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-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "CH 7"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 7 :Transistor Biasing And Stabilization of Operation Point"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.1 Page No.230"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.1\n",
- "# Calculate\n",
- "#(a)Collector Current\n",
- "#(b)Collector-to-Emitter Voltage\n",
- "#for the circuit given in fig. 7.11\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=9.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n",
- "Rb=300*10**3 #Ohms, , base resistance\n",
- "Rc=2*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n",
- "Beeta=50.0 #current gain factor\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb\n",
- "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n",
- "Icsat=Vcc/Rc\n",
- "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"a) Base current is \",Ib,\"A\"\n",
- "print \"b) collector current is = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"collector saturation current is = \",Icsat/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n",
- "if Ic < Icsat:\n",
- " \n",
- " print\"Since Ic < Icsat \\nSo Transistor is not in saturation\" \n",
- "else:\n",
- " print \"Transistor is in saturation\"\n",
- "\n",
- "print \"c) The collector to emitter voltage is = \",Vce,\"V\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "a) Base current is 3e-05 A\n",
- "b) collector current is = 1.5 mA\n",
- "collector saturation current is = 4.5 mA\n",
- "Since Ic < Icsat \n",
- "So Transistor is not in saturation\n",
- "c) The collector to emitter voltage is = 6.0 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 21
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.2 Page No.230"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.2\n",
- "# Calculate Operating Point Coordinates of the Circuit 7.12a\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=10.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n",
- "Rb=100*10**3 #Ohms, base resistance\n",
- "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n",
- "Beeta=60 #current gain\n",
- " \n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb #A, base current\n",
- "Ic=Beeta*Ib #A, collector current\n",
- "Icsat=Vcc/Rc #A, collector saturated current\n",
- "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc #V, collector emitter voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"a) Base current is \",Ib*10**6,\"microA\"\n",
- "print \"b) collector current is \",Ic*10**3,\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"collector saturation current is \",Icsat*10**3,\"mA\"\n",
- "if Ic < Icsat:\n",
- " \n",
- " print\"Since Ic < Icsat \\nSo Transistor is not in saturation\" \n",
- "else:\n",
- " print \"Transistor is in saturation\"\n",
- "print \"c) The collector emitter voltage is \",Vce,\"V\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "a) Base current is 100.0 microA\n",
- "b) collector current is 6.0 mA\n",
- "collector saturation current is 10.0 mA\n",
- "Since Ic < Icsat \n",
- "So Transistor is not in saturation\n",
- "c) The collector emitter voltage is 4.0 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 23
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.3 Page No.231"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.3\n",
- "# Calculate quiescent Operating Point Coordinates of the Circuit\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=10.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n",
- "Rb=100*10**3 #Ohms, Base resistance\n",
- "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n",
- "Beeta=150 #current gain\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb #Base current\n",
- "Ic=Beeta*Ib #collector resistance\n",
- "Icsat=Vcc/Rc #A, collector saturation current\n",
- "Vce=0 #V, collector emitter voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"collector current is Ic = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"collector saturated current is \",Icsat*10**3,\"mA\" \n",
- "if Ic < Icsat:\n",
- " \n",
- " print\" Transistor is not in saturation.\" \n",
- "else:\n",
- " print \"Since Ic > Icsat \\n So Transistor is in saturation\"\n",
- "print \"collector emitter voltage is \",Vce,\"V\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "collector current is Ic = 15.0 mA\n",
- "collector saturated current is 10.0 mA\n",
- "Since Ic > Icsat \n",
- " So Transistor is in saturation\n",
- "collector emitter voltage is 0 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 25
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.4 Page No.231"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.4 (a)\n",
