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diff --git a/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..6d83b13e --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Instrumentation_and_Measurements/Chapter12_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# CHAPTER 12: INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12-1, Page Number: 355"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "When scale reading is 10 V and precise voltage is 9.5 V,\n",
+ "Error=- -5.0 % of reading= -0.5 % of full scale\n",
+ "\n",
+ "When scale reading is 50 V and precise voltage is 51.7 V,\n",
+ "Error= + 3.4 % of reading= + 1.7 % of full scale\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#For Scale reading =10 V, and precise voltage=9.5 V\n",
+ "scale_reading=10 #Scale reading is 10 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "precise_reading=9.5 #Precise voltage is 9.5 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "error=(precise_reading-scale_reading)/scale_reading*100 #Error in percentage form w.r.t reading\n",
+ "\n",
+ "error_fullscale=(precise_reading-scale_reading)*100/100 #Error with respect to full scale \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"When scale reading is 10 V and precise voltage is 9.5 V,\"\n",
+ "print \"Error=-\",round(error,1),\"% of reading=\",error_fullscale, \"% of full scale\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \n",
+ "#For Scale reading =50 V, and precise voltage=51.7 V\n",
+ "scale_reading=50 #Scale reading is 50 V\n",
+ "precise_reading=51.7 #Precise voltage is 51.7 V\n",
+ "error=(precise_reading-scale_reading)/scale_reading*100 #Error in percentage form \n",
+ "error_fullscale=(precise_reading-scale_reading)*100/100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"When scale reading is 50 V and precise voltage is 51.7 V,\"\n",
+ "print \"Error= +\",round(error,1),\"% of reading= +\",error_fullscale, \"% of full scale\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12-2, Page Number: 357"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Correction figure= -6 W\n",
+ "Error= -5 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "V=114 #Measured Voltage in V\n",
+ "I=1 #Measured Current in A\n",
+ "W=120 #Full Scale wattage in W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "P=V*I #Wattmeter Power\n",
+ "error=P-W #Correction figure\n",
+ "print \"Correction figure=\",error,\"W\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "error=error*100/W #Error %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"Error=\",error,\"%\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12-3, Page Number 361"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 36,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Therefore Vo= 5 V ± 700.0 micro volt\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R4=1125.0\n",
+ "R5=4017.9\n",
+ "Vz=6.4\n",
+ "accuracy=100.0/10**6 #100ppm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Maximum and Minimum values of resistances in ohm\n",
+ "R4max=R4*(1+accuracy) \n",
+ "R4min=R4*(1-accuracy)\n",
+ "R5max=R5*(1+accuracy)\n",
+ "R5min=R5*(1-accuracy)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Maximum and minimum zener voltages in V\n",
+ "Vzmax=Vz+Vz*0.01/100 #Maximum voltage is Vz+0.01% of Vz\n",
+ "Vzmin=Vz-Vz*0.01/100 #Minimum voltage is Vz-0.01% of Vz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Maximum and minimum output voltages in V\n",
+ "Vomax=Vzmax*(R5max/(R4min+R5max)) #Output is maximum when Vz is maximum, R5 is minimum and R4 is maximum\n",
+ "Vomin=Vzmin*(R5min/(R4max+R5min)) #Output is minimum when Vzi mimimum, R5 is maximum and R4 is minimum\n",
+ "Vo=Vz*(R5/(R4+R5))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "error=round(Vomax-Vo,4) #Deviation of output voltage from theoretical value \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Therefore Vo=\",int(Vo),\"V ±\",error*10**6,\"micro volt\"\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12-4, Page Number: 364"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "When the potentiometer is calibrated, I= 20.0 mA\n",
+ "R1= 50.0 ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vx= 1.886 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The value of R2 to limit standard cell current to 20 micro ampere is 200 kilo ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Rab=100 #Resistance of wire AB, in ohm\n",
+ "Vb1=3 #Battery B1, terminal voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vb2=1.0190 #Standard Cell Voltage(V) \n",
+ "l=50.95 #Length BC, in cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#At Calibration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vbc=Vb2 \n",
+ "volt_per_unit_length=Vbc/l #in V/cm\n",
+ "Vab=100*volt_per_unit_length #in V \n",
+ "I=Vab/Rab #Ohm's Law\n",
+ "Vr1=Vb1-Vab #KVL \n",
+ "R1=Vr1/I \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#At 94.3cm\n",
+ "Vx=94.3*volt_per_unit_length\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Worst case: Terminal voltage of B2 or B1 may be reversed\n",
+ "#Total voltage producing current flow through standard cell is\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vt=Vb2+Vb1\n",
+ "R2=Vt/(20*10**-6) #Value of resistance R2 to limit standard cell current to a maximum of 20 micro ampere\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"When the potentiometer is calibrated, I=\",I*10**3,\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"R1=\",R1,\"ohm\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \n",
+ "print \"Vx=\",round(Vx,3),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \n",
+ "print \"The value of R2 to limit standard cell current to 20 micro ampere is \",int(R2*10**-3),\"kilo ohm\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 12-5, Page Number: 367"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 15,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The instrument can measure a maximum of 1.6 V\n",
+ "Instrument resolution=± 0.2 mV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R3=509.5 #in ohm\n",
+ "R4=290.5 #in ohm\n",
+ "R13=100 #in ohm\n",
+ "l=100 #in cm\n",
+ "Vb2=1.0190 #in V(Standard Cell Voltage)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vr3=Vb2 \n",
+ "I1=Vb2/R3 #Ohm's Law \n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Maximum measurable voltage:\n",
+ "Vae=I1*(R3+R4) #Maximum measurable voltage in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Resolution\n",
+ "I2=Vae/(8*R13) #in A \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vab=I2*R13\n",
+ "slidewire_vper_length=Vab/l #in V/mm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "instrument_resolution=slidewire_vper_length*1 #As contact can be read within 1 mm, 1 is multiplied\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"The instrument can measure a maximum of\",Vae,\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Instrument resolution=±\",instrument_resolution*10**2,\"mV\""
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 2",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python2"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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