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diff --git a/Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch6_2.ipynb b/Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch6_2.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 71808e15..00000000 --- a/Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics/ch6_2.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,851 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:5875fd58ba5a3eb4a34d80c6cbf01fc2219f223f8352a521a425e02950a18a26" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Chapter 6 :Chemical reactions" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.1 Page Number : 217" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "import math \n", - "from scipy.integrate import quad \n", - "\t\t\t\n", - "\n", - "# Variables\n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 880;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "a_SO2 = 6.157;\n", - "a_SO3 = 3.918;\n", - "a_O2 = 6.732;\n", - "b_SO2 = 1.384*10**(-2);\n", - "b_SO3 = 3.483*10**(-2);\n", - "b_O2 = 0.1505*10**(-2);\n", - "c_SO2 = -0.9103*10**(-5);\n", - "c_SO3 = -2.675*10**(-5);\n", - "c_O2 = -0.01791*10**(-5);\n", - "d_SO2 = 2.057*10**(-9);\n", - "d_SO3 = 7.744*10**(-9);\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = -23.45*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal] - Rkn enthalpy at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_SO2_for_298 = -70.94*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of S02 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_SO3_for_298 = -94.39*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of SO3 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_SO2_for_298 = -71.68*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of SO2 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_SO3_for_298 = -88.59*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of SO3 at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#(1)\n", - "\t\t\t#Smath.tan(math.radiansard enthalpy change of reaction at temperature T is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#delta_H_rkn_T = delta_rkn_298 + delta_Cp_0*delta_T\n", - "delta_a = a_SO3 - a_SO2 - (a_O2/2);\n", - "delta_b = b_SO3 - b_SO2 - (b_O2/2);\n", - "delta_c = c_SO3 - c_SO2 - (c_O2/2);\n", - "delta_d = d_SO3 - d_SO2;\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0 = delta_a + (delta_b*T) + (delta_c*T**(2)) + (delta_d*T**(3));\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore we get,\n", - "\n", - "def f44(T): \n", - "\t return delta_a+(delta_b*T)+(delta_c*T**(2))+(delta_d*T**(3))\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_880 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f44,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#On manual simplification of the above expression,we will get the expression for 'delta_H_rkn_880' as a function of T,\n", - " \n", - "print \" 1.The expression for smath.tan(math.radiansard enthalpy change of reaction as a function of temperature is given by\";\n", - "print \" delta_H_rkn_880 = -22534.57 - 5.605*T + 1.012*10**-2*T**2 - 0.585*10**-5*T**3 + 1.422*10**-9*T**4\"\n", - "\n", - "print \" 2).Staandard enthalpy change of reaction at 880 K is %f cal\"%(delta_H_rkn_880);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#(3)\n", - "\t\t\t#Let us determine the smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_SO2_298 = (delta_H_SO2_for_298 - delta_G_SO2_for_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K]\n", - "delta_S_SO3_298 = (delta_H_SO3_for_298 - delta_G_SO3_for_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K]\n", - "delta_S_O2_298 = 0;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K]\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = delta_S_SO3_298 - delta_S_SO2_298 - (delta_S_O2_298/2);\t\t\t#[cal/K]\n", - "\n", - "def f45(T): \n", - "\t return (delta_a+delta_b*T+delta_c*T**(2)+delta_d*T**(3))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_880 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f45,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" 3).Standard entropy change of reaction at 880 K is %f cal/K\"%(delta_S_rkn_880);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#(4)\n", - "delta_G_rkn_880 = delta_H_rkn_880 - 880*delta_S_rkn_880;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "print \" 4).Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 880 K is %f cal\"%(delta_G_rkn_880);\n", - "\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " 1.The expression for smath.tan(math.radiansard enthalpy change of reaction as a function of temperature is given by\n", - " delta_H_rkn_880 = -22534.57 - 5.605*T + 1.012*10**-2*T**2 - 0.585*10**-5*T**3 + 1.422*10**-9*T**4\n", - " 2).Staandard enthalpy change of reaction at 880 K is -22766.609215 cal\n", - " 3).Standard entropy change of reaction at 880 K is -21.002783 cal/K\n", - " 4).Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 880 K is -4284.160417 cal\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.2 Page Number : 219" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 400;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "a_CH3OH = 4.55;\n", - "a_CO = 6.726;\n", - "a_H2 = 6.952;\n", - "b_CH3OH = 2.186*10**(-2);\n", - "b_CO = 0.04001*10**(-2);\n", - "b_H2 = -0.04576*10**(-2);\n", - "c_CH3OH = -0.291*10**(-5);\n", - "c_CO = 0.1283*10**(-5);\n", - "c_H2 = 0.09563*10**(-5);\n", - "d_CH3OH = -1.92*10**(-9);\n", - "d_CO = -0.5307*10**(-9);\n", - "d_H2 = -0.2079*10**(-9);\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = -21.6643*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal] - Reaction enthalpy at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CO_for_298 = -26.4157*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of CO at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CH3OH_for_298 = -48.08*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of CH3OH at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CO_for_298 = -32.8079*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of CO at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CH3OH_for_298 = -38.69*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of CH3OH at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#Smath.tan(math.radiansard enthalpy change of reaction at temperature T is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#delta_H_rkn_T = delta_rkn_298 + delta_Cp_0*delta_T\n", - "delta_a = a_CH3OH - a_CO - 2*(a_H2);\n", - "delta_b = b_CH3OH - b_CO - 2*(b_H2);\n", - "delta_c = c_CH3OH - c_CO - 2*(c_H2);\n", - "delta_d = d_CH3OH - d_CO - 2*(d_H2);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0 = delta_a + (delta_b*T) + (delta_c*T**(2)) + (delta_d*T**(3));\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore we get,\n", - "\n", - "def f56(T): \n", - "\t return delta_a+(delta_b*T)+(delta_c*T**(2))+(delta_d*T**(3))\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_400 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f56,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 400 K is %f cal\"%(delta_H_rkn_400);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Let us determine the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_rkn_298 = delta_G_CH3OH_for_298 - delta_G_CO_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Now determining the smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = (delta_H_rkn_298 - delta_G_rkn_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f57(T): \n", - "\t return (delta_a+delta_b*T+delta_c*T**(2)+delta_d*T**(3))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_400 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f57,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore,the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of the reaction is given by,\n", - "delta_G_rkn_400 = delta_H_rkn_400 - 400*delta_S_rkn_400;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 400 K is %f cal\"%(delta_G_rkn_400);\n", - "\n", - "\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 400 K is -22587.159576 cal\n", - " Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 400 K is -343.363287 cal\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.3 Page Number : 220" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 1200;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "a_CO2 = 5.316;\n", - "a_H2 = 6.952;\n", - "a_CO = 6.726;\n", - "a_H2O = 7.700;\n", - "b_CO2 = 1.4285*10**(-2);\n", - "b_H2 = -0.04576*10**(-2);\n", - "b_CO = 0.04001*10**(-2);\n", - "b_H2O = 0.04594*10**(-2);\n", - "c_CO2 = -0.8362*10**(-5);\n", - "c_H2 = 0.09563*10**(-5);\n", - "c_CO = 0.1283*10**(-5);\n", - "c_H2O = 0.2521*10**(-5);\n", - "d_CO2 = 1.784*10**(-9);\n", - "d_H2 = -0.2079*10**(-9);\n", - "d_CO = -0.5307*10**(-9);\n", - "d_H2O = -0.8587*10**(-9);\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = -9.8382*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal] - Reaction enthalpy at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CO2_for_298 = -94.0518*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K] - Enthalpy of formation of CO2 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CO_for_298 = -26.4157*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K] - Enthalpy of formation of CO at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_H2O_for_298 = -57.7979*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K] - Enthalpy of formation of H2O at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CO2_for_298 = -94.2598*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of CO at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CO_for_298 = -32.8079*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of CH3OH at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_H2O_for_298 = -54.6357*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of H2O at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Smath.tan(math.radiansard