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diff --git a/Basic_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_A._Venkatesh/ch2.ipynb b/Basic_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_A._Venkatesh/ch2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..e0d9b70e --- /dev/null +++ b/Basic_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_A._Venkatesh/ch2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,458 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:6899d33957757e53b75082591aa468f495e3dee26f9772aa86059a86f9321499" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 2 : Work" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.1 Page No : 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "Force = 180 \t\t\t#in N \t\t\t#horizontal force\n", + "theta = 30 \t\t\t#in degrees \t\t\t#angle of inclination\n", + "distance = 12 \t\t\t#in m \t\t\t#distance moved by block along inclined plane.\n", + " \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "Work = Force * (distance * math.cos(math.radians(theta))) \t\t\t#in J \t\t\t# Work done\n", + "Work = 0.001 * Work \t\t\t# Work done in KJ\n", + "print \"Work done by block = %.4f KJ\"%(Work);\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Work done by block = 1.8706 KJ\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.2 Page No : 31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "mass_body = 2 \t\t\t#in kg \t\t\t#mass of body\n", + "L = 5 \t\t\t#in m \t\t\t#vertical distance\n", + "g = 9.8 \t\t\t#in m/s**2 \t\t\t#acceleration due to gravity\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "Work_done_by_agent = mass_body * g * L \t\t\t#in Nm \t\t\t#work done by agent\n", + "Work_done_by_body = -1*Work_done_by_agent\n", + "print \"Work done by agent = %.0f Nm\"%(Work_done_by_agent);\n", + "print \"Work done by body = %.0f Nm\"%(Work_done_by_body);\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Work done by agent = 98 Nm\n", + "Work done by body = -98 Nm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.4 Page No : 39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "from scipy.integrate import quad \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p1 = 1.5 * 10**(5) \t\t\t#N/m**2 \t\t\t#initial pressure in ballon\n", + "d1 = 0.25 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#initial diameter of balloon\n", + "d2 = 0.3 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#final diameter of balloon\n", + "p_atm = 10**(5) \t\t\t#N/m**2 \t\t\t#atmospheric pressure\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "\n", + "#Part (a)\n", + "print \"Part a\";\n", + "print \"As p is proportional to d, p = k*d, where k is proportionality constant\"\n", + "print \"Therefore,\";\n", + "\n", + "k = p1/d1;\n", + "print \"p1 = k*d1 => k = p1/d1 = %.2f/%.2f) = %.1e N/m**3\"%(p1,d1,k);\n", + "\n", + "p2 = k*d2; \t\t\t#N/m**2 \t\t\t#final pressure in balloon\n", + "print \"p2 = k*d2 = %.2f*%.2f) = %.1e N/m**2\"%(k,d2,p2);\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def f0(d): \n", + "\t return k*(math.pi/2)*(d**3)\n", + "\n", + "W_air = quad(f0,d1,d2)[0]\n", + "\n", + "print \"Work done by balloon on air = %.0f Nm\"%(W_air);\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t#Part (b)\n", + "print \"Part b\";\n", + "\n", + "def f1(d): \n", + "\t return p_atm*(0.5*math.pi*(d**2))\n", + "\n", + "W_atm = quad(f1,d2,d1)[0]\n", + "\n", + "print \"Work done by atmosphere on balloon = %.2f Nm\"%(W_atm);\n", + "W_balloon = -1*(W_air+W_atm);\n", + "print \"Work done by balloon = -Work done by air + Work done by atmosphere = -%.0f %.0f = %.0f Nm\"%(W_air,W_atm,W_balloon);\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part a\n", + "As p is proportional to