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+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:cb32b4e80623f372b375323b458cf1a594dc5626da9cbe9346e1ec33417221d4"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h1>Chapter 8: Functions,Part Two: References, Overloading, and Default Arguments<h1>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.1, Page Number: 158<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "def sqr_it(x):\n",
+ " x=x*x\n",
+ " return x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable decleration\n",
+ "t=10\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result; function calling\n",
+ "print sqr_it(t),' ',t\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "100 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.2, Page Number: 159<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def swap(x,y):\n",
+ " temp=x\n",
+ " x=y\n",
+ " y=temp\n",
+ " return x, y\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable decleration\n",
+ "i=10\n",
+ "j=20 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Initial values\n",
+ "print \"Initial values of i and j: \",\n",
+ "print i,' ',j\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calling function to swap\n",
+ "i, j=swap(i,j)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Swapped values of i and j: \",\n",
+ "print i,' ',j"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Initial values of i and j: 10 20\n",
+ "Swapped values of i and j: 20 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.3, Page Number: 161<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def f(i):\n",
+ " i=10\n",
+ " return i #Returning the value since the function cannot access the variables in the calling scope.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Decleration\n",
+ "val=1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"Old value for val: \",val\n",
+ "val=f(val) #Function call\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"New value for val: \",val\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Old value for val: 1\n",
+ "New value for val: 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.4, Page Number: 162<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "def swap(i,j):\n",
+ " temp=i[0]\n",
+ " i[0]=j[0]\n",
+ " j[0]=temp\n",
+ " return i, j\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable decleration\n",
+ "i=[]\n",
+ "j=[]\n",
+ "i.append(10)\n",
+ "j.append(20)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Initial values\n",
+ "print \"Initial values of i and j: \",\n",
+ "print i[0],' ',j[0]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calling function to swap\n",
+ "i, j=swap(i,j)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Swapped values of i and j: \",\n",
+ "print i[0],' ',j[0]"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Initial values of i and j: 10 20\n",
+ "Swapped values of i and j: 20 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.5, Page Number: 164<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Decleration\n",
+ "val = 100.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def f():\n",
+ " global val\n",
+ " return val\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print val\n",
+ "\n",
+ "newval=f() #function call\n",
+ "print newval\n",
+ "\n",
+ "val=99.1 #change val's value\n",
+ "print f() #print val's new value\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "100.0\n",
+ "100.0\n",
+ "99.1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.6, Page Number: 166<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Function definition\n",
+ "def change_it(i,n):\n",
+ " global vals\n",
+ " vals[i]=n\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Decleration\n",
+ "vals=[1.1,2.2,3.3,4.4,5.5]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"Here are the original values: \",\n",
+ "for i in range(5):\n",
+ " print vals[i],\n",
+ "print\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Function call\n",
+ "change_it(1,5298.23)\n",
+ "change_it(3,-98.8)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Here are the changed values: \",\n",
+ "for i in range(5):\n",
+ " print vals[i],"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Here are the original values: 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5\n",
+ "Here are the changed values: 1.1 5298.23 3.3 -98.8 5.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.7, Page Number: 167<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Decleration\n",
+ "vals=[None]*10\n",
+ "error=-1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#put values into the array\n",
+ "def put(i,n):\n",
+ " global vals\n",
+ " if i>=0 and i<10:\n",
+ " vals[i]=n\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " print \"Bounds Error!\"\n",
+ " error=n\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#obtain a value from the array\n",
+ "def get(i):\n",
+ " if i>=0 and i<10:\n",
+ " return vals[i]\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " print \"Bounds error!\"\n",
+ " return -1\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#put values into the array\n",
+ "put(0,10)\n",
+ "put(1,20)\n",
+ "put(9,30)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print get(0),' ',get(1),' ',get(9),\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#now, intentionally generate an errer\n",