enthalpy change of reaction at temperature T is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#delta_H_rkn_T = delta_rkn_298 + delta_Cp_0*delta_T\n", - "delta_a = a_CO2 + a_H2 - a_CO - a_H2O;\n", - "delta_b = b_CO2 + b_H2 - b_CO - b_H2O;\n", - "delta_c = c_CO2 + c_H2 - c_CO - c_H2O;\n", - "delta_d = d_CO2 + d_H2 - d_CO - d_H2O;\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0 = delta_a + (delta_b*T) + (delta_c*T**(2)) + (delta_d*T**(3));\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore we get,\n", - "\n", - "def f11(T): \n", - "\t return delta_a+(delta_b*T)+(delta_c*T**(2))+(delta_d*T**(3))\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_1200 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f11,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 1200 K is %f cal\"%(delta_H_rkn_1200);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Let us determine the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_rkn_298 = delta_G_CO2_for_298 - delta_G_CO_for_298 - delta_G_H2O_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Now determining the smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = (delta_H_rkn_298 - delta_G_rkn_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f12(T): \n", - "\t return (delta_a+delta_b*T+delta_c*T**(2)+delta_d*T**(3))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_1200 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f12,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore,the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of the reaction is given by,\n", - "delta_G_rkn_1200 = delta_H_rkn_1200 - 1200*delta_S_rkn_1200;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 1200 K is %f cal\"%(delta_G_rkn_1200);\n", - "\n", - "\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 1200 K is -7850.182811 cal\n", - " Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 1200 K is 953.652749 cal\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.4 Page Number : 221" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 500;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "a_NH3 = 6.5846;\n", - "a_N2 = 6.903;\n", - "a_H2 = 6.952;\n", - "b_NH3 = 0.61251*10**(-2);\n", - "b_N2 = -0.03753*10**(-2);\n", - "b_H2 = -0.04576*10**(-2);\n", - "c_NH3 = 0.23663*10**(-5);\n", - "c_N2 = 0.1930*10**(-5);\n", - "c_H2 = 0.09563*10**(-5);\n", - "d_NH3 = -1.5981*10**(-9);\n", - "d_N2 = -0.6861*10**(-9);\n", - "d_H2 = -0.2079*10**(-9);\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = -22.08*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal] - Reaction enthalpy at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_NH3_for_298 = -11.04*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of NH3 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_NH3_for_298 = -3.976*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of NH3 at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#Smath.tan(math.radiansard enthalpy change of reaction at temperature T is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#delta_H_rkn_T = delta_rkn_298 + delta_Cp_0*delta_T\n", - "delta_a = 2*a_NH3 - a_N2 - 3*a_H2;\n", - "delta_b = 2*b_NH3 - b_N2 - 3*b_H2;\n", - "delta_c = 2*c_NH3 - c_N2 - 3*c_H2;\n", - "delta_d = 2*d_NH3 - d_N2 - 3*d_H2;\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0 = delta_a + (delta_b*T) + (delta_c*T**(2)) + (delta_d*T**(3));\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore we get,\n", - "\n", - "def f5(T): \n", - "\t return delta_a+(delta_b*T)+(delta_c*T**(2))+(delta_d*T**(3))\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_500 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f5,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 500 K is %f cal\"%(delta_H_rkn_500);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Let us determine the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_rkn_298 = 2*delta_G_NH3_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Now determining the smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = (delta_H_rkn_298 - delta_G_rkn_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f6(T): \n", - "\t return (delta_a+delta_b*T+delta_c*T**(2)+delta_d*T**(3))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_500 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f6,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore,the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of the reaction is given by,\n", - "delta_G_rkn_500 = delta_H_rkn_500 - 500*delta_S_rkn_500;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 500 K is %f cal\"%(delta_G_rkn_500);\n", - "\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 500 K is -23925.267197 cal\n", - " Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 500 K is 2159.910425 cal\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.5 Page Number : 222" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = -57.7979*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Reaction enthalpy at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_rkn_298 = -54.6351*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of H2O at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Smath.tan(math.radiansard enthalpy change of reaction at temperature T is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#delta_H_rkn_T = delta_rkn_298 + delta_Cp_0*delta_T\n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2_1 = 873.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "T_2_2 = 1000;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore we get,\n", - "\n", - "def f34(T): \n", - "\t return 7.7+0.04594*10**(-2)*T+0.2521*10**(-5)*T**(2)-0.8587*10**(-9)*T**(3)\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_873 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f34,T_1,T_2_1)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f35(T): \n", - "\t return 7.7+0.04594*10**(-2)*T+0.2521*10**(-5)*T**(2)-0.8587*10**(-9)*T**(3)\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_1000 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f35,T_1,T_2_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 873 K is %f cal/mol\"%(delta_H_rkn_873);\n", - "print \" Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 1000 K is %f cal/mol\"%(delta_H_rkn_1000);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Now determining the smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = (delta_H_rkn_298 - delta_G_rkn_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f36(T): \n", - "\t return (7.7+0.04594*10**(-2)*T+0.2521*10**(-5)*T**(2)-0.8587*10**(-9)*T**(3))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_873 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f36,T_1,T_2_1)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f37(T): \n", - "\t return (7.7+0.04594*10**(-2)*T+0.2521*10**(-5)*T**(2)-0.8587*10**(-9)*T**(3))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_1000 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f37,T_1,T_2_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore,the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of the reaction is given by,\n", - "delta_G_rkn_873 = (delta_H_rkn_873 - 873.15*delta_S_rkn_873)*10**(-3);\t\t\t#[kcal/mol]\n", - "delta_G_rkn_1000 = (delta_H_rkn_1000 - 1000*delta_S_rkn_1000)*10**(-3);\t\t\t#[kcal/mol]\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 873 K is %f kcal/mol\"%(delta_G_rkn_873);\n", - "print \" Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 1000 K is %f kcal/mol\"%(delta_G_rkn_1000);\n", - "\n", - "\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 873 K is -52801.656303 cal/mol\n", - " Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 1000 K is -51579.290952 cal/mol\n", - " Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 873 K is -51.575573 kcal/mol\n", - " Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 1000 K is -51.481661 kcal/mol\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 7 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.6 Page Number : 223" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 500.;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "a_C2H6 = 1.648;\n", - "a_O2 = 6.085;\n", - "a_CO2 = 5.316;\n", - "a_H2O = 7.700;\n", - "b_C2H6 = 4.124*10**(-2);\n", - "b_O2 = 0.3631*10**(-2);\n", - "b_CO2 = 1.4285*10**(-2);\n", - "b_H2O = 0.04594*10**(-2);\n", - "c_C2H6 = -1.530*10**(-5);\n", - "c_O2 = -0.1709*10**(-5);\n", - "c_CO2 = -0.8362*10**(-5);\n", - "c_H2O = 0.2521*10**(-5);\n", - "d_C2H6 = 1.740*10**(-9);\n", - "d_O2 = 0.3133*10**(-9);\n", - "d_CO2 = 1.784*10**(-9);\n", - "d_H2O = -0.8587*10**(-9);\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#Since excess is entering and leaving at the same temperature,therefore it does not take or give any heat to the system.\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore the heat exchange is only due to heat of raction at temperature T, or Q = delta_H_rkn_T\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_C2H6_for_298 = -20.236*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of C2H6 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CO2_for_298 = -94.0518*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of CO2 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_H2O_for_298 = -57.7979*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of H2O at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = 2*delta_H_CO2_for_298 + 3*delta_H_H2O_for_298 - delta_H_C2H6_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal] - Reaction enthalpy at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Smath.tan(math.radiansard enthalpy change of reaction at temperature T is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#delta_H_rkn_T = delta_rkn_298 + delta_Cp_0*delta_T\n", - "delta_a = 2*a_CO2 + 3*a_H2O - a_C2H6 - 7./2*(a_O2);\n", - "delta_b = 2*b_CO2 + 3*b_H2O - b_C2H6 - 7./2*(b_O2);\n", - "delta_c = 2*c_CO2 + 3*c_H2O - c_C2H6 - 7./2*(c_O2);\n", - "delta_d = 2*d_CO2 + 3*d_H2O - d_C2H6 - 7./2*(d_O2);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0 = delta_a + (delta_b*T) + (delta_c*T**(2)) + (delta_d*T**(3));\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore we get,\n", - "\n", - "def f55(T): \n", - "\t return delta_a+(delta_b*T)+(delta_c*T**(2))+(delta_d*T**(3))\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_500 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f55,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_500 = delta_H_rkn_500*10**(-3);\t\t\t#[kcal]\n", - "\n", - "print \" The heat exchange of the reaction at 500 K is %f kcal\"%(delta_H_rkn_500);\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " The heat exchange of the reaction at 500 K is -340.644585 kcal\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.7 Page Number : 224" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 600.;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "a_C2H6 = -8.65;\n", - "a_H2O = 7.700;\n", - "a_CH4 = 4.750;\n", - "a_O2 = 6.085;\n", - "b_C2H6 = 11.578*10**(-2);\n", - "b_H2O = 0.04594*10**(-2);\n", - "b_CH4 = 1.200*10**(-2);\n", - "b_O2 = 0.3631*10**(-2);\n", - "c_C2H6 = -7.540*10**(-5);\n", - "c_H2O = 0.2521*10**(-5);\n", - "c_CH4 = 0.3030*10**(-5);\n", - "c_O2 = -0.1709*10**(-5);\n", - "d_C2H6 = 18.54*10**(-9);\n", - "d_H2O = -0.8587*10**(-9);\n", - "d_CH4 = -2.630*10**(-9);\n", - "d_O2 = 0.3133*10**(-9);\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_CH4_for_298 = 44.50;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K] - Entropy of formation of CH4 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_O2_for_298 = 49.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K] - Entropy of formation of O2 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_C2H6_for_298 = 64.34;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K] - Entropy of formation of C2H6 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_H2O_for_298 = 45.11;\t\t\t#[cal/mol-K] - Entropy of formation of C2H6 at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0 = delta_a + (delta_b*T) + (delta_c*T**(2)) + (delta_d*T**(3));\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at temperature T is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#delta_S_rkn_T = delta_rkn_298 + delta_Cp_0*delta_T\n", - "delta_a = 1./6*(a_C2H6) + 3./2*(a_H2O) - a_CH4 - 3./4*(a_O2);\n", - "delta_b = 1./6*(b_C2H6) + 3./2*(b_H2O) - b_CH4 - 3./4*(b_O2);\n", - "delta_c = 1./6*(c_C2H6) + 3./2*(c_H2O) - c_CH4 - 3./4*(c_O2);\n", - "delta_d = 1./6*(d_C2H6) + 3./2*(d_H2O) - d_CH4 - 3./4*(d_O2);\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = 1./6*(delta_S_C2H6_for_298) + 3./2*(delta_S_H2O_for_298) - delta_S_CH4_for_298 - 3./4*(delta_S_O2_for_298);\t\t\t#[cal/K]\n", - "\n", - "def f27(T): \n", - "\t return (delta_a+delta_b*T+delta_c*T**(2)+delta_d*T**(3))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_600 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f27,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" Change in entropy of the reaction at 298.15 K is %f cal/K\"%(delta_S_rkn_298);\n", - "print \" Standard entropy change of reaction at 600 K is %f cal/K\"%(delta_S_rkn_600);\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " Change in entropy of the reaction at 298.15 K is -2.861667 cal/K\n", - " Standard entropy change of reaction at 600 K is -1.880233 cal/K\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 8 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.8 Page Number : 225" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 973.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#At 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CH4_for_298 = -17.889*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of CH4 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_C_for_298 = 0.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of C (s, graphite) at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_H2_for_298 = 0.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of H2 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CH4_for_298 = -12.140*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of H2 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_C_for_298 = 0.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of C (s, graphite) at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_H2_for_298 = 0.