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diff --git a/Electric_Power_Distribution_System_Engineering_by_T._Gonen/ch5.ipynb b/Electric_Power_Distribution_System_Engineering_by_T._Gonen/ch5.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..f693d116 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electric_Power_Distribution_System_Engineering_by_T._Gonen/ch5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,429 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:a0679924550ddc56033a5dff0575bafbb69eae69c0974aecc0a708cdad425441" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 5 : Design Considerations of Primary Systems" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.1 Page No : 254" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "from numpy import exp,sqrt\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Z = 0.1+(0.1*1j); #Feeder Impedance per unit\n", + "R = Z.real; #Resismath.tance\n", + "X = Z.imag; #Reacmath.tance\n", + "Vs = 1.; #Sending End Voltage\n", + "Pr = 1.; #Consmath.tant Power Load\n", + "pfr = 0.8; #Power Factor at recieving end\n", + "tr = math.acos(pfr); #Power FActor angle\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "def angle(y): \n", + " return math.degrees(math.atan(y.imag/y.real))\n", + "\n", + "K = (Vs**2)-(2*Pr*(R+(X*(math.atan(tr)))));\n", + "\n", + "Vr = math.sqrt((K/2)*(1+math.sqrt(1-((2*abs(Z)*Pr/(K*pfr))**2)))); #Recieving End Voltage\n", + "C = Pr*(X-(R*math.degrees(math.atan(tr))))/((Vr**2)+(Pr*(R+(X*math.degrees(math.atan(tr))))));\n", + "\n", + "del1 = math.degrees(math.atan(C));\n", + "\n", + "Ir = (Pr/(abs(Vr)*pfr))*exp(-1*math.pi*1j*tr/180) #Recieving End Current\n", + "Is = Ir; #Sending End Current\n", + "Tir = angle(Ir);\n", + "\n", + "Vr1 = Vs-(Z*Ir);\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print 'a) Vr is %g/_%g pu, del is %g degrees, Ir = Is = %g/_%g pu'%(abs(Vr),angle(Vr),del1,abs(Ir),Tir)\n", + "print 'b) Vr is %g/_%g pu, which is almost equal to the previous case.'%(Vr1,angle(Vr1))\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a) Vr is 0.79784/_0 pu, del is -38.3625 degrees, Ir = Is = 1.56673/_-0.643501 pu\n", + "b) Vr is 0.841577/_-10.4293 pu, which is almost equal to the previous case.\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stderr", + "text": [ + "-c:32: ComplexWarning: Casting complex values to real discards the imaginary part\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.2 Page No : 259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Sl = 518.; #Total Load on Lateral\n", + "Sm = 1036.; #Total Load on Main\n", + "Vll = 4.16; #Line to Line voltage\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#Currents in the respective current\n", + "Ilateral = Sl/(math.sqrt(3)*Vll);\n", + "Imain = Sm/(math.sqrt(3)*Vll);\n", + "\n", + "C = 5280.; #Length Consmath.tant\n", + "Ll = 5760./C; #Lateral Length\n", + "Lm = 3300./C; #Main Length\n", + "\n", + "#Consmath.tant for the cables\n", + "Kl = 0.015;\n", + "Km = 0.01;\n", + "\n", + "#Voltage Drop Percents for 3 phase\n", + "VDlateral3 = Ll*Kl*Sl/2;\n", + "VDmain3 = Lm*Km*Sm;\n", + "TVD3 = VDmain3+VDlateral3;\n", + "#Voltage Drop Percents for 1 phase according to Morrisoncfor laterals\n", + "VDlateral1 = VDlateral3*4;\n", + "VDmain1 = VDmain3;\n", + "TVD1 = VDlateral1+VDmain1;\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#CASE B\n", + "#To meet the maximum primary voltage drop criterion of 4.00 percent\n", + "#Conductors with ampacities of 480A and 270A for Main and laterals\n", + "\n", + "#Consmath.tants from the table\n", + "Klb = 0.006;\n", + "Kmb = 0.003;\n", + "\n", + "#Voltage Drop Percents\n", + "VDlateralb = Ll*Klb*Sl/2;\n", + "VDmainb = Lm*Kmb*Sm;\n", + "TVDb = VDmainb+VDlateralb;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print 'a The percent voltage drops at :'\n", + "print 'i 3Phase'\n", + "print 'Lateral End is %g percent'%(VDlateral3)\n", + "print 'Main End is %g percent'%(VDmain3)\n", + "print 'ii 1Phase'\n", + "print 'Lateral End is %g percent'%(VDlateral1)\n", + "print 'Main End is %g percent'%(VDmain1)\n", + "print 'b) Conductors with Ampacities of 480A and 270A are used