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diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_and_Circuits_By_I.JNagrath/chapter2.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_and_Circuits_By_I.JNagrath/chapter2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..4eb7e136 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_and_Circuits_By_I.JNagrath/chapter2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,567 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:7b8ef11e11019a3b1cc284475151e0d8bb5d6632f9c468e0f90289ce47134c38"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " Chapter 2: TRANSISTORS AND OTHER DEVICES"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.1,Page number 89"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rb=200 #base resistance(ohm)\n",
+ "Vbe=0.7 #base emitter voltage drop(V) in active region \n",
+ "Vbb=5 #base voltage of bipolar transistor(V) \n",
+ "beeta=100 #current gain\n",
+ "Rc=3 #collector resistance(k ohms)\n",
+ "Vcc=10 #voltage given to the collector(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ib=(Vbb-Vbe)/Rb #base current(mA) \n",
+ "Ic=beeta*Ib #collector current(mA) \n",
+ "Vcb=-Vbe-(Rc*Ic)+Vcc #collector base voltage drop(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print\"base current\",Ib,\"mA\" \n",
+ "print\"collector current\",Ic,\"mA\"\n",
+ "print\"reverse bias collector junction is\",Vcb,\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "base current 0.0215 mA\n",
+ "collector current 2.15 mA\n",
+ "reverse bias collector junction is 2.85 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.2,Page number 90"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vbb=5 #base voltage of bipolar transistor(V)\n",
+ "Vbe=0.7 #base emitter voltage drop(V) in active region \n",
+ "Rb=150 #base resistance(ohm)\n",
+ "beeta=125 #curret gain \n",
+ "Rc=3 #collector resistance(k ohms) \n",
+ "Vcc=10 #supply voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vce=0.2 #collector to emitter voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Ib=(Vbb-Vbe)/Rb #base current(mA)\n",
+ "Ic=beeta*Ib #collector current(mA)\n",
+ "Vcb=-Vbe-(Rc*Ic)+Vcc #collector base voltage drop(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b -for npn transistor\n",
+ "Vbe=0.8 #base emitter voltage drop(V) in saturation\n",
+ "Ic=(Vcc-Vce)/Rc #collector current(mA)\n",
+ "Ib=(Vbb-Vbe)/Rb #base current(mA)\n",
+ "Ibmin=Ic/beeta #minimum base current(mA) to go into saturation(mA)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print\"In active region, base current is\",round(Ib/1E-3),\"*10**-3 mA and collector current is\",round(Ic,2),\"mA\" \n",
+ "print\"base current and collector current in npn are\",round((Ib/1E-3),2),\"*10**-3 mA\",\"and\",round(Ic,2),\"mA resp.\"\n",
+ "print\"base current minimum is\",round(Ibmin,3),\"mA\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "In active region, base current is 28.0 *10**-3 mA and collector current is 3.27 mA\n",
+ "base current and collector current in npn are 28.0 *10**-3 mA and 3.27 mA resp.\n",
+ "base current minimum is 0.026 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.3,Page number 91"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vbb=5 #base voltage of bipolar transistor(V)\n",
+ "Vbe=0.7 #base emitter voltage drop(V) in active region \n",
+ "Rb=50 #base resistance(ohm)\n",
+ "beeta=50 #current gain\n",
+ "Re=1.8 #emitter resistance(k ohms) \n",
+ "Vcc=10 #supply voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vce=0.2 #collector to emitter voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ib=(Vbb-Vbe)/(Rb+Re*(beeta+1)) #base current(mA)\n",
+ "Ic=beeta*Ib #collector current(mA)\n",