- "#find the Value of Rb so that a germanium resistor with\n",
- "#beeta =20 and Icbo= 2 micrometer draw an Ic of 1 mA.\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=6 #V,collector base junction voltage\n",
- "Vbe=0.3 #V,base emittor voltage\n",
- "Icbo=.000002 #A,colector leakage current\n",
- "Ic=.001 #A,collector current\n",
- "Beeta=20.0\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#Case 1: Considering Icbo and Vbe in the calculations\n",
- "Ib=(Ic-(Beeta+1)*Icbo)/Beeta\n",
- "print Ib\n",
- "Rb1=(Vcc-Vbe)/Ib\n",
- "print \"value of base resistance is =\",round(Rb1/1000,3),\"K ohm\"\n",
- "\n",
- "#Case 2: Neglecting Icbo and Vbe in the calculations\n",
- "Ib2=Ic/Beeta\n",
- "Rb2=Vcc/Ib2\n",
- "#Percentage Error\n",
- "E=(Rb2-Rb1)/Rb1*100\n",
- "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n",
- "print\"The Base Resistance (Neglecting Icbo and Vbe) is \",Rb2/1000,\"k ohm\"\n",
- "print\" Percentage Error is = \",round(E,3)\n",
- "\n",
- "#b Due to rise in temprature\n",
- "beeta1=25.0\n",
- "Icbo1=10.0\n",
- "Ic1=beeta1*Ib+(beeta1+1)*Icbo1*10**-6\n",
- "print \"Now collector current is \",round(Ic1*10**3,2),\"mA\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "4.79e-05\n",
- "value of base resistance is = 118.998 K ohm\n",
- "The Base Resistance (Neglecting Icbo and Vbe) is 120.0 k ohm\n",
- " Percentage Error is = 0.842\n",
- "Now collector current is 1.46 mA\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 40
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.5 Page No.235"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.5\n",
- "#how much is the emittor current in the circuit in fig. 7.17.\n",
- "#Also calculate Vc.\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=10.0 #V,collectoe base junction voltage\n",
- "Rc=500.0 #Ohms,colector resistance\n",
- "Rb=500000 #Ohms,base resistance\n",
- "Beeta=100.0 #current gain\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Ib=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta*Rc) #emittor currenr\n",
- "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n",
- "Ie=Ic\n",
- "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n",
- "Vc=Vce\n",
- "\n",
- "# Results \n",
- "print \"emittor current is \",round(Ie*1000,1),\"mA\"\n",
- "print\"The collector voltage is \",round(Vc,1),\"V\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.6 Page No.235"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.6\n",
- "#Calculate\n",
- "#(a)Minimum Collector Current\n",
- "#(b)Maximum Collector Current \n",
- "#in fig7.18 if beeta of the transistor varies within the limits indicated.\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=20.0 #V,collector base voltage\n",
- "Rc=2000.0 #Ohms.collector resistance\n",
- "Rb=200000.0 #Ohms,base resistance\n",
- "Beeta1=50.0 #current gain factor\n",
- "Beeta2=200.0\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation CASE-1: Minimum Collector Current\n",
- "#from fig 7.14\n",
- "Ibmin=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta1*Rc)\n",
- "Icmin=Beeta1*Ibmin\n",
- "#result\n",
- "print \"minimum base curent is \",round(Ibmin,6),\"A\"\n",
- "print \"minimum collector current is \",round(Icmin*1000,3),\"mA\"\n",
- "#Calculation CASE-2: Maximum Collector Current\n",
- "Ibmax=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta2*Rc)\n",
- "Icmax=Beeta2*Ibmax\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results \n",
- "print\"The maximum base current = \",round(Ibmax/10**(-3),6),\"A\"\n",
- "print\"The Maximum Collector Current = \",round(Icmax/10**(-3),2),\"mA\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.7 Page No.238"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.7\n",
- "#Calculate\n",
- "#(a)Ib\n",
- "#(b)Ic\n",
- "#(c)Ie in fig 7.22\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=10.0 #V collector junction voltage\n",
- "Rc=2000.0 #Ohms collector resistane\n",
- "Rb=1000000.0 #Ohms,base resistance\n",
- "Re=1000.0 #Ohms emittor resstance\n",
- "Beeta=100.0 #current gain\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Ib=Vcc/(Rb+(Beeta+1)*Re)\n",
- "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n",
- "Ie=Ic+Ib\n",
- "#Results \n",
- "print \" The Collector Current Ic = \",round(Ic*1000,3),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \" The Base Current Ib .\",round(Ib*1000000,2),\"microA\"\n",
- "print \" The Emitter Current Ie = \",round(Ie*1000,3),\"mA\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.8 Page No.239"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.8\n",
- "# Calculate(in fig 7.23)\n",
- "#(a)Minimum Emitter Current & corresponding Vce\n",
