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+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 10:Optical Properties of Materials"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.1,Page No:10.25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Wavelength of the photon = 6211 Å\n",
+ " The colour of the photon is red\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "E2 = 5.56*10**-19; # Higher Energy level in J\n",
+ "E1 = 2.36*10**-19; # Lower Energy level in J\n",
+ "h = 6.626*10**-34; # plancks constant in J.s\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8; # velocity of light in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dE = E2 - E1; # Energy difference in J\n",
+ "lamda = (h*c)/float(dE); # wavelength in m\n",
+ " \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Wavelength of the photon = %d'%(lamda*10**10),'Å';\n",
+ "print' The colour of the photon is red';"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.2,Page No:10.25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum Wavelength for which diamond is opaque is Imax = 2219 Å\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Note: Imax is wrongly printed as 220 Å in textbook\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "h = 6.63*10**-34; # plancks constant in J.s\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8; # velocity of light in m\n",
+ "E = 5.6; # bandgap in eV\n",
+ "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron coulombs\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = (h*c)/float(E*e) # wavelength in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#output\n",
+ "print'Maximum Wavelength for which diamond is opaque is Imax = %d '%(lamda*10**10),'Å';\n",
+ "print'\\n Note: Imax is wrongly printed as 220 Å in textbook';\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.3,Page No:10.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy of radiation = 2.0719 eV\n",
+ "Rate of energy gap varies with addition of GaP is 0.00830 eV/mol %\n",
+ "mol percent to be added to get an energy gap of 2.0719 eV is 78.54 mol %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "h = 6.63*10**-34; # plancks constant\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8; # velocity of light\n",
+ "lamda = 0.6*10**-6; # wavelength in m\n",
+ "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron\n",
+ "EGap = 2.25; # energy in eV\n",
+ "EGas = 1.42; # energy in eV\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "E = (h*c)/float(lamda*e); # Energy in eV\n",
+ "p_change = (EGap - EGas)/float(100); #rate of energy gap\n",
+ "x = (E-EGas)/float(p_change); #mol % of GaP to be added to get an energy gap of E\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "print'Energy of radiation = %3.4f'%E,'eV';\n",
+ "print'Rate of energy gap varies with addition of GaP is %3.5f'%p_change,'eV/mol %';\n",
+ "print'mol percent to be added to get an energy gap of %3.4f'%E,'eV','is %3.2f'%x,'mol %';\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.4,Page No:10.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Energy of the metastable state E3 = 2.2e-19 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "h = 6.63*10**-34; #plancks constant in J.s\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8; # velocity of light in m\n",
+ "lamda = 1.1*10**-6; # wavelength in m\n",
+ "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n",
+ "E2 = 0.4*10**-19; # energy level in joules\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "E3 = E2 + ((h*c)/float(lamda)); #energy in J\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print'Energy of the metastable state E3 = %3.1e'%E3,'J';"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.5,Page No:10.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Number of Optical modes = 15\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8; # velocity of light in m\n",
+ "L = 1.5; #length in m\n",
+ "n = 1.0204; # refractive index \n",
+ "BW = 1.5*10**9; # Bandwidth in Hz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "dV = c/float(2*L*n); #frequency in Hz\n",
+ "N = BW/float(dV); # Number of optical nodes\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "print'Number of Optical modes = % d'%N;"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.6,Page No:10.31"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 6,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Numerical aperture = 0.248\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "n1 = 1.55; # refractive index of core\n",
+ "n2 = 1.53; # refractive index of cladding\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2 - n2**2);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print'Numerical aperture = %3.3f'%NA;"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 10.7,Page No:10.31"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "For angles above 48.75° ,there will be total internal reflection in water\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "n1 = 1.33; #refractive index of water\n",
+ "n2 = 1; # refractive index of air\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "theta_c = math.asin((n2/n1))\n",
+ "theta_c_deg = theta_c*(180/float(math.pi)); # radian to degree conversion\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "print'For angles above %3.2f° ,there will be total internal reflection in water'%theta_c_deg ;\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 2",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python2"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.6"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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