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of H2 at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#/Smath.tan(math.radiansaerd heat capacity data in cal/mol-K are given below, T is in K\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_CH4 = 4.75 + 1.2*10**(-2)*T + 0.303*10**(-5)*T**(2) - 2.63*10**(-9)*T**(3)\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_C = 3.519 + 1.532*10**(-3)*T - 1.723*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_H2 = 6.952 - 0.04576*10**(-2)*T + 0.09563*10**(-5)*T**(2) - 0.2079*10**(-9)*T**(3)\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore smath.tan(math.radiansard heat capacity of reaction is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_rkn = 2*Cp_0_H2 + Cp_0_C - Cp_0_CH4\n", - "\t\t\t#On simplification,we get the relation\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_rkn = 12.673 - 0.0113832*T - 1.1174*10**(-6)*T**(2) + 2.2142*10**(-9)*T**(3) - 1.723*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = -delta_H_CH4_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal] - Enthalpy of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_rkn_298 = -delta_G_CH4_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal] - Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f63(T): \n", - "\t return 12.673-0.0113832*T-1.1174*10**(-6)*T**(2)+2.2142*10**(-9)*T**(3)-1.723*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_973 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f63,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 973.15 K is %f cal\"%(delta_H_rkn_973);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Now determining the smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = (delta_H_rkn_298 - delta_G_rkn_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/K]\n", - "\n", - "def f64(T): \n", - "\t return (12.673-0.0113832*T-1.1174*10**(-6)*T**(2)+2.2142*10**(-9)*T**(3)-1.723*10**(5)*T**(-2))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_973 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f64,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore,the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of the reaction is given by,\n", - "delta_G_rkn_973 = delta_H_rkn_973 - 973.15*delta_S_rkn_973;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 973 K is %f cal\"%(delta_G_rkn_973);\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 973.15 K is 21316.998642 cal\n", - " Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 973 K is -3880.803382 cal\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 9 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.9 Page Number : 226" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 1000;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#At 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_C_for_298 = 0.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of C(s,graphite) at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_H2O_for_298 = -57.7979*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of H2O at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CO_for_298 = -26.4157*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of CO at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_H2_for_298 = 0.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of H2 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_C_for_298 = 0.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of C(s, graphite) at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_H2O_for_298 = -54.6357*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of H2O at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CO_for_298 = -32.8079*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of CO at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_H2_for_298 = 0.00;\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of H2 at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#/Smath.tan(math.radiansaerd heat capacity data in cal/mol-K are given below, T is in K\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_C = 3.519 + 1.532*10**(-3)*T - 1.723*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_H2O = 7.7 + 0.04594*10**(-2)*T + 0.2521*10**(-5)*T**(2) - 0.8587*10**(-9)*T**(3)\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_CO = 6.726 + 0.04001*10**(-2)*T + 0.1283*10**(-5)*T**(2) - 0.5307*10**(-9)*T**(3)\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_H2 = 6.952 - 0.04576*10**(-2)*T + 0.09563*10**(-5)*T**(2) - 0.2079*10**(-9)*T**(3)\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore smath.tan(math.radiansard heat capacity of reaction is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_rkn = Cp_0_H2 + Cp_0_CO - Cp_0_C - Cp_0_H2O\n", - "\t\t\t#On simplification,we get the relation\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_rkn = 2.459 - 2.0489*10**(-3)*T - 2.817*10**(-7)*T**(2) + 1.201*10**(-10)*T**(3) + 1.723*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = delta_H_CO_for_298 + delta_H_H2_for_298 - delta_H_C_for_298 - delta_H_H2O_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal] - Enthalpy of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_rkn_298 = delta_G_CO_for_298 + delta_G_H2_for_298 - delta_G_C_for_298 - delta_G_H2O_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal] - Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f13(T): \n", - "\t return 2.459-2.0489*10**(-3)*T-2.817*10**(-7)*T**(2)+1.201*10**(-10)*T**(3)+1.723*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_1000 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f13,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 