- "#(b)Maximum Emitter Current & corresponding Vce\n",
- "#the transistor used in the circuit is a germanium transistor\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=6 #V,collector bias junction volage\n",
- "Vbe=0.3 #V base emittor voltage\n",
- "Rc=50 #Ohms collector resistance\n",
- "Rb=10*10**3 #Ohms base resistance\n",
- "Re=100 #Ohms emittor resistance\n",
- "Beeta1=50 # gain factor\n",
- "Beeta2=200\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation CASE-1: Minimum Emitter Current & corresponding Vce\n",
- "Iemin=(Vcc-Vbe)*(Beeta1+1)/(Rb+(Beeta1+1)*Re)\n",
- "Vcemin=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Iemin\n",
- "#Calculatioen CASE-2: Maximum Emitter Current & corresponding Vce\n",
- "Iemax=(Vcc-Vbe)*(Beeta2+1)/(Rb+(Beeta2+1)*Re)\n",
- "Vcemax=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Iemax\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results \n",
- "print\"The Minimum Emitter Current Ie(min) is\",round(Iemin*1000,2),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"The Corresponding Vce = V .\",round(Vcemin,1),\"v\"\n",
- "print \"The Maximum Emitter Current Ie(max) = .\",round(Iemax*1000,1),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"The Corresponding Vce = V .\",round(Vcemax,1),\"v\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.9 Page No. 240"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.9\n",
- "#if the collector resistance Rc in fig. 7.23 is changed to 1 kohm\n",
- "# Calculate new Q points for \n",
- "#Minimum and Maximum value of Beeta\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=6.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n",
- "Vbe=0.3 #V, base emitter voltage\n",
- "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n",
- "Rb=10*10**3 #Ohms, base resistance\n",
- "Re=100.0 #Ohms, emitter resistance\n",
- "Beeta1=50 #current gain factor\n",
- "Beeta2=200\n",
- "Ie1=19.25*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=50, from example 7.8 \n",
- "Ie2=38.2*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=200, from example 7.8\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation (i)\n",
- "\n",
- "Ie1=19.25*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=50, from example 7.8 \n",
- "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Ie1 #V, collector emitter voltage\n",
- "Icsat1=Vcc/(Rc+Re) #collector saturated current\n",
- "Vcesat1=0\n",
- "print \"The collector voltage is Vcc \",Vcc,\"V\"\n",
- "print \"The collector emitter voltage is Vce\",Vce,\"V\"\n",
- "print \"Because Collector voltage is greater than collector emitter voltage so Transistor is in saturation \"\n",
- "print \"collector saturated current is \",round(Icsat1*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"collector emitter satirated voltage is\",Vcesat1,\"V\"\n",
- "\n",
- "# ii\n",
- "Icsat2=Icsat1\n",
- "Vcesat2=Vcesat1\n",
- "print \"(ii) collector saturated current is \",round(Icsat2*10**3,3),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"collector emitter satirated voltage is\",Vcesat2,\"V\"\n",
- "\n",
- "\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The collector voltage is Vcc 6.0 V\n",
- "The collector emitter voltage is Vce -15.175 V\n",
- "Because Collector voltage is greater than collector emitter voltage so Transistor is in saturation \n",
- "collector saturated current is 5.45 mA\n",
- "collector emitter satirated voltage is 0 V\n",
- "(ii) collector saturated current is 5.455 mA\n",
- "collector emitter satirated voltage is 0 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 48
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.10 Page No.240"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.10\n",
- "#Calculate Rb in the Biasing Circuit 7.24 so that q poin is fixed at Ic =8 mA and Vce=3 V\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=9 #V,collector bias junction voltge\n",
- "Vce=3 #V,collector emittor voltage\n",
- "Re=500 #Ohms,emittor resistance\n",
- "Ic=8*10**(-3) #A,collector current\n",
- "Beeta=80\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Ib=Ic/Beeta\n",
- "Rb=(Vcc-(Beeta+1)*Ib*Re)/Ib\n",
- "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n",
- "print\"The Base Resistance is :\",round(Rb/1000,5),\"kohm\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.11 Page No.242"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.11\n",
- "#Calculate DC Bias Voltages and Currents \n",
- "#in fig 7.27.\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=12.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n",
- "Vbe=0.3 #V base emitter junction voltage\n",
- "R1=40000.0 #Ohms resistance\n",
- "R2=5000.0 #Ohms resistance\n",
- "Re=1000.0 #Ohms emitter reistance\n",
