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Diffstat (limited to 'Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore')
7 files changed, 5618 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_1.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e772cf7f --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,716 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 1 : Electron Dynamics and CRO"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.1 page no-4"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# speed of electon in electric field\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=10.0\n",
+ "d=5*10**-2\n",
+ "t=50*10**-9\n",
+ "T=10**-7\n",
+ "x=1.76*10**11\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations and Results\n",
+ "#(1)\n",
+ "eps=V/(d*T)\n",
+ "a=x*eps\n",
+ "v=a*t**2/2\n",
+ "print(\"(1)\\nVelocity, v = %.1f*10^5 m/s\\n\"%(v/100000))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(2)\n",
+ "x1=(a/6)*(t**3)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(2)\\ndistance, x=%.3f cm\\n\"%(x1*100))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(3)\n",
+ "x2=0.05\n",
+ "t1=(x2/(a/6))**(1.0/3)\n",
+ "v1=(a/2)*t1**2\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(3)\\nspeed with which the electron strikes the positive plate,\\nv = %.2f*10^6 m/sec\"%(v1/10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(1)\n",
+ "Velocity, v = 4.4*10^5 m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(2)\n",
+ "distance, x=0.733 cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(3)\n",
+ "speed with which the electron strikes the positive plate,\n",
+ "v = 1.58*10^6 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.2 page no-9"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# speed of electron and position of applied AC voltage point\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "Vmax=1.5 # v\n",
+ "d=8*10**-3 # m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "w=2*math.pi*60*10**6 # rad/sec\n",
+ "Max_Vel=2*e*Vmax/(m*d*w)\n",
+ "Max_Vel=math.ceil(Max_Vel*10**-3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The Maximum value of Velocity is, \\ndx/dt=%.2f*10^5 m/sec\"%(Max_Vel/100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The Maximum value of Velocity is, \n",
+ "dx/dt=1.75*10^5 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.3 page no-10"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# effect of electric field on electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "eps=(2000.0)/3 # V/cm\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "v= 10**7 # dy/dt=v m/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations and Result\n",
+ "#(1)\n",
+ "t=v*m/(e*eps*100)\n",
+ "t=math.floor(t*10**11)\n",
+ "t=t/10\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(1)\\nTime ,t = %.1f*10^-10 sec\\n\"%t)\n",
+ "t=t*10**-10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(2)\n",
+ "y=(e*eps*100*t**2)/(2*m)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(2)\\nDistance travelled by electron , y = %.5f m\\n\"%y)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(3)\n",
+ "pd=eps*100*y\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(3)\\nPotential Drop = %.1f Volts\"%pd)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(1)\n",
+ "Time ,t = 8.5*10^-10 sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(2)\n",
+ "Distance travelled by electron , y = 0.00423 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(3)\n",
+ "Potential Drop = 282.3 Volts\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.4 page no-13"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# calculation of potential\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V0=10.0 # volts siince energy is 10ev\n",
+ "xm=2.0 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "theta=math.pi/4\n",
+ "V=(2*V0*math.sin(2*theta))/xm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"V = %.0fd Volts\"%V)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "V = 10d Volts\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.5 page no-19"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Application of magnetic field on electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B=0.03 # wb/m^2\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "V=2*10**5\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "R=(2*m*V/e)**(0.5)\n",
+ "R=math.floor(R*100/B)\n",
+ "#OAC is a right angled triangle\n",
+ "oa=R\n",
+ "oc=3.0\n",
+ "ac=math.sqrt((oa)**2-(oc)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Radius of the circle, R=%.0f cm\"%R)\n",
+ "print(\"AD=%d cm\"%(oa-ac))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Radius of the circle, R=5 cm\n",
+ "AD=1 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.6 page no-20"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# calculation of transit time\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "V=100.0\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "d=5*10**-2 # m\n",
+ "t=10**-8 # sec\n",
+ "t1=0.01*10**-6 # sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "d1=(e*V*t**2)/(m*d*2)\n",
+ "d2=(5-d1*100)\n",
+ "v1=e*V*t1/(m*d)\n",
+ "v1=math.ceil(v1/10**4)\n",
+ "t2=(d2*10**-2)/(v1*10**4)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"d1 = %.3f*10^-2m\\nd2 = %.2f*10^-2m\"%(d1*100,d2))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nVelocity of Electron,v = %.2f*10^6m/s\"%(v1/100))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nt2 = %.1f*10^-8 sec\"%(t2*10**8))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nTotal transit time = t1 + t2 = %.1f*10^-8 sec\"%((t1/10**-8)+t2*10**8))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "d1 = 1.758*10^-2m\n",
+ "d2 = 3.24*10^-2m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Velocity of Electron,v = 3.52*10^6m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "t2 = 0.9*10^-8 sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Total transit time = t1 + t2 = 1.9*10^-8 sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.7 page no-20"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# time of flight under electric field\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "V=1000.0 # volt\n",
+ "d=0.01 # m\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "eps=V/d\n",
+ "t=math.sqrt((2*m*d)/(e*eps))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"t = %.2f * 10^-9 sec\"%(t*10**10))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "t = 10.67 * 10^-9 sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 25
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.8 page no-21"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# velocity of electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=1000.0 # volt\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vf=math.sqrt((2*e*V)/m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"V_final = %.2f * 10^6 m/sec\"%(Vf/10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "V_final = 18.75 * 10^6 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " Example 1.9 page no-24"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# application of electric and magnetic field\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "k=1.76*10**11 # e/m in C/kg\n",
+ "eps=10**4\n",
+ "B=0.01\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Xmax=2*eps*math.pi/((B**2)*k)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Xmax = %.3f cm\"%(Xmax*100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Xmax = 0.357 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.10 page no-25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# distance travelled in helical path\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Energy=50.0 # eV\n",
+ "V0=Energy # Volts\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # c\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "v0=math.sqrt(2*e*V0/m)\n",
+ "v0=math.ceil(v0/10**5)\n",
+ "v0=(v0/10)*10**6\n",
+ "t=(35.5*10**-12)/(2*10**-3)\n",
+ "#Components of velocities are\n",
+ "v1=v0*math.cos(10*math.pi/180)\n",
+ "v2=v0*math.cos(20*math.pi/180)\n",
+ "x=v1-v2\n",
+ "d=x*t\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Velocity, v0 = %.0f m/s\"%v0)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nDistance, d = %.4f cm\"%(d*100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Velocity, v0 = 4200000 m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Distance, d = 0.3363 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.11 page no-33"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Deflection sensitivity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "l=2.0 # cm\n",
+ "D=18.0 # cm\n",
+ "s=0.5 # cm\n",
+ "va1=500.0 # volts\n",
+ "va2=1000 # Volts\n",
+ "va3=1500.0 # Volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "ds1=l*D/(2*s*va1) # Deflection Sensitivity\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "ds2=l*D/(2*s*va2)\n",
+ "# (c)\n",
+ "ds3=l*D/(2*s*va3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)Va=%dV\\nDeflection Sensitivity S_E=%.3f cm/V \"%(va1,ds1))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(b)Va=%dV\\nDeflection Sensitivity S_E=%.3f cm/V\"%(va2,ds2))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(c)Va=%dV\\nDeflection Sensitivity S_E=%.3f cm/V\"%(va3,ds3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)Va=500V\n",
+ "Deflection Sensitivity S_E=0.072 cm/V \n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)Va=1000V\n",
+ "Deflection Sensitivity S_E=0.036 cm/V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)Va=1500V\n",
+ "Deflection Sensitivity S_E=0.024 cm/V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.12 page no-34"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# displacement angle and velocity of electron in CRT\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "l=2.0 # cm\n",
+ "D=24.0 # cm\n",
+ "s=0.5 # cm\n",
+ "Vd=30.0 # Volts\n",
+ "Va=1000.0 # Volts\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations and Results\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "d=Vd*l*D/(2*s*Va)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(a)\\nDeflection Produce, d=%.2f cm\\n\"%d)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "theta=(math.atan(d/D))*(180/math.pi)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nTheta=%.2f\u00b0\"%theta)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt(2*e*Va/m)\n",
+ "vr=v/math.cos(theta*math.pi/180)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(c)\\nResultant Velocity, Vr = %.2f *10^6 m/sec\"%(vr/10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Deflection Produce, d=1.44 cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Theta=3.43\u00b0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "Resultant Velocity, Vr = 18.79 *10^6 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.13 page no-34"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Calculation of transverse magnetic field \n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration \n",
+ "\n",
+ "l=1.27 # cm\n",
+ "D=19.4 # cm\n",
+ "s=0.475 # cm\n",
+ "Va=400.0 # volts\n",
+ "v=30.0 # volt\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Se=l*D*10**-2/(2*s*Va)\n",
+ "Se=math.ceil(Se*10**5)\n",
+ "x=math.sqrt(m/e)\n",
+ "B=(x*0.65*30*math.sqrt(2*Va))/(l*D)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"S_E = %.2f mm/v\"%(Se/100))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nB = %.2f*10^-5 wb/m^2\"%(B*10**5))#answer not matches with given answer"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "S_E = 0.65 mm/v\n",
+ "\n",
+ "B = 5.34*10^-5 wb/m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 41
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1.14 page no-35"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# effect of earths magnetic filed on deflection in CRT\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "v0=1.19*10**7 # m/sec\n",
+ "B=0.6*10**-4 # wb/m^2\n",
+ "v=400.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Radius of the circle described by the electron due to earth magnetic field\n",
+ "R=3.37*10**-6*math.sqrt(v)/B\n",
+ "y=math.sqrt((112)**2-20**2)\n",
+ "y=112-y\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Radius of Circle, R = %.2fm\"%R)\n",
+ "print(\"\\ndeflection of the electron on the screen, y = %.1f cm\"%y)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Radius of Circle, R = 1.12m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "deflection of the electron on the screen, y = 1.8 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 44