+ "Ie=Ib+Ic #emitter current(mA)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print\"values are Ib:\",round(Ib,2),\"mA,Ic:\",round(Ic,2),\"mA and Ie:\",round(Ie,2),\"mA\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "values are Ib: 0.03 mA,Ic: 1.52 mA and Ie: 1.55 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.4,Page number 91"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vbe=0.7 #base to emitter voltage(V)\n",
+ "Rb=250 #base resistance(k ohms)\n",
+ "Vcc=10 #supply voltage(V)\n",
+ "Rl=0.5 #load resistance(k ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ic=Vcc/Rl #collector current(mA)\n",
+ "IbQ=(Vcc-Vbe)/Rb #Ib at operating point(uA)\n",
+ "IcQ=8 #Ic at operating point(mA)\n",
+ "VceQ=6 #Vce at operating point(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print\"values are IbQ:\",IbQ,\"uA,IcQ:\",IcQ,\"mA and Vcc:\",Vcc,\"V\"\n",
+ "print\"collector current Ic is\",Ic,\"mA and output voltage,vL=6-2 sinwt V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "values are IbQ: 0.0372 uA,IcQ: 8 mA and Vcc: 10 V\n",
+ "collector current Ic is 20.0 mA and output voltage,vL=6-2 sinwt V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.5,Page number 104"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vgs=12 #gate to source voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vt=4 #threshold voltage(V)\n",
+ "Id=12.8 #drain current(mA)\n",
+ "K=0.0002 #device parameter \n",
+ "Vdd=24 #drain voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vds=Vgs=8 #drain to source voltage(V) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Id=K*((Vds-Vt)**2) #drain current at Vds=8V\n",
+ "Rd=(Vdd-Vds)/Id #drain resistance(k ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"diode resistance is\",Rd,\"ohms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "diode resistance is 5000.0 ohms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.7,Page number 106"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vds=7.5 #drain to source voltage(V)\n",
+ "Id=5 #drain current(mA) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vgs=-1.5 #gate to source voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vgg=-Vgs #gate voltage=gate to source voltage(V) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"gate voltage is\",Vgg,\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "gate voltage is 1.5 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.8,Page number 107"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vds=7.5 #drain to source voltage(V)\n",
+ "Idss=8. #drain current for Vgs(V)\n",
+ "Vgs=2. #gate to source voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vp=4. #peak voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Id=Idss*((Vp-Vgs)/Vp)**2 #drain current(mA)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"diode current is\",Id,\"mA\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "diode current is 2.0 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.10,Page number 115"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "beeta=160 #current gain\n",
+ "Vee=10 #emitter voltage(V)\n",
+ "Rb=400 #base resistance(k ohms)\n",
+ "Veb=0.8 #emitter to base voltage(V)\n",
+ "Re=2.5 #emitter resistance(k ohms)\n",
+ "Rc=1.5 #collector resistance(k ohms) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a \n",
+ "Ib=(Vee-Veb)/((Re*(1+beeta))+Rb) #base current(uA)\n",
+ "Ic=beeta*Ib #collector current(mA)\n",
+ "Ie=(beeta+1)*Ib #emitter current(mA) \n",
+ "Vce=Vee-(Re*Ie)-(Rc*Ic) #emitter to collector voltage(V) \n",
+ "Vce=-Vce #collector to emitter voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "beeta=80 #current gain \n",
+ "Ib1=(Vee-Veb)/((Re*(1+beeta))+Rb) #base current(uA)\n",
+ "Ic1=beeta*Ib1 #collector current(mA)\n",
+ "Ie1=(beeta+1)*Ib1 #emitter current(mA) \n",
+ "Vce1=-(Vee-(Ie1*Re)-(Rc*Ic1)) #collector to emitter voltage(V) \n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"collector current and Vce for beeta=160 are\",round(Ic,2),\"mA\",\"and\",round(Vce,2),\"V\" \n",