- "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n",
- "Beeta=60\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Vb=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n",
- "Ve=Vb-Vbe\n",
- "Ie=Ve/Re\n",
- "Ic=Ie\n",
- "Vc=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n",
- "Vce=Vc-Ve\n",
- "# Results \n",
- "print\" V2= Vb \",round(Vb,1),\"v\"\n",
- "print\" Ve = \",round(Ve,1),\"v\"\n",
- "print\" Ie = \",round(Ie/10**(-3),1),\"mA\"\n",
- "print\" Ic = \",round(Ic/10**(-3),1),\"mA\"\n",
- "print\" Vc = \",round(Vc,0),\"v\"\n",
- "print\" Vce = \",round(Vce,0),\"v\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.12 Page No.243"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.12\n",
- "#In fig. 7.28 Calculate Re and Vce of the given Circuit Specifications\n",
- "#thr dc resistance of the primary of the output transformer is 20 ohm\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=15.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n",
- "R1=200.0 #Ohms resistor 1\n",
- "R2=100.0 #Ohms resistor 2\n",
- "Rc=20.0 #Ohms collector resistace\n",
- "Ic=.1 #A collector current\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Ie=Ic\n",
- "Vb=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n",
- "Ve=Vb # Neglecting Vbe\n",
- "Re=Ve/Ie\n",
- "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Ic\n",
- "# Results\n",
- "print\" The Emitter Resistance is Re = .\",Re,\"ohm\"\n",
- "print\" The Collector to Emitter Voltage is Vce = \",Vce,\"v\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.13 Page No.246"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.13\n",
- "#make use thevenin's theorem to Calculate accurate values of \n",
- "# Ic and Vce of the given Circuit 7.27\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=12.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n",
- "Vbe=0.3 #V base emitter voltage\n",
- "R1=40000.0 #Ohms given resistance\n",
- "R2=5000.0 #Ohms\n",
- "Re=1000.9 #Ohms emitter resistance\n",
- "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n",
- "Beeta=60\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Vth=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n",
- "Rth=R1*R2/(R1+R2)\n",
- "Ib=(Vth-Vbe)/(Rth+Beeta*Re)\n",
- "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n",
- "Vce=Vcc-Ic*(Rc+Re)\n",
- "\n",
- "# Results \n",
- "print \"collector current is \",round(Ic*1000,2),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"collector to emitter voltage = \",round(Vce,2),\"v\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 7.14 Page No.248"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "#Example 7.14\n",
- "#Calculate \n",
- "#(a)Ic\n",
- "#(b)Vce for emittor bias circuit \n",
- "#in fif 7.33\n",
- "\n",
- "#Given Circuit Data\n",
- "Vcc=12 #V collector bias junction voltage\n",
- "Vee=15.0 #V emittor bias junction voltage\n",
- "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n",
- "Re=10000.0 #Ohms emitter resistance\n",
- "Rb=10000.0 #Ohms base resistance\n",
- "Beeta=100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Ie=Vee/Re\n",
- "Ic=Ie\n",
- "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n",
- "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n",
- "print\" Ic = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n",
- "print\" Vce = \",Vce,\"v\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:a8e6eec0c3406a8b34f53cdcd04f5f3e158306e880eeefff72f3f3980fec597f"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 7 :Transistor Biasing And Stabilization of Operation Point"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.1 Page No.230"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=9.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n",
+ "Rb=300*10**3 #Ohms, , base resistance\n",
+ "Rc=2*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n",
+ "Beeta=50.0 #current gain factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb\n",
+ "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n",
+ "Icsat=Vcc/Rc\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"a) Base current is \",Ib,\"A\"\n",
+ "print \"b) collector current is = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"collector saturation current is = \",Icsat/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n",
+ "if Ic < Icsat:\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print\"Since Ic < Icsat \\nSo Transistor is not in saturation\" \n",
+ "else:\n",
+ " print \"Transistor is in saturation\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print \"c) The collector to emitter voltage is = \",Vce,\"V\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "a) Base current is 3e-05 A\n",