1000 K is %f cal\"%(delta_H_rkn_1000);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Now determining the smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = (delta_H_rkn_298 - delta_G_rkn_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/K]\n", - "\n", - "def f14(T): \n", - "\t return (2.459-2.0489*10**(-3)*T-2.817*10**(-7)*T**(2)+1.201*10**(-10)*T**(3)+1.723*10**(5)*T**(-2))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_1000 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f14,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore,the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of the reaction is given by,\n", - "delta_G_rkn_1000 = delta_H_rkn_1000 - 1000*delta_S_rkn_1000;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 1000 K is %f cal\"%(delta_G_rkn_1000);\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 1000 K is 32518.639475 cal\n", - " Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 1000 K is -1858.365607 cal\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 10 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 6.10 Page Number : 228" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - " \n", - "T_1 = 298.15;\t\t\t#[K] - Smath.tan(math.radiansard temperature\n", - "T_2 = 1042;\t\t\t#[K] - Reaction temperature\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#At 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CaCO3_for_298 = -289.5*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of CaCO3 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CaO_for_298 = -151.7*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of CaO at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_H_CO2_for_298 = -94.052*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Enthalpy of formation of CO2 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CaCO3_for_298 = -270.8*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of CaCO3 at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CaO_for_298 = -144.3*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of CaO at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_CO2_for_298 = -94.260*10**(3);\t\t\t#[cal/mol] - Gibbs free energy change for formation of CO2 at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "# Calculations and Results\n", - "\t\t\t#/Smath.tan(math.radiansaerd heat capacity data in cal/mol-K are given below, T is in K\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_CO2 = 5.316 + 1.4285*10**(-2)*T - 0.8362*10**(-5)*T**(2) + 1.784*10**(-9)*T**(3)\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_CaO = 12.129 + 0.88*10**(-3)*T + 2.08*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_CaCO3 = 24.98 + 5.240*10**(-3)*T + 6.199*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore smath.tan(math.radiansard heat capacity of reaction is given by,\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_rkn = Cp_0_CO2 + Cp_0_CaO - Cp_0_CaCO3\n", - "\t\t\t#On simplification,we get the relation\n", - "\t\t\t#Cp_0_rkn = -7.535 + 9.925*10**(-3)*T - 0.8362*10**(-5)*T**(2) + 1.784*10**(-9)*T**(3) + 4.119*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_298 = delta_H_CaO_for_298 + delta_H_CO2_for_298 - delta_H_CaCO3_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal] - Enthalpy of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_G_rkn_298 = delta_G_CaO_for_298 + delta_G_CO2_for_298 - delta_G_CaCO3_for_298;\t\t\t#[cal] - Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def f38(T): \n", - "\t return -7.535+9.925*10**(-3)*T-0.8362*10**(-5)*T**(2)+1.784*10**(-9)*T**(3)+4.119*10**(5)*T**(-2)\n", - "\n", - "delta_H_rkn_1042 = delta_H_rkn_298 + quad(f38,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 1042 K is %f cal\"%(delta_H_rkn_1042);\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Now determining the smath.tan(math.radiansard entropy change of reaction at 298.15 K\n", - "delta_S_rkn_298 = (delta_H_rkn_298 - delta_G_rkn_298)/298.15;\t\t\t#[cal/K]\n", - "\n", - "def f39(T): \n", - "\t return (-7.535+9.925*10**(-3)*T-0.8362*10**(-5)*T**(2)+1.784*10**(-9)*T**(3)+4.119*10**(5)*T**(-2))/T\n", - "\n", - "delta_S_rkn_1042 = delta_S_rkn_298 + quad(f39,T_1,T_2)[0]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "\t\t\t#Therefore,the smath.tan(math.radiansard Gibbs free energy change of the reaction is given by,\n", - "delta_G_rkn_1042 = delta_H_rkn_1042 - 1042*delta_S_rkn_1042;\t\t\t#[cal]\n", - "\n", - "print \" Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 1042 K is %f cal\"%(delta_G_rkn_1042);\n", - "\n", - "\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - " Standard enthalpy change of reaction at 1042 K is 41518.919956 cal\n", - " Standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 1042 K is 4873.416608 cal\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 11 - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
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