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diff --git a/Basic_Electronics_and_Linear_Circuits/ch7.ipynb b/Basic_Electronics_and_Linear_Circuits/ch7.ipynb deleted file mode 100755 index 7a081d42..00000000 --- a/Basic_Electronics_and_Linear_Circuits/ch7.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,610 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "", - "signature": "sha256:a8e6eec0c3406a8b34f53cdcd04f5f3e158306e880eeefff72f3f3980fec597f" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 1, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Chapter 7 :Transistor Biasing And Stabilization of Operation Point" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.1 Page No.230" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=9.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n", - "Rb=300*10**3 #Ohms, , base resistance\n", - "Rc=2*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n", - "Beeta=50.0 #current gain factor\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb\n", - "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n", - "Icsat=Vcc/Rc\n", - "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n", - "\n", - "#Result\n", - "print \"a) Base current is \",Ib,\"A\"\n", - "print \"b) collector current is = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n", - "print \"collector saturation current is = \",Icsat/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n", - "if Ic < Icsat:\n", - " \n", - " print\"Since Ic < Icsat \\nSo Transistor is not in saturation\" \n", - "else:\n", - " print \"Transistor is in saturation\"\n", - "\n", - "print \"c) The collector to emitter voltage is = \",Vce,\"V\"\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "a) Base current is 3e-05 A\n", - "b) collector current is = 1.5 mA\n", - "collector saturation current is = 4.5 mA\n", - "Since Ic < Icsat \n", - "So Transistor is not in saturation\n", - "c) The collector to emitter voltage is = 6.0 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 21 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.2 Page No.230" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=10.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n", - "Rb=100*10**3 #Ohms, base resistance\n", - "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n", - "Beeta=60 #current gain\n", - " \n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb #A, base current\n", - "Ic=Beeta*Ib #A, collector current\n", - "Icsat=Vcc/Rc #A, collector saturated current\n", - "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc #V, collector emitter voltage\n", - "\n", - "#Result\n", - "print \"a) Base current is \",Ib*10**6,\"microA\"\n", - "print \"b) collector current is \",Ic*10**3,\"mA\"\n", - "print \"collector saturation current is \",Icsat*10**3,\"mA\"\n", - "if Ic < Icsat:\n", - " \n", - " print\"Since Ic < Icsat \\nSo Transistor is not in saturation\" \n", - "else:\n", - " print \"Transistor is in saturation\"\n", - "print \"c) The collector emitter voltage is \",Vce,\"V\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "a) Base current is 100.0 microA\n", - "b) collector current is 6.0 mA\n", - "collector saturation current is 10.0 mA\n", - "Since Ic < Icsat \n", - "So Transistor is not in saturation\n", - "c) The collector emitter voltage is 4.0 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 23 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.3 Page No.231" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=10.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n", - "Rb=100*10**3 #Ohms, Base resistance\n", - "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n", - "Beeta=150 #current gain\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Ib=(Vcc)/Rb #Base current\n", - "Ic=Beeta*Ib #collector resistance\n", - "Icsat=Vcc/Rc #A, collector saturation current\n", - "Vce=0 #V, collector emitter voltage\n", - "\n", - "#Result\n", - "print \"collector current is Ic = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n", - "print \"collector saturated current is \",Icsat*10**3,\"mA\" \n", - "if Ic < Icsat:\n", - " \n", - " print\" Transistor is not in saturation.\" \n", - "else:\n", - " print \"Since Ic > Icsat \\n So Transistor is in saturation\"\n", - "print \"collector emitter voltage is \",Vce,\"V\"\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "collector current is Ic = 15.0 mA\n", - "collector saturated current is 10.0 mA\n", - "Since Ic > Icsat \n", - " So Transistor is in saturation\n", - "collector emitter voltage is 0 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 25 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.4 Page No.231" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=6 #V,collector base junction voltage\n", - "Vbe=0.3 #V,base emittor voltage\n", - "Icbo=.000002 #A,colector leakage current\n", - "Ic=.001 #A,collector current\n", - "Beeta=20.0\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "#Case 1: Considering Icbo and Vbe in the calculations\n", - "Ib=(Ic-(Beeta+1)*Icbo)/Beeta\n", - "print Ib\n", - "Rb1=(Vcc-Vbe)/Ib\n", - "print \"value of base resistance is =\",round(Rb1/1000,3),\"K ohm\"\n", - "\n", - "#Case 2: Neglecting Icbo and Vbe in the calculations\n", - "Ib2=Ic/Beeta\n", - "Rb2=Vcc/Ib2\n", - "#Percentage Error\n", - "E=(Rb2-Rb1)/Rb1*100\n", - "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n", - "print\"The Base Resistance (Neglecting Icbo and Vbe) is \",Rb2/1000,\"k ohm\"\n", - "print\" Percentage Error is = \",round(E,3)\n", - "\n", - "#b Due to rise in temprature\n", - "beeta1=25.0\n", - "Icbo1=10.0\n", - "Ic1=beeta1*Ib+(beeta1+1)*Icbo1*10**-6\n", - "print \"Now collector current is \",round(Ic1*10**3,2),\"mA\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "4.79e-05\n", - "value of base resistance is = 118.998 K ohm\n", - "The Base Resistance (Neglecting Icbo and Vbe) is 120.0 k ohm\n", - " Percentage Error is = 0.842\n", - "Now collector current is 1.46 mA\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 40 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.5 Page No.235" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=10.0 #V,collectoe base junction voltage\n", - "Rc=500.0 #Ohms,colector resistance\n", - "Rb=500000 #Ohms,base resistance\n", - "Beeta=100.0 #current gain\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Ib=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta*Rc) #emittor currenr\n", - "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n", - "Ie=Ic\n", - "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n", - "Vc=Vce\n", - "\n", - "# Results \n", - "print \"emittor current is \",round(Ie*1000,1),\"mA\"\n", - "print\"The collector voltage is \",round(Vc,1),\"V\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.6 Page No.235" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "#Given Circuit Data\n", - "Vcc=20.0 #V,collector base voltage\n", - "Rc=2000.0 #Ohms.collector resistance\n", - "Rb=200000.0 #Ohms,base resistance\n", - "Beeta1=50.0 #current gain factor\n", - "Beeta2=200.0\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation CASE-1: Minimum Collector Current\n", - "#from fig 7.14\n", - "Ibmin=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta1*Rc)\n", - "Icmin=Beeta1*Ibmin\n", - "#result\n", - "print \"minimum base curent is \",round(Ibmin,6),\"A\"\n", - "print \"minimum collector current is \",round(Icmin*1000,3),\"mA\"\n", - "#Calculation CASE-2: Maximum Collector Current\n", - "Ibmax=Vcc/(Rb+Beeta2*Rc)\n", - "Icmax=Beeta2*Ibmax\n", - "\n", - "#Results \n", - "print\"The maximum base current = \",round(Ibmax/10**(-3),6),\"A\"\n", - "print\"The Maximum Collector Current = \",round(Icmax/10**(-3),2),\"mA\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.7 Page No.238" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=10.0 #V collector junction voltage\n", - "Rc=2000.0 #Ohms collector resistane\n", - "Rb=1000000.0 #Ohms,base resistance\n", - "Re=1000.0 #Ohms emittor resstance\n", - "Beeta=100.0 #current gain\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Ib=Vcc/(Rb+(Beeta+1)*Re)\n", - "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n", - "Ie=Ic+Ib\n", - "#Results \n", - "print \" The Collector Current Ic = \",round(Ic*1000,3),\"mA\"\n", - "print \" The Base Current Ib .\",round(Ib*1000000,2),\"microA\"\n", - "print \" The Emitter Current Ie = \",round(Ie*1000,3),\"mA\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.8 Page No.239" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=6 #V,collector bias junction volage\n", - "Vbe=0.3 #V base emittor voltage\n", - "Rc=50 #Ohms collector resistance\n", - "Rb=10*10**3 #Ohms base resistance\n", - "Re=100 #Ohms emittor resistance\n", - "Beeta1=50 # gain factor\n", - "Beeta2=200\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation CASE-1: Minimum Emitter Current & corresponding Vce\n", - "Iemin=(Vcc-Vbe)*(Beeta1+1)/(Rb+(Beeta1+1)*Re)\n", - "Vcemin=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Iemin\n", - "#Calculatioen CASE-2: Maximum Emitter Current & corresponding Vce\n", - "Iemax=(Vcc-Vbe)*(Beeta2+1)/(Rb+(Beeta2+1)*Re)\n", - "Vcemax=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Iemax\n", - "\n", - "#Results \n", - "print\"The Minimum Emitter Current Ie(min) is\",round(Iemin*1000,2),\"mA\"\n", - "print \"The Corresponding Vce = V .\",round(Vcemin,1),\"v\"\n", - "print \"The Maximum Emitter Current Ie(max) = .\",round(Iemax*1000,1),\"mA\"\n", - "print \"The Corresponding Vce = V .