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diff --git a/Chemistry/Chapter_3.ipynb b/Chemistry/Chapter_3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..96753167 --- /dev/null +++ b/Chemistry/Chapter_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,676 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 3:Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.1,Page no:81"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Cu63=69.09 #percent of Cu 62.93 amu\n",
+ "Cu65=30.91 #percent of Cu 64.9278 amu\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "AverageAMU=62.93*Cu63/100+64.9278*Cu65/100 # average amu\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The average atomic mass of Copper is :\",round(AverageAMU,2),\"amu\\n\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The average atomic mass of Copper is : 63.55 amu\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 33
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.2,Page no:84"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mass=6.46 #mass of He, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "moles=mass/4.003 #no. of moles of He, as mol. mass of He is 4.003 amu\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The no. of moles of He is :\",round(moles,2),\"mol He\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The no. of moles of He is : 1.61 mol He\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.3,Page no:84"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "moles=0.356 #moles of Zn\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "mass=moles*65.39 #mass of Zn, g, 1 mole=65.39 g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The mass of Zn is :\",round(mass,1),\"g Zn\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The mass of Zn is : 23.3 g Zn\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 30
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.4,Page no:84"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Na=6.022*10**23 # Avogadro number, atoms/mol\n",
+ "mass=16.3 #mass of sulfur, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "moles=mass/32.07 #moles of S\n",
+ "atoms=moles*Na #number of atoms of S\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The no. of atoms of S is :%.2e\"%atoms,\"S atoms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The no. of atoms of S is :3.06e+23 S atoms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.5,Page no:86"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "MassO=16.0 #mass of O, amu\n",
+ "MassS=32.07 #mass of S, amu\n",
+ "MassN=14.01 #mass of N, amu\n",
+ "MassH=1.008 #mass of H, amu\n",
+ "MassC=12.01 #mass of C, amu\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "MassSO2=MassS+MassO*2 #mass of SO2, amu\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "MassC8H10N4O2=8*MassC+10*MassH+4*MassN+2*MassO \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a).The molecular mass of SO2 is :\",MassSO2,\"amu\\n\"\n",
+ "print\"(b).The molecular mass of C8H10N4O2 is :\",MassC8H10N4O2,\"amu\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a).The molecular mass of SO2 is : 64.07 amu\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b).The molecular mass of C8H10N4O2 is : 194.2 amu\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 34
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.6,Page no:86"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Mass=6.07 #mass of CH4, g\n",
+ "MassC=12.01 #mol. mass of C, amu\n",
+ "MassH=1.008 #mol. mass of H, amu\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "MassCH4=MassC+4*MassH #mol. mass of CH4, amu\n",
+ "Moles=Mass/MassCH4 #no. of moles of CH4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The no. of moles of CH4 is :\",round(Moles,3),\"mol CH4\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The no. of moles of CH4 is : 0.378 mol CH4\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.7,Page no:87"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Na=6.07*10**23 # Avogadro number, atoms/mol\n",
+ "Mass=25.6 #mass of Urea, g\n",
+ "MolMass=60.06 #mol. mass of Urea, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "moles=Mass/MolMass #moles of Urea, mol\n",
+ "Atoms=moles*Na*4 #No. of atoms of Hydrogen\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The no. of atoms of hydrogen are :%.2e\"%Atoms,\"H atoms\\n\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The no. of atoms of hydrogen are :1.03e+24 H atoms\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 36
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.8,Page no:89"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "H=1.008 #molar mass of H, g\n",
+ "P=30.97 #molar mass of P, g\n",
+ "O=16 #molar mass of O, g\n",
+ "MolMass=97.99 #mol. mass of H3PO4, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "percentH=3*H/MolMass*100 #percent of H\n",
+ "percentP=P/MolMass*100 #percent of P\n",
+ "percentO=4*O/MolMass*100 #percent of O\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The percent by mass of Hydrogen is :\",round(percentH,3),\"%\\n\"\n",
+ "print\"The percent by mass of Phosphorus is :\",round(percentP,2),\"%\\n\"\n",
+ "print\"The percent by mass of Oxygen is :\",round(percentO,2),\"%\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The percent by mass of Hydrogen is : 3.086 %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The percent by mass of Phosphorus is : 31.61 %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The percent by mass of Oxygen is : 65.31 %\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.9,Page no:90"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "H=1.008 #molar mass of H, g\n",
+ "C=12.01 #molar mass of C, g\n",
+ "O=16.0 #molar mass of O, g\n",
+ "percentC=40.92 #percent of C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "nC=percentC/C \n",
+ "percentH=4.58 #percent of H\n",
+ "nH=percentH/H \n",
+ "percentO=54.5 #percent of O\n",
+ "nO=percentO/O \n",
+ "if(nC>nH):# determining the smallest subscript\n",
+ " small=nH\n",
+ "else:\n",
+ " small=nC \n",
+ " if(small>nO):\n",
+ " small=nO \n",
+ "\n",
+ "nC=nC/small #dividing by the smallest subscript\n",
