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-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": ""
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 13 : Dilute solution laws"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 13.1 Page No : 478"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "# Variables\n",
- "weight = 10. \t\t\t #weight of NaCl in grams\n",
- "volume = 1. \t \t\t #volume of water in litres\n",
- "weight_water = 1000. \t\t\t # weight of water in grams (Weight = Volume*Density, density of water = 1g/cc = 1g/ml = 1000g/l)\n",
- "molwt_NaCl = 58.5 \t\t\t #molecular weight of NaCl in grams\n",
- "molwt_water = 18. \t\t\t #molecular weight of water in grams\n",
- "hf = 6.002; \t\t\t #enthalpy change of fusion in kJ/mol at 0 degree celsius\n",
- "P = 101.325; \t\t\t #pressure in kPa\n",
- "T = 273.15; \t\t\t # freezing point temperature of water at the given pressure in K\n",
- "R = 8.314; \t\t\t #universal gas constant in J/molK;\n",
- "\n",
- "# Calculations\n",
- "x2 = (weight/molwt_NaCl)/((weight/molwt_NaCl)+(weight_water/molwt_water))\n",
- "delt = (R*T**2*x2)/(hf*10**3)\n",
- "\n",
- "# Results\n",
- "print ' The depression in freezing point of water when 10g of NaCl solute is added = %0.2f K'%(delt);\n",
- "\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- " The depression in freezing point of water when 10g of NaCl solute is added = 0.32 K\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 13.2 Page No : 480"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "# Variables\n",
- "weight = 10.; \t\t \t #weight of NaCl in grams\n",
- "volume = 1.; \t\t\t #volume of water in litres\n",
- "weight_water = 1000.; \t\t\t # weight of water in grams (Weight = Volume*Density, density of water = 1g/cc = 1g/ml = 1000g/l)\n",
- "molwt_NaCl = 58.5; \t\t\t #molecular weight of NaCl in grams\n",
- "molwt_water = 18; \t\t\t #molecular weight of water in grams\n",
- "lat_ht = 2256.94; \t\t\t #latent heat of vaporization in kJ/kg at 100 degree celsius (obtained from steam tables)\n",
- "P = 101.325; \t\t\t #pressure in kPa\n",
- "T = 373.15; \t\t\t #boiling point temperature of water at the given pressure in K\n",
- "R = 8.314; \t\t\t #universal gas constant in J/molK\n",
- "\n",
- "# Calculations\n",
- "x2 = 0.0031\n",
- "hv = (lat_ht*molwt_water)/1000\n",
- "delt = (R*T**2*x2)/(hv*10**3)\n",
- "\n",
- "# Results\n",
- "print ' The elevation in boiling point of water when 10g of NaCl solute is added = %0.2f K'%(delt);\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- " The elevation in boiling point of water when 10g of NaCl solute is added = 0.09 K\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 13.3 Page No : 481"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "# Variables\n",
- "weight = 10.; \t\t\t #weight of NaCl in grams\n",
- "weight_water = 1000.; \t\t\t # weight of water in grams\n",
- "molwt_NaCl = 58.5; \t\t\t #molecular weight of NaCl in grams\n",
- "molwt_water = 18.; \t\t\t #molecular weight of water in grams\n",
- "T = 300.; \t\t\t #prevailing temperature of water in K\n",
- "R = 8.314; \t\t\t #universal gas constant in (Pa m**3)/(mol K);\n",
- "v = 18*10**-6;\t\t\t #molar volume in m**3/mol\n",
- "\n",
- "# Calculations\n",
- "x2 = 0.0031\n",
- "pi = ((R*T*x2)/v)*10**-3\n",
- "\n",
- "# Results\n",
- "print ' The osmotic pressure of a solution conatining 10g of NaCl in 1000g of water at 300K = %0.2f kPa'%(pi);\n",
- "\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- " The osmotic pressure of a solution conatining 10g of NaCl in 1000g of water at 300K = 429.56 kPa\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 13.4 Page No : 483"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "# Variables\n",
- "temp = 20. \t\t\t # prevailing tempearture in degree celsius\n",
- "melt_temp = 80.05; \t\t\t # melting point of naphthalene in degree celsius\n",
- "hf = 18.574 \t\t\t # enthalpy of fusion in kJ/mol\n",
- "R = 8.314 \t\t\t # universal gas constant in J/molK\n",
- "\n",
- "# Calculations\n",
- "t = temp+273.15\n",
- "melt_t = melt_temp+273.15\n",
- "x2 = math.exp(((hf*10**3)/R)*((1./melt_t)-(1./t)))\n",
- "\n",
- "# Results\n",
- "print ' The ideal solubility of naphthalene at 20 degree celsius = %0.4f'%(x2);\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- " The ideal solubility of naphthalene at 20 degree celsius = 0.2737\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 13.5 Page No : 483"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "# Variables\n",
- "t = 295.43; \t\t\t #prevailing temperature in K\n",
- "sat_p = 6.05; \t\t\t #Sasturation pressure of carbon dioxide at the prevailing temperature in MPa\n",
- "p = 0.1; \t\t\t #pressure at which solubility has to be determined in MPa\n",
- "\n",
- "# Calculations\n",
- "x2 = p/sat_p\n",
- "\n",
- "# Results\n",
- "print ' The solubility of carbon dioxide expressed in mole fraction of carbon dioxide in solution\\\n",
- " at 0.1MPa = %0.4f'%(x2);\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- " The solubility of carbon dioxide expressed in mole fraction of carbon dioxide in solution at 0.1MPa = 0.0165\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-01-08 19:51:04 +0000