d, p = k*d, where k is proportionality constant\n", + "Therefore,\n", + "p1 = k*d1 => k = p1/d1 = 150000.00/0.25) = 6.0e+05 N/m**3\n", + "p2 = k*d2 = 600000.00*0.30) = 1.8e+05 N/m**2\n", + "Work done by balloon on air = 988 Nm\n", + "Part b\n", + "Work done by atmosphere on balloon = -595.59 Nm\n", + "Work done by balloon = -Work done by air + Work done by atmosphere = -988 -596 = -393 Nm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5 Page No : 40" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p1 = 10 \t\t\t#bar \t\t\t#initial pressure\n", + "V1 = 0.1 \t\t\t#m**3 \t\t\t#initial volume\n", + "p2 = 2 \t\t\t#bar \t\t\t#final pressure\n", + "V2 = 0.35 \t\t\t#m**3 \t\t\t#final volume\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "print \"Let the expansion process follow the path pV**n = constant\";\n", + "print \"Therefore \"\n", + "n = (math.log(p1/p2))/(math.log(V2/V1));\n", + "print \"n = lnp1/p2/lnV2/V1 = ln%.2f/%.2f/ln %.2f/%.2f = %.4f\"%(p1,p2,V2,V1,n);\n", + "W_d = (p1*V1 - p2*V2)*10**5/(n-1) \t\t\t#J \t\t\t#Work interaction for pure substance\n", + "print \"Work interaction for pure substance = p1V1 - p2V2)/n-1) = %.2f kJ\"%(W_d*.001)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Let the expansion process follow the path pV**n = constant\n", + "Therefore \n", + "n = lnp1/p2/lnV2/V1 = ln10.00/2.00/ln 0.35/0.10 = 1.2847\n", + "Work interaction for pure substance = p1V1 - p2V2)/n-1) = 105.37 kJ\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.6 Page No : 41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "p1 = 1.0 \t\t\t#bar \t\t\t#initial pressure\n", + "V1 = 0.1 \t\t\t#m**3 \t\t\t#initial volume\n", + "p2 = 6 \t\t\t#bar \t\t\t#final pressure\n", + " \t\t\t#and p1*(V1**1.4) = p2*(V2**1.4)\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "#Part (a)\n", + "print \"Part a\";\n", + "V2 = V1*(p1/p2)**(1/1.4) \t\t\t#m**3 \t\t\t#final volume\n", + "print \"Final Volume = %.4f m**3\"%(V2);\n", + "\n", + "W_d = (10**5)*(p1*V1 - p2*V2)/(1.4-1); \t\t\t#J \t\t\t#Work of compression for air\n", + "print \"Work of compression for air = %.1f KJ\"%(W_d*.001);\n", + "\n", + "#Part (b)\n", + "print \"Part b\";\n", + "V2 = (p1/p2)*V1; \t\t\t#m**3 \t\t\t#final volume\n", + "print \"Final Volume = %.4f m**3\"%(V2);\n", + "\n", + "W_d = (10**5)*p1*V1*math.log(V2/V1); \t\t\t#J \t\t\t#Work done on air\n", + "print \"Work done on air = %.1f KJ\"%(W_d*.001);\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part a\n", + "Final Volume = 0.0278 m**3\n", + "Work of compression for air = -16.7 KJ\n", + "Part b\n", + "Final Volume = 0.0167 m**3\n", + "Work done on air = -17.9 KJ\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.7 Page No : 43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "#four-stroke engine\n", + "x = 3. \t\t\t#number of cylinders\n", + "y = 1. \t\t\t#engine is math.single-acting\n", + "n = 500. \t\t\t#rev/min \n", + "N = n/2 \t\t\t#cycles/min\n", + "D = 0.075 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#bore length\n", + "L = 0.1 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#stroke length\n", + "a = 6.*10**(-4) \t\t\t#m**2 \t\t\t#area\n", + "l = 0.05 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#length\n", + "S = 2.