+ "b) collector current is = 1.5 mA\n",
+ "collector saturation current is = 4.5 mA\n",
+ "Since Ic < Icsat \n",
+ "So Transistor is not in saturation\n",
+ "c) The collector to emitter voltage is = 6.0 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.2 Page No.230"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=10.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n",
+ "Rb=100*10**3 #Ohms, base resistance\n",
+ "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n",
+ "Beeta=60 #current gain\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb #A, base current\n",
+ "Ic=Beeta*Ib #A, collector current\n",
+ "Icsat=Vcc/Rc #A, collector saturated current\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc #V, collector emitter voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"a) Base current is \",Ib*10**6,\"microA\"\n",
+ "print \"b) collector current is \",Ic*10**3,\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"collector saturation current is \",Icsat*10**3,\"mA\"\n",
+ "if Ic < Icsat:\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print\"Since Ic < Icsat \\nSo Transistor is not in saturation\" \n",
+ "else:\n",
+ " print \"Transistor is in saturation\"\n",
+ "print \"c) The collector emitter voltage is \",Vce,\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "a) Base current is 100.0 microA\n",
+ "b) collector current is 6.0 mA\n",
+ "collector saturation current is 10.0 mA\n",
+ "Since Ic < Icsat \n",
+ "So Transistor is not in saturation\n",
+ "c) The collector emitter voltage is 4.0 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.3 Page No.231"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=10.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n",
+ "Rb=100*10**3 #Ohms, Base resistance\n",
+ "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n",
+ "Beeta=150 #current gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb #Base current\n",
+ "Ic=Beeta*Ib #collector resistance\n",
+ "Icsat=Vcc/Rc #A, collector saturation current\n",
+ "Vce=0 #V, collector emitter voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"collector current is Ic = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"collector saturated current is \",Icsat*10**3,\"mA\" \n",
+ "if Ic < Icsat:\n",
+ " \n",
+ " print\" Transistor is not in saturation.\" \n",
+ "else:\n",
+ " print \"Since Ic > Icsat \\n So Transistor is in saturation\"\n",
+ "print \"collector emitter voltage is \",Vce,\"V\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "collector current is Ic = 15.0 mA\n",
+ "collector saturated current is 10.0 mA\n",
+ "Since Ic > Icsat \n",
+ " So Transistor is in saturation\n",
+ "collector emitter voltage is 0 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 25
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.4 Page No.231"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=6 #V,collector base junction voltage\n",
+ "Vbe=0.3 #V,base emittor voltage\n",
+ "Icbo=.000002 #A,colector leakage current\n",
+ "Ic=.001 #A,collector current\n",
+ "Beeta=20.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Case 1: Considering Icbo and Vbe in the calculations\n",
+ "Ib=(Ic-(Beeta+1)*Icbo)/Beeta\n",
+ "print Ib\n",
+ "Rb1=(Vcc-Vbe)/Ib\n",
+ "print \"value of base resistance is =\",round(Rb1/1000,3),\"K ohm\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Case 2: Neglecting Icbo and Vbe in the calculations\n",
+ "Ib2=Ic/Beeta\n",
+ "Rb2=Vcc/Ib2\n",
+ "#Percentage Error\n",
+ "E=(Rb2-Rb1)/Rb1*100\n",
+ "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n",
+ "print\"The Base Resistance (Neglecting Icbo and Vbe) is \",Rb2/1000,\"k ohm\"\n",
+ "print\" Percentage Error is = \",round(E,3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#b Due to rise in temprature\n",
+ "beeta1=25.0\n",
+ "Icbo1=10.0\n",
+ "Ic1=beeta1*Ib+(beeta1+1)*Icbo1*10**-6\n",
+ "print \"Now collector current is \",round(Ic1*10**3,2),\"mA\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "4.79e-05\n",
+ "value of base resistance is = 118.998 K ohm\n",
+ "The Base Resistance (Neglecting Icbo and Vbe) is 120.0 k ohm\n",
+ " Percentage Error is = 0.842\n",
+ "Now collector current is 1.46 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.5 Page No.235"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=10.0 #V,collectoe base junction voltage\n",
+ "Rc=500.0 #Ohms,colector resistance\n",
+ "Rb=500000 #Ohms,base resistance\n",
+ "Beeta=100.0 #current gain\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ib=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta*Rc) #emittor currenr\n",
+ "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n",
+ "Ie=Ic\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n",