to find the Percent voltage drop of the \\\n", + "Main and Lateral as %g percent and %g percent respectively'%(VDmainb,VDlateralb)\n", + "print 'The Above Drops meet the required criterion of 4 percent voltage drop'\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a The percent voltage drops at :\n", + "i 3Phase\n", + "Lateral End is 4.23818 percent\n", + "Main End is 6.475 percent\n", + "ii 1Phase\n", + "Lateral End is 16.9527 percent\n", + "Main End is 6.475 percent\n", + "b) Conductors with Ampacities of 480A and 270A are used to find the Percent voltage drop of the Main and Lateral as 1.9425 percent and 1.69527 percent respectively\n", + "The Above Drops meet the required criterion of 4 percent voltage drop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.3 Page No : 263" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "#Terms taken from Example two\n", + "Il = 72.; \n", + "Im = 144.; \n", + "C = 5280.; #Length Consmath.tant\n", + "Ll = 5760./C; #Lateral Length\n", + "Lm = 3300./C; #Main Length\n", + "\n", + "#From Tables\n", + "#Lateral\n", + "rl = 4.13; #Resismath.tance per mile\n", + "xLl = 0.258; #Reacmath.tance per mile\n", + "#Main\n", + "rm = 1.29; #Resismath.tance per mile\n", + "xLm = 0.211; #Reacmath.tance per mile\n", + "pf = 0.9; #Power Factor\n", + "\n", + "Vb = 2400.; #Base Voltage\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#Voltage Drops\n", + "VDlateral = Il*((rl*pf)+(xLl*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))))*Ll/2; \n", + "VDmain = Im*((rm*pf)+(xLm*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))))*Lm;\n", + "\n", + "#Percent Voltage Drop\n", + "perVDlateral = VDlateral*100/Vb;\n", + "perVDmain = VDmain*100/Vb;\n", + "\n", + "TVD = perVDlateral+perVDmain; #Total Percent Voltage drop\n", + "\n", + "#Case B\n", + "#Conductors With Ampacities of 268A and 174A for Main and Laterals\n", + "#From Tables\n", + "#Lateral\n", + "rlb = 1.03; #Resismath.tance per mile\n", + "xLlb = 0.207; #Reacmath.tance per mile\n", + "#Main\n", + "rmb = 0.518; #Resismath.tance per mile\n", + "xLmb = 0.191; #Reacmath.tance per mile\n", + "\n", + "Vb = 2400; #Base Voltage\n", + "#Voltage Drops\n", + "VDlateralb = Il*((rlb*pf)+(xLlb*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))))*Ll/2; \n", + "VDmainb = Im*((rmb*pf)+(xLmb*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))))*Lm;\n", + "\n", + "#Percent Voltage Drop\n", + "perVDlateralb = VDlateralb*100/Vb;\n", + "perVDmainb = VDmainb*100/Vb;\n", + "\n", + "TVDb = perVDlateralb+perVDmainb; #Total Percent Voltage drop\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print 'a The percent voltage drops at :'\n", + "print 'Lateral End is %g percent'%(perVDlateral)\n", + "print 'Main End is %g percent'%(perVDmain)\n", + "\n", + "print 'b) Conductors with Ampacities of 278A and 174A are used to find the Percent voltage drop of \\\n", + "the Main and Lateral as %g percent and %g percent respectively'%(perVDmainb,perVDlateralb)\n", + "print 'The Above Drops meet the required criterion of 4 percent voltage drop'\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a The percent voltage drops at :\n", + "Lateral End is 6.08569 percent\n", + "Main End is 4.35998 percent\n", + "b) Conductors with Ampacities of 278A and 174A are used to find the Percent voltage drop of the Main and Lateral as 1.75389 percent and 1.51958 percent respectively\n", + "The Above Drops meet the required criterion of 4 percent voltage drop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.4 Page No : 265" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Sl = 518.; #Total Load on Lateral\n", + "Sm = 5180.; #Total Load on Main\n", + "Vll = 12.47; #Line to Line voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Currents in the respective current\n", + "Ilateral = Sl/(math.sqrt(3)*Vll);\n", + "Imain = Sm/(math.sqrt(3)*Vll);\n", + "\n", + "C = 5280.; #Length Consmath.tant\n", + "Ll = 5760./C; #Lateral Length\n", + "Lm = 3300./C; #Main Length\n", + "\n", + "#Consmath.tant for the cables\n", + "Km = 0.0008;\n", + "Kl = 0.00175;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#Voltage Drop Percents for 3 