+ "print\"Ic and Vce for beeta=80 are\",round(Ic,2),\"mA\",\"and\",round(Vce1,2),\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "collector current and Vce for beeta=160 are 1.83 mA and -2.63 V\n",
+ "Ic and Vce for beeta=80 are 1.83 mA and -5.08 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.13,Page number 120"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "from sympy import*\n",
+ "import math \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "K=2 #device parameter\n",
+ "Rd=Rs=2.5*10**3 #drain resistance(k ohms)\n",
+ "R1=100*10**3 #resistance(ohms)\n",
+ "R2=200*10**3 #resistance(ohms)\n",
+ "Vdd=12 #drain voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vt=4 #threshold voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vgg=(R2*Vdd)/(R1+R2)\n",
+ "Id=symbols('Id') #gate voltage(V)\n",
+ "expr=solve(Id**2-3.28*Id+2.56,Id)\n",
+ "print expr\n",
+ "Id=1.28\n",
+ "Vds=Vdd-5*Id\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Id is\",Id,\"mA and Vds is\",Vds,\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "[1.28000000000000, 2.00000000000000]\n",
+ "Id is 1.28 mA and Vds is 5.6 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.14,Page number 121"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "k=2. #device parameter\n",
+ "Vt=-1. #threshold voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vdd=-12. #drain voltage(V)\n",
+ "R1=300. #resistance(kohms)\n",
+ "R2=100. #resistance(kohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Vgs=-2 #gate to source voltage(V)\n",
+ "Vgg=(R2*Vdd)/(R1+R2) #gate voltage(V)\n",
+ "Id=k*((Vgs-Vt)**2) #drain current(mA)\n",
+ "Rs=(Vgs-Vgg)/Id #source resistance(k ohms) as Id=Is,Kvl in GS loop\n",
+ "Is=Id\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Vds=-4 #drain to source voltage(V)\n",
+ "Rd=(-Vdd+Vds-(Is*Rs))/Id #applying kvl in DS loop\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c \n",
+ "Vt=-1.5 #threshold voltage(V) \n",
+ "Vgg=-1.5 #gate voltage using Id formula \n",
+ "R2new=(Vgg*R1)/(Vdd-Vgg) #new resistance(k ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print\"a)source resistance is\",Rs,\"kohm\" \n",
+ "print\"b)drain resistance is\",Rd,\"kohm\"\n",
+ "print\"c)R2new is\",round(R2new,2),\"kohm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "a)source resistance is 0.5 kohm\n",
+ "b)drain resistance is 3.5 kohm\n",
+ "c)R2new is 42.86 kohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.15,Page number 122"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vp=-4 #peak voltage(V)\n",
+ "Idss=10 #drain current for Vgs(V)\n",
+ "Vdd=18 #drain voltage(V) \n",
+ "Rs=2 #source resistance(ohms) \n",
+ "Rd=2 #drain resistance(ohms)\n",
+ "R1=450*10**3 #resistance(ohms)\n",
+ "R2=90*10**3 #resistance(ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vgg=(R2*Vdd)/(R1+R2)\n",
+ "from sympy import*\n",
+ "Id=symbols('Id')\n",
+ "expr=solve(20*Id**2-148*Id+245,Id)\n",
+ "print expr\n",
+ "Id1=2.5\n",
+ "Vds=Vdd-((Rs+Rd)*Id1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Id is\",Id1,\"mA and Vds is\",Vds,\"V\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "[5/2, 49/10]\n",
+ "Id is 2.5 mA and Vds is 8.0 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.16,Page number 123"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vp=4 #peak voltage(V)\n",
+ "Idss=12. #drain current for Vgs(V) \n",
+ "Vdd=12 #drain voltage(V)\n",
+ "Id=4. #drain current(mA)\n",
+ "Vds=6 #drain to source voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Rs=(Vp/4)*(1-(math.sqrt(Id/Idss))) #by Id=Idss(1-(Vgs/Vp))^2 and putting Vgs=4Rs in it and solving\n",
+ "Rd=((Vdd+Vds)/Id)-Rs #solving equation -Vdd-Vds+(Id*(Rd+Rs))=0 \n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"source resistance is\",round(Rs,2),\"kohm\" \n",
+ "print\"drain resistance\",round(Rd,2),\"kohms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "source resistance is 0.42 kohm\n",
+ "drain resistance 4.08 kohms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |