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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 24 : Fiber Optics"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 3 : pg 888"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The core diameter is 4.18746666667e-06 m\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    " \n",
+    "# page no 888\n",
+    "# prob no 24.3\n",
+    "#calculate the core diameter\n",
+    "#given\n",
+    "NA=0.15;\n",
+    "wl=820*10**-9;#in m\n",
+    "#calculations\n",
+    "d_core=2*(0.383*wl/NA);\n",
+    "#results\n",
+    "print 'The core diameter is',d_core,'m'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4 : pg 890"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The maximun distance that can be use between repeaters is 5.88 km\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    " \n",
+    "# page no 890\n",
+    "# prob no 24.4\n",
+    "#calculate the max distance\n",
+    "#given\n",
+    "Bl=500;#in MHz-km\n",
+    "B=85.;#in MHz\n",
+    "#calculations\n",
+    "# By using Bandwidth-distance product formula\n",
+    "l=Bl/B;\n",
+    "#results\n",
+    "print 'The maximun distance that can be use between repeaters is',round(l,2),'km'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 5 : pg 891"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The total dispersion is 948.95 ps\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    " \n",
+    "# page no 891\n",
+    "# prob no 24.5\n",
+    "#calculate the total dispersion\n",
+    "#given\n",
+    "wl0=1310.;#in ns\n",
+    "So=0.05;#in ps/(nm**2*km)\n",
+    "l=50.;#in km\n",
+    "wl=1550.;#in ns\n",
+    "d=2.;#in nm\n",
+    "#calculations\n",
+    "# Chromatic dispersion is given as\n",
+    "Dc=(So/4)*(wl-(wl0**4/wl**3));\n",
+    "# Dispersion is\n",
+    "D=Dc*d;\n",
+    "# Therefore total dispersion is \n",
+    "dt=D*l;\n",
+    "#results\n",
+    "print 'The total dispersion is',round(dt,2),'ps'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 6 : pg 893"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The bandwidth distance product is 26343519494.2 Hz-km\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    " \n",
+    "# page no 893\n",
+    "# prob no 24.6\n",
+    "#given\n",
+    "#calculate the bandwidth distance product\n",
+    "#Refer problem 24.5\n",
+    "dt=949*10**-12;#in sed\n",
+    "l=50.;#in km\n",
+    "#calculations\n",
+    "B=1/(2*dt);\n",
+    "#By using Bandwidth-distance product formula\n",
+    "Bl= B*l;\n",
+    "#results\n",
+    "print 'The bandwidth distance product is',Bl,'Hz-km'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7 : pg 899"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "a) The proportion of input power emerging at port 2 is 10.0 %\n",
+      "b) The proportion of input power emerging at port 3 is 10.0 %\n",
+      "Directivity is 40 dB\n",
+      "the excess loss is 6.99 dB\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    " \n",
+    "# page no 899\n",
+    "# prob no 24.7\n",
+    "#calculate the directivity, power, excess loss\n",
+    "#given\n",
+    "from math import log10\n",
+    "# refer table from the problem page no 899\n",
+    "P_coupling1 =-3; P_coupling2 = -6; P_coupling3 =-40;# in dB\n",
+    "#calculations and results\n",
+    "#Part a) The proportion of input power emerging at port 2\n",
+    "P2_Pin=10**(P_coupling1/10);\n",
+    "print 'a) The proportion of input power emerging at port 2 is',P2_Pin*100,'%'\n",
+    "P3_Pin=10**(P_coupling2/10);\n",
+    "print 'b) The proportion of input power emerging at port 3 is',P3_Pin*100,'%'\n",
+    "# Part b) In the reverse direction,the signal is 40dB down for all combinations, so\n",
+    "directivity = 40;\n",
+    "print 'Directivity is',directivity,'dB'\n",
+    "Pin_total = P2_Pin + P3_Pin;\n",
+    "# excess loss in dB\n",
+    "loss=-10*log10(Pin_total);\n",
+    "print 'the excess loss is',round(loss,2),'dB'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 8 : pg 901"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The energy of photon in eV is 1.242375 eV\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    " \n",
+    "# page no 901\n",
+    "# prob no 24.8\n",
+    "#calculate the energy of photon\n",
+    "#given\n",
+    "wl=1*10**-6;\n",
+    "c= 3*10**8;\n",
+    "h=6.626*10**-34\n",
+    "#calculations\n",
+    "f=c/wl;\n",
+    "E=h*f;# in Joule\n",
+    "#this energy can be converted into electron-volt. we know 1eV=1.6*10**-19 J\n",
+    "eV=1.6*10**-19 ;\n",
+    "E_ev=E/eV;\n",
+    "#results\n",
+    "print 'The energy of photon in eV is',E_ev,'eV'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 9 : pg 909"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The diode current is 165.0 nA\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    " \n",
+    "# page no 909\n",
+    "# prob no 24_9\n",
+    "#calculate the diode current\n",
+    "#given\n",
+    "# refer fig 24.25\n",
+    "P_in=500;Responsivity=0.33;\n",
+    "#calculations\n",
+    "I_d = P_in * Responsivity;\n",
+    "#results\n",
+    "print 'The diode current is',I_d,'nA'"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.11"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
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+}