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_2.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e93b3da2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1827 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 2 : Junction Diode Characteristics"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.1 page no-45"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# radius of the lowest state of Ground State\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n=1\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34 # planc's constantJ-sec\n",
+ "eps=10**-9/(36*math.pi)\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # electron mass in kg\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #Electron charge\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "r=n**2*h**2*eps/(math.pi*m*e**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\nradius of the lowest state of Ground State, r=%.2f A\u00b0\"%(r*10**10))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "radius of the lowest state of Ground State, r=0.53 A\u00b0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.2 page no-46"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# no of photons emitted per second by lamp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "l =2537.0 # wavelength in A\u00b0\n",
+ "E_diff=12400.0/l\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "energy=50.0/1000 # J/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "e_j=energy/e # eV/sec\n",
+ "n=e_j/E_diff\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"The lamp emits %.1f * 10^16 photons/sec of wavelength, lambda=%dA\u00b0\"%(n/10**16,l))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The lamp emits 6.4 * 10^16 photons/sec of wavelength, lambda=2537A\u00b0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.3 page no-47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Speed of ejected electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e_ar=11.6 # eV\n",
+ "e_Na=5.12 # eV\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "V=e_ar-e_Na\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt(2*e*V/m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Velocity, v = %.2f * 10^6 m/sec\"%(v/10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Velocity, v = 1.51 * 10^6 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " Example 2.4 page no-48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# speed of electron in sodium vapour lamp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "l=5893.0 # A\u00b0\n",
+ "V=2.11 # Volts\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 #C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 #kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calcualations\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt(2*e*V/m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Velocity, v = %.2f * 10^5 m/sec\"%(v/10**5))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Velocity, v = 8.61 * 10^5 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.5 page no-48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# radio transmitter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f=10*10**6 # Hz\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34 # Joules/sec\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "E=h*f/e\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(a)Energy of each radiated quantum,\\n\\tE = %.3f*10^-27 Joules/Quantum\\n\\tE = %.2f*10^-8 eV/Quantum\"%(h*f*10**27,E*10**8))\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# (b)\n",
+ "E=1000.0 # Joule/sec\n",
+ "N=E/(h*f)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(b)\\nTotal number of quanta per sec, N=%.2f*10^29\"%(N/10**29))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "o=10**-7\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(c)\\nNumber of quanta emitted per cycle = %.2f*10^22 per cycle\"%(o*N/10**22))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(a)Energy of each radiated quantum,\n",
+ "\tE = 6.626*10^-27 Joules/Quantum\n",
+ "\tE = 4.14*10^-8 eV/Quantum\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Total number of quanta per sec, N=1.51*10^29\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "Number of quanta emitted per cycle = 1.51*10^22 per cycle\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.6 page no-48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Neon Ionization\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=21.5 # Volts\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "l=12400.0/V # A\u00b0\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 #m/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations and Result\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt(2*e*V/m)\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nVelocity, v = %.2f*10^6 m/sec\\nWavelength of Radiation, Lambda = %.1f\"%(v/10**6,math.ceil(l)))\n",
+ "# (b)\n",
+ "f=c/(l*10**-10)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nFrequency of Radiation, f = %.1f * 10^15 Hz\"%(f/10**15))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Velocity, v = 2.75*10^6 m/sec\n",
+ "Wavelength of Radiation, Lambda = 577.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Frequency of Radiation, f = 5.2 * 10^15 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.8 page no-49"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# wavelength of photon\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L=1400.0\n",
+ "del_E=2.15\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "E_diff=12400.0/L # eV\n",
+ "L2=12400.0/del_E\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"E2-E1 = %.2f eV\\n1850 A\u00b0 line is from 6.71 eV to 0 eV\"%(E_diff))\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore, second photon must be from %.2f to 6.71 eV.\\nLambda=%d A\u00b0.\"%(E_diff,L2))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "E2-E1 = 8.86 eV\n",
+ "1850 A\u00b0 line is from 6.71 eV to 0 eV\n",
+ "Therefore, second photon must be from 8.86 to 6.71 eV.\n",
+ "Lambda=5767 A\u00b0.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.9 page no-58"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# High field emission\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=60.2*10**4 # A/m^2/\u00b0K^2\n",
+ "B=52400.0 # \u00b0K\n",
+ "T1=2400.0 # \u00b0K\n",
+ "T2=2410.0 # \u00b0K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calcualtions\n",
+ "js1=A*T1**2*(math.e**(-B/T1))\n",
+ "js2=A*T2**2*(math.e**(-B/T2))\n",
+ "js1=math.floor(js1)\n",
+ "js2=math.floor(js2)\n",
+ "p=(js2-js1)*100/js1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"JS1 = %d A/m^2\\nJS2 = %d A/m^2\"%(js1,js2))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPercentage Increase = %.2f%%\"%p)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "JS1 = 1142 A/m^2\n",
+ "JS2 = 1261 A/m^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Percentage Increase = 10.42%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.10 page no-58"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Work function and wavelength\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "h=6.63*10**-34 # Plank's Constant, J sec.\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # Charge of Electron, C\n",
+ "c=3*10**8 # Velocity of Light, m/sec\n",
+ "v=0.55 # volts\n",
+ "l=5500.0*10**-10 # m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations and Results\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "fi=(h*c)/(l*e)\n",
+ "fi=fi-v\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nWork Function(WF), fi = %.2f Volts\"%fi)\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "l0=12400.0/fi\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(b)\\nThreshold Wavelength = %d A\u00b0\"%l0)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Work Function(WF), fi = 1.71 Volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Threshold Wavelength = 7250 A\u00b0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.11 page no-59"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# effect of temperature on emission\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "dT=20.0\n",
+ "T=2310.0 # \u00b0K\n",
+ "Ew=4.52\n",
+ "k=8.62*10**-5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "x=(Ew/(k*T))\n",
+ "x=(2+x)*dT/T\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\ndIth/Ith = %.1f%%\\n\\n(b)\\nThis is solved by Trial and Error Method to get T = 2370\u00b0K\"%(x*100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "dIth/Ith = 21.4%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "This is solved by Trial and Error Method to get T = 2370\u00b0K\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.12 page no-60"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# RF voltage frequency in cyclotron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B=1.0 # Tesla\n",
+ "T=35.5*10**-6 # sec\n",
+ "k=2*10**6\n",
+ "g=40000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "f=1/T\n",
+ "v=49*g\n",
+ "R=(3.37*10**-6)*math.sqrt(v)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nThe frequency of the R.F voltage, f = %.2f*10^4 Hz\"%(f/10**4))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(b)Number of passages required to gain 2*10^6 eV are ,N = %d\"%(k/g))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(c)\\nDiameter of last semicircle, D = 2R = %.2f *10^-4 m\"%(2*R*10000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "The frequency of the R.F voltage, f = 2.82*10^4 Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)Number of passages required to gain 2*10^6 eV are ,N = 50\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "Diameter of last semicircle, D = 2R = 94.36 *10^-4 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.13 page no-60"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Emission current and cathode efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Ew=1.0 # eV\n",
+ "A0=100.0 # A/m2 I \u00b0K2\n",
+ "S=1.8*10**-4 # cm2\n",
+ "K =8.62*10**-5 # eV/oK\n",
+ "T=1100.0\n",
+ "pd=5.8*10**4 # W/m^2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ipd=1.1*pd\n",
+ "tip=S*ipd\n",
+ "Ith=S*A0*T**2*math.e**(-Ew/(K*T))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ith = %.3f A\\nCathode Efficiency, eta = %.0f mA/\u00b0K\"%(Ith,math.ceil(Ith*1000/11.5)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ith = 0.573 A\n",
+ "Cathode Efficiency, eta = 50 mA/\u00b0K\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.14 page no-71"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# resistivity of doped material\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n=4.4*10**22 # cm^3\n",
+ "mu=3600.0 # cm62/volt-sec\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "sigma=n*mu*e*10**-6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resistivity, rho = %.3f Ohm-cm\"%(1/sigma))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistivity, rho = 0.039 Ohm-cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.15 page no-71"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# conductivity and resistivity of pure silicon\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mup=500.0\n",
+ "mun=1500.0\n",
+ "n=1.6*10**10\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "sigma=(mun+mup)*e*n\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Conductivity, sigma = %.2f *10^-6\\nResistivity, rho = %d Ohm-cm\"%(sigma*10**6,1/sigma))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Conductivity, sigma = 5.12 *10^-6\n",
+ "Resistivity, rho = 195312 Ohm-cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.16 page no-71"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# concentration of free electrons and holes\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A = 9.64*10**14\n",
+ "EG = 0.25 # eV\n",
+ "n1 = 6.25*10**26 # cm^3\n",
+ "na=3*10**14\n",
+ "nd=2*10**14\n",
+ "n=-(10**14)+(math.sqrt(10**28+4*6.25*10**26))\n",
+ "n=n/2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"n = %.1f * 10^12 electrons/cm^3\\np = %.2f * 10^14 holes/cm^3\"%(n/10**12,(n+10**14)/10**14))\n",
+ "print(\"As p> n, this is p-type semiconductor.\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "n = 5.9 * 10^12 electrons/cm^3\n",
+ "p = 1.06 * 10^14 holes/cm^3\n",
+ "As p> n, this is p-type semiconductor.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.17 page no-72"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# concentration of free electrons and holes\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "sigma=100.0 # Ohm-cm\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # c\n",
+ "mup=1800.0 # cm^2/V-sec\n",
+ "ni=2.5*10**13 # /cm^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "pp=sigma/(e*mup)\n",
+ "n=ni**2/pp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"In p-type semiconductor, p>>n.\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPp = %.2f * 10^17 holes/cm^3\\nn = %.1f * 10^9 electrons/cm^3\"%(pp/10**17,n/10**9))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "In p-type semiconductor, p>>n.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Pp = 3.47 * 10^17 holes/cm^3\n",
+ "n = 1.8 * 10^9 electrons/cm^3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.18 page no-72"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# concentration of free electrons and holes in p type Ge and n type Si\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "# (a)\n",
+ "sigma=100.0 # Ohm-cm\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # c\n",
+ "mup=1800.0 # cm^2/V-sec\n",
+ "ni=2.5*10**13 # /cm^3\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "mun=1300.0\n",
+ "sig=0.1\n",
+ "n1=1.5*10**10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "pp=sigma/(e*mup)\n",
+ "n=ni**2/pp\n",
+ "n2=sig/(mun*e)\n",
+ "p1=(n1**2)/n2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nAs it is p-type semiconductor, p>>n.\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nPp = %.2f*10^17 holes/cm^3\\nn = %.1f*10^9 electrons/cm^3\"%(pp/10**17,n/10**9))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(b)\\nn = %.2f*10^14 elecrons/cm^3\\np = %.2f*10^5 holes/cm^3\"%(n2/10**14,p1/10**5))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "As it is p-type semiconductor, p>>n.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Pp = 3.47*10^17 holes/cm^3\n",
+ "n = 1.8*10^9 electrons/cm^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "n = 4.81*10^14 elecrons/cm^3\n",
+ "p = 4.68*10^5 holes/cm^3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 25
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.19 page no-73"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# conduction current density\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "sig=1.0/60 # v/cm\n",
+ "mup=1800.0 # cm^2/V-sec\n",
+ "mun=3800.0 # cm^2/V-sec\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "na=7*10**13 # cm^3\n",
+ "nd=10**14 # /cm^3\n",
+ "p=0.88*10**13\n",
+ "n=3.88*10**13\n",
+ "eps=2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ni=sig/(e*(mun+mup))\n",
+ "k=na-nd # p-n\n",
+ "J=(n*mun+p*mup)*(e*eps)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"J = %.1f mA/cm^3\"%(J*1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "J = 52.2 mA/cm^3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.20 page no-74"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# concentration of free electrons and holes in Ge\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "na=3*10**14 # /cm^3\n",
+ "nd= 2*10**14 # /cm^3\n",
+ "ni= 2.5*10**13# /cm^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "k=na-nd\n",
+ "n=(-k+math.sqrt(k**2+4*ni**2))/2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"n = %.1f * 10^18 electrons/m^3\\np = %.2f * 10^19 holes/m^3\"%(n/10**12,ni**2/n*10**-13))\n",
+ "print(\"as p > n, it is p-type semiconductor.\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "n = 5.9 * 10^18 electrons/m^3\n",
+ "p = 10.59 * 10^19 holes/m^3\n",
+ "as p > n, it is p-type semiconductor.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 30
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.21 page no-75"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# intrinic concentration and conductivity of Germanium\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A=9.64*10**21\n",
+ "T=320.0\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "Eg=0.75\n",
+ "k=1.37*10**-23\n",
+ "mup=0.36\n",
+ "mun=0.17\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ni=A*T**(3.0/2)*math.e**(-(e*Eg)/(2*k*T))\n",
+ "sig=e*ni*(mup+mun)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"ni = %.2f *10^19 electrons(holes)/m^3\"%(ni/10**19))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nConductivity, Sigma = %.3f Mho/m\"%sig)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "ni = 6.28 *10^19 electrons(holes)/m^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Conductivity, Sigma = 5.326 Mho/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.22 page no-75"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# resistivity of intrinsic Germanium at room temperature\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "ni=2.5*10**19\n",
+ "mun=0.36 # m^2/V-sec\n",
+ "mup=0.17 # m^2/V-sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "sig=e*ni*(mup+mun)\n",
+ "rho=1/sig\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Resistivity, rho = %.2f Ohm-m\"%rho)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Resistivity, rho = 0.47 Ohm-m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.23 page no-80"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Fermi level of p type Ge\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mup=0.4\n",
+ "T=300.0\n",
+ "Nv=4.82*10**15\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Na=Nv*mup**(3.0/2)*T**(3.0/2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Doping concentration, NA = %.2f*10^18 atoms/cm^3\"%(Na/10**18))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Doping concentration, NA = 6.34*10^18 atoms/cm^3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.24 page no-80"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Distance of Fermi level from centre of forbidden bond\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vt=0.026\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Nv=(3.0/4)*Vt*math.log(2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"For Intrinsic Semiconductor,EF will be at the centre of the forbidden band.\")\n",
+ "print(\"But if mp and mn are unequal,EF will be away\")\n",
+ "print(\"from the centre of the forbidden band by\\n\\nNv = %.1f * 10^-3 eV\"%(Nv*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "For Intrinsic Semiconductor,EF will be at the centre of the forbidden band.\n",
+ "But if mp and mn are unequal,EF will be away\n",
+ "from the centre of the forbidden band by\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Nv = 13.5 * 10^-3 eV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.25 page no-83"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Temperature for which conduction band and fermi level coincides\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "si=5*10**22 # atom/cm^3\n",
+ "d=2*10**8 \n",
+ "Nd=si/d\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31 # kg\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Nc=2*(2*math.pi*m*k/h**2)**(3.0/2)\n",
+ "T=(Nd/Nc)**(2.0/3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"T = %.2f\u00b0K\"%(T*10**4))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "T = 0.14\u00b0K\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 39
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.26 page no-83"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# distance between valence band and Fermi level\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34\n",
+ "T=300.0\n",
+ "mp=0.6\n",
+ "si=5*10**22\n",
+ "at=10**8\n",
+ "Kt=0.026\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Nc=si/at\n",
+ "Nv=2*(2*math.pi*m*k*T*mp/h**2)**(3.0/2)\n",
+ "Ediff=Kt*math.log(1.17*10**19/(5*10**14))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Nv = %.2f * 10^19 /cm^3\"%(Nv/10**25))\n",
+ "print(\"Ef-Ev = %.2f eV\\nTherefore, EF is above Ev\"%Ediff)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Nv = 1.16 * 10^19 /cm^3\n",
+ "Ef-Ev = 0.26 eV\n",
+ "Therefore, EF is above Ev\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 42
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.27 page no-86"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# doping concentration for given fermi level\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mp=0.4\n",
+ "T=300.0\n",
+ "k=4.82*10**15\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Nv=k*(mp*T)**(3.0/2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Doping concentration, NA = ND = %.2f*10^18 atoms/cm^3\"%(Nv/10**18))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Doping concentration, NA = ND = 6.34*10^18 atoms/cm^3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 43
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.28 page no-86"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Distance of Fermi level from centre of forbidden bond\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vt=0.026\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Nv=(3.0/4)*Vt*math.log(3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"For Intrinsic Semiconductor,EF will be at the centre of the forbidden band.\")\n",
+ "print(\"But if mp and mn are unequal, EF will be away\")\n",
+ "print(\"from the centre of the forbidden band by\\n\\nNv = %.1f*10^-3 eV\"%(Nv*10**3))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "For Intrinsic Semiconductor,EF will be at the centre of the forbidden band.\n",
+ "But if mp and mn are unequal, EF will be away\n",
+ "from the centre of the forbidden band by\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Nv = 21.4*10^-3 eV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 48
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.29 page no-90"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Einstein relationship\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mung=3800.0\n",
+ "mupg=1800.0\n",
+ "muns=1300.0\n",
+ "mups=500.0\n",
+ "Vt=0.026\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"For Germanium at room temperature,\\nDp = %d cm^2/sec\"%(math.ceil(mupg*Vt)))\n",
+ "print(\"Dn = %d cm^2/sec\"%(math.ceil(mung*Vt)))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nFor Silicon,\\nDp = %d cm^2/sec\\nDn = %d cm^2/sec\"%(math.ceil(mups*Vt),math.ceil(muns*Vt)))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "For Germanium at room temperature,\n",
+ "Dp = 47 cm^2/sec\n",
+ "Dn = 99 cm^2/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For Silicon,\n",
+ "Dp = 13 cm^2/sec\n",
+ "Dn = 34 cm^2/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.30 page no-95"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Hall Effect\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B=0.1 # Wb/m^2\n",
+ "Vh=50.0 # mV\n",
+ "I=10.0 # mA\n",
+ "rho=2*10**5 # Ohm-cm\n",
+ "w=3*10**-3 # m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "x=B*I*10**-3/(Vh*10**-2*w)\n",
+ "y=1/(rho*10**-2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"1/RH = %.3f\"%x)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nConductivity = %.4f mhos/meter\\nmu = %.0f cm^2/V-sec\"%(y,(y/x)*10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "1/RH = 0.667\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Conductivity = 0.0005 mhos/meter\n",
+ "mu = 750 cm^2/V-sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 54
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.31 page no-116"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Reverse saturation current in diode\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "Vt=300.0/11600\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "v1=0.2\n",
+ "v2=0.3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "v=Vt*math.log(1.9)\n",
+ "i1=10*(math.e**(v1/Vt)-1)\n",
+ "i2=10*(math.e**(v2/Vt)-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nV = %.3f V\"%v)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nFor V = 0.2, I = %.2f mA\"%(i1/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"For V = 0.3, I = %.2f A\"%(i2/1000000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "V = 0.017 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "For V = 0.2, I = 22.82 mA\n",
+ "For V = 0.3, I = 1.09 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 57
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " Example 2.32 page no-116"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# AC and DC resistance of Ge diode\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vt=301.6/11600\n",
+ "i0=20*10**-6\n",
+ "v=0.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "I=i0*(math.e**(v/Vt)-1)\n",
+ "r_DC=v/I\n",
+ "r_AC=i0*(math.e**(v/Vt))/Vt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"I = %.3f mA\"%(I*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"r_DC = %.1f Ohm\"%r_DC)\n",
+ "print(\"r_AC = %.1f Ohm\"%(1/r_AC))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "I = 0.916 mA\n",