+ "put(12,1)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "10 20 30 Bounds Error!\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.8, Page Number: 169<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Decleration\n",
+ "i=[]\n",
+ "j=i #independent reference\n",
+ "\n",
+ "j.append(10) #Here i and j are just references to [10]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print j[0],\" \",i[0] \n",
+ "\n",
+ "k=121\n",
+ "i[0]=k #copies k's value into j[0] \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print j[0]"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "10 10\n",
+ "121\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.9, Page Number: 170<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "def f(i,j=None):\n",
+ " if j==None: \n",
+ " if isinstance(i,int): #for 1st function\n",
+ " print \"In f(int), i is \",i \n",
+ " else: #for 3rd function\n",
+ " print \"In f(double), k is \",i\n",
+ " else: #for 2nd arguments\n",
+ " print \"In f(int,int), i is \",i,\", j is \",j\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#calling function\n",
+ "f(10)\n",
+ "f(10,20)\n",
+ "f(12.23)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "In f(int), i is 10\n",
+ "In f(int,int), i is 10 , j is 20\n",
+ "In f(double), k is 12.23\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.10, Page Number: 171<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ " \n",
+ "def myabs(i):\n",
+ " if isinstance(i,int): #first instance\n",
+ " print \"Using integer myabs(): \",\n",
+ " if i<0:\n",
+ " return -i\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " return i\n",
+ " elif isinstance(i,float): #second instance\n",
+ " print \"Using double myabs(): \",\n",
+ " if(i<0.0):\n",
+ " return -i\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " return i\n",
+ " elif isinstance(i,long): #third instance\n",
+ " print \"Using long myabs(): \",\n",
+ " if i<0:\n",
+ " return -i\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " return i\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result; calling the function \n",
+ "print myabs(-10)\n",
+ "print myabs(-11.0)\n",
+ "print myabs(-9L)\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Using integer myabs(): 10\n",
+ "Using double myabs(): 11.0\n",
+ "Using long myabs(): 9\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.11, Page Number: 174<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import os\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def clrscr(size=25):\n",
+ " while(size):\n",
+ " print \"\"\n",
+ " size-=1\n",
+ " \n",
+ "for i in range(30):\n",
+ " print i\n",
+ " clrscr() #clears 25 lines\n",
+ "\n",
+ "for i in range(30):\n",
+ " print i\n",
+ " clrscr(10) #clears 10 lines\n",
+ " "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "0\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
+ "18\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
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+ "26\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
+ "27\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
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+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ "28\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ "29\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.12, Page Number: 176<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable Decleration\n",
+ "str1 = \"This is a test\"\n",
+ "str2 = \"0123456789\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#function for concatenation\n",
+ "def mystrcat(s1,s2,l=-1):\n",
+ " if l==-1:\n",
+ " l=len(str2)\n",
+ " s2=s2[:l] #truncates s2\n",
+ " s1=s1+s2 #concatenates the 2 strings\n",
+ " return s1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "str1=mystrcat(str1,str2,5) #concatenate 5 chars\n",
+ "print str1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "str1 = \"this is a test\" #reset str1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "str1=mystrcat(str1, str2) #concatenate entire string\n",
+ "print str1"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "This is a test01234\n",
+ "this is a test0123456789\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.13, Page Number: 177<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "def myfunc(i):\n",
+ " return i\n",
+ " \n",
+ "print myfunc(10.1),\n",
+ "print myfunc(10)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "10.1 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.14, Page Number: 178<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "from ctypes import *\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def myfunc(ch):\n",
+ " if isinstance(ch,c_int):\n",
+ " return chr(ch.value+1)\n",
+ " elif isinstance(ch,c_uint):\n",
+ " return chr(ch.value-1)\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ "print myfunc(c_int(ord('c'))),\n",
+ "print myfunc(c_uint(88))"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " d W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "<h3>Example 8.15, Page Number: 179<h3>"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "def myfunc(i,j=1):\n",
+ " if j==1:\n",
+ " return i*j\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " return i\n",
+ " \n",
+ " \n",
+ "print myfunc(4,5),\n",
+ "print myfunc(10)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "4 10\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-19 17:45:46 +0000