*10**8 \t\t\t#N/m**3 \t\t\t#spring constant\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "p_m = (a/l)*S \t\t\t#Pa \t\t\t#mep\n", + "\n", + "print \"Mean effective pressure, mep{Pm} = %.2f kPa\"%(p_m*.001)\n", + "A = (math.pi/4)*D**2 \t\t\t#m**2\n", + "\n", + "print \"Indicated power{P_ind} = %.2f kW\"%(x*y*p_m*L*A*N/60000)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mean effective pressure, mep{Pm} = 2400.00 kPa\n", + "Indicated power{P_ind} = 13.25 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8 Page No : 45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "from numpy import *\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "N = poly1d([.5,0]) \t\t\t#n is engine speed\n", + "x = 6 \t\t\t#six cylinders\n", + "y = 1 \t\t\t#assumed\n", + "d = 0.1 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#bore length\n", + "A = math.pi*(0.1)**2/4 \t\t\t#m**2 \t\t\t#Area\n", + "L = 0.15 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#stroke length\n", + "P_shaft = 24.78 \t\t\t#KW \t\t\t#Power of shaft\n", + "T = 474.9 \t\t\t#Nm \t\t\t#Torque in the crank shaft\n", + "l = 0.05 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#length of indicator diagram\n", + "a = 9.37*10**(-4) \t\t\t#cm**2 \t\t\t#area of indicator diagram\n", + "S = 0.5*(10**8) \t\t\t#N/m**3 \t\t\t#spring constant\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "p_m = a*S/l \t\t\t#mean pressure difference\n", + "print \"Mean pressure difference = %.2f N/m**2\"%(p_m);\n", + "\n", + "P_ind = (x*y)*p_m*(L*A*N/60000) \t\t\t#indicated power\n", + "#C = coeff(P_ind)\n", + "C = poly(P_ind)\n", + "print \"Indicated Power = %.6f n kW\"%(C[1])\n", + "\n", + "P_shaft = 2*math.pi*poly([1,0])*T/60000 \t\t\t#shaft power output\n", + "print \"Shaft power output in KW)= %.5f n kW\"%(P_shaft[0])\n", + "\n", + "#Mechanical_efficiency = poly(P_shaft,1)/coeff(P_ind,1)*100\n", + "Mechanical_efficiency = poly(P_shaft[1])/poly(P_ind[1])*100\n", + "print \"Mechanical Efficiency = %.0f %%\"%(-Mechanical_efficiency[1])\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mean pressure difference = 937000.00 N/m**2\n", + "Indicated Power = -0.055194 n kW\n", + "Shaft power output in KW)= 0.04973 n kW\n", + "Mechanical Efficiency = 90 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.9 Page No : 46" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Variables\n", + "d = 0.4 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#cylinder diameter\n", + "t = 10. \t\t\t#min \t\t\t#Time taken for stirring\n", + "L = 0.49 \t\t\t#m \t\t\t#distance moved by the piston\n", + "p_atm = 1. \t\t\t#bar \t\t\t#atmospheric pressure\n", + "W_net = -1965. \t\t\t#Nm \t\t\t#net work done\n", + "n = 750. \t\t\t#rev/min \t\t\t#rotational velocity of electric motor\n", + "I = 0.9 \t\t\t#A \t\t\t#current\n", + "V = 24. \t\t\t#V \t\t\t#voltage\n", + "\n", + "\t\t\t\n", + "# Calculations and Results\n", + "#Part(a)\n", + "print \"Part a\";\n", + "W_d = 10**5*p_atm * (math.pi/4) * d**2 * L; \t\t\t#Nm \t\t\t#work done by fluid on piston\n", + "print \"Work done by fluid on the piston = %.1f Nm\"%(W_d);\n", + "W_str = W_net - W_d; \t\t\t#Nm \t\t\t#Work done by stirrer\n", + "print \"Work done by stirrer on the fluid = %.1f Nm\"%(W_str);\n", + "P_shaft = abs(W_str)/(t*60); \t\t\t#W \t\t\t#shaft power output\n", + "print \"Shaft power output = %.2f W\"%(P_shaft);\n", + "T = (P_shaft*60)/(2*math.pi*n); \t\t\t#Nm \t\t\t#Torque in the driving shaft\n", + "print \"Torque in the driving shaft = %.3f Nm\"%( T);\n", + "\n", + "#Part(b)\n", + "print \"Part b\";\n", + "W_bat = I*V*t*60; \t\t\t#Nm \t\t\t#work done by battery\n", + "print \"Work done by battery = %.1f Nm\"%(W_bat);\n", + "W_motor = -1*(W_bat+W_str) \t\t\t#Nm \t\t\t#work done by motor\n", + "print \"Work done by motor = %.1f Nm\"%(W_motor);\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Part a\n", + "Work done by fluid on the piston = 6157.5 Nm\n", + "Work done by stirrer on the fluid = -8122.5 Nm\n", + "Shaft power output = 13.54 W\n", + "Torque in the driving shaft = 0.172 Nm\n", + "Part b\n", + "Work done by battery = 12960.0 Nm\n", + "Work done by motor = -4837.5 Nm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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