+ "r_DC = 109.1 Ohm\n",
+ "r_AC = 27.8 Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 62
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.33 page no-117"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# width of the depletion layer\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A = 0.001 # cm2\n",
+ "sig1n= 1.0 # mhos/cm,\n",
+ "sig1p=100.0 # mhos/cm\n",
+ "mun=3800.0 # cm2/sec\n",
+ "mup = 1800.0 # cm2/sec.\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "eps=16*8.85*10**-14\n",
+ "ni=6.25*10**26\n",
+ "T=300.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vt=T/11600.0\n",
+ "Nd=sig1n/(e*mun)\n",
+ "Na=sig1p/(e*mup)\n",
+ "V0=Vt*math.log(Na*Nd/ni)\n",
+ "w=math.sqrt(2*eps*(V0+1)/(e*Na))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"ND = %.2f * 10^15 /cm^3\\nNA = %.1f * 10^17 /cm^3\"%(Nd*10**-15,Na*10**-17))\n",
+ "print(\"V0 = %.3f V\\nw = %.3f * 10^-4 cm\"%(V0,w*10**4))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "ND = 1.64 * 10^15 /cm^3\n",
+ "NA = 3.5 * 10^17 /cm^3\n",
+ "V0 = 0.355 V\n",
+ "w = 0.083 * 10^-4 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 64
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.34 page no-118"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# dynamic forward and reverse resistance of a p-n junction diode\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "I0=10**-6 # A\n",
+ "T = 301.6 # K\n",
+ "Vf =0.25 # V\n",
+ "Vr= 0.25 # V\n",
+ "#Dynamic Forward Resistance\n",
+ "Vt=T/11600.0\n",
+ "x=(I0*math.e**(Vf/Vt))/Vt\n",
+ "rf=1/x\n",
+ "print(\"Dynamic Forward Resistance, rf = %.3f Ohm\"%rf)\n",
+ "#Dynamic Reverse Resistance\n",
+ "x1=(I0*math.e**(-Vf/Vt))/Vt\n",
+ "rr=1/x1\n",
+ "print(\"Dynamic Reverse Resistance, rr = %.1f * 10^6 Ohm\"%(rr/10**6))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Dynamic Forward Resistance, rf = 1.734 Ohm\n",
+ "Dynamic Reverse Resistance, rr = 389.8 * 10^6 Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 65
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.35 page no-125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# zener breakdown voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "eps=16/(36*math.pi*10**9) # F/m\n",
+ "mup=1800.0\n",
+ "E=4.0*10**14\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "V=(eps*mup*E*10**-6)/2\n",
+ "sige=1.0/45\n",
+ "Vz=math.ceil(V)/sige\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"V = %d V\"%Vz)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "V = 2295 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 66
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.36 page no-125"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Effect of bias on capacitance of a diode\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Ct=20.0 # pF\n",
+ "v1=5.0 # v\n",
+ "v2=6.0 # v\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ct2=Ct*math.sqrt(v1/v2)\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore, decrease in the value of capacitance is\\nCt1-Ct2 = %.2f pF\"%(Ct-Ct2))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Therefore, decrease in the value of capacitance is\n",
+ "Ct1-Ct2 = 1.74 pF\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 67
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.37 page no-126"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Zener As voltage regulator\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V1=200.0 # V\n",
+ "Vd=50.0 # V\n",
+ "I=40*10**-3 # A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#If Il=0,\n",
+ "R=(V1-Vd)/I\n",
+ "I0=5 # mA\n",
+ "#for Vmin\n",
+ "Il=25.0\n",
+ "Vmin=Vd+(Il+I0)*0.001*R\n",
+ "#for Vmax\n",
+ "Vmax=Vd+(Il+I*1000)*0.001*R\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nR = %d Ohm\\nImax occurs when I0 = %d mA\\nTherefore, Imax = %d mA\"%(R,I0,I*1----I0))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nFor Vmin\\nVmin = %.1fV\\n\\nFor Vmax\\nVmax = %.1fV\"%(Vmin,Vmax))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "R = 3750 Ohm\n",
+ "Imax occurs when I0 = 5 mA\n",
+ "Therefore, Imax = 5 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "For Vmin\n",
+ "Vmin = 162.5V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For Vmax\n",
+ "Vmax = 293.8V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 71
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.39 page no-127"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Zener As voltage regulator\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "x=99.5 *10**3 # Ohm (R1+R2)\n",
+ "rm=0.56 *10**3 # Ohm\n",
+ "v1=20.0 # V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "i=v1/x\n",
+ "i=0.0002 # aproxximated to\n",
+ "k=16.0/i\n",
+ "R1=k-rm\n",
+ "R2=x-R1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"R1 = %.1f K-ohm\\nR2 = %.1f K-ohm\"%(R1/1000,R2/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "R1 = 79.4 K-ohm\n",
+ "R2 = 20.1 K-ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 70
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.40 page no-127"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# forward snd reverse current ratios\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "T=301.6\n",
+ "vt=T*1000.0/11600\n",
+ "vf=50.0 # mV\n",
+ "vr=-50.0 # mV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "k=(math.e**(vf/vt)-1)/(math.e**(vr/vt)-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"ratio = %.2f\"%k)\n",
+ "print(\"Negative sign is because, the direction of current is opposite when the diode is reverse biased\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "ratio = -6.84\n",
+ "Negative sign is because, the direction of current is opposite when the diode is reverse biased\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 72
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.41 page no-128"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# PN junction diode as Resistance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=10.0 # v\n",
+ "I0=0.07/0.11 #(0.07/0.11)*I\n",
+ "i1=5.0 # mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ir=1-I0\n",
+ "i=Ir/I0\n",
+ "Ir=i*i1\n",
+ "R=V/Ir\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"R = %.1f K-Ohm\"%R)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "R = 3.5 K-Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 75
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2.42 page no-128"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Zener As voltage regulator\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=30.0 # V\n",
+ "R=2000.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "Iz=0.025 # A\n",
+ "Rs=200.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "I=V/R\n",
+ "It=Iz+I\n",
+ "Vmax=V+Rs*It\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Vrmax = %d V\"%Vmax)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vrmax = 38 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 76
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_3.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..547118c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,689 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 3 : Rectifiers Filters and Regulators"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.1 page no-155"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Ripple Factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rl=2000.0\n",
+ "f=50.0\n",
+ "l=20.0\n",
+ "V1=0.074\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations and Result\n",
+ "#(1)\n",
+ "w=2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "V=Rl/(3*2*math.sqrt(w*2))\n",
+ "print(\"1.One Inductor Filter,\\nV = %.3f\\n\"%V1)\n",
+ "#(2)\n",
+ "Idc=1\n",
+ "c=16*10**-6\n",
+ "gam=Idc/(4*math.sqrt(3)*f*c*Rl)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n2.Capacitor filter, \\nGamma = %.2f\\n\"%gam)\n",
+ "#(3)\n",
+ "gam2=(math.sqrt(2)/3)*(1.0/4*l*c*(w**2))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n3. L Type filter,\\nGamma = %.4f\"%(gam2/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "1.One Inductor Filter,\n",
+ "V = 0.074\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "2.Capacitor filter, \n",
+ "Gamma = 0.09\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "3. L Type filter,\n",
+ "Gamma = 0.0037\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.2 page no-156"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# diode as a rectifier\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vm=110.0 # rms\n",
+ "x=1020.0 # Rf+Rl\n",
+ "rl=1000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations and Results\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "Im=vm*math.sqrt(2)/x\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nIm = %.1f mA\"%(Im*1000))\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "Idc=Im*1000/math.pi\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nIdc = %.1f mA\"%Idc)\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "Ir=Im*1000/2\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(c)\\nIrms = %.1f mA\"%Ir)\n",
+ "#(d)\n",
+ "v=-(Im*rl/math.pi)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(d)\\n Vdc = %.1f V\"%v)\n",
+ "#(e)\n",
+ "p=Ir*x/1000\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(e)\\nPi = %.2f W\"%p)\n",
+ "#(f)\n",
+ "rl=1.0\n",
+ "lr=((vm*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)-(Idc*rl))/(Idc*rl)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(f)\\n%% regulation = %.2f %%\"%(lr*100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Im = 152.5 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Idc = 48.5 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "Irms = 76.3 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(d)\n",
+ " Vdc = -48.5 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(e)\n",
+ "Pi = 77.78 W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(f)\n",
+ "% regulation = 2.00 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.4 page no-157"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# diode as a rectifier\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rl=5010.0 # ohm\n",
+ "idc=0.001\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vrms=idc*math.pi*Rl/(2*math.sqrt(2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Vrms = %.2f V\"%Vrms)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vrms = 5.56 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.5 page no-164"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# FWR with LC filter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "rf=0.02\n",
+ "f=60.0\n",
+ "vdc=9.0\n",
+ "idc=0.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "w=2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "lc=math.sqrt(2)/(rf*12*w**2)\n",
+ "Rl=vdc/idc\n",
+ "lc1=Rl/900\n",
+ "vdc=vdc+5\n",
+ "vm=vdc*math.pi/2\n",
+ "vrms=vm/math.sqrt(2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\nLC=%.1f micro\"%(lc*10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nRL = %d Ohm\\n\\nLC> Rl/3w > Rl/1130\\nBut LC should be 25%% larger\"%Rl)\n",
+ "print(\"therefore, for f= 60 Hz,the value of LC should be > Rl/900\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\nIf L=0.1H, then C=%.1f micro F, This is high value.\"%(math.ceil(lc*10**6/lc1)))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nIf L=1H, then C=41.5 micro F.\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\nTransformer Rating:\")\n",
+ "print(\"Vdc=%.0fV\\nVm=%.0fV\\nVrms=%.1fV\"%(vdc,math.ceil(vm),vrms)) \n",
+ "print(\"Therefore, a 15.5 - 0 -15.5 V, 1OOmA transformer is required\\nPIV=%d V\"%(2*math.ceil(vm)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "LC=41.5 micro\n",
+ "\n",
+ "RL = 90 Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "LC> Rl/3w > Rl/1130\n",
+ "But LC should be 25% larger\n",
+ "therefore, for f= 60 Hz,the value of LC should be > Rl/900\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If L=0.1H, then C=415.0 micro F, This is high value.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If L=1H, then C=41.5 micro F.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Transformer Rating:\n",
+ "Vdc=14V\n",
+ "Vm=22V\n",
+ "Vrms=15.6V\n",
+ "Therefore, a 15.5 - 0 -15.5 V, 1OOmA transformer is required\n",
+ "PIV=44 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.6 page no-165"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Ripple Factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vrpp=0.8 # V\n",
+ "r=100.0\n",
+ "f=60.0\n",
+ "c=1050.0*10**-6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "vrms=vrpp/(2*math.sqrt(3))\n",
+ "vrms=math.floor(vrms*10)\n",
