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diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_and_Circuits_by_J._Paul/Ch2_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_and_Circuits_by_J._Paul/Ch2_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c4421823 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_and_Circuits_by_J._Paul/Ch2_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,851 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 2 - Semiconductor Diodes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 99 example 1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of reverse saturation current = 4963.36\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "q=0.01##centimetre\n", + "sigma1=1##ohm centimetre inverse\n", + "q1=0.01##centimetre\n", + "sigm11=0.01##ohm centimetre inverse\n", + "iratio=(0.0224**2*2.11*20)*3.6**2/((3.11*(4.3**2*10**-6)**2*2.6*20*10**3))#\n", + "for q in range(0,2):\n", + " if q==1:\n", + " un=3800#\n", + " up=1500#\n", + " q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + " ni=2.5*10#\n", + " else:\n", + " q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + " up=500\n", + " un=1300#\n", + " ni=1.5*10\n", + "\n", + " \n", + " b=un/up#\n", + " sigmai=(un+up)*q*ni#\n", + "\n", + "print \"ratio of reverse saturation current = %0.2f\"%((iratio))\n", + "##correction required in the book" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 100 example 2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "reverse current ratio = 7.79e-09\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "sigma1=0.01##ohm centimetre inverse\n", + "area11=4*10**-3##metre square\n", + "q=0.01*10**-2##metre\n", + "un=1300.0#\n", + "up=500.0#\n", + "ni=1.5*10**15##per cubic centimetre\n", + "sigma1=(un+up)*1.6*10**-19*ni#\n", + "iratio=(4*10**-10*0.026*sigma1**2*2.6*2/10**-4)/3.6**2#\n", + "print \"reverse current ratio = %0.2e\"%((iratio))\n", + "##correction required in the book" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 100 example 3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "reverse saturation current = 3.48e-06 ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a=4*10**-4##metre square\n", + "sigmap=1#\n", + "sigman=0.1#\n", + "de=0.15#\n", + "vtem=26*10**-3#\n", + "i=(a*vtem*((2.11)*(0.224))/((3.22)**(2)))*((1/de*sigman)+(1/de*sigmap))#\n", + "print \"reverse saturation current = %0.2e\"%(i),\"ampere\"#correction in the book" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 101 example 4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "voltage at which the reverse saturation current at saturate = -0.06 volt\n", + "reverse saturation current = -6.84 ampere\n", + "reverse saturation current 0.10 = 0.000 ampere\n", + "reverse saturation current 0.20 = 0.022 ampere\n", + "reverse saturation current 0.30 = 1.026 ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log, exp\n", + "w=0.9#\n", + "voltaf=0.05##volt\n", + "revcur=10*10**-6##ampere\n", + "#(1) voltage\n", + "volrev=0.026*(log((-w+1)))##voltage at which the reverse saturation current at saturate\n", + "resacu=((exp(voltaf/0.026)-1)/((exp(-voltaf/0.026)-1)))##reverse saturation current\n", + "print \"voltage at which the reverse saturation current at saturate = %0.2f\"%((volrev)),\"volt\"\n", + "print \"reverse saturation current = %0.2f\"%((resacu)),\"ampere\"\n", + "u=0.1#\n", + "for q in range(0,3):\n", + " reverc=revcur*(exp((u/0.026))-1)\n", + " print \"reverse saturation current %0.2f\"%((u)),\" = %0.3f\"%((reverc)),\"ampere\"\n", + " u=u+0.1#\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 103 example 6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "capacitance = 7.08e-11 farad\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a=1*10**-6##metre square\n", + "w=2*10**-6##thick