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diff --git a/C++_Demystified:_A_Self-Teaching_Guide/chapter9.ipynb b/C++_Demystified:_A_Self-Teaching_Guide/chapter9.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4918a533 --- /dev/null +++ b/C++_Demystified:_A_Self-Teaching_Guide/chapter9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1036 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 9 - Functions" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.1, page no. 179" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "terminology of a function\n", + "note: there is no need of main in python, defining here just for sake of understanding\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def main(): #defining a function \n", + " print \"Hello World!\"\n", + "\n", + "main()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hello World!\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.2, page no. 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "defining a function\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage(): # defining function\n", + " print \"Hello world!\"\n", + "\n", + "printMessage() # calling the function" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hello world!\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.3, page no. 181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "prototyping\n", + "note: there is no need of prototyping in Python. In fact, you have to define a function before you call it in Python.\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "printMessage();\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage():\n", + " print \"Hello world!\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hello world!\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.4, page no. 182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "prototyping\n", + "note: the way it is given in textbook is not possible in python. We have to \n", + "define a funciton first in order to call it\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage():\n", + " print \"Hello world!\"\n", + "\n", + "printMessage()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hello world!\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.5, page no. 184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "local variables\n", + "note: program will give an error saying local variable time is not defined\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage():\n", + " times += 1\n", + " print \"This function called \", times, \" times\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "times = 0\n", + "choice = '1'\n", + "while(choice != 'Q'):\n", + " print \"Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: \",\n", + " choice = raw_input()\n", + " if (choice == 'Q'):\n", + " print \"Input stopped\"\n", + " else:\n", + " printMessage()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e\n" + ] + }, + { + "ename": "UnboundLocalError", + "evalue": "local variable 'times' referenced before assignment", + "output_type": "pyerr", + "traceback": [ + "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mUnboundLocalError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)", + "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-8-42e131eb489c>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 17\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"Input stopped\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 18\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 19\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mprintMessage\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m", + "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-8-42e131eb489c>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mprintMessage\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprintMessage\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 7\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mtimes\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 8\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"This function called \"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtimes\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\" times\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 9\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", + "\u001b[1;31mUnboundLocalError\u001b[0m: local variable 'times' referenced before assignment" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.6, page no. 185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "local variables\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage():\n", + " times = 0\n", + " times += 1\n", + " print \"This function called \", times, \" times\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "choice = '1'\n", + "while(choice != 'Q'):\n", + " print \"Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: \",\n", + " choice = raw_input()\n", + " if (choice == 'Q'):\n", + " print \"Input stopped\"\n", + " else:\n", + " printMessage()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "w\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " This function called 1 times\n", + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "q\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " This function called 1 times\n", + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Q\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Input stopped\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.7, page no. 186" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "global variables\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "times = 0\n", + "def printMessage():\n", + " global times\n", + " times += 1\n", + " print \"This function called \", times, \" times\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "choice = '1'\n", + "while(choice != 'Q'):\n", + " print \"Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: \",\n", + " choice = raw_input()\n", + " if (choice == 'Q'):\n", + " print \"Input stopped\"\n", + " else:\n", + " printMessage()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "w\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " This function called 1 times\n", + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "t\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " This function called 2 times\n", + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "u\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " This function called 3 times\n", + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Q\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Input stopped\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.8, page no. 189" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "static local variables\n", + "note: there is no static keyword in python so we will use it as global variable\n", + "only.