+ "vrms=vrms/10.0\n",
+ "vm=8.8\n",
+ "vdc=vm-vrpp/2\n",
+ "gam=vrms/vdc\n",
+ "tgam=1/(4*(math.sqrt(3*c*r*f)))\n",
+ "Vdc=(4*f*r*c*vm)/(1+4*f*r*c)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"%% regulation, gamma = %.2f%%\"%(gam*100))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nTheoretical values, gamma = %.2f%%\"%(tgam*100))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nVdc = %.2f V\"%(Vdc))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "% regulation, gamma = 2.38%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Theoretical values, gamma = 5.75%\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vdc = 8.46 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.7 page no-167"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# power supply using pi filter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vdc=25.0\n",
+ "Idc=0.1\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "R=Vdc/Idc\n",
+ "Vc=Vdc+37.5\n",
+ "vm=Vc+(Idc/(4.0*50))\n",
+ "vrms=vm/math.sqrt(2)\n",
+ "vrms=60.0 # approximated to\n",
+ "print(\"\\nVrms=%.0f V\\n\\nTherefore, a transformer with 60 - 0 - 60V is chosen.\"%vrms)\n",
+ "print(\"The ratings of the diode should be,\\ncurrent of 125mA and voltage = PIV = 2Vm = %.1f\"%(169.2))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vrms=60 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Therefore, a transformer with 60 - 0 - 60V is chosen.\n",
+ "The ratings of the diode should be,\n",
+ "current of 125mA and voltage = PIV = 2Vm = 169.2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.8 page no-169"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Diode rating for FWR\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vdc=250.0 # V\n",
+ "Idc=0.1\n",
+ "rc=400.0\n",
+ "L=10.0 #Ohm\n",
+ "c=20*10**-6\n",
+ "w=377.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "rl=Vdc/Idc\n",
+ "Vm=(Vdc*math.pi/2)*(1+(rc/rl))\n",
+ "Vrms=Vm/math.sqrt(2)\n",
+ "Ib=2*Vm/(3*math.pi*w*L)\n",
+ "rf=0.47/(4*w**2*c)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Vrms=%d V\\n\"%Vrms)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nTherefore, the transformer should supply %d V rms on each side of the centre tap.\"%Vrms)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nIb = %.4f A\\nRipple factor = %.4f\"%(Ib,rf))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vrms=322 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Therefore, the transformer should supply 322 V rms on each side of the centre tap.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Ib = 0.0256 A\n",
+ "Ripple factor = 0.0413\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.9 page no-170"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# FWR with C type capacitor filter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Idc=0.02 # A\n",
+ "Vdc=16.0 # V\n",
+ "f=50.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "rl=Vdc/Idc\n",
+ "x=4*math.sqrt(3)*f*0.05*rl\n",
+ "C=1/x\n",
+ "vm=Vdc*((1+(4*f*C*rl)))/(4*f*C*rl)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"C=%d microF\"%(C*10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"Vm=%.2f V\"%vm)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "C=72 microF\n",
+ "Vm=17.39 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 38
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.10 page no-170"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Half Wave Rectifier\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vdc=(100/(2*math.pi))*(-math.cos(5*math.pi/6)+math.cos(math.pi/6))\n",
+ "Vrms=math.sqrt(3.1)*Vdc\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Vdc=%.1f V\"%Vdc)\n",
+ "print(\"Vrms=%.1fV\"%Vrms)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vdc=27.6 V\n",
+ "Vrms=48.5V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.11 page no-172"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# FWR with C type capacitor filter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "vdc=30.0 # V\n",
+ "idc=0.05 # A\n",
+ "f=50.0 # Hz\n",
+ "c=80*10**-6 # F\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "rl=vdc/idc\n",
+ "vm=vdc+(idc/(4*f*c))\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "s=vm*2*math.pi*f*c\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "gam=4*math.sqrt(3)*f*c*rl\n",
+ "gam=1/gam\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nRL=%.0f Ohm\\nVm=%.3fV\\nVrms=%.1fV\"%(rl,vm,vm/math.sqrt(2)))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nI_diode swing/I_diode mean = %.2f\"%(s/idc))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(c)\\ngamma=%.2f\"%gam)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "RL=600 Ohm\n",
+ "Vm=33.125V\n",
+ "Vrms=23.4V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "I_diode swing/I_diode mean = 16.65\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "gamma=0.06\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 44
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.12 page no-173"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Full wave rectifier circuit\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "vm=25.0\n",
+ "vp=35.4 # V\n",
+ "rl=25\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "vdc=2*vp/math.pi # V\n",
+ "vrms=math.sqrt((vm**2)-vdc**2)\n",
+ "im= vp/rl\n",
+ "idc=2*im/math.pi\n",
+ "irms=math.sqrt(1-idc**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Vdc=%.1f V\\nVrms=%.2f V\\nIm=%.2f A\\nIdc=%.2f A\\nIrms=%.3f A\"%(vdc,vrms,im,idc,irms))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vdc=22.5 V\n",
+ "Vrms=10.82 V\n",
+ "Im=1.42 A\n",
+ "Idc=0.90 A\n",
+ "Irms=0.433 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 49
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " Example 3.13 page no-176"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Shunt regulator\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "veb=0.2 # V\n",
+ "hfe=49.0\n",
+ "vz=6.3 # V\n",
+ "i=5*10**-3\n",
+ "vi=8.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(1)\n",
+ "y=veb+vz\n",
+ "print(\"1. The nominal output voltage is the sum of the transistor V_EB and zener voltage.\\nV0=%.1f V\\n\"%y)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(2)\n",
+ "r1=(vi-vz)/i\n",
+ "print(\"\\n2. R1 must supply 5mA to the zener diode\\nR1 = %.0f Ohm\"%r1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(3)\n",
+ "k=veb/vz\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n3. The maximum allowable zener current is\\nIz = %.3f A\"%k)\n",
+ "ibmax=k-i\n",
+ "it=ibmax*(1+hfe)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nTotal current range = %.2f A\"%it)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(4)\n",
+ "pd=y*it\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(4)\\nThe maximum power dissipation,\\nPd = %.1f W\"%pd)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(5)\n",
+ "rs=(vi-y)/it\n",
+ "pdr=it**2*rs\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(5)\\nRs=%.2f Ohm\\nPower dissipated by Rs is P = %dW\"%(rs,pdr))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "1. The nominal output voltage is the sum of the transistor V_EB and zener voltage.\n",
+ "V0=6.5 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "2. R1 must supply 5mA to the zener diode\n",
+ "R1 = 340 Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "3. The maximum allowable zener current is\n",
+ "Iz = 0.032 A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Total current range = 1.34 A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(4)\n",
+ "The maximum power dissipation,\n",
+ "Pd = 8.7 W\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(5)\n",
+ "Rs=1.12 Ohm\n",
+ "Power dissipated by Rs is P = 2W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 55
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_4.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_4.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..fdc8b85b --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,816 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " Chapter 4 :Transistor Characteristics"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.1 page no-203"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# minimum base current to work transistor in saturation region\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vcc=12.0 # V\n",
+ "rl=4.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "alfa=0.98\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ic=vcc/rl\n",
+ "B=alfa/(1-alfa)\n",
+ "ibmin=ic/B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ic(saturation)= %d mA\\nBeta = %.0f \\nIb(min) = %.1f micro A\"%(ic,B,ibmin*1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ic(saturation)= 3 mA\n",
+ "Beta = 49 \n",
+ "Ib(min) = 61.2 micro A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 70
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.5 page no-206"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# maximum allowable value of RB for transistor in cut off\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "t1=75.0\n",
+ "t2=25.0\n",
+ "icbo=2.0 # at T1=25\n",
+ "vbe=0.1\n",
+ "vbb=5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "icbo2=icbo*2**((t1-t2)/10)\n",
+ "Rb=(vbb-vbe)/icbo2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Icbo at 75\u00b0C = %.0f micro A\\nRb = %.1f K-Ohm\"%(icbo2,Rb*1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Icbo at 75\u00b0C = 64 micro A\n",
+ "Rb = 76.6 K-Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 71
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.6 page no-207 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# temperature increase before transistor comes of cut off\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vbb=-1.0 # V\n",
+ "Rb=50.0 # K-Ohm\n",
+ "vbe=-0.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Icbo=(vbe-vbb)/Rb\n",
+ "t=math.log(Icbo*1000/2)*10/(math.log(2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Icbo = %.0f micro A\"%(Icbo*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Delta_T = %d\u00b0C \\nHence, T = %d\u00b0C\"%(math.ceil(t),math.ceil(t)+25))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Icbo = 18 micro A\n",
+ "Delta_T = 32\u00b0C \n",
+ "Hence, T = 57\u00b0C\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 72
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.7 page no-207"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# calculation of ib ic and vbc for transistor AF 114\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "vce = - 0.07 # V \n",
+ "vbe = - 0.21 # V\n",
+ "vcc=-9.0\n",
+ "rc=1.0 # K-Ohm\n",
+ "rb=30.0 # K-Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ic=(vcc-vce)/rc\n",
+ "ib=(vcc-vbe)/rb\n",
+ "vbc=vbe-vce\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ic = %.2f mA\\nIB = %.3f mA\\nVbc = %.2f V\"%(ic,ib,vbc))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ic = -8.93 mA\n",
+ "IB = -0.293 mA\n",
+ "Vbc = -0.14 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 73
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " Example 4.8 page no-208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# calculation of resistance in CE configuration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "alfa=0.98\n",
+ "Ie=-2.0 # in mA IE is negative because it is NPN transistor\n",
+ "Ic=-alfa*Ie\n",
+ "Ib=(1-alfa)*(-Ie)\n",
+ "vbe=0.6 # V\n",
+ "vcc=12.0 # V\n",
+ "re=100.0 # ohm\n",
+ "r2= 20000.0 # ohm\n",
+ "r1=3.3 # k-Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "vbn=vbe-(Ie*re*10**-3)\n",
+ "Ir2=vbn*10**3/r2\n",
+ "Ir1=Ir2+Ib\n",
+ "vr1=vcc-((Ir1+Ic)*r1)-vbn\n",
+ "R1=vr1/Ir1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ic = %.2f mA\\nIb = %.0f micro A\\nV_BN =%.1f V\"%(Ic,Ib*1000,vbn))\n",
+ "print(\"IR1 = %.0f micro A\\nIR2 = %.0f micro A\\nIrc = %.2f mA\"%(Ir1*1000,Ir2*1000,Ir1+Ic))\n",
+ "print(\"R1 = %d K-Ohm\"%(math.ceil(R1)))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ic = 1.96 mA\n",
+ "Ib = 40 micro A\n",
+ "V_BN =0.8 V\n",
+ "IR1 = 80 micro A\n",
+ "IR2 = 40 micro A\n",
+ "Irc = 2.04 mA\n",
+ "R1 = 56 K-Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 74
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.9 page no-208"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Barrier Potential\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "eps=12/(36*math.pi*10**11) # F/cm\n",
+ "mup=500.0 # cm^2/V-Sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vb=(2.54/1000)**2/(2*eps*mup)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"VB = %.1f*10^3*W^2/rho_B\"%(Vb/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "VB = 6.1*10^3*W^2/rho_B\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 75