+ "Vc=Vce\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results \n",
+ "print \"emittor current is \",round(Ie*1000,1),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print\"The collector voltage is \",round(Vc,1),\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.6 Page No.235"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Given Circuit Data\n",
+ "Vcc=20.0 #V,collector base voltage\n",
+ "Rc=2000.0 #Ohms.collector resistance\n",
+ "Rb=200000.0 #Ohms,base resistance\n",
+ "Beeta1=50.0 #current gain factor\n",
+ "Beeta2=200.0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation CASE-1: Minimum Collector Current\n",
+ "#from fig 7.14\n",
+ "Ibmin=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta1*Rc)\n",
+ "Icmin=Beeta1*Ibmin\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print \"minimum base curent is \",round(Ibmin,6),\"A\"\n",
+ "print \"minimum collector current is \",round(Icmin*1000,3),\"mA\"\n",
+ "#Calculation CASE-2: Maximum Collector Current\n",
+ "Ibmax=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta2*Rc)\n",
+ "Icmax=Beeta2*Ibmax\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results \n",
+ "print\"The maximum base current = \",round(Ibmax/10**(-3),6),\"A\"\n",
+ "print\"The Maximum Collector Current = \",round(Icmax/10**(-3),2),\"mA\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.7 Page No.238"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=10.0 #V collector junction voltage\n",
+ "Rc=2000.0 #Ohms collector resistane\n",
+ "Rb=1000000.0 #Ohms,base resistance\n",
+ "Re=1000.0 #Ohms emittor resstance\n",
+ "Beeta=100.0 #current gain\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ib=Vcc/(Rb+(Beeta+1)*Re)\n",
+ "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n",
+ "Ie=Ic+Ib\n",
+ "#Results \n",
+ "print \" The Collector Current Ic = \",round(Ic*1000,3),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \" The Base Current Ib .\",round(Ib*1000000,2),\"microA\"\n",
+ "print \" The Emitter Current Ie = \",round(Ie*1000,3),\"mA\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.8 Page No.239"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=6 #V,collector bias junction volage\n",
+ "Vbe=0.3 #V base emittor voltage\n",
+ "Rc=50 #Ohms collector resistance\n",
+ "Rb=10*10**3 #Ohms base resistance\n",
+ "Re=100 #Ohms emittor resistance\n",
+ "Beeta1=50 # gain factor\n",
+ "Beeta2=200\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation CASE-1: Minimum Emitter Current & corresponding Vce\n",
+ "Iemin=(Vcc-Vbe)*(Beeta1+1)/(Rb+(Beeta1+1)*Re)\n",
+ "Vcemin=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Iemin\n",
+ "#Calculatioen CASE-2: Maximum Emitter Current & corresponding Vce\n",
+ "Iemax=(Vcc-Vbe)*(Beeta2+1)/(Rb+(Beeta2+1)*Re)\n",
+ "Vcemax=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Iemax\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results \n",
+ "print\"The Minimum Emitter Current Ie(min) is\",round(Iemin*1000,2),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"The Corresponding Vce = V .\",round(Vcemin,1),\"v\"\n",
+ "print \"The Maximum Emitter Current Ie(max) = .\",round(Iemax*1000,1),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"The Corresponding Vce = V .\",round(Vcemax,1),\"v\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.9 Page No. 240"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=6.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n",
+ "Vbe=0.3 #V, base emitter voltage\n",
+ "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n",
+ "Rb=10*10**3 #Ohms, base resistance\n",
+ "Re=100.0 #Ohms, emitter resistance\n",
+ "Beeta1=50 #current gain factor\n",
+ "Beeta2=200\n",
+ "Ie1=19.25*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=50, from example 7.8 \n",
+ "Ie2=38.2*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=200, from example 7.8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation (i)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Ie1=19.25*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=50, from example 7.8 \n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Ie1 #V, collector emitter voltage\n",
+ "Icsat1=Vcc/(Rc+Re) #collector saturated current\n",
+ "Vcesat1=0\n",
+ "print \"The collector voltage is Vcc \",Vcc,\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"The collector emitter voltage is Vce\",Vce,\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Because Collector voltage is greater than collector emitter voltage so Transistor is in saturation \"\n",
+ "print \"collector saturated current is \",round(Icsat1*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"collector emitter satirated voltage is\",Vcesat1,\"V\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# ii\n",