\",round(Vcemax,1),\"v\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.9 Page No. 240" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=6.0 #V, collector bias junction voltage\n", - "Vbe=0.3 #V, base emitter voltage\n", - "Rc=1*10**3 #Ohms, collector resistance\n", - "Rb=10*10**3 #Ohms, base resistance\n", - "Re=100.0 #Ohms, emitter resistance\n", - "Beeta1=50 #current gain factor\n", - "Beeta2=200\n", - "Ie1=19.25*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=50, from example 7.8 \n", - "Ie2=38.2*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=200, from example 7.8\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation (i)\n", - "\n", - "Ie1=19.25*10**(-3) #A,for beeta=50, from example 7.8 \n", - "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Ie1 #V, collector emitter voltage\n", - "Icsat1=Vcc/(Rc+Re) #collector saturated current\n", - "Vcesat1=0\n", - "print \"The collector voltage is Vcc \",Vcc,\"V\"\n", - "print \"The collector emitter voltage is Vce\",Vce,\"V\"\n", - "print \"Because Collector voltage is greater than collector emitter voltage so Transistor is in saturation \"\n", - "print \"collector saturated current is \",round(Icsat1*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n", - "print \"collector emitter satirated voltage is\",Vcesat1,\"V\"\n", - "\n", - "# ii\n", - "Icsat2=Icsat1\n", - "Vcesat2=Vcesat1\n", - "print \"(ii) collector saturated current is \",round(Icsat2*10**3,3),\"mA\"\n", - "print \"collector emitter satirated voltage is\",Vcesat2,\"V\"\n", - "\n", - "\n" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "output_type": "stream", - "stream": "stdout", - "text": [ - "The collector voltage is Vcc 6.0 V\n", - "The collector emitter voltage is Vce -15.175 V\n", - "Because Collector voltage is greater than collector emitter voltage so Transistor is in saturation \n", - "collector saturated current is 5.45 mA\n", - "collector emitter satirated voltage is 0 V\n", - "(ii) collector saturated current is 5.455 mA\n", - "collector emitter satirated voltage is 0 V\n" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 48 - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.10 Page No.240" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=9 #V,collector bias junction voltge\n", - "Vce=3 #V,collector emittor voltage\n", - "Re=500 #Ohms,emittor resistance\n", - "Ic=8*10**(-3) #A,collector current\n", - "Beeta=80\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Ib=Ic/Beeta\n", - "Rb=(Vcc-(Beeta+1)*Ib*Re)/Ib\n", - "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n", - "print\"The Base Resistance is :\",round(Rb/1000,5),\"kohm\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.11 Page No.242" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=12.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n", - "Vbe=0.3 #V base emitter junction voltage\n", - "R1=40000.0 #Ohms resistance\n", - "R2=5000.0 #Ohms resistance\n", - "Re=1000.0 #Ohms emitter reistance\n", - "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n", - "Beeta=60\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Vb=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n", - "Ve=Vb-Vbe\n", - "Ie=Ve/Re\n", - "Ic=Ie\n", - "Vc=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n", - "Vce=Vc-Ve\n", - "# Results \n", - "print\" V2= Vb \",round(Vb,1),\"v\"\n", - "print\" Ve = \",round(Ve,1),\"v\"\n", - "print\" Ie = \",round(Ie/10**(-3),1),\"mA\"\n", - "print\" Ic = \",round(Ic/10**(-3),1),\"mA\"\n", - "print\" Vc = \",round(Vc,0),\"v\"\n", - "print\" Vce = \",round(Vce,0),\"v\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.12 Page No.243" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=15.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n", - "R1=200.0 #Ohms resistor 1\n", - "R2=100.0 #Ohms resistor 2\n", - "Rc=20.0 #Ohms collector resistace\n", - "Ic=.1 #A collector current\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Ie=Ic\n", - "Vb=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n", - "Ve=Vb # Neglecting Vbe\n", - "Re=Ve/Ie\n", - "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)*Ic\n", - "# Results\n", - "print\" The Emitter Resistance is Re = .\",Re,\"ohm\"\n", - "print\" The Collector to Emitter Voltage is Vce = \",Vce,\"v\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.13 Page No.246" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=12.0 #V collector bias junction voltage\n", - "Vbe=0.3 #V base emitter voltage\n", - "R1=40000.0 #Ohms given resistance\n", - "R2=5000.0 #Ohms\n", - "Re=1000.9 #Ohms emitter resistance\n", - "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n", - "Beeta=60\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Vth=(R2/(R1+R2))*Vcc\n", - "Rth=R1*R2/(R1+R2)\n", - "Ib=(Vth-Vbe)/(Rth+Beeta*Re)\n", - "Ic=Beeta*Ib\n", - "Vce=Vcc-Ic*(Rc+Re)\n", - "\n", - "# Results \n", - "print \"collector current is \",round(Ic*1000,2),\"mA\"\n", - "print \"collector to emitter voltage = \",round(Vce,2),\"v\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - }, - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 3, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Example 7.14 Page No.248" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "\n", - "Vcc=12 #V collector bias junction voltage\n", - "Vee=15.0 #V emittor bias junction voltage\n", - "Rc=5000.0 #Ohms collector resistance\n", - "Re=10000.0 #Ohms emitter resistance\n", - "Rb=10000.0 #Ohms base resistance\n", - "Beeta=100\n", - "\n", - "#Calculation\n", - "Ie=Vee/Re\n", - "Ic=Ie\n", - "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc\n", - "#Displaying The Results in Command Window\n", - "print\" Ic = \",Ic/10**(-3),\"mA\"\n", - "print\" Vce = \",Vce,\"v\"" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -}
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