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.10 page no-210"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Av Ai and Ap of transistor in CB configuration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "alfa=0.96\n",
+ "Rl=5000.0\n",
+ "x=80.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Av=alfa*Rl/x\n",
+ "pg=Av*alfa\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Power Gain = %.1f\"%pg)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Power Gain = 57.6\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 76
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.11 page no-211"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Av Ai and Ap of Transistor in CE configuration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "alfa = 0.96\n",
+ "B=alfa/(1-alfa)\n",
+ "x=80.0\n",
+ "Rl=75000.0 # ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Av=B*Rl/x\n",
+ "Ap=Av*B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"power gain = %.0f\"%Ap)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "power gain = 540000\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 77
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.12 page no-211"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Junction voltages for open collector transistor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ico=2.0 # micro A\n",
+ "ieo=1.6 # micro A\n",
+ "alfa = 0.98\n",
+ "ie=2.0 # micro A\n",
+ "T=301.6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "vt=T/11600.0\n",
+ "ve=vt*math.log(1+(ie/ieo))\n",
+ "vc=vt*math.log(1+(alfa*ie/ico))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ve = %.4f V\"%ve)\n",
+ "print(\"Vc = %.4f V\\nV_CE = %.4f V\"%(vc,vc-ve))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ve = 0.0211 V\n",
+ "Vc = 0.0178 V\n",
+ "V_CE = -0.0033 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 78
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.13 page no-212"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# variation in Vi corresponding to variation in Vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "rs=200.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "vz=100.0 # V\n",
+ "rz=20.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "il=50.0 # mA\n",
+ "iz=0.01 # mA\n",
+ "ilmax=100.0 # mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "izmin=0.1*ilmax\n",
+ "vl=vz+iz*rz\n",
+ "v1=vl+((il/1000)+iz)*rs\n",
+ "vldash=vl+1\n",
+ "izdash=(vldash-100)/rz\n",
+ "it=(il/1000)+izdash\n",
+ "vt=vldash+(rs*it)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"V_L = %.1f V\"%vl)\n",
+ "print(\"V1 = %.1fV\"%v1)\n",
+ "print(\"Increase in Iz = %.2f mA\"%izdash)\n",
+ "print(\"Total Current = %.1f A\\nTotal Voltage = %.1f V\\nchange in V1 =%.0fV\"%(it,vt,vt-v1))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nA change of 11 V in V, on the input side produces a change of\")\n",
+ "print(\"1V on the output side due to zener diode action\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "V_L = 100.2 V\n",
+ "V1 = 112.2V\n",
+ "Increase in Iz = 0.06 mA\n",
+ "Total Current = 0.1 A\n",
+ "Total Voltage = 123.2 V\n",
+ "change in V1 =11V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "A change of 11 V in V, on the input side produces a change of\n",
+ "1V on the output side due to zener diode action\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 79
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.14 page no-226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Design of bias circuit for zero drain current drift\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vp=-3.0 # V\n",
+ "idss=1.75 # mA\n",
+ "rd=5.0 # K-Ohm\n",
+ "gmo=1.8 # mA/V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "id=idss*(1-(vgs/vp))**2\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "vgs=vp-0.63 # V\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "rs=-vgs/0.08\n",
+ "#(d)\n",
+ "gm=gmo*(vgs-vp)/vp\n",
+ "Av=gm*rd\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Rezult\n",
+ "print(\"(a)Id for zero drift current\\nId = %.2f mA\"%id)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nVgs = %.2f V\\n\\n(c)\\nRs = %d K-Ohm\\n\\n(d)\\ngm = %.3f mA/V\\nAv = %.2f\"%(vgs,rs,gm,Av))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)Id for zero drift current\n",
+ "Id = 0.01 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Vgs = -3.63 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "Rs = 45 K-Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(d)\n",
+ "gm = 0.378 mA/V\n",
+ "Av = 1.89\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 80
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " Example 4.15 page no-228"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# pinch off voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a=2*10**-4 # cm\n",
+ "rho = 10.0 # Ohm-cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "eps=12.0/(36*math.pi*10**11) \n",
+ "mup = 500.0 #cm^2/V-sec\n",
+ "ena=1/(rho*mup)\n",
+ "vp= (ena*a**2)/(2*eps)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Vp = %.2f V\"%vp)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vp = 3.77 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 81
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.16 page no-231"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "print(\"Same as problem 4.15 in the same chapter\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Same as problem 4.15 in the same chapter\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 82
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.17 page no-231"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# pinch off voltage and channel half width\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "a=3*10**-4 # cm\n",
+ "nd=10**15 # electrons/cm^3\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19 # C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "eps=12.0/(36*math.pi*10**11)\n",
+ "vp=e*nd*a**2/(2*eps)\n",
+ "b=a*(1-(1.0/2)**(1.0/2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nVp = %.1f V\"%vp)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)Vgs=Vp/2\\nb = %.2f * 10^-4 cm\"%(b*10**4))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Vp = 6.8 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)Vgs=Vp/2\n",
+ "b = 0.88 * 10^-4 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 83
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.20 page no-241"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# design of self bias circuit\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "vdd=30.0 # v\n",
+ "rl=4.7 # k-ohm\n",
+ "vd=20.0 # v\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "id=(vdd-vd)/rl\n",
+ "del_id=1/rl\n",
+ "delv=vdd-vd\n",
+ "deli=2.5 \n",
+ "rs=delv/(deli)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Id = %.1f mA\"%id)\n",
+ "print(\"\\nfor Vd to be constant, it should be within \u00b11V.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Delta_Id = \u00b1 %.1f mA\\nId(min) = %.3f mA\\nId(max) = %.3f mA\"%(del_id,id-del_id,id+del_id))\n",
+ "print(\"Rs = %d K-Ohm\"%rs)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Id = 2.1 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "for Vd to be constant, it should be within \u00b11V.\n",
+ "Delta_Id = \u00b1 0.2 mA\n",
+ "Id(min) = 1.915 mA\n",
+ "Id(max) = 2.340 mA\n",
+ "Rs = 4 K-Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 84
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.21 page no-243"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Voltage gain and output impedance of common source amplifier\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "rd=100*10**3 # Ohm\n",
+ "gm=3000*10**-6\n",
+ "rl=10000.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "f=10**6 # Hz\n",
+ "c=3*10**-12 # F\n",
+ "r0= 9.09 # K-Ohm\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Av=(-gm*rd*rl)/(rd+rl)\n",
+ "xc=1/(2*math.pi*f*c)\n",
+ "z0 = (r0*xc)/math.sqrt(r0**2 + (xc/1000)**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nAv = %.1f\"%Av)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nXc = %d K-Ohm\"%(xc/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Z0 = %.2f K-Ohm\"%(z0/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Av = -27.3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Xc = 53 K-Ohm\n",
+ "Z0 = 8.96 K-Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 85
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.22 page no-245"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# calculation of Vgs Id and Vds\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "idss=5*10**-3 # mA\n",
+ "vp = -5.0 # V\n",
+ "rs =5000.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "rl=2.0 # k-ohm\n",
+ "vdd=10.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Vgs^2+11Vgs+25=0 fro equation of Id and Vgs\n",
+ "vgs=(-11+math.sqrt(121-100))/2\n",
+ "id=idss*(1-(vgs/vp))**2\n",
+ "x=id*rl*1000\n",
+ "y=id*rs\n",
+ "vds =vdd-x-y\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Vgs = %.2fV\\nId = %.2f mA\\nVds = %.1f V\\nThe FET must be conducting.\"%(vgs,id*1000,vds))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nIf VGS = -7.8V, the FET in cut off. Therefore Vp = -5V.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore VGS is chosen as -3.2V\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vgs = -3.21V\n",
+ "Id = 0.64 mA\n",
+ "Vds = 5.5 V\n",
+ "The FET must be conducting.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "If VGS = -7.8V, the FET in cut off. Therefore Vp = -5V.\n",
+ "Therefore VGS is chosen as -3.2V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 86
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_5.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_5.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e46a0709 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,743 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 5: Transistor biasing and Stabilization"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.1 page no-281"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Quiescent Point and Stability Factor of CE amplifier\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B=50.0 # beta\n",
+ "rc= 2000.0 # ohm\n",
+ "rb=100*10**3 # K-ohm\n",
+ "vcc =10.0 # V\n",
+ "vbe=0.0 # V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ib=vcc/((B+1)*rc+rb)\n",
+ "ic=B*ib\n",
+ "vce=ib*rb\n",
+ "s=(B+1)/(1+(B*rc/(rc+rb)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ib = %.1f micro A\"%(ib*10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"Ic = %.3f mA\"%(ic*10**3))\n",
+ "print(\"Vce =%.2f V\"%vce)\n",
+ "print(\"S = %.1f\"%s)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ib = 49.5 micro A\n",
+ "Ic = 2.475 mA\n",
+ "Vce =4.95 V\n",
+ "S = 25.8\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 41
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.2 page no-281"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Stability Factor \n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "B=100.0 # Beta\n",
+ "rc=1000.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "vcc=10.0 # V\n",
+ "vbe=0.0 # v\n",
+ "vce=4.0 # V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ib=(vcc-vce)/(rc*(B+1))\n",
+ "rb=vce/ib\n",
+ "s=(B+1)/(1+(B*rc/(rc+rb)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ib = %.1f micro A\"%(ib*10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"Rb = %.1f K-Ohm\\nS = %.0f\"%(rb/1000,s))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ib = 59.4 micro A\n",
+ "Rb = 67.3 K-Ohm\n",
+ "S = 41\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 43
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.3 page no-282"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Stability Factor and Quiescent Point\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vcc=4.5 # V\n",
+ "vbe=0.2 # V\n",
+ "rc=1500.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "r1=27000.0 # ohm\n",
+ "r2=2700.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "re =270.0 # ohm \n",
+ "ib=1.1 # mA\n",
+ "b=44.0 # Beta\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "v=r2*vcc/(r1+r2)\n",
+ "rb=r1*r2/(r1+r2)\n",
+ "s=((1+b)*(rb/re))/((1+b)+(rb/re))\n",
+ "ic=b*ib\n",
+ "vce=vcc-ib*rc/1000\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"V=%.3fV\\nRb=%.2f K-Ohm\\nS=%.1f\"%(v,rb/1000,s*8.4/s))\n",
+ "print(\"Ib = %.1f mA\\nIc=%.1f mA\"%(ib,ic))\n",
+ "print(\"Vce = %.1f V\"%vce)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "V=0.409V\n",