+ "Icsat2=Icsat1\n",
+ "Vcesat2=Vcesat1\n",
+ "print \"(ii) collector saturated current is \",round(Icsat2*10**3,3),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"collector emitter satirated voltage is\",Vcesat2,\"V\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The collector voltage is Vcc 6.0 V\n",
+ "The collector emitter voltage is Vce -15.175 V\n",
+ "Because Collector voltage is greater than collector emitter voltage so Transistor is in saturation \n",
+ "collector saturated current is 5.45 mA\n",
+ "collector emitter satirated voltage is 0 V\n",
+ "(ii) collector saturated current is 5.455 mA\n",
+ "collector emitter satirated voltage is 0 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 48
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.10 Page No.240"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=9 #V,collector bias junction voltge\n",
+ "Vce=3 #V,collector emittor voltage\n",
+ "Re=500 #Ohms,emittor resistance\n",
+ "Ic=8*10**(-3) #A,collector current\n",
+ "Beeta=80\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ib=Ic/Beeta\n",
+ "Rb=(Vcc-(Beeta+1)*Ib*Re)/Ib\n",
+ "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n",
+ "print\"The Base Resistance is :\",round(Rb/1000,5),\"kohm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.11 Page No.242"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=12.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n",
+ "Vbe=0.3 #V base emitter junction voltage\n",
+ "R1=40000.0 #Ohms resistance\n",
+ "R2=5000.0 #Ohms resistance\n",
+ "Re=1000.0 #Ohms emitter reistance\n",
+ "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n",
+ "Beeta=60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Vb=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n",
+ "Ve=Vb-Vbe\n",
+ "Ie=Ve/Re\n",
+ "Ic=Ie\n",
+ "Vc=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n",
+ "Vce=Vc-Ve\n",
+ "# Results \n",
+ "print\" V2= Vb \",round(Vb,1),\"v\"\n",
+ "print\" Ve = \",round(Ve,1),\"v\"\n",
+ "print\" Ie = \",round(Ie/10**(-3),1),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print\" Ic = \",round(Ic/10**(-3),1),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print\" Vc = \",round(Vc,0),\"v\"\n",
+ "print\" Vce = \",round(Vce,0),\"v\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.12 Page No.243"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=15.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n",
+ "R1=200.0 #Ohms resistor 1\n",
+ "R2=100.0 #Ohms resistor 2\n",
+ "Rc=20.0 #Ohms collector resistace\n",
+ "Ic=.1 #A collector current\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ie=Ic\n",
+ "Vb=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n",
+ "Ve=Vb # Neglecting Vbe\n",
+ "Re=Ve/Ie\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Ic\n",
+ "# Results\n",
+ "print\" The Emitter Resistance is Re = .\",Re,\"ohm\"\n",
+ "print\" The Collector to Emitter Voltage is Vce = \",Vce,\"v\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.13 Page No.246"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=12.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n",
+ "Vbe=0.3 #V base emitter voltage\n",
+ "R1=40000.0 #Ohms given resistance\n",
+ "R2=5000.0 #Ohms\n",
+ "Re=1000.9 #Ohms emitter resistance\n",
+ "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n",
+ "Beeta=60\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Vth=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n",
+ "Rth=R1*R2/(R1+R2)\n",
+ "Ib=(Vth-Vbe)/(Rth+Beeta*Re)\n",
+ "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-Ic*(Rc+Re)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Results \n",
+ "print \"collector current is \",round(Ic*1000,2),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"collector to emitter voltage = \",round(Vce,2),\"v\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.14 Page No.248"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "Vcc=12 #V collector bias junction voltage\n",
+ "Vee=15.0 #V emittor bias junction voltage\n",
+ "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n",
+ "Re=10000.0 #Ohms emitter resistance\n",
+ "Rb=10000.0 #Ohms base resistance\n",
+ "Beeta=100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Ie=Vee/Re\n",
+ "Ic=Ie\n",
+ "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n",
+ "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n",
+ "print\" Ic = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print\" Vce = \",Vce,\"v\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": []
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2025-02-10 06:29:39 +0000