+ "nH=nH/small \n",
+ "nO=nO/small \n",
+ "#the approximate values of these variables are to be multiplied by appropriate number to make it an integer by trial and error method\n",
+ "#in this case we need to multiply with 3 to get integer values\n",
+ "nC=nC*3 \n",
+ "nH=nH*3 \n",
+ "nO=nO*3 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The empirical formula of ascorbic acid is : C%.f\"%nC,\"H%.f\"%nH,\"O%.f\"%nO"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The empirical formula of ascorbic acid is : C3 H4 O3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.10,Page no:91"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "massCuFeS2=3.71*10**3 #given mass of CuFeS2, kg\n",
+ "CuFeS2=183.5 #mol. mass of CuFeS2, g\n",
+ "Cu=63.55 #mol. mass of Cu, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "percentCu=Cu/CuFeS2*100 #percent Cu in CuFeS2\n",
+ "massCu=percentCu*massCuFeS2/100#mass of Cu in given CuFeS2, kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The mass of Cu in CuFeS2 is :%.2e\"%massCu,\"kg\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The mass of Cu in CuFeS2 is :1.28e+03 kg\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.11,Page no:93"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "M_N=1.52 #Mass of nitrogen in g\n",
+ "M_O=3.47 #Mass of oxygen in g\n",
+ "N=14.01 #Atomic mass of N\n",
+ "Molar1=95 #Molar mass in g \n",
+ "O=16 #Atomic mass of O\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "n_N=M_N/N #No of moles of N\n",
+ "n_O=M_O/O #No of moles of O\n",
+ "emp=N+2*(O) #Empirical molar massof NO2\n",
+ "ratio=Molar1/emp\n",
+ "ratio=round(ratio)\n",
+ "actual=ratio*emp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Molecular formula is N%.3g\"%n_N,\"O%.3g\"%n_O\n",
+ "print \"Actual molar mass is\",actual,\"g,which is between 90 g and 95 g\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Molecular formula is N0.108 O0.217\n",
+ "Actual molar mass is 92.02 g,which is between 90 g and 95 g\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.13,Page no:101"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "CO2=44.01 #mol. mass of CO2, g\n",
+ "Glucose=180.2 #mol. mass of Glucose, g\n",
+ "massGlucose=856 #given mass of Glucose, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "moleGlucose=massGlucose/Glucose # moles of glucose\n",
+ "moleCO2=moleGlucose*6 #1 mole glucose gives 6 moles of CO2\n",
+ "massCO2=moleCO2*CO2 # mass of CO2, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The mass of CO2 is :%.2e\"%massCO2,\"g CO2\\n\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The mass of CO2 is :1.25e+03 g CO2\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.14,Page no:102"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "H2=2.016 #mol. mass of H2, g\n",
+ "Li=6.941 #mol. mass of Li, g\n",
+ "mH2=9.89 #mass of H2, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "nH2=mH2/H2 #moles of H2\n",
+ "nLi=2*nH2 #moles of Li, 1mol H2 given by 2mol Li\n",
+ "mLi=Li*nLi ##mass of Li, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The mass of Li is :\",round(mLi,1),\"g Li\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The mass of Li is : 68.1 g Li\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.15,Page no:104"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Urea=60.06 #mol. mass of Urea, g\n",
+ "NH3=17.03 #mol. mass of NH3, g\n",
+ "CO2=44.01 #mol. mass of CO2, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "#for NH3\n",
+ "mNH3=637.2 #mass of NH3, g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "nNH3=mNH3/NH3 #moles of NH3\n",
+ "nUrea1=nNH3/2#moles of Urea\n",
+ "#for CO2\n",
+ "mCO2=1142#mol. mass of CO2, g\n",
+ "nCO2=mCO2/CO2 #moles of CO2\n",
+ "nUrea2=nCO2 #moles of Urea\n",
+ "if(nUrea1>nUrea2): #finding limiting reagent\n",
+ " nUrea=nUrea2 \n",
+ " limiting=\"CO2\" \n",
+ "else:\n",
+ " limiting=\"NH3\" \n",
+ " nUrea=nUrea1 \n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"(a).The limiting reagent is :\",limiting\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "mUrea=nUrea*Urea #mass of urea produced\n",
+ "print\"(b).The mass of the Urea produced is :\",round(mUrea),\"g (NH2)2CO\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "if(limiting==\"NH3\") :#finding excess reagent\n",
+ " nCO2excess=nCO2-nNH3/2 \n",
+ " mCO2excess=nCO2excess*CO2 \n",
+ " print\"(c).The mass of excess CO2 is :\",round(mCO2excess),\"g \\n\"\n",
+ "else: \n",
+ " nNH3excess=nNH3-2*nCO2 \n",
+ " mNH3excess=nNH3excess*NH3 \n",
+ " print\"The mass of excess NH3 is :\",mNH3excess,\"g\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a).The limiting reagent is : NH3\n",
+ "(b).The mass of the Urea produced is : 1124.0 g (NH2)2CO\n",
+ "(c).The mass of excess CO2 is : 319.0 g \n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example no:3.16,Page no:106"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "#for TiCl4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mTiCl4=3.54*10**7 #mass of TiCl4, g\n",
+ "nTiCl4=mTiCl4/189.7 #moles of TiCl4\n",
+ "nTi1=nTiCl4*1.0 #moles of Ti\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#for Mg\n",
+ "mMg=1.13*10**7 #mass of Mg, g\n",
+ "nMg=mMg/24.31 #moles of Mg\n",
+ "nTi2=nMg/2.0 #moles of Ti\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "if(nTi1>nTi2): #finding imiting reagent\n",
+ " nTi=nTi2 \n",
+ "else:\n",
+ " nTi=nTi1 \n",
+ " mTi=nTi*47.88 \n",
+ " print\"(a).The theoretical yield is :%.2e\"%mTi,\"g\\n\"\n",
+ " print\"\\nNOTE:Variation from answer due to approx value of mTi taken in book\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "mTiactual=7.91*10**6 #given, actual Ti produced\n",
+ "p_yield=mTiactual/mTi*100.0 \n",
+ "print\"(b).The percent yield is :\",round(p_yield,1),\"%\\n\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "(a).The theoretical yield is :8.93e+06 g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "NOTE:Variation from answer due to approx value of mTi taken in book\n",
+ "\n",
+ "(b).The percent yield is : 88.5 %\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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