centimetre\n", + "re=16#\n", + "eo=8.854*10**-12#\n", + "c=(eo*re*a)/w#\n", + "print \"capacitance = %0.2e\"%(c),\"farad\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 105 example 7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "width of depletion layer at -10.00 = 7.73e-06 metre\n", + "width of depletion layer at -0.10 = 1.33e-06 metre\n", + "width of depletion layer at 0.10 = 7.65e-07 metre\n", + "capacitance at -10.00 = 1.57e-11 farad\n", + "capacitance at -0.10 = 9.13e-11 farad\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "volbar=0.2##barrier voltage for germanium volt\n", + "na=3*10**20##atoms per metre\n", + "#(1) width of depletion layer at 10 and 0.1 volt\n", + "\n", + "for q in [-10, -0.1, 0.1]:\n", + " w=2.42*10**-6*sqrt((0.2-(q)))#\n", + " print \"width of depletion layer at %0.2f\"%((q)),\" = %0.2e\"%((w)),\"metre\"#for -0.1volt correction in the book\n", + "\n", + "#(d) capacitance\n", + "for q in [-10, -0.1]:\n", + " capaci=0.05*10**-9/sqrt(0.2-q)#\n", + " print \"capacitance at %0.2f\"%((q)),\" = %0.2e\"%((capaci)),\"farad\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 104 example 8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum forward current = 2.22 ampere\n", + "forward diode resistance = 0.40 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "p=2##watts\n", + "voltaf=900*10**-3##volt\n", + "i1=p/voltaf#\n", + "r1=voltaf/i1#\n", + "print \"maximum forward current = %0.2f\"%(i1),\"ampere\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print \"forward diode resistance = %0.2f\"%(r1),\"ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 108 example 11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "alpha = 104.86 degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import atan, degrees\n", + "r=250##ohm\n", + "c=40*10**-6##farad\n", + "alpha1=180-degrees(atan(377*r*c))\n", + "print \"alpha = %0.2f\"%(alpha1),\"degree\" " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 109 example 12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "inductance = 3022899.27 henry\n", + "output voltage = 31.03 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "i1=0.1##current in ampere\n", + "vms=40##rms voltage in volts\n", + "c=40*10**-6##capacitance in farad\n", + "r1=50##resistance in ohms\n", + "ripple=0.0001#\n", + "induct=((1.76/c)*sqrt(0.472/ripple))##inductance\n", + "outv=(2*sqrt(2)*vms)/3.14-i1*r1##output voltage\n", + "print \"inductance = %0.2f\"%(induct),\"henry\"#correction in the book\n", + "print \"output voltage = %0.2f\"%(outv),\"volt\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 109 example 14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ripple voltage = 0.093 volt\n", + "ripple voltage including filters = 118.49 volt\n", + "ripple voltage = 0.0040 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "voltag=40##volt\n", + "i1=0.2##ampere\n", + "c1=40*10**-6##farad\n", + "c2=c1#\n", + "induct=2##henry\n", + "#(1) ripple\n", + "vdc=2*sqrt(2)*voltag/3.14#\n", + "r1=vdc/i1#\n", + "induc1=r1/1130#\n", + "v1=voltag/(3*3.14**3*120**2*4*induct*c1)#\n", + "print \"ripple voltage = %0.3f\"%((v1)),\"volt\"\n", + "#(2) with two filter\n", + "v1=4*voltag/((3*3.14**5)*(16*120**2*induct**2*c1**2))#\n", + "print \"ripple voltage including filters = %0.2f\"%((v1)),\"volt\"#correction in the book\n", + "#(3)ripple voltage\n", + "v1=4*voltag/(5*3.14*1.414*2*3.14*240*240*3.14*induct*c1)#\n", + "v1=v1/20#\n", + "print \"ripple voltage = %0.4f\"%((v1)),\"volt\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 111 example 15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "voltage and ripple with load\n", + "vdc = 250.21 volt\n", + "ripple = 3.13e-02\n", + "capacitance connected across load\n", + "vdc = 497.91 volt\n", + "ripple = 3.76e-02\n", + "filter containing two inductors and capacitors in