phase\n", + "VDlateral = Ll*Kl*Sl/2;\n", + "\n", + "#Due to peculiarity of this new problem, one half of the main has to considered as express feeder and the other connected to a uniformly distributed load of 5180kVA\n", + "VDmain = Lm*Km*Sm*3/4;\n", + "TVD = VDmain+VDlateral;\n", + "\n", + "#Since the inductive reacmath.tance of the line is\n", + "Cd = 12.; #Consmath.tant to find the dismath.tance in terms of feet\n", + "\n", + "#Diameters of the Conductors\n", + "Dmi = 37.;\n", + "Dmn = 53.;\n", + "\n", + "#Drops per mile\n", + "xdi = 0.1213*math.log(Dmi/Cd);\n", + "xdn = 0.1213*math.log(Dmn/Cd);\n", + "\n", + "Dxd = xdn-xdi; #Difference in Drops\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print 'a The percent voltage drops at :'\n", + "print 'Lateral End is %g percent'%(VDlateral)\n", + "print 'Main End is %g percent'%(VDmain)\n", + "\n", + "print 'b The Above Drops meet the required criterion of 4 percent voltage drop'\n", + "print 'c) The Difference in Voltage drop is %g ohm/mile, which is a smaller VD valuue that it really is.'%(Dxd)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a The percent voltage drops at :\n", + "Lateral End is 0.494455 percent\n", + "Main End is 1.9425 percent\n", + "b The Above Drops meet the required criterion of 4 percent voltage drop\n", + "c) The Difference in Voltage drop is 0.0435921 ohm/mile, which is a smaller VD valuue that it really is.\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.5 Page No : 268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Vb = 7200.; #Base Voltage in V\n", + "pf = 0.9; #Power Factor\n", + "Sm = 10360.; #Load on Main Feeder in kVA\n", + "Vll = 12.47; #Line to Line voltage in kV\n", + "Imain = Sm/(math.sqrt(3)*Vll); #Current in Main Feeder\n", + "\n", + "#Note Suffix l means lateral and m means main\n", + "\n", + "Vph = 7.2; #Phase Voltage in kV\n", + "Sl = 2*518.; #Load on Lateral Feeder in kVA\n", + "Ilateral = Sl/Vph; #Current in Laterals\n", + "\n", + "#Length of the Feeder\n", + "#Length Consmath.tant\n", + "Cm = 5280.; #Main\n", + "Cl = 1000.; #Lateral\n", + "Ll = 5760./Cl; #Lateral Length\n", + "Lm = 3300./Cm; #Main Length\n", + "\n", + "#Consmath.tants for the particular cables from the tables\n", + "rl = 0.331;\n", + "xLl = 0.0300;\n", + "rm = 0.342;\n", + "xam = 0.458;\n", + "xdm = 0.1802;\n", + "xLm = xam+xdm;\n", + "\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "#Voltage Drops for Normal Condition\n", + "VDmainn = (Imain/2)*((rm*pf)+(xLm*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))))*Lm/2;\n", + "VDlateraln = (Ilateral/2)*((rl*pf)+(xLl*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))))*Ll/2;\n", + "\n", + "perVDmainn = VDmainn*100/Vb;\n", + "perVDlateraln = VDlateraln*100/Vb;\n", + "\n", + "TVDn = perVDmainn+perVDlateraln;\n", + "\n", + "#Voltage Drops for Worst Conditions\n", + "VDmainw = (Imain)*((rm*pf)+(xLm*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))))*Lm/2;\n", + "VDlateralw = (Ilateral)*((rl*pf)+(xLl*math.sin(math.radians(math.acos(pf)))))*Ll;\n", + "\n", + "perVDmainw = VDmainw*100/Vb;\n", + "perVDlateralw = VDlateralw*100/Vb;\n", + "\n", + "TVDw = perVDmainw+perVDlateralw;\n", + "\n", + "# Results\n", + "print 'a)From Table A5, 300-kcmilACSR conductors, with 500A Ampacity is used for mainand AWG #2 XLPE Al\\\n", + " URD cable with 168A Ampacity'\n", + "print 'b) The Total Voltage Drop in Percent for Normal Operation is %g percent'%(TVDn)\n", + "print 'c) The Total Voltage Drop in Percent for Worst Condition is %g percent'%(TVDw)\n", + "print 'd The Voltage drop is met for Normal operation and NOT for emergency operation'\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)From Table A5, 300-kcmilACSR conductors, with 500A Ampacity is used for mainand AWG #2 XLPE Al URD cable with 168A Ampacity\n", + "b) The Total Voltage Drop in Percent for Normal Operation is 1.1836 percent\n", + "c) The Total Voltage Drop in Percent for Worst Condition is 4.08313 percent\n", + "d The Voltage drop is met for Normal operation and NOT for emergency operation\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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