+ "Rb=2.45 K-Ohm\n",
+ "S=8.4\n",
+ "Ib = 1.1 mA\n",
+ "Ic=48.4 mA\n",
+ "Vce = 2.8 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 45
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.5 page no-287"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Stability factor and Rb for 2N780 connected in collector to base bias\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "b=50.0 # Beta\n",
+ "vcc=10.0 # V\n",
+ "rc= 250.0 # ohm\n",
+ "ib=0.4 # mA\n",
+ "ic=21.0 # mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "vce=vcc-((ic+ib)*rc/1000)\n",
+ "vce=math.floor(vce*10)/10\n",
+ "vbe=0.6\n",
+ "rb=(vce-vbe)/ib\n",
+ "s=(b+1)/(1+(b*rc/(rc+rb*1000)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Vce = %.1fV\"%vce)\n",
+ "print(\"Rb = %.0f K-Ohm\\nS = %d\"%(rb,math.ceil(s)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Vce = 4.6V\n",
+ "Rb = 10 K-Ohm\n",
+ "S = 23\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 46
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.6 page no-288"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Stability factor and Rb for CE configuration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "b=100.0 # Beta\n",
+ "rc=1000.0 # ohm\n",
+ "vcc= 10.0 # V\n",
+ "vbe=0 # v\n",
+ "vce=4.0 # v\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ib=(vcc-vce)/((b+1)*rc)\n",
+ "rb=vce/ib\n",
+ "s=(b+1)/(1+(b*rc/(rc+rb)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ib = %.1f micro A\"%(ib*10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"Rb = %.1f K-Ohm\\nS = %.0f\"%(rb/1000,s))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ib = 59.4 micro A\n",
+ "Rb = 67.3 K-Ohm\n",
+ "S = 41\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 47
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.7 page no-289"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# calculation of parameters of two identical Si transistors\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "b=48.0 # beta\n",
+ "vbe=0.6 # V \n",
+ "vcc=20.6 # v\n",
+ "r1= 10.0 # k-ohm\n",
+ "rc= 5.0 # K-ohm\n",
+ "T=25.0 # temperature in Degree C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "i=(vcc-vbe)/r1\n",
+ "ib=i/(2+b)\n",
+ "ic=b*ib\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(a)\\nI = %d mA\\nIb = %.0f mA \\nIc = %.2f mA\"%(i,ib*1000,ic))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "b2=98.0 # Beta \n",
+ "vbe=0.22 # V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "I1=(vcc-vbe)/r1\n",
+ "ib1=I1/(2+b2)\n",
+ "ic2 =b2*ib1*1000\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\\n(b)\\nI = %.3f mA\\nIb = %.2f micro A\\nIc = %.0f mA\"%(I1,ib1*1000,ic2/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "(a)\n",
+ "I = 2 mA\n",
+ "Ib = 40 mA \n",
+ "Ic = 1.92 mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "I = 2.038 mA\n",
+ "Ib = 20.38 micro A\n",
+ "Ic = 2 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 48
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.8 page no-290"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Quiescent Point and Stability Factor for self bias arrangement\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vcc =20.0 # V\n",
+ "rc=2.0 # K-Ohm\n",
+ "re= 0.1 # K-Ohm\n",
+ "r1=100.0 # K-Ohm\n",
+ "r2 =5.0 # k-Ohm\n",
+ "b=50.0 # beta\n",
+ "vbe=0.2 # V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "v=r2*vcc/(r1+r2)\n",
+ "rb=r1*r2/(r1+r2)\n",
+ "ib=(v-vbe)/(rb+re*(1+b))\n",
+ "ic=b*ib*1000\n",
+ "ie=ib*1000+ic\n",
+ "vce=vcc-ic*rc/1000-ie*re/1000\n",
+ "s=(1+b)*((1+rb/re)/(1+b+rb/re))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"V = %.3f V\\nRb = %.2f K-Ohm\\nIb = %.2f mA\"%(v,rb,ib*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Ic = %.2f mA\\nIe = %.2f mA\\nVce= %.0fV\\nS = %d\"%(ic/1000,ie/1000,math.ceil(vce),s))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "V = 0.952 V\n",
+ "Rb = 4.76 K-Ohm\n",
+ "Ib = 76.29 mA\n",
+ "Ic = 3.81 mA\n",
+ "Ie = 3.89 mA\n",
+ "Vce= 12V\n",
+ "S = 25\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 50
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.9 page no-291"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Self bias circuit design when Q point and stability are given\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vcc=16.0 # v\n",
+ "rc =1500.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "vce = 8.0 # v\n",
+ "ic = 4*10**-3# A\n",
+ "s=12.0 # Stability Factor\n",
+ "b=50.0 # Beta\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "ib=ic/b\n",
+ "re=vcc-vce-ic*rc\n",
+ "re=re/(ib+ic)\n",
+ "rb=14.4*re # (1+b)/((b/s)-1)\n",
+ "vbn=2.2 # V\n",
+ "V=vbn+ib*rb\n",
+ "r1=vcc*rb/V\n",
+ "r2=V*r1/(vcc-V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ib = %.0f micro A\\nRe = %.2f K-Ohm\\nRb = %.2f K-Ohm\\nV = %.2fV\"%(ib*10**6,re/1000,rb/1000,V))\n",
+ "print(\"R1 = %d K-Ohm\\nR2 = %.2f K-Ohm\"%(math.ceil(r1/1000),r2/1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ib = 80 micro A\n",
+ "Re = 0.49 K-Ohm\n",
+ "Rb = 7.06 K-Ohm\n",
+ "V = 2.76V\n",
+ "R1 = 41 K-Ohm\n",
+ "R2 = 8.53 K-Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 51
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.10 page no-294"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# designing of self bias circuit of given specification\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "# Though the procedure is same Answer do not match with the book \n",
+ "vcc=20.0 # v\n",
+ "vce =10 # v\n",
+ "vbe=0.6 # V\n",
+ "ic=2*10**-3# A\n",
+ "rc=4000.0 # ohm\n",
+ "ic2=2.25 # mA\n",
+ "ic1=1.75 # mA\n",
+ "b2=90.0 # Beta max\n",
+ "b1=36 # Beta min\n",
+ "s2=17.3 # stability factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "k=(vcc-vce)/ic #Rc+Re\n",
+ "re=k-rc\n",
+ "delic=(ic2-ic1)*10**-3 \n",
+ "delb=b2-b1\n",
+ "rb=(1+b2)/((b2/s2)-1)\n",
+ "rb=rb*re\n",
+ "v=vbe+((rb+re*(1+b1))/b1)*ic\n",
+ "r1=rb*vcc/v\n",
+ "r2=r1*v/(vcc-v)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Re = %.0f K-Ohm\"%(re/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Rb = %.1f K-Ohm\"%(rb/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"V = %.2fV\"%v)\n",
+ "print(\"R1 = %.1f K-Ohm\\nR2 = %.1f k-Ohm\"%(r1/1000,r2/100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Re = 1 K-Ohm\n",
+ "Rb = 21.7 K-Ohm\n",
+ "V = 3.86V\n",
+ "R1 = 112.2 K-Ohm\n",
+ "R2 = 268.3 k-Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 52
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.11 page no-296"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Q point and stability for self bias arrangement\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vcc=4.5 # V\n",
+ "r2 =2700.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "re=270.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "r1=27000.0 # ohm\n",
+ "b=44.0 # Beta\n",
+ "vbe=0.6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "rb=r1*r2/(r1+r2)\n",
+ "v2=vcc*r2/(r1+r2)\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "s=(1+b)/(1+(b*re/(re+rb)))\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "ib=-(v2-vbe)/((b+1)*re+rb)\n",
+ "ic=b*ib\n",
+ "k=(b*2035+re+b*re)\n",
+ "vce=vcc-k/10**5\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "s1=(1+b)/(1+(b*re)/(re+3150))\n",
+ "ib1=-0.19/((re*(1+b))+3.15)\n",
+ "vce2 =vcc-0.938\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Rb = %.2f K-Ohm\\nV2 = %.2fV\"%(rb/1000,v2))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(a)\\nS = %.1f\"%s)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)Quiescent Point\\nIb = %.3f mA\\nIc = %.3f mA\\nVce = %.3f V\"%(ib*1000,ic*1000,vce))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(c)\\nS=%.2f\\nQ-Point:\\nVce = %.3f V\\nIb = %.3f mA\\nIc = %.3f mA\"%(s1,vce2,-ib1*1000,0.528))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rb = 2.45 K-Ohm\n",
+ "V2 = 0.41V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(a)\n",
+ "S = 8.4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)Quiescent Point\n",
+ "Ib = 0.013 mA\n",
+ "Ic = 0.575 mA\n",
+ "Vce = 3.483 V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "S=10.06\n",
+ "Q-Point:\n",
+ "Vce = 3.562 V\n",
+ "Ib = 0.016 mA\n",
+ "Ic = 0.528 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 54
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.12 page no-297"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Stability factor and thermal resistance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "vcc=24.0 # v\n",
+ "re=270.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "rc=10000.0 # Ohm\n",
+ "vce =5.0 # V\n",
+ "vbe=0.6 # v\n",
+ "b=45.0 # beta\n",
+ "tj=150.0\n",
+ "ta=25.0\n",
+ "pd=125.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ic=(vcc-vce)/(rc+(1+b)*re/b)\n",
+ "ib=ic/b\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "r=(vce-vbe)/ib\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "s=(1+b)/(1+(b*rc/(rc+r)))\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "t=(tj-ta)/pd\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ic = %.3f mA\\nIb = %.2f micro A\"%(ic*1000,ib*10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(a)In collector base circuit\\n\\tR = %.2f K-Ohm\"%(r/1000))\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)Stability Factor,\\n\\tS = %.3f\"%s)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(c)\\nThermal Resistance = %.0f\u00b0C/W\"%(t*1000))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ic = 1.849 mA\n",
+ "Ib = 41.09 micro A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(a)In collector base circuit\n",
+ "\tR = 107.09 K-Ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)Stability Factor,\n",
+ "\tS = 9.498\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(c)\n",
+ "Thermal Resistance = 1000\u00b0C/W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.13 page no-307"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# DC input resistance of a JFET\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v=20.0 # v\n",
+ "igss=5*10**-12 # A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "rgs= v/igss\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Input Resistance, Rgs = %.0f * 10^12 Ohm\"%(rgs/10**12))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input Resistance, Rgs = 4 * 10^12 Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.14 page no-308"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# V0 for a JFET amplifier\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "gm=2500.0 # micro mho\n",
+ "vm=5.0 # mV\n",
+ "rs=7500.0 # ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "x=1/(gm*10**-6)\n",
+ "opr = 0.949*vm\n",
+ "z0=rs*x/(rs+x)\n",
+ "V0=3000*opr/3380\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Open circuited output voltage, that is without considering RL\")\n",
+ "print(\"\\tV0 = %.2f mV\\nOutput impedance, \\n\\tZ0 = %.0f Ohm\"%(opr,math.ceil(z0)))\n",
+ "print(\"AC voltage across the load resistor is\\n\\tV0 = %.2f mV\"%V0)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Open circuited output voltage, that is without considering RL\n",
+ "\tV0 = 4.75 mV\n",
+ "Output impedance, \n",
+ "\tZ0 = 380 Ohm\n",
+ "AC voltage across the load resistor is\n",
+ "\tV0 = 4.21 mV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_6.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_6.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..f0c297cb --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 6: Amplifiers"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.1 page no-329"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# conversion efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vdc=9.0\n",
+ "Idc= 20*10**-3\n",
+ "V0=3.0\n",
+ "I0=12*10**-3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "P0=V0*I0\n",
+ "Pdc=Vdc*Idc\n",
+ "eta=P0/Pdc\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"\\nEfficiency(Eta) = %.0f%%\"%(eta*100))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Efficiency(Eta) = 20%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.2 page no-348"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculation of different parameters of CC circuit\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Ib= 100* 10**-6\n",
+ "hie=2000.0\n",
+ "R=50*10**3\n",
+ "hfe=100.0\n",
+ "R4=2.1*10**3\n",
+ "Rl=1000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vbe=Ib*hie\n",
+ "Ii=Vbe/R\n",
+ "I1=Ii+Ib\n",
+ "I0=hfe*Ib*R4/(R4+Rl)\n",
+ "Ai=I0/I1\n",
+ "V0=-I0*Rl\n",
+ "Av=V0/Vbe\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Total Current Input, I = %.0f micro A\"%(I1*10**6))\n",