parallel\n", + "vdc = 250.00 volt\n", + "ripple = 6.48e-04\n", + "two filter\n", + "vdc = 250.00 volt\n", + "ripple = 4.76e-06\n", + "vdc = 358.26 volt\n", + "ripple = 1.61e-04\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "voltag=375##volt\n", + "r1=2000##ohm\n", + "induct=20##henry\n", + "c1=16*10**-6##farad\n", + "r11=100##ohm\n", + "r=200##ohm\n", + "#(1) voltage and ripple with load\n", + "print \"voltage and ripple with load\"\n", + "r=r+r11+400#\n", + "vdc=((2*sqrt(2)*voltag/3.14))/1.35#\n", + "ripple=r1/(3*sqrt(2)*(377)*induct*2)#\n", + "print \"vdc = %0.2f\"%((vdc)),\"volt\"\n", + "print \"ripple = %0.2e\"%((ripple))\n", + "#(2) capacitance connected across load\n", + "print \"capacitance connected across load\"\n", + "vdc=sqrt(2)*voltag/(1+1/(4*(60)*r1*2*c1))#\n", + "ripple=1/(4*sqrt(3)*(60)*r1*2*c1)#\n", + "print \"vdc = %0.2f\"%((vdc)),\"volt\"\n", + "print \"ripple = %0.2e\"%((ripple))\n", + "#(3) filter containing two inductors and capacitors in parallel\n", + "print \"filter containing two inductors and capacitors in parallel\"\n", + "vdc=250##volt\n", + "ripple=0.83*10**-6/(2*induct*2*c1)##correction in the book\n", + "print \"vdc = %0.2f\"%((vdc)),\"volt\"\n", + "print \"ripple = %0.2e\"%((ripple))\n", + "#(4) two filter\n", + "print \"two filter\"\n", + "vdc=250#\n", + "ripple=sqrt(2)/(3*16*3.14**2*60**2*induct*c1)**2##correction in the book\n", + "print \"vdc = %0.2f\"%((vdc)),\"volt\"\n", + "print \"ripple = %0.2e\"%((ripple))\n", + "vdc=sqrt(2)*voltag/(1+(4170/(r1*16))+(r/r1))#\n", + "ripple=3300/(16**2*2*20*r1)#\n", + "print \"vdc = %0.2f\"%((vdc)),\"volt\"\n", + "print \"ripple = %0.2e\"%((ripple))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 112 example 16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "output voltage = 362.14 volt\n", + "ripple voltage = 1.46e-03\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "capaci=4##farad\n", + "induct=20##henry\n", + "i1=50*10**-3##ampere\n", + "resist=200##ohm\n", + "maxvol=300*sqrt(2)#\n", + "vdc=maxvol-((4170/capaci)*(i1))-(i1*resist)#\n", + "ripple=(3300*i1)/((capaci**2)*(induct)*353)#\n", + "print \"output voltage = %0.2f\"%((vdc)),\"volt\"\n", + "print \"ripple voltage = %0.2e\"%((ripple))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 113 example 17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "inductance of filter = 4.98 henry\n", + "resistance of filter = 250.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "voltag=25##volt\n", + "c1=10*10**-6##farad\n", + "i1=100*10**-3##ampere\n", + "ripple=0.001#\n", + "w=754##radians\n", + "#(1) inductance and resistance\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "r1=voltag/i1#\n", + "induct=40/(sqrt(2)*w**2*(c1))#\n", + "print \"inductance of filter = %0.2f\"%((induct)),\"henry\"#correction in the book\n", + "print \"resistance of filter = %0.2f\"%((r1)),\"ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 113 example 18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current = 2.83e-04 ampere\n", + "current at 100celsius rise\n", + "current = 6.81e-04 ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "resacu=0.1*10**-12##ampere\n", + "u=20+273##kelvin\n", + "voltaf=0.55##volt\n", + "w=1.38*10**-23#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "for z in range(1,3):\n", + " if z==2 :\n", + " u=100+273#\n", + " print \"current at 100celsius rise\"\n", + " \n", + " voltag=w*u/q#\n", + " i1=(10**-13)*(exp((voltaf/voltag))-1)#\n", + " if z==2:\n", + " i1=(256*10**-13)*((exp(voltaf/voltag)-1))#\n", + " \n", + " print \"current = %0.2e\"%((i1)),\"ampere\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 114 example 19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "thermal voltage = 0.026 volt\n", + "barrier voltage = 0.535 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "na=10*22##atoms