\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "times = 0\n", + "def printMessage():\n", + " global times\n", + " times += 1\n", + " print \"This function called \", times, \" times\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "choice = '1'\n", + "while(choice != 'Q'):\n", + " print \"Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: \",\n", + " choice = raw_input()\n", + " if (choice == 'Q'):\n", + " print \"Input stopped\"\n", + " else:\n", + " printMessage()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "w\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " This function called 1 times\n", + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "r\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " This function called 2 times\n", + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "t\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " This function called 3 times\n", + "Enter Q to quit, any other character to continue: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Q\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Input stopped\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.9, page no. 190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "sending info. to a function\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage():\n", + " print \"You inputted \", str\n", + "\n", + "print \"Enter a string: \",\n", + "str = raw_input()\n", + "printMessage()\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter a string: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Jeff\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " You inputted Jeff\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.10, page no. 191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "passing argument by value\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage(s):\n", + " print \"You inputted \", s\n", + "\n", + "print \"Enter a string: \",\n", + "str = raw_input()\n", + "printMessage(str)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter a string: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Jeff\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " You inputted Jeff\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.11, page no. 193" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "multiple function arguments\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage(firstName, lastName):\n", + " print \"Your name is \", firstName, \" \", lastName\n", + "\n", + "print \"Enter first name:\",\n", + "name1 = raw_input()\n", + "print \"Enter last name:\",\n", + "name2 = raw_input()\n", + "printMessage(name1, name2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter first name:" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Jeff\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Enter last name:" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Kent\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Your name is Jeff Kent\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.12, page no. 194" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "multiple function arguments\n", + "note: in Python even if the arguments are reversed, it won't give an error as \n", + "we do not have to specipy the data type explicitly. The meaning or the context\n", + "of the output may change.\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def printMessage(thename, theage):\n", + " print \"Your name is \", thename, \" and your age is\", theage\n", + "\n", + "print \"Enter name:\",\n", + "name = raw_input()\n", + "print \"Enter age:\",\n", + "age = int(raw_input())\n", + "printMessage(name, age)\n", + "printMessage(age, name)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter name:" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Jeff\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Enter age:" + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "34\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Your name is Jeff and your age is 34\n", + "Your name is 34 and your age is Jeff\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.13, page no. 195" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "passing argument by reference\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def doubleIt(x):\n", + " print \"The number to be doubled is \", x\n", + " x *= 2\n", + " print \"The number doubled in doubleIt is \", x\n", + "\n", + "print \"Enter number: \",\n", + "num = int(raw_input())\n", + "doubleIt(num)\n", + "print \"The number doubled outside the function is \", num," + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter number: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "34\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " The number to be doubled is 34\n", + "The number doubled in doubleIt is 68\n", + "The number doubled outside the function is 34\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.14, page no. 196" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "pass by reference (address)\n", + "note: & sign is used in c++ to access a varibale by its address. There is no\n", + "such way or it is not a good practice to implement it. We will do the same in \n", + "some other way(there are multiple ways to achieve the same result)\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "li = [0]\n", + "def doubleIt():\n", + " print \"The number to be doubled is \", li[0]\n", + " li[0] *= 2\n", + " print \"The number doubled in doubleIt is \", li[0]\n", + " \n", + "print \"Enter number: \",\n", + "num = int(raw_input())\n", + "li[0] = num\n", + "doubleIt()\n", + "print \"The number doubled outside the function is \", li[0]" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter number: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "5\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " The number to be doubled is 5\n", + "The number doubled in doubleIt is 10\n", + "The number doubled outside the function is 10\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.15, page no. 197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "function to add two numbers\n", + "note: we are doing it in a differnt way then the one given in book\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "z = []\n", + "def addNumbers (a, b):\n", + " z.append(a + b)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print \"Enter first number: \",\n", + "firstNum = int(raw_input())\n", + "print \"Enter second number: \",\n", + "secondNum = int(raw_input())\n", + "addNumbers(firstNum, secondNum)\n", + "print firstNum, \" + \", secondNum, \" = \", z[0]" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter first number: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "3\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Enter second number: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "4\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " 3 + 4 = 7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "example 9.16, page no. 199" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"\"\"\n", + "returning value from function\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + "def addNumbers(x, y):\n", + " return x + y\n", + "\n", + "print \"Enter first number: \",\n", + "firstNum = int(raw_input())\n", + "print \"Enter second number: \",\n", + "secondNum = int(raw_input())\n", + "sum = addNumbers(firstNum, secondNum)\n", + "print firstNum, \" + \", secondNum, \" = \", sum\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Enter first number: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "4\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Enter second number: " + ] + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "5\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " 4 + 5 = 9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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