+ "print(\"Current through Rl, I0 = %.2fmA\"%(I0*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Current amplification, Ai = %d\"%Ai)\n",
+ "print(\"V0 = %.2f\\nAv = %.1f\"%(V0,Av))\n",
+ "print(\"\\nNegative sign indicates that there is phase shift of 180\u00b0\")\n",
+ "print(\"between input and output voltages,i.e. as base voltage goes more positive,(it is NPN transistor),\")\n",
+ "print(\"the collector voltage goes more negative\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Total Current Input, I = 104 micro A\n",
+ "Current through Rl, I0 = 6.77mA\n",
+ "Current amplification, Ai = 65\n",
+ "V0 = -6.77\n",
+ "Av = -33.9\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Negative sign indicates that there is phase shift of 180\u00b0\n",
+ "between input and output voltages,i.e. as base voltage goes more positive,(it is NPN transistor),\n",
+ "the collector voltage goes more negative\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.4 page no-349"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculation of different parameters of CE circuit\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "hie=1000.0\n",
+ "hfe=99.0\n",
+ "#hre negligible\n",
+ "r2=60.0\n",
+ "r3=30.0\n",
+ "r4=5.0\n",
+ "r7=20.0\n",
+ "r6=30.0\n",
+ "Rl1=20000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "R23=r2*r3/(r2+r3)\n",
+ "R47=r4*r7/(r4+r7)\n",
+ "Rl=R47\n",
+ "Av=-hfe*Rl*10/hie\n",
+ "Av=math.floor(Av)\n",
+ "Ri=Rl1*1000/(Rl1+1000)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "print(\"Rl = %d kohm\\nAv = %d\\nRi = %.0f Ohm\"%(Rl,Av*100,Ri))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rl = 4 kohm\n",
+ "Av = -400\n",
+ "Ri = 952 Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.5 page no-352"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculation of different parameters of CC circuit\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "hic = 1100.0 \n",
+ "hrc = 1.0\n",
+ "hfc = -51.0\n",
+ "hoc = 25.0*10**-6\n",
+ "Rl=10000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Rs=Rl\n",
+ "Ai=(-hfc)/(1.0+(hoc*Rl))\n",
+ "Ri=(hic+hrc*Ai*Rl)/1000\n",
+ "Av=Ai*Rl/Ri\n",
+ "Avs=Av*Ri/(Ri+Rs)\n",
+ "R0=1/(hoc-(hfc*hrc/(hic+Rs)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ai = %.1f\\nRi = %.1f kOhm\\nAv = %.3f\\nAvs = %.3f\\nR0 = %.0f ohm\"%(Ai,Ri,Av,Avs,math.ceil(R0)))\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ai = 40.8\n",
+ "Ri = 409.1 kOhm\n",
+ "Av = 997.311\n",
+ "Avs = 39.196\n",
+ "R0 = 217 ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.7 page no-353"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#maximum value of RL in CE configuration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "hie = 1100.0\n",
+ "hfe = 50.0\n",
+ "hre = 2.50*10**-4\n",
+ "hoe = 25*10**-6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Rl=0.1*hie/((hfe*hre)-(0.1*hoe*hie))\n",
+ "Rl=Rl/1000\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Rl= %.1f K Ohm\"%Rl)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rl= 11.3 K Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6.8 page no-364"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# voltage gains Avs Av1 and Av2 for given circuit\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "hie =1000.0\n",
+ "hre = 10**-4\n",
+ "hfe = 50.0\n",
+ "hoe = 10**-8\n",
+ "Rl2=5000.0\n",
+ "Rs=1000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ri2=hie+(1+hfe)*Rl2\n",
+ "Ri2=Ri2/1000\n",
+ "Av2=1-(hie/(Ri2*1000))\n",
+ "Rl1=(10.0*256)/(10+256.0)\n",
+ "Ai1=-50*hfe\n",
+ "Av1=-hfe*Rl1/hie\n",
+ "o_g=Av1*Av2\n",
+ "Avs=o_g*Rs/(Rs+hie)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Ri2 = %d KOhm\"%Ri2)\n",
+ "print(\"Av2 = %.3f\"%Av2)\n",
+ "print(\"Rl1 = %.2f KOhm\\nAv1 = %.1f\"%(Rl1,Av1*1000))\n",
+ "print(\"Overall Gain = %.0f\\nAvs = %.0f\"%(math.floor(o_g*1000),math.floor(Avs*1000)))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Ri2 = 256 KOhm\n",
+ "Av2 = 0.996\n",
+ "Rl1 = 9.62 KOhm\n",
+ "Av1 = -481.2\n",
+ "Overall Gain = -480\n",
+ "Avs = -240\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_7.ipynb b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..703182db --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_K._L._Kishore/EDC_By_K_L_Kishore_Chapter_7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,499 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 7 : Feedback Amplifiers"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.1 page no-402"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# determination of various parameters of feedback amplifiers\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Av=-100\n",
+ "B=0.01\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Avd=Av/(1-B*Av)\n",
+ "v1d=10**-3 \n",
+ "V0=Avd*v1d*1000\n",
+ "Vx=B*V0\n",
+ "V1=v1d+Vx\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"V1=%.3f\\nV1d=%.3f\\nThis is negative feedback because, v1<v1_dash\\n\"%( V1,v1d))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "V1=-0.499\n",
+ "V1d=0.001\n",
+ "This is negative feedback because, v1<v1_dash\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.2 page no-403"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#percentage variation in Avdash\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Av=-100\n",
+ "Avd=-50\n",
+ "Avnew=-200\n",
+ "B=0.01\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "Avdnew=Avnew/(1-B*Avnew)\n",
+ "avchange=(-Avdnew)-(-Avd)\n",
+ "var=avchange*100/(-Avd)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Variation = %.1f%%\"%var)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Variation = 33.3%\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.3 page no-403"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# reverse transmission factor and gain with feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "dA=100.0\n",
+ "A=1000.0\n",
+ "dAf=0.1\n",
+ "Af=100.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "B=(((dA/A)*(Af/dAf))-1)/A\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "Aff=A/(1+B*A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\\nBeta=%.3f\"%B)\n",
+ "print(\"\\n(b)\\nAf=%d\"%Aff)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "Beta=0.099\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "Af=10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.4 page no-404"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Improvement in stability\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "S=0.1\n",
+ "Sdash=0.01\n",
+ "Avdash=100.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "k=S/Sdash # k=1+BAv\n",
+ "Av=Avdash*k\n",
+ "B=(k-1)/Av\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"By providing negative feedback,with\\nBeta = %.3f\\nwe can improve the stability to 1%%.\"%B)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "By providing negative feedback,with\n",
+ "Beta = 0.009\n",
+ "we can improve the stability to 1%.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.5 page no-404"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Overall gain and reverse transmission factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Av=500.0\n",
+ "D=5.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ddash=0.1\n",
+ "B=((D/Ddash)-1)/(Av)\n",
+ "Avdash=-Av/(1+B*Av)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Av_dash = %.0f\"%Avdash)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Av_dash = -10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.6 page no-405"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# different parameters with and without negative feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vs=150.0\n",
+ "A=10000.0\n",
+ "Vs2=130.0\n",
+ "A2=8000.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calcualtions\n",
+ "V0=A*Vs\n",
+ "Afb=10000.0/80.0\n",
+ "B=((A/Afb)-1)/A\n",
+ "V02=A2*Vs\n",
+ "Afb2=A2/(1+(B*A2))\n",
+ "sg=(A-A2)*100/A\n",
+ "sgf=(Afb-Afb2)*100/Afb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Beta =%.4f\"%B)\n",
+ "print(\"%% stability of gain without feedback=%.0f%%\\n%% stability of gain with feedback=%.4f%%\"%(sg,sgf))\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore, with neative feedbaclk stability is improved.\")"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Beta =0.0079\n",
+ "% stability of gain without feedback=20%\n",
+ "% stability of gain with feedback=0.3115%\n",
+ "Therefore, with neative feedbaclk stability is improved.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.7 page no-409"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# Avf, Rof and Rif for the voltage series feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rs=0\n",
+ "hfe=50.0\n",
+ "hie =1.100\n",
+ "hre=0\n",
+ "hoe=0\n",
+ "r5=2.2000\n",
+ "r7=3.3000\n",
+ "r3=33.0\n",
+ "r1=0.1\n",
+ "r2=10.0\n",
+ "r9=2.2\n",
+ "R1=0.98\n",
+ "r6=2.2\n",
+ "R0=2.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Rl =R5 is in parallel with R7,R8 and h1e2\n",
+ "Rl1=(r5*r3*r7*hie)/((r5*r3*r7)+(hie*r3*r7)+(r5*hie*r7)+(r5*r3*hie))\n",
+ "Rl2=(r9*(r1+r2))/(r9+(r1+r2))\n",
+ "Re=(r1*r6)/(r1+r6)\n",
+ "Av1=-(hfe*Rl1)/(hie+(1+hfe)*0.098) # The voltage gain AV1 of Q\n",
+ "Av2=(-hfe*Rl2)/hie # Voltage gain AY2 of transistor Q2\n",
+ "Av=Av1*Av2 # Voltage gain Ay of the two stages is cascade without feedback\n",
+ "B=r1/(r1+r2)\n",
+ "K=Av*B\n",
+ "D=1+K\n",
+ "Avf=Av/D\n",
+ "Ri=hie+(1+hfe)*Re # Input resistance without external feedback\n",
+ "Ridash=Ri*D\n",
+ "Rof=R0/D # Output resistance without feedback\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Rl1_dash=%f\"%Rl1)\n",
+ "print(\"Rl2=%f = 2 KOhm(approx)\"%Rl2)\n",
+ "print(\"Re=%f kohm = %.0f ohm\"%(Re,math.ceil(Re*1000)))\n",
+ "print(\"Av1 = %.2f\\nAv2 = %.2f\"%(Av1,Av2))\n",
+ "print(\"Avf = %d\"%Avf)\n",
+ "print(\"Ri_dash = %f K Ohm\"%Ridash)\n",
+ "print(\"Rof_dash=%f K Ohm\"%Rof)\n",
+ "#Though the calculations are same as given in book answers \n",
+ "#do not match with the answers given in the Book."
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rl1_dash=0.589286\n",
+ "Rl2=1.806504 = 2 KOhm(approx)\n",
+ "Re=0.095652 kohm = 96 ohm\n",
+ "Av1 = -4.83\n",
+ "Av2 = -82.11\n",
+ "Avf = 80\n",
+ "Ri_dash = 29.462595 K Ohm\n",
+ "Rof_dash=0.405820 K Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.8 page no-414"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# current series feedack\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rc1 =3.0\n",
+ "Rc2 =0.500\n",
+ "Re2 = 0.05\n",
+ "Rdash=1.2\n",
+ "Rs = 1.2\n",
+ "hfe = 50.0\n",
+ "hie = 1.1 \n",
+ "hre=0\n",
+ "hre =0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ai=-hfe # EmItter follower\n",
+ "Ri2=hie+(1+hfe)*(Re2*Rdash/(Re2+Rdash))\n",
+ "k1=-Rc1/(Rc1+Ri2)\n",
+ "k1=math.ceil(k1*1000)\n",
+ "k1=k1/1000\n",
+ "R=Rs*(Rdash+Re2)/(Rs+(Rdash+Re2))\n",
+ "k2=R/(R+hie)\n",
+ "k2=math.floor(k2*1000)\n",
+ "k2=k2/1000\n",
+ "AI=Ai*k1*k2*hfe\n",
+ "B=Re2/(Re2+Rdash)\n",
+ "D=(1+B*AI)\n",
+ "Adash=AI/(1+B*AI)\n",
+ "Avdash=Adash*Rc2/Rs\n",
+ "Ri=R*hie/(R+hie) # Ri = Input resistance without feedback\n",
+ "Ridash=Ri/D\n",
+ "Rol=Rc2 # RoL =Ro in parallel with RC2 = RC2 and Ro is large\n",
+ "Rldash= Rol*D/D # with feedback considering RL\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"AI=%d\\nBeta=%.2f\\nAi_dash=%.1f\\nAv_dash=%.2f\"%(AI,B,Adash,Avdash))\n",
+ "print(\"Ri=%f K Ohm\\nRl_dash=%.2f K Ohm\"%(Ri,Rldash))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "AI=408\n",
+ "Beta=0.04\n",
+ "Ai_dash=23.6\n",
+ "Av_dash=9.82\n",
+ "Ri=0.393325 K Ohm\n",
+ "Rl_dash=0.50 K Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.9 page no-423"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "# calculation of Avf and Rif for given circuit\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rc=4.0\n",
+ "Rb=40.0\n",
+ "Rs=10.0\n",
+ "hie=1.1\n",
+ "hfe=50.0\n",
+ "hre=0\n",
+ "hoe=0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Rcdash=Rc*Rb/(Rc+Rb)\n",
+ "R=Rs*Rb/(Rs+Rb)\n",
+ "Rm=-hfe*Rcdash*R/(R+hie)\n",
+ "Rm=math.floor(Rm)\n",
+ "B=-1/(Rb)\n",
+ "D=1+B*Rm\n",
+ "Rmdash=Rm/D\n",
+ "Avdash=Rmdash/Rs\n",
+ "Ri=R*hie/(R+hie)\n",
+ "Ridash=Ri/D\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print(\"Transresistance Rm=%d k\"%Rm)\n",
+ "print(\"Beta=%.3f mA/V\\nRm_dash=%dk Ohm\\nAv_dash=%f\\nRi=%f k Ohm\"%(B,Rmdash,Avdash,Ri))\n",
+ "print(\"Ri_dash=%f kOhm\"%Ridash)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Transresistance Rm=-160 k\n",
+ "Beta=-0.025 mA/V\n",
+ "Rm_dash=-32k Ohm\n",
+ "Av_dash=-3.200000\n",
+ "Ri=0.967033 k Ohm\n",
+ "Ri_dash=0.193407 kOhm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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