per cubic metre\n", + "nd=1.2*10**21##donor per cubic metre\n", + "voltag=1.38*10**-23*(273+298)/(1.6*10**-19)##correction in the book\n", + "voltag=0.026#\n", + "ni=1.5*10**16#\n", + "ni=ni**2#\n", + "v1=voltag*log((na*nd)/(ni))#\n", + "print \"thermal voltage = %0.3f\"%((voltag)),\"volt\"\n", + "print \"barrier voltage = %0.3f\"%(abs(v1)),\"volt\"#correction in the book" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 114 example 20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current = 9.16e-06 ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "i1=2*10**-7##ampere\n", + "voltag=0.026##volt\n", + "i=i1*((exp(0.1/voltag)-1))#\n", + "print \"current = %0.2e\"%((i)),\"ampere\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 115 example 21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "resistance at 150mvolt = 80.74 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "resacu=1*10**-6##ampere\n", + "voltaf=150*10**-3##volt\n", + "w=8.62*10**-5#\n", + "voltag=0.026##volt\n", + "u=300##kelvin\n", + "uw=u*w#\n", + "resist=(uw)/((resacu)*exp(voltaf/voltag))#\n", + "print \"resistance at 150mvolt = %0.2f\"%((resist)),\"ohm\"#correction in the book" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 115 example 22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "change in barrier = 0.18 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "dopfac=1000#\n", + "w=300##kelvin\n", + "q=0.026*log(dopfac)#\n", + "print \"change in barrier = %0.2f\"%((q)),\"volt\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 116 example 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "depletion capacitance = 1.09e-11 farad\n", + "capacitance = 3.85e-07 farad\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "area12=1*10**-8##metre square\n", + "volre1=-1##reverse voltage\n", + "capac1=5*10**-12##farad\n", + "volbu1=0.9##volt\n", + "voltag=0.5##volt\n", + "i1=10*10**-3##ampere\n", + "durmin=1*10**-6##ssecond\n", + "#(1) capacitance\n", + "capac1=capac1*sqrt((volre1-volbu1)/(voltag-volbu1))#\n", + "print \"depletion capacitance = %0.2e\"%((capac1)),\"farad\"\n", + "#(2) capacitance\n", + "capac1=i1*durmin/(0.026)#\n", + "\n", + "print \"capacitance = %0.2e\"%((capac1)),\"farad\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 116 example 24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "potential germanium = 0.34 volt\n", + "potential silicon = 0.74 volt\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "quantg=4*10**22##atoms per cubic centimetre\n", + "quants=5*10**22##atoms per cubic centimetre\n", + "w=2.5*10**13##per cubic centimetre\n", + "w1=1.5*10**10##per cubic centimetre\n", + "for q in [quantg, quants]:\n", + " na=2*q/(10**8)\n", + " nd=500*na#\n", + " if q==quantg :\n", + " w=w#\n", + " voltag=0.026*log(na*nd/w**2)#\n", + " print \"potential germanium = %0.2f\"%((voltag)),\"volt\"\n", + " \n", + " if q==quants:\n", + " w=w1#\n", + " voltag=0.026*log(na*nd/w**2)#\n", + " print \"potential silicon = %0.2f\"%((voltag)),\"volt\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## PageNumber 117 example 25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "electrons density = 9.62e+20 per cubic metre\n", + "holes density = 1.25e+23 per cubic metre\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "u=0.05##metre square per velocity second correction in the book\n", + "un=0.13##metre square per velocity second\n", + "condun=20##second per metre conductivity of n region\n", + "condup=1000##second per metre conductivity of p region\n", + "p=condup/(1.6*10**-19*u)#\n", + "no=condun/(1.6*10**-19*un)#\n", + "print \"electrons density = %0.2e\"%((no)),\"per cubic metre\"\n", + "print \"holes density = %0.2e\"%((p)),\"per cubic metre\"#others to find is not in the book" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |