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diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter25_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter25_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..884c7e96 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter25_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:0a9697b2451ba5bc5f24eb67c66ef466539d8d3c214c7c35bb64d3c339daf3f9" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 25: Elements of Electro-Mechanical Energy Conversion" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.1, Page Number:876" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "sod=15#stator-core outer diameter\n", + "sid=10.05#stator-core inner diameter\n", + "rod=10.00#rotor-core outer diameter\n", + "rid=5#rotor-core inner diameter\n", + "a=8#axial lenght of the machine\n", + "b=1.20\n", + "ur=1000\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=(3.14/4)*((sod*sod)-(sid*sid))*a#volume of stator-core\n", + "vr=(3.14/4)*((rod*rod)-(rid*rid))*a#volume of rotor-core\n", + "va=(3.14/4)*((sid*sid)-(rod*rod))*a#volume of air-gap in the machine\n", + "ed=(.5*b*b)/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7))\n", + "e=ed*va*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "edm=(.5*b*b)/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7)*ur)\n", + "es=edm*vs*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "er=edm*vr*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "kr=(vs+vr)/vs\n", + "ke=(es+er)/e\n", + "ratio=kr/ke\n", + "eratio=e/(es+er)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Energy stored in air gap= \",e,\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Energy stored in stator-core= \",round(es,2),\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Energy stored in rotor core= \",er,\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Ratio of energy dtored in air-gap to that stored in the cores=\",round(eratio)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Energy stored in air gap= 3.609 Joules\n", + "Energy stored in stator-core= 0.45 Joules\n", + "Energy stored in rotor core= 0.27 Joules\n", + "Ratio of energy dtored in air-gap to that stored in the cores= 5.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.2, Page Number:877" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800#turns\n", + "area=5*5#cross sectional area\n", + "i=1.25#amp\n", + "x=0.25#cm\n", + "l=0.402\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p=4*3.14*10**(-7)*area*10**(-4)/(0.5*10**(-2))\n", + "l=n**2*p\n", + "em=.5*i*i*l\n", + "W=-1*0.5*n**2*4*3.14*10**(-7)*area*10**(-4)*i**2/(0.5*10**(-2))**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)i)coil inductance=\",l,\"H\"\n", + "print \" ii)field energy stored=\",em,\"J\"\n", + "print \"b)mechanical energy output=\",W,\"NW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)i)coil inductance= 0.40192 H\n", + " ii)field energy stored= 0.314 J\n", + "b)mechanical energy output= -62.8 NW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.4, Page Number:882" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "lo=50#mH\n", + "xo=0.05#cm\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "x=0.075#cm\n", + "i2=3#A\n", + "x2=0.15#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "l1=2*lo/(1+(x/xo))\n", + "lambda1=l1*i2*10**(-3)\n", + "W=0.5*l1*i2**2*10**(-3)\n", + "l2=2*lo/(1+(x2/xo))\n", + "lambda2=l2*i2*10**(-3)\n", + "w2=0.5*i2*(lambda1-lambda2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)magnetic stored energy=\",W,\"J\"\n", + "print \"b)change in magnetic stored energy=\",w2,\"J\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)magnetic stored energy= 0.18 J\n", + "b)change in magnetic stored energy= 0.0675 J\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter26_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter26_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1af9bb80 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter26_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1600 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:fbc29937443ef7eae8e50df5118b16ddcc8ed6efb4b30db1cb412240bf7eac02" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 26: D.C. Generators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.3, Page Number:912" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=450#A\n", + "v=230#v\n", + "rs=50#ohm\n", + "ra=.03#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "E=v+va\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e.m.f. generated in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e.m.f. generated in the armature= 243.62 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.4, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=500#v\n", + "rs=250#ohm\n", + "ra=.05#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.03#ohm\n", + "b=1#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vs=ia*rseries\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "vb=ish*b\n", + "E=v+va+vs+vb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"generated voltage in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "generated voltage in the armature= 506.16 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.5, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=30#A\n", + "v=220#v\n", + "rs=200#ohm\n", + "ra=.05#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.30#ohm\n", + "b=1#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=i*rseries\n", + "vshunt=v+vs\n", + "ish=vshunt/v\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vb=b*2\n", + "E=v+vs+vb+(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"generated voltage in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "generated voltage in the armature= 232.552045455 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.6, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": true, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#v\n", + "i=150.0#A\n", + "rs=92.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.015#ohm\n", + "rd=0.03#ohm(divertor)\n", + "ra=0.032#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "sdr=(rd*rseries)/(rd+rseries)\n", + "tr=ra+sdr\n", + "vd=ia*tr\n", + "Eg=v+vd\n", + "tp=Eg*ia\n", + "pl=(ia*ia*ra)+(ia*ia*sdr)+(v*ish)+(v*i)\n", + "\n", + "#resuts\n", + "print \"i) Induced e.m.f.= \",Eg,\" V\"\n", + "print \"ii)Total power generated= \",tp,\" W\"\n", + "print \"iii)Distribution of the total power:\"\n", + "print \" power lost in armature= \", ia*ia*ra\n", + "print \"power lost in series field and divider= \", ia*ia*sdr\n", + "print \"power dissipated in shunt winding= \", v*ish\n", + "print \"power delivered to load= \", v*i\n", + "print \" ------------\"\n", + "print \"Total= \", pl" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i) Induced e.m.f.= 236.405 V\n", + "ii)Total power generated= 36051.7625 W\n", + "iii)Distribution of the total power:\n", + " power lost in armature= 744.2\n", + "power lost in series field and divider= 232.5625\n", + "power dissipated in shunt winding= 575.0\n", + "power delivered to load= 34500.0\n", + " ------------\n", + "Total= 36051.7625\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.7, Page Number:914" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=300000.0#w\n", + "v=600.0#v\n", + "sr=75.0#ohm\n", + "abr=0.03#ohm\n", + "cr=0.011#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.012#ohm\n", + "dr=0.036#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "io=p/v#output current\n", + "ish=v/sr\n", + "ia=io+ish\n", + "sdr=(rseries*dr)/(rseries+dr)\n", + "tr=abr+cr+sdr\n", + "vd=ia*tr\n", + "va=v+vd\n", + "pg=va*ia\n", + "W=pg/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage generatedby the armature= \",va,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Power generated by the armature= \",W, \"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage generatedby the armature= 625.4 V\n", + "Power generated by the armature= 317.7032 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.8, Page Number:915" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "phi=7*math.pow(10,-3)\n", + "z=51*20\n", + "a=p=4\n", + "n=1500#r.p.m\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Eg=(phi*z*n*p)/(a*60)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage generated= \",Eg,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage generated= 178.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.9, Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=8\n", + "phi=0.05#Wb\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "N=500#armature conductor\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=phi*(n/60)*(p/a)*N\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e.m.f generated= \",E,\" V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e.m.f generated= 500.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.10, Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=127#v\n", + "vt=120#v(terminal voltage)\n", + "r=15#ohms\n", + "i1=8.47#A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohms\n", + "fi=8#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Eg=v+(i1*ra)\n", + "ia=(Eg-vt)/ra\n", + "il=ia-fi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load current \",il,\" A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load current 350.47 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.11(a), Page Number:917" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "z=778\n", + "n=500\n", + "ra=0.24\n", + "rl=12.5\n", + "r=250\n", + "v=250\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=v/rl\n", + "si=v/r\n", + "ai=il+si\n", + "emf=v+(ai*ra)\n", + "phi=(emf*60*a)/(p*z*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current= \",ai,\" A\"\n", + "print \"induced e.m.f.= \",emf,\" V\"\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",round(phi*1000,2),\" mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 21.0 A\n", + "induced e.m.f.= 255.04 V\n", + "flux per pole= 9.83 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.11(b), Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "P=5000.0#w\n", + "P2=2500.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#v\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "z=120\n", + "N=1000#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "gc=P/v\n", + "li=P2/v\n", + "ti=gc+li\n", + "fc=1\n", + "ai=ti+fc\n", + "ard=ai*ra\n", + "emf=v+ard+2\n", + "phi=(emf*60*a)/(p*z*N)\n", + "ac_perparralelpath=ai/p\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Flux per pole= \",phi*1000,\" mWb\"\n", + "print \"Armature current per parallel path= \",ac_perparralelpath,\" A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Flux per pole= 129.1 mWb\n", + "Armature current per parallel path= 7.75 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.12, Page Number:918" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=125.0#V\n", + "n1=1000#rpm\n", + "n2=800#rpm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "bd=2.0#V(brush drop)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "R=v/i\n", + "E1=v+(i*ra)+bd\n", + "E2=(E1*n2)/n1\n", + "il=(E2-bd)/0.675\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load current when speed drops to 800 r.p.m.= \",round(il,2),\" A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load current when speed drops to 800 r.p.m.= 157.04 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.13, Page Number:918" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=900 #rpm\n", + "V=220#V\n", + "E=240#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "phi=10#mWb\n", + "N=8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(E-V)/ra\n", + "Z=(E*600*2)/(phi*math.pow(10,-3)*n*p)\n", + "#since there ae 8 turns in a coil,it means there are 16 active conductor\n", + "number_of_coils=Z/16\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current= \",ia,\" A\"\n", + "print \"number of coils= \",number_of_coils" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 100.0 A\n", + "number of coils= 500.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.14, Page Number:919" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=120.0#V\n", + "ra=0.06#ohm\n", + "rs=25#ohm\n", + "rsw=0.04#ohm(series winding)\n", + "il=100.0#A\n", + "#i)Long shunt\n", + "ish=V/rs\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "vd=ia*rsw\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=V+vd+vda\n", + "\n", + "print \"Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to long shunt= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Armature current when the machine is connected to long shunt=\",ia,\" A\"\n", + "\n", + "#i)Short shunt\n", + "vds=il*rsw\n", + "vs=V+vds\n", + "ish=vs/rs\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "vd=ia*rsw\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=V+vd+vda\n", + "\n", + "print \"Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to short shunt= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Armature current when the machine is connected to short shunt=\",ia,\" A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to long shunt= 130.48 V\n", + "Armature current when the machine is connected to long shunt= 104.8 A\n", + "Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to short shunt= 130.496 V\n", + "Armature current when the machine is connected to short shunt= 104.96 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.15, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=25000.0#W\n", + "V=500.0#V\n", + "ra=0.03#ohm\n", + "rs=200.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.04#ohm\n", + "vb=1.0#V\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "phi=0.02#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/V\n", + "ish=V/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "p=4\n", + "vds=ia*rseries\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "vdb=vb*2\n", + "E=V+vds+vda+vdb\n", + "Z=(E*60*4)/(phi*n*p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"The e.m.f. generated= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"The number of conductors=\",Z" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The e.m.f. generated= 505.675 V\n", + "The number of conductors= 1264.1875\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.16, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "e=240.0#V\n", + "z=792\n", + "phi=0.0145#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi_working=(e*60*2)/(n*z*p)\n", + "lambda_=phi/phi_working\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"Leakage coefficient= \",round(lambda_,1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Leakage coefficient= 1.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.17, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "phi=0.07#Wb\n", + "t=220\n", + "rt=0.004#ohm\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=2*t\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "rtotal=t*rt\n", + "r_eachpath=rtotal/p\n", + "ra=r_eachpath/a\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "V=E-vda\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Terminal Voltage= \",V, \" V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Terminal Voltage= 459.25 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.18, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "phi=0.07#Wb\n", + "t=220\n", + "rturn=0.004#ohm\n", + "rs=100.0#ohm\n", + "rsc=0.02#ohm\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=2*t\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "ra=0.055#ohm\n", + "ra=ra+rsc\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "v=E-va\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "i=ia-ish\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output= \",round(output/1000,3),\" kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output= 20.813 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.19, Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=1200#rpm\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "v=125#V\n", + "n2=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "vb=2#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E1=v+vb+(ia*ra)\n", + "E2=E1*n2/n1*0.8\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"Generated e.m.f. when field current is reduced to 80%=\",E2,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Generated e.m.f. when field current is reduced to 80%= 90.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.20(a), Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "rs=100.0#ohm\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "z=378\n", + "phi=0.02#Wb\n", + "rl=10.0#ohm\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "a=2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "V=(100.0/111.0)*E\n", + "il=V/rl\n", + "P=il*V\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Power absorbed by the load is= \",P,\" W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power absorbed by the load is= 5154.12710007 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.20(b), Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=300\n", + "phi=0.1#Wb\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.2#rpm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "il=90#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "ifield=E/rf\n", + "ia=ifield+il\n", + "V=E-(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Terminal voltage= \",V,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Terminal voltage= 481.2 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(a), Page Number:922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "e=250.0#V\n", + "d=350.0#mm\n", + "air_gap=3.0#mm\n", + "al=260.0#mm\n", + "fringing=0.8\n", + "coils=96\n", + "t=3\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=t*coils*2\n", + "a=p*2\n", + "phi=(e*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "di=d+air_gap\n", + "pole_arc=(3.14*di*fringing)/6\n", + "B=phi/(pole_arc*0.000001*al)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",phi,\" Wb\"\n", + "print \"effective pole arc lenght= \",pole_arc*0.001,\" m\"\n", + "print \"flux density= \",B,\" T\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 0.0434027777778 Wb\n", + "effective pole arc lenght= 0.147789333333 m\n", + "flux density= 1.12953862717 T\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 57 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(b), Page Number:922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=1200\n", + "e=250.0#v\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "b=35.0#cm\n", + "ratio=0.7\n", + "lpole=20.0#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pole_pitch=(b*3.14)/p\n", + "polearc=ratio*pole_pitch\n", + "pole_area=polearc*lpole\n", + "phi=(e*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "mean_flux=phi/(pole_area*math.pow(10,-4))\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Mean flux density= \",mean_flux,\" Wb/m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mean flux density= 0.649941505265 Wb/m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(d), Page Number:923" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=100.0#V\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.03#ohm\n", + "rs=60.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "va=v+(i*rseries)\n", + "ish=va/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "e=va+(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#long shunt\n", + "ishunt=v/rs\n", + "vd=ia*(ra+rseries)\n", + "e2=v+vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf generated(short shunt)\",e,\" V\"\n", + "print \"emf generated(long shunt)\",e2,\" V\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf generated(short shunt) 114.070666667 V\n", + "emf generated(long shunt) 114.123666667 V\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 73 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.22, Page Number:923" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "w=20000.0#W\n", + "v=220.0#v\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "rs=110.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.05#ohm\n", + "efficiency=.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=w/v\n", + "i_f=v/rs\n", + "ia=il+i_f\n", + "ip=w/efficiency#input power\n", + "total_loss=ip-w\n", + "copper_loss=(ia*ia*(ra+rseries))+(i_f*i_f*rs)\n", + "ironloss=total_loss-copper_loss\n", + "omega=2*3.14*n/60\n", + "T=ip/omega\n", + "\n", + "#omega\n", + "print \"Copper loss= \",copper_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"Iron and friction loss= \",ironloss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"Torque developed by the prime mover= \",T,\"Nw-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Copper loss= 1216.88892562 W\n", + "Iron and friction loss= 2312.52283909 W\n", + "Torque developed by the prime mover= 224.803297115 Nw-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.23, Page Number:928" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declartaion\n", + "power=10000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "z=534\n", + "cu_loss=0.64*1000#W\n", + "vbd=1.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=power/v\n", + "ra=cu_loss/(ia*ia)\n", + "E=v+(ia*ra)+vbd\n", + "phi=(E*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",phi*1000,\" mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 30.0 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.24(a), Page Number:928" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=195#A\n", + "pd=250#V\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "rsh=50#ohm\n", + "p=250#W\n", + "strayloss=950#W\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=pd/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=pd+vda\n", + "cu_loss=(ia*ia*ra)+(pd*ish)\n", + "output_prime=(pd*i)+strayloss+cu_loss\n", + "power_a=output_prime-strayloss\n", + "neu_m=(power_a/output_prime)\n", + "neu_e=(pd*i)/((pd*i)+cu_loss)\n", + "neu_c=(pd*i)/output_prime\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)e.m.f. generated= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \" b)Cu losses= \",cu_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \" c)output of prime mover= \",output_prime,\" W\"\n", + "print \" d)mechanical efficiency= \",neu_m*100,\" %\"\n", + "print \" electrical efficiency= \",neu_e*100,\" %\"\n", + "print \" commercial efficiency= \",neu_c*100,\" %\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)e.m.f. generated= 254.0 V\n", + " b)Cu losses= 2050.0 W\n", + " c)output of prime mover= 51750.0 W\n", + " d)mechanical efficiency= 98.1642512077 %\n", + " electrical efficiency= 95.9645669291 %\n", + " commercial efficiency= 94.2028985507 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.24(b), Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "il=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*il\n", + "total_loss=(v*i*0.5)+((il+i*0.5)*(il+i*0.5)*ra)+(v*i*0.5)\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Efficiency= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Efficiency= 87.8312542029 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 39 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.25, Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=196#A\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "stray_loss=720#W\n", + "rsh=55#ohm\n", + "e=0.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "inpute=output/e\n", + "total_loss=inpute-output\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "constant_loss=cu_loss+stray_loss\n", + "culoss_a=total_loss-constant_loss\n", + "ra=culoss_a/(ia*ia)\n", + "I=math.sqrt(constant_loss/ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load curent corresponding to maximum efficiency\",I,\" A\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load curent corresponding to maximum efficiency 122.283568103 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.26, Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "p=22*1000#w\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.05#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.06#ohm\n", + "efficiency=.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "I=p/v\n", + "ia=ish+I\n", + "vdseries=ia*rseries\n", + "cu_loss=(ia*ia*ra)+(ia*ia*rseries)+(rsh*ish*ish)\n", + "total_loss=(p/efficiency)-p\n", + "strayloss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "T=(p/efficiency*60)/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cu losses= \",cu_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"b)iron and friction loss= \",strayloss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"c)Torque exerted by the prime mover= \",T,\" N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cu losses= 1584.44 W\n", + "b)iron and friction loss= 1415.56 W\n", + "c)Torque exerted by the prime mover= 238.853503185 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.27, Page Number:930" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rsh=50#ohm\n", + "vdb=1#V(voltage drop per brush)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=i*r\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "E=v+(ia*ra)+(2*vdb)\n", + "totalpower=E*ia\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "efficiency=output/totalpower\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced e.m.f.= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"efficiency= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced e.m.f.= 214.0 V\n", + "efficiency= 77.8816199377 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.28, Page Number:930" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.02#ohm\n", + "ri=0.025#ohm\n", + "rsh=100#ohm\n", + "ironloss=1000#W\n", + "frictionloss=500#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "totalra=ra+rseries+ri\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "copperloss=ia*ia*totalra\n", + "shculoss=ish*v\n", + "total_loss=copperloss+ironloss+frictionloss+shculoss\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"F.L. efficiency of the machine= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "F.L. efficiency of the machine= 87.3089843128 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.31, Page Number:931" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=10.0*1000#W\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "rsh=160.0#ohm\n", + "mechcoreloss=500.0#W\n", + "culoss=360.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "i=output/v\n", + "ia=ish+i\n", + "culossa=ia*ia*ra\n", + "totalloss=culoss+mechcoreloss+culossa\n", + "inputp=output+totalloss\n", + "efficiency=output/inputp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Power required= \",inputp*0.001,\" kW\"\n", + "print \"efficinecy= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power required= 11.9780166667 kW\n", + "efficinecy= 83.486275552 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.32, Page Number:932" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=110*1000#W\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.01#ohm\n", + "rse=0.002#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=p/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "E=v+ia*(ra+rse)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced emf= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced emf= 226.024 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.33 Page Number:932" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "E=216.0#V\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "slots=144\n", + "con=6\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=con*slots\n", + "a=p\n", + "phi=(E*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "a=2\n", + "armatureE=(phi*z*n2*p)/(60*a)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the armature emf= \",armatureE,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the armature emf= 360.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter27_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter27_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..638b15f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter27_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,730 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:02f2208937b2d82cdc7150d6d9062a1310b3e2fcf2346b8c885c3f6fe2fe5405" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 27: Armature Reaction and Commutation" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.1, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=722\n", + "ia=100.0#A\n", + "theta_m=8.0#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 802.222222222\n", + "cross-magnetization= 3710.27777778\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.2, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "z=1280\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "commuter=160\n", + "advanced_segments=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/8\n", + "theta_m=advanced_segments*360/commuter\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 800.0\n", + "cross-magnetization= 1200.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.3(a), Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=880\n", + "ia=120.0#A\n", + "theta_m=3.0#degrees\n", + "n=1100#tturns/pole\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "iadditional=(atd_perpole/n)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"b)cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"c)additional field current=\",iadditional,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)armature demagnetization= 440.0 AT\n", + "b)cross-magnetization= 6160.0 AT\n", + "c)additional field current= 0.4 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.3(b), Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=480\n", + "ia=150.0#A\n", + "theta_m=10.0*2#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/4\n", + "total=(z*i)/(2*p)\n", + "atd_perpole=total*(2*theta_m/180)\n", + "atc_perpole=total*(1-(2*theta_m/180))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 500.0\n", + "cross-magnetization= 1750.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.4, Page Number:944" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=492\n", + "theta_m=10.0\n", + "ia=143.0+10.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=ia/2#wave wound\n", + "i2=ia/4#lap wound\n", + "atd_perpole1=z*i1*theta_m/360#wave wound\n", + "extra_shunt1=atd_perpole1/theta_m\n", + "atd_perpole2=z*i2*(theta_m/360.0)#lap wound\n", + "extra_shunt2=atd_perpole2/theta_m\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"wave wound:\"\n", + "print \"demagnetization per pole=\",atd_perpole1,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt field turns=\",int(extra_shunt1)\n", + "print \"lap wound:\"\n", + "print \"demagnetization per pole=\",atd_perpole2,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt field turns=\",int(extra_shunt2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "wave wound:\n", + "demagnetization per pole= 1045.5 AT\n", + "extra shunt field turns= 104\n", + "lap wound:\n", + "demagnetization per pole= 522.75 AT\n", + "extra shunt field turns= 52\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.5, Page Number:944" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pole=4\n", + "p=50*1000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "z=400\n", + "commuter=4\n", + "rsh=50.0#ohm\n", + "a=2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "segments=z/a\n", + "theta=pole*360.0/segments\n", + "atd=z*i*(theta/360)\n", + "extra=atd/ish\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"demagnetisation=\",atd,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt turns/poles\",extra" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "demagnetisation= 820.0 AT\n", + "extra shunt turns/poles 164.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.6, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=500\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "p=6\n", + "theta=10.0#degrees\n", + "lambda_=1.3\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atc=((1/(2.0*p))-(theta/360.0))*z*i\n", + "atd=z*i*theta/360\n", + "extra=lambda_*atd/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)cross magnetization ampere-turns=\",atc\n", + "print \"ii)back ampere-turns\",atd\n", + "print \"iii)series turns required to balance the demagnetising ampere turns\",int(extra)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)cross magnetization ampere-turns= 2777.77777778\n", + "ii)back ampere-turns 1388.88888889\n", + "iii)series turns required to balance the demagnetising ampere turns 9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 45 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.7, Page Number:945" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=22.38#kW\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "pole=4\n", + "z=840\n", + "commutator=140\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ish=1.8#A\n", + "back=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motor_input=p*1000.0/efficiency\n", + "input_i=motor_input/v\n", + "ia=input_i-ish\n", + "i=ia/2.0\n", + "theta=back*360/commutator\n", + "atd=z*i*(theta/360.0)\n", + "atc=((1/(2.0*pole))-(theta/360.0))*z*i\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization amp-turns/pole=\",atd\n", + "print \"distorting amp-turns/pole=\",atc" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization amp-turns/pole= 251.998140496\n", + "distorting amp-turns/pole= 2687.98016529\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.8, Page Number:945" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ia=1000#A\n", + "p=10\n", + "z=860\n", + "per=0.7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=ia/p\n", + "at=per/p*z*(i/2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"AT/pole for compensation winding=\",at" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "AT/pole for compensation winding= 3010.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.9, Page Number:948" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "segment=123\n", + "wb=3\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=n/60.0*segment\n", + "commutation=wb/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"commutation time=\",commutation*1000,\"millisecond\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "commutation time= 1.82926829268 millisecond\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.10, Page Number:948" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "d=30#cm\n", + "ia=150#A\n", + "wb=1.25#cm\n", + "L=0.07*0.001#H\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "v=3.14*d*(n/60)\n", + "tc=wb/v\n", + "E=L*2*i/tc\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"average emf=\",E,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "average emf= 19.782 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 65 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.11, Page Number:949" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "segments=55\n", + "n=900\n", + "wb=1.74\n", + "L=153*math.pow(10,-6)#H\n", + "i=27#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=segments*n/60\n", + "Tc=wb/v\n", + "E=L*2*i/Tc\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"average emf=\",E,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "average emf= 3.91732758621 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.12, Page Number:949" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=150.0#A\n", + "z=64\n", + "wb=1.2\n", + "L=0.05#mH\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "L=L*0.001\n", + "v=n/60*z\n", + "tc=wb/v\n", + "i=ia/p\n", + "#i.linear\n", + "E1=L*2*i/tc\n", + "#ii.sinusoidal\n", + "E2=1.11*E1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Linear commutation,E=\",E1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Sinosoidal commutation,E=\",E2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Linear commutation,E= 5.0 V\n", + "Sinosoidal commutation,E= 5.55 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.13, Page Number:951" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "B=0.5#Wb/m2\n", + "Ig=4.0#mm\n", + "ia=500.0#A\n", + "z=540\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "arm_mmf=z*(ia/p)/(2*p)\n", + "compole=int(B*Ig*0.001/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7)))\n", + "mag=0.1*compole\n", + "total_compole=int(compole+mag)\n", + "total_mmf=arm_mmf+total_compole\n", + "Ncp=total_mmf/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of turns on each commutating pole=\",int(Ncp)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of turns on each commutating pole= 11\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 89 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.14, Page Number:957" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p1=100.0#kW\n", + "V1=250#V\n", + "p2=300.0#kW\n", + "V2=250#V\n", + "i1=200#A\n", + "i2=500#A\n", + "il=600#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "delI1=p1/(p1+p2)*il\n", + "delI2=p2/(p1+p2)*il\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current supplied by generator 1 with additional load=\",delI1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Current supplied by generator 2 with additional load=\",delI2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current supplied by generator 1 with additional load= 150.0 A\n", + "Current supplied by generator 2 with additional load= 450.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 92 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.23, Page Number:963" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "va=400#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "vb=410#V\n", + "rb=0.4#ohm\n", + "V=390#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "loada=(va-V)/ra\n", + "loadb=(vb-V)/rb\n", + "pa=loada*V\n", + "pb=loadb*V\n", + "net_v=vb-va\n", + "total_r=ra+rb\n", + "i=net_v/total_r\n", + "terminal_v=va+(i*ra)\n", + "power_AtoB=terminal_v*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Voltage=\",terminal_v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Power=\",power_AtoB,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 15.3846153846 A\n", + "Voltage= 403.846153846 V\n", + "Power= 6213.01775148 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter28_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter28_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..447ef8ab --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter28_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:6743417a1c79c6197a7cd49755318e10828c09b3cb248c5af8d5364367840700" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 28: Generator Characteristics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.13, Page Number:984" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "#emf increases by 1 V for every increase of 6 A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "i=96#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "voltageincrease=i/6\n", + "vd=i*ra\n", + "voltage_rise=voltageincrease-vd\n", + "vconsumer=v+voltage_rise\n", + "power_supplied=voltage_rise*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage supplied ot consumer= \",vconsumer,\" V\"\n", + "print \"power supplied by the booster itself= \",power_supplied/1000,\" kW\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage supplied ot consumer= 234.08 V\n", + "power supplied by the booster itself= 1.35168 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.14, Page Number:985" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=50.0#V\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "i1=200.0#A\n", + "i2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vd=i*r\n", + "voltage_decrease=v-vd\n", + "feeder_drop=v*r\n", + "booster_voltage=v*v/i1\n", + "voltage_net=feeder_drop-booster_voltage\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Net decrease in voltage= \",voltage_net,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Net decrease in voltage= 2.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.15, Page Number:986" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "inl=5.0#A\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "il=6.0#A\n", + "i_full=200.0#A(full load)\n", + "turns=1600\n", + "\n", + "#calcuations\n", + "shunt_turns1=turns*inl\n", + "shunt_turns2=turns*il\n", + "increase=shunt_turns2-shunt_turns1\n", + "n=increase/i_full#number of series turns required\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of series turns required= \",n,\" tunrs/pole\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of series turns required= 8.0 tunrs/pole\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.16, Page Number:987" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#turns/pole\n", + "series_winding=4#turns/pole\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "increase_i=0.2#A\n", + "ia=80#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "additional_at=n*increase_i\n", + "current_required=additional_at/series_winding\n", + "R=(current_required*r)/(ia-current_required)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Divertor resistance= \",R,\" ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Divertor resistance= 0.0833333333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.17, Page Number:987" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rsh=50.0#ohm\n", + "rse=0.06#ohm\n", + "divertor=0.14#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#short shunt\n", + "vd=i*rse\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "armature_drop=ia*ra\n", + "E=v+vd+armature_drop\n", + "#long shunt\n", + "vd=ia*(ra+rse)\n", + "print vd\n", + "E2=v+vd\n", + "current_divertor=(ia*divertor)/(divertor+rse)\n", + "change=(current_divertor/ia)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)emf induced using short shunt= \",E\n", + "print \"b)emf induced using long shunt= \",E2\n", + "print \"c)series amp-turns are reduced to \",change,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "16.704\n", + "a)emf induced using short shunt= 236.44\n", + "b)emf induced using long shunt= 236.704\n", + "c)series amp-turns are reduced to 70.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.18, Page Number:988" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=250*1000#W\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "i=7#A\n", + "inl=12#A\n", + "shunt=650#turns/pole\n", + "series=4#turns/pole\n", + "rse=0.006#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i_fulload=p/v\n", + "shunt_increase=shunt*(inl-i)\n", + "ise=shunt_increase/series\n", + "i_d=i_fulload-ise\n", + "Rd=(ise*rse)/i_d\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"resistance of the series amp-turns at no-load\",Rd,\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of the series amp-turns at no-load 0.0212751091703 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.19, Page Number:988" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "p=60.0*1000#W\n", + "n=1600.0#turns/pole\n", + "inl=1.25#A\n", + "vnl=125#V\n", + "il=1.75#A\n", + "vl=150.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "extra_excitation=n*(il-inl)\n", + "ise=p/vl\n", + "series=extra_excitation/ise\n", + "ise2=extra_excitation/3\n", + "i_d=ise-ise2\n", + "rd=(ise2*0.02)/i_d\n", + "reg=(vnl-vl)*100/vl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)minimum number of series turns/pole= \",series\n", + "print \"ii)divertor resistance= \",rd\n", + "print \"iii)voltage regulation= \",reg,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)minimum number of series turns/pole= 2.0\n", + "ii)divertor resistance= 0.04\n", + "iii)voltage regulation= -16.6666666667 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.20, Page Number:989" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=50.0#v\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "i1=160.0#A\n", + "i2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#160 A\n", + "vd=i1*(r-(v/i))\n", + "#50 A\n", + "vd2=i2*(r-(v/i))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage drop at 160 A=\",vd,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage drop at 50 A=\",vd2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage drop at 160 A= 8.0 V\n", + "voltage drop at 50 A= 2.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter29_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter29_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3eda54f --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter29_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2343 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:f1e5688d45c7bb285838d2aad7b4c0c08dc93f4afbba4c253d97655938545a41" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 29: D.C. Motor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.1, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#as generator \n", + "eg=v+i*r\n", + "#as motor\n", + "eb=v-i*r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"as generator:eg=\",eg,\"V\"\n", + "print \"as motor:eb=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "as generator:eg= 230.0 V\n", + "as motor:eb= 210.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.2, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=Symbol('ia')\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "brush_drop=2#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n2=700#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl=v/i\n", + "eg1=v+i*r+brush_drop\n", + "eg2=eg1*n2/n\n", + "ia=solve(eg2-2-ia*r-2.5*ia,ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current delivered to the load=\",ia[0],\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current delivered to the load= 69.7692307692308 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.3, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "rf=200#ohm\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "im=output*1000/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=im-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"back emf=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "back emf= 425.642780749 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.4, Page Number:1000" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ra=0.06#ohm\n", + "rf=100#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#as generator\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "eb=v+ia*ra\n", + "power=eb*ia/1000\n", + "\n", + "print \"As generator: power=\",power,\"kW\"\n", + "\n", + "#as motor\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "power=eb*ia/1000\n", + "\n", + "print \"As generator: power=\",power,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "As generator: power= 26.12424 kW\n", + "As generator: power= 23.92376 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.5, Page Number:1000" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=32\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=12.0#A\n", + "ra=2.0#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "i2=5.0#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=i+v/rf\n", + "eg=v+ia*ra\n", + "phi=eg*a*60/(z*n*p)\n", + "#as motor\n", + "ia=i2-v/rf\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole=\",phi,\"wb\"\n", + "print \"speed of the machine=\",math.ceil(n),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 0.42375 wb\n", + "speed of the machine= 850.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.6, Page Number:1002" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=110#A\n", + "v=480#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "z=864\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "phi=0.05#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the speed=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the speed= 636.0 rpm\n", + "the gross torque= 755.568 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.7, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "z=782\n", + "ra=rf=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "phi=25*0.001#Wb\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "print \"the speed=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the speed= 705.0 rpm\n", + "the gross torque= 248.676 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.8, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb=250.0#V\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=eb*ia\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"machanical power=\",pm,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 79.5833333333 N-m\n", + "machanical power= 12500.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.9, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=800\n", + "load=8.2#kW\n", + "ia=45#A\n", + "phi=25*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "a=p/2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a/(phi*z*p)\n", + "tsh=load*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"developed torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "developed torque= 286.2 N-m\n", + "shaft torque= 270.618131415 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.10, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=2*i\n", + "fb1=v-(i*ra)\n", + "eb2=v-(ia2*ra)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/fb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when torque is doubled=\",n2,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when torque is doubled= 476.19047619 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.11, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=Symbol('r')\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "ra=0.24#ohm\n", + "vd=2#v\n", + "i=1.8#A\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "il=input_m/v\n", + "tsh=9.55*load*1000/n\n", + "il=ratio*il\n", + "ia=il-i\n", + "r=solve(ia*(r+ra)+vd-v,r)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full-load line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"full-load shaft torque\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"total resistance=\",r[0],\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load line current= 124.333333333 A\n", + "full-load shaft torque 356.215 N-m\n", + "total resistance= 3.82420021762787 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.12, Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "z=540\n", + "i=32#A\n", + "output=5.595#kW\n", + "ra=0.09#ohm\n", + "i_f=1#A\n", + "phi=30*0.001#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=i-i_f\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(phi*z*p)\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",tsh*1000,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 804.481481481 rpm\n", + "torque developed= 66.4182473183 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(a), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "load=20.0#kW\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "phi=0.04#Wb\n", + "z=160\n", + "il=95.0#A\n", + "inl=9.0#A\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#no load\n", + "ea0=v-(inl-i)*ra\n", + "n0=ea0*a*60/(phi*z*p)\n", + "#load\n", + "ea=v-(il-i)*ra\n", + "n=ea*n0/ea0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no-load speed=\",n0,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"load speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no-load speed= 1030.5 rpm\n", + "load speed= 1014.375 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(b), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "i=400#A\n", + "n=350#rpm\n", + "phi=80*0.001#Wb\n", + "z=600*2\n", + "loss=0.03#percentage\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=phi*z*n*p/(60*a)\n", + "pa=e*i\n", + "t=pa/(2*3.14*n/60)\n", + "t_net=0.97*t\n", + "bhp=t_net*36.67*0.001/0.746\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"brake-horse-power\",bhp,\"HP\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "brake-horse-power 291.551578696 HP\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 66 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(c), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=774\n", + "phi=24*0.001#Wb\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculations\n", + "t=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 295.3584 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(d), Page Number:1005" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "il=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ih=v/rf\n", + "pi=v*i\n", + "cu_loss_f=cu_loss=v*ih\n", + "output=v*il\n", + "cu_loss_a=(il+ih)**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_a+cu_loss_f\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 87.8312542029 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(e), Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable delcration\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "loss=0.5#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*(ra+rf)\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+loss*1000\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output of the motor=\",output/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output of the motor= 7.82 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 88 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.14, Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=400.0#N\n", + "d=10.0#cm\n", + "n=840#rpm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n1=1800#rpm\n", + "efficiency=.80\n", + "d2=24.0#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "tsh=f*d*0.01/2\n", + "output=tsh*2*3.14*n/60\n", + "input_m=output/efficiency\n", + "i=input_m/v\n", + "d1=n*d2/n1\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"current taken by the motor=\",round(i),\"A\"\n", + "print \"size of motor pulley=\",d1,\"cm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current taken by the motor= 10.0 A\n", + "size of motor pulley= 11.2 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.15, Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=280\n", + "ia=45.0#A\n", + "phi=18*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.5+0.3#ohm\n", + "loss=800.0#W\n", + "d=0.41\n", + "a=4\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*60*a/(phi*z*p*4)\n", + "inpt=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=inpt-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "f=tsh*2/d\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pull at the rim of the pulley=\",f,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pull at the rim of the pulley= 628.016180845 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 102 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.16, Page Number:1007" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "output=11.19#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "i=1#A\n", + "z=540\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "vd=1#V\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "tsh=9.55*output*1000/n\n", + "phi=eb*60*a*1000/(z*n*p)\n", + "input_a=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=ia*2\n", + "power=input_a-(cu_loss+brush_loss)\n", + "rotational_loss=power-output*1000\n", + "input_m=v*(ia+i)\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"total torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"flux/pole=\",phi,\"mWb\"\n", + "print \"rotational losses=\",rotational_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total torque= 112.2125 N-m\n", + "useful torque= 106.8645 N-m\n", + "flux/pole= 13.0555555556 mWb\n", + "rotational losses= 460.0 W\n", + "efficiency= 91.4215686275 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 106 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.17, Page Number:1007" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#v\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "i2=30.0#A\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t2_by_t1=i2**2/i**2\n", + "change=(1-t2_by_t1)*100#percentage\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-i2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*i*n/(eb1*i2)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in torque=\",change,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 679.127725857 rpm\n", + "percentage change in torque= 43.75 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.18, Page Number:1008" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#V\n", + "output=55.95#kW\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "I=252.8#kg-m2\n", + "ia1=1.4\n", + "ia2=1.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(ia1+ia2)/2\n", + "n=n/60.0\n", + "tsh=output*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "torque_avg=(ia-1)*tsh\n", + "dt=(I*2*3.14*n)/torque_avg\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"approximate time to attain full speed=\",dt,\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "approximate time to attain full speed= 46.4050282991 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.19, Page Number:1008" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=14.92#kW\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "n=400.0#rpm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "I=7.5#kg-m2\n", + "ratio=1.2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n=n/60\n", + "t=output*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "torque=(ratio-1)*t\n", + "dt=(I*2*3.14*n)/torque\n", + "\n", + "print \"time to attain full speed=\",dt,\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "time to attain full speed= 4.4055406613 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 138 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.20, Page Number:1009" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=944\n", + "phi=34.6*0.001#Wb\n", + "ta=209.0#N-m\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "ra=3.0#ohm\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=ta/(0.159*phi*z*(p/a))\n", + "ea=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=ea/(phi*z*(p/a))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n*60,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= 20.1219966813 A\n", + "speed= 403.798260345 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.21, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#v\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=8#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i2=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "eb0=v-(ia-ish)*ra\n", + "eb=v-(i2-ish)*ra\n", + "n=eb*n/eb0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when loaded=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when loaded= 966.21078037 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 144 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.22, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ia=100#A\n", + "v=230#V\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "ia2=25#A\n", + "ratio=0.45\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-(ra+rf)*ia\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which motor runs=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which motor runs= 1940.37940379 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 148 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.23, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=115.0#ohm\n", + "n1=1200#rpm\n", + "ia=2.5#A\n", + "n2=1120#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ra*ia\n", + "x=n2*eb1/n1\n", + "ia2=solve((v-ra*ia2)-x,ia2)\n", + "ia=ia2[0]+(v/rf)\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",round(ia,1),\"A\"\n", + "print \"power input=\",round(input_m,1),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= 35.0 A\n", + "power input= 8050.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.24, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "power=100.0#kW\n", + "n1=300#rpm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "load=10.0#kW\n", + "ra=0.025#ohm\n", + "rf=60.0#ohm\n", + "vd=1.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=power*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "eb=v+ia*ra+2*vd\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-2*vd\n", + "n2=eb2*n1/eb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 278.796797778 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 174 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.25, Page Number:1011" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ia=4.0#A\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.04#percentage by whih armature reaction weakens field\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia2=ia-ish\n", + "eb0=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n0=n*eb0/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*n0/(eb0*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of machine=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of machine= 960.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.26, Page Number:1011" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ooutput=14.92#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=75#A\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb_inst=eb1*(1-ratio)\n", + "ia_inst=(v-eb_inst)/ra\n", + "t_inst=9.55*eb_inst*ia_inst/n\n", + "ia2=i/(1-ratio)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 93.75 A\n", + "speed= 1224.66216216 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 191 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.27, Page Number:1012" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=4.0#A\n", + "n=700.0#rpm\n", + "rf=100.0#A\n", + "v2=6.0#V\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "input_m=8.0#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "il=input_m*1000/v\n", + "ia=il-ish\n", + "ra=v2/i2\n", + "eb0=v-ish*ra\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*n/eb0\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "inpt=v*i\n", + "cu_loss=ish**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=inpt-cu_loss\n", + "cu_loss_arm=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_arm\n", + "output=input_m*1000-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(input_m*1000)\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed on load=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "speed on load= 623.943661972 rpm\n", + "torque= 103.0636 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 79.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 197 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.28, Page Number:1012" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabe declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=11#kW\n", + "inl=5#A\n", + "n_nl=1150#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_nl=v*inl\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia0=inl-ish\n", + "cu_loss_nl=ia1**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss_nl\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss_a+constant_loss\n", + "output=load*1000-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(load*1000)\n", + "eb_nl=v-(ia0*ra)\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=n_nl*eb/eb_nl\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"the speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque developed= 87.096 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 79.5361818182 %\n", + "the speed= 1031.57894737 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 200 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.29, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "vb=3#V\n", + "rf=0.05#ohm\n", + "ia=80.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "i2=100.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-i2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=eb2*ia*n/(eb1*i2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when current is 100 A=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when current is 100 A= 473.949579832 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.30, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "ra=0.1\n", + "ratio=1.0/2.0\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia1=i*math.sqrt(ratio)\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia1*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*i*n/(eb1*ia1)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when motor will run when developing half the torque=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when motor will run when developing half the torque= 1147.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.31, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "ia=25#A\n", + "v=450#V\n", + "z=500\n", + "phi=1.7*0.01*math.pow(ia,0.5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=n*phi*z*p/(60*a)\n", + "iara=v-eb\n", + "ra=iara/ia\n", + "i=math.pow((phi*ia*math.sqrt(ia)/(phi*2)),2.0/3.0)\n", + "eb2=v/2-i*ra\n", + "phi2=1.7*0.01*math.pow(i,0.5)\n", + "n2=eb2*phi*n/(eb*phi2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which motor will run=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which motor will run= 372.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 224 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.32, Page Number:1017" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "def f(ia,t):\n", + " n=(v*ia-ia**2*ra)*60/(2*3.14*t)\n", + " return(n)\n", + "\n", + "n1=f(20.0,128.8)\n", + "n2=f(30.0,230.5)\n", + "n3=f(40.0,349.8)\n", + "n4=f(50.0,469.2)\n", + "T=[128.8,230.5,349.8,469.2]\n", + "N=[n1,n2,n3,n4]\n", + "a=plot(T,N)\n", + "xlabel(\"Torque(NM.m)\") \n", + "ylabel(\"Speed(rpm)\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,500))\n", + "plt.ylim((0,800))\n", + "show(a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg\n", + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.33, Page Number:1017" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=5.968#kW\n", + "n=700#rpm\n", + "v1=500#V\n", + "n2=600#rpm\n", + "ra=3.5#ohm\n", + "loss=450#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "def fp(i,v):\n", + " p=5.968*((n2*(v1-i*ra)/(v*n))**2)\n", + " return(p)\n", + "\n", + "def fm(i,v):\n", + " m=((v1-i*ra)*i-loss)/1000\n", + " return(m)\n", + "\n", + "p1=fp(7.0,347.0)\n", + "p2=fp(10.5,393.0)\n", + "p3=fp(14.0,434.0)\n", + "p4=fp(27.5,468.0)\n", + "\n", + "m1=fm(7.0,347.8)\n", + "m2=fm(10.5,393.0)\n", + "m3=fm(14.0,434.0)\n", + "m4=fm(27.5,468.0)\n", + "\n", + "#plot\n", + "I=[7,10.5,14,27.5]\n", + "P=[p1,p2,p3,p4]\n", + "M=[m1,m2,m3,m4]\n", + "a=plot(I,P)\n", + "a=plot(I,M)\n", + "xlabel(\"Current\") \n", + "ylabel(\"Power(kW)\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,30))\n", + "plt.ylim((0,12))\n", + "show(a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.34, Page Number:1022" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "i=3#A\n", + "ia=3.5#A\n", + "ib=4.5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "loss=v*i\n", + "#B unexcited\n", + "loss1=v*(ia-i)\n", + "#B excited\n", + "loss2=v*(ib-i)\n", + "loss=loss2-loss1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"iron losses of B=\",loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "iron losses of B= 500.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.35, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=110.0#ohm\n", + "ia=5.0#A\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "i2=52.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "ia2=i2-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=round(eb2*n/eb1,0)\n", + "input_nl=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss_nl=ia1**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss_nl\n", + "cu_loss_l=ia2**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_l\n", + "input_l=v*i2\n", + "output=input_l-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.36, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=5#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "ratio=0.03#percentage by which armature reaction weakens field\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 994.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 241 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.37, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ia=5#A\n", + "ra=0.22#A\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia0=ia-ish\n", + "eb0=v-ia0*ra\n", + "cu_loss=ia0**2*ra\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "constant_loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+constant_loss\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "per=(eb-eb0)*100/eb0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in speed=\",round(per,2),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 90.8 %\n", + "percentage change in speed= -4.19 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 244 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.38, Page Number:1024" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=25#A\n", + "i2=50#A\n", + "ratio=0.03#percentage by which the armature reaction weakens field\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "vd=1\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ebh=v-ia1*ra-2*vd\n", + "ia2=i2-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-2*vd\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(ebh*(1-ratio))\n", + "ta1=9.55*eb1*ia1/n\n", + "ta2=9.55*eb2*ia2/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque in first case=\",ta1,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"torque in second case=\",ta2,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1010.0 rpm\n", + "torque in first case= 57.11664 N-m\n", + "torque in second case= 110.3912768 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 247 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.39, Page Number:1024" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "n1=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ia=4.0#A\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.04#percentage by which the armature reaction weakens field\n", + "eb1=250.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "eb2=v-(i-ish)*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "cu_loss=(ia-ish)**2*ra\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "constant_loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "cu_loss_a=(i-ish)**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_a\n", + "inpt=v*i\n", + "output=inpt-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 960.0 rpm\n", + "efficiency= 82.44 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 254 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.40, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "z=120*8\n", + "a=4\n", + "phi=20*0.001#Wb\n", + "i=25#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "loss=810#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(p*z*phi)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_shunt=v*ish\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss+cu_loss_shunt\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross torque= 70.288 N-m\n", + "useful torque= 60.2946209124 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 78.1936 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 256 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.41, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=14.92#kW\n", + "n=1150#rpm\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "z=620\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "i=74.8#A\n", + "i2=3#A\n", + "v=230#V\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=i-i2\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "phi=eb*a*60/(p*z*n)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "power=eb*ia\n", + "loss_rot=power-output*1000\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output*1000\n", + "per=total_loss*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole=\",phi*1000,\"mWb\"\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"rotational losses=\",loss_rot,\"W\"\n", + "print \"total losses expressed as a percentage of power=\",per,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 9.07321178121 mWb\n", + "torque developed= 128.575818783 N-m\n", + "rotational losses= 562.952 W\n", + "total losses expressed as a percentage of power= 13.2759823297 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 263 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.42, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia1=Symbol('ia1')\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ra*ia**2\n", + "loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ia1=solve(ra*ia1**2-v*ia1+output*1000+loss,ia1)\n", + "i2=ia1[0]+ish\n", + "input_m1=v*i2\n", + "efficiency=output*100000/input_m1\n", + "ia=math.sqrt((input_m-cu_loss_a)/ra)\n", + "input_a=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "output_a=input_a-(cu_loss+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"output power at which efficiency is maximum=\",output_a/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 79.5621535016683 %\n", + "output power at which efficiency is maximum= 10.2179357944 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 271 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.43, Page Number:1026" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n2_by_n1=1.0/2.0\n", + "ia2_by_ia1=phi1_by_phi2=1.0/2.0\n", + "v2_by_v1=n2_by_n1*phi1_by_phi2\n", + "reduction_v=(1-v2_by_v1)*100\n", + "reduction_i=(1-ia2_by_ia1)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction in the motor terminal voltage=\",reduction_v,\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage fall in the motor current=\",reduction_i,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction in the motor terminal voltage= 75.0 %\n", + "percentage fall in the motor current= 50.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 272 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.44, Page Number:1026" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "z=1200\n", + "phi=20*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "loss=900#W\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(p*z*phi)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_f=v*ish\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_f+loss\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output=\",output/1000,\"Kw\"\n", + "print \"efficiency==\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "useful torque= 206.28 N-m\n", + "output= 7.938 Kw\n", + "efficiency== 79.38 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 275 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.45, Page Number:1027" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia1=Symbol('ia1')\n", + "output=37.3*1000#W\n", + "v=460#V\n", + "i=4#A\n", + "n=660#rpm\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "rf=270#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia**2*ra\n", + "input_a=loss=v*ia\n", + "ia1=solve(ra*ia1**2-v*ia1+output+loss,ia1)\n", + "i=ia1[0]+ish\n", + "eb1=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "eb2=v-(ia1[0]*ra)\n", + "n2=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "ia=math.sqrt((cu_loss+input_a)/ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the current input=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"armature current at which efficiency is maximum=\",ia,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the current input= 90.2860908863713 A\n", + "speed= 623.0 rpm\n", + "armature current at which efficiency is maximum= 78.3156008298 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 280 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter30_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter30_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ce13ea95 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter30_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2629 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:072a977ff7e7f41108f647b699866e16f58bf91b148a03cefc5a07bc1eeda05b" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 30:Speed Control of D.C. Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.1, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "n=250#rpm\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "ra=0.12#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.80\n", + "ia2=100#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 320.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.2, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "ratio=1-0.10\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=ia/ratio\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 828.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.3, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "n2=1000#rpm\n", + "ia2=80.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "ish1=v/rf\n", + "r1=(n2*eb1*v)/(n*eb2*ish1)\n", + "r=r1-rf\n", + "ish2=v/r1\n", + "torque_ratio=ish2*ia2/(ish1*ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of torque=\",torque_ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 68.9506880734 ohm\n", + "ratio of torque= 1.25411235955\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.3, Page Number:1033" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ish2=v/(rf+r)\n", + "ia2=ia*1/ish2\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ish2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"new armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new speed= 2939.0 rpm\n", + "new armature current= 40.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.5, Page Number:1033" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "rt=Symbol('rt')\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "n2=800.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "rt=solve(((n2*eb1*(v/rt))/(n*(v-(ia*ra/(v/rt)))))-1,rt)\n", + "r=rt[0]-rf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be inserted=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be inserted= 88.3128987990058 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.6, Page Number:1034" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "ratio=1+0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "x=solve((ratio*eb1/((v-ia*ra*x)*x))-1,x)\n", + "per=1-1/x[0]\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"main flux has to be reduced by=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "main flux has to be reduced by= 37.2991677469778 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.7, Page Number:1034" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=10#kW\n", + "i=41#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rw=0.05#ohm\n", + "ri=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=110#ohm\n", + "ratio=1-0.25\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "ratio1=1-0.50\n", + "n=2500\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ia2=ratio1*ia1/ratio\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*(ra+ri+rw)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra+ri+rw)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"motor speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 26.0 A\n", + "motor speed= 2987.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.8, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=15#kW\n", + "n=850#rpm\n", + "ia=72.2#A\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "rf=100#ohm\n", + "n2=1650#rpm\n", + "ia2=40#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "ratio=(n*eb2)/(n2*eb1)\n", + "per=1-ratio\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction= 46.5636857585 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.9, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "ratio=0.50+1\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "ia2=solve((((v-ra*ia2)*ia2)/(eb1*ratio*ia))-1,ia2)\n", + "per=ia/ia2[0]\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"mail flux should be reduced by=\",round(per,4)*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mail flux should be reduced by= 62.7 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.10, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=ratio*(v-ia*ra)\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/ia-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance required in the series=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance required in the series= 5.25 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.11, Page Number:1036" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=8#A\n", + "i_f=1#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb0=v-(ia-i_f)*ra\n", + "kpsi=eb0/1000\n", + "ia=i-i_f\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "n1=eb1/kpsi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n1,1),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 966.2 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.12, Page Number:1037" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "n2=800#rpm\n", + "i2=20#A\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=n2*eb/n\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/(ia)-ra\n", + "eb3=v-i2*(r+ra)\n", + "n3=eb3*n/eb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n3),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "additional resistance= 1.15 ohm\n", + "speed= 922.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.13, Page Number:1037" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=7.48#kW\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "n=990#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ra=0.08#ohm\n", + "ish=2#A\n", + "n2=450#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_p=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "losses=input_p-load*1000\n", + "i=input_p/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "loss=v*ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "loss_nl=losses-cu_loss-loss\n", + "eb1=v-20-(ia*ra)\n", + "eb2=n2*eb1/n\n", + "r=(eb1-eb2)/ia\n", + "total_loss=ia**2*(r+ra)+loss+loss_nl\n", + "output=input_p-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(input_p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor input=\",input_p/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor input= 8.5 kW\n", + "armature current= 36.6363636364 A\n", + "external resistance= 2.93403113016 ohm\n", + "efficiency= 41.6691237902 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.14, Page Number:1038" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb1=230.0#V\n", + "n=990.0#rpm\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=25.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb2=eb1*n2/n\n", + "r=(eb1-eb2)/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance required in series=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance required in series= 4.55353535354 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 83 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.15, Page Number:1038" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "n2=900.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "k2=eb1/(if1*n)\n", + "if2=n*if1/n2\n", + "rf1=v/if1\n", + "rf2=v/if2\n", + "r=rf2-rf1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 100.0 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 90 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.16, Page Number:1039" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "ia=22.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "n2=900.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "k1=eb1/(if1*n)\n", + "if2=n*if1/n2\n", + "if2=n2*ia/n\n", + "ia2=solve(v-ra*ia2-(k1*ia*if1*n2)/ia2,ia2)\n", + "if2=ia*if1/ia2[0]\n", + "r=v/if2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new field resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new field resistance to be added= 306.828780053869 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.17, Page Number:1040" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "output=25#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_p=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "i=input_p/v\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-if1\n", + "il=ratio*ia\n", + "r=v/il\n", + "r_ext=r-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",round(r_ext,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting resistance= 1.341 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 105 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.18, Page Number:1042" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ia=17.5#A\n", + "n2=600.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "rt=(v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be inserted=\",round(r,1),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be inserted= 4.4 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.19, Page Number:1042" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ra=1.2#ohm\n", + "rf=500#ohm\n", + "ia=4#A\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=26#A\n", + "r=2.3#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.15\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra)\n", + "n2_=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "n2__=n*eb2/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when resistance 2.3 ohm is connected=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed when shunt field is reduced by 15%=\",round(n2__),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when resistance 2.3 ohm is connected= 831.0 rpm\n", + "speed when shunt field is reduced by 15%= 978.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 113 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.20, Page Number:1043" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ia1=ia2=20.0#A\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "n2=500.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "rt=(v-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "ia3=ia2/2\n", + "n3=n*(v-ia3*rt)/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n3),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 771.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 117 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.21, Page Number:1043" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra1=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "ia2=ia1=20#A\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra1\n", + "ra2=r+ra1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2=eb2*n/eb1\n", + "#torque is half the full-load torque\n", + "ia2=1.0/2.0*ia1\n", + "eb22=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2_=eb22*n/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at full load torque=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at half full-load torque=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at full load torque= 550.0 rpm\n", + "speed at half full-load torque= 588.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 137 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.22, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra1=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "ia2=ia1=30.0#A\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra1\n", + "ra2=r+ra1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2=eb2*n/eb1\n", + "\n", + "#torque is half the full-load torque\n", + "ia2=2.0*ia1\n", + "eb22=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2_=eb22*n/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at full load torque=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at double full-load torque=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at full load torque= 427.0 rpm\n", + "speed at double full-load torque= 317.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 142 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.23, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=37.3*1000#W\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "n=750.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "t2=250.0#N-m\n", + "r=5.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t1=load/(2*3.14*(n/60))\n", + "ia1=load/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ia2=ia1*math.sqrt(t2/t1)\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra)\n", + "n2=eb2*ia1*n/(eb1*ia2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which machine will run=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which machine will run= 381.789716486 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.24, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=7.46*1000#W\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=900.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ra=0.08#ohm\n", + "ish=2.0#A\n", + "n2=450.0#rpm\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=output/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ia2=ia1=i-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia2*ra\n", + "rt=(v-20-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "input_m=(v)*(ia2+ish)\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output\n", + "cu_loss=ia2**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_f=v*ish\n", + "total_cu_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_f\n", + "stray_loss=total_loss-total_cu_loss\n", + "stray_loss2=stray_loss*n2/n\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia1**2*rt\n", + "total_loss2=stray_loss2+cu_loss_f+cu_loss_a\n", + "output2=input_m-total_loss2\n", + "efficiency=output2*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor output=\",output2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"overall efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor output= 4460.66115702 W\n", + "armature current= 36.5330578512 A\n", + "external resistance= 2.42352222599 ohm\n", + "overall efficiency= 52.619059225 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 175 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.25, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ia=15.0#A\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "n2=400.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "r=((v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia)-ra\n", + "ia3=ia/2\n", + "eb3=v-ia3*(r+ra)\n", + "n3=eb3*n/eb1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n3,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 615.584415584 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 187 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.26, Page Number:1045" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=Symbol('r')\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "inl=3.5#A\n", + "il=59.5#A\n", + "rf=267.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "vd=2.0#V\n", + "ratio=0.02\n", + "speed_ratio=0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=inl-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra-vd\n", + "ia2=il-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-vd\n", + "n1_by_n2=eb1*(1-ratio)/eb2\n", + "per_change=(1-1/n1_by_n2)*100\n", + "r=solve(eb2*speed_ratio/(eb2-ia2*r)-1,r)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"change in speed=\",per_change,\"%\"\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r[0],\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "change in speed= 0.83357557339 %\n", + "resistance to be added= 3.33092370774547 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.27, Page Number:1046" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaraion\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "n2=800.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=100.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ia2=ia1*(n2/n)**2\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "rt=(v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resustance that must be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resustance that must be added= 1.32708333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.28, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=115#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tsh=9.55*load*1000/n\n", + "i=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "i_permissible=i*ratio\n", + "ia_per=i_permissible-ish\n", + "ra_total=v/ia_per\n", + "r_required=ra_total-ra\n", + "torque=ratio*ta\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"net torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",r_required,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed at starting=\",torque,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "net torque= 365.403326173 N-m\n", + "starting resistance= 0.913513513514 ohm\n", + "torque developed at starting= 548.104989259 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.29, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "I=Symbol('I')\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "rf=40.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "i=55.0#A\n", + "n=595.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.58#ohm\n", + "n2=630.0#rpm\n", + "ia_=15.0#A\n", + "rd=5.0#ohm\n", + "ia2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ra1=r+ra\n", + "eb1=v-ra1*ia1\n", + "ia2=ia1\n", + "eb2=eb1*(n2/n)\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/ia1\n", + "eb2_=v-ia_*ra1\n", + "n2=eb2_*n/eb1\n", + "eb3=eb1\n", + "IR=v-eb3-ia2*ra\n", + "pd=v-IR\n", + "i_d=pd/rd\n", + "i=ia2+i_d\n", + "R=IR/i\n", + "I=solve(rd*(I-ia_)-v+R*I,I)\n", + "eb4=v-R*I[0]-ia_*ra\n", + "n4=n*(eb4/eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature circuit resistance should be reduced by=\",ra1-r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed when Ia=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"value of series resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed when motor current falls to 15A=\",n4,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature circuit resistance should be reduced by= 0.2 ohm\n", + "speed when Ia= 668.5 rpm\n", + "value of series resistance= 0.344418052257 ohm\n", + "speed when motor current falls to 15A= 636.922222222222 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.31, Page Number:1051" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=math.sqrt(2*2**0.5*i**2)\n", + "n2=n*2*i/ia2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"current=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 713.524269002 rpm\n", + "current= 25.2268924576 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.32, Page Number:1052" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=707#rpm\n", + "ia1=100#A\n", + "v=85#V\n", + "rf=0.03#ohm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ra_total=ra+(2*rf)\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra_total\n", + "ia2=ia1*2**0.5\n", + "rf=rf/2\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=n*(eb2/eb1)*(2*ia1/ia2)\n", + "rt=(v-((n/n2)*eb2))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra-rf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1029.46885374 rpm\n", + "additional resistance= 0.171040764009 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.33, Page Number:1052" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#varable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1000.0#rpm\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=v/ia-ra\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "r=(v-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added at starting=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance to be added at 1000 rpm\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added at starting= 5.7 ohm\n", + "resistance to be added at 1000 rpm 1.9 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.34, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ia1=20.0#A\n", + "ratio=2.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia2=ia1*2**(3.0/4.0)\n", + "n2=n*ratio*ia1/ia2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 33.6358566101 A\n", + "speed= 713.524269002 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.35, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=Symbol('V')\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=350.0#rpm\n", + "ia=25.0#A\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=ia*(n2/n)\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "V=solve((n2*eb1*ia2/(n*ia))+ia2-V,V)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \" current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"voltage=\",V[0],\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " current= 35.7142857143 A\n", + "voltage= 433.673469387755 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.36, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=0.2#ohm\n", + "i=20.0#A\n", + "rd=0.2#ohm\n", + "i_f=10.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.70\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-(ra+rf)*ia\n", + "r_total=ra+rf/2\n", + "eb2=v-r_total*ia\n", + "n2=(eb2*n/(eb1*ratio))\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1444.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.37, Page Number:1054" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "n=700.0#rpm\n", + "ratio=0.50+1\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia2=(ratio*2*ia**2)**0.5\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*2/ia2)*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 777.147765122 rpm\n", + "speed= 69.2820323028 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 63 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.38, Page Number:1055" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ia=20#A\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "r=0.025#ohm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rd=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#when divertor is added\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+4*r)\n", + "ia2=(ia**2*(ra+rd)/rd)**0.5\n", + "ra_=rd*ra/(ra+rd)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra_\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*3/(2*ia2))*n\n", + "\n", + "#rearranged field coils in two series and parallel group\n", + "ia2=(ia**2*2)**0.5\n", + "r=ra+r\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*r\n", + "n2_=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*2/(ia2))*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when divertor was added=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed when field coils are rearranged=\",n2_,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when divertor was added= 1112.87640676 rpm\n", + "speed when field coils are rearranged= 1275.19533144 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 74 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.39, Page Number:1055" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "i=12.0#A\n", + "rf=0.8#ohm\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "il=20#A\n", + "ratio=0.15\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-il*(ra+rf/4)\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(1/(1-ratio))*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1162.92198261 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.40, Page Number:1056" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v=200.0#v\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=25.0#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=0.6#ohm\n", + "rd=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r=ra+rf\n", + "eb1=v-i*r\n", + "i2=solve(((rd+rf)*i2**2)-(v*i2)-(i**2*rd),i2)\n", + "pd=v-i2[1]*rf\n", + "ia2=((rd+rf)*i2[1]-v)/rd\n", + "eb2=pd-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(i/i2[1])*n\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 342.848235418389 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.41, Page Number:1056" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "r=3#ohm\n", + "i2=15#A\n", + "ratio=0.80\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-(r+ra)*i2\n", + "n2=n*(eb2/eb1)/ratio\n", + "power_ratio=(n*i)/(n2*i2*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of power outputs=\",power_ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new speed= 1349.65437788 rpm\n", + "ratio of power outputs= 1.48186086214\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 99 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.42, Page Number:1057" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=460#V\n", + "ratio=1-0.25\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "I=(i**2*ratio**3)**0.5\n", + "eb2=I*ratio*v/i\n", + "R=(v-eb2)/I\n", + "pa=v*i/1000\n", + "power_n=pa*ratio**4\n", + "pa=eb2*I\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance required=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance required= 7.26432660412 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.44, Page Number:1060" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "n2=550#rpm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*r\n", + "kphi1=eb1/n\n", + "eb2=v-i*r\n", + "kphi2=eb2/n2\n", + "eb_=v-i*2*r\n", + "n=eb_/((eb1/n2)+(eb2/n))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 248.120300752 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.45, Page Number:1061" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=14.92#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ratio1=5.0\n", + "ratio2=4.0\n", + "t=882#N-m\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "k=v/(n*i/60)\n", + "I=(t/((ratio1+ratio2)*0.159*k))**0.5\n", + "nsh=v/((ratio1+ratio2)*k*I)\n", + "eb1=ratio1*k*I*nsh\n", + "eb2=ratio2*k*I*nsh\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",I,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed of shaft=\",round(nsh*60),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"voltage across the motors=\",round(eb1),\"V,\",round(eb2),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 49.5202984449 A\n", + "speed of shaft= 134.0 rpm\n", + "voltage across the motors= 139.0 V, 111.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 117 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.46, Page Number:1063" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "t=700#N-m\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "ra=0.008#ohm\n", + "rf=55#ohm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "t2=375#N-m\n", + "n2=1050#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*t/60\n", + "power_m=output/efficiency\n", + "im=power_m/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=im-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "ia2=ia1*t2/t\n", + "eb2=eb1*n2/n\n", + "r=eb2/ia2-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"dynamic break resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "dynamic break resistance= 0.795525014538 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 118 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.47, Page Number:1064" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "n=450.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.746\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "I=load*1000/(efficiency*v)\n", + "eb=v-I*ra\n", + "vt=v+eb\n", + "i_max=2*I\n", + "r=vt/i_max\n", + "R=r-ra\n", + "N=n/60\n", + "phizp_by_a=eb/N\n", + "k4=phizp_by_a*v/(2*3.14*r)\n", + "k3=phizp_by_a**2/(2*3.14*r)\n", + "tb=k4+k3*N\n", + "tb0=k4\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"breaking resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"maximum breaking torque=\",tb,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum breaking torque when N=0 =\",tb0,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "breaking resistance= 6.1 ohm\n", + "maximum breaking torque= 1028.3970276 N-m\n", + "maximum breaking torque when N=0 = 522.360394972 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.48, Page Number:1069" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=120#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "l=20*0.001#H\n", + "ka=0.05#V/rpm motor constant\n", + "ia=20#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vt=ia*ra\n", + "alpha=vt/v\n", + "#when alpha=1\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "N=eb/ka\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"range of speed control=\",0,\"to\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"range of duty cycle=\",(alpha),\"to\",1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " range of speed control= 0 to 2200.0 rpm\n", + "range of duty cycle= 0.0833333333333 to 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 124 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.49, Page Number:1080" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=7.46#kW\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "i1=ratio*i\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r_start=r1-ra\n", + "eb1=v-i*r1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",r_start,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"back emf=\",eb1,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting resistance= 2.78842716711 ohm\n", + "back emf= 66.6666666667 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 125 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.50, Page Number:1080" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "n=7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r1=v/ia\n", + "k=(r1/ra)**(1.0/(n-1))\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 1.812 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.215 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.815 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.546 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.366 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.246 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 132 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.51, Page Number:1081" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=6\n", + "load=3.73#kW\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "ratio=0.50\n", + "i1=0.6#A\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=load/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=output-load\n", + "cu_loss=total_loss*ratio\n", + "i=output*1000/v\n", + "ia=i-i1\n", + "ra=cu_loss*1000/ia**2\n", + "i_per=i*2\n", + "ia_per=i_per-i1\n", + "r1=v/ia_per\n", + "k=(r1/ra)**(1.0/(n-1))\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-ra\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 1.627 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.074 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.709 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.468 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.309 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 146 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.52, Page Number:1081" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=7\n", + "load=36.775#kW\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ratio=0.05\n", + "rsh=200#ohm\n", + "efficiency=0.92\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "cu_loss=input_m*ratio\n", + "cu_loss_sh=v**2/rsh\n", + "cu_loss_a=cu_loss-cu_loss_sh\n", + "i=input_m/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "ra=cu_loss_a/ia**2\n", + "k=(v/(ia*ra))**(1.0/(n))\n", + "i1=k*ia\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "r7=r5/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-r7\n", + "p7=r7-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 7th section=\",round(p7,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 0.974 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 0.592 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.36 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.219 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.133 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.0 ohm\n", + "resistance of 7th section= 0.081 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.53, Page Number:1082" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=Symbol('n')\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.125#ohm\n", + "i2=150.0#A\n", + "i1=200.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "n=solve((i1/i2)**(n-1)-(r1/ra),n)\n", + "k=i1/i2\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "r7=r6/k\n", + "r8=r7/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-r7\n", + "p7=r7-r8\n", + "p8=r8-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 7th section=\",round(p7,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 8th section=\",round(p8,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 0.313 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 0.234 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.176 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.132 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.099 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.074 ohm\n", + "resistance of 7th section= 0.056 ohm\n", + "resistance of 8th section= 0.042 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.54, Page Number:1083" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=Symbol('n')\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "z=20\n", + "ra=1.31#ohm\n", + "t=218#N-m\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "slot=60\n", + "phi=23*0.001#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=t/(0.159*phi*slot*z)\n", + "i1=ia*ratio\n", + "i2=ia\n", + "k=i1/i2\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "n=solve(k**(n-1)-(r1/ra),n)\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 2.237 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.491 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.994 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.678 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.55, Page Number:1084" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "drop=0.02\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "i_per=1.30\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "i1=i_per*il\n", + "vd=drop*v\n", + "rm=vd/il\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r=(r1-rm)/6\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of each rheostat=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of each rheostat= 0.615721729566 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 165 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.56, Page Number:1085" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=55.95#kW\n", + "v=650.0#V\n", + "r=0.51#ohm\n", + "i1=140.0#A\n", + "i2=100.0#A\n", + "per=0.20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=i1/i2\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r2=((per+1)/ratio-per)*r1\n", + "r3=(per+1)*r2/ratio-per*r1\n", + "r4=((per+1)*r3/ratio)-per*r1\n", + "\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"number of steps=\",3\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "number of steps= 3\n", + "resistance of 1st section= 1.592 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.364 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 1.17 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 170 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter31_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter31_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88c66f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter31_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,935 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:02fdabadd118404eca71c942f203b8c36bfc89b9baf1e3f2f8e7065ab9807edb" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 31: Testing of DC Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.1, Page Number:1092" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "l=38.1#kg\n", + "d=63.53*0.01#cm\n", + "v=12#rps\n", + "i=49#A\n", + "V=220#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r=d/2\n", + "torque=l*r*9.81\n", + "power=torque*2*3.14*v\n", + "motor_input=i*V\n", + "efficiency=power*100/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output power=\",round(power),\"W\"\n", + "print \"Efficiency=\",round(efficiency),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output power= 8947.0 W\n", + "Efficiency= 83.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.2(a), Page Number:1093" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "spring_b1=10.0#kg\n", + "spring_b2=35.0#kg\n", + "d=40*0.01#m\n", + "v=950.0#rpm\n", + "V=200.0#V\n", + "i=30.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "F=(spring_b2-spring_b1)*9.81\n", + "N=v/60\n", + "R=d/2\n", + "tsh=F*R\n", + "omega=2*3.14*N\n", + "output=tsh*omega\n", + "motor_input=V*i\n", + "efficiency=output/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output power=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output power= 4877.205 W\n", + "efficiency= 81.28675 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.2(b), Page Number:1093" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "t1=2.9#kg\n", + "t2=0.17#kg\n", + "r=7*0.01#m\n", + "i=2.0#A\n", + "V=230.0#V\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "force=(t1-t2)*9.81\n", + "torque=force*r\n", + "output=torque*2*3.14*n/60\n", + "efficiency=output/(V*i)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",torque,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 1.874691 N-m\n", + "output 294.326487 W\n", + "efficiency 63.984018913 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.3, Page Number:1095" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=220.0#V\n", + "i=2.5#A\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "rsh=200.0#ohm\n", + "I=20.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_noload=V*i\n", + "ish=V/rsh\n", + "ia0=i-ish\n", + "culoss=ia0**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_noload-culoss\n", + "ia=32-ish\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "input_=V*I\n", + "output=input_-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=(output/input_)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Efficiency= 70.1754545455 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.4, Page Number:1096" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=400.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "r=200.0#ohm\n", + "I=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_nl=V*i\n", + "ish=V/r\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss\n", + "Ia=I-ish\n", + "cu_lossa=Ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_lossa\n", + "input_nl1=V*I\n", + "output=input_nl1-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/input_nl\n", + "Eb1=V-(ia*ra)\n", + "Eb2=V-(Ia*ra)\n", + "change=math.fabs((Eb1-Eb2)/Eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*10,\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in speed=\",change*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 16852.5 W\n", + "efficiency= 84.2625 %\n", + "percentage change in speed= 5.64617314931 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.8, Page Number:1098" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=200*1000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i1=36.0#A\n", + "I1=12.0#A\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "pd=6.0#V\n", + "i2=400.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#no load\n", + "ia=i1-I1\n", + "ra=pd/i2\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "input_nl=v*i1\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#full load\n", + "output_i=p/v\n", + "ia=output_i+I1\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "efficiency=p/(p+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at full load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "#half load\n", + "output_i=p/(2*v)\n", + "ia=output_i+I1\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "efficiency=p/((p/2+total_loss)*2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at half load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency at full load= 91.3736344667 %\n", + "efficiency at half load= 89.6559292335 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.9, Page Number:1098" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "p=14.92*1000#W\n", + "e=0.88\n", + "n=700.0#rpn\n", + "rsh=100.0#ohm\n", + "i=78.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_=0.8*p/e\n", + "total_loss=input_-0.8*p\n", + "input_i=input_/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=input_i-ish\n", + "ra=total_loss/(2*(ia**2))\n", + "Ia=i-ish\n", + "total_loss2=Ia**2*ra+total_loss/2\n", + "input__=v*i\n", + "efficiency=(input__-total_loss2)*100/input__\n", + "Eb1=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "Eb2=v-(Ia*ra)\n", + "n2=(n*Eb2)/Eb1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"r.p.m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 86.9450046554 %\n", + "speed= 678.443304738 r.p.m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.10(a), Page Number:1101" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "p=100*1000.0#W\n", + "i2=90.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=p/v\n", + "efficiency=math.sqrt(i1/(i1+i2))*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 91.4 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.11, Page Number:1102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "motor_i=100#A\n", + "shunt_i1=3#A\n", + "shunt_i2=2.5#A\n", + "ra=0.05#ohm\n", + "cu_loss=500#W\n", + "cu_lossa=361#W\n", + "ia=85#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "mech_core_stray_loss=0.5*((v*i)-(motor_i**2*ra)-(ia**2*ra))\n", + "cu_motor=v*shunt_i1\n", + "generator_motor=v*shunt_i2\n", + "total_loss=mech_core_stray_loss+cu_motor+generator_motor\n", + "input_=v*i+cu_motor\n", + "output=v*ia*10**(-3)\n", + "loss=cu_loss*10**(-3)+1.07+0.36\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"eficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "eficiency= 89.8045430534 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.12, Page Number:1103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=110#V\n", + "i=48#A\n", + "i1=3#a\n", + "i2=3.5#A\n", + "motor_i=230#A\n", + "ra=0.035#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#motor\n", + "cu_loss=motor_i**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=motor_i*2\n", + "totalarm_culoss=cu_loss+brush_loss\n", + "shunt_cu=v*i1\n", + "total_cu_lossm=totalarm_culoss+shunt_cu\n", + "#generator\n", + "arm_i=233-i+i2\n", + "cu_loss=arm_i**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=arm_i*2\n", + "totalarm_culoss=cu_loss+brush_loss\n", + "shunt_cu=v*i2\n", + "total_cu_lossg=totalarm_culoss+shunt_cu\n", + "#set\n", + "totalcu_loss=total_cu_lossm+total_cu_lossg\n", + "total_input=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=total_input-totalcu_loss\n", + "strayloss_per=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor efficiency\n", + "input_=233*v\n", + "output=input_-(total_cu_lossm+strayloss_per)\n", + "e=output/input_*100\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",e,\"%\"\n", + "#generator efficiency\n", + "input_=110*185\n", + "output=input_-(total_cu_lossg+strayloss_per)\n", + "e=output/input_*100\n", + "100\n", + "print \"generator efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 88.4590884705 %\n", + "generator efficiency= 88.5893642506 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.13, Page Number:1103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable series\n", + "v=500.0#A\n", + "p=100*1000.0#w\n", + "auxiliary_i=30.0#A\n", + "output_i=200.0#A\n", + "i1=3.5#A\n", + "i2=1.8#A\n", + "ra=0.075#ohm\n", + "vdb=2.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motor_arm=output_i+auxiliary_i\n", + "motorarm_culoss=(motor_arm**2*ra)+(motor_arm*2)\n", + "motorfield_culoss=v*i2\n", + "generatorarm_culoss=(output_i**2*ra)+(output_i*2)\n", + "generatoefield_culoss=v*i1\n", + "total_culoss=motorarm_culoss+motorfield_culoss+generatorarm_culoss+generatoefield_culoss\n", + "power=v*auxiliary_i\n", + "stray_loss=power-total_culoss\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "total_loss=generatorarm_culoss+generatoefield_culoss+permachine\n", + "output=v*output_i\n", + "e=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 93.1001175389 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.14, Page Number:1104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "motor_i=400.0#A\n", + "i1=6.0#A\n", + "i2=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.015#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motora_culoss=motor_i**2*ra\n", + "generatora_culoss=(motor_i-i)**2*ra\n", + "power=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=power-(motora_culoss+generatora_culoss)\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "total_motor_loss=motora_culoss+(v*i2)+permachine\n", + "motor_input=(v*motor_i)+v*i2\n", + "motor_e=(motor_input-total_motor_loss)/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#generator\n", + "total_gen_loss=generatora_culoss+(v*i1)+permachine\n", + "gen_output=v*(motor_i-i)\n", + "gen_e=(gen_output-total_gen_loss)/gen_output\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",motor_e*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency\",gen_e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 92.3148148148 %\n", + "generator efficiency 91.4642857143 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 77 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.15, Page Number:1105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "ia=380.0#A\n", + "i1=5.0#A\n", + "i2=4.2#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motora_culoss=ia**2*ra\n", + "generatora_culoss=(ia-i)**2*ra\n", + "power=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=power-(motora_culoss+generatora_culoss)\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "total_motor_loss=motora_culoss+(v*i2)+permachine\n", + "motor_input=(v*ia)+v*i2\n", + "motor_e=(motor_input-total_motor_loss)/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#generator\n", + "total_gen_loss=generatora_culoss+(v*i1)+permachine\n", + "gen_output=v*(ia-i)\n", + "gen_e=(gen_output-total_gen_loss)/gen_output\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",motor_e*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency\",gen_e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 88.7038001041 %\n", + "generator efficiency 95.2121212121 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.16, Page Number:1107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "v2=190.0#V\n", + "t=30#sec\n", + "t2=20#sec\n", + "i=20.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "avg_v=(v+v2)/2\n", + "avg_i=i/2\n", + "power=avg_v*avg_i\n", + "W=power*(t2/(t-t2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Stray loss=\",W,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Stray loss= 4100.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 85 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.17, Page Number:1107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabledeclaration\n", + "n1=1525.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1475.0#ohm\n", + "dt=25.0#sec\n", + "p=1000.0#W\n", + "t2=20.0#sec\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "N=(n1+n2)/2\n", + "w=p*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "dN=n1-n2\n", + "I=(w*dt)/((2*3.14/60)**2*N*dN)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Moment of Inertia=\",I,\"kg-m2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Moment of Inertia= 121.708791432 kg-m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.18, Page Number:1108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "v2=225.0#V\n", + "dt=25.0#sec\n", + "t2=6.0#ohm\n", + "iavg=10.0#A\n", + "i2=25.0#A\n", + "v3=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "avg_v=(v+v2)/2\n", + "w_=avg_v*iavg\n", + "W=w_*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "ish=v3/r\n", + "ia=i2-ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_shunt=v3*ia\n", + "total_loss=W+cu_loss+v3\n", + "e=((v*i2)-total_loss)/(v*i2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "734.210526316\n", + "efficiency= 79.7564912281 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.19, Page Number:1108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "n1=1030#rpm\n", + "n2=970#rpm\n", + "t1=36#sec\n", + "t2=15#sec\n", + "t3=9#sec\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "v=219#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "W=v*i*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "dN=n1-n2\n", + "I=(W*t2)/((2*3.14/60)**2*n*dN)\n", + "Wm=W*t2/t1\n", + "iron_loss=W-Wm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)moment of inertia=\",I,\"kg.m2\"\n", + "print \"ii)iron loss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"iii)mechanical losses=\",Wm,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)moment of inertia= 74.9650087225 kg.m2\n", + "ii)iron loss= 1916.25 W\n", + "iii)mechanical losses= 1368.75 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 99 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.20, Page Number:1110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "iam=56.0#A\n", + "vam=590.0#V\n", + "vdm=40.0#V\n", + "iag=44.0#A\n", + "vag=400.0#V\n", + "vdg=40.0#V\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_total=(vdm+vam)*iam\n", + "output=vag*iag\n", + "total_loss=input_total-output\n", + "rse=vdg/iam\n", + "cu_loss=((r+2*rse)*iam**2)+(iag**2*r)\n", + "strayloss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "permachine=strayloss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "inputm=vam*iam\n", + "culossm=(r+rse)*iam**2\n", + "totallossm=culossm+permachine\n", + "output=inputm-totallossm\n", + "em=output*100/inputm\n", + "#generator\n", + "inputg=vag*iag\n", + "culossg=(r)*iag**2\n", + "totalloss=culossg+permachine+(vdm*iam)\n", + "output=vag*iag\n", + "eg=output*100/(output+totalloss)\n", + "\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",em,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency=\",eg,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "motor efficiency= 72.6997578692 %\n", + "generator efficiency= 67.0220868241 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 115 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter32_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter32_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a29de087 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter32_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,5311 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:69b299b5398cdb7b833f53d6a7d05a19c0a433537449ffb871db80e61817fe5c" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 32: Transformer" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.1, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "v2=3000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "phi=1.2#Wb-m2\n", + "e=8.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n1=v1/e\n", + "n2=v2/e\n", + "a=v2/(4.44*f*n2*phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary turns=\",n1\n", + "print \"secondary turns=\",n2\n", + "print \"area of core=\",round(a,2),\"m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary turns= 31.25\n", + "secondary turns= 375.0\n", + "area of core= 0.03 m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.2, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#KVA\n", + "v1=11000#V\n", + "v2=550#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "bm=1.3#Tesla\n", + "sf=0.9\n", + "per=10#%\n", + "a=20*20*sf/10000#m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n1=v1/(4.44*f*bm*a)\n", + "n2=v2/(4.44*f*bm*a)\n", + "e_per_turn=v1/n1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV TURNS=\",round(n1)\n", + "print \"LV TURNS=\",round(n2)\n", + "print \"EMF per turns=\",round(e_per_turn,1),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV TURNS= 1059.0\n", + "LV TURNS= 53.0\n", + "EMF per turns= 10.4 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.3, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=400.0\n", + "n2=1000.0\n", + "a=60.0/10000.0#cm2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "e1=520.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "bm=e1/(4.44*f*n1*a)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"peak value of flux density=\",bm,\"WB/m2\"\n", + "print \"voltage induced in the secondary winding=\",e2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "peak value of flux density= 0.975975975976 WB/m2\n", + "voltage induced in the secondary winding= 1300.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.4, Page Number:1124" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=50.0\n", + "v=3000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "i1=load*1000/v\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "e1=v/n1\n", + "e2=e1*n2\n", + "phim=v/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary and secondary currents=\",i1,\"A\", i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"secondary emf=\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"flux=\",phim*1000,\"mWB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary and secondary currents= 8.33333333333 A 83.3333333333 A\n", + "secondary emf= 300.0 V\n", + "flux= 27.027027027 mWB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.5, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v1=11000#V\n", + "v2=550#V\n", + "load=300#kVA\n", + "phim=0.05#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=4.44*f*phim\n", + "e2=v2/1.732\n", + "t1=v1/e\n", + "t2=e2/e\n", + "output=load/3\n", + "HV=100*1000/v1\n", + "LV=100*1000/e2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV turns=\",t1\n", + "print \"LV turns=\",t2\n", + "print \"emf per turn=\",e2\n", + "print \"full load HV=\",HV\n", + "print \"full load LV=\",LV" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV turns= 990.990990991\n", + "LV turns= 28.6082849593\n", + "emf per turn= 317.551963048\n", + "full load HV= 9\n", + "full load LV= 314.909090909\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.6, Page Number:1124" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=1200.0\n", + "a=80.0/10000.0#m2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phim=n1/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "bm=phim/a\n", + "v2=n2*v/n1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"peak flux-density=\",bm,\"Wb\"\n", + "print \"voltage induced in the secondary=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "peak flux-density= 0.563063063063 Wb\n", + "voltage induced in the secondary= 1200.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.7, Page Number:1125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#varible declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "n1=250.0\n", + "n2=40.0\n", + "v=1500.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v2=n2*v/n1\n", + "i1=load*1000/v\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "phim=v/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)primary current an secondary current=\",i1,\"A\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)seconary emf=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"iii)maximum flux=\",phim*1000,\"mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)primary current an secondary current= 16.6666666667 A 104.166666667 A\n", + "ii)seconary emf= 240.0 V\n", + "iii)maximum flux= 27.027027027 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.8, Page Number:1125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "a=20.0*20.0/10000#m2\n", + "phim=1.0#Wbm2\n", + "v1=3000.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t2=v2/(4.44*f*phim*a)\n", + "t1=t2*v1/v2\n", + "n1=t1/2\n", + "n2=t2/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV turns=\",n1\n", + "print \"LV turns=\",n2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV turns= 168.918918919\n", + "LV turns= 12.3873873874\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.9, Page Number:1126" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "i1=0.6#A\n", + "p=400.0#W\n", + "v3=250.0#V\n", + "i0=0.5#A\n", + "pf=0.3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=p/v1\n", + "imu=(i1**2-il**2)**0.5\n", + "iw=i0*pf\n", + "imu2=(i0**2-iw**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"magnetising currents=\",imu,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iron loss current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"magnetising components of no load primary current=\",imu2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"working components of no-load primary current=\",iw,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "magnetising currents= 0.571788552492 A\n", + "iron loss current= 0.181818181818 A\n", + "magnetising components of no load primary current= 0.476969600708 A\n", + "working components of no-load primary current= 0.15 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.10, Page Number:1127" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=40.0\n", + "l=150.0#cm\n", + "airgap=0.1#mm\n", + "e1=3000.0#V\n", + "phim=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "d=7.8#grma/cm3\n", + "loss=2.0#watt/kg\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=e1/(4.44*f*n1*phim)\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "v2=k*e1\n", + "iron=l*5\n", + "air=phim*airgap/(1000*4*3.14*10**(-7))\n", + "bmax=iron+air\n", + "imu=bmax/(n1*2**0.5)\n", + "volume=l*a\n", + "im=volume*d*10\n", + "total_i=im*2\n", + "iw=total_i/(e1)\n", + "i0=(imu**2+iw**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=iw/i0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cross sectional area=\",a*10000,\"cm2\"\n", + "print \"b)no load secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"c)no load current=\",imu,\"A\"\n", + "print \"d)power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cross sectional area= 225.225225225 cm2\n", + "b)no load secondary voltage= 240.0 V\n", + "c)no load current= 1.19577611723 A\n", + "d)power factor= 0.145353269536\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.11, Page Number:1127" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=1000\n", + "n2=200\n", + "i=3#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "i2=280#A\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi1=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "i2_=i2/5\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi2)\n", + "sinphi2=math.sin(math.acos(phi1))\n", + "i1=i*complex(pf,-sinphi)+i2_*complex(pf2,-sinphi2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",abs(i1),\"/_\",math.degrees(phi1),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 64.4918252531 /_ 36.8698976458 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.12, Page Number:1130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=440.0#v\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "i0=5.0#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "i2=120.0#A\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "phi0=math.acos(pf)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2_=k*i2\n", + "angle=phi2-phi0\n", + "i1=(i0**2+i2_**2+(2*i0*i2_*math.cos(angle)))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current taken by the primary=\",i1,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current taken by the primary= 33.9022604184 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.13, Page Number:1130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=800.0\n", + "n2=200.0\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "i1=25.0#A\n", + "pf2=0.707\n", + "i2=80.0#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "i2_=i2*k\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phi1=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "i0pf2=i1*pf2-i2_*pf\n", + "i0sinphi=i1*pf2-i2_*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "phi0=math.atan(i0sinphi/i0pf2)\n", + "i0=i0sinphi/math.sin(phi0)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no load current=\",i0,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no load current= 5.91703050525 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.14, Page Number:1131" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "ratio=4\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi0=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phil=math.acos(pf)\n", + "i0=complex(2,-9.8)\n", + "i2_=complex(42.5,-26.35)\n", + "i1=i0+i2_\n", + "phi=math.acos(i1.real/57.333)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",math.degrees(phi),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= (44.5-36.15j) A\n", + "power factor= 39.0890154959 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.15, Page Number:1136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable decaration\n", + "load=30.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=120.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r1=0.1#ohm\n", + "x1=0.22#ohm\n", + "r2=0.034#ohm\n", + "x2=0.012#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "r02=r2+r1*k**2\n", + "x02=x2+x1*k**2\n", + "z02=(r02**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"high voltage side:\"\n", + "print \"equivalent winding resistance=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"low voltage side:\"\n", + "print \"equivalent winding resistance=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z02,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "high voltage side:\n", + "equivalent winding resistance= 13.7 ohm\n", + "reactance= 5.02 ohm\n", + "impedence= 14.5907642021 ohm\n", + "low voltage side:\n", + "equivalent winding resistance= 0.03425 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.01255 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.0364769105051 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.16, Page Number:1136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=4400.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "r1=3.45#ohm\n", + "r2=0.009#ohm\n", + "x1=5.2#ohm\n", + "x2=0.015#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "x02=x2+x1*k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "z02=(r02**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "cu_loss=i1**2*r01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)resistance=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"iii)reactance=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"iv)impedence=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",z02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"v)copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance=\n", + "primary= 7.05 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.017625 ohm\n", + "reactance=\n", + "primary= 11.2 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.028 ohm\n", + "impedence=\n", + "primary= 13.2341414531 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.0330853536327 ohm\n", + "copper loss= 910.382231405 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.17, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=10.0\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i2=load*1000/v\n", + "z2=v/(i2)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "z2_=z2/k**2\n", + "i2_=k*i2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)load impedence=\",z2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"b)impedence referred to high tension side=\",z2_,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"c)the value of current referred to the high tension side=\",i2_,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)load impedence= 1.152 ohm\n", + "b)impedence referred to high tension side= 115.2 ohm\n", + "c)the value of current referred to the high tension side= 20.8333333333 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 70 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.18, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=317.0#V\n", + "load2=0.62#kW\n", + "lvload=0.48#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "r1=load2*1000/i**2\n", + "r2=lvload*1000/i2**2\n", + "r2_=r2*k**2\n", + "x01=4*v1/(i1*100)\n", + "x2_=x01*r2_/(r1+r2_)\n", + "x1=x01-x2_\n", + "x2=x2_*10/k**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)r1=\",r1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2_=\",r2_,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x1=\",x1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x2=\",x2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x2_=\",x2_,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)r1= 7.502 ohm\n", + "r2= 0.004823472 ohm\n", + "r2_= 5.808 ohm\n", + "ii)reactance= 48.4 ohm\n", + "x1= 27.28 ohm\n", + "x2= 0.175398981818 ohm\n", + "x2_= 21.12 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 76 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.19, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declarations\n", + "k=19.5\n", + "r1=25.0#ohm\n", + "x1=100.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.06#ohm\n", + "x2=0.25#ohm\n", + "i=1.25#A\n", + "angle=30#degrees\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "v=50#V\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v2=complex(500,0)\n", + "i2=i2*complex(0.8,-0.6)\n", + "z2=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "e2=v2+i2*z2\n", + "beta=math.atan(e2.imag/e2.real)\n", + "e1=e2*k\n", + "i2_=i2/k\n", + "angle=beta+math.radians(90)+math.radians(angle)\n", + "i0=i*complex(math.cos(angle),math.sin(angle))\n", + "i1=-i2_+i0\n", + "v2=-e1+i1*complex(r1,x1)\n", + "phi=math.atan(v2.imag/v2.real)-math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "power=abs(v2)*i*math.cos(math.radians(60))\n", + "r02=r2+r1/k**2\n", + "cu_loss=abs(i2)**2*r02\n", + "output=500*abs(i2)*pf2\n", + "loss=cu_loss+power\n", + "inpt=output+loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary applied voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"primary pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary applied voltage= (-11464.2126901-1349.15424294j) V\n", + "primary pf= 0.698572087114\n", + "efficiency= 86.7261056254 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 94 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.20, Page Number:1138" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable description\n", + "load=100#KVA\n", + "v1=1100#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "zh=complex(0.1,0.4)\n", + "zl=complex(0.006,0.015)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "#HV \n", + "r1=zh.real+zl.real*k**2\n", + "x1=zh.imag+zl.imag*k**2\n", + "z1=(r1**2+x1**2)**0.5\n", + "#LV\n", + "r2=r1/k**2\n", + "x2=x1/k**2\n", + "z2=z1/k**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV:\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"LV:\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z2,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV:\n", + "resistance= 0.25 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.775 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.814324873745 ohm\n", + "LV:\n", + "resistance= 0.01 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.031 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.0325729949498 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.21, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=230#V\n", + "v2=460#V\n", + "r1=0.2#ohm\n", + "x1=0.5#ohm\n", + "r2=0.75#ohm\n", + "x2=1.8#ohm\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "x02=x2+k**2*x1\n", + "vd=i*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "vt2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary terminal voltage=\",vt2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary terminal voltage= 424.8 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.22, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1.0#%\n", + "x=5.0#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "mu=r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "mu2=r**2+x*0\n", + "mu3=r*pf-x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8 lag:\",mu,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=1:\",mu2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8 lead:\",mu3,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation at pf=0.8 lag: 3.8 %\n", + "regulation at pf=1: 1.0 %\n", + "regulation at pf=0.8 lead: -2.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 98 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.23, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=5#%\n", + "r=2.5#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phi=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "cosphi=math.cos(phi)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "regn=r*cosphi+x*sinphi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 5.59016994375 %\n", + "pf= 0.4472135955\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 100 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.24, Page Number:1142" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=2.5#%\n", + "x=5#%\n", + "load1=500#KVA\n", + "load2=400#KVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kw=load2*pf\n", + "kvar=load2*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "drop=(r*kw/load1)+(x*kvar/load1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage voltage drop=\",drop,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage voltage drop= 4.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 102 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.26, Page Number:1145" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=600#V\n", + "v2=1080#V\n", + "v=720#V\n", + "load=8#W\n", + "load2=10#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ir2=load*1000/v2\n", + "il2=load*1000/v\n", + "ir2_=ir2*v2/v1\n", + "il2_=il2*v/v1\n", + "ir2=math.sqrt(ir2_**2+il2_**2)\n", + "s=complex(load,load2)\n", + "s=abs(s)\n", + "pf=load/s\n", + "i=s*load2*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 21.3437474581 A\n", + "power factor= 0.624695047554\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.27, Page Number:1046" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "v1=110#V\n", + "i=0.5#A\n", + "p=30#W\n", + "r=0.6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=v/v1\n", + "pf=p/(i*v)\n", + "sinphi=math.sqrt(1-pf**2)\n", + "ip=i*sinphi\n", + "iw=i*pf\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*r\n", + "iron_loss=p-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)turns ratio=\",ratio\n", + "print \"ii)magnetising component of no-load current=\",ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)working component of no-load current=\",iw,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iv)the iron loss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)turns ratio= 2\n", + "ii)magnetising component of no-load current= 0.481045692921 A\n", + "iii)working component of no-load current= 0.136363636364 A\n", + "iv)the iron loss= 29.85 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 104 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.28, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=1000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=2000.0#V\n", + "io=1.2#A\n", + "po=90.0#W\n", + "vs=50.0#V\n", + "i_s=5.0#A\n", + "ps=110.0#W\n", + "p=3.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r0=v**2/po\n", + "ia0=v/r0\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(io**2-ia0**2)\n", + "xm=v/ip\n", + "z=vs/i_s\n", + "r=ps/25\n", + "x=math.sqrt(z**2-r**2)\n", + "r1=r*(v1/v2)**2\n", + "x1=x*(v1/v2)**2\n", + "i_lv1=load*1000/v\n", + "i_lv=(p*1000/pf)/v\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "reg=i_lv*(r1*pf+x1*sinphi)/v\n", + "vt=v2-reg*1000/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"LV crrent at rated load=\",i_lv1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"LV current at 3kW at 0.8 lagging pf\",i_lv,\"A\"\n", + "print \"output secondary voltage=\",vt,\"V\"\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",reg*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "LV crrent at rated load= 25.0 A\n", + "LV current at 3kW at 0.8 lagging pf 18.75 A\n", + "output secondary voltage= 999.832975251 V\n", + "percentage regulation= 3.34049498886 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 105 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.29, Page Number:1048" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "loss1=52.0#W\n", + "f1=40.0#Hz\n", + "loss2=90.0#W\n", + "f2=60.0#Hz\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([(loss1/f1)-(A+f1*B),(loss2/f2)-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "wh=ans[A]*f\n", + "we=ans[B]*f**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"hysteresis=\",round(wh),\"W\"\n", + "print \"eddy current=\",round(we),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "hysteresis= 45.0 W\n", + "eddy current= 25.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.30, Page Number:1048" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab\n", + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "m=10#kg\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "f1=25.0\n", + "f2=40.0\n", + "f3=50.0\n", + "f4=60.0\n", + "f5=80.0\n", + "l1=18.5/f1\n", + "l2=36.0/f2\n", + "l3=50.0/f3\n", + "l4=66.0/f4\n", + "l5=104.0/f5\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([l1/f1-(A+f1*B),l2/f2-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "eddy_loss_per_kg=ans[B]*f**2/m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz=\",eddy_loss_per_kg,\"W\"\n", + "\n", + "#plot\n", + "F=[f1,f2,f3,f4,f5]\n", + "L=[l1,l2,l3,l4,l5]\n", + "a=plot(F,L)\n", + "xlabel(\"f -->\") \n", + "ylabel(\"Wi/f\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,100))\n", + "plt.ylim((0.74,2))\n", + "show(a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg\n", + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", + "eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz=" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " -0.118333333333333 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.31, Page Number:1148" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "v1=440#V\n", + "f1=50#Hz\n", + "p1=2500#W\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f2=25#Hz\n", + "p2=850#z\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([(p1/f1)-(A+f1*B),(p2/f2)-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "wh=ans[A]*f\n", + "we=ans[B]*f**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"hysteresis=\",round(wh),\"W\"\n", + "print \"eddy current=\",round(we),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "hysteresis= 900.0 W\n", + "eddy current= 1600.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.32, Page Number:1149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "f1=50.0#Hz\n", + "core=1000.0#W\n", + "wh=650.0#W\n", + "we=350.0#W\n", + "v2=2000.0#V\n", + "f2=100.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=wh/f1\n", + "b=we/f1**2\n", + "wh=a*f2\n", + "we=b*f2**2\n", + "new_core=wh+we\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new core loss=\",new_core,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " new core loss= 2700.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.33, Page Number:1149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "phi=1.4#Wb/m2\n", + "we=1000.0#W\n", + "wh=3000.0#W\n", + "per=10.0#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "wh1=wh*1.1**1.6\n", + "we1=we*1.1**2\n", + "wh2=wh*0.9**(-0.6)\n", + "wh3=wh*1.1**1.6*1.1**(-0.6)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)wh and we when applied voltage is increased by 10%=\",wh1,\"W\",\"and\",we1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"b)wh when frequency is reduced by 10%=\",wh2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"c)wh and we when both voltage and frequency are increased y 10%=\",wh3,\"W\",\"and\",we1,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)wh and we when applied voltage is increased by 10%= 3494.21441464 W and 1210.0 W\n", + "b)wh when frequency is reduced by 10%= 3195.77171838 W\n", + "c)wh and we when both voltage and frequency are increased y 10%= 3300.0 W and 1210.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 119 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.34, Page Number:1150" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200.0#V\n", + "f=40.0#Hz\n", + "loss=800.0#W\n", + "wh=600.0#W\n", + "we=loss-wh\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "f2=60.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "a=wh/f\n", + "b=we/f**2\n", + "core_loss=a*f2+b*f2**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"core loss at 60 Hz=\",core_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "core loss at 60 Hz= 1350.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.35, Page Number:1151" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=30.0#KvA\n", + "v1=6000.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "r1=10.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.016#ohm\n", + "x01=34.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vsc=i1*z01\n", + "pf=r01/z01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary voltage=\",vsc,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary voltage= 199.519931911 V\n", + "pf= 0.523468222173\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 124 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.36, Page Number:1152" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=200.0#V\n", + "io=0.7#A\n", + "po=70.0#W\n", + "vs=15.0#v\n", + "i_s=10.0#A\n", + "ps=85.0#W\n", + "load=5.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cosphi0=po/(vo*io)\n", + "sinphi0=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi0))\n", + "iw=io*cosphi0\n", + "imu=io*sinphi0\n", + "r0=v1/iw\n", + "x0=v1/imu\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "z01=z02/k**2\n", + "r02=ps/i_s**2\n", + "r01=r02/k**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "output=load/pf\n", + "i2=output*1000/v2\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "print z02\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1.5\n", + "secondary voltage= 377.788243349 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 130 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.37, Page Number:1152" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "k=1.0/6\n", + "r1=0.9#ohm\n", + "x1=5.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.03#ohm\n", + "x2=0.13#ohm\n", + "vsc=330.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=vsc/z01\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "cosphisc=i1**2*r01/(vsc*i1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current in low voltage winding=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",round(cosphisc,1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current in low voltage winding= 200.396236149 A\n", + "pf= 0.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 132 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.38, Page Number:1153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r1=0.2#ohm\n", + "x1=0.4#ohm\n", + "r2=0.5#ohm\n", + "x2=0.1#ohm\n", + "r0=1500.0#ohm\n", + "x0=750.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "imu=v1/x0\n", + "iw=v1/r0\n", + "i0=(iw**2+imu**2)**0.5\n", + "pi=v1*iw\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vsc=i1*z01\n", + "power=i1**2*r01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"reading of instruments=\",vsc,\"V,\",i1,\"A,\",power,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "reading of instruments= 46.8187996429 V, 20.0 A, 880.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 140 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.39, Page Number:1153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "y=Symbol('y')\n", + "load=1000#kVA\n", + "v1=110#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "per1=98.5#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "per2=98.8#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculaions\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "inpt=output*100/per2\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "inpt_half=(load/2)*pf*100/per1\n", + "loss2=inpt_half-400\n", + "ans=solve([x+y-loss,(x/4)+y-loss2],[x,y])\n", + "kva=load*(ans[y]/ans[x])*0.5\n", + "output=kva*1\n", + "cu_loss=ans[y]\n", + "total_loss=2*cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"maximum efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load copper loss= 4.07324441521606 kW\n", + "maximum efficiency= 0.968720013059872 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 148 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.40, Page Number:1154" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=200.0#v\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "r01=0.15#ohm\n", + "x01=0.37#ohm\n", + "r0=600.0#ohm\n", + "x0=300.0#ohm\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "imu=v1/x0\n", + "iw=v1/r0\n", + "i0=(imu**2+iw**2)**0.5\n", + "tantheta=iw/imu\n", + "theta=math.atan(tantheta)\n", + "theta0=math.radians(90)-theta\n", + "angle=theta0-math.acos(pf)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2_=i2*k\n", + "i1=(i0**2+i2_**2+2*i0*i2_*math.cos(angle))**0.5\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "x02=x01*k**2\n", + "vd=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)secondary terminal voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)primary current= 20.6693546639 A\n", + "ii)secondary terminal voltage= 386.32 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 149 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.43, Page Number:1158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "n1=400.0\n", + "n2=80.0\n", + "r1=0.3#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "x1=1.1#ohm\n", + "x2=0.035#ohm\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=complex(r01,x01)\n", + "z02=k**2*z01\n", + "v2=k*v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "vd=i2*(z02.real*pf-z02.imag*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=vd*100/v2\n", + "v2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)equivalent impedence=\",z02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)voltage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"secondary terminal voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)equivalent impedence= (0.022+0.079j) ohm\n", + "ii)voltage regulation= -1.53925619835 %\n", + "secondary terminal voltage= 446.772727273 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.44, Page Number:1158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "va=450.0#V\n", + "vb=120.0#V\n", + "v1=120.0#V\n", + "i1=4.2#A\n", + "w1=80.0#W\n", + "v2=9.65#V\n", + "i2=22.2#A\n", + "w2=120.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=vb/va\n", + "i0=i1*k\n", + "cosphi0=w1/(va*i0)\n", + "phi0=math.acos(cosphi0)\n", + "sinphi0=math.sin(phi0)\n", + "iw=i0*cosphi0\n", + "imu=i0*sinphi0\n", + "r0=va/iw\n", + "x0=va/imu\n", + "z01=v2/i2\n", + "r01=vb/i2**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/va\n", + "drop=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=drop*100/va\n", + "loss=w1+w2\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss)\n", + "iron_loss=w1\n", + "cu_loss=(0.5**2)*w2\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*1000*pf/2\n", + "efficiency2=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)equivalent circuit constants=\"\n", + "print \"z01=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x01=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r01=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency and voltage regulation at pf=0.8=\",efficiency*100,\"%\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)efficiency at half load and pf=0.8=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)equivalent circuit constants=\n", + "z01= 0.434684684685 ohm\n", + "x01= 0.360090249002 ohm\n", + "r01= 0.243486729973 ohm\n", + "ii)efficiency and voltage regulation at pf=0.8= 97.5609756098 % 2.02885695496 %\n", + "iii)efficiency at half load and pf=0.8= 97.3236009732 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 162 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.45, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#kVA\n", + "va=2200.0#V\n", + "vb=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=220.0#V\n", + "i1=4.2#A\n", + "w1=148.0#W\n", + "v2=86.0#V\n", + "i2=10.5#A\n", + "w2=360.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z01=v2/i2\n", + "r01=w2/i2**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/va\n", + "drop=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=drop*100/va\n", + "pf=r01/z01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",round(pf,1),\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 2.94177963326 %\n", + "pf= 0.4 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 172 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.46, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2000.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "v=60.0#V\n", + "i=4.0#A\n", + "w=100.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v_=400.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z01=v/i\n", + "r01=w/i**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vd=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage applied to hv side=\",v1+vd,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage applied to hv side= 2065.90767043 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 182 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.47, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "vs=20.0#V\n", + "i_s=12.0#A\n", + "ws=100.0#W\n", + "vo=250.0#V\n", + "io=1.0#A\n", + "wo=80.0#W\n", + "i2=10#A\n", + "v2=500#V\n", + "pg=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "cosphi0=wo/(vo*io)\n", + "iw=io*cosphi0\n", + "imu=(1-iw**2)**0.5\n", + "r0=v1/iw\n", + "x0=v1/imu\n", + "r02=ws/i_s**2\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r02/k**2\n", + "x01=x02/k**2\n", + "z01=z02/k**2\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=wo\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=i2*v2*pf/(i2*v2*pf+total_loss)\n", + "v1_=((vo*pf+x01)**2+(vo*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i1*x01)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"applied voltage=\",v1_,\"V\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "applied voltage= 251.442641983 V\n", + "efficiency= 96.3984469139 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.48, Page Number:1160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=230.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load=3.0#kVA\n", + "vo=230.0#V\n", + "io=2.0#A\n", + "wo=100.0#W\n", + "vs=15.0#V\n", + "i_s=13.0#A\n", + "ws=120.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v1\n", + "cu_loss=ws\n", + "core_loss=wo\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+core_loss)\n", + "z=vs/i_s\n", + "r=ws/(vs**2)\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=i*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 5.90121149256 %\n", + "efficiency= 91.6030534351 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 194 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.49, Page Number:1161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "efficiency=0.94\n", + "per=0.90\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=per*load*1000\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "core_loss=loss/2\n", + "pc=core_loss/per**2\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "cu_loss=pc\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+cu_loss+core_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 92.5728354534 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 196 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.50, Page Number:1161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=2300.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "r1=3.96#ohm\n", + "r2=0.0396#ohm\n", + "x1=15.8#ohm\n", + "x2=0.158#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "r=r2+r1*(v2/v1)**2\n", + "x=x1*(v2/v1)**2+x2\n", + "v1_=v2+i*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v1=v1_*(v1/v2)\n", + "phi=math.atan(r/x)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)HV side voltage necessary=\",v1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"b)pf=\",round(pf,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)HV side voltage necessary= 2409.9826087 V\n", + "b)pf= 0.97\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 199 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.51, Page Number:1162" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#v\n", + "r1=3.4#ohm\n", + "x1=7.2#ohm\n", + "r2=0.028#ohm\n", + "x2=0.060#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v2\n", + "r=r1*(v2/v1)**2+r2\n", + "x=x1*(v2/v1)**2+x2\n", + "ad=i*r*pf\n", + "dc=i*x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "oc=v2+ad+dc\n", + "bd=i*r*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "b_f=x*pf\n", + "cf=b_f-bd\n", + "v1_=(oc**2+cf**2)**0.5\n", + "v1=v1_*(v1/v2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage on hv side=\",v1,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage on hv side= 2229.28500444 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 200 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.52, Page Number:1163" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "i1=0.7#A\n", + "w1=65.0#W\n", + "v=15.0#V\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "w2=75.0#W\n", + "pf=0.80\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*1000/v1\n", + "ih=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=w2\n", + "constant_loss=w1\n", + "z=v/i2\n", + "r=w2/i2**2\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "efficiency=load*100000/(load*1000+cu_loss+constant_loss)\n", + "regn=i2*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load regulation=\",regn,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency= 96.6183574879 %\n", + "full load regulation= 13.7942286341 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 209 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.53, Page Number:1164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=3300.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load=50.0#kVA\n", + "z=4\n", + "cu_loss=1.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "x=(z**2-cu_loss**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "r01=cu_loss*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "x01=x*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "z01=z*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "isc=i1*100/z\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"%x=\",x,\"%\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"primary sc current=\",isc,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "%x= 3.5721142199 %\n", + "resistance= 3.9204 ohm\n", + "reactance= 7.78006477094 ohm\n", + "impedence= 8.712 ohm\n", + "primary sc current= 378.787878788 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.54, Page Number:1164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=220.0#V\n", + "i_o=4.2#A\n", + "wo=148.0#W\n", + "vs=86.0#V\n", + "i_s=10.5#A\n", + "ws=360.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=ws/i_s**2\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "z10=vs/i_s\n", + "x01=(z10**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "x02=k**2*x01\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "v1_=((v1*pf+i1*r01)**2+(v1*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i1*x01)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn1=(v1_-v1)/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "core_loss=wo\n", + "cu_loss=i1**2*r01\n", + "cu_loss_half=(i1/2)**2*r01\n", + "efficiency=load*1000*pf*100/(load*1000*pf+core_loss+cu_loss)\n", + "efficiency_half=(load/2)*1000*pf*100/((load/2)*1000*pf+core_loss+cu_loss)\n", + "print v1_ \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)core loss=\",wo,\"W\"\n", + "print \"b)equivalent resistance primary=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"c)equivalent resistance secondary=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"d)equivalent reactance primary=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"e)equivalent reactance secondary=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"f)regulation=\",regn1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"g)efficiency at full load=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"h)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency_half,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "2265.01840886\n", + "a)core loss= 148.0 W\n", + "b)equivalent resistance primary= 3.26530612245 ohm\n", + "c)equivalent resistance secondary= 0.0326530612245 ohm\n", + "d)equivalent reactance primary= 7.51143635755 ohm\n", + "e)equivalent reactance secondary= 0.0751143635755 ohm\n", + "f)regulation= 2.95538222101 %\n", + "g)efficiency at full load= 97.4548448466 %\n", + "h)efficiency at half load= 95.0360304208 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 222 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.55, Page Number:1165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "er=1.0/100\n", + "ex=5.0/100\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "regn=er*pf+ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "regn2=er*1\n", + "regn3=er*pf-ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)regulation with pf=0.8 lag=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)regulation with pf=1=\",regn2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)regulation with pf=0.8 lead=\",regn3*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)regulation with pf=0.8 lag= 3.8 %\n", + "ii)regulation with pf=1= 1.0 %\n", + "iii)regulation with pf=0.8 lead= -2.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 223 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.56, Page Number:1165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500#kVA\n", + "v1=3300#V\n", + "v2=500#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "per=0.97\n", + "ratio=3.0/4\n", + "zper=0.10\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=load*ratio*1\n", + "x=0.75\n", + "pi=0.5*(output*(1/per-1))\n", + "pc=pi/x**2\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "r=pc*1000/i1**2\n", + "er=i1*r/v1\n", + "ez=zper\n", + "ex=(ez**2-er**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=er*pf+ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 7.52529846012 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.57, Page Number:1166" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "cu_loss=1.5#%\n", + "xdrop=3.5#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pur=cu_loss/100\n", + "pux=xdrop/100\n", + "regn2=pur*pf+pux*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "regn1=pur*1\n", + "regn3=pur*pf-pux*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)regulation at unity pf=\",regn1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)regulation at 0.8 lag=\",regn2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)regulation at 0.8 lead=\",regn3*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)regulation at unity pf= 1.5 %\n", + "ii)regulation at 0.8 lag= 3.3 %\n", + "iii)regulation at 0.8 lead= -0.9 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 226 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.58, Page Number:1168" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=250#KVA\n", + "w1=5.0#kW\n", + "w2=7.5#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "total_loss=w1+w2\n", + "loss=total_loss/2\n", + "cu_loss=efficiency**2*w2/2\n", + "output=load*efficiency*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+2.5)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.0186963113 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.59, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2000.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "w1=350.0#W\n", + "w2=400.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "total_loss=w1+w2\n", + "output=load*1000*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss=w2*(0.5)**2\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+w1\n", + "efficiency2=(load*1000/2)/((load*1000/2)+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)efficiency at full load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)efficiency at full load= 97.0873786408 %\n", + "ii)efficiency at half load= 96.5250965251 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 232 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.60, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=efficiency**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of P1 and P2=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of P1 and P2= 0.5625\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 233 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.61, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load1=150.0#KVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=1.4#kW\n", + "cu_loss=1.6#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "load=load1*(cu_loss/loss)**0.5\n", + "total_loss=loss*2\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss=cu_loss*(0.5)**2\n", + "total_loss=total_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output2=(load/2)*pf\n", + "efficiency2=output2/(output2+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)kVA load for max efficiency=\",load1,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"max efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)kVA load for max efficiency= 150.0 kVA\n", + "max efficiency= 98.283858876 %\n", + "ii)efficiency at half load= 95.2481856352 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 237 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.62, Page Number:1171" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#V\n", + "v2=230#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "iron_loss=40#W\n", + "cu_loss=112#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "def e(k):\n", + " e=k*pf*1000*100/(k*pf*1000+(cu_loss*(k/5)**2+40))\n", + " return(e)\n", + "\n", + "e1=e(1.25)\n", + "e2=e(2.5)\n", + "e3=e(3.75)\n", + "e4=e(5.0)\n", + "e5=e(6.25)\n", + "e6=e(7.5)\n", + "\n", + "K=[1.25,2.5,3.75,5.0,6.25,7.5]\n", + "E=[e1,e2,e3,e4,e5,e6]\n", + "a=plot(K,E)\n", + "xlabel(\"load,kVA\") \n", + "ylabel(\"Efficiency\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,8))\n", + "plt.ylim((92,98))\n", + "show(a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.63, Page Number:1171" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=200.0#kVA\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*pf\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "x=loss*1000/(1+9.0/16)\n", + "y=(9.0/16)*x\n", + "cu_loss=x*(1.0/2)**2\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+y\n", + "output=load*pf*0.5\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss/1000)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at hald load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency at hald load= 97.9216626699 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.64, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "r1=1.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "loss=0.80\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=loss*cu_loss\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "output=load*pf*1000\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary resistance=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary resistance= 0.02 ohm\n", + "efficiency= 97.7284199899 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.65, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "r01=0.5#ohm\n", + "x01=1.5#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.0/4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "loss=100.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "x02=k**2*x01\n", + "i2=1000*load*ratio/v2\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*ratio*pf\n", + "inpt=output*1000+total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/(inpt)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",output,\"w\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 2.4 w\n", + "efficiency= 91.8660287081 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.66, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=440.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=324.0#W\n", + "cu_loss=100.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=4*cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=load*pf/(load*pf+cu_loss/1000+loss/1000)\n", + "per=(loss/cu_loss)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)percent of full-load=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)efficiency= 95.6708921311 %\n", + "ii)percent of full-load= 90.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.67, Page Number:1173" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vo=200.0#V\n", + "io=0.8#A\n", + "wo=70.0#W\n", + "vs=20.0#V\n", + "i_s=10.0#A\n", + "ws=60.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "loss=ws+wo\n", + "output=load*pf\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss/1000)\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "r02=ws/i2**2\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "load=load*(wo/ws)**0.5\n", + "load=load*1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"load at unity pf=\",load,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 96.0960960961 %\n", + "secondary voltage= 383.752729583 V\n", + "current= 20.0 A\n", + "load at unity pf= 4.32049379894 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.69, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "y=Symbol('y')\n", + "load=600.0#KVA\n", + "efficiency=0.92\n", + "per=0.60\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "loss1=inpt-load\n", + "inpt2=load/(2*efficiency)\n", + "loss2=inpt2-load/2\n", + "ans=solve([x+y-loss1,x+y/4-loss2],[x,y])\n", + "cu_loss=ans[y]*0.36\n", + "loss=cu_loss+ans[x]\n", + "output=load*per\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "389.913043478261\n", + "efficiency= 92.3282783229260 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.70, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#kVA\n", + "e1=0.98\n", + "e2=0.80\n", + "pf=8\n", + "z=0.05\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*pf1*e2\n", + "inpt=output/e1\n", + "loss=-output+inpt\n", + "cu_loss=loss/2\n", + "cu_loss_full=cu_loss/pf1**2\n", + "r=round(cu_loss_full*100/load)\n", + "sin=math.sin(math.acos(pf1))\n", + "regn=(r*pf1+5*sin)+(1.0/200)*(5*pf1-r*sin)**2\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation= 3.8578 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.71, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#KVA\n", + "v1=5000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "f=25.0#Hz\n", + "cu_loss=1.5\n", + "we=0.5\n", + "wh=0.6\n", + "v2=10000.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss1=cu_loss*load/100\n", + "we1=we*load/100\n", + "wh1=wh*load/100\n", + "cu_loss2=cu_loss1\n", + "we2=(we1*(50.0/25.0)**2)\n", + "wh2=(wh1*(50.0/25))\n", + "e1=load*100/(load+cu_loss1+we1+wh1)\n", + "e2=load*2*100/(load*2+cu_loss2+we2+wh2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency in first case=\",e1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load efficiency in second case=\",e2,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "20.47 0.06 0.05\n", + "full load efficiency in first case= 97.4658869396 %\n", + "full load efficiency in second case= 97.7039570103 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.72, Page Number:1175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=300#KVA\n", + "r=1.5#%\n", + "load1=173.2#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=r*load*1000/100\n", + "iron_loss=(load1/load)**2*cu_loss\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency=(load*pf)*100/((load*pf)+(total_loss/1000))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.5610105096 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.73, Page Number:1175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "phim=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "a=0.04#m2\n", + "l=2.5#m\n", + "bm=1200\n", + "inpt=1200#W\n", + "pi=400#W\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "f2=100#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n1=v1/(4.44*f*phim*a)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "n2=k*n1\n", + "i=1989/n1\n", + "cu_loss=efficiency**2*inpt\n", + "total_loss=pi+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*efficiency*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss/1000)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)n1=\",round(n1)\n", + "print \" n2=\",round(n2)\n", + "print \"b)magnetising current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"c)efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.00643416423287\n", + "a)n1= 216.0\n", + " n2= 22.0\n", + "b)magnetising current= 9.21512347826 A\n", + "c)efficiency= 98.2398690135 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.74, Page Number:1176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1.8\n", + "x=5.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pf=r/x\n", + "phi=math.atan(pf)\n", + "phi2=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "regn=r*math.cos(phi2)+x*math.sin(phi2)\n", + "efficiency=100/(100+r*2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)i)phi=\",math.degrees(phi),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \" ii)regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"b)efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)i)phi= 18.4349488229 degrees\n", + " ii)regulation= 5.6920997883 %\n", + "b)efficiency= 96.5250965251 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.75, Page Number:1176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "vo=250.0#V\n", + "io=3.0#A\n", + "wo=200.0#W\n", + "vsc=15.0#V\n", + "isc=30.0#A\n", + "wsc=300.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=(i/isc)**2*wsc\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+wo)\n", + "z=vsc/isc\n", + "r=wsc/isc**2\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(i/v2)*(r*pf-x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))*v2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 91.6030534351 %\n", + "regulation= 1.72239475667 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.76, Page Number:1177" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=40.0#kVA\n", + "loss=400.0#W\n", + "cu_loss=800.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "x=(loss/cu_loss)**0.5\n", + "output=load*x*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+load*2/100)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.2493723732 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.77, Page Number:1178" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#kVA\n", + "v1=500#V\n", + "v2=250#V\n", + "vsc=60#V\n", + "isc=20#A\n", + "wsc=150#W\n", + "per=1.2\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/v1\n", + "cu_loss=per**2*wsc\n", + "output=per*load*1.0\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss*2/1000)\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "e2=output*100/(output+cu_loss+wsc)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full-load efficiency=\",e2,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum efficiency= 96.5250965251 %\n", + "full-load efficiency= 95.6251494143 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.78, Page Number:1181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500.0#kVA\n", + "cu_loss=4.5#kW\n", + "iron_loss=3.5#kW\n", + "t1=6.0#hrs\n", + "t2=10.0#hrs\n", + "t3=4.0#hrs\n", + "t4=4.0#hrs\n", + "load1_=400.0#kW\n", + "load2_=300.0#kW\n", + "load3_=100.0#kW\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.75\n", + "pf3=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "load1=load1_/pf1\n", + "load2=load2_/pf2\n", + "load3=load3_/pf3\n", + "wc1=cu_loss\n", + "wc2=cu_loss*(load2/load1)**2\n", + "wc3=cu_loss*(load3/load1)**2\n", + "twc=(t1*wc1)+(t2*wc2)+(t3*wc3)+(t4*0)\n", + "iron_loss=24*iron_loss\n", + "total_loss=twc+iron_loss\n", + "output=(t1*load1_)+(t2*load2_)+(t3*load3_)\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.6 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 86 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.79, Page Number:1182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "loss=3.0#kW\n", + "tf=3.0#hrs\n", + "th=4.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "iron_loss=loss*24/2\n", + "wcf=loss*tf/2\n", + "wch=loss/8\n", + "wch=wch*4\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+wch+wcf\n", + "output=load*tf+load*th/2\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 92.2509225092 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 89 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.80, Page Number:1182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#KW\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "tf=4.0#hrs\n", + "th=6.0#hrs\n", + "t10=14.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#1st transformer\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "tloss=inpt-load\n", + "y=tloss/2\n", + "x=y\n", + "iron_loss=x*24\n", + "cu_loss=x*tf+th*(x/2**2)+t10*(x/10**2)\n", + "loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=tf*load+th*load/2+t10*10\n", + "e1=output/(output+loss)\n", + "#2nd transformer\n", + "y=tloss/(1+1.0/4)\n", + "x=(tloss-y)\n", + "iron_loss=x*24\n", + "wc=tf*y+th*(y/2**2)+t10*(y/10**2)\n", + "loss=iron_loss+wc\n", + "e2=output/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency of forst transformer=\",e1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"efficiency ofsecond transformer=\",e2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.408163265306 1.63265306122\n", + "efficiency of forst transformer= 96.5245532574 %\n", + "efficiency ofsecond transformer= 97.7876610788 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.81, Page Number:1183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "nl=10.0#hrs\n", + "ql=7.0#hrs\n", + "hl=5.0#hrs\n", + "fl=2.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-load\n", + "wc_fl=loss/2\n", + "iron_loss=loss/2\n", + "wc_fl_4=(1.0/4)**2*wc_fl\n", + "wc_fl_2=(1.0/2)**2*wc_fl\n", + "wc_ql=ql*wc_fl_4\n", + "wc_hl=hl*wc_fl_2\n", + "wc_fl_2=fl*wc_fl\n", + "wc=wc_ql+wc_hl+wc_fl_2\n", + "wh=wc\n", + "loss=wh+24*iron_loss\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "half_output=(output/2)\n", + "q_load=(load/4)\n", + "output=ql*q_load+hl*half_output+fl*output\n", + "e=output*100/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 89.5592740985 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 115 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.82, Page Number:1183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "load=15#kVA\n", + "t1=12.0#hrs\n", + "t2=6.0#hrs\n", + "t3=6.0#hrs\n", + "pf1=0.5\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "k1=2#kW\n", + "k2=12#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "wc=loss/2\n", + "wi=loss/2\n", + "w1=k1/pf1\n", + "w2=k2/pf2\n", + "wc1=wc*(4/load)\n", + "wc2=wc\n", + "wc12=t1*wc1\n", + "wc6=t2*wc2\n", + "wc=(wc12+wc6)\n", + "wi=24*wi\n", + "output=(k1*t1)+(t2*k2)\n", + "inpt=output+wc+wi\n", + "e=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.918367346939 3.67346938776\n", + "efficiency= 95.4351795496 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 120 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.83, Page Number:1184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=150.0#KVA\n", + "l1_=100.0#kVA\n", + "t=3.0#hrs\n", + "loss=1.0#KW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "l1=l1_/2\n", + "l2=l1_\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "loss=loss*2\n", + "e1=output/(output+loss)\n", + "wc1=t*(1.0/3)**2*1\n", + "wc2=8*(2.0/3)**2*1\n", + "wc=wc1+wc2\n", + "wi=24*1\n", + "loss=wc+wi\n", + "output=3*(l1*1)+8*(l2*1)\n", + "e2=(output*100)/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ordinary efficiency=\",e1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"all day efficiency=\",e2,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ordinary efficiency= 98.6842105263 %\n", + "all day efficiency= 97.1480513578 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 127 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.84, Page Number:1184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50#KVA\n", + "efficiency=0.94#%\n", + "nl=10\n", + "hl=5.0\n", + "ql=6.0\n", + "fl=3.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pi=0.5*(load*1000)*(1-efficiency)/efficiency\n", + "wch=(0.5)**2*pi\n", + "eh=wch*hl/1000\n", + "wcq=(0.25)**2*pi\n", + "eq=ql*wcq/1000\n", + "e3=pi*3/1000\n", + "e2=pi*24/1000\n", + "e=25*hl+12.5*ql+50*fl\n", + "efficiency=e/(e+e2+eh+eq+e3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 88.4557217274 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.85, Page Number:1185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "t1=7.0#hrs\n", + "t2=4.0#hrs\n", + "t3=8.0#hrs\n", + "t4=5.0#hrs\n", + "k1=3.0#kW\n", + "k2=8.0#kW\n", + "pf1=0.6\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "x1=k1/(pf1*load)\n", + "x2=k2/(pf2*load)\n", + "x3=load/(1*load)\n", + "pc1=(0.5)**2*0.1\n", + "pc2=pc3=0.10\n", + "o1=k1*t1\n", + "o2=k2*t2\n", + "o3=k2*load\n", + "output=o1+o2+o3\n", + "wc1=pc1*t1\n", + "wc2=pc2*t2\n", + "wc3=pc3*t3\n", + "cu_loss=wc1+wc2+wc3\n", + "loss=400.0*24/10000\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss+cu_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficency= 98.27465179 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 142 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.86, Page Number:1185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=.98\n", + "load=15.0#kVA\n", + "t1=12.0\n", + "t2=6.0\n", + "t3=6.0\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "pf3=0.9\n", + "k1=2.0\n", + "k2=12.0\n", + "k3=18.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*1000\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "cu_loss=loss/2\n", + "x1=k1/(0.5*load)\n", + "x2=k2/(pf2*load)\n", + "x3=k3/(pf3*load)\n", + "wc1=0.131\n", + "wc2=0.918\n", + "wc3=1.632\n", + "o1=t1*k1\n", + "o2=t2*k2\n", + "o3=t3*k3\n", + "output=o1+o2+o3\n", + "loss=wc1+wc2+wc3+0.153*24\n", + "efficiency=(output*100)/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 96.9798386522 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.87, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.0#kW\n", + "v1=115.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "power=load*(1-k)\n", + "power2=k*load\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)power transferred inductively=\",power,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"b)power transferred conductively=\",power2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)power transferred inductively= 1.5 kW\n", + "b)power transferred conductively= 1.5 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 145 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.88, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i1=k*i\n", + "saving=k*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"economy of cu=\",saving" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "economy of cu= 80.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 147 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.89, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500.0#KVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=6600.0#V\n", + "v2=5000.0#V\n", + "e=8.0#V\n", + "phim1=1.3#Wb/m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phim=e/(4.44*f)\n", + "area=phim/phim1\n", + "n1=v1/e\n", + "n2=v2/e\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"core area=\",area*10000,\"m2\"\n", + "print \"number of turns on the hv side=\",n1\n", + "print \"number of turns on the lv side=\",n2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "core area= 277.2002772 m2\n", + "number of turns on the hv side= 825.0\n", + "number of turns on the lv side= 625.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.90, Page Number:1189" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=round(load*1000/v1,1)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "kva=2640*i2*0.001\n", + "kva_per=kva*100/load\n", + "i1_=kva*1000/v1\n", + "ic=i1_-i2\n", + "over=ic*100/i1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)i1=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)i2=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)kVA rating=\",kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)per cent increase in kVA=\",kva_per,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)I1=\",i1_,\"A\"\n", + "print \" Ic=\",ic,\"A\"\n", + "print \"vi)per cent overload=\",over,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)i1= 8.3 A\n", + "ii)i2= 83.0 A\n", + "iii)kVA rating= 219.12 kVA\n", + "iv)per cent increase in kVA= 1095.6 %\n", + "v)I1= 91.3 A\n", + " Ic= 8.3 A\n", + "vi)per cent overload= 100.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 159 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.91, Page Number:1190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=round(load*1000/v1,1)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "kva=2160*i2*0.001\n", + "kva_per=kva*100/load\n", + "i1_=kva*1000/v1\n", + "ic=i2-i1_\n", + "over=ic*100/i1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)i1=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)i2=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)kVA rating=\",kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)per cent increase in kVA=\",kva_per,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)I1=\",i1_,\"A\"\n", + "print \" Ic=\",ic,\"A\"\n", + "print \"vi)per cent overload=\",over,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)i1= 8.3 A\n", + "ii)i2= 83.0 A\n", + "iii)kVA rating= 179.28 kVA\n", + "iv)per cent increase in kVA= 896.4 %\n", + "v)I1= 74.7 A\n", + " Ic= 8.3 A\n", + "vi)per cent overload= 100.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 160 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.92, Page Number:1190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=110.0#V\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "iron_loss=50.0#W\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=load*1000/efficiency-load*1000-iron_loss\n", + "efficiency=load*1000/(load*1000+cu_loss/4+iron_loss)\n", + "i2=(load*1000+cu_loss/4+iron_loss)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"current drawn on hv side=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.9760216579 %\n", + "current drawn on hv side= 23.1967703349 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.93, Page Number:1191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11500#V\n", + "v2=2300#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kva=(v1+v2)*50*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage output=\",v1+v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"kVA rating of auto transformer=\",kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage output= 13800 V\n", + "kVA rating of auto transformer= 690.0 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.94, Page Number:1191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11500.0#V\n", + "v2=2300.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#KVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*100/v1\n", + "i2=load*100/v2\n", + "kva1=(v1+v2)*i1/(100)\n", + "kva2=(v1+v2)*i2/(100)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage ratios=\",(v1+v2)/v1,\"or\",(v1+v2)/v2\n", + "print \"kVA rating in first case=\",kva1\n", + "print \"kVA rating in second case=\",kva2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage ratios= 1.2 or 6.0\n", + "kVA rating in first case= 120.0\n", + "kVA rating in second case= 600.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 167 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.95, Page Number:1192" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2400.0#v\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "load=50.0#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "output=2640*i2\n", + "i=i2*2640/v1\n", + "k=2640/v1\n", + "poweri=v1*i1*0.001\n", + "power=output/1000-poweri\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rating of the auto-transformer=\",output/1000,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"inductively transferred powers=\",poweri,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"conductively transferred powers=\",power,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rating of the auto-transformer= 550.0 kVA\n", + "inductively transferred powers= 50.0 kW\n", + "conductively transferred powers= 500.0 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 169 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.96, Page Number:1196" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "za=complex(0.5,3)\n", + "zb=complex(0.,10)\n", + "load=100#KW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load/pf*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa)*math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb)*math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "96.082805253\n", + "SA= 74.5937961595 kW\n", + "SB= 25.4062038405 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 174 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.97, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r1=0.005#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "x1=0.05#ohm\n", + "x2=0.04#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "za=complex(r1,x1)\n", + "zb=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.degrees((-1)*math.acos(pf))*math.degrees(math.atan((za/zb).imag/(za/zb).real)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load of B=\",abs(za/zb)\n", + "print \"pf of B=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load of B= 1.21872643265\n", + "pf of B= 0.613584256393\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 202 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.98, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=250#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1,6)\n", + "zb=complex(1.2,4.8)\n", + "load1=500#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load1*complex(-pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 224.451917244 -39.3923099293\n", + "SB= 275.942423833 -34.8183886694\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 205 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.99, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabledeclaration\n", + "load=100.0#KW\n", + "r1=0.5\n", + "x1=8.0\n", + "r2=0.75\n", + "x2=4.0\n", + "load1=180.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "load=load1/pf\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "z1=complex(r1,x1)\n", + "z2=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "s1=s*z2/(z1+z2)\n", + "s2=s*z1/(z1+z2)\n", + "kw1=abs(s1)*math.cos(math.atan(s1.imag/s1.real))\n", + "kw2=abs(s2)*math.cos(math.atan(s2.imag/s2.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kW1=\",kw1,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"kW2=\",kw2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(1.25+12j)\n", + "kW1= 58.119626171 kW\n", + "kW2= 121.880373829 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.100, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=200.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "za=complex(1,5)\n", + "zb=complex(2,6)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load/pf*complex(0.85,-0.527)\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kVA for A=\",abs(sa),math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"lag\"\n", + "print \"kVA for B=\",abs(sb),math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kVA for A= 130.53263665 0.819364787986 lag\n", + "kVA for B= 105.238776124 0.884143252833 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 216 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.101, Page Number:1198" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "load=125.0#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(0.9,10)\n", + "zb=(100/50)*complex(1.0,5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 63.0780848499 -39.929442891 degrees\n", + "SB= 62.1031510961 -33.7622749748 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 218 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.102, Page Number:1199" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=500#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1,5)\n", + "load2=250#kVA\n", + "zb=complex(1.5,4)\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "load=750#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zb=(500/load2)*zb\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 471.125736359 -40.3232138964 degrees\n", + "SB= 281.165527855 -31.0771011508 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 219 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.103, Page Number:1199" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=1000#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,3)\n", + "zb=complex(2.5,5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=i*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ratio=zb/za\n", + "ib=i/(1+ratio)\n", + "ia=i-ib\n", + "ratio=ia.real/ib.real\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"IA=\",ia\n", + "print \"IB=\",ib\n", + "print \"ratio of output=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IA= (504.451038576-341.246290801j)\n", + "IB= (295.548961424-258.753709199j)\n", + "ratio of output= 1.70682730924\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 220 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.104, Page Number:1200" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1.0,5.0)\n", + "zb=complex(2.0,2.0)\n", + "load1=300.0#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(100.0/250)*zb\n", + "s=load1*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "zab=za*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "drop=zab.real*240/100+zab.imag*180/100\n", + "v2=v2-v2*drop/100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 55.8895719399 -64.6284382469 degrees\n", + "SB= 251.890896741 -30.9383707209 degrees\n", + "secondary voltage= 486.177874187 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 223 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.105, Page Number:1200" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n11=5000.0\n", + "n12=440.0\n", + "load1=200#kVA\n", + "n21=5000.0\n", + "n22=480.0\n", + "load2=350#kVA\n", + "x=3.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=load1*1000/n12\n", + "i2=load2*1000/n22\n", + "x1=x*n12/(100*i1)\n", + "x2=x*n22/(100*i2)\n", + "ic=(n22-n12)/0.057\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no-load circulation current=\",ic/i1,\"times the normal current of 200 kVA unit\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no-load circulation current= 1.54385964912 times the normal current of 200 kVA unit\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.106, Page Number:1203" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabe declaration\n", + "ea=6600#V\n", + "eb=6400#V\n", + "za=complex(0.3,3)\n", + "zb=complex(0.2,1)\n", + "zl=complex(8.0,6.0)\n", + "ia=(ea*zb+(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(eb*za-(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"IA=\",abs(ia),\"A\"\n", + "print \"IB=\",abs(ib),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IA= 195.492387533 A\n", + "IB= 422.567795916 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 227 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.107, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=100.0#kVA\n", + "load2=50.0#kVA\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "v2=950.0#V\n", + "r1=2.0\n", + "r2=2.5\n", + "x1=8.0\n", + "x2=6.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=load1*1000/v1\n", + "ra=v1*r1/(100*ia)\n", + "xa=v1*x1/(100*ia)\n", + "ib=load2*1000/v2\n", + "rb=v2*r2/(100*ib)\n", + "xb=v2*x2/(100*ib)\n", + "z=((ra+rb)**2+(xa+xb)**2)**0.5\n", + "ic=(v1-v2)/z\n", + "alpha=math.atan((xa+xb)/(ra+rb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no load circulating current=\",ic,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no load circulating current= 25.0948635944 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 231 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.108, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=1000.0#KVA\n", + "load2=500.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=510.0#V\n", + "z1=3.0\n", + "z2=5.0\n", + "r=0.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=load1*1000/480\n", + "ib=load2*1000/480\n", + "za=z1*v1/(100*ia)\n", + "zb=z2*v2/(100*ib)\n", + "ic=(v2-v1)/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"cross current=\",ic,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "cross current= 315.656565657 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 233 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.109, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "loada=500.0#KVA\n", + "loadb=250.0#kVA\n", + "load=750.0#KVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v1=405.0#V\n", + "v2=415.0#V\n", + "ra=1.0\n", + "rb=1.5\n", + "xa=5.0\n", + "xb=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=loada*1000/400\n", + "ra=400/(100*ia)\n", + "xa=xa*400/(100*ia)\n", + "ib=loadb*1000/400\n", + "rb=rb*400/(100*ib)\n", + "xb=xb*400/(100*ib)\n", + "za=complex(ra,xa)\n", + "zb=complex(rb,xb)\n", + "zl=400**2*0.001/load*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ic=(v1-v2)/(za+zb)\n", + "ia=(v1*zb+(v1-v2)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(v2*za-(v1-v2)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "sa=400*ia/1000\n", + "sb=400*ib/1000\n", + "pf1=math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real))\n", + "pf2=math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cross current=\",-abs(ic),math.degrees(math.atan(ic.imag/ic.real))\n", + "print \"b)SA=\",abs(sa),pf1,\"lag\"\n", + "print \" SB=\",abs(sb),pf2,\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cross current= -229.754569404 -72.8972710309\n", + "b)SA= 387.844943528 0.820048560714 lag\n", + " SB= 351.964386212 0.738709225528 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 243 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.110, Page Number:1205" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "zl=complex(2.0,1.5)\n", + "za=complex(0.15,0.5)\n", + "zb=complex(0.1,0.6)\n", + "ea=207#V\n", + "eb=205#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(ea*zb+(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(eb*za-(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "v2_=(ia+ib)*zl\n", + "angle=math.atan(v2_.imag/v2_.real)-math.atan(ia.imag/ia.real)\n", + "pfa=math.cos(angle)\n", + "angle=math.atan(v2_.imag/v2_.real)-math.atan(ib.imag/ib.real)\n", + "pfb=math.cos(angle)\n", + "pa=abs(v2_)*abs(ia)*pfa\n", + "pb=abs(v2_)*abs(ib)*pfb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output:\"\n", + "print \" A:\",pa,\"W\"\n", + "print \" B:\",pb,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power factor:\"\n", + "print \" A:\",pfa\n", + "print \" B:\",pfb\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power output:\n", + " A: 6535.37583042 W\n", + " B: 4925.36941503 W\n", + "power factor:\n", + " A: 0.818428780129\n", + " B: 0.775705655277\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 248 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.111, Page Number:1206" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "ib=600.0#A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "rb=0.025#ohm\n", + "xa=0.05#ohm\n", + "xb=0.06#ohm\n", + "ea=245.0#V\n", + "eb=240.0#V\n", + "zl=complex(0.25,0.1)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "za=(ea/ia)*complex(ra,xa)\n", + "zb=(eb/ib)*complex(rb,xb)\n", + "i=(ea*zb+eb*za)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "v2=i*zl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",round(abs(v2)),round(math.degrees(math.atan(v2.imag/v2.real))),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 230.0 -3.0 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter33_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter33_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..495cee05 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter33_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1433 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:62e227cc38186a0706017dd159987c82bd21be1d7e8602e20c55cf079ab30efe" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 33: Transformer:Three Phase" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.1, Page Number:1216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=3\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vd=22000.0#V\n", + "vs=400.0#V\n", + "phi=0.8\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calcuations\n", + "v_phase_secondary=vs/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "K=(vs/vd)/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i_primary=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i_secondary=i_primary/K\n", + "il=i_secondary\n", + "output=math.sqrt(3)*il*vs*phi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output=\",output/10000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output= 15.2420471066 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.2, Page Number:1217" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=500.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vls=11.0#kV\n", + "vld=33.0#kV\n", + "rh=35.0#ohm\n", + "rl=0.876#ohm\n", + "iron_loss=3050.0#W\n", + "phi1=1.0\n", + "phi2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "K=(vls*1000)/(math.sqrt(3)*vld*1000)\n", + "r02=rl+K**2*rh\n", + "i_Secondary=(w*1000)/(math.sqrt(3)*vls*1000)\n", + "#full load\n", + "fl_culoss=3*((w/(vls*math.sqrt(3)))**2)*r02\n", + "fl_totalloss=fl_culoss+iron_loss\n", + "fl_efficiency1=w*1000/(w*1000+fl_totalloss)\n", + "fl_efficiency2=(phi2*w*1000)/(w*phi2*1000+fl_totalloss)\n", + "#half load\n", + "cu_loss=.5**2*fl_culoss\n", + "totalloss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency1=(w*1000/2)/((w*1000/2)+totalloss)\n", + "efficiency2=(w*1000*phi2/2)/((phi2*w*1000/2)+totalloss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency at p.f. 1=\",fl_efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load efficiency at p.f. 0.8=\",fl_efficiency2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency at p.f. 1=\",efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency at p.f. 0.8=\",round(efficiency2*100),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency at p.f. 1= 98.5147491838 %\n", + "full load efficiency at p.f. 0.8= 98.1503046336 %\n", + "half load efficiency at p.f. 1= 98.3585709725 %\n", + "half load efficiency at p.f. 0.8= 98.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.3, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.02\n", + "va=2000\n", + "reactance=0.1\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "cu_loss=r*100*va/100\n", + "regn=r*100*math.cos(phi)+reactance*100*math.sin(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Cu loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"Regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cu loss= 40.0 kW\n", + "Regulation= 7.6 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 39 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.4, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=120.0#kVA\n", + "v1=6000.0\n", + "v2=400.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "iron_loss=1600.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss_fl=iron_loss*((4/3)**2)\n", + "fl_output=w*pf*1000\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss_fl\n", + "efficiency1=fl_output/(fl_output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss_hl=0.5**2*cu_loss_fl\n", + "total_loss2=cu_loss_hl+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency2=(w*1000/2)/((w*1000/2)+total_loss2)\n", + "total_loss3=2*iron_loss\n", + "output=(3.0/4)*w*1000\n", + "inpt=output+total_loss3\n", + "efficiency=output/inpt\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency=\",efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"3/4 load efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency= 96.7741935484 %\n", + "half load efficiency= 96.7741935484 %\n", + "3/4 load efficiency= 96.5665236052 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.5, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "rp=8.0#ohm\n", + "rs=0.08#ohm\n", + "z=0.07\n", + "pf=0.75\n", + "v1=33.0\n", + "v2=6.6\n", + "w=2*10.0**6\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "fl_i=w/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*10**3)\n", + "K=v2/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "r02=rs+(rp*(K*K))\n", + "z_drop=z*v2*1000/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z02=z_drop/fl_i\n", + "x02=math.sqrt((z02*z02)-(r02*r02))\n", + "drop=fl_i*(r02*math.cos(phi)+x02*math.sin(phi))\n", + "secondary_v=v2*1000/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "V2=secondary_v-drop\n", + "line_v=V2*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "regn=drop*100/secondary_v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary voltage\",line_v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary voltage 6254.29059005 V\n", + "regulation= 5.23802136291 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.6, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=100.0#kWA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=3300.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "rh=3.5#ohm\n", + "rl=0.02#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "efficiency=0.958\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=0.8*100\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=(inpt-output)*1000\n", + "K=v2/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "r02=rl+K**2*rh\n", + "i2=((w*1000)/math.sqrt(3))/v2\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ironloss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.0371411080502\n", + "2321.31925314\n", + "ironloss= 1185.98763622 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.7, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=5000.0#kVA\n", + "v1=6.6#kV\n", + "v2=33.0#kV\n", + "nl=15.0#kW\n", + "fl=50.0#kW\n", + "drop=0.07\n", + "load=3200.0#kw\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i2=w*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*1000)\n", + "impedence_drop=drop*(v2/math.sqrt(3))*1000\n", + "z02=impedence_drop/i2\n", + "cu_loss=fl-nl\n", + "r02=cu_loss*1000/(3*i2**2)\n", + "x02=math.sqrt(z02**2-r02**2)\n", + "print \"full-load x02:\",x02\n", + "\n", + "#when load=3200#kW\n", + "i2=load/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*0.8)\n", + "drop_=drop*1000*(r02*math.cos(phi)+z02*math.sin(phi))\n", + "regn=(drop_*100)/(v2*1000/math.sqrt(3))\n", + "vp=v1+regn/100*v1\n", + "print \"Primary voltage=\",vp*1000,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load x02: 15.1695784661\n", + "Primary voltage= 6851.39317975 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 95 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.8, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1\n", + "x=6\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "v2=4800#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "regn=(r*math.cos(phi)+z*math.sin(phi))\n", + "secondary_v=v2+regn/100*v2\n", + "secondary_vp=secondary_v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "K=secondary_vp/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Transformation Ratio=\",K" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Transformation Ratio= 0.423426587968\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.9, Page Number:1220" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=2000#kVA\n", + "v1=6600#V\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "scv=400#V\n", + "sci=175#A\n", + "scw=17#kW\n", + "ocv=400#V\n", + "oci=150#A\n", + "ocw=15#kW\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=sci/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z01=scv/i1\n", + "r01=scw*1000/(3*i1*i1)\n", + "x01=math.sqrt(z01**2-r01**2)\n", + "r=i1*r01*100/v1\n", + "x=i1*x01*100/v1\n", + "regn=(r*math.cos(phi)-x*math.sin(phi))\n", + "I1=w*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "total_loss=scw+ocw\n", + "fl_output=w*pf\n", + "efficiency=fl_output/(fl_output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"% resistance=\",r,\"%\"\n", + "print \"% reactance=\",x,\"%\"\n", + "print \"% efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"%regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "% resistance= 0.849779616989 %\n", + "% reactance= 6.00073499035 %\n", + "% efficiency= 98.0392156863 %\n", + "%regulation= -2.92061730062 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.10, Page Number:1220" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "secondary_rating=v2/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "primary_i=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "voltsamps=v1*5/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i2=voltsamps/secondary_rating\n", + "output=pf*voltsamps/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Each coil current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Total output=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Each coil current= 125.0 A\n", + "Total output= 25.4034118443 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 116 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.12, Page Number:1224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=40#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kVA_per_transformer=load/2*1.15\n", + "delta_delta_rating=kVA_per_transformer*3\n", + "increase=(delta_delta_rating-load)*100/load\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase=\",increase,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase= 72.5 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 126 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.13, Page Number:1224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=20#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#v\n", + "v2=230#V\n", + "load=40#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kva_load=load/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "percent_rated=kva_load*100/w\n", + "kvarating_vv=2*w*0.866\n", + "vv_delta=kvarating_vv*100/60\n", + "percentage_increase=kva_load/(load/3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)kVA load of each transformer=\",kva_load,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"ii)per cent of rated load carried by each transformer=\",percent_rated,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)total kVA rating of the V-V bank\",kvarating_vv,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)ratio of the v-v bank to delta-delta bank\",vv_delta,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)percent increase in load=\",percentage_increase*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)kVA load of each transformer= 23.0940107676 kVA\n", + "ii)per cent of rated load carried by each transformer= 115.470053838 %\n", + "iii)total kVA rating of the V-V bank 34.64 kVA\n", + "iv)ratio of the v-v bank to delta-delta bank 57.7333333333 %\n", + "v)percent increase in load= 177.646236674 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 130 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.14, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=150.0#kW\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(pf*math.sqrt(3)*1000)\n", + "ip=il/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=v1/v\n", + "ip=ip*ratio\n", + "I=il\n", + "Ip=I*ratio\n", + "pf=86.6/100*pf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"delta-delta:current in the windings=\",ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"v-v:current in the windings=\",Ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Power factor\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "delta-delta:current in the windings= 28.8683602771 A\n", + "v-v:current in the windings= 50.0014667312 A\n", + "Power factor 0.749956\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 133 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.15, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3000#kW\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "I=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*1000*pf)\n", + "transformer_pf=86.6/100*pf\n", + "additional_load=72.5/100*load\n", + "total_load=additional_load+load\n", + "il=total_load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*1000*pf)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Il=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"phase current=\",il/math.sqrt(3),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Il= 339.521323075 A\n", + "phase current= 196.022727273 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 134 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.16, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=400#kVA\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kVA_each=(load/2)/pf\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "p1=kVA_each*math.cos(math.radians(30-phi))\n", + "p2=kVA_each*math.cos(math.radians(30+phi))\n", + "p=p1+p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kVA supplied by each transformer=\",kVA_each,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"kW supplied by each transformer=\",p,\"kW\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kVA supplied by each transformer= 230.946882217 kVA\n", + "kW supplied by each transformer= 399.995027715 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 136 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.17, Page Number:1228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "load=33.0#kVA\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vl=0.866*v2\n", + "ilp=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2)\n", + "ils=ilp/(440/v2)\n", + "main_kva=v2*ilp*0.001\n", + "teaser_kva=0.866*main_kva\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage rating of each coil=\",vl\n", + "print \"current rating of each coil=\",ils\n", + "print \"main kVA=\",main_kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"teaser kVA=\",teaser_kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage rating of each coil= 2857.8\n", + "current rating of each coil= 43.3012701892\n", + "main kVA= 19.0525588833 kVA\n", + "teaser kVA= 16.4995159929 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 139 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.18, Page Number:1231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "output=150.0#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio=v2/v\n", + "i2=output*1000/(2*v2)\n", + "i1=i2*ratio\n", + "primary_volts=(math.sqrt(3)*v)/2\n", + "ratio=v2/primary_volts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"turns ratio\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 170.454545455 A\n", + "turns ratio 0.524863881081\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.19, Page Number:1231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=100.0#V\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "p=400.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v/v2\n", + "i2=p*1000/(pf*v)\n", + "ip=1.15*K*i2\n", + "I2m=K*i2\n", + "i2=ip/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(I2m**2+i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#reslult\n", + "print \"Current=\",i1m,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 174.77684841 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.20, Page Number:1232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "w1=300#kW\n", + "w2=450#kW\n", + "v1=100#V\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "v2=3300#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v/v2\n", + "i2t=(w2*1000)/(100*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "I2m=(K*w1*1000)/(100*pf)\n", + "i2=i1t/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(I2m**2+i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current=\",i1m,\"A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 169.804606659 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.21, Page Number:1233" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=80.0#V\n", + "v2=11000.0#V\n", + "w1=500.0#kW\n", + "w2=800.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v1/v2\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "i2t=w1*1000/v1\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=K*w2*1000/v1\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(i2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "\n", + "print \"unity pf\"\n", + "print \"one 3 phase line carries\",i1t,\"A whereas the other 2 carry\",ip,\"A each\"\n", + "#0.5 pf\n", + "i2t=w1*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=K*w2*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(i2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "print \"0.5 pf\"\n", + "print \"one 3 phase line carries\",i1t,\"A whereas the other 2 carry\",ip,\"A each\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "unity pf\n", + "one 3 phase line carries 52.2727272727 A whereas the other 2 carry 77.281082436 A each\n", + "0.5 pf\n", + "one 3 phase line carries 104.545454545 A whereas the other 2 carry 154.562164872 A each\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 171 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.22, Page Number:1234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=50#V\n", + "v2=4.6*1000#V\n", + "load=350#kW\n", + "w=200#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "K=v1/v2\n", + "i2t=w*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=load*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "Ki2m=K*i2m\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(Ki2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current in line A=\",i1t\n", + "print \"current in line B=\",i1m\n", + "print \"current in line C=\",i1m" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current in line A= 62.5\n", + "current in line B= 100.11107076\n", + "current in line C= 100.11107076\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 173 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.23, Page Number:1234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=231#V\n", + "v2=6600#v\n", + "volt_induced=8#v\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "hv=v2/volt_induced\n", + "vl=v*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "n_lv1=vl/volt_induced\n", + "n_lv2=math.sqrt(3)*n_lv1/2\n", + "n=2*n_lv2/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"neutral point is located on the\",math.ceil(n),\"th turn from A downwards\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "neutral point is located on the 29.0 th turn from A downwards\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 176 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.24, Page Number:1235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "area=300.0#cm2\n", + "flux=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n1=v/(4.44*f*flux*area*0.0001*0.9)\n", + "K=v2/v\n", + "n2=n1*K\n", + "n_lv=math.sqrt(3)*n2/2\n", + "turns=n_lv*2/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"NUmber of turns in AN=\",math.floor(turns)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " NUmber of turns in AN= 35.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 183 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.25, Page Number:1235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "load=30.0#kVA\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2)\n", + "vl=0.866*v2\n", + "kva=il*vl*(0.001)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage=\",vl,\"V\"\n", + "print \"kVA rating\",kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage= 216.5 V\n", + "kVA rating 14.9995599935 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 185 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.26, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#vaiable declaration\n", + "load=500#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,6)\n", + "zb=complex(2,5)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load*complex(math.cos(phi),math.sin(phi))\n", + "z1=za/zb\n", + "z2=zb/za\n", + "sa=s/(1+z1)\n", + "sb=s/(1+z2)\n", + "pfa=cmath.phase(sa)\n", + "pfb=cmath.phase(sb)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",abs(sa)\n", + "print \"sb=\",abs(sb)\n", + "print \"cos phi_a=\",pfa\n", + "print \"cos phi_b=\",pfb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= 230.042839552\n", + "sb= 270.171613479\n", + "cos phi_a= 0.611765735265\n", + "cos phi_b= 0.670521557981\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.27, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=2000#kVA\n", + "w1=4000#kVA\n", + "w2=5000#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,8)\n", + "zb=complex(1.6,3)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "za_per=(w1/w)*za\n", + "zb_per=zb\n", + "z=za_per+zb_per\n", + "s=complex(w1,w-w2)\n", + "sb=s*(za/z)\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (2284.2287695-1821.49046794j)\n", + "sb= (1715.7712305-1178.50953206j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 211 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.28, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1400#kVA\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "w1=1000#kVA\n", + "w2=500#kVA\n", + "v1=6600\n", + "v2=400\n", + "za=complex(0.001,0.003)\n", + "zb=complex(0.0028,0.005)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(w1/w2)*zb\n", + "z=za/(za+zb)\n", + "x=math.cos(-phi)\n", + "y=math.sin(-phi)*1j\n", + "s=load*(x+y)\n", + "sb=s*z\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (929.911014012-588.664867724j)\n", + "sb= (282.488985988-111.396729565j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 240 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.29, Page Number:1238" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=750#kVA\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "w1=500#kVA\n", + "w2=250#kVA\n", + "v1=3300\n", + "v2=400\n", + "za=complex(2,3)\n", + "zb=complex(1.5,4)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(w1/w2)*zb\n", + "z=za/(za+zb)\n", + "x=math.cos(-phi)\n", + "y=math.sin(-phi)*1j\n", + "s=load*(x+y)\n", + "sb=s*z\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "per_r=za.real*(sa.real)/w1\n", + "per_x=(za.imag)*(sa.imag)/w1\n", + "total_per=per_r+per_x\n", + "vl=v2-(total_per*4)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (399.511103547-348.770523615j)\n", + "sb= (130.738896453-181.639636072j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 242 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.30, Page Number:1240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=100/5\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "i1=3.5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=i1*ratio\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Line current=\",il,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line current= 70.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.31, Page Number:1240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i1=2000#A\n", + "i2=2500#A\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio1=i1/i\n", + "ratio2=i2/i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio in first case=\",ratio1\n", + "print \"ratio in second case=\",ratio2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio in first case= 400\n", + "ratio in second case= 500\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 216 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter34_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter34_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d05f1eeb --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter34_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,3065 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:0f43ef5b4c05930620c5e3871d199970ead64e15a20629e8e926abd11e2e9167" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 34:Induction Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.1, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=290.0#rpm\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "Ns=300.0#rpm(considered)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "P=120*f/Ns\n", + "s=(Ns-n)/Ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no. of poles=\",P\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no. of poles= 20.0\n", + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.2, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "slot=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "P=2*n\n", + "slots_total=slot*P*n\n", + "Ns=120*f/P\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"No. of stator poles=\",P\n", + "print \"Total number of slots=\",slots_total\n", + "print \"Speed=\",Ns,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " No. of stator poles= 6\n", + "Total number of slots= 54\n", + "Speed= 1000 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.3, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "slip1=0.04\n", + "slip2=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "N=Ns*(1-slip1)\n", + "f1=slip2*f*60\n", + "#at standstill s=1\n", + "f2=1*f\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"speed at which magnetic field of the stator is rotating=\",Ns,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04=\",N\n", + "print \"frequency of rotor current=\",f1,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"frequency of the rotor current at standstill=\",f2,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which magnetic field of the stator is rotating= 1500 rpm\n", + "speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04= 1440.0\n", + "frequency of rotor current= 90.0 rpm\n", + "frequency of the rotor current at standstill= 50 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.4, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3.0\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slip=0.04\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "N=Ns*(1-slip)\n", + "s=(Ns-n)/Ns\n", + "f1=s*f\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the synchronous speed=\",Ns,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the rotor speed=\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the rotor frequency when n=600 rpm=\",f1,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the synchronous speed= 1500.0 rpm\n", + "the rotor speed= 1440.0 rpm\n", + "the rotor frequency when n=600 rpm= 30.0 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.5, Page Number:1256" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=12\n", + "n=3\n", + "N=500#rpm\n", + "p2=8\n", + "slip=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "f=p*N/120\n", + "Ns=120*f/p2\n", + "N=Ns-slip*Ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load speed of the motor=\",N,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load speed of the motor= 727.5 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.6, Page Number:1258" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "e=80#V\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=4#ohm\n", + "rheo=3#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "E=e/(3)**0.5\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i=E/z\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "R=rheo+r\n", + "z2=(R**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=E/z2\n", + "\n", + "pf2=R/z2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip rings are short circuited:\"\n", + "print \"current/phase\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"slip rings are onnected to a star-connected rheostat of 3 ohm\",\n", + "print \"current/phase\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip rings are short circuited:\n", + "current/phase 11.2022406722 A\n", + "pf= 0.242535625036\n", + "slip rings are onnected to a star-connected rheostat of 3 ohm current/phase 8.16496580928 A\n", + "pf= 0.707106781187\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.7, Page Number:1258" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ratio=6.5\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "x=0.25#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=v*k/(3**0.5)\n", + "R=x-r\n", + "r2=x\n", + "z=(x**2+r2**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=e2/z\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.2 ohm\n", + "starting current= 100.491886883 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.8, Page Number:1259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=1100#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "ratio=3.8\n", + "r=0.012#ohm\n", + "x=0.25#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=v/ratio\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i=e/z\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "xr=s*x\n", + "zr=(r**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "er=s*e\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "pf2=r/zr\n", + "i2=100*ratio\n", + "z2=e/i2\n", + "r2=(z2**2-x**2)**0.5\n", + "R=r2-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current with slip rings shorted=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf with slip rings shorted=\",pf\n", + "print \"current with slip=4% and slip rings shorted=\",i2\n", + "print \"pf withslip=4% and slip rings shorted=\",pf2\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current with slip rings shorted= 1156.56314266 A\n", + "pf with slip rings shorted= 0.0479447993684\n", + "current with slip=4% and slip rings shorted= 380.0\n", + "pf withslip=4% and slip rings shorted= 0.768221279597\n", + "external resistance= 0.70758173952 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.9, Page Number:1259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=15#kW\n", + "v=3000#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "ratio=3.6\n", + "r=0.13#ohm\n", + "l=3.61*0.001#H\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=v/3**0.5\n", + "x2=2*3.14*l*f\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "r2_=0.1/k**2\n", + "x2_=ratio**2*x2\n", + "is1=v/((r**2+x2_**2)**0.5)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "ts=(3*3/(2*3.14*f))*((v**2)*r2_)/(r2_**2+x2_**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting current=\",is1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ts=\",ts,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting current= 117.896733436 A\n", + "ts= 512.375725888 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.10, Page Number:1261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "zs=complex(0.4,4)\n", + "zr=complex(6,2)\n", + "v=80#V\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e2=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=e2/abs(zr+zs)\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "xr=s*zs.imag\n", + "ir=er/abs(complex(zs.real,xr))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor current at standstill=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"rotor current when slip-rings are short-circuited=\",ir,\"A\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor current at standstill= 5.26498126493 A\n", + "rotor current when slip-rings are short-circuited= 3.31800758166 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.11, Page Number:1261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "e=120#V\n", + "r2=0.3#ohm\n", + "x2=1.5#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e2=e/3**0.5\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "xr=s*x2\n", + "zr=(r2**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "i=er/zr\n", + "s=r2/x2\n", + "xr=s*x2\n", + "zr=(xr**2+r2**2)**0.5\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor when running short-circuited=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s\n", + "print \"current when torque is maximum=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor when running short-circuited= 9.05821627316 A\n", + "slip= 0.2\n", + "current when torque is maximum= 32.6598632371 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 54 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.12, Page Number:1264" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "tb=150.0#kg-m\n", + "n=660.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "t=tb*(2/((sb/s)+s/sb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"kg-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 90.0 kg-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.13(a), Page Number:1266" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variablde declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "vd=0.90\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio_s=(1/vd)**2\n", + "ratio_i=ratio_s*vd\n", + "cu_loss_increase=ratio_i**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase in motor copper losses=\",cu_loss_increase" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase in motor copper losses= 1.23456790123\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.13(b), Page Number:1264" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p1=15.0#kW\n", + "n=980.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.93\n", + "vd=0.10\n", + "fd=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v2=(1-vd)*v\n", + "f2=(1-fd)*f\n", + "n1=120*f/p\n", + "n2=120*f2/p\n", + "s1=(n1-n)/n1\n", + "ratio_f=s1*(v*(1-vd)/v)**2*f2/f\n", + "n2=n2*(1-ratio_f)\n", + "p2=p1*n2/n1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the new operating speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the new output power=\",p2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the new operating speed= 935.3795 rpm\n", + "the new output power= 14.0306925 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(a), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=3\n", + "v1=400#V\n", + "v2=200#V\n", + "r=0.06#ohm\n", + "x=0.3#ohm\n", + "a=1\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r=x-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "additional resistance= 0.24 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(b), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=8\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "r=0.001#ohm\n", + "x=0.005#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "n2=(1-s)*ns\n", + "ratio=2*s**2*a/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of the maximum to full-load torque=\",ratio*1000,\"10^-3\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of the maximum to full-load torque= 3.9603960396 10^-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(c), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=12\n", + "v=600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.03#ohm\n", + "x=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=495#rpm\n", + "s=0.01\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "n=Ns*(1-a)\n", + "ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of max torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of max torque= 470.0 rpm\n", + "ratio of torques= 0.324324324324\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.15, Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=746.0#kW\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=16\n", + "zr=complex(0.02,0.15)\n", + "n=360.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "a=zr.real/zr.imag\n", + "ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "N=ns*(1-a)\n", + "R=zr.imag-zr.real\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",ratio\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of torques= 0.550458715596\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 325.0 rpm\n", + "rotor resistance= 0.13 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.16, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "a=Symbol('a')\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.025#ohm\n", + "x=0.12#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.0/4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=r/x\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "a=solve(ratio-(2*a/(1+a**2)),a)\n", + "r=a[0]*x-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at maximum torque= 1187.5 rpm\n", + "additional resistance= 0.0291699475574164 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.17, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "r=0.01#ohm\n", + "x=0.1#ohm\n", + "p=8\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "t_ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=(1-a)*ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",1/t_ratio\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of torques= 1.45\n", + "speed= 675.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.18, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "a=Symbol('a')\n", + "a2=Symbol('a2')\n", + "p=3\n", + "t_ratio=2.5\n", + "t_ratio2=1.5\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t_ratio3=t_ratio2/t_ratio\n", + "a=solve(t_ratio3-(2*a/(1+a**2)),a)\n", + "a2=solve(a2**2-0.15*a2+0.0009,a2)\n", + "r_red=(a[0]-a2[1])/a[0]\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction in rotor circuit resistance=\",r_red*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction in rotor circuit resistance= 56.8784093726987 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.19, Page Number:1269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.08#ohm\n", + "n=650.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "a=1\n", + "r=a*x2-r\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"extra resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "extra resistance= 0.52 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.20, Page Number:1269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R=Symbol('R')\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "t=162.8#N-m\n", + "n=1365.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "R=solve(1.0/(4*x2)-((r+R)/((r+R)**2+x2**2)),R)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",round(R[0],1),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 0.4 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.21, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=7.46#kW\n", + "t_ratios=1.60\n", + "t_ratiom=2.0\n", + "\n", + "#calcualtion\n", + "t_ratio=t_ratios/t_ratiom\n", + "#0.8a2-2*a+0.8 a=0.04\n", + "#0.5=2*a*sf/a2+sf2 sf=0.01\n", + "a=0.04\n", + "sf=0.01\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns-sf*ns\n", + "N=ns-a*ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full-load speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",N,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load speed= 1485.0 rpm\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 1440.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.22, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "x=0.85#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.8\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=k*(v/3**0.5)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tf=(3/(2*3.14*f/3))*(s*e2*e2*r/(r**2+(s*x)**2))\n", + "s=r/x\n", + "tmax=(3/(2*3.14*f/3))*(s*e2*e2*r/(r**2+(s*x)**2))\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"developed torque=\",tf,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "developed torque= 52.4097855621 N-m\n", + "maximum torque= 99.9125764956 N-m\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 858.823529412 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.23, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.015#ohm\n", + "x=0.09#ohm\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=100#rpm considered\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "n2=n/2\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "ratio=((s2/s)*(r**2+(s*x)**2)/(r**2+(s2*x)**2))**0.5\n", + "per=1-1/ratio\n", + "phi=math.atan(s2*x/r)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction=\",per*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction= 22.8528060715 %\n", + "pf= 0.307902262948\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.26, Page Number:1272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "t=100#N-m\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e2=v/2\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns-n\n", + "n2=n+ns/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator supply voltage=\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"new speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator supply voltage= 220 V\n", + "new speed= 1050 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.24, Page Number:1274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable delclaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=8.0\n", + "n=1140.0#rpm\n", + "e=440.0#V\n", + "e2=550.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s1=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "s2=s1*(e/e2)**2\n", + "n2=ns*(1-s2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1053.6 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.25, Page Number:1274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=450.0#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=8.0\n", + "n=873.0#rpm\n", + "t=23.0#degrees\n", + "n2=864.0#rpm\n", + "alpha=1.0/234.0#per degrees centrigrade\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s1=(900-n)/900\n", + "s2=(900-n2)/900\n", + "ratio=s2/s1-1\n", + "t2=(s2/s1-1)/alpha+23 \n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase in rotor resistance=\",ratio*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"approx temperature=\",t2,\"degrees centigrade\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase in rotor resistance= 33.3333333333 %\n", + "approx temperature= 101.0 degrees centigrade\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.27, Page Number:1283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=500.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "load=80.0#kW\n", + "alt=100.0\n", + "ns=120.0*f/60.0\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s=alt/(60.0*f)\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "cu_loss=(1.0/3.0)*load*1000/3.0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*1000,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss/10000,\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n", + "rotor speed= 996.666666667 rpm\n", + "rotor copper loss= 0.888888888889 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.28, Page Number:1283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "n=1425.0#rpm\n", + "z=complex(0.4,4)\n", + "ratio=0.8\n", + "loss=500.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=75/ns\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "tf=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real*s)/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)\n", + "ir=s*ratio*e1/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "cu_loss=3*ir**2*z.real\n", + "pm=2*3.4*(n/60)*tf\n", + "pout=pm-loss\n", + "s=z.real/z.imag\n", + "tmax=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real*s)/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)\n", + "nmax=ns-s*ns\n", + "i=ratio*e1/abs(z)\n", + "tst=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real)/(z.real**2+(z.imag)**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \" full load torque=\",tf,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"rotor current=\",ir,\"A\"\n", + "print \"cu_loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power output=\",pout,\"W\"\n", + "print \"max torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at max torque=\",nmax,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " full load torque= 78.9197452229 N-m\n", + "rotor current= 22.7215022978 A\n", + "cu_loss= 619.52 W\n", + "power output= 12245.5388535 W\n", + "max torque= 98.6496815287 N-m\n", + "speed at max torque= 1350.0 rpm\n", + "starting current= 50.5546790867 A\n", + "starting torque= 19.5345904017 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.30, Page Number:1286" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60#kW\n", + "loss=1#kW\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p2=load-loss\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "rotor_loss=cu_loss*1000/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"mechanical power developed=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",rotor_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mechanical power developed= 57.23 kW\n", + "rotor copper loss= 590.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.31, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "load=20#KW\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "i=60#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "fr=s*f\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "cu_loss=s*load*1000\n", + "r2=cu_loss/(3*i**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency of rotor current=\",fr,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"rotor resistance=\",r2,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency of rotor current= 1.5 Hz\n", + "rotor copper loss= 600.0 W\n", + "rotor resistance= 0.0555555555556 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 54 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.32, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=3.73#KW\n", + "n=960#rpm\n", + "loss=280#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "input_r=load*1000*ns/n\n", + "input_s=input_r+loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator input=\",input_s,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator input= 4165.41666667 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.33, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "p2=75.0#KW\n", + "alt=100.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f1=alt/60\n", + "s=f1/f\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "cu_loss_r_per_phase=s*p2/3\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss per phase=\",cu_loss_r_per_phase,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechancal power=\",pm,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n", + "rotor speed= 966.666666667 rpm\n", + "rotor copper loss per phase= 0.833333333333 kW\n", + "mechancal power= 72.5 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 57 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.34, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "n=975.0#rpm\n", + "p1=40.0#KW\n", + "loss_s=1.0#kW\n", + "loss=2.0#KW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "p2=p1-loss_s\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "pout=pm-loss\n", + "efficiency=pout/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"shaft power=\",pout,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 2.5 %\n", + "rotor copper loss= 0.975 kW\n", + "shaft power= 36.025 kW\n", + "efficiency= 90.0625 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.35, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=100#KW\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "s=0.018\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "cu_loss=2440#W\n", + "iron_loss=3500#W\n", + "rotational_loss=1200#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=output+rotational_loss/1000\n", + "cu_loss_r=(s/(1-s))*pm\n", + "p2=pm+cu_loss_r\n", + "input_s=p2+cu_loss/1000+iron_loss/1000\n", + "il=input_s*1000/(3**0.5*v*pf)\n", + "efficiency=output/input_s\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss_r,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor copper loss= 1.85132382892 kW\n", + "line current= 22.1989272175 A\n", + "efficiency= 92.7202341611 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.36, Page Number:1288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "p2=100.0#W\n", + "c=120.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=c/(f*60)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2/3\n", + "n2=ns-n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"speed of stator field with respect to rotor=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 4.0 %\n", + "rotor speed= 960.0 rpm\n", + "mechanical power= 96.0 kW\n", + "copper loss= 1.33333333333 kW\n", + "speed of stator field with respect to rotor= 40.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.37, Page Number:1288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.9\n", + "output=37#kW\n", + "ratio=1.0/3.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output*1000\n", + "x=total_loss/(3+0.5)\n", + "input_r=output*1000+x/2+x\n", + "s=x/input_r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.0303030303 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 74 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.38, Page Number:1289" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "load=45#KW\n", + "i=75#A\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "iron_loss=1200#kW\n", + "loss=900#kW\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*i)\n", + "r=r*3/2\n", + "cu_loss=3*(i/3**0.5)**2*r\n", + "cu_loss_r=s*42788\n", + "pm=42788-cu_loss_r\n", + "output_s=pm-loss\n", + "efficiency=output_s/(load*1000)\n", + "t=(output_s*60)/(2*3.14*970)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_loss_r,\"W\"\n", + "print \"p out=\",output_s,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf= 0.866025403784\n", + "rotor cu loss= 1283.64 W\n", + "p out= 40604.36 W\n", + "efficiency= 90.2319111111 %\n", + "torque= 399.937881673 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 78 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.39(a), Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.75\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=s*e2/z\n", + "pcr=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=pcr*(1-s)/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "n=ns*(1-sm)\n", + "e3=sm*e2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load torque=\",tg/9.81,\"kg-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor emf at max torque=\",e3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load torque= 4.26478644041 kg-m\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 1333.33333333 rpm\n", + "rotor emf at max torque= 8.06457518868 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 88 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.39(b), Page Number:1290" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.86\n", + "loss=0.05\n", + "cu_r=0.04\n", + "m_loss=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=3**0.5*v*i*pf\n", + "loss_s=loss*input_m\n", + "input_r=input_m-loss_s\n", + "cu_lossr=cu_r*input_r\n", + "mec_loss=m_loss*input_r\n", + "output_shaft=input_r-cu_lossr-mec_loss\n", + "s=cu_lossr/input_r\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "wr=2*3.14*n/60\n", + "output_r=input_r-cu_lossr\n", + "tr=output_r/wr\n", + "tin=output_shaft/wr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed in the rotor=\",tr,\"Nw-m\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tin,\"Nw-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 4.0 %\n", + "rotor speed= 1440.0 rpm\n", + "torque developed in the rotor= 36.0531340072 Nw-m\n", + "shaft torque= 34.9264735695 Nw-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 91 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.40, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "p=40.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.5\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/z\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "output=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "er=sm*e2\n", + "zr=(r**2+(x*sm)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "input_r=cu_loss/sm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross output at 5% slip=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",input_r,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross output at 5% slip= 6242.77652849 W\n", + "maximum torque= 8780.04535147 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.41, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pout=18.65#kW\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=0.025\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pw=loss*pout*1000\n", + "pm=pout*1000+pw\n", + "cu_loss=s*pm/(1-s)\n", + "p2=cu_loss/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tsh=9.55*pout*1000/n\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"rotor input=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"gross electromagnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor cu loss= 796.510416667 W\n", + "rotor input= 19912.7604167 W\n", + "shaft torque= 123.685763889 N-m\n", + "gross electromagnetic torque= 126.777907986 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.42, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "n=710#rpm\n", + "load=35#kW\n", + "loss=1200#W\n", + "loss_r=600#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "p2=load*1000-loss\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "pout=pm-loss_r\n", + "tsh=9.55*pout/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"gross torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"net torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power output=\",pout,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor copper loss= 1.80266666667 kW\n", + "gross torque= 430.386666667 N-m\n", + "mechanical power= 31997.3333333 W\n", + "net torque= 422.316244131 N-m\n", + "mechanical power output= 31397.3333333 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 113 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.43, Page Number:1292" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "tsh=149.3#N-m\n", + "loss=200#W\n", + "cu_loss=1620#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "pout=tsh*2*3.14*(n/60)\n", + "output=pout+loss\n", + "p2=output*ns/n\n", + "cu_lossr=p2-output\n", + "p1=p2+cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=pout*100/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output power=\",pout/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_lossr,\"W\"\n", + "print \"the efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output power= 15.001664 kW\n", + "rotor cu loss= 633.402666667 W\n", + "the efficiency= 85.9444669361 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 116 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.44, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pout=18.65#kW\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "n=960#rpm\n", + "i2=35#A\n", + "loss=1#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pm=pout+loss\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "cu_lossr=pm*s*1000/(1-s)\n", + "r2=cu_lossr/(3*i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistane per phase=\",r2,\"ohm/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistane per phase= 0.222789115646 ohm/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 120 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.45, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "sf=Symbol('sf')\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.01#ohm\n", + "x=0.1#ohm\n", + "ratio=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=e1/ratio\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tmax=(3/(2*3.14*25))*(e2**2/(2*x))\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "sf=solve(0.5*(a**2+sf**2)-2*a*sf,sf)\n", + "n=ns*(1-sf[0])\n", + "tf=tmax/2\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*tf/60\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"full load slip=\",sf[0]\n", + "print \"power output=\",output,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum torque= 318.47133758 N-m\n", + "full load slip= 0.0267949192431123\n", + "power output= 24330.1270189222 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.46, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "k=0.67\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=e1*k\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=s*e2/z\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "er=sm*e2\n", + "zr=(r**2+(sm*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_lossr=3*i2**2*r\n", + "output=cu_lossr*(1-sm)/sm\n", + "n=(1-sm)*ns\n", + "tmax=9.55*output/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at max torque=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 40.4815391879 N-m\n", + "maximum torque= 63.511037037 N-m\n", + "speed at max torque= 1333.33333333 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.47, Page Number:1293" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.015#ohm\n", + "x=0.09#ohm\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "p=4\n", + "e2=110#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "xr=s*x\n", + "zr=(r**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "pf2=r/zr\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf of motor at start=\",pf\n", + "print \"pf of motor at s=4%\",pf2\n", + "print \"full load torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf of motor at start= 0.164398987305\n", + "pf of motor at s=4% 0.972387301981\n", + "full load torque= 582.728189612 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 144 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.48, Page Number:1294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "tsh=162.84#N-m\n", + "c=90.0\n", + "t=20.36#N-m\n", + "loss=830.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "fr=c/60\n", + "s=fr/f\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*tsh/60\n", + "tg=tsh+t\n", + "p2=tg*ns/9.55\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "p1=p2+cu_lossr\n", + "efficiency=output*100/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor output=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"cu loss=\",cu_lossr,\"W\"\n", + "print \"motor input\",p1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor output= 16532.6024 W\n", + "cu loss= 575.497382199 W\n", + "motor input 19758.7434555 W\n", + "efficiency= 83.6723369441 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 146 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.49, Page Number:1294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "v=420.0#V\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "z=complex(0.25,0.75)\n", + "zr=complex(0.173,0.52)\n", + "v1=420.0#V\n", + "v2=350.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=zr.real+k**2*z.real\n", + "x02=zr.imag+k**2*z.imag\n", + "z02=((r+r02)**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=v2/(3**0.5*z02)\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*(r+zr.real)\n", + "p2=cu_loss*3\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tst=9.55*p2/(ns*9.81)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"kg-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 48.2909354778 kg-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.50, Page Number:1295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "load=37.3#ohm\n", + "v=280#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "i=200#A\n", + "pf=0.25\n", + "r=0.15#ohm\n", + "k=1.0/3\n", + "#calculation\n", + "wsc=2*v*i*pf\n", + "power_phase=v*i*pf\n", + "R=power_phase/i**2\n", + "r2_=R-r\n", + "r2=k**2*r2_\n", + "p2=3*i**2*r2_\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "t=9.55*p2/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance perphaseof therotor winding=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"startingtorque=\",t,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance perphaseof therotor winding= 0.0222222222222 ohm\n", + "startingtorque= 305.6 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.51, Page Number:1295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratios=1.6\n", + "ratiom=2.0\n", + "sf=0.01\n", + "sb=0.04\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=(ratios/sf)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip at full load=\",sf\n", + "print \"slip at maximum torque=\",sb\n", + "print \"rotor current=\",i" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip at full load= 0.01\n", + "slip at maximum torque= 0.04\n", + "rotor current= 12.6491106407\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 159 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.52, Page Number:1297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200#km/h\n", + "f=100#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "w=v*5.0/18/(2*f)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pole pitch=\",w*1000,\"mm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pole pitch= 277.777777778 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 162 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.53, Page Number:1297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "w=6#mm\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "p=6#kW\n", + "loss=1.2#kW\n", + "v=2.4#m/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vs=2*f*w/100\n", + "s=(vs-v)/vs\n", + "p2=p-loss\n", + "pcr=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-pcr\n", + "f=p2*1000/vs\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous speed=\",vs,\"m/s\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s\n", + "print \"cu loss=\",pcr,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"thrust=\",f/1000,\"kN\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous speed= 3 m/s\n", + "slip= 0.2\n", + "cu loss= 0.96 kW\n", + "mechanical power= 3.84 kW\n", + "thrust= 1.6 kN\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.54, Page Number:1304" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=0.12\n", + "r=0.08#ohm/phase\n", + "pg=9000.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl=r*(1/s-1)\n", + "v=(pg*rl/3)**0.5\n", + "il=v/rl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load resistance=\",rl,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"load voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"load current=\",il,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load resistance= 0.586666666667 ohm\n", + "load voltage= 41.9523539268 V\n", + "load current= 71.5096941934 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 166 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.55, Page Number:1305" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "r1=0.15#ohm\n", + "x1=0.45#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.12#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.45#ohm\n", + "xm=complex(0,28.5)#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl_=r2_*(1/s-1)\n", + "i2_=(v/3**0.5)/complex(r1+rl_,x1)\n", + "i0=(v/3**0.5)/xm\n", + "i1=i0+i2_\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator current= (74.5730253701-19.1783634605j) A\n", + "power factor= 0.968485280755\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 177 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.56, Page Number:1305" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "power=3.73#kW\n", + "r1=0.45#ohm\n", + "x1=0.8#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.4#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.8#ohm\n", + "b0=-1.0/30\n", + "loss=50#W\n", + "lossr=150#W\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zab=complex(30*complex(r2_/s,x2_))/complex(r2_/s,x2_-1/b0)\n", + "z01=complex(r1,x1)+zab\n", + "vph=v/3**0.5\n", + "i1=v1/z01\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=3*i1.real**2*zab.real\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "power_o=pm-lossr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i1.real**2*r1\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss+cu_lossr+lossr\n", + "efficiency=power_o/(power_o+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"input current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"air gap power=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"electro magnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output power=\",power_o,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "input current= (21.9914486234+42.6194245913j) A\n", + "pf= 0.45854949826\n", + "air gap power= 5173.46132109 W\n", + "mechanical power= 4966.52286825 W\n", + "electro magnetic torque= 32.9377037443 N-m\n", + "output power= 4816.52286825 W\n", + "efficiency= 81.9644851937 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 184 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.57, Page Number:1306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "r1=0.1#ohm\n", + "x1=0.4#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.15#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.44#ohm\n", + "loss=1250#W\n", + "lossr=1000#W\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "pf=0.09\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "i2_=v1/complex(r1+r2_/s,x1+x2_)\n", + "i1=i2_+complex(1.78,19.9)\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=3*i2_.real**2*r2_/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tg=9.55*p2/ns\n", + "pm=p2*(1-s)\n", + "pout=pm-1000\n", + "cu_losss=3*i1.real**2*r1\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_losss+cu_lossr+lossr\n", + "efficiency=pout/(pout+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"electromagnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output=\",pout,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= (50.2750367599+11.9125821807j) A\n", + "pf= 0.973057118792\n", + "electromagnetic torque= 224.593900377 N-m\n", + "output= 33218.2329894 W\n", + "efficiency= 89.0932246577 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 186 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.58, Page Number:1306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "z=complex(0.06,0.2)\n", + "zr=complex(0.06,0.22)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r01=z.real+zr.real\n", + "x01=z.imag+zr.imag\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "s=z.real/(z.real+z01)\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "pmax=3*v1**2/(2*(r01+z01))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum gross power=\",pmax,\"W\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum gross power= 143676.459572 W\n", + "slip= 0.120771344025\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 188 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.59, Page Number:1307" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=115#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "z=complex(0.07,0.3)\n", + "zr=complex(0.08,0.3)\n", + "gd=0.022#mho\n", + "bo=0.158#mho\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "rl_=1/bo*(1/s-1)\n", + "z=complex(z.real+zr.real+rl_,0.6)\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i2=complex(16,-2.36)\n", + "io=v*complex(gd,-bo)\n", + "i1=io+i2\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "pg=3*abs(i2)**2*rl_/100\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "tg=9.55*pg/n\n", + "p2=3**0.5*v1*abs(i1)*pf\n", + "efficiency=pg*100/p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"power output=\",pg,\"W\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"input=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary current= (16-2.36j) A\n", + "primary current= (17.460696181-12.8504543912j) A\n", + "pf= 0.805393212665\n", + "power output= 2433.59058228 W\n", + "torque= 19.7625765823 N-m\n", + "input= 3477.92348593 W\n", + "efficiency= 69.9725164204 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.60, Page Number:1308" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "z=complex(0.4,1)\n", + "zr=complex(0.6,1)\n", + "zm=complex(10,50)\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sm=zr.real/(z.real**2+(z.imag+zr.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "i2=v1/((z.real+zr.real)**2+(zr.imag+z.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "tgmax=3*i2**2*z.real*60/(sm*2*3.14*1500)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tgmax,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum torque= 277.144160399 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 208 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter35_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter35_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1c89c3bd --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter35_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1220 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:87ef53401e46d15eef2e50d8ed392f8c9e3784abe371e55cb0923dbffffe7b33" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 35: Computations and Circle Diagrams" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.1, Page Number:1316" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "p=450#W\n", + "v=110#V\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "loss=135#w\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=3*i**2*r\n", + "core_loss=p-loss-cu_loss\n", + "volt=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "g=core_loss/(3*(v/math.sqrt(3))**2)\n", + "y=i*math.sqrt(3)/v\n", + "b=math.sqrt(y**2-g**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"exciting conductance=\",g,\"seimens/phase\"\n", + "print \"susceptance/phase=\",b,\"seimens/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "exciting conductance= 0.0247933884298 seimens/phase\n", + "susceptance/phase= 0.155494939853 seimens/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.2, Page Number:1317" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=110.0#V\n", + "i=25.0#A\n", + "v2=30.0#V\n", + "inpt=440.0#W\n", + "loss=40.0#W\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.6\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=v2/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z01=vs/i\n", + "losses=inpt-loss\n", + "r01=losses/(3*i**2)\n", + "x01=math.sqrt(z01**2-r01**2)\n", + "dc_r=r/2.0\n", + "ac_r=dc_r*ratio\n", + "effective_r=r01-ac_r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"x01=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r1=\",ac_r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2=\",effective_r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "x01= 0.659157711696 ohm\n", + "r1= 0.08 ohm\n", + "r2= 0.133333333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.10, Page Number:1333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=1/4.0\n", + "slip=3.0\n", + "ratio2=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=math.sqrt(ratio/((ratio2**2)*0.01*slip))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Percentage Tapping=\",K*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Percentage Tapping= 72.1687836487 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.11, Page Number:1333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=14.92#kW\n", + "v1=400#V\n", + "n=950#rpm\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "ratio=1.8\n", + "i=30#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=v1/math.sqrt(ratio)\n", + "If=6*v*i/v1\n", + "K=v/v1\n", + "kisc=K**2*6*i\n", + "ts_tf=(1/6.0)*6**2*(f/1000.0)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"b)current=\",If,\"A\"\n", + "print \"c)line current=\",kisc,\"A\"\n", + "print \"d)percentage=\",ts_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)voltage= 298.142397 V\n", + "b)current= 134.16407865 A\n", + "c)line current= 100.0 A\n", + "d)percentage= 30.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.12, Page Number:1334" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=5.0\n", + "per=5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=math.sqrt(ratio/3)\n", + "tst_tf=(3.0/5)*5**2*0.01*per*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"auto-transformation ratio=\",tst_tf,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-transformation ratio= 75.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.13, Page Number:1334" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "per=3.5\n", + "v2=92.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=math.sqrt(2/(v/v2))\n", + "ts_tf=k**2*(v/v2)**2*0.01*per\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"auto-transformation ratio=\",ts_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-transformation ratio= 30.4347826087 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.14, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=12.0#kW\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "i=45.0#A\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=i*v/v2\n", + "if_=load*1000/(efficiency*math.sqrt(3)*pf*v)\n", + "ist=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=ist/if_\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio= 2.244\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.15, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=60.0#A\n", + "n1=940.0#rpm\n", + "t=150.0#N-m\n", + "i2=300.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sf=(1000-n1)/1000\n", + "tst=t*(i2/i)**2*sf\n", + "s_i=i2/3\n", + "sd_tst=tst/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Starting torque=\",tst,\"N-m\"\n", + "print\"when star/delta is used:\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",s_i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",sd_tst,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Starting torque= 225.0 N-m\n", + "when star/delta is used:\n", + "starting current= 100.0 A\n", + "starting torque= 75.0 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.16, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "tapping=70.7\n", + "ratio=6.0\n", + "slip=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tst_tf=(1.0/3.0)*ratio**2.0*slip*0.01\n", + "tst_tf2=(1.0/2)*ratio**2.0*slip*0.01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"star-delta switch:starting torque=\",tst_tf*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"auto-transformer switch:starting torque=\",tst_tf2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "star-delta switch:starting torque= 48.0 %\n", + "auto-transformer switch:starting torque= 72.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.17, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=11.2#W\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "n=960.0#rpm\n", + "i=86.4#A\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ist=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "il=load*1000/(efficiency*pf*math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "iph=il/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "tst_tf=(ist*math.sqrt(3)/il)**2*0.05\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting torque= 26.6369577796 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.18, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=10.0#kW\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(efficiency*math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "isc=i*v/v2\n", + "iscp=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ist=iscp/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=ist/il\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio= 1.23388000387\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.19, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.73*1000#W\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slip=4.5\n", + "t=250.0\n", + "i=650.0\n", + "tap=60.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=i/3\n", + "im=i/3\n", + "tst=t/3\n", + "ilm=(tap/100)**2*i\n", + "imk=(tap/100)*i\n", + "tstk=(tap/100)**2*t\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"star/delta:\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"%\"\n", + "print \"motor current=\",im,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst,\"%\"\n", + "print \"60% taps:\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",ilm,\"%\"\n", + "print \"motor current=\",imk,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tstk,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " star/delta:\n", + "line current= 216.666666667 %\n", + "motor current= 216.666666667 %\n", + "starting torque= 83.3333333333 %\n", + "60% taps:\n", + "line current= 234.0 %\n", + "motor current= 390.0 %\n", + "starting torque= 90.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.20, Page Number:1338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=180.0\n", + "flt=35.0\n", + "tap=75.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=load*3.0/100\n", + "isck=tap**2*isc/100\n", + "sf=flt*3\n", + "tst_tf=tap**2*sf/100\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting current=\",isck,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst_tf/100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting current= 303.75 %\n", + "starting torque= 59.0625 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.21, Page Number:1338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=7.46#kW\n", + "ic=1.7\n", + "t=35.0\n", + "ratio=60.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sf=t*3/100\n", + "il1=ic*3\n", + "tst=(ratio/1000)**2*sf*10000\n", + "il2=(ratio/100)*3*ic\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"auto-starter:\"\n", + "print \"line-current=\",il1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage decreased to 60%\"\n", + "print \"line-current\",il2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-starter:\n", + "line-current= 5.1 %\n", + "torque= 37.8 %\n", + "voltage decreased to 60%\n", + "line-current 3.06 %\n", + "torque= 37.8 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.22, Page Number:1342" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "slip=2.0\n", + "r=0.02#ohm\n", + "n=6.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "smax=r2=slip/100.0\n", + "R1=r2/smax\n", + "K=math.pow(smax,1.0/5)\n", + "R2=K*R1\n", + "R3=K*R2\n", + "R4=K*R3\n", + "R5=K*R4\n", + "p1=R1-R2\n", + "p2=R2-R3\n", + "p3=R3-R4\n", + "p4=R4-R5\n", + "p5=R5-r2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistances of various starter sections:\"\n", + "print \"p1=\",p1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p2=\",p2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p3=\",p3,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p4=\",p4,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p5=\",p5,\"ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistances of various starter sections:\n", + "p1= 0.542694948073 ohm\n", + "p2= 0.248177141409 ohm\n", + "p3= 0.113492660539 ohm\n", + "p4= 0.0519007670213 ohm\n", + "p5= 0.0237344829577 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.23, Page Number:1345" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "primary=complex(1,3)\n", + "outer=complex(3,1)\n", + "inner=complex(0.6,5)\n", + "s=4\n", + "outer2=complex(3/(s*0.01),1)\n", + "inner2=complex(0.6/(s*0.01),5)\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z01=primary+1/((1/outer)+(1/inner))\n", + "current_per_phase=v/abs(z01)\n", + "torque=3*current_per_phase**2*(z01.real-1)\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=1: torque=\",torque,\"synch watt\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=4\n", + "z01=primary+1/((1/outer2)+(1/inner2))\n", + "current_per_phase=v/abs(z01)\n", + "torque=3*current_per_phase**2*(z01.real-1)\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=4: torque=\",torque,\"synch watt\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1: torque= 35065.3642462 synch watt\n", + "s=4: torque= 32129.9449695 synch watt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.24, Page Number:1346" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inner=complex(0.4,2)\n", + "outer=complex(2,0.4)\n", + "s=5\n", + "inner2=complex(0.4/(s*0.01),2)\n", + "outer2=complex(2/(s*0.01),0.4)\n", + "print \n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "zi=abs(inner)\n", + "zo=abs(outer)\n", + "r_ratio=inner.imag/outer.imag\n", + "to_ti=r_ratio*(zo/zi)**2\n", + "print \"Ratio of torques when s=1:\",to_ti\n", + "\n", + "#s=5\n", + "zi=abs(inner2)\n", + "zo=abs(outer2)\n", + "print zi\n", + "r_ratio=inner2.imag/outer2.imag\n", + "to_ti=r_ratio*(zi/zo)**2\n", + "\n", + "print \"Ratio of torques when s=5:\",to_ti" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "Ratio of torques when s=1: 5.0\n", + "8.24621125124\n", + "Ratio of torques when s=5: 0.212478752125\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.25, Page Number:1346" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=5\n", + "zi=complex(0.05,0.4)\n", + "zo=complex(0.5,0.1)\n", + "v=100#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "r2=z.real\n", + "z=abs(z)\n", + "i2=v/z\n", + "t=i2**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=1:torque=\",t,\"synch watts\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=0.01\n", + "zi=complex(0.05/(s*0.01),0.4)\n", + "zo=complex(0.5/(s*0.01),0.1)\n", + "z=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "r2=z.real\n", + "z=abs(z)\n", + "i2=v/z\n", + "t=i2**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=5:torque=\",t,\"synch watts\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1:torque= 22307.6923077 synch watts\n", + "s=5:torque= 9620.58966517 synch watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.27, Page Number:1347" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "zo=complex(1,0)\n", + "zi=complex(0.15,3)\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "stator=complex(0.25,3.5)\n", + "z01=z2+stator\n", + "i=complex(v,0)/z01\n", + "i=abs(i)\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*z01.real\n", + "T=cu_loss*3/(2*math.pi*(n/60))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",T,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 135.560320318 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.28, Page Number:1348" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z1=complex(1,2.8)\n", + "zo=complex(3,1)\n", + "zi=complex(0.5,5)\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "z01=z1+z2\n", + "i2=v/z01\n", + "r2=z2.real\n", + "t=abs(i2)**2*r2\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=1:torque=\",t,\"synch. watt\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=0.04\n", + "zo=complex(3.0/s,1.0)\n", + "zi=complex(0.5/s,5.0)\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "z01=z1+z2\n", + "i2=v/z01\n", + "r2=z2.real\n", + "t=abs(i2)**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=4:torque=\",t,\"synch. watt\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1:torque= 12388.3258184 synch. watt\n", + "s=4:torque= 11489.1141244 synch. watt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.29, Page Number:1351" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.30#ohm\n", + "n1=1440.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1320.0#rpm\n", + "ns=120.0*f/4.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s1=(ns-n1)/ns\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "r=s2*r/s1-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.6 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.30, Page Number:1348" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "ratio=10.0\n", + "r=0.2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/6\n", + "s1=s\n", + "n1=ns*(1-s1)\n", + "n2=n1-10*n1/100\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "r=s2*r/s1-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.646666666667 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.31, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "n=(1-s)*nsc\n", + "nsa=120*f/6\n", + "sa=(nsa-n)/nsa\n", + "f_=sa*f\n", + "n_=(120*f_)/4\n", + "sb=(n_-n)/n_\n", + "f__=sb*f_\n", + "\n", + "#resu;t\n", + "print \"f_=\",f_,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"f_ _=\",f__,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "f_= 20.6 Hz\n", + "f_ _= 1.0 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.32, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "f2=1.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "s=f2/f\n", + "n=nsc-s*nsc\n", + "nsa=120*f/4\n", + "sa=(nsa-n)/nsa\n", + "f1=sa*f\n", + "n2=120*f1/6\n", + "sb=(n2-n)/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= 60.8 %\n", + "sb= 3.28947368421 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.33, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=74.6#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "output=load*4/10\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of set=\",nsc,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"electric power transferred=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of set= 600 rpm\n", + "electric power transferred= 29.84 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 79 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.34, Page Number:1355" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=25#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "output=load*4/10\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of set=\",nsc,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"electric power transferred=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of set= 600 rpm\n", + "electric power transferred= 10 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 78 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter36_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter36_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a28f10ba --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter36_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,393 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:a362cd0373fe77cde513a2a109a4d7c05a5dbd87d086b1227fbc532438b6bbb6" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 36: Single-Phase Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.1, Page Number:1374" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=1.86\n", + "X1=2.56\n", + "R2=3.56\n", + "X2=2.56\n", + "Xm=53.5\n", + "r1=R1/2\n", + "x1=X1/2\n", + "r2=R2/2\n", + "x2=X2/2\n", + "xm=Xm/2\n", + "v=110\n", + "f=60\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "xo=xm+x2\n", + "\n", + "zf=(((r2/s)*xm)/(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "jf=(((r2/s)*(r2/s)+(x2*xo))/(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "Jf=math.degrees(math.atan(jf/zf))\n", + "\n", + "zb=(((r2/(2-s))*xm)/(((r2/s)*(r2/(2-s)))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "jb=(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s))+(x2*xo))/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "Jb=math.degrees(math.atan(jb/zb))\n", + "\n", + "Z1=R1\n", + "J1=X1\n", + "z01=Z1+zf+zb\n", + "j01=jf+jb+J1\n", + "J01=math.degrees(math.atan(j01/z01))\n", + "\n", + "i1=v/z01\n", + "vf=i1*zf\n", + "vb=i1*zb\n", + "z3=math.sqrt(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(x2*x2))\n", + "z5=math.sqrt(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "\n", + "i3=vf/z3\n", + "i5=vb/z5\n", + "tf=(i3*i3*r2)/s\n", + "tb=t5=(i5*i5*r2)/(2-s)\n", + "t=tf-tb\n", + "output=t*(1-s)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output = \",output" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output = 206.798750547\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.2, Page Number:1375" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=185\n", + "v=110\n", + "f=50\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "R1=1.86\n", + "X1=2.56\n", + "Xo=53.5\n", + "R2=3.56\n", + "X2=2.56\n", + "Xm=53.5\n", + "cl=3.5#core loss\n", + "fl=13.5#friction loss\n", + "vf=(82.5/100)*v\n", + "ic=(cl*100)/vf\n", + "r1=R1/2\n", + "x1=X1/2\n", + "r2=R2/2\n", + "x2=X2/2\n", + "xm=Xm/2\n", + "rc=vf/ic\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "#motor 1\n", + "c=1/rc #conductance of corebranch\n", + "s=-(1/xm)#susceptance\n", + "a1=(r2/s)/(((r2/s)*r2/s)+(x2*x2))#admittance\n", + "a1j=-x2/(((r2/s)*r2/s)+(x2*x2))#admittance j\n", + "yf=c+a1\n", + "yfj=s+a1j\n", + "zf=(yf*yf)+(yfj*yfj)\n", + "zfr=yf/zf\n", + "zfj=yfj/zf\n", + "\n", + "#motor 2\n", + "a2=(r2/2-s)/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "a2j=-x2/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "Z1=R1\n", + "J1=X1\n", + "yb=yf+a2\n", + "ybj=yfj+a2j\n", + "zb1=(yb*yb)+(ybj*ybj)\n", + "zbr=yb/zb1\n", + "zbj=ybj/zb1\n", + "z01=Z1+zf+zbr\n", + "z01j=J1+zfj+zbj\n", + "\n", + "i1=v/z01\n", + "vf=i1*zf\n", + "vb=i1*zbr\n", + "z3=math.sqrt(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(x2*x2))\n", + "z5=math.sqrt(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "\n", + "i3=vf/z3\n", + "i5=vb/z5\n", + "tf=(i3*i3*r2)/s\n", + "tb=t5=(i5*i5*r2)/(2-s)\n", + "t=tf-tb\n", + "watt=t*(1-s)\n", + "net_output=watt-fl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Net output = \",net_output" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Net output = -446.423232085\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.3, Page Number:1376" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=250\n", + "v=230\n", + "f=50\n", + "zm=4.5\n", + "zmj=3.7\n", + "za=9.5\n", + "zaj=3.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zma=math.degrees(math.atan(zmj/zm))\n", + "ialeadv=90-zma\n", + "x=za*(math.tan(math.radians(ialeadv)))\n", + "xc=x+zaj\n", + "c=1000000/(xc*2*50*3.14)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"C= \",c,\" uf\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "C= 211.551875951 uf\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.4, Page Number:1393" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "p=250\n", + "f=50\n", + "v=220\n", + "ndc=2000\n", + "ia=1\n", + "ra=20\n", + "la=0.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ebdc=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "#ac\n", + "xa=2*3.14*f*la\n", + "ebac=-(ia*ra)+math.sqrt((v*v)-((ia*xa)*(ia*xa)))\n", + "nac=(ebac*ndc)/ebdc\n", + "cos_phi=(ebac+(ia*ra))/v\n", + "pmech=ebac*ia\n", + "T=(pmech*9.55)/nac\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Speed= \",nac,\" rpm\"\n", + "print \"Torque= \",T,\" N-m\"\n", + "print \"Power Factor= \",cos_phi,\" lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Speed= 1606.22922133 rpm\n", + "Torque= 0.955 N-m\n", + "Power Factor= 0.821013282424 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "Example Number 36.5, Page Number:1394" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=30\n", + "l=0.5\n", + "v=250\n", + "idc=0.8\n", + "ndc=2000\n", + "f=50\n", + "ia=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "xa=2*3.14*f*l\n", + "ra=r\n", + "ebac=-(ia*ra)+math.sqrt((v*v)-((ia*xa)*(ia*xa)))\n", + "ebdc=v-(r*idc)\n", + "nac=(ndc*ebac)/ebdc\n", + "cos_phi=(ebac+(ia*ra))/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Speed= \",nac,\" rpm\"\n", + "print \"Power Factor= \",cos_phi,\" lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Speed= 1700.52062383 rpm\n", + "Power Factor= 0.864635321971 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.6, Page Number:1396" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50\n", + "a=30\n", + "w=8\n", + "v=220\n", + "v2=205\n", + "pole=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "ns=(120*f)/pole\n", + "tsh=(9.55*w*1000)/ns\n", + "alpha=0.5*(math.degrees(math.asin((v*v*math.sin(math.radians(2*a)))/(v2*v2))))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Torque angle if voltage drops to 205 V = \",alpha,\" degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Torque angle if voltage drops to 205 V = 42.9327261097 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter37_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter37_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7e0be0a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter37_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2781 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:3f52bfdb4973d016ec59d44992f6a2ce15bb8cca394c854d00d33c6af91049f3" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 37: Alternators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.1, Page Number:1412" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "s1=36.0\n", + "p1=4.0\n", + "span1=8.0\n", + "s2=72.0\n", + "p2=6.0\n", + "span2=10.0\n", + "s3=96.0\n", + "p3=6.0\n", + "span3=12.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha1=2*p1*180/s1\n", + "alpha2=3*p2*180/s2\n", + "alpha3=5*p3*180/s3\n", + "kc1=math.cos(math.radians(alpha1/2))\n", + "kc2=math.cos(math.radians(alpha2/2))\n", + "kc3=math.cos(math.radians(alpha3/2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)kc=\",kc1\n", + "print \"b)kc=\",kc2\n", + "print \"c)kc=\",kc3" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)kc= 0.939692620786\n", + "b)kc= 0.923879532511\n", + "c)kc= 0.881921264348\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.2, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=36.0\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "beta=180/n\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"distribution factor=\",kd" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "distribution factor= 0.959795080524\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.3, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=10.0#V\n", + "beta=30.0#degrees\n", + "m=6.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "arith_sum=6*v\n", + "vector_sum=kd*arith_sum\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"emf of six coils in series=\",vector_sum,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf of six coils in series= 38.6370330516 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.4, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "ratio=2.0/3.0\n", + "m1=9\n", + "m2=6\n", + "m3=3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m1*math.radians(beta/2))/(m1*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd2=math.sin(m2*math.radians(beta/2))/(m2*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd3=math.sin(m3*math.radians(beta/2))/(m3*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i) kd=\",kd1\n", + "print \"ii)kd=\",kd2\n", + "print \"iii)kd=\",kd3" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i) kd= 0.639863387016\n", + "ii)kd= 0.831206922161\n", + "iii)kd= 0.959795080524\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.5, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "slot=18.0\n", + "s=16.0\n", + "m1=3.0\n", + "m2=5.0\n", + "m3=7.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "span=(s-1)\n", + "alpha=180*3/slot\n", + "kc1=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "kc3=math.cos(math.radians(m1*alpha/2))\n", + "kc5=math.cos(math.radians(m2*alpha/2))\n", + "kc7=math.cos(math.radians(m3*alpha/2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kc1=\",kc1\n", + "print \"kc3=\",kc3\n", + "print \"kc5=\",kc5\n", + "print \"kc7=\",kc7" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kc1= 0.965925826289\n", + "kc3= 0.707106781187\n", + "kc5= 0.258819045103\n", + "kc7= -0.258819045103\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.6, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=16.0\n", + "s=144.0\n", + "z=10.0\n", + "phi=0.03#Wb\n", + "n=375.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "t=s*z/(3*2)\n", + "eph=4.44*1*0.96*f*phi*t\n", + "el=3**0.5*eph\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"phase emf=\",eph,\"V\"\n", + "print \"line emf=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency= 50.0 Hz\n", + "phase emf= 1534.464 V\n", + "line emf= 2657.76961039 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.7, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "s=54\n", + "phi=0.1#Wb\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "t=8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "kc=math.cos(beta/2)\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "z=s*8/3\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "eph=4.44*0.98*0.96*f*phi*t\n", + "el=3**0.*eph\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"eph=\",eph,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "eph= 1804.529664 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.8, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=16.0\n", + "slots=144.0\n", + "z=4.0\n", + "n=375.0\n", + "airgap=5*0.01\n", + "theta=150.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "alpha=(180-theta)\n", + "kc=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "m=slots/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "s=slots/3\n", + "eph=4*kf*kc*kd*f*airgap*s*4/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf per phase=\",eph,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf per phase= 987.908016392 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.9, Page Number:1417" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=10\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "slots=180\n", + "s=15\n", + "d=1.2#m\n", + "l=0.4#m\n", + "m=6\n", + "beta=180/18\n", + "#calculations\n", + "area=(1.2*3.14/p)*l\n", + "phi1=area*0.637\n", + "vr=1.1*2*f*phi1\n", + "vp=2**0.5*vr\n", + "v3=0.4*vp\n", + "v5=0.2*vp\n", + "vf=6*vp*0.966\n", + "vf3=6*v3*0.707\n", + "vf5=6*v5*0.259\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd2=math.sin(math.radians(3*m*beta/2))/(6*math.sin(3*math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd3=math.sin(math.radians(5*m*beta/2))/(6*math.sin(5*math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "vph=vf*2**0.5*60*kd1\n", + "vph3=vf3*2**0.5*60*kd2\n", + "vph5=vf5*2**0.5*60*kd3\n", + "rmsv=(vph**2+vph3**2+vph5**2)**0.5\n", + "rmsvl=3**0.5*(vph**2+vph5**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)e=\",vp,\"sin theta+\",v3,\"sin 3theta+\",v5,\"sin 5theta\"\n", + "print \"ii)e=\",vf,\"sin theta+\",vf3,\"sin 3theta+\",vf5,\"sin 5theta\"\n", + "print \"iii)rms value of phase voltage=\",rmsv,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)e= 14.9354392872 sin theta+ 5.97417571489 sin 3theta+ 2.98708785745 sin 5theta\n", + "ii)e= 86.5658061088 sin theta+ 25.3424533826 sin 3theta+ 4.64193453047 sin 5theta\n", + "iii)rms value of phase voltage= 7158.83679423 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.10, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=60.0\n", + "z=4.0\n", + "s=3.0\n", + "theta=60.0\n", + "phi=0.943#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "m=slot/(p*s)\n", + "beta=slot/5\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "alpha=(s/15)*180\n", + "kc=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "z=slot*z/s\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "eph=z*kf*kc*kd*f*phi*t/2\n", + "el=3**0.5*eph*0.1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage= 13196.4478482 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.11, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=15.0\n", + "z=10.0\n", + "kd=0.95\n", + "e=1825#v\n", + "kc=1\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "#calculations\n", + "slots=p*slot\n", + "slotsp=slots/3\n", + "turnp=20*z/2\n", + "phi=e/(3**0.5*p*kc*kf*kd*f*turnp)\n", + "z=slots*z\n", + "n=120*f/p\n", + "eg=(phi*0.001*z*n)/slots\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf=\",eg*1000,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf= 749.405577006 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.12, Page Number:1419" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=360#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "i=3.6#A\n", + "f2=40#Hz\n", + "i2=2.4#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e2=v*i2*f2/(f*i)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e2=\",e2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e2= 160.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.13, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=2\n", + "z=4\n", + "theta=150#degrees\n", + "phi=0.12#Wb\n", + "per=20#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha=180-theta\n", + "slotp=6\n", + "m=2\n", + "beta=180/slotp\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "z=10*slot*z\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "e1=4.44*kd1*kd1*f*0.12*t\n", + "kc3=math.cos(3*math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "f2=f*3\n", + "phi3=(1.0/3)*per*0.12\n", + "e3=4.44*kd3*kd3*theta*0.008*40\n", + "e=(e1**2+e3**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e=\",e,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e= 994.25286629 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.14, Page Number:1419" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "per=10.0#%\n", + "per2=6.0#%\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#star connection\n", + "e5=per*v/100\n", + "e=(v**2+e5**2)**0.5\n", + "eph=3**0.5*e\n", + "\n", + "#delta\n", + "e3=10*v/100\n", + "f3=10*3\n", + "i=e3/f3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage for star=\",eph,\"V\"\n", + "print \"line voltage for delta=\",e3,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current=\",i,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage for star= 400.358589267 V\n", + "line voltage for delta= 23.0 V\n", + "current= 0.766666666667 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.15(a), Page Number:1420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=10.0\n", + "p1=24.0\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "p3=6.0\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n=120*f/p\n", + "f1=p1*n/120\n", + "n2=120*f1/6\n", + "n3=(1-s)*n2\n", + "f2=s*f1p\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f1,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n3,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency= 60.0 Hz\n", + "speed= 1140.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.15(b), Page Number:1420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "phi=0.12#Wb\n", + "slotsp=4\n", + "cp=4\n", + "theta=150#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "slots=slotsp*3*p\n", + "c=cp*slots\n", + "turns=32\n", + "kb=math.sin(math.radians(60/2))/(p*math.sin(math.radians(7.5)))\n", + "kp=math.cos(math.radians(15))\n", + "eph=4.44*50*0.12*kb*0.966*turns\n", + "el=eph*3**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage 1365.94840977 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.16, Page Number:1426" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#MW\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.66#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v*1000*pf)\n", + "iradrop=i*r\n", + "ixsdrop=i*x\n", + "vp=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+i*r)**2+(vp*sinphi+i*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*e0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"linevalue of emf=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "linevalue of emf= 11475.6408913 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.17(a), Page Number:1428" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=440.0#KVA\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "il=200.0#A\n", + "vf=1160.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zs=vf/200\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous impedence=\",zs,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"synchronous reactance=\",xs,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous impedence= 5.8 ohm\n", + "synchronous reactance= 5.77840808528 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.17(b), Page Number:1428" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60.0#kVA\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.016#ohm\n", + "x=0.07#ohm\n", + "pf=0.7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixl=i*x\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "e=((v+ira)**2+(ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "#pf of 0.7 lag\n", + "e2=((v*pf+ira)**2+(v*pf+ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "#pf of 0.7 lead\n", + "e3=((v*pf+ira)**2+(v*pf-ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=1\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=0.7 lag\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=0.7 lead\",e3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage with pf=1 225.174386048 V\n", + "voltage with pf=0.7 lag 234.604995966 V\n", + "voltage with pf=0.7 lead 208.03726621 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.18(a), Page Number:1429" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.25#ohm\n", + "x=3.2#ohm\n", + "xl=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1)\n", + "rd=i*r\n", + "ixl=i*xl\n", + "ea=((v+rd)**2+(ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*ea\n", + "e0=((v+rd)**2+(i*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "e0l=e0*3**0.5\n", + "per=(e0-v)/v\n", + "xa=x-xl\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"internal emf Ea=\",el,\"V\"\n", + "print \"no load emf=\",e0l,\"V\"\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",per*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"valueof synchronous reactance=\",xa,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "internal emf Ea= 471.842539659 V\n", + "no load emf= 592.991130967 V\n", + "percentage regulation= 34.7707115833 %\n", + "valueof synchronous reactance= 2.7 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 87 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.19, Page Number:1432" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=50.0#V\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "il=100.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vt=200.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zs=v/vt\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "ira=il*r\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vt*pf+ira)**2+(vt*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced voltage=\",e0,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced voltage= 222.090276316 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 90 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.20, Page Number:1433" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.71\n", + "i2=2.5#A\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "r=0.8#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "sinphi2=math.sin(math.acos(pf2))\n", + "zs=v2/i\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**.5\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "e01=((v+r*i)**2+(i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e01-v)*100/v\n", + "#at pf=0.8\n", + "e02=((v*pf+r*i)**2+(v*sinphi1-i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e02-v)*100/v\n", + "#at pf=0.71\n", + "e03=((v*pf2+r*i)**2+(v*sinphi2+i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg3=(e03-v)*100/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation unity pf=\",reg1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.71 lead pf=\",reg3,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.6\n", + "voltage regulation unity pf= 6.88779163216 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= -8.875640156 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.71 lead pf= 21.1141910671 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 100 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.21, Page Number:1433" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=3000.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.2\n", + "i1=40.0#A\n", + "i2=200.0#A\n", + "v2=1040.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v2/(3**0.5*i2)\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#at pf=0.8 lag\n", + "e01=((v1*pf+r*i)**2+(v1*sinphi1+i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e01-v1)*100/v1\n", + "#at pf=0.8 lead\n", + "e02=((v1*pf+r*i)**2+(v1*sinphi1-i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e02-v1)*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg2,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= 2.20611574348 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= -1.77945143824 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 112 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.22, Page Number:1434" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1600.0#kVA\n", + "v=13500.0#V\n", + "r=1.5#ohm\n", + "x=30.0#ohm\n", + "load1=1280.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "i=load1*1000/(3**0.5*v*pf)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi1-ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)*100/vp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage regulation= -11.9909032489 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.23, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "x=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "thetadel=math.atan((vp*sinphi+ixs)/(vp*pf+ira))\n", + "delta=math.degrees(thetadel)-math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"power angle=\",delta,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation= 48.0405877623 %\n", + "power angle= 18.9704078085 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 127 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.24, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=6000.0#KVA\n", + "v=6600.0#V\n", + "p=2.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "i2=125.0#A\n", + "v1=8000.0#V\n", + "i3=800.0#A\n", + "d=0.03\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v1/(3**0.5*i3)\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "rd=d*vp\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=rd\n", + "ra=ira/il\n", + "xs=(zs**2-ra**2)**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+il*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",reg*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage regulation= 62.2972136768 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 133 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.25, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "i=600#A\n", + "v2=900#V\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v2/(3**0.5*i)\n", + "rp=r/2\n", + "re=rp*1.5\n", + "xs=(zs**2-re**2)**0.5\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=il*rp\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp+ira)**2+(ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=1\",reg1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8\",reg2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation at pf=1 7.32796146323 %\n", + "regulation at pf=0.8 23.8398862235 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 134 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.26, Page Number:1436" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=Symbol('v')\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "load1=11#KV\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "x=5#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*load1*1000)\n", + "vt=load1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "e0=((vt*pf+ira)**2+(vt*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "v=solve(((pf*v+ira)**2+(sinphi*v-ixs)**2)**0.5-e0,v)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",v[1],\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 6978.31767618569 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.27, Page Number:1436" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1200#KVA\n", + "load1=3.3#KV\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.25#ohm\n", + "i=35#A\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "v=1.1#kV\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zs=v*1000/(3**0.5*i2)\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "v=load1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "ia=load*1000/(3**0.5*load1*1000)\n", + "e=v+ia*zs\n", + "change=(e-v)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"per unit change=\",change" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "per unit change= 0.349909254054\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 151 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.28, Page Number:1437" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v1=11#kV\n", + "load=3#MVA\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "v2=12370#V\n", + "vt=11000#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=0.4#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "E0=v1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "v=v2/3**0.5\n", + "pf=0\n", + "sinphi=1\n", + "xs=(v-(E0**2-(i*r)**2)**0.5)/i\n", + "il=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v1*1000)\n", + "ira=il*r\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "e0=((E0*pf+ira)**2+(E0*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-E0)*100/E0\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 19.6180576177 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 175 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.29, Page Number:1437" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vt=3500#v\n", + "load=2280#KW\n", + "v1=3300#V\n", + "r=8#ohm\n", + "x=6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vl=vt/3**0.5\n", + "vp=v1/3**0.5\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1*pf)\n", + "drop=vl-vp\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "x=vl/(z+drop/il)\n", + "vtp=vl-x*drop/il\n", + "vtpl=vtp*3**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",vtpl,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 3420.781893 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 176 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.30, Page Number:1441" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.5#MVA\n", + "v=4160#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "i=200#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "zs=4750/(3**0.5*il)\n", + "ra=0\n", + "ixs=il*zs\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vp*pf)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 0.91675794767 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 184 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.39, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "xd=0.7\n", + "xq=0.4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=1\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "ia=1\n", + "tandelta=ia*xq*pf/(v+xq*sinphi)\n", + "delta=math.atan(tandelta)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(math.radians(36.9)+delta)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+i_d*xd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"no load voltage=\",e0,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 14.4702941001 degrees\n", + "no load voltage= 1.51511515874 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 185 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.40, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "xd=0.6\n", + "xq=0.45\n", + "ra=0.015\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "ia=1\n", + "v=1\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tanpsi=(v*sinphi+ia*xq)/(v*pf+ia*ra)\n", + "psi=math.atan(tanpsi)\n", + "delta=psi-math.acos(pf)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(psi)\n", + "iq=ia*math.cos(psi)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+iq*ra+i_d*xd\n", + "regn=(e0-v)*100/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"open circuit voltage=\",e0,\"V\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "open circuit voltage= 1.44767600311 V\n", + "regulation= 44.7676003107 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 187 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.41, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=10#A\n", + "phi=math.radians(20)\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "xd=10#ohm\n", + "xq=6.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "tandelta=ia*xq*pf/(v+ia*xq*sinphi)\n", + "delta=math.atan(tandelta)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(phi+delta)\n", + "iq=ia*math.cos(phi+delta)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+i_d*xd\n", + "regn=(e0-v)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"id=\",i_d,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iq=\",iq,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 8.23131209115 degrees\n", + "id= 4.7303232581 A\n", + "iq= 8.81045071911 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 189 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.42, Page Number:1459" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "e1=220#V\n", + "f1=60#Hz\n", + "e2=222#V\n", + "f2=59#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "emax=(e1+e2)/2\n", + "emin=(e2-e1)/2\n", + "f=(f1-f2)\n", + "epeak=emax/0.707\n", + "pulse=(f1-f2)*60\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"max voltage=\",emax,\"V\"\n", + "print \"min voltage=\",emin,\"V\"\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"peak value of voltage=\",epeak,\"V\"\n", + "print \"number of maximum light pulsations/minute=\",pulse" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "max voltage= 221 V\n", + "min voltage= 1 V\n", + "frequency= 1 Hz\n", + "peak value of voltage= 312.588401697 V\n", + "number of maximum light pulsations/minute= 60\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.43, Page Number:1462" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "power=1500#kVA\n", + "v=6.6#kV\n", + "r=0.4#ohm\n", + "x=6#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=power*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "tanphialpha=(vp*math.sin(phi)+ixs)/(vp*pf+ira)\n", + "phialpha=math.atan(tanphialpha)\n", + "alpha=phialpha-phi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power angle=\",math.degrees(alpha)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power angle= 7.87684146241\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 198 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.44, Page Number:1464" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3000#KVA\n", + "p=6\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "v=3300#v\n", + "x=0.25\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ixs=x*vp\n", + "xs=x*vp/i\n", + "alpha=1*p/2\n", + "psy=3*3.14*vp**2/(60*xs*n)\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronizing power=\",psy,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tsy*1000,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronizing power= 628.0 kW\n", + "torque= 5997.4 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 202 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.45, Page Number:1465" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3#MVA\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "v1=3.3#kV\n", + "r=0.25\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000000/(3**0.5*v1*1000)\n", + "ixs=complex(0,r*vp)\n", + "xs=ixs/i\n", + "v=vp*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "e0=v+ixs\n", + "alpha=math.atan(e0.imag/e0.real)-math.acos(pf)\n", + "p=6/2\n", + "psy=abs(e0)*vp*math.cos(alpha)*math.sin(math.radians(3))/xs\n", + "tsy=9.55*3*psy*100/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power=\",-psy*3/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"toque=\",-tsy/100,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power= 722.236196153j kW\n", + "toque= 6897.35567326j N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 221 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.46, Page Number:1465" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=750#KVA\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "p=4\n", + "r=1#%\n", + "x=15#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000)\n", + "vph=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ira=r*vph/1000\n", + "ra=ira/i\n", + "xs=x*vph/(100*i)\n", + "zs=(ra**2+xs**2)**0.5\n", + "#no load\n", + "alpha=p/2\n", + "psy=math.radians(alpha)*vph**2/xs\n", + "#fl 0.8 pf\n", + "e=((vph*pf+i*ra)**2+(vph*math.sin(math.acos(pf)+i*xs))**2)**0.5\n", + "psy2=math.radians(alpha)*e*vph/xs\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Synchronous power at:\"\n", + "print \"no load=\",psy,\"W\"\n", + "print \"at pf of 0.8=\",psy2,\"w\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Synchronous power at:\n", + "no load= 58177.6417331 W\n", + "at pf of 0.8= 73621.2350169 w\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.47, Page Number:1466" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "p=8\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "v1=6000#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha=math.radians(4)\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1)\n", + "e0=((v*pf)**2+(v*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i*r)**2)**0.5\n", + "psy=alpha*e0*v*3/r\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power=\",psy,\"W\"\n", + "print \"synchronous torque=\",tsy,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power= 514916.500204 W\n", + "synchronous torque= 6556.60343593 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 226 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.48, Page Number:1467" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5000#KVA\n", + "v=10000#V\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=20#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=0.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "xs=r*vp/(1000*i)\n", + "p=120*f/n\n", + "alpha=math.radians(2)\n", + "#no load\n", + "psy=3*alpha*vp**2/(p*1000)\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy*1000/(n*2)\n", + "#pf=0.8\n", + "v2=vp*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ixs=complex(0,i*4)\n", + "e0=v+ixs\n", + "psy2=abs(e0)*vp*math.cos(math.radians(8.1))*math.sin(math.radians(2))*3/4\n", + "tsy2=9.55*psy2/(n*20)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power:\"\n", + "print \"atno load=\",psy,\"w\"\n", + "print \"at 0.8 pf=\",psy2,\"w\"\n", + "print \"torque:\"\n", + "print \"at no load=\",tsy,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8=\",tsy2,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power:\n", + "atno load= 872.664625997 w\n", + "at 0.8 pf= 1506057.44405 w\n", + "torque:\n", + "at no load= 2777.98239276 N-m\n", + "at pf=0.8= 479.428286357 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.49, Page Number:1468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=6.6#kW\n", + "load1=3000#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "xa=complex(0.5,10)\n", + "xb=complex(0.4,12)\n", + "i0=150#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=complex(load*1000/3**0.5,0)\n", + "cosphi1=1500*1000/(load*1000*i0*3**0.5)\n", + "phi1=math.acos(cosphi1)\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(phi1)\n", + "i=328*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "i1=i0*complex(cosphi1,-sinphi1)\n", + "i2=i-i1\n", + "coshi2=i2.real/181\n", + "ea=v+i1*xa\n", + "eal=3**0.5*abs(ea)\n", + "eb=v+i2*xb\n", + "ebl=3**0.5*abs(eb)\n", + "alpha1=(ea.imag/ea.real)\n", + "alpha2=(eb.imag/eb.real)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Ea=\",ea,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha1=\",math.degrees(alpha1),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"alpha2=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Ea= (4602.91884998+1275.81974829j) V\n", + "Eb= (5352.42648271+1524.56032028j) V\n", + "alpha1= 15.8810288383 degrees\n", + "alpha2= 16.3198639435 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 245 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.50, Page Number:1468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declration\n", + "e1=complex(230,0)\n", + "e2=230*complex(0.985,0.174)\n", + "z1=complex(0,2)\n", + "z2=complex(0,3)\n", + "z=6\n", + "i1=((e1-e2)*z+e1*z2)/(z*(z1+z2)+z1*z2)\n", + "i2=((e2-e1)*z+e2*z1)/(z*(z1+z2)+z1*z2)\n", + "i=i1+i2\n", + "v=i*z\n", + "p1=abs(v)*abs(i1)*math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=abs(v)*abs(i2)*math.cos(math.atan(i2.imag/i2.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power 1=\",p1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power 2=\",p2,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= (222.905384615-28.5730769231j) V\n", + "current (37.1508974359-4.76217948718j) A\n", + "power 1= 3210.60292765 W\n", + "power 2= 5138.29001053 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 249 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.51, Page Number:1471" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1500#kW\n", + "v=11#KV\n", + "pf=0.867\n", + "x=50#ohm\n", + "r=4#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000*pf)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "iwatt=il*pf\n", + "iwattless=il*sinphi\n", + "i1=il/2\n", + "i2=iwatt/2\n", + "iw1=(i**2-i1**2)**0.5\n", + "iw2=i2-iw1\n", + "ia=(i2**2+iw2**2)**0.5\n", + "vt=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ir=i*r\n", + "ix=x*i\n", + "cosphi=i2/i\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi))\n", + "e=((vt*cosphi+ir)**2+(vt*sinphi+ix)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*e\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"line voltage=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 43.4628778514 A\n", + "line voltage= 14304.0798593 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.52, Page Number:1472" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#MW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "output=6000#kW\n", + "pfa=0.92\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phia=math.acos(pfa)\n", + "tanphi=math.tan(phi)\n", + "tanphia=math.tan(phia)\n", + "loadkvar=load*1000*tanphi\n", + "akvar=output*tanphia\n", + "kwb=(load*1000-output)\n", + "kvarb=loadkvar-akvar\n", + "kvab=complex(kwb,kvarb)\n", + "pfb=math.cos(math.atan(kvab.imag/kvab.real))\n", + "kvarb=kwb*pfb\n", + "kvara=-loadkvar-kvarb\n", + "kvaa=complex(output,kvara)\n", + "pfa=math.cos(math.atan(kvaa.imag/kvaa.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new pfb=\",pfb\n", + "print \"new pfa=\",pfa" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new pfb= 0.628980253433\n", + "new pfa= 0.513894032194\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 253 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.54, Page Number:1473" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "load=1000#KVA\n", + "x=20#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=87.5\n", + "x=8.7\n", + "vp=3810\n", + "e0=4311\n", + "ir=70\n", + "ix=52.5\n", + "IX=762\n", + "vb1=(e0**2-vp**2)**0.5\n", + "i1x=vb1\n", + "i1=i1x/x\n", + "output=3**0.5*v*i1/1000\n", + "b2v=(vp**2+e0**2)**0.5\n", + "i2z=b2v\n", + "i2=b2v/x\n", + "i2rx=e0\n", + "i2r=i2rx/x\n", + "i2x=vp/x\n", + "tanphi2=i2x/i2r\n", + "phi2=math.atan(tanphi2)\n", + "cosphi2=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "output1=3**0.5*v*i2*cosphi2/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output at unity pf=\",output,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"max power output=\",output1,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " power output at unity pf= 2650.38477722 kW\n", + "max power output= 5664.52285143 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 255 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.55, Page Number:1474" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=10.0#ohm\n", + "i=220.0#A\n", + "load=11.0#kV\n", + "per=25.0#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "oa1=load*1000/3**0.5\n", + "a1c1=i*x\n", + "e0=(oa1**2+a1c1**2)**0.5\n", + "emf=(1+per/100)*e0\n", + "a1a2=(emf**2-a1c1**2)**0.5-oa1\n", + "ix=a1a2/x\n", + "i1=(i**2+ix**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=i/i1\n", + "bv=(oa1**2+emf**2)**0.5\n", + "imax=bv/x\n", + "ir=emf/x\n", + "ix=oa1/x\n", + "pfmax=ir/imax\n", + "output=3**0.5*load*1000*imax*pfmax*0.001\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"max power output=\",output,\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new current= 281.573453399 A\n", + "new power factor= 0.781323655849\n", + "max power output= 16006.7954319 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 258 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.56, Page Number:1475" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#MVA\n", + "load1=35.0#MVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "output=25.0#MVA\n", + "cosphi1=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "loadmw=load1*pf\n", + "loadmvar=load1*0.6\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi))\n", + "mva1=25\n", + "mw1=mva1*cosphi1\n", + "mvar1=25*sinphi1\n", + "mw2=loadmw-mw1\n", + "mvar2=loadmvar-mvar1\n", + "mva2=(mw2**2+mvar2**2)**0.5\n", + "cosphi2=mw2/mva2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",mva2\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 10.4509862952\n", + "pf= 0.52626611926\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 260 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.57, Page Number:1475" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declarations\n", + "load=600#KW\n", + "loadm=707#kW\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "output=900#kW\n", + "pf1=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kva=1000\n", + "kvar=kva*(1-pf1**2)**0.5\n", + "active_p=1307-output\n", + "reactive_p=loadm-kvar\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"active power shared by second machine=\",active_p,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"reactive power shared by second machine=\",reactive_p,\"kVAR\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "active power shared by second machine= 407 kW\n", + "reactive power shared by second machine= 271.110105646 kVAR\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.58, Page Number:1476" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "l1=500#kW\n", + "l2=1000#kW\n", + "pf1=0.9\n", + "l3=800#kW\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "l4=500#kW\n", + "pf3=0.9\n", + "output=1500#kW\n", + "pf=0.95\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kw1=l1\n", + "kw2=l2\n", + "kw3=l3\n", + "kw4=500\n", + "kvar2=kw2*0.436/pf1\n", + "kvar3=kw3*0.6/pf2\n", + "kvar4=kw4*0.436/pf3\n", + "kvar=output/pf\n", + "kw=kw1+kw2+kw3+kw4-output\n", + "kvar=kvar2+kvar3+kvar4-kvar\n", + "cosphi=math.cos(math.atan(kvar/kw))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kW output=\",kw\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kW output= 1300\n", + "pf= 0.981685651341\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 264 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.59, Page Number:1476" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=complex(0.2,2)\n", + "ze=complex(3,4)\n", + "emf1=complex(2000,0)\n", + "emf2=complex(22000,100)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=complex(68.2,-102.5)\n", + "i2=complex(127,-196.4)\n", + "i=i1+i2\n", + "v=i*ze\n", + "pva1=v*i1\n", + "kw1=pva1.real*3\n", + "a11=math.atan(-i1.imag/i1.real)\n", + "a12=math.atan(-v.imag/v.real)\n", + "pf1=math.cos(a11-a12)\n", + "pva2=v*i2\n", + "kw2=pva2.real*3\n", + "a21=math.atan(-i2.imag/i2.real)\n", + "a22=math.atan(-v.imag/v.real)\n", + "pf2=math.cos(a21-a22)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kw output 1=\",kw1/1000\n", + "print \"pf 1=\",pf1\n", + "print \"kw output 2=\",kw2/1000\n", + "print \"pf 2=\",pf2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kw output 1= 328.79427\n", + "pf 1= 0.606839673468\n", + "kw output 2= 610.34892\n", + "pf 2= 0.596381892841\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 273 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.63, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5000#KVA\n", + "v=10000#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "ns=1500#rpm\n", + "j=1.5*10**4#khm2\n", + "ratio=5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t=0.0083*ns*(j/(load*ratio*f))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"natural time period of oscillation=\",round(t,3),\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "natural time period of oscillation= 1.364 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 275 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.64, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10000#KVA\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "xs=25#%\n", + "pf=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio=100/xs\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "j=(pf/(0.0083*ns))**2*load*ratio*f\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"moment of inertia=\",j/1000,\"x10^4 kg-m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "moment of inertia= 29.0317898098 x10^4 kg-m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 277 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.65, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#MVA\n", + "v=10.0#kV\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "ns=1500.0#rpm\n", + "j=2.0*10**5#kgm2\n", + "x=40.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=100.0/x\n", + "t=0.0083*ns*(j/(load*1000*ratio*f))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency of oscillation of the rotor=\",round(1/t,1),\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency of oscillation of the rotor= 0.2 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 283 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.66, Page Number:1483" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "z=complex(1,10)\n", + "emf=14#kV\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=emf*1000/3**0.5\n", + "v=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "costheta=z.real/abs(z)\n", + "pmax=e*v*3/(z.imag*1000)\n", + "pmax_per_phase=(v/abs(z))*(e-(v/abs(z)))*3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"max output =\",pmax_per_phase/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "max output = 14125.5529273 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 285 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.67, Page Number:1484" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=11#kVA\n", + "load1=10#MW\n", + "z=complex(0.8,8.0)\n", + "v=14#kV\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pmax=(load*1000/3**0.5)*(v*1000/3**0.5)*3/z.imag\n", + "imax=((v*1000/3**0.5)**2+(load*1000/3**0.5)**2)**0.5/z.imag\n", + "pf=(v/3**0.5)*1000/((v*1000/3**0.5)**2+(load*1000/3**0.5)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum output=\",pmax/1000000,\"MW\"\n", + "print \"current=\",imax,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum output= 19.25 MW\n", + "current= 1284.92866209 A\n", + "pf= 0.786318338822\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 289 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter38_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter38_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eb91f537 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter38_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1682 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:a6bbecd88376ba06b11df7bbad39447a579ab954844d7c4715263117b7255967" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 38: Synchronous Motor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.1, Page Number:1495" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=75#kW\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "loss=0.95\n", + "xs=2.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/4\n", + "pm=p*1000/loss\n", + "ia=pm/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vol_phase=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mechanical power= 78947.3684211 W\n", + "armature current= 129.489444346 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.2, Page Number:1498" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=20\n", + "vl=693#V\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "lag=0.5#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#lag=0.5\n", + "alpha=p*lag/2\n", + "eb=vp=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=complex(vp-eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha)),eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha)))\n", + "zs=complex(0,10)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "power_input=3*vp*abs(ia)*math.cos(math.radians(cmath.phase(ia)))\n", + "print \"displacement:0.5%\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",alpha,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"armature emf/phase=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"armature current/phase=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power drawn=\",power_input,\"W\"\n", + "print \"\"\n", + "\n", + "#lag=5\n", + "lag=5\n", + "alpha=p*lag/2\n", + "eb=vp=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=complex(vp-eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha)),eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha)))\n", + "zs=complex(0,10)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "power_input=3*vp*abs(ia)*math.cos(math.radians(cmath.phase(ia)))\n", + "\n", + "print \"displacement:5%\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",alpha,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"armature emf/phase=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"armature current/phase=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power drawn=\",power_input,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "displacement:0.5%\n", + "alpha= 5.0 degrees\n", + "armature emf/phase= 400.103736548 V\n", + "armature current/phase= (3.4871338335-0.152251551219j) A\n", + "power drawn= 4189.63221768 W\n", + "\n", + "displacement:5%\n", + "alpha= 50 degrees\n", + "armature emf/phase= 400.103736548 V\n", + "armature current/phase= (30.6497244054-14.2922012106j) A\n", + "power drawn= 40591.222447 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.3, Page Number:1499" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V/ph\n", + "i=32.0#A/ph\n", + "xs=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=math.sqrt(v**2+(i*xs)**2)\n", + "delta=math.atan((i*xs)/v)\n", + "power=3*v*i\n", + "power_other=3*(v*e/10)*math.sin(delta)*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"E=\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"delta=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "E= 512.249938995 V\n", + "delta= 38.6598082541 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.4, Page Number:1506" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=150#kW\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "xd=32#ohm\n", + "xq=20#ohm\n", + "alpha=16#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=2*vp\n", + "ex_power=eb*vp*math.sin(math.radians(alpha))/xd\n", + "rel_power=(vp**2*(xd-xq)*math.sin(math.radians(2*alpha)))/(2*xd*xq)\n", + "pm=3*(ex_power+rel_power)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 1121.29686485 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.6, Page Number:1506" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=11000#V\n", + "ia=60#A\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=30#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p2=math.sqrt(3)*v*ia*pf\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*3\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "z_drop=ia*zs\n", + "eb=math.sqrt((vp**2+z_drop**2-(2*vp*z_drop*math.cos(theta+phi))))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power supplied=\",p2/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm/1000,\"KW\"\n", + "print \"induced emf=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + " " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power supplied= 914.522826396 kW\n", + "mechanical power= 903.722826396 KW\n", + "induced emf= 13039.2734763 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.7, Page Number:1507" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "i=32#A\n", + "pf=1\n", + "xd=10#ohm\n", + "xq=6.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=math.sqrt(v**2+(i*xq)**2)+((xd-xq)*14.8)\n", + "delta=math.atan((i*xq)/v)\n", + "power=3*v*i\n", + "power_other=3*(v*e/10)*math.sin(delta)*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"E=\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"delta=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "E= 502.648089715 V\n", + "delta= 27.4744316263 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.8, Page Number:1508" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "r=0.8#ohm\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "ex_loss=800#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=output*1000+loss+ex_loss\n", + "ia=(v*pf-math.sqrt(v**2*pf**2-4*r*pm))/(2*r)\n", + "m_input=loss*ia*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/m_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"commercial efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "commercial efficiency= 82.1029269497 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.9, Page Number:1509" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "x=2.2#ohm\n", + "pf=0.5\n", + "il=200#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x//r)\n", + "v=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi+theta)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb,\"volt/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Eb= 1708.04482042 volt/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.10, Page Number:1509" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "vl=6600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "il=50#A\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=20#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#0.8 lagging\n", + "power_i=math.sqrt(3)*v*f*pf\n", + "v=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(x**2+r**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi-theta)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"0.8 lag: Eb=\",eb\n", + "\n", + "#0.8 leading\n", + "power_i=math.sqrt(3)*v*f*pf\n", + "v=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(x**2+r**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi+theta)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"0.8 leading:Eb=\",eb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.8 lag: Eb= 5651.1180113\n", + "0.8 leading:Eb= 7705.24623679\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.11, Page Number:1510" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=0.4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=100#V\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2)\n", + "#pf=0.8 lag\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2-(2*v*x*v*math.cos(math.radians(90)-phi)))\n", + "#pf=0.8 lead\n", + "eb3=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2-(2*v*x*v*math.cos(math.radians(90)+phi)))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf=1: Eb=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=0.8 lag:Eb=\",eb2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=0.8 lead:Eb=\",eb3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf=1: Eb= 107.703296143 V\n", + "pf=0.8 lag:Eb= 82.4621125124 V\n", + "pf=0.8 lead:Eb= 128.062484749 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.12, Page Number:1510" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaraion\n", + "load=1000#kVA\n", + "v=11000#V\n", + "r=3.5#ohm\n", + "x=40#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "ra=ia*r\n", + "xa=ia*x\n", + "za=math.sqrt(ra**2+xa**2)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb1=math.sqrt(vp**2+za**2-(2*vp*za*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "alpha1=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta)/eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#pf=0.8 lag\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(vp**2+xa**2-(2*vp*xa*math.cos(theta-phi)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha2=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta-phi)/eb2)\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb3=math.sqrt(vp**2+xa**2-(2*vp*xa*math.cos(theta+phi)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha3=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta+phi)/eb3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"at pf=1\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb1*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha1),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8 lagging\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8 leading\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb3,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha3),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "at pf=1\n", + "Eb= 11283.8105339 V\n", + "alpha= 18.7256601694 degrees\n", + "at pf=0.8 lagging\n", + "Eb= 8990.39249633 V\n", + "alpha= 10.0142654731 degrees\n", + "at pf=0.8 leading\n", + "Eb= 13283.8907748 V\n", + "alpha= 7.71356041367 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.14, Page Number:1513" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=complex(0.5,0.866)\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "output=6000#W\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*z.real\n", + "motor_intake=output+loss+cu_loss\n", + "phi=math.acos(motor_intake/(v*i))\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "zs=abs(z)*i\n", + "eb1=math.sqrt(v**2+zs**2-(2*v*zs*math.cos(math.radians(60)-phi)))\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(v**2+zs**2-(2*v*zs*math.cos(math.radians(60)+phi)))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"lag:eb=\",eb1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"lag:eb=\",eb2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "lag:eb= 154.286783862 V\n", + "lag:eb= 213.765547573 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 65 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.15, Page Number:1513" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "z=complex(0.4,6)\n", + "lag=3#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha=lag*8/2\n", + "er=math.sqrt(eb**2+eb**2-(2*eb*eb*(math.cos(math.radians(alpha)))))\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "phi=theta-(math.asin(eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha))/er))\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "total_input=3*eb*ia*pf\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*z.real\n", + "pm=total_input-cu_loss\n", + "pm_max=(eb*eb/zs)-(eb**2*z.real/(zs**2))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"power of the motor=\",pm/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"max power of motor=\",pm_max/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 44.1583059199 A\n", + "power factor= 0.99927231631\n", + "power of the motor= 165.803353329 kW\n", + "max power of motor= 250.446734776 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 72 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.16, Page Number:1514" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb=250#V\n", + "lead=150#degrees\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "x=2.5#times resistance\n", + "alpha=lead/3\n", + "#calculations\n", + "er=math.sqrt(v**2+eb**2-(2*v*eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha))))\n", + "theta=math.atan(x)\n", + "phi=math.radians(90)-theta\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"pf at which the motor is operating=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf at which the motor is operating= 0.928476690885\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 73 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.17, Page Number:1514" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "inpt=900#kW\n", + "e=8900#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "icos=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "bc=r*icos\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-bc**2)\n", + "oc=ac-vp\n", + "phi=math.atan(oc/bc)\n", + "i=icos/math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Line current=\",i,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line current= 149.188331836 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 82 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.18, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "x=20#ohm\n", + "inpt=1000#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "inpt2=1500#kW\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "va=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ia1=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "ia1zs=ia1*zs\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(va**2+ia1zs**2-(2*va*ia1zs*math.cos(math.radians(90)+phi)))\n", + "ia2cosphi2=inpt2*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "cosphi2=x*ia2cosphi2\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-cosphi2*2)\n", + "phi2=math.atan(ac/cosphi2)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "alpha2=math.atan(cosphi2/ac)\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"new power angle=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new power angle= 25.8661450552 degrees\n", + "new power factor= 0.436270181217\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.19, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=5472#W\n", + "x=10#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "va=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "iacosphi=inpt/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "iazs=iacosphi*zs\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(va**2-iazs**2)\n", + "oc=va-ac\n", + "bc=iazs\n", + "phi=math.atan(oc/iazs)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "ia=iacosphi/pf\n", + "alpha=math.atan(bc/ac)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(alpha),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 19.9987718079 degrees\n", + "power factor= 0.984809614116\n", + "armature current= 8.01997824686 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.20, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "import scipy\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "xs=2.2#ohm\n", + "inpt=800.0#kW\n", + "e=2500.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ep=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "i2=solve(((i1*xs+r*i2)**2+(vp+i1*r-xs*i2)**2)-ep**2,i2)\n", + "i=math.sqrt(i1**2+i2[0]**2)\n", + "pf=i1/i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line currrent=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line currrent= 241.492937915 A\n", + "power factor= 0.956301702525\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 152 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.21, Page Number:1516" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "inpt=7.46#kW\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "pf=0.75\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "ex_loss=650#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "power=inpt*1000+ex_loss\n", + "output=inpt*1000-cu_loss-loss\n", + "efficiency=output/power\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power=\",power,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 13.0516151762 A\n", + "power= 8110.0 W\n", + "efficiency= 82.6693343026 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 156 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.22, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "x=18#ohm\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "inpt=800#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "ip=ia/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "iazs=ip*zs\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+iazs**2-(2*v*iazs*(-1)*pf))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(iazs*math.sin(theta+phi)/eb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"excitation emf=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"rotor angle=\",math.degrees(alpha),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "excitation emf= 4972.19098879 V\n", + "rotor angle= 17.0098509277 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.23, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inpt=75#kW\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "r=0.04#ohm\n", + "x=0.4#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "efficiency=0.925\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "ia=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "iazs=ia*zs\n", + "phi=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)-phi\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "ns=120*50/40\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf=\",eb,\"eb\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf= 235.683320812 eb\n", + "mechanical power= 79437.5456538 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.24, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "zs=x=4#ohm\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "i2=60#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "iazs=i*zs\n", + "xs=math.sqrt(x**2-r**2)\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "iazs2=i2*zs\n", + "phi=theta-math.acos(vp**2-vp**2+iazs2**2/(2*vp*iazs2))\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "input_m=math.sqrt(3)*v*i2*pf\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ns=120*50/6\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross torque developed=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross torque developed= 310.739709828 N-m\n", + "new power factor= 0.912650996943\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 161 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.25, Page Number:1518" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=7.46#kW\n", + "xs=10#W/phase\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "il=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=il*xs\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+zs**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"minimum current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"inducedemf=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "minimum current= 12.6677441416 A\n", + "inducedemf= 263.401798584 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.26, Page Number:1518" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "inpt=37.5#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "zs=complex(0.2,1.6)\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt/efficiency\n", + "ia=input_m*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=ia*abs(zs)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(zs.imag/zs.real)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+er**2-(2*vp*er*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(math.sin(theta+phi)*er/eb)\n", + "pm=3*eb*vp*math.sin(alpha)/abs(zs)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"excitation emf=\",eb*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"total mechanical power developed=\",pm,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "excitation emf= 495.407915636 V\n", + "total mechanical power developed= 44844.4875189 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 206 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.27, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "import scipy\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600.0#V\n", + "xs=20.0#ohm\n", + "inpt=1000.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "inpt2=1500.0#kW\n", + "phi2=Symbol('phi2')\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)\n", + "er=ia*xs\n", + "zs=xs\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+er**2-(2*vp*er*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(inpt2*1000*zs/(3*eb*vp))\n", + "#vp/eb=cos(alpha+phi2)/cos(phi2)\n", + "#solving we get\n", + "phi2=math.radians(19.39)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new power factor= 0.943280616635\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 228 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.28, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "x=4#ohms/phase\n", + "r=0.5#ohms/phase\n", + "ia=60#A\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "loss=2#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=abs(complex(r,x))\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "iazs=ia*zs\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "pm_max=(eb*vp/zs)-(eb**2*r/zs**2)\n", + "pm=3*pm_max\n", + "output=pm-loss*1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum power output=\",output/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum power output= 51.3898913442 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.29, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=10#ohm\n", + "x=0.5#ohm\n", + "v=2000#V\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "eb=1600#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=x/z\n", + "pm_max=(eb*v/z)-(eb**2*pf/zs)\n", + "ns=120*f/6\n", + "tg_max=9.55*pm_max/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum total torque=\",tg_max,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum total torque= 5505.51976175 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 231 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.30, Page Number:1520" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variabke declaration\n", + "v=2000#V\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "x=3#ohm/phase\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=ia*x\n", + "sinphi=(eb**2-vp**2-zs**2)/(2*zs*vp)\n", + "phi=math.asin(sinphi)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "pi=math.sqrt(3)*v*ia*pf/1000\n", + "tg=9.55*pi*1000/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power input=\",pi,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power input= 669.029147347 kW\n", + "power factor= 0.965660395791\n", + "torque= 4259.48557144 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 234 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.31, Page Number:1520" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "r=2#ohm\n", + "x=18#ohm\n", + "e=3800#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha=theta\n", + "er=math.sqrt(vp**2+eb**2-(2*vp*eb*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "pm_max=((eb*vp/zs)-(eb**2*r/zs**2))*3\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "input_m=pm_max+cu_loss\n", + "pf=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v*ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum total mechanical power=\",pm_max,\"W\"\n", + "print \"current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum total mechanical power= 604356.888001 W\n", + "current= 151.417346198 A\n", + "pf= 0.857248980398\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 235 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.32, Page Number:1521" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=415#V\n", + "e=520#V\n", + "z=complex(0.5,4)\n", + "loss=1000#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "er=math.sqrt(v**2+e**2-(2*v*e*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "i=er/zs\n", + "il=math.sqrt(3)*i\n", + "pm_max=((e*v/zs)-(e**2*z.real/zs**2))*3\n", + "output=pm_max-loss\n", + "cu_loss=3*i**2*z.real\n", + "input_m=pm_max+cu_loss\n", + "pf=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*il*v)\n", + "efficiency=output/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output=\",output/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power output= 134.640174346 kW\n", + "line current= 268.015478962 A\n", + "power factor= 0.890508620247\n", + "efficiency= 78.4816159071 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 240 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.33, Page Number:1524" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=37.3#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "z=complex(0.2,1.6)\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "il=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*efficiency*pf)\n", + "izs=zs*il\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+izs**2-(2*vp*izs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "cu_loss=3*il**2*z.real\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced emf=\",eb*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"total mechanical power=\",pm/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced emf= 494.75258624 V\n", + "total mechanical power= 39.6138268735 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 243 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.34, Page Number:1525" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inpt=48#kW\n", + "v=693#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "ratio=0.3\n", + "x=2#W/phase\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "izs=zs*il\n", + "theta=math.atan(float(\"inf\"))\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+izs**2-(2*vp*izs*math.cos(theta-phi)))\n", + "i_cosphi=pf*il\n", + "bc=i_cosphi*x\n", + "eb=eb+(ratio*eb)\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-bc**2)\n", + "oc=ac-vp\n", + "phi2=math.atan(oc/bc)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "i2=i_cosphi/pf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 46.3871111945 A\n", + "pf= 0.862084919821\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.35, Page Number:1526" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60.0#kW\n", + "inpt=240.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "total_load=inpt+load\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "kVAR=total_load*math.tan(phi)\n", + "#factory load\n", + "phil=math.acos(pf)\n", + "kVAR=inpt*math.tan(phil)\n", + "kVA=inpt/pf\n", + "kVAR1=total_load*math.sin(phil)\n", + "lead_kVAR=kVAR1-kVAR\n", + "#synchronous motor\n", + "phim=math.atan(lead_kVAR/load)\n", + "motorpf=math.cos(phim)\n", + "motorkVA=math.sqrt(load**2+lead_kVAR**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"leading kVAR supplied by the motor=\",motorkVA\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "leading kVAR supplied by the motor= 60.0\n", + "pf= 0.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 253 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter39_4.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter39_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e889465f --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/chapter39_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:c262c33cbbcf1d1756b9358f8cf1d8ed92f53825858905e2598fd8e15870c7ca" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 39: Special Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.1, Page Number:1537" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable description\n", + "p=8.0 #number of poles\n", + "tp=5.0 #number of teeth for each pole\n", + "nr=50.0 #number of rotor teeth\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=p*tp #number of stator teeth\n", + "B=((nr-ns)*360)/(nr*ns) #stepping angle\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stepping angle is \",B,\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stepping angle is 1.8 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.2, Page Number:1537" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=2.5\n", + "rn=25\n", + "f=3600\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r=360/B\n", + "s=r*rn\n", + "n=(B*f)/360\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resolution =\",int(r),\"steps/revolution\"\n", + "print \" Number of steps required for the shaft to make 25 revolutions =\",int(s)\n", + "print \" Shaft speed\", int(n),\"rps\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Resolution = 144 steps/revolution\n", + "Number of steps required for the shaft to make 25 revolutions = 3600\n", + "Shaft speed 25 rps\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.3, Page Number:1544" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=15 #stepping angle\n", + "pn=3 #number of phases\n", + "nr=360/(pn*B) #number of rotor teeth\n", + "\n", + "#number of stator teeth\n", + "ns1=((360*nr)/(360-(nr*B))) #ns>nr\n", + "ns2=((360*nr)/(360+(nr*B))) #nr>ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"When ns>nr: ns= \",ns1\n", + "print \"When nr>ns: ns= \",ns2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "When ns>nr: ns= 12\n", + "When nr>ns: ns= 6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.4, Page Number:1545" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=1.8\n", + "pn=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "nr=360/(pn*B) #number of rotor teeth\n", + "ns=nr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of rotor teeth = \",int(nr)\n", + "print \"Number of statot teeth = \",int(ns)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of rotor teeth = 50.0\n", + "Number of statot teeth = 50.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.5, Page Number:1555" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "er=20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=40\n", + "e2=er*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n", + "e1=er*math.cos(math.radians(a-120))\n", + "e3=er*math.cos(math.radians(a+120))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a) For a=40 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e2s=\" ,e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e1s=\" ,e1,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e3s=\" ,e3,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=(-40)\n", + "e2=er*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n", + "e1=er*math.cos(math.radians(a-120))\n", + "e3=er*math.cos(math.radians(a+120))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"b) For a=-40 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e2s=\" ,e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e1s=\" ,e1,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e3s=\" ,e3,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=30\n", + "e12=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a-150))\n", + "e23=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a-30))\n", + "e31=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a+90))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"c) For a=30 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e12=\" ,e12,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e23=\" ,e23,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e31=\" ,e31,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a) For a=40 degrees\n", + " e2s= 15.3208888624 V\n", + " e1s= 3.47296355334 V\n", + " e3s= -18.7938524157 V\n", + "b) For a=-40 degrees\n", + " e2s= 15.3208888624 V\n", + " e1s= -18.7938524157 V\n", + " e3s= 3.47296355334 V\n", + "c) For a=30 degrees\n", + " e12= -17.3205080757 V\n", + " e23= 34.6410161514 V\n", + " e31= -17.3205080757 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example32_4.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example32_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..0c99fa16 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example32_4.png diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example33_4.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example33_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..3db6b46d --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example33_4.png diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter32example30_4.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter32example30_4.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..1e7a1724 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A_K_Theraja_B_L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter32example30_4.png diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap10_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap10_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f57bdbb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap10_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 10 : BJT LOW FREQUENCY MODELS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 10.1 Pg 187" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "gm=0.40 ohm\n", + "rbe=250.00 ohm\n", + "rbb = 250.0\n", + "gbc= 4.0 *10**-7\n", + "rce=32.89 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Ic=10#\n", + "Vce=10#\n", + "hie=500#\n", + "hoe=10**-5#\n", + "hfe=100#\n", + "hre=10**-4#\n", + "gm=Ic/25#\n", + "print \"gm=%0.2f\"%gm,'ohm'\n", + "rbe=hfe/gm#\n", + "print \"rbe=%0.2f\"%rbe,'ohm'\n", + "rbb=hie-rbe#\n", + "print \"rbb =\",rbb\n", + "gbc=hre/rbe#\n", + "print \"gbc=\",gbc*10**7,'*10**-7'\n", + "rce=-1/((hoe-(1+hfe)*gbc))\n", + "print \"rce=%0.2f\"%(rce*10**-3),'kohm'" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap11_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap11_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e56e99a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap11_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter -11 : BJT HIGH FREQUENCY MODELS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 11.1 Pg 204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Id=15.00 mA\n", + "Id=9.60 mA\n", + "Id=0.60 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Idss=15*10**-3\n", + "Vgso=-5\n", + "#Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))**2\n", + "Vgs=0\n", + "Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))**2\n", + "print \"Id=%0.2f\"%(Id*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Vgs1=-1\n", + "Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs1/Vgso))**2\n", + "print \"Id=%0.2f\"%(Id*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Vgs2=-4\n", + "Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs2/Vgso))**2\n", + "print \"Id=%0.2f\"%(Id*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ex 11.2 Pg 204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Id=6.75 mA\n", + "Id=3.00 mA\n", + "Id=0.75 mA\n", + "Id=0.00 mA\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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kSDMmEtdumFnenEiKNEMiWbVqy96GazfMLG9OJEUaLZFs3JgSRXHiWLNmc8Jw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\nmXWLE4mZmXWLE4mZmXXL/wf/WGS922XkNgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff224186490>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "from numpy import arange\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Vgs=arange(-5,-21,-5) ##Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))**2\n", + "Vgso=-20\n", + "Idss=12*10**-3\n", + "Id=[]\n", + "for x in Vgs:\n", + " Id.append(Idss*(1-(x/Vgso))**2)\n", + "for x in Id:\n", + " print \"Id=%0.2f\"%(x*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "y=arange(0,13,1)\n", + "x=arange(0,-21,-5)\n", + "plot(Vgs,Id)\n", + "xlabel(\"Gate-to-source voltage (VGS)\")\n", + "ylabel(\"Drain current ID(mA)\")\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 11.4 Pg 205" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Id=5.00 mA\n", + "gm=2500.00 microsec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Idss=20*10**-3\n", + "vp=-8\n", + "gmo=5000*10**-6\n", + "vgs=-4\n", + "#Id=Idss*(1-(Vgs/Vgso))**2\n", + "Id=Idss*(1-(vgs/vp))**2\n", + "print \"Id=%0.2f\"%(Id*10**3),'mA'\n", + "gm=gmo*(1-(vgs/vp))\n", + "print \"gm=%0.2f\"%(gm*10**6),'microsec'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 11.5 Pg 206" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "k=0.12 mA\n", + "Idon=1.11 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Idon=10*10**-3\n", + "vgs=-12\n", + "vgsth=-3\n", + "#Id=K*(vgs-vgsth)**2\n", + "#Idon=K*(vgs-vgsth)**2\n", + "k=Idon/((vgs-vgsth)**2)\n", + "print \"k=%0.2f\"%(k*10**3),'mA'\n", + "vgs1=-6\n", + "Idon=k*(vgs1-vgsth)**2\n", + "print \"Idon=%0.2f\"%(Idon*10**3),'mA'\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap12_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap12_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3a0afb22 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap12_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter -12 : THYRISTORS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 12.1 Pg 224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "SCR= 24.0 A**2s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "I=40#\n", + "t=15*10**-3#\n", + "SCR=(I**2)*t#\n", + "print \"SCR=\",SCR,'A**2s'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 12.2 Pg 224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "tmax= 7.5 ms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a=75.0\n", + "Is=100.0\n", + "tmax=a/Is**2#\n", + "print \"tmax=\",tmax*10**3,'ms'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 12.3 Pg 224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vp= 9.7 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VD=0.7#\n", + "n=0.75#\n", + "Vbb=12#\n", + "Vp=n*Vbb+VD#\n", + "print \"Vp=\",Vp,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 12.4 Pg 225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "n= 0.615384615385\n", + "Vp= 9.93076923077 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rb1=4*10**3#\n", + "rb2=2.5*10**3#\n", + "Vbb=15#\n", + "Vd=0.7#\n", + "n=rb1/(rb1+rb2)#\n", + "print \"n=\",n##intrinsic standoff ratio\n", + "Vp=n*Vbb+Vd#\n", + "print \"Vp=\",Vp,\"V\" #peak point voltage" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 12.5 Pg 225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "rb1=4.20 kohm\n", + "rb2=2.80 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "n=0.60#\n", + "rbb=7*10**3#\n", + "rb1=rbb*n#\n", + "print \"rb1=%0.2f\"%(rb1*10**-3),\"kohm\"\n", + "rb2=rbb-rb1#\n", + "print \"rb2=%0.2f\"%(rb2*10**-3),\"kohm\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap13_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap13_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7a012030 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap13_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 13 : PASSIVE CIRCUITS DEVICES" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 13.4 Pg 248" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Reqmin= 1.76538461538 ohm\n", + "Reqmax= 2.23235294118 ohm\n", + "Req= 2.0 ohm\n", + "t= 11.75 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R1min=2.7#\n", + "R2min=5.1#\n", + "Rmin=R1min+R2min#\n", + "R1max=3.3#\n", + "R2max=6.9#\n", + "Rmax=R1max+R2max#\n", + "a=9-Rmin#\n", + "b=Rmax-9#\n", + "tolerance=b/9#\n", + "Reqmin=(R1min*R2min)/(R1min+R2min)#\n", + "print \"Reqmin=\",Reqmin,'ohm'\n", + "Reqmax=(R1max*R2max)/(R1max+R2max)#\n", + "print \"Reqmax=\",Reqmax,'ohm'\n", + "R1N=3#\n", + "R2N=6#\n", + "Req=(R1N*R2N)/(R1N+R2N)#\n", + "print \"Req=\",Req,'ohm'\n", + "minval=Reqmin#\n", + "maxval=Reqmax#\n", + "maxchng=0.235#\n", + "t=(maxchng/2)*100#\n", + "print \"t=\",t,'%'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 13.5 Pg 248" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "L= 1.00091141943 H\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "N=150#\n", + "mur=3540#\n", + "mu0=4*pi*10**-7#\n", + "l=0.05#\n", + "A=5*10**-4#\n", + "L=(mur*mu0*A*N*N)/l#\n", + "print \"L=\",L,\"H\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 13.6 Pg 249" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "k= 0.199757665685\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g 13.6\n", + "L1=40*10**-6#\n", + "L2=80*10**-6#\n", + "M=11.3*10**-6#\n", + "k=M/sqrt(L1*L2)#\n", + "print \"k=\",k" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 13.7 Pg 250" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "R0= 10.471975512 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "Q=90#\n", + "L=15*10**-6#\n", + "f=10*10**6#\n", + "R0=(2*pi*f*L)/Q#\n", + "print \"R0=\",R0,'ohm'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 13.8 Pg 251" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "C= 88.5 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "A=0.04#\n", + "d=0.02#\n", + "e0=8.85*10**-12#\n", + "er=5.0#\n", + "C=(e0*er*A)/d# \n", + "print \"C=\",C*10**12,\"pF\"##answer printed in the book is wrong." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 13.9 Pg 252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "d= 4.96261682243 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "A=0.2#\n", + "C=0.428*10**-6#\n", + "e0=8.85*10**-12#\n", + "er=1200#\n", + "d=(e0*er*A)/C##ans printed in the book is wrong\n", + "print \"d=\",d*10**3,'mm'" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap16_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap16_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f6fdd499 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap16_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,538 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 16 : PN JUNCTION DIODE APPLICATIONS RECTIFIERS AND FILTERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.1 Pg 329" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "V2 = 23.0 V\n", + "Vm=32.53 V\n", + "Vdc=10.34 V\n", + "PIV=32.53 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "V1=230#\n", + "#a=(N2/N1)\n", + "b=(1/10)#\n", + "V2=V1*b#\n", + "print \"V2 =\",V2,\"V\"\n", + "Vm=sqrt(2)*V2#\n", + "print \"Vm=%0.2f\"%Vm,\"V\"\n", + "Vdc=0.318*Vm#\n", + "print 'Vdc=%0.2f'%Vdc,\"V\"\n", + "PIV=Vm#\n", + "print 'PIV=%0.2f'%PIV,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.2 Pg 329" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vm=33.94 V\n", + "Im=1.70 mA\n", + "Idc=0.54 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "RL=20*10**3#\n", + "V2=24#\n", + "Vm=sqrt(2)*V2#\n", + "print 'Vm=%0.2f'%Vm,\"V\"\n", + "Im=Vm/RL#\n", + "print 'Im=%0.2f'%(Im*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Idc= 0.318*Im#\n", + "print 'Idc=%0.2f'%(Idc*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.3 Pg 330" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "V2=115.00 V\n", + "Vm=162.63 V\n", + "Im=0.81 A\n", + "Pm=132.25 W\n", + "Vdc=51.72 V\n", + "Idc=0.26 A\n", + "Pdc=13.37 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "V1=230#\n", + "#a=(N2/N1)\n", + "b=(1/2)#\n", + "RL=200#\n", + "V2=V1*b#\n", + "print 'V2=%0.2f'%V2,\"V\"\n", + "Vm=sqrt(2)*V2#\n", + "print 'Vm=%0.2f'%Vm,\"V\"\n", + "Im=Vm/RL#\n", + "print 'Im=%0.2f'%Im,\"A\"\n", + "Pm=(Im**2)*RL#\n", + "print 'Pm=%0.2f'%Pm,\"W\"\n", + "Vdc=0.318*Vm#\n", + "print 'Vdc=%0.2f'%Vdc,\"V\"\n", + "Idc=(Vdc/RL)#\n", + "print 'Idc=%0.2f'%Idc,\"A\"\n", + "Pdc=(Idc**2)*RL#\n", + "print 'Pdc=%0.2f'%Pdc,\"W\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.4 Pg 331" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Idc=0.05 A\n", + "Im=0.16 A\n", + "Vin=98.17 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "Vdc=30#\n", + "RL=600#\n", + "Rf=25#\n", + "Idc=(Vdc/RL)#\n", + "print 'Idc=%0.2f'%Idc,\"A\"\n", + "Im=pi*Idc#\n", + "print 'Im=%0.2f'%Im,\"A\"\n", + "Vin=Im*(Rf+RL)#\n", + "print 'Vin=%0.2f'%Vin,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.5 Pg 332" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vdc=13.49 V\n", + "vdc=2.65 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "V2=30#\n", + "RL=5.1*10**3#\n", + "VS=V2/2#\n", + "Vm=sqrt(2)*VS#\n", + "Vdc=0.636*Vm#\n", + "print 'Vdc=%0.2f'%Vdc,\"V\"\n", + "vdc=Vdc/RL#\n", + "print 'vdc=%0.2f'%(vdc*1e3),\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.6 Pg 333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vdc=51.72 V\n", + "PIV=81.32 V\n", + "fout=100.00 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "V1=230#\n", + "fin=50#\n", + "#let a=N1/N2\n", + "a=1/4#\n", + "V2=V1*a#\n", + "Vm=sqrt(2)*V2#\n", + "Vdc=0.636*Vm#\n", + "print 'Vdc=%0.2f'%Vdc,\"V\"\n", + "PIV=Vm#\n", + "print 'PIV=%0.2f'%PIV,\"V\"\n", + "fout=2*fin#\n", + "print 'fout=%0.2f'%fout,\"Hz\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.7 Pg 334" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vdc=20.71 V\n", + "PIV=65.05 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "V1=230#\n", + "#LET a=N2/N1\n", + "a=1/5#\n", + "RL=100#\n", + "V2=V1*a#\n", + "Vs=V2/2#\n", + "Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs#\n", + "Vdc=2*Vm/pi#\n", + "print 'Vdc=%0.2f'%Vdc,\"V\"\n", + "PIV=2*Vm#\n", + "print 'PIV=%0.2f'%PIV,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.8 Pg 335" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Imax=560.00 mA\n", + "RL=505.08 ohm\n", + "Vdc=180.06 V\n", + "Idc=0.36 A\n", + "PIV=565.69 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "Vs=200#\n", + "Imax=700*10**-3#\n", + "Iavg=250*10**-3#\n", + "Imax=0.8*Imax#\n", + "print 'Imax=%0.2f'%(Imax*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Vm=sqrt(2)*Vs#\n", + "RL=Vm/Imax#\n", + "print 'RL=%0.2f'%RL,\"ohm\"\n", + "Vdc=2*Vm/pi#\n", + "print 'Vdc=%0.2f'%Vdc,\"V\"\n", + "Idc=Vdc/RL#\n", + "print 'Idc=%0.2f'%Idc,\"A\"\n", + "PIV=2*Vm#\n", + "print 'PIV=%0.2f'%PIV,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.9 Pg 336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "L=1.50 H\n", + "L=0.19 H\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "f=50#\n", + "y=0.05#\n", + "RL=100#\n", + "L=RL/(y*3*sqrt(2)*2*pi*f)#\n", + "print \"L=%0.2f\"%L,\"H\"\n", + "f=400#\n", + "y=0.05#\n", + "L=RL/(y*3*sqrt(2)*2*pi*f)#\n", + "print \"L=%0.2f\"%L,\"H\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.10 Pg 337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "C=289.00 microF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vdc=30#\n", + "RL=1*10**3#\n", + "y=0.01#\n", + "C=2890/(y*RL)#\n", + "print \"C=%0.2f\"%C,'microF'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.11 Pg 338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "C=119.50 microF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vdc=12#\n", + "Idc=100*10**-3#\n", + "y=0.01#\n", + "L=1#\n", + "C=1.195/(L*y)#\n", + "print \"C=%0.2f\"%C,'microF'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.12 Pg 339" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "y= 0.076 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Idc=0.2#\n", + "Vdc=30#\n", + "C1=100#\n", + "C2=100#\n", + "L=5#\n", + "f=50#\n", + "RL=Vdc/Idc#\n", + "y=5700/(L*C1*C2*RL)#\n", + "print 'y=',y*100,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 16.13 Pg 340" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vdc=351.00 V\n", + "I=2.09 A\n", + "Iavg=0.67 A\n", + "Pdc=702.00 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vs=150#\n", + "Idc=2#\n", + "Vdc=2.34*Vs#\n", + "print 'Vdc=%0.2f'%Vdc,\"V\"\n", + "I=Idc/0.955#\n", + "print 'I=%0.2f'%I,\"A\"\n", + "Iavg=2/3#\n", + "print 'Iavg=%0.2f'%Iavg,\"A\"\n", + "Pdc=Vdc*Idc#\n", + "print 'Pdc=%0.2f'%Pdc,\"W\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap17_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap17_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d1a76597 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap17_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,277 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 17 : CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 17.1 Pg 370" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a=22.797\n", + "cosalpha=0.873\n", + "alpha=29.157 degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt,cos,acos\n", + "RL=100#\n", + "Vm=300#\n", + "#load power P= Vdc*Idc\n", + "a=(Vm/(2*pi))**2*(1/RL)#\n", + "print \"a=%0.3f\"%a\n", + "p=25#\n", + "#1+cosb=sgrt(25/a)\n", + "b=a*1+cos(sqrt(p/a))#\n", + "cosalpha=(sqrt(p/a))-1#\n", + "p=80#\n", + "cosalpha=(sqrt(p/a))-1#\n", + "print \"cosalpha=%0.3f\"%cosalpha\n", + "#or#\n", + "alpha=acos(cosalpha)*180/pi\n", + "print 'alpha=%0.3f'%alpha,'degree'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 17.2 Pg 371" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "P=4044.96 mW OR\n", + "P=4.04 W\n", + "P=2916.00 mW OR\n", + "P=2.92 W\n", + "P=1011.240000 mW OR\n", + "P=1.01 W\n", + "P=86.86 mW OR\n", + "P=0.09 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "vm=200#\n", + "Rl=1*10**3#\n", + "#ALPHA=0degree\n", + "Vdc=vm*0.318#\n", + "Idc=Vdc/Rl#\n", + "P=Vdc*Idc#\n", + "print \"P=%0.2f\"%(P*1e3),'mW',\"OR\"\n", + "print \"P=%0.2f\"%P,'W'\n", + "#alpha=45 degree\n", + "Vdc=vm*0.27#\n", + "Idc=Vdc/Rl#\n", + "P=Vdc*Idc#\n", + "print \"P=%0.2f\"%(P*1e3),'mW',\"OR\"\n", + "print \"P=%0.2f\"%P,'W'\n", + "#alpha=90 degree\n", + "Vdc=vm*0.159#\n", + "Idc=Vdc/Rl#\n", + "P=Vdc*Idc#\n", + "print \"P=%02f\"%(P*1e3),'mW',\"OR\"\n", + "print \"P=%0.2f\"%P,'W'\n", + "\n", + "#alpha=135 degree\n", + "Vdc=vm*0.04660#\n", + "Idc=Vdc/Rl#\n", + "P=Vdc*Idc#\n", + "print \"P=%0.2f\"%(P*1e3),'mW',\"OR\"\n", + "print \"P=%0.2f\"%P,'W'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 17.3 Pg 372" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vm=311 V\n", + "Vdc=74.28 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi,cos\n", + "Vrms=220#\n", + "a=60#\n", + "Vm=sqrt (2)*Vrms#\n", + "print 'Vm=%02.f'%Vm,\"V\"\n", + "Vdc=(Vm/(2*pi))*(1+cos(pi/180*60))#\n", + "print 'Vdc=%0.2f'%Vdc,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 17.4 Pg 373" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vm=141.42 V\n", + "RL=76.85 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi,cos\n", + "Vrms=100#\n", + "a=45#\n", + "Idc=0.5#\n", + "Vm=sqrt (2)*Vrms#\n", + "print 'Vm=%0.2f'%Vm,\"V\"\n", + "#Idc=(Vm/(2*pi*RL))*(1+cosd(a))#\n", + "RL=(Vm/(2*pi*Idc))*(1+cos(pi/180*a))#\n", + "print \"RL=%0.2f\"%RL,'ohm'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 17.5 Pg 374" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a=0.75\n", + "f=25.00 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Ton=30*10**-6#\n", + "Toff=10*10**-6#\n", + "#consider duty cycle=a\n", + "a=Ton/(Ton+Toff)#\n", + "print \"a=%0.2f\"%a\n", + "f=(1/(Ton+Toff))\n", + "print \"f=%0.2f\"%(f*10**-3),'kHZ'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 17.6 Pg 375" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a=0.75\n", + "Vl=150.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Ton=30*10**-3#\n", + "Toff=10*10**-3#\n", + "Vdc=200#\n", + "a=Ton/(Ton+Toff)#\n", + "print \"a=%0.2f\"%a\n", + "Vl=Vdc*a#\n", + "print 'Vl=%0.2f'%(Vl),\"V\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap18_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap18_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2161d14f --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap18_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1220 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 18 : BJT BIASING AND STABILISATION" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.1 Pg 402" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=2.00 mA\n", + "Vce=20.00 V\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f3408d27b10>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "Vbb=10#\n", + "Rb=47*10**3#\n", + "Vcc=20#\n", + "Rc=10*10**3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "Ic=Vcc/Rc##saturation current\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),'mA'\n", + "Vce=Vcc##cut-off voltage\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"\n", + "i=arange(2,0,-0.1)\n", + "plot(i)#\n", + "xlabel(\"VCE\")#\n", + "ylabel( \"IC\")#\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.2 Pg 403" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IC=66.67 mA\n", + "Vce=20.00 V\n", + "Ib=1.86e-04 A\n", + "Ic=3.72e-02 A\n", + "Vce=8.84 V\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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0vpbkm0l+t9l2WlUdaS4fAU7rZmmd2Oixv5Tx8bFqUY6VDyS5J8nyxNMkC7EvkuxlXE3/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\nLXMgajYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f2cf6497910>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "\n", + "Vbb=10#\n", + "Rb=50*10**3#\n", + "Vcc=20#\n", + "Rc=300#\n", + "beta=200#\n", + "Ic=Vcc/Rc##saturation current\n", + "print \"IC=%0.2f\"%(Ic*1e3),'mA'\n", + "Vce=Vcc##cut-off voltage\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"\n", + "Ib=(Vbb-0.7)/Rb#\n", + "print \"Ib=%0.2e\"%Ib,\"A\"\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib#\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2e\"%Ic,\"A\"\n", + "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc#\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"\n", + "i=arange(21,0,-0.1)\n", + "plot(i)#\n", + "xlabel(\"VCE\")#\n", + "ylabel( \"IC\")#\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.3 Pg 404" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ib=0.14 mA\n", + "Ic=11.11 mA\n", + "Vce=15.89 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Rb=180*10**3#\n", + "Vcc=25#\n", + "Rc=820#\n", + "beta=80#\n", + "Ib=Vcc/Rb##saturation current\n", + "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*1e3),'mA'\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib#\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*1e3),'mA'\n", + "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##cut-off voltage\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.4 Pg 404" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rb=40.00 Kohm\n", + "S= 101\n", + "Ic=3.00e-02 A\n", + "Vce=2.10 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=12#\n", + "Rc=330#\n", + "Ib=0.3*10**-3#\n", + "beta=100#\n", + "#Ib=Vcc/Rb##saturation current\n", + "Rb=Vcc/Ib#\n", + "print \"Rb=%0.2f\"%(Rb*1e-3),'Kohm'\n", + "S=1+beta#\n", + "print \"S=\",S\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib#\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2e\"%Ic,\"A\"\n", + "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##cut-off voltage\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.5 Pg 405" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ib=0.04 mA\n", + "Ic=4.00 mA\n", + "Vce=8.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Rb=400*10**3#\n", + "Vcc=20#\n", + "Rc=2*10**3#\n", + "Re=1*10**3#\n", + "beta=100#\n", + "Ib=Vcc/(Rb+(beta*Re))##saturation current\n", + "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*10**3),'mA'\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib#\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),'mA'\n", + "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*(Rc+Re))##cut-off voltage\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f'%Vce,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.6 Pg 406" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=2.35 mA\n", + "VCe=6.82 V\n", + "Icsat=5.45 mA\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXoAAAEPCAYAAABMTw/iAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f2d0cb4b310>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=12#\n", + "Rc=2.2*10**3#\n", + "Rb=240#\n", + "B=50#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "RE=0#\n", + "Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(RE+(Rb/B))##collector current\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f mA\"%Ic\n", + "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*10**-3)*Rc##CE voltage\n", + "print 'VCe=%0.2f V'%Vce\n", + "Icsat=Vcc/Rc#\n", + "print 'Icsat=%0.2f mA'%(Icsat*10**3)\n", + "Vcec=Vcc##cutoff voltage\n", + "i=arange(5.45,0,-0.5)\n", + "plot(i)#\n", + "xlabel(\"VCE\")#\n", + "ylabel( \"IC\")#\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.7 Pg 407" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=6.00 mA\n", + "Vce=30.00 V\n", + "Ib=20.00 microA\n", + "Ic=2.00 mA\n", + "Vce= 20.00 V\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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TM/MnZY9lGiLidGAfsCUz1/Wf2wj8V2Zu7P+D/bOZ+YkyxzmpJY5vDngqM/+81MGtUES8\nBnhNZt4bEUcA9wC/CVxIA87fMsd3Hg04fwARcVhmPt3/WeidwKXA+xnj/JVV9m35wFXBd7uYncy8\nA3hiwdPvBzb3H2+m9x9YLS1xfNCAc5iZP8rMe/uP9wEP0vvMSyPO3zLHBw04fwCZ+XT/4cvo/Qz0\nCcY8f2VN9m34wFUC34qIuyPiw2UPpiDHZuZj/cePAceWOZiCXBQR90XEtXVd5hgWEccDpwA7aeD5\nGzq+Hf2nGnH+IuKgiLiX3nm6PTP3MOb5K2uyb8NPhd+WmacAZwEf6S8TNFb/XtVNO69fBNYAJwOP\nAn9W7nBWpr/E8TXg4sx8anhbE85f//hupHd8+2jQ+cvM5zLzZOD1wNsj4h0Ltr/k+Strsv8hcNzQ\n98fRq/vGyMxH+38+Dnyd3tJV0zzWXy8lIl4L7C15PFOVmXuzD/gSNT6HEXEIvYn++szc3n+6Medv\n6Pj+enB8TTp/A5n5JHALcCpjnr+yJvu7gTdGxPER8TLgA8BNJY1l6iLisIg4sv/4cOA9wP3L/61a\nugn4UP/xh4Dty7y2dvr/AQ2cQ03PYUQEcC3wQGZ+dmhTI87fUsfXoPN31GAJKiJWA+8GdjPm+Svt\nOvuIOAv4LM9/4OrKUgZSgIhYQ6/moffBta/U/fgi4gbgDOAoeuuDVwB/B2wFfh54GDgvM/+7rDGu\nxCLHNwd06C0BJPAQ8PtDa6S1ERG/Cnwb+C7P/1/9T9L7VHvtz98Sx/fHwPk04/yto/cD2IP6X9dn\n5qcj4lWMcf78UJUktYC/llCSWsDJXpJawMleklrAyV6SWsDJXpJawMleklrAyV6tExH/FBHvWfDc\nJRFxTUS8KSJu7d829p6I+NuIOCYiOhHx5NDtcndHxK+VdQzSuAr7TVVShd0AfBC4bei5DwAfB24G\nPpaZtwBExBnA0fQ+mPPtzHzfjMcqTYVlrzb6GvDr/XuDD+6U+DrgjcC/DCZ6gMz85/4dBhtxq1y1\nl5O9Wqf/C2XuAs7uP/VBeh87XwvsWuavnr5gGWdNwUOVpsbJXm01WMqB3hLOV0f4O3dk5ilDXw8V\nNzxpupzs1VY3Ae+MiFOAwzJzN7CH3q1jpcZxslcr9X+5xe3AdTxf9V8FfiUiBss7RMTbI2JtCUOU\npsrJXm12A7Cu/yeZ+QzwXnq/yu77EbEH+APgcXpX4yxcsz+3rIFL4/IWx5LUApa9JLWAk70ktYCT\nvSS1gJO9JLWAk70ktYCTvSS1gJO9JLWAk70ktcD/A8wkK1W+faCcAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f2cf32fe390>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=30#\n", + "Rb=1.5*10**6#\n", + "Rc=5*10**3#\n", + "beta=100#\n", + "Ic=Vcc/Rc##saturation current\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Vce=Vcc##cut-off voltage\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f V'%Vce\n", + "Ib=Vcc/Rb##base current\n", + "print 'Ib=%0.2f microA'%(Ib*10**6)\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib#\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc#\n", + "print 'Vce= %0.2f V'%Vce\n", + "i=arange(6,0,-0.2)\n", + "plot(i)#\n", + "xlabel(\"VCE\")#\n", + "ylabel( \"IC\")#\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.9 Pg 408" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=9.92 mA\n", + "Vce= 16.87 V\n", + "S=74.394\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Rb=180*10**3#\n", + "Vcc=25#\n", + "Rc=820#\n", + "Re=200#\n", + "beta=80#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Re+(Rb/beta))##collector current\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##collector to emitter voltage\n", + "print 'Vce= %0.2f V'%Vce\n", + "S=(1+beta)/(1+beta*(Re/(Re+Rb)))#\n", + "print \"S=%0.3f\"%S##stability factor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.10 Pg 409" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=0.85 mA\n", + "Vce= 1.55 V\n", + "Ic=1.00 mA\n", + "Vce= 10.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Rb=100*10**3#\n", + "Vcc=10#\n", + "Rc=10*10**3#\n", + "beta=100#\n", + "Ic=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rc+(Rb/beta))##collector current\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##collector to emitter voltage\n", + "print 'Vce= %0.2f V'%Vce\n", + "Ic=Vcc/Rc#\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Vce=Vcc#\n", + "print 'Vce= %0.2f V'%Vce" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.11 Pg 410" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ib=0.05 mA\n", + "Ic=2.33 mA\n", + "Ie=2.33 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Rb=100*10**3#\n", + "Vcc=10#\n", + "Rc=2*10**3#\n", + "beta1=50#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rb+(beta1*Rc))#\n", + "print 'Ib=%0.2f mA'%(Ib*10**3)\n", + "Ic=beta1*Ib#\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Ie=Ic#\n", + "print 'Ie=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.12 Pg 411" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IB=15.82 microA\n", + "IC=1581.82 microA\n", + "IC=1.58 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=9#\n", + "RB=220*10**3#\n", + "RC=3.3*10**3#\n", + "VBE=0.3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "#if vc=0\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB+(B*RC))#\n", + "print 'IB=%0.2f microA'%(IB*10**6)\n", + "IC=B*IB#\n", + "print 'IC=%0.2f microA'%(IC*10**6) #CORRECTION IN BOOK\n", + "#if VC=9\n", + "VC=9#\n", + "IC=B*IB#\n", + "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n", + "#IC*RC=0,which means collector resistance is short circuited" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.13 Pg 412" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=1.96 mA\n", + "Vb=0.90 V\n", + "Vc=5.53 V\n", + "IR2=0.28 mA\n", + "Ib=0.04 mA\n", + "IR1=0.32 mA\n", + "R1=14.63 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=12#\n", + "Rc=3.3*10**3#\n", + "Re=100#\n", + "Ie=2*10**-3#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "alpha=0.98#\n", + "Ic=alpha*Ie#\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Vb=Vbe+(Ie*Re)#\n", + "print 'Vb=%0.2f V'%Vb\n", + "Vc=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##collector to emitter voltage\n", + "print 'Vc=%0.2f V'%Vc\n", + "R2=20*10**3#\n", + "IR2=Vc/R2#\n", + "print 'IR2=%0.2f mA'%(IR2*10**3)\n", + "Ib=Ie-Ic#\n", + "print 'Ib=%0.2f mA'%(Ib*10**3)\n", + "IR1=IR2+Ib#\n", + "print 'IR1=%0.2f mA'%(IR1*10**3)\n", + "R1=(Vc-Vb)/IR1#\n", + "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.14 Pg 414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IC=1.90 mA\n", + "RB=117.00 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=24#\n", + "RC=10*10**3#\n", + "RE=270#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "B=45#\n", + "VCE=5#\n", + "IC=(VCC-VCE)/RC#\n", + "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n", + "RB=(2.6*10**3)*B#\n", + "print 'RB=%0.2f kohm'%(RB*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.15 Pg 416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ib=0.01 mA\n", + "Ic=1.06 mA\n", + "Vce=1.09 V\n", + "S=16.091\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Rb=33*10**3#\n", + "Vcc=3#\n", + "Rc=1.8*10**3#\n", + "beta=90#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/(Rb+(Rc*beta))##collector current\n", + "print 'Ib=%0.2f mA'%(Ib*10**3)\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib#\n", + "print 'Ic=%.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Vce=Vcc-(Ic*Rc)##collector to emitter voltage\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f V'%Vce\n", + "S=(1+beta)/(1+beta*(Rc/(Rc+Rb)))#stability factor\n", + "print \"S=%0.3f\"%S" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.16 Pg 416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vb=3.33 V\n", + "Ve=2.63 V\n", + "Ie=05 mA\n", + "Ic=05 mA\n", + "Ve=2.63 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Vcc=10#\n", + "Rc=1*10**3#\n", + "beta=100#\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "R2=5*10**3#\n", + "Re=500#\n", + "Vb=Vcc*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n", + "print 'Vb=%0.2f V'%Vb\n", + "Ve=Vb-Vbe#\n", + "print 'Ve=%0.2f V'%Ve\n", + "Ie=Ve/Re#\n", + "print 'Ie=%02.f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n", + "Ic=Ie#\n", + "print 'Ic=%02.f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Vce=Vcc-(Rc+Re)#\n", + "print 'Ve=%0.2f V'%Ve" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.17 Pg 418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vb=2.81 V\n", + "Ve=2.11 V\n", + "Ie=3.11 mA\n", + "Ic=3.11 mA\n", + "VRc=3.11 V\n", + "Vc=5.89 V\n", + "Vce=3.78 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=9#\n", + "Rc=1*10**3#\n", + "Re=680#\n", + "beta=100#\n", + "R1=33*10**3#\n", + "R2=15*10**3#\n", + "Vb=Vcc*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n", + "print 'Vb=%0.2f V'%Vb\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Ve=Vb-Vbe#\n", + "print 'Ve=%0.2f V'%Ve\n", + "Ie=Ve/Re#\n", + "print 'Ie=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n", + "Ic=Ie#\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "VRc=Ic*Rc#\n", + "print 'VRc=%0.2f V'%VRc\n", + "Vc=Vcc-VRc#\n", + "print 'Vc=%0.2f V'%Vc\n", + "Vce=Vc-Ve#\n", + "print 'Vce=%0.2f V'%Vce" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.18 Pg 419" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 29, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rc=2200.00 ohm\n", + "R1=40.00 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=5#\n", + "RE=0.3*10**3#\n", + "IC=1*10**-3#\n", + "VCE=2.5#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "ICO=0#\n", + "R2=10*10**3#\n", + "IE=IC#\n", + "RC=((VCC-VCE)/IC)-RE#\n", + "print 'Rc=%0.2f ohm'%RC\n", + "VE=IE*RE#\n", + "VB=VE+VBE#\n", + "R1=VCC*R2-R2#\n", + "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.19 Pg 420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 30, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VB=10.00 V\n", + "IE=1.86 mA\n", + "VCE=18.14 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=20#\n", + "RC=1*10**3#\n", + "RE=5*10**3#\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "R2=10*10**3#\n", + "B=462#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "VB=Vcc*R2/(R1+R2)#\n", + "print 'VB=%0.2f V'%VB\n", + "VE=VB-VBE#\n", + "IE=VE/RE#\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n", + "IC=IE#\n", + "VCE=Vcc-IC*RC#\n", + "print 'VCE=%0.2f V'%VCE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.20 Pg 422" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 31, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IC=0.62 mA\n", + "IE=0.65 mA\n", + "IB=26.04 microA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=8#\n", + "VRC=0.5#\n", + "RC=800#\n", + "a=0.96#\n", + "VCE=VCC-VRC##VRC=IC*RC\n", + "IC=VRC/RC#\n", + "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n", + "IE=IC/a#\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n", + "IB=IE-IC#\n", + "print 'IB=%0.2f microA'%(IB*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.21 Pg 423" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ICdiff=43.478 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=12#\n", + "RC=1*10**3#\n", + "RE=100#\n", + "R1=25*10**3#\n", + "R2=5*10**3#\n", + "B=50#\n", + "VBE=0.6#\n", + "VTH=VCC*R2/(R1+R2)#\n", + "RTH=R1*R2/(R1+R2)#\n", + "IE50=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+RTH/B)#\n", + "B=150#\n", + "IE150=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+RTH/B)#\n", + "ICdiff=(IE150-IE50)/IE50#\n", + "print \"ICdiff=%0.3f %%\"%(ICdiff*100)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.24 Pg 424" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 33, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RE=1.40 kohm\n", + "RTH=2.98 kohm\n", + "R2=7.00 kohm\n", + "R1=5.17 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "B=50#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "VCC=22.5#\n", + "RC=5.6*10**3#\n", + "VCE=12#\n", + "IC=1.5*10**-3#\n", + "S=3#\n", + "RE=(VCC-IC*RC-VCE)/IC#\n", + "print 'RE=%0.2f kohm'%(RE*10**-3)\n", + "RTH=(4375)-RE#\n", + "print 'RTH=%0.2f kohm'%(RTH*10**-3)\n", + "R2=0.1*B*RE#\n", + "print 'R2=%0.2f kohm'%(R2*10**-3)\n", + "R1=(-RTH*R2)/(RTH-R2)#\n", + "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.25 Pg 425" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ie=1.86 mA\n", + "IC=1.86 mA\n", + "VCE=8.84 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "VEE=10#\n", + "RC=1*10**3#\n", + "RE=5*10**3#\n", + "RB=50*10**3#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "VE=-VBE#\n", + "IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE#\n", + "print 'Ie=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n", + "IC=IE#\n", + "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n", + "VC=VCC-IC*RC#\n", + "VCE=VC-VE#\n", + "print 'VCE=%0.2f V'%VCE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.26 Pg 426" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IE1=1.89 mA\n", + "VC1=10.54 V\n", + "VCE1=11.24 V\n", + "IE2=1.92 mA\n", + "VC2=10.40 V\n", + "VCE2=8.74 V\n", + "delIc=1.51 %\n", + "delVCE=28.60 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=20#\n", + "VEE=20#\n", + "RC=5*10**3#\n", + "RE=10*10**3#\n", + "RB=10*10**3#\n", + "B1=50#\n", + "B2=100#\n", + "VBE1=0.7#\n", + "VBE2=0.6#\n", + "IE1=(VEE-VBE1)/(RE+RB/B1)#\n", + "print 'IE1=%0.2f mA'%(IE1*10**3)\n", + "IC1=IE1#\n", + "VC1=VCC-IC1*RC#\n", + "print 'VC1=%0.2f V'%VC1\n", + "VE=-VBE1#\n", + "VCE1=VC1-VE#\n", + "print 'VCE1=%0.2f V'%VCE1\n", + "IE2=(VEE-VBE2)/(RE+RB/B2)#\n", + "print 'IE2=%0.2f mA'%(IE2*10**3)\n", + "IC2=IE2#\n", + "VC2=VCC-IC2*RC#\n", + "print 'VC2=%0.2f V'%VC2\n", + "VE=-VBE2#\n", + "VCE2=VC-VE#\n", + "print 'VCE2=%0.2f V'%VCE2\n", + "delIc=(IC2-IC1)/IC1#\n", + "print \"delIc=%0.2f %%\"%(delIc*100)\n", + "delVCE=(VCE1-VCE2)/VCE2#\n", + "print \"delVCE=%0.2f %%\"%(delVCE*100)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.27 Pg 427" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VB=-2.00 V\n", + "VE=-1.80 V\n", + "IC=1.80 mA\n", + "VC=-8.40 V\n", + "VCE=-6.60 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=12#\n", + "RC=2*10**3#\n", + "RE=1*10**3#\n", + "R1=100*10**3#\n", + "R2=20*10**3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "VBE=-0.2#\n", + "VB=-VCC*R2/(R1+R2)#\n", + "print 'VB=%0.2f V'%VB\n", + "VE=VB-VBE#\n", + "print 'VE=%0.2f V'%VE\n", + "IE=-VE/RE#\n", + "IC=IE#\n", + "print \"IC=%0.2f mA\"%(IC*10**3)\n", + "VC=-(VCC-IC*RC)#\n", + "print 'VC=%0.2f V'%VC\n", + "VCE=VC-(VE)#\n", + "print 'VCE=%0.2f V'%VCE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 18.28 Pg 428" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VB=-0.41 V\n", + "VE=-0.11 V\n", + "IC=0.40 mA\n", + "VRC=0.61 V\n", + "VC=-3.89 V\n", + "VCE=-3.78 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=4.5#\n", + "RC=1.5*10**3#\n", + "RE=0.27*10**3#\n", + "R2=2.7*10**3#\n", + "R1=27*10**3#\n", + "B=44#\n", + "VBE=-0.3#\n", + "VB=-VCC*R2/(R1+R2)#\n", + "print 'VB=%0.2f V'%VB\n", + "VE=VB-VBE#\n", + "print 'VE=%0.2f V'%VE\n", + "IE=-VE/RE#\n", + "IC=IE#\n", + "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n", + "VRC=IC*RC#\n", + "print 'VRC=%0.2f V'%VRC\n", + "VC=-(VCC-VRC)\n", + "print 'VC=%0.2f V'%VC\n", + "VCE=VC-(VE)#\n", + "print 'VCE=%0.2f V'%VCE" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap19_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap19_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4d1188c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap19_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,749 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 19 : SINGLE STAGE BJT AMPLIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.1 Pg 456" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ib=9.30 microA\n", + "Ic=0.93 mA\n", + "re=26.88 ohm\n", + "Ri=2.69 kohm\n", + "Ris=2.68 kohm\n", + "R0=10.00 kOhm\n", + "Av=372.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=10#\n", + "Rc=10*10**3#\n", + "Rb=1*10**6#\n", + "beta=100#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Ib=(Vcc-Vbe)/Rb#\n", + "print 'Ib=%0.2f microA'%(Ib*10**6)\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib#\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Ie=Ic#\n", + "re=25/(Ie*10**3)\n", + "print 're=%0.2f ohm'%re\n", + "Ri=beta*re#\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri*10**-3)\n", + "Ris=(Rb*beta*re)/(Rb+beta*re)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f kohm'%(Ris*10**-3)\n", + "R0=Rc#\n", + "print 'R0=%0.2f kOhm'%(R0*10**-3)\n", + "Av=Rc/re#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.2 Pg 458" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ib=2.00 microA\n", + "ic=100.00 microA\n", + "Ap=10000.00\n", + "Gp=40.00 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "Ri=2.5*10**3#\n", + "Av=200#\n", + "Vs=5*10**-3#\n", + "beta=50#\n", + "ib=(Vs/Ri)\n", + "print 'ib=%0.2f microA'%(ib*10**6)\n", + "ic=beta*ib#\n", + "print 'ic=%0.2f microA'%(ic*10**6)\n", + "Ai=beta#\n", + "Ap=Ai*Av#\n", + "print \"Ap=%0.2f\"%Ap\n", + "Gp=10*log10(Ap)\n", + "print 'Gp=%0.2f dB'%Gp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.3 Pg 460" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=12.00 mA\n", + "re=2.08 ohm\n", + "Ri=150.31 kohm\n", + "rIS=60.05 kohm\n", + "Av=5.00\n", + "Gp=6.99 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "Vcc=20#\n", + "Rc=5*10**3#\n", + "Re=1*10**3#\n", + "Rb=100*10**3#\n", + "beta=150#\n", + "Vbe=0.7\n", + "Ic=Vcc/(Re+(Rb/beta))\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Ie=Ic#\n", + "re=25/(Ie*10**3)\n", + "print 're=%0.2f ohm'%re\n", + "Ri=beta*(re+Re)\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri*10**-3)\n", + "Ris=(Rb*Ri)/(Rb+Ri)\n", + "print 'rIS=%0.2f kohm'%(Ris*10**-3)\n", + "Av=Rc/Re#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Gp=10*log10(Av)\n", + "print 'Gp=%0.2f dB'%Gp" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.4 Pg 462" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=1.09 mA\n", + "re=22.92 ohm\n", + "Ri=1145.83 ohm\n", + "Ris=1143.21 ohm\n", + "Av=436.36\n", + "Av=10.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=12#\n", + "Rc=10*10**3#\n", + "Re=1*10**3#\n", + "Rb=500*10**3#\n", + "beta=50#\n", + "Ic=Vcc/(Re+(Rb/beta))\n", + "print 'Ic=%0.2f mA'%(Ic*10**3)\n", + "Ie=Ic#\n", + "re=25/(Ie*10**3)\n", + "print 're=%0.2f ohm'%re\n", + "Ri=beta*re#\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f ohm'%Ri\n", + "Ris=(Rb*Ri)/(Rb+Ri)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f ohm'%Ris\n", + "R0=Rc#\n", + "Av=R0/re#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Av=Rc/Re#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.5 Pg 463" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vth=7.26 V\n", + "Rth=1.14e+04 ohm\n", + "IE=0.79 mA\n", + "re=31.48 ohm\n", + "rl=2.48 kohm\n", + "Av=78.83 \n", + "V0=394.14 mV\n", + "Ri=6.30 kohm\n", + "Ris=4.05 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=30#\n", + "Rc=10*10**3#\n", + "RL=3.3*10**3#\n", + "R1=47*10**3#\n", + "R2=15*10**3#\n", + "Re=8.2*10**3#\n", + "beta=200#\n", + "Vs=5*10**-3#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Vth=%0.2f V'%Vth\n", + "Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Rth=%0.2e ohm'%Rth\n", + "Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(Re+(Rth/beta))\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n", + "re=25/(Ie*10**3)\n", + "print 're=%0.2f ohm'%re\n", + "rl=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL)\n", + "print 'rl=%0.2f kohm'%(rl*10**-3)\n", + "Av=rl/re#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f \"%Av\n", + "Vin=5#\n", + "V0=Av*Vin\n", + "print 'V0=%0.2f mV'%V0\n", + "Ri=beta*re#\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri*10**-3)\n", + "Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f kohm'%(Ris*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.6 Pg 465" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vth=1.67 V\n", + "Rth=8.33e+03 ohm\n", + "IE=0.83 mA\n", + "re=30.17 ohm\n", + "Ris=1277.37 ohm\n", + "rl=4.55 kohm\n", + "Av=150.65\n", + "Vin=6.80 mV\n", + "V0=1.03 mV\n", + "Avs=102.50\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=10#\n", + "Rc=5*10**3#\n", + "Re=1*10**3#0\n", + "RL=50*10**3#\n", + "R1=50*10**3#\n", + "R2=10*10**3#\n", + "Rs=600#\n", + "beta=50#\n", + "Vs=10*10**-3#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Vth=%0.2f V'%Vth\n", + "Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Rth=%0.2e ohm'%Rth\n", + "Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(Re+(Rth/beta))\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n", + "re=25/(Ie*10**3)\n", + "print 're=%0.2f ohm'%re\n", + "Ri=beta*re#\n", + "Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f ohm'%Ris\n", + "rl=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL)\n", + "print 'rl=%0.2f kohm'%(rl*10**-3)\n", + "Av=rl/re#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Vin=(Vs*Ris)/(Ris+Rs)\n", + "print 'Vin=%0.2f mV'%(Vin*10**3)\n", + "V0=Av*Vin#\n", + "print 'V0=%0.2f mV'%V0\n", + "Avs=(Av*Vin)/Vs#\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f\"%Avs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.7 Pg 467" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vth=-3.13 V\n", + "Rth=6.78 kohm\n", + "IE=-2.35 mA\n", + "re1=12.78 ohm\n", + "Ris=3.19 kohm\n", + "re=1.77 kohm\n", + "Av=138.28\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=-18#\n", + "Rc=4.3*10**3#\n", + "Re=1*10**3#0\n", + "RL=3*10**3#\n", + "R1=39*10**3#\n", + "R2=8.2*10**3#\n", + "beta1=200#\n", + "Vbe=-0.7#\n", + "Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Vth=%0.2f V'%Vth\n", + "Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Rth=%0.2f kohm'%(Rth*10**-3)\n", + "Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(Re+(Rth/beta1))\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n", + "re1=(30*10**-3)/(-Ie)\n", + "print 're1=%0.2f ohm'%re1\n", + "Ri=beta1*re#\n", + "Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f kohm'%(Ris*10**-3)\n", + "re=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL)\n", + "print 're=%0.2f kohm'%(re*10**-3)\n", + "Av=re/re1#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.8 Pg 468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vth=1.82 V\n", + "Rth=9.09 kohm\n", + "IE=1.02 mA\n", + "re=24.39 ohm\n", + "Ris=1923.08 ohm\n", + "Av=233.70\n", + "Vin=0.01 mV\n", + "V0=0.00 V\n", + "Avs=222.15\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=20#\n", + "Rc=5.7*10**3#\n", + "Re=1*10**3#\n", + "R1=100*10**3#\n", + "R2=10*10**3#\n", + "Rs=100#\n", + "beta1=100#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Vth=%0.2f V'%Vth\n", + "Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Rth=%0.2f kohm'%(Rth*10**-3)\n", + "Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(Re+(Rth/beta1))\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n", + "re=25/(Ie*10**3)\n", + "print 're=%0.2f ohm'%re\n", + "Ri=beta1*re#\n", + "Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f ohm'%Ris\n", + "rl=Rc#\n", + "Av=rl/re#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Vin=(Vs*Ris)/(Ris+Rs)\n", + "print 'Vin=%0.2f mV'%Vin\n", + "V0=Av*Vin#\n", + "print 'V0=%0.2f V'%(V0*10**-3)\n", + "Avs=(Av*Vin)/Vs#\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f\"%Avs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.9 Pg 469" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vth=1.67 V\n", + "Rth=8.33e+00 ohm\n", + "RE=1000.00 ohm\n", + "Ie=0.83 mA\n", + "re=30.17 ohm\n", + "Ri=26.51 kohm\n", + "Ris=6340.21 ohm\n", + "rl=4.55 kohm\n", + "Av=8.57 \n", + "VinBYVs=0.91\n", + "Avs=7.83\n", + "V0=783.23 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=10#\n", + "Rc=5*10**3#\n", + "RE1=500#\n", + "R1=50*10**3#\n", + "R2=10*10**3#\n", + "Rs=600#\n", + "rE=500#\n", + "beta1=50#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "vs=100*10**-3#\n", + "Rl=50*10**3#\n", + "Vth=(Vcc*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Vth=%0.2f V'%Vth\n", + "Rth=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print 'Rth=%0.2e ohm'%(Rth*10**-3)\n", + "RE=RE1+rE#\n", + "print 'RE=%0.2f ohm'%RE\n", + "Ie=(Vth-Vbe)/(RE+(Rth/beta1))\n", + "print 'Ie=%0.2f mA'%(Ie*10**3)\n", + "re=25/(Ie*10**3)\n", + "print 're=%0.2f ohm'%re\n", + "Ri=beta1*(re+rE)\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri*10**-3)\n", + "Ris=(Rth*Ri)/(Rth+Ri)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f ohm'%Ris\n", + "rl=(Rc*Rl)/(Rc+Rl)\n", + "print 'rl=%0.2f kohm'%(rl*10**-3)\n", + "Av=rl/(re+rE)\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f \"%Av\n", + "VinBYVs=(Ris)/(Ris+Rs)\n", + "print \"VinBYVs=%0.2f\"%VinBYVs\n", + "Avs=Av*VinBYVs#\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f\"%Avs\n", + "V0=Avs*vs#\n", + "print 'V0=%0.2f mV'%(V0*10**3) #answer printed in the book is wrong(variation in decimal point) " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + " ## Ex 19.10 Pg 470" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ris=53.62 ohm\n", + "Ai=0.98\n", + "Av=62.82\n", + "Ap=61.56\n", + "Gp=17.89 dB\n", + "Vo=628.21 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "\n", + "VS=10*10**-3#\n", + "a=0.98#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "RC=10*10**3#\n", + "RL=5.1*10**3#\n", + "RE=20*10**3#\n", + "VEE=10#\n", + "IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE#\n", + "re=25/IE*10**-3#\n", + "Ri=re#\n", + "Ris=(RE*re)/(RE+re)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f ohm'%Ris\n", + "Ai=a#\n", + "print \"Ai=%0.2f\"%Ai\n", + "rL=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL)\n", + "Av=rL/re#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Ap=Av*Ai#\n", + "print \"Ap=%0.2f\"%Ap\n", + "Gp=10*log10(Ap)\n", + "print 'Gp=%0.2f dB'%Gp\n", + "Vin=VS#\n", + "Vo=Av*Vin#\n", + "print 'Vo=%0.2f mV'%(Vo*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.11 Pg 471" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Avs=32.56\n", + "Av=62.83\n", + "vin=5.18 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Rs=50#\n", + "IE=0.465*10**-3#\n", + "re1=53.8#\n", + "Ri=53.8#\n", + "Ris=52.4#\n", + "rL=3.38*10**3#\n", + "Avs=rL/(Rs+re1)\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f\"%Avs\n", + "Av=rL/re1#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Vs=10#\n", + "vo=Avs*Vs#\n", + "vin=vo/Av#\n", + "print 'vin=%0.2f mV'%vin" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.12 Pg 473" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ri=501.61 kohm\n", + "Ro=32.26 ohm\n", + "Av=1.00 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VEE=10#\n", + "RE=10*10**3#\n", + "RB=100*10**3#\n", + "B=50#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "IE=(VEE-VBE)/(RE+(RB/B))\n", + "re=25/IE*10**-3#\n", + "Ri=B*(RE+re)\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri*10**-3)\n", + "Ris=(RB*Ri)/(RB+Ri)\n", + "Rs=0#\n", + "Ro=re+((RB*Rs)/(RB+Rs))/B#\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f ohm'%Ro\n", + "Av=RE/(re+RE)\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f \"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 19.13 Pg 475" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IE=0.82 mA\n", + "Ris=9.12 kohm\n", + "Ro=51.44 ohm\n", + "Vin=4.10 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "B=80#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "VCC=15#\n", + "R1=20*10**3#\n", + "R2=20*10**3#\n", + "RS=2*10**3#\n", + "VS=5*10**-3#\n", + "RE=8.2*10**3#\n", + "RL=1.5*10**3#\n", + "VTH=VCC*R2/(R1+R2)\n", + "RTH=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "IE=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+(RTH/B))\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n", + "re=25/IE*10**-3#\n", + "rL=(RE*RL)/(RE+RL)\n", + "Ri=B*(rL+re)\n", + "Ris=(RTH*Ri)/(RTH+Ri)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f kohm'%(Ris*10**-3)\n", + "Ro=re+((RS*RTH)/(RS+RTH))/B#\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f ohm'%Ro\n", + "Vin=VS*Ris/(RS+Ris)\n", + "print 'Vin=%0.2f mV'%(Vin*10**3)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap20_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap20_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8176c9b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap20_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,501 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 20 : HYBRID PARAMETERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.2 Pg 511" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ris=995.45 Ohm\n", + "Ro=10.26 kohm\n", + "Ros=911.16 ohm\n", + "Ais=-22.78\n", + "Avs=-22.78\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hie=1.0*10**3\n", + "hre=1*10**-4\n", + "hoe=100*10**-6\n", + "RC=1000\n", + "RS=1000\n", + "rL=RC\n", + "hfe=50\n", + "Ai=-hfe/(1+hoe*rL)\n", + "Ri=hie+hre*Ai*rL\n", + "Ris=Ri\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f Ohm'%Ris\n", + "delh=hie*hoe-hre*hfe\n", + "his=1000\n", + "Ro=(RS+his)/(RS*hoe+delh)\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f kohm'%(Ro*10**-3)\n", + "Ros=(Ro*rL)/(Ro+rL)\n", + "print 'Ros=%0.2f ohm'%Ros\n", + "Ais=(Ai*RS)/(RS+Ris)\n", + "print \"Ais=%0.2f\"%Ais\n", + "Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri\n", + "Avs=(Av*Ris)/(RS+Ris)\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f\"%Avs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.3 Pg 512" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ai=48.78 \n", + "Ri=1112.20 Ohm\n", + "Av=43.86 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hie=1.1*10**3\n", + "hre=2.5*10**-4\n", + "hfe=50\n", + "hoe=25*10**-6\n", + "rs=1*10**3\n", + "rL=1*10**3\n", + "Ai=hfe/(1+hoe*rL)\n", + "print \"Ai=%0.2f \"%Ai\n", + "Ri=hie+hre*Ai*rL\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f Ohm'%Ri\n", + "Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f \"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.4 Pg 513" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ris=197.38 ohm\n", + "Ros=3636.36 ohm\n", + "Avs=-3.20 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "RC=4*10**3\n", + "RB=40*10**3\n", + "RS=10*10**3\n", + "hie=1100\n", + "hfe=50\n", + "hre=0\n", + "hoe=0\n", + "RB2=40*10**3\n", + "rL=(RC*RB2)/(RC+RB2)\n", + "Ai=-hfe/(1+hoe*rL)\n", + "Ri=hie+hre*Ai*rL\n", + "Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri\n", + "RB1=40*10**3/(1-Av)\n", + "Ris=(Ri*RB1)/(Ri+RB1)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f ohm'%Ris\n", + "Ros=rL##Ro=infinity\n", + "print 'Ros=%0.2f ohm'%Ros\n", + "Avs=(Av*Ris)/(RS+Ris)\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f \"%Avs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.5 Pg 514" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ai=0.98\n", + "Ri=28.59 ohm\n", + "Ro=56.05 kohm\n", + "Av=41.12\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hib=28\n", + "hfb=-0.98\n", + "hrb=5*10**-4\n", + "hob=0.34*10**-6\n", + "rL=1.2*10**3\n", + "Rs=0\n", + "Ai=-hfb/(1+hob*rL)\n", + "print \"Ai=%0.2f\"%Ai\n", + "Ri=hib+hrb*Ai*rL\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f ohm'%Ri\n", + "delh=hib*hob-hrb*hfb\n", + "Ro=(Rs+hib)/(Rs*hib+delh)\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f kohm'%(Ro*10**-3)\n", + "Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.6 Pg 515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ai=45.33\n", + "Ri=228.67 kohm\n", + "Ris=4893.01 ohm\n", + "Ros=58.14 ohm\n", + "Aid=7.69\n", + "Av=0.99\n", + "Avs=0.82\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hic=2*10**3\n", + "hfc=-51\n", + "hrc=1\n", + "hoc=25*10**-6\n", + "rL=5*10**3\n", + "RE=5*10**3\n", + "Rs=1000\n", + "R1=10*10**3\n", + "R2=10*10**3\n", + "Ai=-hfc/(1+hoc*rL)\n", + "print \"Ai=%0.2f\"%Ai\n", + "Ri=hic+hrc*Ai*rL\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri*10**-3)\n", + "a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "Ris=(Ri*a)/(Ri+a)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f ohm'%Ris\n", + "Ro=-(Rs+hic)/hfc\n", + "Ros=(Ro*RE)/(Ro+RE)\n", + "print 'Ros=%0.2f ohm'%Ros\n", + "Ais=(Ai*Rs)/(Rs+Ris)\n", + "print \"Aid=%0.2f\"%Ais\n", + "Av=(Ai*rL)/Ri\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Avs=(Av*Ris)/(Rs+Ris)\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f\"%Avs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.7 Pg 516" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ris=1.22 kohm\n", + "Ros=3.12 kohm\n", + "Avs=-111.11\n", + "Ais=-50.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hie=1500\n", + "hfe=50\n", + "hre=50*10**-4\n", + "hoe=20*10**-6\n", + "RC=5*10**3\n", + "RL=10*10**3\n", + "R1=20*10**3\n", + "R2=10*10**3\n", + "rL=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL)\n", + "Ai=-hfe\n", + "Ri=hie\n", + "a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "Ris=(Ri*a)/(Ri+a)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f kohm'%(Ris*10**-3)\n", + "Ro=1/hoe\n", + "Ros=(Ro*rL)/(Ro+rL)##correction \n", + "print 'Ros=%0.2f kohm'%(Ros*10**-3)\n", + "Avs=(Ai*rL)/Ri\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f\"%Avs\n", + "Ais=Ai##correction\n", + "print \"Ais=%0.2f\"%Ais" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.8 Pg 517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "hie=2.24 kohm\n", + "hfe=156.52 ohm\n", + "Ris=1.45 kohm\n", + "Avs=236.41\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "RC=12*10**3#\n", + "RL=4.7*10**3#\n", + "R1=33*10**3#\n", + "R2=4.7*10**3#\n", + "IC=1*10**-3#\n", + "hiemin=1*10**3#\n", + "hiemax=5*10**3#\n", + "hfemin=70#\n", + "hfemax=350#\n", + "hie=sqrt(hiemin*hiemax)#\n", + "print 'hie=%0.2f kohm'%(hie*10**-3)\n", + "hfe=sqrt(hfemin*hfemax)#\n", + "print 'hfe=%0.2f ohm'%hfe ##answer printed in the book is wrong\n", + "Ri=hie#\n", + "a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "Ris=(Ri*a)/(Ri+a)#\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f kohm'%(Ris*10**-3)\n", + "Ai=hfe#\n", + "rc=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL)#\n", + "Avs=(Ai*rc)/Ri#\n", + "print \"Avs=%0.2f\"%Avs" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.9 Pg 518" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ris=1.17 kohm\n", + "Ros=2.56 kohm\n", + "Ai=120.00\n", + "Av=275.74\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "RB=330*10**3\n", + "RC=2.7*10**3\n", + "hfe=120\n", + "hie=1.175*10**3\n", + "hoe=20*10**-6\n", + "Ri=hie\n", + "Ris=(hie*RB)/(hie+RB)\n", + "print 'Ris=%0.2f kohm'%(Ris*10**-3)\n", + "Ro=1/hoe\n", + "Ros=(Ro*RC)/(Ro+RC)\n", + "print 'Ros=%0.2f kohm'%(Ros*10**-3)\n", + "Ai=hfe\n", + "print \"Ai=%0.2f\"%Ai\n", + "Av=(hfe*RC)/Ri\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.10 Pg 519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "hfb=-0.98\n", + "hfc=-51.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hfe=50\n", + "hfb=-hfe/(1+hfe)\n", + "print \"hfb=%0.2f\"%hfb\n", + "hfc=-(1+hfe)\n", + "print \"hfc=%0.2f\"%hfc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 20.11 Pg 520" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ai=-41.13\n", + "Ri=412.29 kohm\n", + "Av=1.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hie=1100\n", + "hre=2.5*10**-4\n", + "hfe=50\n", + "hoe=24*10**-6\n", + "rL=10*10**3\n", + "RS=1*10**3\n", + "hic=hie\n", + "hrc=1-hre\n", + "hfc=-(1+hfe)\n", + "Ai=hfc/(1+hoe*rL)\n", + "print \"Ai=%0.2f\"%Ai\n", + "Ri=hie+hrc*-Ai*rL\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri*10**-3)\n", + "Av=(-Ai*rL)/Ri\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap21_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap21_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..56603bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap21_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,495 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 21 : MULTISTAGE BJT AMPLIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.1 Pg 565" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=8000.00\n", + "GV=78.06 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "Av1=10#\n", + "Av2=20#\n", + "Av3=40#\n", + "Av=Av1*Av2*Av3#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "GV1=20*log10(Av1)#\n", + "GV2=20*log10(Av2)#\n", + "GV3=20*log10(Av3)#\n", + "GV=GV1+GV2+GV3##CORRECTION\n", + "print 'GV=%0.2f dB'%GV" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.2 Pg 565" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=3000.00\n", + "Av3=10.00\n", + "Av2=15.00\n", + "vin2=1.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "vin1=0.05#\n", + "vout3=150#\n", + "Av1=20#\n", + "vin3=15#\n", + "Av=vout3/vin1#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Av3=vout3/vin3#\n", + "print \"Av3=%0.2f\"%Av3\n", + "Av2=Av/(Av3*Av1)#\n", + "print \"Av2=%0.2f\"%Av2\n", + "vin2=Av2/vin3#\n", + "print 'vin2=%0.2f V'%vin2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.3 Pg 566" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ri1=2750.00 ohm\n", + "Ri2=2750.00 ohm\n", + "Ro1=1774.19 ohm\n", + "Ro2=3333.33 ohm\n", + "Av1=64.52\n", + "Av2=121.21\n", + "Av=7820.14\n", + "Gv=77.86 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "Rc=5*10**3#\n", + "RB=1*10**6#\n", + "RE=1*10**3#\n", + "RL=10*10**3#\n", + "B1=100#\n", + "B2=100#\n", + "B=B1#\n", + "IE=VCC/(RE+(RB/B1))#\n", + "re=25/(IE*10**3)#\n", + "Ri1=B*re#\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f ohm'%Ri1\n", + "Ri2=B*re#\n", + "print 'Ri2=%0.2f ohm'%Ri2\n", + "Ro1=(Rc*Ri2)/(Rc+Ri2)#\n", + "print 'Ro1=%0.2f ohm'%Ro1\n", + "Ro2=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL)#\n", + "print 'Ro2=%0.2f ohm'%Ro2\n", + "Av1=Ro1/re#\n", + "print \"Av1=%0.2f\"%Av1\n", + "Av2=Ro2/re#\n", + "print \"Av2=%0.2f\"%Av2\n", + "Av=Av1*Av2#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Gv=20*log10(Av)#\n", + "print 'Gv=%0.2f dB'%Gv" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.4 Pg 567" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ri1=1165.73 ohm\n", + "Ro1=861.43 ohm\n", + "Ro2=2481.20 ohm\n", + "Av1=73.90\n", + "Av2=212.85\n", + "Av=15728.47\n", + "Gv=83.93 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "VCC=15#\n", + "Rc=3.3*10**3#\n", + "RE=1000#\n", + "R1=33*10**3#\n", + "R2=8.2*10**3#\n", + "RL=10*10**3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "VTH=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n", + "RTH=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "IE=(VTH-VBE)/(RE+(RTH/B))#\n", + "re=25/(IE*10**3)#\n", + "Ri2=B*re#\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f ohm'%Ri2 #the answer of Ri2 varies from the answer printed in the book with slight difference(11.7 in book & 11.65 here),but this affects some answers further.\n", + "Ro1=(Rc*Ri2)/(Rc+Ri2)#\n", + "print 'Ro1=%0.2f ohm'%Ro1 \n", + "Ro2=(Rc*RL)/(Rc+RL)#\n", + "print 'Ro2=%0.2f ohm'%Ro2 \n", + "Av1=Ro1/re#\n", + "print \"Av1=%0.2f\"%Av1\n", + "Av2=Ro2/re#\n", + "print \"Av2=%0.2f\"%Av2\n", + "Av=Av1*Av2#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Gv=20*log10(Av)#\n", + "print 'Gv=%0.2f dB'%Gv" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.5 Pg 568" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f2=500.03 kHZ\n", + "Av=84.85\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "bw=500*10**3#\n", + "Avmax=120#\n", + "f1=25#\n", + "f2=bw+f1#\n", + "print 'f2=%0.2f kHZ'%(f2*10**-3)\n", + "Av=Avmax/(sqrt(2))\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av #ans printed in the book is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.6 Pg 569" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ri1=1296.41 ohm\n", + "Ri2=1296.41 ohm\n", + "Av1=797.79\n", + "Av2=615.38\n", + "Av=490949.75\n", + "Gv=113.82 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "RB=470*10**3#\n", + "RE=1*10**3#\n", + "RL=1*10**3#\n", + "a=4#\n", + "B=50#\n", + "IE=VCC/(RE+(RB/B))#\n", + "re=25/(IE*10**3)#\n", + "Ri1=(RB*(B*re))/(RB+(B*re))#\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f ohm'%Ri1\n", + "Ri2=(RB*(B*re))/(RB+(B*re))#\n", + "print 'Ri2=%0.2f ohm'%Ri2\n", + "RI2=(a**2)*Ri2#\n", + "RO1=RI2#\n", + "RI2=(a**2)*RL#\n", + "Av1=RO1/re#\n", + "print \"Av1=%0.2f\"%Av1\n", + "RO2=RI2#\n", + "Av2=RO2/re#\n", + "print \"Av2=%0.2f\"%Av2\n", + "Av=Av1*Av2#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Gv=20*log10(Av)#\n", + "print 'Gv=%0.2f dB'%Gv" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.7 Pg 570" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av1=4.71\n", + "Av2=4.94\n", + "Av=23.24\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=12#\n", + "R1=100*10**3#\n", + "R2=20*10**3#\n", + "R3=10*10**3#\n", + "R4=2*10**3#\n", + "R5=10*10**3#\n", + "R6=2*10**3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "B2=100#\n", + "VTH=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n", + "IE1=VTH/R4#\n", + "re1=25/IE1*10**-3#\n", + "VR6=VCC-IE1*R3#\n", + "IE2=VR6/R6#\n", + "re2=25/IE2*10**-3#\n", + "Ri2=B2*(re2+R6)#\n", + "R01=(R3*Ri2)/(R3+Ri2)#\n", + "RO2=R5#\n", + "Av1=R01/(re1+R4)#\n", + "print \"Av1=%0.2f\"%Av1\n", + "Av2=RO2/(re2+R6)#\n", + "print \"Av2=%0.2f\"%Av2\n", + "Av=Av1*Av2#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.8 Pg 571" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IC1=07 mA\n", + "VCE1=4.80 V\n", + "VCE2=-6.48 V\n", + "Av1=2.93 \n", + "Av2=1.00 \n", + "Av=2.93 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "R1=800#\n", + "R2=200#\n", + "R3=600#\n", + "R4=200#\n", + "R5=100#\n", + "R6=1*10**3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "B2=B#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "RE=200#\n", + "VR2=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n", + "IE1=(VR2-VBE)/RE#\n", + "IC1=IE1#\n", + "print 'IC1=%02.f mA'%(IC1*10**3)\n", + "VC1=VCC-IC1*R3#\n", + "VE1=IE1*R4#\n", + "VCE1=VC1-VE1#\n", + "print 'VCE1=%0.2f V'%VCE1\n", + "VE2=VC1-(-VBE)#\n", + "IE2=(VCC-VE2)/R6#\n", + "IC2=IE2#\n", + "VC2=IC2*R5#\n", + "VCE2=VC2-VE2#\n", + "print 'VCE2=%0.2f V'%VCE2\n", + "re1=25/IE1*10**-3#\n", + "re2=25/IE2*10**-3#\n", + "Ri2=B2*(re2+R6)#\n", + "R01=(R3*Ri2)/(R3+Ri2)#\n", + "Av1=R01/(re1+R4)#\n", + "print \"Av1=%0.2f \"%Av1\n", + "Av2=1#\n", + "print \"Av2=%0.2f \"%Av2\n", + "Av=Av1*Av2#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f \"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 21.9 Pg 572" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ai=15000.00\n", + "re2=14.42 ohm\n", + "re1=1442.31 ohm\n", + "Ri1=12.00 kohm\n", + "Av=0.98 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "R1=30*10**3#\n", + "R2=20*10**3#\n", + "RE=1.5*10**3#\n", + "B1=150#\n", + "B2=100#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "Ai=B1*B2#\n", + "print \"Ai=%0.2f\"%Ai\n", + "VR2=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n", + "VB2=VR2-VBE#\n", + "VE2=VB2-VBE#\n", + "IE2=VE2/RE#\n", + "re2=25/(IE2*10**3)#\n", + "print 're2=%0.2f ohm'%re2\n", + "Ib2=IE2/B2#\n", + "IE1=Ib2#\n", + "re1=25/(IE1*10**3)#\n", + "print 're1=%0.2f ohm'%re1\n", + "Ri1=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri1*10**-3)\n", + "Av=RE/((re1/B2)+(re2+RE))#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f \"%Av" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap22_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap22_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d28c4e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap22_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,763 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 22 : FET AMPLIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.1 Pg 601" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VS=2.50 V\n", + "VD=5.00 V\n", + "VDS=2.50 V\n", + "VGS=-2.50 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "ID=5*10**-3#\n", + "VDD=10#\n", + "RD=1*10**3#\n", + "RS=500#\n", + "VS=ID*RS#\n", + "print 'VS=%0.2f V'%VS\n", + "VD=VDD-ID*RD#\n", + "print 'VD=%0.2f V'%VD\n", + "VDS=VD-VS#\n", + "print 'VDS=%0.2f V'%VDS\n", + "VGS=-VS#\n", + "print 'VGS=%0.2f V'%VGS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.2 Pg 602" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ID=0.18 mA\n", + "VGS=-0.98 V\n", + "R1=1.50 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "RD=56*10**3#\n", + "RG=1*10**6#\n", + "IDSS=1.5*10**-3#\n", + "VP=-1.5#\n", + "VD=10#\n", + "VDD=20#\n", + "ID=VD/RD#\n", + "print 'ID=%0.2f mA'%(ID*10**3)\n", + "#ID=IDSS*(1-(VGS/VP))**2\n", + "VGS=VP*(1-sqrt(ID/IDSS))#\n", + "print 'VGS=%0.2f V'%VGS\n", + "VS=VGS#\n", + "R1=(-VS/ID)-4*10**3#\n", + "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.3 Pg 603" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RS=933.33 ohm\n", + "RD=5.73 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "ID=1.5*10**-3#\n", + "VDS=10#\n", + "IDSS=5*10**-3#\n", + "VP=-2#\n", + "VDD=20#\n", + "#ID=IDSS*(1-(VGS/VP))**2\n", + "VGS=VP*(1-(ID/IDSS))#\n", + "VS=-VGS#\n", + "RS=(VS/ID)#\n", + "print 'RS=%0.2f ohm'%RS\n", + "RD=((VDD-VDS)/ID)-RS#\n", + "print 'RD=%0.2f kohm'%(RD*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.5 Pg 604" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RS=528.31 ohm\n", + "RD=1.50 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "VP=5#\n", + "IDSS=12*10**-3#\n", + "VDD=12#\n", + "ID=4*10**-3#\n", + "VDS=6#\n", + "VGS=VP*(1-sqrt(ID/IDSS))#\n", + "VS=VGS#\n", + "RS=VS/ID#\n", + "print 'RS=%0.2f ohm'%RS\n", + "RD=VDS/ID#\n", + "print 'RD=%0.2f kohm'%(RD*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.6 Pg 605" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IDQ=5.00 mA\n", + "VDS=10.00 V\n", + "RD=2.00 kohm\n", + "RS=440.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "IDSS=10*10**-3#\n", + "VDD=20#\n", + "IDQ=IDSS/2#\n", + "print 'IDQ=%0.2f mA'%(IDQ*10**3)\n", + "VDSQ=VDD/2#\n", + "print 'VDS=%0.2f V'%VDSQ\n", + "VGS=-2.2#\n", + "RD=(VDD-VDSQ)/IDQ#\n", + "print 'RD=%0.2f kohm'%(RD*10**-3)\n", + "RS=-VGS/IDQ#\n", + "print 'RS=%0.2f ohm'%(RS)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.7 Pg 606" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VGS=-3.78 V\n", + "VDS=4.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VDD=20#\n", + "RD=2.5*10**3#\n", + "RS=1.5*10**3#\n", + "R1=2*10**6#\n", + "R2=250*10**3#\n", + "ID=4*10**-3#\n", + "VG=(R2*VDD)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "VS=ID*RS#\n", + "VGS=VG-VS#\n", + "print 'VGS=%0.2f V'%VGS\n", + "VD=VDD-ID*RD#\n", + "VDS=VD-VS#\n", + "print 'VDS=%0.2f V'%VDS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.8 Pg 607" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=-6.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "gm=4*10**-3#\n", + "RD=1.5*10**3#\n", + "AV=-gm*RD#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%AV" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.9 Pg 608" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "rL=9.80e+03 ohm\n", + "Av=-24.51\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "gm=2.5*10**-3#\n", + "rd=500*10**3#\n", + "RD=10*10**3#\n", + "rL=(RD*rd)/(rd+RD)#\n", + "print 'rL=%0.2e ohm'%rL\n", + "AV=-gm*rL#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%AV" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.10 Pg 608" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=-26.67\n", + "Ri=100.00 Mohm\n", + "Ro=13.33 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "gm=2*10**-3#\n", + "rd=40*10**3#\n", + "RD=20*10**3#\n", + "RG=100*10**6#\n", + "rL=(RD*rd)/(RD+rd)#\n", + "Av=-gm*rL#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Ri=RG#\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f Mohm'%(Ri*10**-6)\n", + "Ro=rL#\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f kohm'%(Ro*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.11 Pg 609" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=-16.67\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g 22.11\n", + "gm=2*10**-3#\n", + "rd=10*10**3#\n", + "RD=50*10**3#\n", + "rl=(rd*RD)/(rd+RD)#\n", + "Av=-gm*rl#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.12 Pg 610" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=-48.89\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "RD=100*10**3#\n", + "gm=1.6*10**-3#\n", + "rd=44*10**3#\n", + "Cgs=3*10**-12#\n", + "Cds=1*10**-12#\n", + "Cgd=2.8*10**-12#\n", + "rl=(RD*rd)/(RD+rd)#\n", + "Av=-gm*rl#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.13 Pg 610" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VO=0.84 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "gm=4500*10**-6#\n", + "RD=3*10**3#\n", + "RL=5*10**3#\n", + "vin=100*10**-3#\n", + "ID=2*10**-3#\n", + "rl=(RD*RL)/(RD+RL)#\n", + "VO=gm*rl*vin#\n", + "print 'VO=%0.2f V'%VO" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.14 Pg 611" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=-2.00\n", + "Av=-1.97\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g 22.14#\n", + "gm=4*10**-3#\n", + "RD=1.5*10**3#\n", + "RG=10*10**6#\n", + "rs=500#\n", + "rl=RD#\n", + "AV=-(gm*rl)/(1+gm*rs)#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%AV\n", + "RL=100*10**3#\n", + "rL=(RD*RL)/(RD+RL)#\n", + "AV=-(gm*rL)/(1+gm*rs)#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%AV" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.15 Pg 612" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=-1.35\n", + "Av=-4.16\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "RD=1.5*10**3#\n", + "RS=750#\n", + "RG=1*10**6#\n", + "IDSS=10*10**-3#\n", + "VP=-3.5#\n", + "IDQ=2.3*10**-3#\n", + "VGSQ=-1.8#\n", + "gmo=-2*IDSS/VP#\n", + "gm=gmo*(1-(VGSQ/VP))#\n", + "rL=RD#\n", + "AV=-(gm*rL)/(1+gm*RS)#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%AV\n", + "AV=-gm*rL#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%AV" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.16 Pg 614" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "AV=0.99\n", + "Ro=125.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "gm=8000*10**-6#\n", + "RS=10*10**3#\n", + "RG=100*10**6#\n", + "(1/gm)#\n", + "AV=RS/(RS+(1/gm))#\n", + "print \"AV=%0.2f\"%AV\n", + "Ri=RG#\n", + "Ro=1/gm#\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f ohm'%Ro" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.17 Pg 616" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "AV=0.96 \n", + "Ri=0.50 Mohm\n", + "Ro=175.44 ohm\n", + "Vo=1.77 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "vin=2*10**-3#\n", + "gm=5500*10**-6#\n", + "R1=1*10**6#\n", + "R2=1*10**6#\n", + "RS=5000#\n", + "RL=2000#\n", + "(1/gm)#\n", + "AV=RS/(RS+(1/gm))#\n", + "print \"AV=%0.2f \"%AV\n", + "Ri=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f Mohm'%(Ri*10**-6)\n", + "Ro=(RS/gm)/(RS+1/gm)#\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f ohm'%Ro\n", + "Vo=(RL/(RL+Ro))*(AV*vin)#\n", + "print 'Vo=%0.2f mV'%(Vo*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.18 Pg 618" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "AV=25.00 \n", + "Ri1=333.33 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "gm=2500*10**-6#\n", + "Ri=2000#\n", + "RD=10000#\n", + "AV=gm*RD#\n", + "print \"AV=%0.2f \"%AV\n", + "Ri1=(Ri/gm)/(Ri+1/gm)#\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f ohm'%Ri1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.19 Pg 618" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ro=333.33 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "gm=2*10**-3#\n", + "rd=50*10**3#\n", + "Rs=1*10**3#\n", + "Ro=(Rs/gm)/(Rs+1/gm)#\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f ohm'%Ro" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 22.20 Pg 619" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ri1=100.00 ohm\n", + "Vs=1.00 V\n", + "Av=3.75 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g 22.20\n", + "gmo=5*10**-3#\n", + "RD=1*10**3#\n", + "Rs=200#\n", + "ID=5*10**-3#\n", + "Ri1=(Rs/gmo)/(Rs+1/gmo)#\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f ohm'%Ri1\n", + "Vs=ID*Rs#\n", + "print 'Vs=%0.2f V'%Vs\n", + "VGS=Vs#\n", + "IDSS=2*ID#\n", + "VGSo=(-2*IDSS)/ID#\n", + "gm=gmo*(1-VGS/-VGSo)#\n", + "Av=gm*RD#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f \"%Av" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap23_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap23_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..34612b3b --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap23_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,628 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter -23 : AMPLIFIERS WITH COMPOUND CONFIGURATION" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.1 Pg 644" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=26.12\n", + "vo=522.35 mV\n", + "Zi=RG=10.00 Mohm\n", + "Z0=RD=2.20 kohm\n", + "VL=428.15 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "ID=4*10**-3#\n", + "IDSS=2*ID#\n", + "RS=390#\n", + "VGSQ=-ID*RS#\n", + "VP=-4.5#\n", + "RD=2.2*10**3#\n", + "gm0=(2*IDSS)/(-VP)#\n", + "gm=gm0*(1-(VGSQ/VP))#\n", + "Av1=-gm*RD#\n", + "Av2=-gm*RD#\n", + "Av=Av1*Av2#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "vi=20*10**-3#\n", + "vo=Av*vi#\n", + "print 'vo=%0.2f mV'%(vo*10**3)\n", + "Zi=10*10**6#\n", + "RG=10*10**6#\n", + "print \"Zi=RG=%0.2f Mohm\"%(Zi*10**-6)\n", + "Z0=2.2*10**3#\n", + "RD=2.2*10**3#\n", + "print \"Z0=RD=%0.2f\"%(Z0*10**-3),'kohm'\n", + "RL=10*10**3#\n", + "VL=(RL/(Z0+RL))*vo#\n", + "print 'VL=%0.2f V'%(VL*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.3 Pg 645" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VB1=10.33 V\n", + "VB2=3.99 V\n", + "AV=189.73\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=18#\n", + "R1=7.5*10**3#\n", + "R2=6.2*10**3#\n", + "R3=3.9*10**3#\n", + "RC=1.5*10**3#\n", + "B1=200#\n", + "B2=200#\n", + "RE=1*10**3#\n", + "CE=100*10**-6#\n", + "VB1=VCC*(R2+R3)/(R1+R2+R3)#\n", + "print 'VB1=%0.2f V'%VB1\n", + "VB2=VCC*(R3)/(R1+R2+R3)#\n", + "print 'VB2=%0.2f V'%VB2\n", + "IE2=(VB2-0.7)/RE#\n", + "IC2=IE2#\n", + "IE1=IC2#\n", + "IE=IE1#\n", + "re1=26*10**-3/IE#\n", + "AV1=-re1/re1#\n", + "AV2=-RC/re1#\n", + "AV=AV1*AV2#\n", + "print \"AV=%0.2f\"%AV ##ans given in book has -ve sign which is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.4 Pg 646" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "BD=25600.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "B1=160#\n", + "B2=160#\n", + "BD=B1*B2#\n", + "print \"BD=%0.2f\"%(BD)#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.5 Pg 647" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "B=77.46\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "BD=6000#\n", + "B1=BD#\n", + "B2=B1#\n", + "B=sqrt(BD)#\n", + "print \"B=%0.2f\"%(B)#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.6 Pg 647" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IB=2.45 microA\n", + "IE=14.73 mA\n", + "VE2=7.51 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vcc=15#\n", + "RB=2.4*10**6#\n", + "BD=6000#\n", + "RE=510#\n", + "Vi=120*10**-3#\n", + "VBE=1.6#\n", + "IB=(Vcc-VBE)/(RB+BD*RE)#\n", + "print 'IB=%0.2f microA'%(IB*10**6)\n", + "IE=BD*IB#\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n", + "IE2=IE\n", + "VE2=IE2*RE#\n", + "print 'VE2=%0.2f V'%VE2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.7 Pg 648" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ri=10.00 Mohm\n", + "Ro=0.10 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hfe=100#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "BD=100**2#\n", + "RE=1*10**3#\n", + "hie=1*10**3#\n", + "ri=10**3#\n", + "Ri=ri+BD*RE#\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f Mohm'%(Ri*10**-6)\n", + "Ro=ri/BD#\n", + "print 'Ro=%0.2f ohm'%Ro" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.8 Pg 649" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vidc=4.83 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=16#\n", + "B1=160#\n", + "B2=200#\n", + "RB=1.5*10**6#\n", + "Vi=120*10**-3#\n", + "VEB1=0.7#\n", + "RC=100#\n", + "IB1=(VCC-VEB1)/(RB+B1*B2*RC)#\n", + "IB2=B1*IB1#\n", + "IC2=B2*IB2#\n", + "IE1=IB2#\n", + "IC=IE1+IC2#\n", + "Vodc=VCC-IC*RC#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "Vidc=Vodc-VBE#\n", + "print 'Vidc=%0.2f V'%Vidc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.9 Pg 650" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ID=6.00 mA\n", + "Vo=6.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VDD=18#\n", + "RD=2*10**3#\n", + "IDSS=6*10**-3#\n", + "VP=-3#\n", + "ID=IDSS#\n", + "print 'ID=%0.2f mA'%(ID*10**3)\n", + "Vo=VDD-ID*RD#\n", + "print 'Vo=%0.2f V'%Vo" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.10 Pg 650" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IE=4.61 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VEE=-18#\n", + "R1=4.3*10**3#\n", + "R2=4.3*10**3#\n", + "RE=1.8*10**3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "VB=-(-VEE*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "VE=VB-0.7\n", + "IE=(VE-(VEE))/RE#\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.11 Pg 651" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I=3.67 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VZ=5.1#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "RE=1.2*10**3#\n", + "B=200#\n", + "I=(VZ-VBE)/RE#\n", + "print 'I=%0.2f mA'%(I*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.12 Pg 652" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I=8.65 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=18#\n", + "Rx=2*10**3#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "Ix=(VCC-VBE)/Rx#\n", + "I=Ix#\n", + "print 'I=%0.2f mA'%(I*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.13 Pg 653" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I=2.30 mA\n", + "I=4.60 mA\n", + "I=1.15 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VC=5#\n", + "Re=2*10**3#\n", + "VCC=6#\n", + "R=2.2*10**3#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "I=(VCC-2*VBE)/Re#\n", + "print 'I=%0.2f mA'%(I*10**3)\n", + "Re=1*10**3#\n", + "I=(VCC-2*VBE)/Re#\n", + "print 'I=%0.2f mA'%(I*10**3)\n", + "Re=4*10**3#\n", + "I=(VCC-2*VBE)/Re#\n", + "print 'I=%0.2f mA'%(I*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.14 Pg 654" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IE=3.67 mA\n", + "IC=1.83 mA\n", + "VC=6.38 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=15#\n", + "VEE=15#\n", + "RE=3.9*10**3#\n", + "RC=4.7*10**3#\n", + "IE=(VEE-0.7)/RE#\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n", + "IC=IE/2#\n", + "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n", + "VC=VCC-IC*RC#\n", + "print 'VC=%0.2f V'%VC" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.15 Pg 655" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IE=0.34 mA\n", + "IC=0.17 mA\n", + "VC=5.84 V\n", + "Av=246.55\n", + "vo1=0.49 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=12#\n", + "VEE=12#\n", + "RE=33*10**3#\n", + "RC1=36*10**3#\n", + "RC2=36*10**3#\n", + "B1=150#\n", + "B2=150#\n", + "vi1=2*10**-3#\n", + "IE=(VEE-0.7)/RE#\n", + "print 'IE=%0.2f mA'%(IE*10**3)\n", + "IC=IE/2#\n", + "print 'IC=%0.2f mA'%(IC*10**3)\n", + "RC=36*10**3#\n", + "VC=VCC-IC*RC#\n", + "print 'VC=%0.2f V'%VC\n", + "re1=25*10**-3/IE#\n", + "Av=RC/(2*re1)#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "vo1=Av*vi1#\n", + "print 'vo1=%0.2f V'%vo1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 23.16 Pg 656" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ac=0.50\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "B=200#\n", + "ri=20*10**3#\n", + "RC=47*10**3#\n", + "RE=43*10**3#\n", + "Ac=(B*RE)/(ri+2*(B+1)*RE)#\n", + "print \"Ac=%0.2f\"%Ac" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap24_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap24_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a313e56d --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap24_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,316 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter -24 : FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF BJT AND JFET AMPLIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 24.1 Pg 685" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "G=13.01 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "Pi=5#\n", + "Po=100#\n", + "G=10*log10(Po/Pi)#\n", + "print 'G=%0.2f dB'%G" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 24.2 Pg 685" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "G=23.01 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "Pi=5*10**-3#\n", + "Po=1#\n", + "G=10*log10(Po/Pi)#\n", + "print 'G=%0.2f dB'%G #ans given in the book is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 24.3 Pg 686" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "G=6.99 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "Pi=20*10**-6#\n", + "Po=100*10**-6#\n", + "G=10*log10(Po/Pi)#\n", + "print 'G=%0.2f dB'%G" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 24.4 Pg 687" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "G=43.98 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "Po=25#\n", + "G=10*log10(Po/(1*10**-3))#\n", + "print 'G=%0.2f dB'%G" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 24.5 Pg 688" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "G=6.02 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "V2=100#\n", + "V1=25#\n", + "G=10*log10(V2/V1)#\n", + "print 'G=%0.2f dB'%G" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + " ## Ex 24.8 Pg 689" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f1=318.31 HZ\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f96c83d7e50>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,pi\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "R=5*10**3#\n", + "C=0.1*10**-6#\n", + "f1=1/(2*pi*R*C)#\n", + "print 'f1=%0.2f HZ'%f1\n", + "i=arange(-21,0,3)\n", + "plot(i)#\n", + "xlabel(\"f (log scale)\")#\n", + "ylabel( \"Av(dB)\")#\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 24.9 Pg 690" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fLS=6.87 HZ\n", + "fLC=25.67 HZ\n", + "fLE=326.85 HZ\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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oXIaG4Jxz7CWSepWhoDGp7yWaMsVeIqlXGQoa1erVcPrpcNRRMG1a0Ut0xRWw115VTyap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\nQmCC\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f96c1c65bd0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,pi\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "RC=4*10**3#\n", + "R1=40*10**3#\n", + "R2=10*10**3#\n", + "RE=2*10**3#\n", + "RS=1*10**3#\n", + "RL=2.2*10**3#\n", + "CS=10*10**-6#\n", + "CE=20*10**-6#\n", + "CC=1*10**-6#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "VCC=20#\n", + "VB=(R2*VCC)/(R2+R1)#\n", + "IE=(VB-0.7)/RE#\n", + "re=(26*10**-3)/IE#\n", + "B*re#\n", + "vo=-(RC*RL)/(RC+RL)#\n", + "Av=vo/re#\n", + "a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "Ri=(a*(B*re))/(a+(B*re))#\n", + "Rs=1*10**3#\n", + "vibyvs=Ri/(Ri+Rs)#\n", + "Avs=Av*vibyvs#\n", + "a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "Ri=(a*(B*re))/(a+(B*re))#\n", + "fLS=1/(2*pi*(Rs+Ri)*CS)#\n", + "print 'fLS=%0.2f HZ'%fLS\n", + "fLC=1/(2*pi*(RC+RL)*CC)#\n", + "print 'fLC=%0.2f HZ'%fLC\n", + "a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "RS=(a*RS)/(a+RS)#\n", + "b=(RS/B+re)#\n", + "Re=(RE*b)/(RE+b)#\n", + "fLE=1/(2*pi*Re*CE)#\n", + "print 'fLE=%0.2f HZ'%fLE\n", + "i=arange(-21,0,3)\n", + "plot(i)#\n", + "xlabel(\"f (log scale)\")#\n", + "ylabel( \"Av(dB)\")#\n", + "show()" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap25_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap25_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cf6ed37c --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap25_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,568 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 25 : LARGE SIGNAL OR POWER AMPLIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.1 Pg 734" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ICsat=8.77 mA\n", + "VCEsat=0.00 V\n", + "ICcutoff= 0\n", + "VCEcutoff=5.26 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "R2=5*10**3#\n", + "RC=1*10**3#\n", + "RE=500#\n", + "RL=1.5*10**3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "VR2=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n", + "IEQ=(VR2-VBE)/RE#\n", + "ICQ=IEQ#\n", + "VCEQ=VCC-ICQ*(RC+RE)#\n", + "rL=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL)#\n", + "ICsat=ICQ+(VCEQ/rL)#\n", + "print 'ICsat=%0.2f mA'%(ICsat*10**3)\n", + "VCEsat=0#\n", + "print \"VCEsat=%0.2f V\"%VCEsat\n", + "ICcutoff=0#\n", + "print \"ICcutoff=\", ICcutoff\n", + "VCEcutoff=VCEQ+ICQ*rL#\n", + "print 'VCEcutoff=%0.2f V'%VCEcutoff" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.2 Pg 734" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "PP=9.61 V\n", + "PP=20.72 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VCC=20#\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "R2=1.8*10**3#\n", + "RC=620#\n", + "RE=200#\n", + "RL=1.2*10**3#\n", + "hfe=180#\n", + "VB=VCC*(R2/(R1+R2))#\n", + "VBE=0.7#\n", + "VE=VB-VBE#\n", + "IE=VE/RE#\n", + "IC=IE#\n", + "VCE=VCC-IE*(RC+RE)#\n", + "ICQ=IC#\n", + "VCEQ=VCE#\n", + "rL=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL)#\n", + "PP=2*ICQ*rL#\n", + "print 'PP=%0.2f V'%PP\n", + "PP=2*VCEQ#\n", + "print 'PP=%0.2f V'%PP" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.3 Pg 735" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ap=1375.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "re=8#\n", + "RC=220#\n", + "RE=47#\n", + "R1=4.7*10**3#\n", + "R2=470#\n", + "B=50#\n", + "rL=RC#\n", + "AV=rL/re#\n", + "Ai=B#\n", + "Ap=AV*Ai#\n", + "print \"Ap=%0.2f\" %Ap" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.4 Pg 736" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ne=25.00 %\n", + "power rating of transistor=20W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Ptrdc=20#\n", + "Poac=5#\n", + "ne=(Poac/Ptrdc)#\n", + "print 'ne=%0.2f %%'%(ne*100)\n", + "print \"power rating of transistor=20W\"#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.5 Pg 737" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "poac=4.71 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "pcdc=10#\n", + "nc=0.32#\n", + "poac=pcdc*nc/(1-nc)#\n", + "print 'poac=%0.2f W'%poac" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.6 Pg 738" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ptrdc=7.00 W\n", + "Pcdc=3.50 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "nc=0.5#\n", + "VCC=24#\n", + "Poac=3.5#\n", + "Ptrdc=Poac/nc#\n", + "print 'Ptrdc=%0.2f W'%Ptrdc\n", + "Pcdc=Ptrdc-Poac#\n", + "print 'Pcdc=%0.2f W'%Pcdc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.7 Pg 739" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Pindc=12.00 W\n", + "PRLdc=5.76 W\n", + "Poac=0.72 W\n", + "Ptrdc=6.24 W\n", + "Pcdc=5.52 W\n", + "no=6.00 %\n", + "no=11.54 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "VCC=20#\n", + "VCEQ=10#\n", + "ICQ=600*10**-3#\n", + "RL=16#\n", + "IP=300*10**-3#\n", + "Pindc=VCC*ICQ#\n", + "print 'Pindc=%0.2f W'%Pindc\n", + "PRLdc=ICQ**2*RL#\n", + "print 'PRLdc=%0.2f W'%PRLdc\n", + "I=IP/sqrt(2)#\n", + "Poac=I**2*RL#\n", + "print 'Poac=%0.2f W'%Poac\n", + "Ptrdc=Pindc-PRLdc#\n", + "print 'Ptrdc=%0.2f W'%Ptrdc\n", + "Pcdc=Ptrdc-Poac#\n", + "print 'Pcdc=%0.2f W'%Pcdc\n", + "no=Poac/Pindc#\n", + "print 'no=%0.2f %%'%(no*100)\n", + "no=Poac/Ptrdc#\n", + "print 'no=%0.2f %%'%(no*100)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.8 Pg 740" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RL1=1.80 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "a=15#\n", + "RL=8#\n", + "RL1=a**2*RL#\n", + "print 'RL1=%0.2f kohm'%(RL1*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.9 Pg 741" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a=25.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "RL=16#\n", + "RL1=10*10**3#\n", + "a=sqrt(RL1/RL)#\n", + "print \"a=%0.2f\"%a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.10 Pg 742" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Poac=100.00 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "RL=8#\n", + "a=10#\n", + "ICQ=500*10**-3#\n", + "RL=a**2*RL#\n", + "Poac=(1/2)*ICQ**2*RL#\n", + "print 'Poac=%0.2f W'%Poac" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.11 Pg 742" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Poac=50.00 mW\n", + "ICQ=0.01 A\n", + "a=7.9\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "Ptrdc=100*10**-3#\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "RL=16#\n", + "no=0.5#\n", + "Poac=no*Ptrdc#\n", + "print 'Poac=%0.2f mW'%(Poac*10**3)\n", + "ICQ=2*Poac/VCC#\n", + "print 'ICQ=%0.2f A'%ICQ\n", + "RL1=VCC/ICQ#\n", + "a=sqrt(RL1/RL)#\n", + "print \"a=%0.1f\"%a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.12 Pg 743" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Poac=5.00 mW\n", + "a=7.07\n", + "P=250.00 mW\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "VCC=10#\n", + "IP=50*10**-3#\n", + "RL=4#\n", + "I=IP/sqrt(2)#\n", + "Poac=I**2*RL#\n", + "print 'Poac=%0.2f mW'%(Poac*10**3)\n", + "ICQ=IP#\n", + "RL1=VCC/ICQ#\n", + "a=sqrt(RL1/RL)#\n", + "print \"a=%0.2f\"%a\n", + "V1=VCC#\n", + "V2=V1/a#\n", + "I2p=V2/RL#\n", + "I2=I2p/sqrt(2)#\n", + "P=(I2**2)*RL#\n", + "print 'P=%0.2f mW'%(P*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.13 Pg 744" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "P=16.00 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "RL=8#\n", + "VP=16#\n", + "P=(VP**2)/(2*RL)#\n", + "print 'P=%0.2f W'%P" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 25.14 Pg 745" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Pindc=12.50 W\n", + "Poac=7.50 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "no=0.6#\n", + "Pcdc=2.5#\n", + "#Poac=Pindc*no#\n", + "#Pindc=2*Pcdc+Poac#\n", + "Pindc=(2*Pcdc)/(1-no)#\n", + "print 'Pindc=%0.2f W'%Pindc\n", + "Poac=0.6*Pindc#\n", + "print 'Poac=%0.2f W'%Poac" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap26_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap26_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35554731 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap26_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 26 : TUNED AMPLIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 26.1 Pg 802" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo=1.30 MHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "L=150*10**-6#\n", + "C=100*10**-12#\n", + "fo=0.159/sqrt (L*C)#\n", + "print 'fo=%0.2f MHZ'%(fo*10**-6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 26.2 Pg 803" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo=1.59 MHZ\n", + "Zp=200.00 Kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "L=100*10**-6#\n", + "C=100*10**-12#\n", + "R=5#\n", + "fo=0.159/sqrt (L*C)#\n", + "print 'fo=%0.2f MHZ'%(fo*10**-6)\n", + "Zp=L/(C*R)#\n", + "print 'Zp=%0.2f Kohm'%(Zp*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 26.3 Pg 804" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "BW=10.00 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "fo=1*10**6#\n", + "Qo=100#\n", + "BW=fo/Qo#\n", + "print 'BW=%0.2f kHZ'%(BW*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 26.4 Pg 805" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Qo=160.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "fo=1600*10**3#\n", + "BW=10*10**3#\n", + "Qo=fo/BW#\n", + "print \"Qo=%0.2f\"%(Qo)#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 26.5 Pg 806" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Qo=40.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "fo=2*10**6#\n", + "BW=50*10**3#\n", + "Qo=fo/BW#\n", + "print \"Qo=%0.2f\"%(Qo)#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 26.6 Pg 807" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Zp=57.10 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "fo=455*10**3#\n", + "BW=10*10**3#\n", + "XL=1255#\n", + "Qo=fo/BW#\n", + "R=XL/Qo#\n", + "L=XL/(2*pi*fo)#\n", + "C=1/(XL*2*pi*fo)#\n", + "Zp=L/(C*R)#\n", + "print 'Zp=%0.2f kohm'%(Zp*10**-3)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap27_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap27_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..865701c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap27_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,636 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 27 : FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.1 Pg 819" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av1=9.76 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=400#\n", + "beta=0.1#\n", + "AV1=AV/(1+beta*AV)#\n", + "print \"Av1=%0.2f \"%(AV1)#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.2 Pg 820" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta=0.10\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=1000#\n", + "AV1=10#\n", + "beta=((AV/AV1)-1)/AV#\n", + "print \"beta=%0.2f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.3 Pg 820" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta=0.04\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=100#\n", + "AV1=20#\n", + "beta=((AV/AV1)-1)/AV#\n", + "print \"beta=%0.2f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.4 Pg 820" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=50.00\n", + "beta=0.10\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vo=12.5#\n", + "Vin1=1.5#\n", + "Vin=0.25#\n", + "AV=Vo/Vin#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%(AV)#\n", + "AV1=Vo/Vin1#\n", + "beta=((AV/AV1)-1)/AV#\n", + "print \"beta=%0.2f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.5 Pg 821" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta=4.17e-03\n", + "beta=0.02\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=60#\n", + "AV1=80#\n", + "#80=AV/(1-BETA*AV)\n", + "beta=((AV1/AV)-1)/AV1#\n", + "print \"beta=%0.2e\"%beta\n", + "beta=1/AV#\n", + "print \"beta=%0.2f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.6 Pg 821" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av=1200.00\n", + "beta=9.17e-03\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV1=100#\n", + "Vin=50*10**-3#\n", + "Vin1=0.6#\n", + "Vo=AV1*Vin1#\n", + "Av=Vo/Vin#\n", + "print \"Av=%0.2f\"%(Av)\n", + "beta=((Av/AV1)-1)/Av#\n", + "print 'beta=%0.2e'%(beta)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.7 Pg 821" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a=0.49 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Av=800#\n", + "B=0.05#\n", + "dAvbyAv=20#\n", + "a=dAvbyAv*(1/(1+B*Av))#\n", + "print 'a=%0.2f %%'%a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.8 Pg 821" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta=0.010\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV1=100#\n", + "A=0.01#\n", + "B=0.2#\n", + "C=B/A#\n", + "AV=AV1*C#\n", + "beta=C/AV#\n", + "print \"beta=%0.3f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.9 Pg 822" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "BW1=1200.00 kHZ\n", + "AV1=16.67 \n", + "beta1=0.04\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=100#\n", + "BW=200*10**3#\n", + "beta=0.05#\n", + "BW1=(1+beta*AV)*BW#\n", + "print 'BW1=%0.2f kHZ'%(BW1*10**-3)\n", + "AV1=AV/(1+beta*AV)#\n", + "print \"AV1=%0.2f \"%(AV1)#\n", + "#1*10**6=(1+beta1*AV)*BW#\n", + "beta1=(((1*10**6)/(200*10**3))-1)/100#\n", + "print \"beta1=%0.2f\"%beta1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.10 Pg 822" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta=0.01\n", + "BW1=40.00 MHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=1500#\n", + "BW=4*10**6#\n", + "AV1=150#\n", + "beta=((1500/150)-1)/1500#\n", + "print \"beta=%0.2f\"%beta\n", + "BW1=(1+beta*AV)*BW#\n", + "print 'BW1=%0.2f MHZ'%(BW1*10**-6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.11 Pg 822" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ri=13.44 kohm\n", + "FC1=468.75 HZ \n", + "FC2=1604800.00 HZ \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Rin=4.2*10**3#\n", + "AV=220#\n", + "beta=0.01#\n", + "Ri=(1+beta*AV)*Rin#\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri*10**-3)\n", + "F1=1.5*10**3#\n", + "FC1=F1/(1+beta*AV)#\n", + "print 'FC1=%0.2f HZ '%FC1\n", + "F2=501.5*10**3#\n", + "FC2=(1+beta*AV)*F2#\n", + "print 'FC2=%0.2f HZ '%FC2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.12 Pg 822" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Av1=90.91\n", + "fl1=4.55 HZ\n", + "fu2=2.20 MHZ\n", + "D1=0.45 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=1000#\n", + "f1=50#\n", + "f2=200*10**3#\n", + "D=0.05#\n", + "beta=0.01#\n", + "AV1=AV/(1+beta*AV)#\n", + "print \"Av1=%0.2f\"%AV1\n", + "fl1=f1/(1+beta*AV)#\n", + "print 'fl1=%0.2f HZ'%(fl1)\n", + "fu2=(1+beta*AV)*f2#\n", + "print 'fu2=%0.2f MHZ'%(fu2*10**-6)\n", + "D1=D/(1+beta*AV)#\n", + "print 'D1=%0.2f %%'%(D1*100)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.13 Pg 823" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta=0.04 \n", + "AV1=20.00 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=100#\n", + "RDN=0.8#\n", + "#0.8=1-(1/(1+beta*AV))#\n", + "beta=((1/0.2)-1)/100#\n", + "print \"beta=%0.2f \"%beta\n", + "AV1=AV/(1+beta*AV)#\n", + "print \"AV1=%0.2f \"%AV1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.14 Pg 823" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "AV1=14.29 \n", + "Ri1=31.50 kohm\n", + "Ri1=2.38 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "AV=300#\n", + "Ri=1.5*10**3#\n", + "R0=50*10**3#\n", + "b=1/15#\n", + "AV1=AV/(1+b*AV)#\n", + "print \"AV1=%0.2f \"%AV1\n", + "Ri1=(1+b*AV)*Ri##input resistance\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri1*10**-3)\n", + "Ri1=R0/(1+b*AV)##output resistance\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri1*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.15 Pg 823" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "AV=23.50\n", + "Ri=1341.85 ohm\n", + "AV1=3.92\n", + "Ri1=8051.12 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hfe=100#\n", + "hie=2*10**3#\n", + "Rc=470#\n", + "Re1=100#\n", + "Re2=100#\n", + "R1=15000#\n", + "R2=5600#\n", + "AV=(hfe*Rc)/hie#\n", + "print \"AV=%0.2f\"%(AV)\n", + "a=((R1*R2)/(R1+R2))#\n", + "Ri=(a*hie)/(a+hie)#\n", + "print 'Ri=%0.2f ohm'%Ri\n", + "b=Re1/Rc#\n", + "AV1=AV/(1+b*AV)#\n", + "print \"AV1=%0.2f\"%(AV1)\n", + "Ri1=Ri*(1+b*AV)#\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f ohm'%Ri1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 27.16 Pg 823" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "R01=1.68 kohm\n", + "R02=2.95 kohm\n", + "Ri1=308.99 kohm\n", + "RO2=19.07 ohm\n", + "AV1=78.49\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "hfe=99#\n", + "hie=2*10**3#\n", + "hie1=2000#\n", + "hie2=2000#\n", + "Rc=22*10**3#\n", + "R4=100#\n", + "R1=220*10**3#\n", + "R2=22*10**3#\n", + "RC1=4.7*10**3#\n", + "R3=7.8*10**3#\n", + "Ri=hie#\n", + "a=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)#\n", + "b=(a*Rc)/(a+Rc)#\n", + "R01=(b*hie1)/(b+hie1)\n", + "print 'R01=%0.2f kohm'%(R01*10**-3)\n", + "Ri2=hie#\n", + "C=(R3+R4)#\n", + "R02=(RC1*C)/(RC1+C)\n", + "print 'R02=%0.2f kohm'%(R02*10**-3)\n", + "AV1=hfe*R01/hie#\n", + "AV2=hfe*R02/hie#\n", + "AV=AV1*AV2#\n", + "bta=R4/(R3+R4)#\n", + "Ri1=Ri*(1+bta*AV)#\n", + "print 'Ri1=%0.2f kohm'%(Ri1*10**-3)\n", + "RO2=R02/(1+bta*AV)#\n", + "print 'RO2=%0.2f ohm'%RO2\n", + "AV1=AV/(1+bta*AV)#\n", + "print \"AV1=%0.2f\"%AV1" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap28_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap28_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dea0e081 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap28_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,509 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 28 : SINUSOIDAL OSCILLATORS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.1 Pg 838" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "L=0.03 H\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "fo=22*10**3##\n", + "C=2*10**-9#\n", + "L=((0.159/fo)**2)/C#\n", + "print \"L=%0.2f H\"%L" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.2 Pg 838" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo1=3.11 MHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "fo=2.2*10**6#\n", + "#fo1=(sqrt(2))/sqrt(C)#\n", + "fo1=sqrt(2)*fo#\n", + "print 'fo1=%0.2f MHZ'%(fo1*10**-6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.3 Pg 839" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo=2.91 MHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "C=100*10**-12#\n", + "L1=30*10**-6#\n", + "L2=1*10**-8#\n", + "fo=1/(2*pi*sqrt((L1+L2)*C))#\n", + "print 'fo=%0.2f MHZ'%(fo*10**-6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.4 Pg 839" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo=1.05 MHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "L1=1000*10**-6#\n", + "L2=100*10**-6#\n", + "M=20*10**-6#\n", + "C=20*10**-12#\n", + "fo=1/(2*pi*sqrt((L1+L2+2*M)*C))#\n", + "print 'fo=%0.2f MHZ'%(fo*10**-6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.5 Pg 840" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo=73.05 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "C=1*10**-9#\n", + "L1=4.7*10**-3#\n", + "L2=47*10**-6#\n", + "fo=1/(2*pi*sqrt((L1+L2)*C))#\n", + "print 'fo=%0.2f kHZ'%(fo*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.6 Pg 840" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "C=13.89 pF\n", + "C=2.98 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "L1=2*10**-3#\n", + "L2=20*10**-6#\n", + "fo=950*10**3#\n", + "C=1/(4*pi**2*(L1+L2)*fo**2)#\n", + "print 'C=%0.2f pF'%(C*10**12)\n", + "fo=2050*10**3#\n", + "C=1/(4*pi**2*(L1+L2)*fo**2)#\n", + "print 'C=%0.2f pF'%(C*10**12)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.7 Pg 840" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "C=11.53 pF\n", + "AV=10.00 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "L1=0.1*10**-3#\n", + "L2=10*10**-6#\n", + "fo=4110*10**3#\n", + "M=20*10**-6#\n", + "C=1/(4*pi**2*(L1+L2+M)*fo**2)#\n", + "print 'C=%0.2f pF'%(C*10**12)\n", + "AV=(L1/L2)#\n", + "print \"AV=%0.2f \"%AV" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.8 Pg 841" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "C=0.01 microF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "#e.g 28.8\n", + "fo=100*10**3#\n", + "L=0.5*10**-3#\n", + "C=2/(4*pi**2*L*fo**2)#\n", + "print 'C=%0.2f microF'%(C*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.9 Pg 841" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "AV=10.00 \n", + "fo=2.36 MHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "C1=0.001*10**-6#\n", + "C2=0.01*10**-6#\n", + "L=5*10**-6#\n", + "AV=C2/C1#\n", + "print \"AV=%0.2f \"%(AV)\n", + "C=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2)\n", + "fo=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))#\n", + "print 'fo=%0.2f MHZ'%(fo*10**-6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.10 Pg 841" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo=24.35 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "C1=0.1*10**-6#\n", + "C2=1*10**-6#\n", + "L=470*10**-6#\n", + "C=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2)\n", + "fo=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))#\n", + "print 'fo=%0.2f kHZ'%(fo*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.11 Pg 842" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "L1=284.41 microH\n", + "L2=61.08 microH\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "C1=100*10**-12#\n", + "C2=7500*10**-12#\n", + "f01=950*10**3#\n", + "f02=2050*10**3#\n", + "C=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2)#\n", + "#f01=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))\n", + "L1=1/(4*(pi)**2*C*f01**2)#\n", + "print 'L1=%0.2f microH'%(L1*10**6)\n", + "L2=1/(4*(pi)**2*C*f02**2)#\n", + "print 'L2=%0.2f microH'%(L2*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.13 Pg 842" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo=734.53 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "C1=0.1*10**-6#\n", + "C2=1*10**-6#\n", + "C3=100*10**-12#\n", + "L=470*10**-6#\n", + "C=1/((1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/C3))#\n", + "fo=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))#\n", + "print 'fo=%0.2f kHZ'%(fo*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.14 Pg 843" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fs=1.09 MHZ\n", + "Q=409.67\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "L=0.33#\n", + "C1=0.065*10**-12#\n", + "C2=1*10**-12#\n", + "R=5.5*10**3#\n", + "fs=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C1))#\n", + "print 'fs=%0.2f MHZ'%(fs*10**-6)\n", + "Q=(2*pi*fs*L)/R#\n", + "print \"Q=%0.2f\"%(Q)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 28.15 Pg 843" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fs=0.63 MHZ\n", + "fp=0.65 MHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "L=0.8#\n", + "C1=0.08*10**-12#\n", + "C2=1*10**-12#\n", + "R=5*10**3#\n", + "fs=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C1))#\n", + "print 'fs=%0.2f MHZ'%(fs*10**-6)\n", + "C=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2)#\n", + "fp=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))#\n", + "print 'fp=%0.2f MHZ'%(fp*10**-6)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap29_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap29_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8536a43b --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap29_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,474 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 29 : NON SINUSOIDAL OSCILLATORS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.1 Pg 861" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f=362.32 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R=20*10**3#\n", + "C=100*10**-12#\n", + "f=1/(1.38*R*C)#\n", + "print 'f=%0.2f kHZ'%(f*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.2 Pg 861" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "T=0.70 ms\n", + "f=1.42 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R1=2*10**3#\n", + "R2=20*10**3#\n", + "C1=0.01*10**-6#\n", + "C2=0.05*10**-6#\n", + "T=0.69*(R1*C1+R2*C2)\n", + "print 'T=%0.2f ms'%(T*10**3)\n", + "f=1/T#\n", + "print 'f=%0.2f kHZ'%(f*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.3 Pg 861" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "C1=144.93 pF\n", + "C2=1304.35 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "T1=1*10**-6#\n", + "f=100*10**3#\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "R2=10*10**3#\n", + "T=1/f#\n", + "C1=T1/(0.69*R1)#\n", + "print 'C1=%0.2f pF'%(C1*10**12)\n", + "T2=T-T1#\n", + "C2=T2/(0.69*R1)#\n", + "print 'C2=%0.2f pF'%(C2*10**12)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.4 Pg 862" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RC1=RC2=RC= RC=3000.00 ohm\n", + "C1=14975.85 pF\n", + "C2=12077.29 pF\n", + "tao1=449.28 microsec\n", + "tao2=362.32 microsec\n", + "tao11=22.46 microsec\n", + "tao12=18.12 microsec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "T2A=310*10**-6#\n", + "T2B=250*10**-6#\n", + "VCC=15#\n", + "IC=5*10**-3#\n", + "hFC=20#\n", + "RC=VCC/IC#\n", + "RC1=RC#\n", + "RC2=RC#\n", + "print \"RC1=RC2=RC=\",'RC=%0.2f ohm'%RC\n", + "hFE=hFC#\n", + "IBsat=IC/hFE#\n", + "IB=2*IBsat#\n", + "R=VCC/IB#\n", + "R1=R#\n", + "R2=R#\n", + "C1=T2A/(0.69*R1)#\n", + "print 'C1=%0.2f pF'%(C1*10**12)\n", + "C2=T2B/(0.69*R2)#\n", + "print 'C2=%0.2f pF'%(C2*10**12)\n", + "tao1=R1*C1#\n", + "print 'tao1=%0.2f microsec'%(tao1*10**6)\n", + "tao2=R2*C2#\n", + "print 'tao2=%0.2f microsec'%(tao2*10**6)\n", + "tao11=RC1*C1/2#\n", + "print 'tao11=%0.2f microsec'%(tao11*10**6)\n", + "tao12=RC2*C2/2#\n", + "print 'tao12=%0.2f microsec'%(tao12*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.5 Pg 862" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "T=50.00 microsec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "f=20*10**3#\n", + "T=1/f#\n", + "print 'T=%0.2f microsec'%(T*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.6 Pg 862" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "T=10.00 us\n", + "tp=0.10 us\n", + "R3=7.25 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "f=100*10**(-3)#\n", + "T=(1/f)#\n", + "print 'T=%0.2f us'%(T)\n", + "tp=(1/T)#\n", + "print 'tp=%0.2f us'%tp\n", + "C1=0.001*10**(-6)#\n", + "R3=((5*10**(-6))/(0.69*C1))#\n", + "print 'R3=%0.2f kohm'%(R3*10**(-3))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.7 Pg 863" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "T=13.80 microsec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "RC=2*10**3#\n", + "R3=20*10**3#\n", + "rbb=200#\n", + "C1=1000*10**-12#\n", + "T=0.69*C1*R3#\n", + "print 'T=%0.2f microsec'%(T*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.8 Pg 864" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "tp=24.20 microS\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R1=2.2*10**3#\n", + "C1=0.01*10**-6#\n", + "tp=1.1*R1*C1#\n", + "print 'tp=%0.2f microS'%(tp*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.9 Pg 864" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "R1=9.09 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "tp=10*10**-6#\n", + "c=1000*10**-12#\n", + "R1=tp/(1.1*c)#\n", + "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)\n", + "#t=(0:0.1:5*pi)'#\n", + "#plot2d1('onn',t,[squarewave(t,60)])#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.10 Pg 865" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "t2=3.29 microS\n", + "t1=8.05 microS\n", + "dc=70.99 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R1=6.8*10**3#\n", + "R2=4.7*10**3#\n", + "C1=1000*10**-12#\n", + "t2=0.7*R2*C1#\n", + "print 't2=%0.2f microS'%(t2*10**6)\n", + "t1=0.7*(R1+R2)*C1#\n", + "print 't1=%0.2f microS'%(t1*10**6)\n", + "dc=(t1/(t1+t2))*100#\n", + "print 'dc=%0.2f %%'%dc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.11 Pg 865" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f=1.03 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R1=27*10**3#\n", + "R2=56*10**3#\n", + "C1=0.01*10**-6#\n", + "t2=0.7*R2*C1#\n", + "t1=0.7*(R1+R2)*C1#\n", + "T=t1+t2#\n", + "f=1/T#\n", + "print 'f=%0.2f kHZ'%(f*10**-3)\n", + "#t=(0:0.1:6*pi)'#\n", + "#plot2d1('onn',t,[squarewave(t,60)])#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 29.12 Pg 866" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "R2=5.19 kohm\n", + "R1=2.60 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "f=50*10**3#\n", + "dutyc=0.60#\n", + "C=0.0022*10**-6#\n", + "T=1/f#\n", + "t1=dutyc*T#\n", + "t2=T-t1#\n", + "R2=(t2)/(0.7*C)#\n", + "print 'R2=%0.2f kohm'%(R2*10**-3)\n", + "R1=(t1)/(0.7*C)-R2#\n", + "print 'R1=%0.2f kohm'%(R1*10**-3)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap30_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap30_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9bf4e426 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap30_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 30 : LINEAR WAVE SHAPING CIRCUIT" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 30.2 Pg 886" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "tao=10.00 msec\n", + "vf=3.30 V\n", + "Output=0.30 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import exp\n", + "C=1*10**-6#\n", + "Vi=6#\n", + "R=10*10**3#\n", + "Vo=-3#\n", + "t=8*10**-3#\n", + "tao=R*C#\n", + "print 'tao=%0.2f msec'%(tao*10**3)\n", + "vf=6*(1-exp(-8/10))#\n", + "print 'vf=%0.2f V'%vf\n", + "output=vf-3.0#\n", + "print 'Output=%0.2f V'%output" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 30.3 Pg 886" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "vc=0.30 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import exp\n", + "t=0.1#\n", + "tao=0.2#\n", + "vc=0.5*exp(-t/tao)#\n", + "print 'vc=%0.2f V'%vc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 30.4 Pg 887" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "vp=10.00 kV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "tao=250*10**-12#\n", + "v=50#\n", + "a=v/tao#\n", + "t=0.05*10**-6#\n", + "vp=a*t#\n", + "print 'vp=%0.2f kV'%(vp*10**-3)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap31_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap31_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..725b5278 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap31_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 31 : TIME BASE CIRCUIT" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 31.1 Pg 901" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f=29.66 HZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "R=100*10**3#\n", + "C=0.4*10**-6#\n", + "n=0.57#\n", + "f=1/(2.3*R*C*log10(1/(1-n)))#\n", + "print 'f=%0.2f HZ'%f" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 31.2 Pg 901" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "T=0.24 msec\n", + "f=4138.65 HZ\n", + "R=413.87 kohm\n", + "R=41.39 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "n=0.62#\n", + "R=5*10**3#\n", + "C=0.05*10**-6#\n", + "T=2.3*R*C*log10(1/(1-n))\n", + "print 'T=%0.2f msec'%(T*10**3)\n", + "f=1/T#\n", + "print 'f=%0.2f HZ'%f\n", + "f1=50#\n", + "T1=1/f1#\n", + "R=T1/(2.3*C*log10(1/(1-n)))#\n", + "print 'R=%0.2f kohm'%(R*10**-3)\n", + "C=0.5*10**-6#\n", + "R=T1/(2.3*C*log10(1/(1-n)))#\n", + "print 'R=%0.2f kohm'%(R*10**-3)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap32_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap32_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..62602e6d --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap32_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,426 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 32 : OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.1 Pg 919" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "CMRR=89.99 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log10\n", + "Adm=200000#\n", + "Acm=6.33#\n", + "CMRR=20*log10(Adm/Acm)#\n", + "print 'CMRR=%0.2f dB'%CMRR" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.2 Pg 919" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Acm=0.95 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Adm=30000#\n", + "#CMRR=20*log10(Adm/Acm)#\n", + "a=90/20#\n", + "Acm=(Adm/10**a)#\n", + "print \"Acm=%0.2f \"%(Acm)#" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.3 Pg 919" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fmax=795.77 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "#e.g 32.3\n", + "SR=0.5*10**6#\n", + "Vpk=0.1#\n", + "fmax=SR/(2*pi*Vpk)#\n", + "print 'fmax=%0.2f kHZ'%(fmax*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.4 Pg 920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fmax=7957.75 HZ\n", + "fmax=206.90 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "Vpk=10#\n", + "slewrate=0.5*10**6#\n", + "fmax=slewrate/(2*pi*Vpk)#\n", + "print 'fmax=%0.2f HZ'%fmax #value of microamp 741\n", + "slewrate=13*10**6#\n", + "fmax=slewrate/(2*pi*Vpk)#\n", + "print 'fmax=%0.2f kHZ'%(fmax*10**-3) #TLO 81\n", + "#value of microamp 741 is much lower than that of the input signal.And value of TLO81 is much higher than input signal,therefore TLO81 can be used" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.5 Pg 920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vin=40.00 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "ACL=200#\n", + "Vout=8#\n", + "Vin=Vout/ACL#\n", + "print 'Vin=%0.2f mV'%(Vin*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.8 Pg 920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "V0=2.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R1=1*10**3#\n", + "R2=2*10**3#\n", + "Vi=1#\n", + "Acl=R2/R1#\n", + "V0=Acl*Vi#\n", + "print 'V0=%0.2f V'%V0" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.9 Pg 921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Acl=10.00\n", + "Zin=10.00 kohm\n", + "Zout=80.00 ohm\n", + "CMRR=10000.00 \n", + "fmax=15.92 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "Acm=0.001#\n", + "Aol=180000#\n", + "Zin=1*10**6#\n", + "Zout=80#\n", + "SR=0.5#\n", + "R2=100*10**3#\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "Acl=R2/R1#\n", + "print \"Acl=%0.2f\"%Acl\n", + "Zin=R1#\n", + "print 'Zin=%0.2f kohm'%(Zin*10**-3)\n", + "print 'Zout=%0.2f ohm'%Zout\n", + "CMRR=Acl/Acm#\n", + "print \"CMRR=%0.2f \"%CMRR\n", + "Vpk=5#\n", + "fmax=SR/(2*pi*Vpk)#\n", + "print 'fmax=%0.2f kHZ'%(fmax*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.10 Pg 921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Acl=11.00\n", + "CMRR=11000.00\n", + "fmax=14.47 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "R2=100*10**3#\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "Acl=1+(R2/R1)#\n", + "Acm=0.001#\n", + "print \"Acl=%0.2f\"%Acl\n", + "CMRR=Acl/Acm#\n", + "print \"CMRR=%0.2f\"%CMRR\n", + "SR=0.5#\n", + "Vpk=5.5#\n", + "fmax=SR/(2*pi*Vpk)#\n", + "print 'fmax=%0.2f kHZ'%(fmax*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.11 Pg 922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "CMRR=1000.00\n", + "fmax=26.53 kHZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Acm=0.001#\n", + "AOL=180000#\n", + "Zin=1*10**6#\n", + "Zout=80#\n", + "SR=0.5#\n", + "Acl=1#\n", + "CMRR=Acl/Acm#\n", + "print \"CMRR=%0.2f\"% CMRR\n", + "Vpk=3#\n", + "fmax=SR/(2*pi*Vpk)\n", + "print 'fmax=%0.2f kHZ'%(fmax*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.12 Pg 922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vout=-3.52 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "V1= 0.1#\n", + "V2=1#\n", + "V3=0.5#\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "R2=10*10**3#\n", + "R3=10*10**3#\n", + "R4=22*10**3#\n", + "Vout=((-R4*V1)/R1)+((-R4*V2)/R2)+((-R4*V3)/R3)#\n", + "print 'Vout=%0.2f V'%Vout" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 32.14 Pg 922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vout=4.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "V1=-2#\n", + "V2=2#\n", + "V3=-1#\n", + "R1=200*10**3#\n", + "R2=250*10**3#\n", + "R3=500*10**3#\n", + "Rf=1*10**6#\n", + "Vout=(-Rf/R1)*V1+(-Rf/R2)*V2+(-Rf/R3)*V3#\n", + "print 'Vout=%0.2f V'%Vout" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap33_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap33_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..51b66e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap33_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 33 : OP AMP APPLICATION" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 33.1 Pg 935" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "C=1.00e-08 microF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "R1=1*10**3#\n", + "R2=100*10**3#\n", + "Rf=R2#\n", + "f1=159#\n", + "C=1/(2*pi*R2*f1)#\n", + "print 'C=%0.2e microF'%C" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 33.2 Pg 935" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f=31.21 HZ\n", + "fmin=312.07 HZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "R1=1*10**3#\n", + "Rf=51*10**3#\n", + "Cf=0.1*10**-6#\n", + "f=1/(2*pi*Rf*Cf)#\n", + "print 'f=%0.2f HZ'%f #ans given in book is wrong\n", + "fmin=10*f#\n", + "print 'fmin=%0.2f HZ'%fmin" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 33.3 Pg 935" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f=1591.55 HZ\n", + "fmin=159.15 HZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "R1=10*10**3#\n", + "Cf=0.01*10**-6#\n", + "f=1/(2*pi*R1*Cf)#\n", + "print 'f=%0.2f HZ'%f #ans given in book is wrong\n", + "fmin=f/10#\n", + "print 'fmin=%0.2f HZ'%fmin" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 33.4 Pg 936" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f0=3120.69 HZ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "R=51*10**3#\n", + "C=0.001*10**-6#\n", + "f0=1/(2*pi*R*C)#\n", + "print 'f0=%0.2f HZ'%f0" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap34_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap34_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..16a4ff5c --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap34_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,859 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 34 : REUGULATED POWER SUPPLIES " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.1 Pg 955" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "LR=20.00 microV/V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VL=100*10**-6#\n", + "VS=5#\n", + "LR=VL/VS#\n", + "print 'LR=%0.2f microV/V'%(LR*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.2 Pg 955" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VL=14.00 microV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "LR=1.4*10**-6#\n", + "VS=10#\n", + "#LR=VL/VS#\n", + "VL=LR*VS\n", + "print 'VL=%0.2f microV'%(VL*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.3 Pg 956" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "LR=125.00 microV/mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "IL=40*10**-3#\n", + "VNL=8#\n", + "VFL=7.995#\n", + "LR=(VNL-VFL)/IL#\n", + "print 'LR=%0.2f microV/mA'%(LR*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.4 Pg 956" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VFL=5.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VNL=5#\n", + "IL=20*10**-3#\n", + "LR=10*10**-6#\n", + "#LR=(VNL-VFL)/IL#\n", + "VFL=VNL-IL*LR#\n", + "print 'VFL=%0.2f'%VFL" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.5 Pg 957" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VAR=0.20 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g 34.5\n", + "V0=10#\n", + "R=0.00002\n", + "VAR=V0*R#\n", + "print 'VAR=%0.2f mV'%(VAR*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.6 Pg 957" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "vl=12.00 V\n", + "Vd=18.00 V\n", + "Iz=0.05 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g 34.6\n", + "vs=30#\n", + "rs=240#\n", + "vz=12#\n", + "rl=500#\n", + "vl=vz#\n", + "print 'vl=%0.2f V'%vl\n", + "Is=(vs-vz)/rs\n", + "Vd=Is*rs#\n", + "print 'Vd=%0.2f V'%Vd\n", + "Iz=Is-(vl/rl)\n", + "print 'Iz=%0.2f A'%Iz" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.7 Pg 957" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vomin=5.11 \n", + "Vsmin=5.71 \n", + "Vomax=5.25 \n", + "Vsmax=14.25 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vz=5.1#\n", + "rz=10#\n", + "Izmin=1*10**-3#\n", + "Izmax=15*10**-3#\n", + "Rs=600#\n", + "Vomin=Vz+Izmin*rz#\n", + "print 'Vomin=%0.2f '%Vomin\n", + "Vsmin=Izmin*Rs+Vomin#\n", + "print 'Vsmin=%0.2f '%Vsmin\n", + "Vomax=Vz+Izmax*rz#\n", + "print 'Vomax=%0.2f '%Vomax\n", + "Vsmax=Izmax*Rs+Vomax#\n", + "print 'Vsmax=%0.2f '%Vsmax" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.8 Pg 958" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Is=24.00 mA\n", + "ILmax=21.00 mA\n", + "RLmin=571.43 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vs=24#\n", + "Rs=500#\n", + "Vz=12#\n", + "Izmin=3*10**-3#\n", + "Izmax=90*10**-3#\n", + "rz=0#\n", + "Is=(Vs-Vz)/Rs#\n", + "print 'Is=%0.2f mA'%(Is*10**3)\n", + "ILmax=Is-Izmin#\n", + "print 'ILmax=%0.2f mA'%(ILmax*10**3)\n", + "RLmin=Vz/ILmax#\n", + "print 'RLmin=%0.2f ohm'%(RLmin)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.9 Pg 958" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IL=5.00 mA\n", + "Izmax=25.00 mA\n", + "Izmin=7.00 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vsmin=22#\n", + "Rs=1*10**3#\n", + "Vz=10#\n", + "RL=2*10**3#\n", + "Vsmax=40#\n", + "IL=Vz/RL#\n", + "print 'IL=%0.2f mA'%(IL*10**3)\n", + "Izmax=((Vsmax-Vz)/Rs)-IL#\n", + "print 'Izmax=%0.2f mA'%(Izmax*10**3)\n", + "Izmin=((Vsmin-Vz)/Rs)-IL#\n", + "print 'Izmin=%0.2f mA'%(Izmin*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.10 Pg 958" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rsmax=30.00 ohm\n", + "Pzmx=1.90 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vz=10#\n", + "Vsmin=13#\n", + "Vsmax=16#\n", + "ILmin=10*10**-3#\n", + "ILmax=85*10**-3#\n", + "Izmin=15*10**-3#\n", + "Rsmax=(Vsmin-Vz)/(Izmin+ILmax)#\n", + "print 'Rsmax=%0.2f ohm'%Rsmax\n", + "Izmax=((Vsmax-Vz)/Rsmax)-ILmin#\n", + "Pzmax=Izmax*Vz#\n", + "print 'Pzmx=%0.2f W'%Pzmax" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.11 Pg 959" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rsmax=499.67 ohm\n", + "Rsmin=77.89 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "Vsmin=19.5#\n", + "Vsmax=22.5#\n", + "RL=6*10**3#\n", + "Vz=18#\n", + "Izmin=2*10**-6#\n", + "Pzmax=60*10**-3#\n", + "rz=20#\n", + "Izmax=sqrt(Pzmax/rz)#\n", + "IL=Vz/RL#\n", + "ILmax=IL#\n", + "ILmin=IL#\n", + "Rsmax=(Vsmin-Vz)/(Izmin+ILmax)#\n", + "print 'Rsmax=%0.2f ohm'%Rsmax\n", + "Rsmin=(Vsmax-Vz)/(Izmax+ILmin)#\n", + "print 'Rsmin=%0.2f ohm'%Rsmin" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.12 Pg 959" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Izmin=0.86 mA\n", + "Izmax=2.68 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vsmin=8#\n", + "Vsmax=12#\n", + "Rs=2.2*10**3#\n", + "Vz=5#\n", + "RL=10*10**3#\n", + "Ismin=(Vsmin-Vz)/Rs#\n", + "Ismax=(Vsmax-Vz)/Rs#\n", + "IL=Vz/RL#\n", + "Izmin=Ismin-IL#\n", + "print 'Izmin=%0.2f mA'%(Izmin*10**3)\n", + "Izmax=Ismax-IL#\n", + "print 'Izmax=%0.2f mA'%(Izmax*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.13 Pg 960" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rsmin=83.33 ohm\n", + "Iz=28.00 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VL=5#\n", + "Vz=5#\n", + "IL=20*10**-3#\n", + "Pzmax=500*10**-3#\n", + "Vsmax=15#\n", + "Vsmin=9#\n", + "Izmax=Pzmax/Vz#\n", + "Ismax=IL+Izmax#\n", + "Vz=VL#\n", + "Rsmin=(Vsmax-Vz)/(Izmax+IL)#\n", + "print 'Rsmin=%0.2f ohm'%Rsmin\n", + "ILmax=IL#\n", + "Iz=((Vsmin-Vz)/Rsmin)-ILmax#\n", + "print 'Iz=%0.2f mA'%(Iz*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.14 Pg 960" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ib=233.03 microA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vz=10#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "RL=100#\n", + "Vs=15#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "Rs=33#\n", + "VL=Vz+Vbe#\n", + "IL=VL/RL#\n", + "Is=(Vs-VL)/Rs#\n", + "Ic=Is-IL#\n", + "Ib=Ic/B#\n", + "print 'Ib=%0.2f microA'%(Ib*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.15 Pg 960" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IB=38.00 microA\n", + "Iz=3.68 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vs=15#\n", + "Vz=8.3#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "R=1.8*10**3#\n", + "RL=2*10**3#\n", + "Vbe=0.7#\n", + "VL=Vz-Vbe#\n", + "Vce=Vs-VL#\n", + "IR=(Vs-Vz)/R#\n", + "IL=VL/RL#\n", + "IB=IL/B#\n", + "print 'IB=%0.2f microA'%(IB*10**6) #In question beta is 100 but while solving it is taken as 50 which is wrong\n", + "Iz=IR-IB#\n", + "print 'Iz=%0.2f mA'%(Iz*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.16 Pg 961" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rmax=119.05 ohm\n", + "Izmax=63.00 mA\n", + "Pzmax=0.79 W\n", + "PRmax=0.47 W\n", + "VCEmax=8.00 V\n", + "PDmax=16.00 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "ILmin=0#\n", + "ILmax=2#\n", + "VL=12#\n", + "Vsmin=15#\n", + "Vsmax=20#\n", + "B=100#\n", + "VBE=0.5#\n", + "Vz=12.5#\n", + "Izmin=1*10**-3#\n", + "IBmax=ILmax/B#\n", + "IR=IBmax+Izmin\n", + "Rmax=(Vsmin-Vz)/IR#\n", + "print 'Rmax=%0.2f ohm'%Rmax\n", + "Izmax=(Vsmax-Vz)/Rmax#\n", + "print 'Izmax=%0.2f mA'%(Izmax*10**3)\n", + "Pzmax=Vz*Izmax#\n", + "print 'Pzmax=%0.2f W'%Pzmax\n", + "PRmax=(Vsmax-Vz)*Izmax#\n", + "print 'PRmax=%0.2f W'%PRmax\n", + "VCEmax=Vsmax-VL#\n", + "print 'VCEmax=%0.2f V'%VCEmax\n", + "PDmax=VCEmax*ILmax#\n", + "print 'PDmax=%0.2f W'%PDmax" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.17 Pg 961" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RD=600.00 ohm\n", + "R1=530.00 ohm\n", + "R2=670.00 ohm\n", + "R3=1.51 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VL=12#\n", + "IL=200*10**-3#\n", + "Vs=30#\n", + "Rs=10#\n", + "B1=150#\n", + "Ic1=10*10**-3#\n", + "VBE1=0.7#\n", + "B2=100#\n", + "VBE2=0.7#\n", + "Vz=6#\n", + "Rz=10#\n", + "Iz=20*10**-3#\n", + "ID=10*10**-3#\n", + "I1=10*10**-3#\n", + "RD=(VL-Vz)/ID#\n", + "print 'RD=%0.2f ohm'%RD\n", + "#a=R1/R2#\n", + "a=(VL/(Vz+VBE2))-1#\n", + "Ic2=Ic1#\n", + "IB2=Ic2/B2#\n", + "V2=Vz+VBE2#\n", + "Vz=12#\n", + "R1=(Vz-V2)/I1#\n", + "print 'R1=%0.2f ohm'%R1\n", + "R2=R1/a#\n", + "print 'R2=%0.2f ohm'%R2\n", + "hfe1=B1#\n", + "IB1=(IL+I1+ID)/hfe1#\n", + "I=IB1+Ic2#\n", + "R3=(Vs-(VBE1+VL))/I#\n", + "print 'R3=%0.2f kohm'%(R3*10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.18 Pg 961" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vout=8.20 V\n", + "IE1=8.20 mA\n", + "P1=137.76 mW\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vs=25#\n", + "Vz=15#\n", + "RL=1*10**3#\n", + "VBE2=0.7#\n", + "Vout=(Vz/2)+VBE2#\n", + "print 'Vout=%0.2f V'%Vout\n", + "IL=Vout/RL#\n", + "IE1=IL#\n", + "print 'IE1=%0.2f mA'%(IE1*10**3)\n", + "Vce1=Vs-Vout#\n", + "P1=Vce1*IE1#\n", + "print 'P1=%0.2f mW'%(P1*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.19 Pg 961" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voutmin=1.25 V\n", + "Voutmax=30.16 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "IADJ=100*10**-6#\n", + "Vin=35#\n", + "VREF=1.25#\n", + "R2=0#\n", + "R1=220#\n", + "Voutmin=VREF*(1+(R2/R1))+IADJ*R2#\n", + "print 'Voutmin=%0.2f V'%Voutmin\n", + "R2=5000#\n", + "Voutmax=VREF*(1+(R2/R1))+IADJ*R2#\n", + "print 'Voutmax=%0.2f V'%Voutmax" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.20 Pg 962" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vo=9.77 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R1=220#\n", + "R2=1500#\n", + "Vo=1.25*(1+(R2/R1))#\n", + "print 'Vo=%0.2f V'%Vo #answer given in book is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 34.21 Pg 962" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vo=13.75 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "R1=240#\n", + "R2=2.4*10**3#\n", + "Vo=1.25*(1+(R2/R1))#\n", + "print 'Vo=%0.2f V'%Vo" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap3_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap3_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..abc387fe --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap3_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,859 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 3 : Semiconductors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.1 Pg 59" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "l = 45.6 km\n", + "J = 5.80e+05 A/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt, pi\n", + "R=1000#\n", + "sigma=5.8*10**7#\n", + "d=0.001#\n", + "\n", + "#l is length of the cu wire\n", + "l=R*sigma*pi*(d*d/4)##R=l/(sigma*pi*(d*d/4))\n", + "print \"l = %0.1f km\"%(l*10**-3)\n", + "E=10*10**-3#\n", + "J=sigma*E##current density\n", + "print 'J = %0.2e A/m**2'%J" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.2 Pg 60" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "n = 1.133e+29 /m**3\n", + "J = 1.16e+06 A/m**2\n", + "A = 3.14e-06 m**2\n", + "I = 3.64 A\n", + "V = 6.40e-05 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt, pi\n", + "d=2*10**-3#\n", + "sigma=5.8*10**7#\n", + "mu=0.0032#\n", + "E=20*10**-3#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "n=sigma/(q*mu)##sigma=q*n*mu\n", + "print 'n = %0.3e /m**3'%(n)\n", + "J=sigma*E##current density\n", + "print 'J = %0.2e A/m**2'%J\n", + "A=pi*d*d/4##area of cross-section of wire\n", + "print 'A = %0.2e m**2'%A\n", + "I=J*A##current flowing in the wire\n", + "print 'I = %0.2f A'%I\n", + "V=mu*E##electron drift velocity\n", + "print 'V = %0.2e m/s'%V\n", + "#answer printed in the book is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.3 Pg 61" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma = 6.49e+07 S/m\n", + "mu = 0.700 m**2/vs\n", + "t = 3.980 ps\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "p=1.54*10**-8#\n", + "n=5.8*10**28#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "sigma=1/p##p=1/sigma..conductivity\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2e S/m'%sigma\n", + "mu=sigma/(q*n*10**-2)##mobility\n", + "print 'mu = %0.3f m**2/vs'%mu\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31#\n", + "t=(m*mu)/q##relaxation time\n", + "print 't = %0.3f ps'%(t*1e12)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.4 Pg 62" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma = 2.24 ohm-mu**-1\n", + "sigma1 = 4.32e-04 ohm-m**-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "mun=0.38#\n", + "mup=0.18#\n", + "n=2.5*10**19#\n", + "a=0.13#\n", + "b=0.05#\n", + "n2=1.5*10**16#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "sigma=q*n*(mun+mup)## intrinsic coductivity for germanium\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2f ohm-mu**-1'%sigma\n", + "sigma1=q*n2*(a+b)##intrinsic coductivity for silicon\n", + "print 'sigma1 = %0.2e ohm-m**-1'%sigma1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.5 Pg 62" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "e = 3.27e-04 ohm-m**-1\n", + "h = 1.13e-04 ohm-m**-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "n=1.41*10**16#\n", + "mun=0.145#\n", + "mup=0.05#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "#sigma=q*n*(mun+mup)#\n", + "e=q*n*mun##contribution by electrons\n", + "h=q*n*mup##contribution by holes\n", + "print 'e = %0.2e ohm-m**-1'%e\n", + "print 'h = %0.2e ohm-m**-1'%h" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.6 Pg 63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "R = 125.00 ohm\n", + "rho = 0.025 ohm-m\n", + "n = 1.92e+21 /m**3\n", + "J = 2.00e+05 amp/m**2\n", + "v = 650.00 m/sec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "q=1.60*10**-19#\n", + "l=0.2*10**-3#\n", + "a=0.04*10**-6#\n", + "v=1#\n", + "i=8*10**-3#\n", + "mun=0.13#\n", + "#concentration of free electrons\n", + "R=v/i##resistance\n", + "print 'R = %0.2f ohm'%R\n", + "rho=(R*a)/l#\n", + "print 'rho = %0.3f ohm-m'%rho\n", + "sigma=1/rho##conductivity\n", + "n=sigma/(q*mun)##concentration of free electrons\n", + "print 'n = %0.2e /m**3'%n\n", + "#Drift velocity\n", + "j=i/a#\n", + "print 'J = %0.2e amp/m**2'%j\n", + "v=j/(n*q)#\n", + "print 'v = %0.2f m/sec'%v" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.7 Pg 64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma = 2.13 ohm-m**-1\n", + "n = 2.3e+19 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rho=0.47#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "mun=0.39#\n", + "mup=0.19#\n", + "sigma=1/rho##conductivity of intrinsic semiconductor\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2f ohm-m**-1'%sigma\n", + "n=sigma/(q*(mun+mup))##intrinsic carrier concentration of germanium\n", + "print 'n = %0.1e /m**3'%n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.8 Pg 66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "n = 5.00e+20 /m**3\n", + "SIGMA = 14.40 ohm-m**-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ND=10**21#\n", + "NA=5*10**20#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "mun=0.18#\n", + "ND1=ND-NA##number of free electrons\n", + "print 'n = %0.2e /m**3'%ND1\n", + "SIGMA=ND1*q*mun##conductivity of silicon\n", + "print 'SIGMA = %0.2f ohm-m**-1'%SIGMA" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.9 Pg 66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma = 0.01 (ohm-m)**-1\n", + "ND = 1.74e+17 atoms/m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rho=100.0#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "mun=0.36#\n", + "sigma=1.0/rho#\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2f (ohm-m)**-1'%sigma\n", + "ND= sigma/(q*mun)##donar concentration\n", + "print 'ND = %0.2e atoms/m**3'%ND" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.10 Pg 66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "n = 1.76e+24 electrons/cm**3\n", + "p = 2.64e+24 holes/cm**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ND=2*10**14#\n", + "NA=3*10**14#\n", + "ni=2.3*10**19#\n", + "n=(ni**2)/NA#\n", + "print 'n = %0.2e electrons/cm**3'%n\n", + "p=(ni**2)/ND#\n", + "print 'p = %0.2e holes/cm**3'%p" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.11 Pg 67" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "n = 3750\n", + "p = 4.50e+11\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ND=5*10**8#\n", + "NA=6*10**16#\n", + "ni=1.5*10**10#\n", + "n=(ni**2)/NA##number of electons\n", + "p=(ni**2)/ND##number of holes\n", + "print \"n = %0.f\"%n\n", + "print \"p = %0.2e\"%p" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.12 Pg 67" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma = 1.60 S/m\n", + "l = 1.26 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "d=0.001#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "ND=10**20#\n", + "R=1000#\n", + "mun=0.1#\n", + "n=ND##number of free electrons\n", + "sigma=q*n*mun##conductivity\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2f S/m'%sigma\n", + "a=(1/sigma)*(1/(pi*(0.001**2)/4))\n", + "l=R/a#\n", + "print 'l = %0.2f mm'%(l*10**3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.13 Pg 67" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "p = 3.47e+17 /cm**3\n", + "n = 1.80e+09 /cm**3\n", + "n = 4.80e+14 /cm**3\n", + "p = 4.69e+05 /cm**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "sigma=100#\n", + "rho=0.1#\n", + "ni=1.5*10**10#\n", + "mun=1300#\n", + "mup=500#\n", + "ni1=2.5*10**13#\n", + "mun1=3800#\n", + "mup1=1800#\n", + "q=1.602*10**-19#\n", + "#concentration of p type germanium\n", + "p=sigma/(q*mup1)#\n", + "print 'p = %0.2e /cm**3'%p\n", + "n=(ni1**2)/p#\n", + "print 'n = %0.2e /cm**3'%n\n", + "#concentration of n type silicon\n", + "n=rho/(mun*q)#\n", + "print 'n = %0.2e /cm**3'%n\n", + "p=(ni**2)/n#\n", + "print 'p = %0.2e /cm**3'%p\n", + "# ans in the textbook are wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex3.14 Pg 68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ND = 4.41e+14 /cm**3\n", + "p = 1.42e+12 /cm**3\n", + "sigma = 0.27 (ohm-cm**)-1\n", + "rho = 3.72 ohm-cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "mun=3800#\n", + "mup=1800#\n", + "ni=2.5*10**13#\n", + "Nge=4.41*10**22#\n", + "q=1.602*10**-19#\n", + "ND=Nge/10**8#\n", + "print 'ND = %0.2e /cm**3'%ND\n", + "p=(ni**2)/ND#\n", + "print 'p = %0.2e /cm**3'%p\n", + "n=ND#\n", + "sigma=q*n*mun#\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2f (ohm-cm**)-1'%sigma\n", + "rho=1/sigma#\n", + "print 'rho = %0.2f ohm-cm'%rho" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.15 Pg 68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma = 4.45e-06 (ohm-cm)**-1\n", + "rho = 224690.83 ohm-cm\n", + "ND = 9.92e+14 /cm**3\n", + "p = 2.33e+05 /cm**3\n", + "sigma = 0.21 (ohm-cm)**-1\n", + "rho = 4.67 ohm-cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "Nsi=4.96*10**22#\n", + "ni=1.52*10**10#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "mun=1350#\n", + "mup=480#\n", + "#resistivity of intrinsic silicon\n", + "sigma=q*ni*(mun+mup)\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2e (ohm-cm)**-1'%sigma\n", + "rho=1/sigma#\n", + "print 'rho = %0.2f ohm-cm'%rho\n", + "#resistivity of doped silicon\n", + "ND=Nsi/(50*10**6)#\n", + "print 'ND = %0.2e /cm**3'%ND\n", + "n=ND#\n", + "p=(ni**2)/n#\n", + "print 'p = %0.2e /cm**3'%p\n", + "sigma=q*n*mun#\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2f (ohm-cm)**-1'%sigma\n", + "rho=1/sigma#\n", + "print 'rho = %0.2f ohm-cm'%rho" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex3.16 Pg 69" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma = 4.40e-04 ohm-m**-1\n", + "sigma = 38.45 ohm-m**-1\n", + "sigma34 = 7.48e-04 ohm-m**-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "mup=0.048#\n", + "mun=0.135#\n", + "q=1.602*10**-19#\n", + "Nsi=5*10**28#\n", + "ni=1.5*10**16#\n", + "sigma=q*ni*(mun+mup)#\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2e ohm-m**-1'%sigma\n", + "NA=Nsi/10**7#\n", + "P=NA#\n", + "n=ni**2/P#\n", + "sigma=q*P*mup#\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2f ohm-m**-1'%sigma\n", + "alpha=0.05#\n", + "T=34-20#\n", + "sigma20=0.44*10**-3#\n", + "sigma34=sigma20*(1+alpha*T)#\n", + "print 'sigma34 = %0.2e ohm-m**-1'%sigma34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.17 Pg 71" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "DP = 4.40e+01 m**2/s\n", + "Dn = 9.31e+01 m**2/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "mun=3600#\n", + "mup=1700#\n", + "k=1.38*10**23#\n", + "T=300#\n", + "DP=mup*(T/11600)##answer given in the book is wrong\n", + "print 'DP = %0.2e m**2/s'%DP\n", + "Dn=mun*(T/11600)##answer given in the book is wrong\n", + "print 'Dn = %0.2e m**2/s'%Dn" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.18 Pg 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "mu = 1000.00 cm**2/volt-sec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "RH=160#\n", + "rho=0.16#\n", + "mun=(1/rho)*RH#\n", + "print 'mu = %0.2f cm**2/volt-sec'%mun" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.19 Pg 77" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 29, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "n = 7.50e+21 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "I=50#\n", + "B=1.2#\n", + "t=0.5*10**-3#\n", + "Vh=100#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "n=(B*I)/(Vh*q*t)#\n", + "print 'n = %0.2e /m**3'%n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex3.20 Pg 77" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 30, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "n = 3.12e+21 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "rho=20*10**-2#\n", + "mu=100*10**-4#\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "n=1/(rho*q*mu)#\n", + "print 'n = %0.2e /m**3'%n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex3.21 Pg 77" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 31, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "mu = 0.04 m**2/V-s\n", + "n = 1.71e+22 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Rh=3.66*10**-4#\n", + "rho=8.93*10**-3#\n", + "mu=Rh/rho#\n", + "print 'mu = %0.2f m**2/V-s'%mu\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19#\n", + "\n", + "n=1/(q*Rh)#\n", + "print 'n = %0.2e /m**3'%n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex3.22 Pg 77" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma = 111.11 S/m\n", + "RH = 2.70e-05 m**3*C\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "rho=9*10**-3#\n", + "mup=0.003#\n", + "sigma=1/rho#\n", + "print 'sigma = %0.2f S/m'%sigma\n", + "RH= mup/sigma#\n", + "print 'RH = %0.2e m**3*C'%RH" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap5_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap5_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5bd9c597 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap5_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,539 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 5 : PN JUNCTION DIODE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.1 Pg 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I = 10.72 uA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp \n", + "I0=2*10**-7\n", + "Vf=0.1\n", + "I=I0*(exp (40*Vf)-1)\n", + "print \"I = %0.2f\"%(I*10**6),'uA'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.2 Pg 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VT=25.69 mV\n", + "I=5.24 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import exp\n", + "I0=1*10**-3\n", + "Vf=0.22\n", + "T=298\n", + "n=1\n", + "VT=T/11600\n", + "print \"VT=%0.2f\"%(VT*10**3),'mV'\n", + "I=I0*(exp (Vf/(n*VT))-1)\n", + "print \"I=%0.2f\"%I,\"A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.3 Pg 103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "value of n = 1.17605641518\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "I1=0.5*10**-3\n", + "V1=340*10**-3\n", + "I2=15*10**-3\n", + "V2=440*10**-3\n", + "kTbyq=25*10**-3\n", + "a=V1/kTbyq\n", + "b=V2/kTbyq\n", + "#log(I1/I2)==log(exp((b-a)/n))\n", + "n=(a-b)/(log(I1/I2))\n", + "print \"value of n =\",n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.4 Pg 103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I400=10.24 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "I300=10*10**-6\n", + "T1=300\n", + "T2=400\n", + "I400=I300*(2**((T2-T1)/10))\n", + "print \"I400=%0.2f\"%(I400*10**3),'mA'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.5 Pg 103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VF=0.72 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "rB=2.0\n", + "IF=12*10**-3\n", + "VF=0.7+IF*rB\n", + "print \"VF=%0.2f\"%VF,'V'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.8 Pg 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IF=0.50 A\n", + "IR=3.33 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "PD=0.5\n", + "VF=1\n", + "VBR=150\n", + "IF=(PD/VF)\n", + "print \"IF=%0.2f\"%IF,\"A\"\n", + "IR=(PD/VBR)\n", + "print \"IR=%0.2f\"%(IR*10**3),'mA'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.9 Pg 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VD=VS=5.00 V\n", + "VR= 0\n", + "I= 0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "R=330\n", + "VS=5\n", + "VD=VS\n", + "print \"VD=VS=%0.2f\"% VD,'V'\n", + "VR=0\n", + "print \"VR=\",VR\n", + "I=0\n", + "print \"I=\",I" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.10 Pg 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VD= 0\n", + "VR= 12 V\n", + "I=25.53 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "VS=12\n", + "R=470\n", + "VD=0\n", + "print \"VD=\",VD\n", + "VR=VS\n", + "print \"VR=\",VR,\"V\"\n", + "I=(VS/R)\n", + "print \"I=%0.2f\"%(I*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.11 Pg 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I=6.62 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "VS=6\n", + "R1=330\n", + "R2=470\n", + "VD=0.7\n", + "RT=R1+R2\n", + "I=(VS-0.7)/RT\n", + "print \"I=%0.2f\"%(I*10**3),'mA'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.12 Pg 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VR=4.30 V\n", + "I=8.43 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "VS=5\n", + "R=510\n", + "VF=0.7\n", + "VR=VS-0.7\n", + "print \"VR=%0.2f\"%VR,\"V\"\n", + "I=VR/R\n", + "print \"I=%0.2f\"%(I*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.13 Pg 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I=3.07 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "VS=6\n", + "VD1=0.7\n", + "VD2=0.7\n", + "VR=1.5*10**3\n", + "I=(VS-VD1-VD2)/VR\n", + "print \"I=%0.2f\"%(I*10**3),'mA'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.14 Pg 106" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I=3.21 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "VS=12\n", + "R1=1.5*10**3\n", + "R2=1.8*10**3\n", + "VD1=0.7\n", + "VD2=0.7\n", + "I=(VS-VD1-VD2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print \"I=%0.2f\"%(I*10**3),'mA'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.15 Pg 106" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VO= 0 V\n", + "VO= 4.3 V\n", + "VO= 4.3 V\n", + "VO= 4.3 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V1=0\n", + "V2=0\n", + "VO=0\n", + "print \"VO=\",VO,\"V\"\n", + "V1=0\n", + "V2=5\n", + "VO=V2-0.7\n", + "print \"VO=\",VO,\"V\"\n", + "V1=5\n", + "V2=0\n", + "VO=V1-0.7\n", + "print \"VO=\",VO,\"V\"\n", + "V1=5\n", + "V2=5\n", + "VO=V2-0.7\n", + "print \"VO=\",VO,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 5.16 Pg 106" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "I= 0.999965 mA\n", + "R1= 50\n", + "V= 0 mV\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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UjNB8ZIIROJ07Q9++6dp0lJc9GKWkLRiFNpmaBOajtmOCkQLSVNFff117Q717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\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fe2b44c3710>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,pi,sin\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,show,xlabel,ylabel,title\n", + "R=20*10**3\n", + "I=(R-0.7)/R\n", + "print \"I=\",I,\"mA\"\n", + "rj=50\n", + "rB=1\n", + "re=rB+rj\n", + "R1=(R*re)/(re+R)\n", + "print \"R1=\",R1\n", + "V=10*(re/(re+1000))\n", + "print \"V=\",V,'mV'\n", + "i=arange(0,6*pi,0.01)\n", + "y=[]\n", + "for x in i:\n", + " y.append(sin(x))\n", + "plot(i,y)\n", + "xlabel(\"X\")\n", + "ylabel(\"Y\")\n", + "title(\"sin wave\")\n", + "show()" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap7_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap7_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d552ef5 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap7_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,385 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 7 : SPECIAL PURPOSE DIODES AND OPTO ELECTRONIC DEVICES" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.1 Pg 136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Izm=73.53 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "pzm=500*10**-3#\n", + "vz=6.8#\n", + "Izm=pzm/vz#\n", + "print \"Izm=%0.2f\"%(Izm*10**3),'mA'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.2 Pg 137 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Td=83.25 mW\n", + "pz=416.75 mW\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "pzm=500*10**-3#\n", + "d=3.33*10**-3#\n", + "a=75#\n", + "b=50#\n", + "Td=d*(a-b)#\n", + "print \"Td=%0.2f\"%(Td*10**3),\"mW\"\n", + "pz=pzm-Td #\n", + "print \"pz=%0.2f\"%(pz*10**3),'mW'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.3 Pg 138" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "rz=5.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "IZ=10*10**-3#\n", + "vz=0.05#\n", + "rz=vz/IZ#\n", + "print \"rz=%0.2f\"%rz,\"ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.4 Pg 139" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VZ1=5.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Vz=4.7#\n", + "rz=15#\n", + "Iz=20*10**-3#\n", + "VZ1= Vz+(rz*Iz)#\n", + "print \"VZ1=%0.2f\"%VZ1,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.5 Pg 139" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "CT=2.50e-12 F\n", + "fo=1.01 MHz\n", + "CT=2.50e-11 F\n", + "fo=318.31 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "C1=5*10**-12##min\n", + "C2=5*10**-12##min\n", + "L=10*10**-3#\n", + "CT=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2)##CTmax\n", + "print \"CT=%0.2e\"%CT,\"F\"\n", + "fo=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*CT))#\n", + "print \"fo=%0.2f\"%(fo*10**-6),\"MHz\"\n", + "C1=50*10**-12##max\n", + "C2=50*10**-12##max\n", + "CT=(C1*C2)/(C1+C2)##CTmin\n", + "print \"CT=%0.2e\"%CT,\"F\"\n", + "fo=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*CT))#\n", + "print \"fo=%0.2f\"%(fo*10**-3),\"kHz\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.6 Pg 139" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f=25.00 MHz\n", + "f=125.00 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "T=0.04*10**-6#\n", + "f=1/T#\n", + "print \"f=%0.2f\"%(f*10**-6),\"MHz\"\n", + "print \"f=%0.2f\"%(f*5*10**-6),\"MHz\"##frequency of 5th harmonic" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.7 Pg 140" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rs=387.50 ohm\n", + "Rsmax=375.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Vs=8#\n", + "VDmin=1.8#\n", + "VDmax=2#\n", + "Ifmax=16*10**-3#\n", + "Rs=(Vs-VDmin)/Ifmax#\n", + "print \"Rs=%0.2f\"%Rs,\"ohm\"\n", + "Rsmax=(Vs-VDmax)/Ifmax#\n", + "print \"Rsmax=%0.2f\"%Rsmax,\"ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.8 Pg 140" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Imax=18.09 mA\n", + "Imin=16.38 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VDmin=1.5#\n", + "VDmax=2.3#\n", + "Vs=10#\n", + "R1=470#\n", + "Imax=(Vs-VDmin)/R1#\n", + "print \"Imax=%0.2f\"%(Imax*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Imin=(Vs-VDmax)/R1#\n", + "print \"Imin=%0.2f\"%(Imin*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.9 Pg 140" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Imin=16.67 mA\n", + "Imax=27.07 mA\n", + "Imin=16.67 mA\n", + "Imax=26.67 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "VDmin=1.8#\n", + "VDmax=3#\n", + "Vs1=24#\n", + "Rs1=820#\n", + "Vs2=5#\n", + "Rs2=120#\n", + "Imin=(Vs2-VDmax)/Rs2#\n", + "print \"Imin=%0.2f\"%(Imin*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Imax=(Vs1-VDmin)/Rs1#\n", + "print \"Imax=%0.2f\"%(Imax*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Imin=(Vs2-VDmax)/Rs2#\n", + "print \"Imin=%0.2f\"%(Imin*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Imax=(Vs2-VDmin)/Rs2#\n", + "print \"Imax=%0.2f\"%(Imax*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 7.10 Pg 141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "R=2.00 kohm\n", + "Id=0.30 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "r=1*10**3#\n", + "I=10*10**-3#\n", + "V=30#\n", + "#I=30/(R+r)\n", + "R=(V/I)-r##when dark\n", + "print \"R=%0.2f\"%(R*10**-3),\"kohm\"\n", + "R=100*10**3##when illuminated\n", + "Id=(V/(r+R))#\n", + "print \"Id=%0.2f\"%(Id*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap8_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap8_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3963e259 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap8_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,486 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 8 : BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.1 Pg 161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ib=0.20 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g 8.1\n", + "Ie=10*10**-3#\n", + "Ic=9.8*10**-3#\n", + "#Ie=Ib+Ic\n", + "Ib=Ie-Ic#\n", + "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*10**3),'mA'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.2 Pg 161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a=0.9873\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Ie=6.28*10**-3#\n", + "Ic=6.20*10**-3#\n", + "a=Ic/Ie#\n", + "print \"a=%0.4f\"%a" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.3 Pg 161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=9.67 mA\n", + "Ib=0.33 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g8.3\n", + "a=0.967#\n", + "Ie=10*10**-3#\n", + "Ic=Ie*a##a=Ic/Ie\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Ib=Ie-Ic#\n", + "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.4 Pg 162" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=9.87 mA\n", + "Ib=0.13 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "Ie=10*10**-3#\n", + "alpha=0.987#\n", + "Ic=Ie*alpha##alpha=Ic/Ie\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Ib=Ie-Ic#\n", + "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.5 Pg 163" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta= 39.0\n", + "alpha= 0.975\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "alpha=0.975#\n", + "beta=200#\n", + "beta=(alpha/(1-alpha))#\n", + "print \"beta=\",beta\n", + "alpha=(beta/(1+beta))#\n", + "print \"alpha=\",alpha" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.6 Pg 163" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IE=40.40 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "BETA=100#\n", + "IC=40*10**-3#\n", + "IB=IC/BETA#\n", + "IE=IC+IB#\n", + "print \"IE=%0.2f\"%(IE*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.7 Pg 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=9.93 mA\n", + "Ib=0.07 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "beta=150#\n", + "Ie=10*10**-3#\n", + "alpha=beta/(1+beta)\n", + "Ic=alpha*Ie##as alpha=(Ic/Ie)\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Ib=Ie-Ic##as Ie=Ib+Ic\n", + "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.8 Pg 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=80.00 mA\n", + "Ie=80.47 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "beta=170#\n", + "Ic=80*10**-3#\n", + "Ib=Ic/beta##beta=(Ic/Ib)\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Ie=Ic+Ib#\n", + "print \"Ie=%0.2f\"%(Ie*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.9 Pg 165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=25.00 mA\n", + "Ie=25.12 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Ib=125*10**-6#\n", + "beta=200#\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib#\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Ie=Ic+Ib#\n", + "print \"Ie=%0.2f\"%(Ie*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.10 Pg 165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ib=0.09 mA\n", + "Ic=11.91 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Ie=12*10**-3#\n", + "beta=140#\n", + "Ib=Ie/(1+beta)#\n", + "print \"Ib=%0.2f\"%(Ib*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Ic=Ie-Ib##as Ie=Ib+Ic\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.11 Pg 165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "BETA= 19.5238095238\n", + "ALPHA= 0.951276102088\n", + "IE=2.15 mA\n", + "BETAn= 20.4545454545\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "IB=105*10**-6#\n", + "IC=2.05*10**-3#\n", + "BETA=IC/IB#\n", + "print \"BETA=\",BETA\n", + "ALPHA=BETA/(1+BETA)#\n", + "print \"ALPHA=\",ALPHA\n", + "IE=IC+IB#\n", + "print \"IE=%0.2f\"%(IE*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "DELTA_IB=27*10**-6#\n", + "DELTA_IC=0.65*10**-3#\n", + "IBn=IB+DELTA_IB#\n", + "ICn=IC+DELTA_IC#\n", + "BETAn=ICn/IBn#\n", + "print \"BETAn=\",BETAn" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.12 Pg 166" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=5.15 mA\n", + "Ie=5.25 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#e.g 8.12\n", + "alpha=0.98#\n", + "Ico=5*10**-6#\n", + "Ib=100*10**-6#\n", + "Ic=((alpha*Ib)/(1-alpha))+(Ico/(1-alpha))#\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "Ie=Ic+Ib#\n", + "print \"Ie=%0.2f\"%(Ie*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 8.13 Pg 166" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ic=13.01 mA\n", + "Icbo50=49.25 microA\n", + "Ic=15.01 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "Icbo=10*10**-6#\n", + "beta=50#\n", + "#Value of collector current when Ib=0.25*10**-3#\n", + "Ib=0.25*10**-3#\n", + "Ic=(beta*Ib)+(1+beta)*Icbo#\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"\n", + "#Value of new collector current if temperature rises to 50 degree\n", + "t1=27#\n", + "t2=50#\n", + "Icbo50=Icbo*2**((t2-t1)/10)#\n", + "print \"Icbo50=%0.2f\"%(Icbo50*10**6),\"microA\"\n", + "#collector current at 50 degree\n", + "Ic=beta*Ib+(1+beta)*Icbo50#\n", + "print \"Ic=%0.2f\"%(Ic*10**3),\"mA\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap9_2.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap9_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f290a4a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/Chap9_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 9 : BJT CHARACTERISTICS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 9.1 Pg 175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Pdmax70= 0.3974\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "Pdmax=500*10**-3#\n", + "DF=2.28*10**-3#\n", + "T=70#\n", + "Pdmax70=Pdmax-DF*(T-25)#\n", + "print \"Pdmax70=\",Pdmax70" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/11DrainCurrentGraph.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/11DrainCurrentGraph.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..850b8aa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/11DrainCurrentGraph.png diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/18VceVsIce.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/18VceVsIce.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..a0bb1a73 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/18VceVsIce.png diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/24GainGraph.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/24GainGraph.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..90794494 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electronic_Circuits_by_R._S._Sedha/screenshots/24GainGraph.png diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter10_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter10_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9213c6d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter10_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,316 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 10 : Diodes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 445 Ex: 10.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f78f4620690>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "diode voltage at operating point = 0.70 volts\n", + "1.3 current at opeating point = 1.30 milli-amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "V_ss=2#\n", + "R=1*10**3#\n", + "V_D=arange(0,2+0.001,0.001)\n", + "I_D=[]\n", + "for x in V_D:\n", + " I_D.append(10**3*(V_ss-x)/R)\n", + "plot(V_D,I_D) \n", + "title('load line plot')\n", + "xlabel('voltage in volts')\n", + "ylabel('current in milli-amperes') #milli-10**-3\n", + "show()\n", + "#we use the equation V_ss=R*i_D+V_D\n", + "#at point B\n", + "i_D=V_ss/R# #as V_D=0\n", + "#at point A\n", + "V_D=V_ss# #as i_D=0\n", + "#now we see intersection of load line with characteristic and we get following at operating point\n", + "V_DQ=0.7# #voltage\n", + "I_DQ=1.3*10**-3# #current\n", + "#diode characteristic cannot be plotted\n", + "print 'diode voltage at operating point = %0.2f volts'%V_DQ\n", + "print I_DQ*10**3,'current at opeating point = %0.2f milli-amperes'%(I_DQ*10**3) #milli-10**-3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 446 Ex: 10.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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Ji4FfA1t0Yg/VdAZPPT8hu17JTRXLZgMHpn1dCPztAK9zA/AFSQ8CewA/kvQw\n2eGvSyPipRraZ7aRpzc3y0HSKGBsRLye0sQvgHdHxPoWN82sadyHYZbPNsBdaSiugM+4WFi3ccIw\nM7Nc3IdhZma5uGCYmVkuLhhmZpaLC4aZmeXigmFmZrm4YJiZWS7/H6UcX0Ap0RjzAAAAAElFTkSu\nQmCC\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f78d99a3910>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "diode voltage at operating point = 0.68 volts\n", + "current at opeating point = 0.93 milli-amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "V_ss=10#\n", + "R=10*10**3#\n", + "V_D=arange(0,2+0.001,0.001)\n", + "I_D=[]\n", + "for x in V_D:\n", + " I_D.append(10**3*(V_ss-x)/R)\n", + "plot(V_D,I_D) \n", + "title('load line plot')\n", + "xlabel('voltage in volts')\n", + "ylabel('current in milli-amperes') #milli-10**-3\n", + "show()\n", + "\n", + "#we use the equation V_ss=R*i_D+V_D\n", + "#at point C\n", + "i_D=V_ss/R# #as V_D=0\n", + "#now if we take i_D=0, we get V_D=10 which plots at a point far off the page\n", + "#so we take the value on the right-hand edge of V-axis i.e.,V_D=2\n", + "#at point D\n", + "V_D=2#\n", + "i_D=(V_ss-V_D)/R#\n", + "#from the intersection of load line with characteristic\n", + "V_DQ=0.68#\n", + "I_DQ=0.93*10**-3#\n", + "#diode characteristic cannot be plotted\n", + "print 'diode voltage at operating point = %0.2f volts'%V_DQ\n", + "print 'current at opeating point = %0.2f milli-amperes'%(I_DQ*10**3) #milli-10**-3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 448 Ex: 10.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "output voltage for Vss=15 = 10.00 volts\n", + "output voltage for Vss=20 = 10.50 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "R=1*10**3#\n", + "#diode characteristic cannot be plotted\n", + "#case a)V_ss=15\n", + "V_ss=15#\n", + "V_D=arange(-15,0+0.001,0.001)\n", + "#from the intersection of load line and diode characteristic\n", + "V_o=10#\n", + "print 'output voltage for Vss=15 = %0.2f volts'%V_o\n", + "#case b)V_ss=20\n", + "V_ss=20#\n", + "V_D=arange(-20,0+0.001,0.001)\n", + "#from the intersection of load line and diode characteristic\n", + "V_o=10.5#\n", + "print 'output voltage for Vss=20 = %0.2f volts'%V_o" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 449 Ex: 10.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "load voltage = 10.00 volts\n", + "source current = 0.01 amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "V_ss=24#\n", + "R=1.2*10**3#\n", + "R_L=6*10**3#\n", + "#by grouping linear elements together on left side of diode\n", + "V_T=V_ss*R_L/(R+R_L)# #thevenin voltage\n", + "#zeroing sources \n", + "R_T=1/((1/R)+(1/R_L))# #thevenin resistance\n", + "#load-line equation is V_T+R_T*i_D+V_D=0\n", + "#locating the operating point\n", + "V_D=-10#\n", + "V_L=-V_D# #load voltage\n", + "I_s=(V_ss-V_L)/R# #source current\n", + "#diode characteristic cannot be plotted\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'load voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_L\n", + "print 'source current = %0.2f amperes'%I_s #milli-10**-3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 451 Ex: 10.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "correct assumption is D2 off and D1 on\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "V_1=10#\n", + "V_2=3#\n", + "R_1=4*10**3#\n", + "R_2=6*10**3#\n", + "#1)analysis by assuming D1 off and D2 on\n", + "I_D_2=V_2/R_2# #ohm's law\n", + "#applying KVL\n", + "V_D_1=7# #contradiction to 'D1 is off'\n", + "#this assumption is not correct\n", + "\n", + "#2)analysis by assuming D1 on and D2 off\n", + "I_D_1=V_1/R_1# #ohm's law\n", + "#applying KVL\n", + "V_D_2=-V_1+V_2+I_D_1*R_1#\n", + "#we get V_D_2 which is consistent\n", + "print 'correct assumption is D2 off and D1 on'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 453 Ex: 10.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current in the circuit = 80.00 milli-amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "V_1=3#\n", + "R_1=20#\n", + "#As given voltage source results in forward bias, we assume operating point is on line segment A\n", + "#replacing diode with the equivalent circuit\n", + "V_2=0.6#\n", + "R_2=10#\n", + "i_D=(V_1-V_2)/(R_1+R_2)# #KVL around the circuit\n", + "print 'current in the circuit = %0.2f milli-amperes'%(i_D*10**3) #milli-10**-3" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter11_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter11_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1e88e5ed --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter11_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,610 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 11 : Amplifiers Specifications and eternal characterstics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 516 Ex: 11.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Voltage gain Av = 8000.00 \n", + "Voltage gain Avs = 5333.33 \n", + "Current gain = 2.00e+09 \n", + "Power gain = 1.60e+13 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s=1*10**-3#\n", + "R_s=1*10**6#\n", + "A_voc=10**4# #open-circuit voltage gain\n", + "R_i=2*10**6# #input resistance\n", + "R_o=2# #output resistance\n", + "R_L=8# #load resistance\n", + "V_i=V_s*(R_i/(R_i+R_s))# #input voltage(voltage-divider principle)\n", + "V_vcs=A_voc*V_i# #voltage controlled source voltage\n", + "V_o=V_vcs*(R_L/(R_L+R_o))# #output voltage(voltage-divider principle)\n", + "A_v=V_o/V_i#\n", + "A_vs=V_o/V_s#\n", + "A_i=A_v*R_i/R_L# #current gain\n", + "G=A_v*A_i# #power gain\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Voltage gain Av = %0.2f '%A_v\n", + "print 'Voltage gain Avs = %0.2f '%A_vs\n", + "print 'Current gain = %0.2e '%A_i\n", + "print 'Power gain = %0.2e '%G" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 517 Ex: 11.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current gain of first stage = 100000.00\n", + "Current gain of second stage = 750.00 \n", + "Voltage gain of first stage = 150.00 \n", + "Voltage gain of second stage = 50.00 \n", + "Power gain of first stage = 1.50e+07 \n", + "Power gain of second stage = 37500.00 \n", + "Overall power gain = 5.62e+11 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "R_i_1=10**6#\n", + "R_o_1=500#\n", + "R_i_2=1500#\n", + "R_o_2=100#\n", + "R_L=100#\n", + "A_voc_1=200#\n", + "A_voc_2=100#\n", + "#voltage gain of the first stage...A_v_1=(V_o_1/V_i_1)=(V_i_2/V_i_2)=A_voc_1(R_i_2/(R_i_2+R_o_1))\n", + "A_v_1=A_voc_1*(R_i_2/(R_i_2+R_o_1))#\n", + "A_v_2=A_voc_2*(R_L/(R_L+R_o_2))#\n", + "A_i_1=A_v_1*R_i_1/R_i_2#\n", + "A_i_2=A_v_2*R_i_2/R_L#\n", + "A_i=A_i_1*A_i_2#\n", + "G_1=A_v_1*A_i_1#\n", + "G_2=A_v_2*A_i_2#\n", + "G=G_1*G_2#\n", + "print 'Current gain of first stage = %0.2f'%A_i_1\n", + "print 'Current gain of second stage = %0.2f '%A_i_2\n", + "print 'Voltage gain of first stage = %0.2f '%A_v_1\n", + "print 'Voltage gain of second stage = %0.2f '%A_v_2\n", + "print 'Power gain of first stage = %0.2e '%G_1\n", + "print 'Power gain of second stage = %0.2f '%G_2\n", + "print 'Overall power gain = %0.2e '%G" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 518 Ex: 11.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Hence the simplified model for the cascade is with an:\n", + "Input resistance = 1.00e+06 ohms\n", + "Input resistance = 100.00 ohms\n", + "Overall open-circuit voltage gain = 15000.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "R_i_1=10**6#\n", + "R_o_1=500#\n", + "R_i_2=1500#\n", + "R_o_2=100#\n", + "R_L=100#\n", + "A_voc_1=200#\n", + "A_voc_2=100#\n", + "A_v_1=A_voc_1*(R_i_2/(R_i_2+R_o_1))# #Voltage gain of first stage\n", + "A_v_2=A_voc_2# #Voltage gain of second stage with open-circuit load\n", + "A_voc=A_v_1*A_v_2# #overall open-circuit voltage gain\n", + "R_i=R_i_1# #input resistance of cascading amplifier\n", + "R_o=R_o_2# #output resistance\n", + "print 'Hence the simplified model for the cascade is with an:'\n", + "print 'Input resistance = %0.2e ohms'%R_i\n", + "print 'Input resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R_o\n", + "print 'Overall open-circuit voltage gain = %0.2f'%A_voc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 519 Ex: 11.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "\n", + "Input power = 10.00 pW\n", + "Output power = 8.00 watts\n", + "Supply power = 22.50 watts\n", + "Dissipated power = 14.50 watts\n", + "Efficiency of the amplifier = 35.56\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_AA=15#\n", + "V_BB=15#\n", + "V_i=1*10**-3#\n", + "I_A=1#\n", + "I_B=0.5#\n", + "R_L=8#\n", + "R_o=2#\n", + "R_i=100*10**3#\n", + "A_voc=10**4#\n", + "P_i=V_i**2/R_i#\n", + "V_o=A_voc*V_i*(R_L/(R_L+R_o))#\n", + "P_o=V_o**2/R_L#\n", + "P_s=V_AA*I_A+V_BB*I_B#\n", + "P_d=P_s+P_i-P_o#\n", + "n=P_o*100/P_s#\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print '\\nInput power = %.2f pW'%(P_i*10**12)\n", + "print 'Output power = %.2f watts'%P_o\n", + "print 'Supply power = %.2f watts'%P_s\n", + "print 'Dissipated power = %.2f watts'%P_d\n", + "print 'Efficiency of the amplifier = %.2f'%n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 520 Ex: 11.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The resulting current-amplifier is with an:\n", + "input resitance = 1000.00 ohms\n", + "output resistance = 100.00 ohms\n", + "and a short-cut current gain of: 1000.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "R_i=1*10**3#\n", + "R_o=100#\n", + "A_voc=100#\n", + "#I_i=V_i/R_i, I_osc=A_voc*V_i/R_o from these two we get A_isc=(i_osc/I_i)=(A_voc(R_i/R_o))\n", + "A_isc=A_voc*(R_i/R_o)#\n", + "print 'The resulting current-amplifier is with an:'\n", + "\n", + "print 'input resitance = %0.2f ohms'%R_i\n", + "print 'output resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R_o\n", + "print 'and a short-cut current gain of: %0.2f'%A_isc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 521 Ex: 11.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The resulting transconductance model is with an:\n", + "input resitance = 1000.00 ohms\n", + "output resistance = 100.00 ohms\n", + "and transconductance = 1.00 siemens\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division \n", + "R_i=1*10**3#\n", + "R_o=100#\n", + "A_voc=100#\n", + "#i_osc=A_voc*V_i/R_o and G_msc=i_osc/V_i gives G_msc=A_voc/R_o\n", + "G_msc=A_voc/R_o#\n", + "print 'The resulting transconductance model is with an:'\n", + "print 'input resitance = %0.2f ohms'%R_i\n", + "print 'output resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R_o\n", + "print 'and transconductance = %0.2f siemens'%G_msc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 522 Ex: 11.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The resulting transconductance model is with an:\n", + "input resitance = 1000.00 ohms\n", + "output resistance = 100.00 ohms\n", + "and transresistance = 100000.00 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "R_i=1*10**3#\n", + "R_o=100#\n", + "A_voc=100#\n", + "#V_ooc=A_voc*V_i and I_i=V_i/R_i gives R_moc=V_ooc/I_i\n", + "R_moc=A_voc*R_i#\n", + "print 'The resulting transconductance model is with an:'\n", + "print 'input resitance = %0.2f ohms'%R_i\n", + "print 'output resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R_o\n", + "print 'and transresistance = %0.2f ohms'%R_moc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 523 Ex: 11.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "The complex voltage gain is with\n", + "a peak value of : 100.00\n", + "a phase angle = 0.79 degrees\n", + "and the decibel gain is 40.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import cos,sin,sqrt,atan,log,pi\n", + "V_i=complex(0.1*cos(-pi/6),0.1*sin(-pi/6))#\n", + "V_o=complex(10*cos(pi/12),10*sin(pi/12))#\n", + "A_v=V_o/V_i#\n", + "A_v_max=sqrt(((A_v.real)**2)+((A_v.imag)**2))\n", + "phi=atan((A_v.imag)/(A_v.real))#\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'The complex voltage gain is with'\n", + "print 'a peak value of : %0.2f'%A_v_max\n", + "print 'a phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%phi\n", + "print 'and the decibel gain is %0.2f'%(20*log(A_v_max)/2.30258) #2.30258 is for base 10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 524 Ex: 11.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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qUCJdutilEHbvNpsy+YmRFYttCiHMILpNZFUIIvKbtOMvNHhbVTXrukNB43e0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\nnYTyIrEKYeXKwjvH9u2NRZDaeH7NGrt3lgpC5kw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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f89fd6f7810>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,pi,cos\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,show,subplot,xlabel,ylabel\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "t=arange(0,0.002+0.000001,0.000001)\n", + "V_i=[]\n", + "for x in t:\n", + " V_i.append(3*cos(2000*pi*x)-2*cos(6000*pi*x))\n", + "#let A_1000 and A_3000 be the gains\n", + "A_1000_peak=10#\n", + "A_1000_phi=0#\n", + "A_3000_peak=2.5#\n", + "A_3000_phi=0#\n", + "#multiplying by respective gains\n", + "V_o=[]\n", + "for x in t:\n", + " V_o.append(A_1000_peak*3*cos(2000*pi*x+A_1000_phi)-A_3000_peak*2*cos(6000*pi*x+A_3000_phi))\n", + "subplot(121)\n", + "title('Input-voltage vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('Internal-voltage in volts')\n", + "plot(t*10**3,V_i)\n", + "subplot(122)\n", + "title('Output-voltage vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('Output voltage in volts')\n", + "plot(t*10**3,V_o)\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 525 Ex: 11.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VoA(t)=30cos(2000pit)-10cos(6000pit)\n", + "VoB(t)=30cos(2000pit-pi/4)-10cos(6000pit-3pi/4)\n", + "VoC(t)=30cos(2000pit-pi/4)-10cos(6000pit-pi/4)\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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xZdEdyp4fRTRhWrnccgv8618W3twPl1xieYrvvTcced55xxSRo2QqVoTzz7fp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\nffsWp958OOGE4nlhB+JTSkFxG3AT0A7YHegN3I2rpJ7Pp9JCt7ooKBY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bj392X5p6Uqfp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\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f8a0c50a590>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,pi,cos\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,show,subplot,xlabel,ylabel\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "t=arange(0,0.002+0.000001,0.000001)\n", + "V_i=[]\n", + "for x in t:\n", + " V_i.append(3*cos(2000*pi*x)-2*cos(6000*pi*x))\n", + "#for A\n", + "A_1000_A_peak=10#\n", + "A_1000_A_phi=0#\n", + "A_3000_A_peak=10#\n", + "A_3000_A_phi=0#\n", + "V_o_A=[]\n", + "for x in t:\n", + " V_o_A.append(A_1000_A_peak*3*cos(2000*pi*x+A_1000_A_phi)-A_3000_A_peak*2*cos(6000*pi*x+A_3000_A_phi))\n", + "#for B\n", + "A_1000_B_peak=10#\n", + "A_1000_B_phi=-pi/4#\n", + "A_3000_B_peak=10#\n", + "A_3000_B_phi=-3*pi/4#\n", + "V_o_B=[]\n", + "for x in t:\n", + " V_o_B.append(A_1000_B_peak*3*cos(2000*pi*x+A_1000_B_phi)-A_3000_B_peak*2*cos(6000*pi*x+A_3000_B_phi))\n", + "#for C\n", + "A_1000_C_peak=10#\n", + "A_1000_C_phi=-pi/4#\n", + "A_3000_C_peak=10#\n", + "A_3000_C_phi=-pi/4#\n", + "V_o_C=[]\n", + "for x in t:\n", + " V_o_C.append(A_1000_C_peak*3*cos(2000*pi*x+A_1000_C_phi)-A_3000_C_peak*2*cos(6000*pi*x+A_3000_C_phi))\n", + "print 'VoA(t)=30cos(2000pit)-10cos(6000pit)'\n", + "print 'VoB(t)=30cos(2000pit-pi/4)-10cos(6000pit-3pi/4)'\n", + "print 'VoC(t)=30cos(2000pit-pi/4)-10cos(6000pit-pi/4)'\n", + "subplot(311)\n", + "title('Output-voltage vs time for A')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('Output-voltage for A in volts')\n", + "plot(t*10**3,V_o_A)\n", + "subplot(312)\n", + "title('Output-voltage vs time for B')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('Output voltage for B in volts')\n", + "plot(t*10**3,V_o_B)\n", + "subplot(313)\n", + "title('Output-voltage vs time for C')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('Output voltage for C in volts')\n", + "plot(t*10**3,V_o_C)\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 526 Ex: 11.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "The minimum CMRR = 140.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log\n", + "A_d=1000# #differential gain\n", + "V_d_peak=1*10**-3# #peak value of differential input signal\n", + "V_o_peak=A_d*V_d_peak# #peak output signal\n", + "V_cm=100#\n", + "V_o_cm=0.01*V_o_peak# #common mode contribution is 1% or less\n", + "A_cm=V_o_cm/V_cm# #common mode gain\n", + "CMRR=20*log(A_d/A_cm)/2.30258#\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'The minimum CMRR = %0.2f'%CMRR" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 527 Ex: 11.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Vioff = 7 mV \n", + "\n", + " Vvoff = 4.17 mV \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "Rin= 1 #Mohms\n", + "Rs1= 100 #kohms\n", + "Rs2= 100 #kohms\n", + "Ioff= 84 #Amperes\n", + "Voff= 5 #mV\n", + "#CALCULARIONS\n", + "Vioff= Rin*Ioff*10**-3*(Rs1+Rs2)/(2*(Rin+10**-3*(Rs1+Rs2)))\n", + "Vvoff= Voff*Rin/(Rin+10**-3*(Rs1+Rs2))\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'Vioff = %.f mV '%Vioff\n", + "print '\\n Vvoff = %.2f mV '%Vvoff" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter12_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter12_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cd2e8f76 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter12_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 12 : Field effect transistors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 541 Ex12.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "iD = 18 V \n", + "\n", + " iD = 8 V \n", + "\n", + " iD = 2 V \n", + "\n", + " iD = 0 V \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "K= 2 \n", + "VGS1= 5 #V\n", + "VGS2= 4 #V\n", + "VGS3= 3 #V\n", + "VGS4= 2 #V\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "id1= K*(VGS1-2)**2\n", + "id2= K*(VGS2-2)**2\n", + "id3= K*(VGS3-2)**2\n", + "id4= K*(VGS4-2)**2\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'iD = %.f V '%(id1)\n", + "print '\\n iD = %.f V '%(id2)\n", + "print '\\n iD = %.f V '%(id3)\n", + "print '\\n iD = %.f V '%(id4)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 544 Ex12.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VDSQ = 14.3 V \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from sympy import symbols,solve\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "KP= 50 #uA/V62\n", + "Vto= 2 #V\n", + "L= 10 #um\n", + "W= 400 #um\n", + "Vdd= 20 #mV\n", + "R2= 1 #kohms\n", + "R1= 3 #ohms\n", + "Rd= 11.5 #Mohms\n", + "Rs= 1 #kohms\n", + "V= 4 #mV\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "K= W*KP/(2*L*10**3)\n", + "Vg= Vdd*R2/(R1+R2)\n", + "\n", + "x=symbols(\"x\")\n", + "vec=solve(x**2-3.630*x+2.148,x)\n", + "VGSQ= vec[0]\n", + "IDQ= K*(VGSQ-Vto)**2\n", + "VDSQ= Vdd+V+L-(Rd+Rs)*IDQ\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'VDSQ = %.1f V '%(VDSQ)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 548 Ex12.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "rd = 7.7e+03 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "VGSQ= 3.5 #V\n", + "VDSQ= 10 #V\n", + "id1= 10.7 #mA\n", + "id2= 4.7 #mA\n", + "dvgs= 1 #V\n", + "id3= 8 #mA\n", + "id4= 6.7 #mA\n", + "vds1= 14 #V\n", + "vds2= 4 #V\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "gm= (id1-id2)/dvgs\n", + "rd= (vds1-vds2)*10**3/(id3-id4)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'rd = %.1e ohms'%(rd)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 549 Ex12.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "G = 529.7 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "RL= 1 #kohms\n", + "R1= 2 #Mohms\n", + "R2= 2 #Mohms\n", + "KP= 50 #uA/V**2\n", + "L= 2 #um\n", + "W= 160 #um\n", + "Vto= 1 #V\n", + "IDQ= 10 #mA\n", + "VG= 7.5 #V\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "K= W*KP/(2*L*10**3)\n", + "VGSQ= sqrt(IDQ/K)+Vto\n", + "VS= VG-VGSQ\n", + "RS= VS*10**3/IDQ\n", + "gm= sqrt(2*KP/10**3)*sqrt(W/L)*sqrt(IDQ)\n", + "RL1= 1/(1/(RS)+(1/(RL*10**3)))\n", + "Av= gm*RL1*10**-3/(1+gm*RL1*10**-3)\n", + "Rin= 1/((1/R1)+(1/R2))\n", + "Ro= 1/(gm*10**-3+(1/RS))\n", + "Ai= Av*Rin/RL\n", + "G= Av*Ai*10**3\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'G = %.1f '%G" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter13_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter13_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d3c77172 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter13_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,498 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 13 : Bipolar junction transistors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 589 Ex: 13.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The value of beta B = 100.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_CE=4# #It should be high enough so that collector base junction is reverse-biased\n", + "i_B=30*10**-6# #base current, a value is selected from the graph\n", + "i_C=3*10**-3# #collector current corresponding to values of i_B and V_CE\n", + "B=i_C/i_B# #beta value\n", + "print 'The value of beta B = %0.2f'%B" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 589 Ex: 13.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "graphs cannot be shown but the required values are\n", + "maximum value of V_CE = 7.00\n", + "minimum value of V_CE = 3.00 \n", + "Q-point value of V_CE = 5.00 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_CC=10#\n", + "V_BB=1.6#\n", + "R_B=40*10**3#\n", + "R_C=2*10**3#\n", + "V_in_Q=0# #Q point\n", + "V_in_max=0.4#\n", + "V_in_min=-0.4#\n", + "#the following values are found from the intersection of input loadlines with the input characteristic\n", + "i_B_Q=25*10**-3# #for V_in_Q\n", + "i_B_max=35*10**-3# #for V_in_max\n", + "i_B_min=15*10**-3# #for V_in_min\n", + "#the following values are found from the intersection of output loadlines with the output characteristic\n", + "V_CE_Q=5# #corresponding to i_B_Q\n", + "V_CE_max=7# #corresponding to i_B_min\n", + "V_CE_min=3# #corresponding to i_B_max\n", + "print 'graphs cannot be shown but the required values are'\n", + "print 'maximum value of V_CE = %0.2f'%V_CE_max\n", + "print 'minimum value of V_CE = %0.2f '%V_CE_min\n", + "print 'Q-point value of V_CE = %0.2f '%V_CE_Q" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 590 Ex: 13.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "collector current = 0.01 amperes\n", + "collector to emitter voltage = 7.85 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_CC=15#\n", + "B=100# #beta value\n", + "R_B=200*10**3#\n", + "R_C=1*10**3#\n", + "#we proceed in such a way that the required values will be displayed according to the satisfied condition of the below three cases\n", + "\n", + "#a)cut-off region\n", + "V_BE=15# #no voltage drop across R_B in cut-off state\n", + "V_CE=15# #no voltage drop across R_C in cut-off state\n", + "i_C=0# #no collector current flows as there is no voltage drop\n", + "i_B=0# #no base current flows as there is no voltage drop\n", + "if(V_BE<0.5): #cut-off condition\n", + " print 'collector current = %0.2f amperes'%i_C\n", + " print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "#b)saturation region\n", + "V_BE=0.7# #base to emitter voltage in saturation state\n", + "V_CE=0.2# #collector to emitter voltage in saturation state\n", + "i_C=(V_CC-V_CE)/R_C# #collector current\n", + "i_B=(V_CC-V_BE)/R_B# #base current\n", + "if((B*i_B>i_C) and (i_B>0)): #saturation state conditions\n", + " print 'collector current = %0.2f amperes'%i_C\n", + " print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE\n", + "\n", + "#c)active region\n", + "V_BE=0.7# #base to emitter voltage in active state\n", + "i_B=(V_CC-V_BE)/R_B# #base current\n", + "i_C=B*i_B# #collector current in active state\n", + "V_CE=V_CC-i_C*R_C# #collector to emitter voltage\n", + "if((V_CE>0.2) and (i_B>0)) : #active state conditions\n", + " print 'collector current = %0.2f amperes'%i_C\n", + " print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 591 Ex: 13.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "collector current = 0.01 amperes\n", + "collector to emitter voltage = 0.20 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "R_B=200*10**3#\n", + "R_C=1*10**3#\n", + "V_CC=15#\n", + "B=300# #beta value\n", + "#we proceed in such a way that the required values will be displayed according to the satisfied condition of the below three cases\n", + "\n", + "#a)active region\n", + "V_BE=0.7# #base to emitter voltage in active state\n", + "i_B=(V_CC-V_BE)/R_B# #base current\n", + "i_C=B*i_B# #collector current in active state\n", + "V_CE=V_CC-i_C*R_C# #collector to emitter voltage\n", + "if((V_CE>0.2) and (i_B>0)): #active state conditions\n", + " print 'collector current = %0.2f amperes'%i_C\n", + " print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE\n", + "\n", + "#b)saturation region\n", + "V_BE=0.7# #base to emitter voltage in saturation state\n", + "V_CE=0.2# #collector to emitter voltage in saturation state\n", + "i_C=(V_CC-V_CE)/R_C# #collector current\n", + "i_B=(V_CC-V_BE)/R_B# #base current\n", + "if((B*i_B>i_C) and (i_B>0)): #saturation state conditions\n", + " print 'collector current = %0.2f amperes'%i_C\n", + " print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE\n", + "\n", + "#c)cut-off region\n", + "V_BE=15# #no voltage drop across R_B in cut-off state\n", + "V_CE=15# #no voltage drop across R_C in cut-off state\n", + "i_C=0# #no collector current flows as there is no voltage drop\n", + "i_B=0# #no base current flows as there is no voltage drop\n", + "if(V_BE<0.5): #cut-off condition\n", + " print 'collector current = %0.2f amperes'%i_C\n", + " print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 592 Ex: 13.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "For beta B=100:\n", + "collector current = 2.13e-03 amperes\n", + "collector to emitter voltage = 6.44 volts\n", + "For beta B=300:\n", + "collector current = 2.14e-03 amperes\n", + "collector to emitter voltage = 6.41 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_CC=15#\n", + "V_BB=5#\n", + "V_BE=0.7# #assuming the device is in the active state\n", + "R_C=2*10**3#\n", + "R_E=2*10**3#\n", + "i_E=(V_BB-V_BE)/R_E# #emitter current\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "\n", + "#a)B=100\n", + "print 'For beta B=100:'\n", + "B=100# #beta value\n", + "i_B=i_E/(B+1)# #base current\n", + "i_C=B*i_B# #collector current\n", + "V_CE=V_CC-i_C*R_C-i_E*R_E# #collector to emitter voltage\n", + "print 'collector current = %0.2e amperes'%i_C\n", + "print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE\n", + "\n", + "#b)B=300\n", + "print 'For beta B=300:'\n", + "B=300# #beta value\n", + "i_B=i_E/(B+1)# #base current\n", + "i_C=B*i_B# #collector current\n", + "V_CE=V_CC-i_C*R_C-i_E*R_E# #collector to emitter voltage\n", + "print 'collector current = %0.2e amperes'%i_C\n", + "print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 593 Ex: 13.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "For beta B=100:\n", + "collector current = 4.12e-03 amperes\n", + "collector to emitter voltage = 6.72 volts\n", + "For beta B=300:\n", + "collector current = 4.24e-03 amperes\n", + "collector to emitter voltage = 6.51 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_CC=15#\n", + "R_1=10*10**3#\n", + "R_2=5*10**3#\n", + "R_C=1*10**3#\n", + "R_E=1*10**3#\n", + "V_BE=0.7#\n", + "R_B=1/((1/R_1)+(1/R_2))# #thevenin resistance\n", + "V_B=V_CC*R_2/(R_1+R_2)# #thevenin voltage\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "\n", + "#a)B=100\n", + "print 'For beta B=100:'\n", + "B=100# #beta value\n", + "i_B=(V_B-V_BE)/(R_B+(B+1)*R_E)# #base current\n", + "i_C=B*i_B# #collector current\n", + "i_E=i_B+i_C# #emitter current\n", + "V_CE=V_CC-i_C*R_C-i_E*R_E# #collector to emitter voltage\n", + "print 'collector current = %0.2e amperes'%i_C\n", + "print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE\n", + "#b)B=300\n", + "print 'For beta B=300:'\n", + "B=300# #beta value\n", + "i_B=(V_B-V_BE)/(R_B+(B+1)*R_E)# #base current\n", + "i_C=B*i_B# #collector current\n", + "i_E=i_B+i_C# #emitter current\n", + "V_CE=V_CC-i_C*R_C-i_E*R_E# #collector to emitter voltage\n", + "print 'collector current = %0.2e amperes'%i_C\n", + "print 'collector to emitter voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_CE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 594 Ex: 13.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "voltage gain = -105.64 open circuit voltage gain = -158.46\n", + "input impedance = 530.61 ohms\n", + "current gain = -28.03\n", + "power gain = 2960.82\n", + "output impedance = 1000.00 ohms\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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Uf+2oUcaY7tgRXXmcESpAa6vxhKIg6XGhqGTp1w/WrYu2ApZLVLI4T6gyhFXc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\nOQararP3uRkYnCdNPZDd5l/G7tupXCE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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fa277c15dd0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "from numpy import arange,sin,pi\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_CC=15#\n", + "V_BE=0.7#\n", + "B=100# #beta value\n", + "R_1=10*10**3#\n", + "R_2=5*10**3#\n", + "R_L_1=2*10**3# #R_L is taken as R_L_1\n", + "R_C=1*10**3#\n", + "R_E=1*10**3#\n", + "V_T=26*10**-3# #thermal voltage\n", + "#from the analysis of the previous example we have the the values of i_C_Q and V_CE\n", + "i_C_Q=4.12*10**-3#\n", + "V_CE=6.72#\n", + "r_pi=(B*V_T)/i_C_Q#\n", + "R_B=1/((1/R_1)+(1/R_2))# #thevenin resistance\n", + "R_L_2=1/((1/R_L_1)+(1/R_C))# #R_L' is taken as R_L_2\n", + "A_v=-(R_L_2*B)/r_pi# #voltage gain\n", + "A_voc=-(R_C*B)/r_pi# #open circuit voltage gain\n", + "Z_in=1/((1/R_B)+(1/r_pi))# #input impedance\n", + "A_i=(A_v*Z_in)/R_L_1# #current gain\n", + "G=A_i*A_v# #power gain\n", + "Z_o=R_C #output impedance\n", + "#assume f=1hz\n", + "f=1#\n", + "tt=arange(0,3+0.0005,0.0005)\n", + "V_in=[];V_o=[]\n", + "for t in tt:\n", + " V_in.append(0.001*sin(2*pi*f*t))\n", + " V_o.append(-((0.001*sin(2*pi*f*t))*R_L_2*B)/r_pi)\n", + "subplot(121)\n", + "title('Input voltage vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time')\n", + "ylabel('input voltage')\n", + "plot(tt,V_in)\n", + "subplot(122)\n", + "title('output voltage vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time')\n", + "ylabel('output voltage')\n", + "plot(tt,V_o)\n", + "#In the graph, notice the phase inversion between input and output voltages\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'voltage gain = %0.2f'%A_v,\n", + "print 'open circuit voltage gain = %0.2f'%A_voc\n", + "print 'input impedance = %0.2f ohms'%Z_in\n", + "print 'current gain = %0.2f'%A_i\n", + "print 'power gain = %0.2f'%G\n", + "print 'output impedance = %0.2f ohms'%Z_o" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 595 Ex: 13.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "voltage gain = 0.99\n", + "input impedance = 36505.72 ohms\n", + "current gain = 36.16\n", + "power gain = 35.83\n", + "output impedance = 46.63 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_CC=20#\n", + "V_BE_Q=0.7#\n", + "V_T=26*10**-3# #thermal voltage\n", + "B=200# #beta value\n", + "R_S_1=10*10**3# #R_S is taken as R_S_1\n", + "R_1=100*10**3#\n", + "R_2=100*10**3#\n", + "R_L_1=1*10**3# #R_L is taken as R_L_1\n", + "R_E=2*10**3#\n", + "V_B=V_CC*R_2/(R_1+R_2)# #thevenin voltage\n", + "R_B=1/((1/R_1)+(1/R_2))# #thevenin resistance\n", + "R_L_2=1/((1/R_L_1)+(1/R_E))# #R_L' is taken as R_L_2\n", + "i_B_Q=(V_B-V_BE_Q)/(R_B+R_E*(1+B))\n", + "i_C_Q=B*i_B_Q#\n", + "i_E_Q=i_B_Q+i_C_Q#\n", + "V_CE_Q=V_CC-i_E_Q*R_E#\n", + "#we can verify that the device is in active region as we get V_CE>0.2 and i_BQ>0\n", + "r_pi=B*V_T/i_C_Q#\n", + "A_v=(1+B)*R_L_2/(r_pi+(1+B)*R_L_2)# #voltage gain\n", + "Z_it=r_pi+(1+B)*R_L_2# #input impedance of base of transistor\n", + "Z_i=1/((1/R_B)+(1/Z_it))# #input impedance of emitter-follower\n", + "R_S_2=1/((1/R_S_1)+(1/R_1)+(1/R_2))# #R_S' is taken as R_S_2\n", + "Z_o=1/(((1+B)/(R_S_2+r_pi))+(1/R_E))# #output impedance\n", + "A_i=A_v*Z_i/R_L_1# #current gain\n", + "G=A_v*A_i# #power gain\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are Approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'voltage gain = %0.2f'%A_v\n", + "print 'input impedance = %0.2f ohms'%Z_i\n", + "print 'current gain = %0.2f'%A_i\n", + "print 'power gain = %0.2f'%G\n", + "print 'output impedance = %0.2f ohms'%Z_o" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter14_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter14_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e13c2f5c --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter14_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 14 : Operational Amlifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 632 Ex14.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "A0CL = 20 dB \n", + "\n", + " frequency = 400 kHz \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import log,log10\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "ADOL= 10**5\n", + "ADOL1= 10\n", + "dc= 20\n", + "dc1= 10\n", + "f= 40 #kHz\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "ADOL2= dc*log(ADOL)\n", + "ADOL3= dc*log10(ADOL1)\n", + "f1= ADOL1*f\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'A0CL = %.f dB '%(ADOL3)\n", + "print '\\n frequency = %.f kHz '%(f1)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 633 Ex14.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "full power = 6.63 kHz \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "#initialisation of variables\n", + "SR= 0.5 #V/us\n", + "Vcon= 12 #V\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "f= SR*1000/(2*pi*Vcon)\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'full power = %.2f kHz '%f" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 634 Ex: 14.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Maximum output voltage = 34.00 milli-volts\n", + "Minimum output voltage = -24.00 milli-volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_in=0#\n", + "I_B_max=100*10**-9# #maximum bias current\n", + "I_os_max=40*10**-9# #maximum offset current magnitude\n", + "V_os_max=2*10**-3# #maximum offset voltage\n", + "R_1=10*10**3#\n", + "R_2=100*10**3#\n", + "#we approach in such a way to calculate output voltage due to each of dc sources and using superposition\n", + "#1)OFFSET-VOLTAGE\n", + "#As we place offset voltage at noninverting input\n", + "V_o_osV_max=-(1+(R_2/R_1))*(-V_os_max)#\n", + "V_o_osV_min=-(1+(R_2/R_1))*V_os_max#\n", + "#2)BIAS-CURRENT SOURCES\n", + "#assuming ideal opamp conditions\n", + "V_i=0#\n", + "I_1=0#\n", + "I_2=-I_B_max#\n", + "V_o_bias_max=-R_2*I_2-R_1*I_1#\n", + "V_o_bias_min=0# #no minimum value of I_B is specified\n", + "#3)OFFSET-CURRENT SOURCE\n", + "#by analysis as in bias-current sources\n", + "V_o_osI_max=R_2*I_os_max/2#\n", + "V_o_osI_min=-R_2*I_os_max/2#\n", + "\n", + "V_o_max=V_o_osV_max+V_o_bias_max+V_o_osI_max# #maximum output volage\n", + "V_o_min=V_o_osV_min+V_o_bias_min+V_o_osI_min# #minimum output voltage\n", + "print 'Maximum output voltage = %0.2f milli-volts'%(V_o_max*10**3)\n", + "print 'Minimum output voltage = %0.2f milli-volts'%(V_o_min*10**3)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter15_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter15_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ddde654 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter15_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,539 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 15 : Magnetic circuits and transformers " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 668 Ex: 15.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "In the below two values,i represents sin(200*pi*t)\n", + "flux = j*2.513e-03 webers\n", + "flux linkages = j*0.25 weber turns\n", + "In the below answer, i represents cos(200*pi*t)\n", + "Voltage induced in the coil = 0.00+j*157.91 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "M_r=5000# #relative permeability\n", + "R=10*10**-2#\n", + "r=2*10**-2#\n", + "N=100# #number of turns\n", + "#complex number 'i' is used as a symbol here\n", + "I=2*1J# #here 'i' represents sin(200*pi*t), not as a complex number\n", + "M_o=4*pi*10**-7# #permeability of free space\n", + "M=M_r*M_o# #permeability of the core material\n", + "phi=M*N*I*r**2/(2*R)# #flux\n", + "FL=N*phi# #flux linkages\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'In the below two values,i represents sin(200*pi*t)' #t-time\n", + "print 'flux = j*{:0.3e} webers'.format(phi.imag)\n", + "print 'flux linkages = j*{:.2f} weber turns'.format(FL.imag)\n", + "#differentiating 'λ' with respect to t\n", + "print 'In the below answer, i represents cos(200*pi*t)'\n", + "print 'Voltage induced in the coil = {0:.2f}+j*{1:0.2f} volts'.format((FL*200*pi).real,(FL*200*pi).imag)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 670 Ex: 15.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Current value = 2.01 amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "M_r=6000# #relative permeability\n", + "M_o=4*pi*10**-7# #permeability of free space\n", + "w_r=3*10**-2# #width of rectangular cross-section\n", + "d_r=2*10**-2# #depth of rectangular cross-section\n", + "N=500# #number of turns of coil\n", + "B_gap=0.25# #flux density\n", + "gap=0.5*10**-2# #air gap\n", + "#centerline of the flux path is a square of side 6cm\n", + "l_s=6*10**-2# #side of square\n", + "l_core=4*l_s-gap# #mean length of the iron core\n", + "A_core=w_r*d_r# #cross-sectional area of the core\n", + "M_core=M_r*M_o# #permeability of core\n", + "R_core=l_core/(M_core*A_core)# #reluctance of the core\n", + "A_gap=(d_r+gap)*(w_r+gap)# #effective area of gap\n", + "M_gap=M_o# #permeability of air(gap)\n", + "R_gap=gap/(M_gap*A_gap)# #reluctance of gap\n", + "R=R_gap+R_core# #total reluctance\n", + "phi=B_gap*A_gap# #flux\n", + "F=phi*R# #magnetomotive force\n", + "i=F/N# #current\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Current value = %0.2f amperes'%i" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 672 Ex: 15.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "flux density in gap a = 0.11 tesla\n", + "flux density in gap b = 0.22 tesla\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "w_core=2*10**-2# #width\n", + "d_core=2*10**-2# #depth\n", + "A_core=w_core*d_core# #area of core\n", + "M_r=1000# #relative permeability\n", + "M_o=4*pi*10**-7# #permeability of free space\n", + "gap_a=1*10**-2#\n", + "gap_b=0.5*10**-2#\n", + "N=500# #number of turns of coil\n", + "i=2# #current in the coil\n", + "l_c=10*10**-2# #length for center path\n", + "R_c=l_c/(M_r*M_o*A_core)# #reluctance of center path\n", + "#For left side\n", + "#taking fringing ino account\n", + "A_gap_a=(w_core+gap_a)*(d_core+gap_a)# #area of gap a\n", + "R_gap_a=gap_a/(M_o*A_gap_a)# #reluctance of gap a\n", + "l_s=10*10**-2# #side of square\n", + "l_core_l=3*l_s-gap_a# #mean length on left side\n", + "R_core_l=l_core_l/(M_r*M_o*A_core)# #reluctance of core\n", + "R_L=R_core_l+R_gap_a# #total reluctance on left side\n", + "#For right side\n", + "#taking fringing ino account\n", + "A_gap_b=(w_core+gap_b)*(d_core+gap_b)# #area of gap b\n", + "R_gap_b=gap_b/(M_o*A_gap_b)# #reluctance of gap b\n", + "l_s=10*10**-2# #side of square\n", + "l_core_r=3*l_s-gap_b# #mean length on right side\n", + "R_core_r=l_core_r/(M_r*M_o*A_core)# #reluctance of core\n", + "R_R=R_core_r+R_gap_b# #total reluctance on right side\n", + "R_T=R_c+1/((1/R_L)+(1/(R_R)))# #total reluctance\n", + "phi_c=N*i/(R_T)# #flux in the center leg of coil\n", + "#by current-division principle\n", + "phi_L=phi_c*R_R/(R_L+R_R)# #left side\n", + "phi_R=phi_c*R_L/(R_L+R_R)# #right side\n", + "B_L=phi_L/A_gap_a# #flux density in gap a\n", + "B_R=phi_R/A_gap_b# #flux density in gap b\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'flux density in gap a = %0.2f tesla'%B_L\n", + "print 'flux density in gap b = %0.2f tesla'%B_R" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 673 Ex: 15.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Inductance of the given coil = 54.35 milli-henry\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "N=500# #number of turns of coil\n", + "R=4.6*10**6# #reluctance of the magnetic path from ex15.5\n", + "L=N**2/R# #inductance\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Inductance of the given coil = %0.2f milli-henry'%(L*10**3) #milli-10**-3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 674 Ex: 15.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "self-inductance of coil 1 = 1.0 milli henry\n", + "self-inductance of coil 2 = 4.0 in milli henry\n", + "mutual inductance of the coils = (2+0j) milli henry\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "R=10**7# #reluctance of core\n", + "N_1=100# #turns for coil 1\n", + "N_2=200# #turns for coil 2\n", + "L_1=N_1**2/R# #self-inductance of coil 1\n", + "L_2=N_2**2/R# #self-inductance of coil 2\n", + "#here, complex number i represents i_1 in textbook\n", + "phi_1=N_1*1J/R# #flux produced by i(i_1)\n", + "L_21=N_2*phi_1# #flux linkages of coil 2 from current in coil 1\n", + "M=L_21/1J# #mutual inductance\n", + "#milli-(10**-3)\n", + "print 'self-inductance of coil 1 =',L_1*10**3,'milli henry'\n", + "print 'self-inductance of coil 2 =',L_2*10**3,'in milli henry'\n", + "print 'mutual inductance of the coils =',M*10**3, 'milli henry'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 675 Ex: 15.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "The required turns ratio N1/N2 = 21.364\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s_rms=4700# #for source\n", + "V_L_rms=220# #load voltage\n", + "tr=V_s_rms/V_L_rms# #turns ratio\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'The required turns ratio N1/N2 = %0.3f'%tr" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 676 Ex: 15.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "OPEN switch\n", + "Primary voltage = 110.00 volts\n", + "Secondary voltage = 22.00 volts\n", + "Current in primary and secondary windings = 0 in amperes\n", + "CLOSED switch\n", + "Primary voltage = 110.00 volts\n", + "Secondary voltage = 22.00 volts\n", + "Current in primary winding = 0.44 amperes\n", + "Current in secondary winding = 2.20 amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_1_rms=110#\n", + "R_L=10#\n", + "tr=5# #turns ratio(N1/N2)\n", + "V_2_rms=V_1_rms/tr# #primary and secondary voltage relation\n", + "#a)open switch\n", + "print 'OPEN switch'\n", + "print 'Primary voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_1_rms\n", + "print 'Secondary voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_2_rms\n", + "#As switch is open, current in second winding is 0 which implies the current in primary coil to be 0 (ideal transformer condition)\n", + "print 'Current in primary and secondary windings =',0,'in amperes'\n", + "#b)closed switch\n", + "print 'CLOSED switch'\n", + "I_2_rms=V_2_rms/R_L# #ohm's law\n", + "I_1_rms=I_2_rms/tr# #ideal transformer condition\n", + "print 'Primary voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_1_rms\n", + "print 'Secondary voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_2_rms\n", + "print 'Current in primary winding = %0.2f amperes'%I_1_rms\n", + "print 'Current in secondary winding = %0.2f amperes'%I_2_rms" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 677 Ex: 15.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "PRIMARY CURRENT:\n", + "peak value = 0.35 amperes\n", + "phase angle = -45.00 degrees\n", + "PRIMARY VOLTAGE:\n", + "peak value = 790.57 amperes\n", + "phase angle = 18.43 degrees\n", + "SECONDARY CURRENT\n", + "peak value = 3.54 amperes\n", + "phase angle = -45.00 degrees\n", + "SECONDARY VOLTAGE\n", + "peak value = 79.06 amperes\n", + "phase angle = 18.43 degrees\n", + "power delivered to load = 62.50 watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from cmath import sin,cos,polar,phase,sqrt\n", + "V_s=1000*complex(cos(0),sin(0))# #source voltage phasor\n", + "R_1=10**3#\n", + "R_L=10#\n", + "Z_L_1=R_L+1J*20# #impedance\n", + "tr=10# #turns ratio(N1/N2)\n", + "Z_L_2=(tr**2)*Z_L_1# #reflecting Z_L_1 onto primary side\n", + "Z_s=R_1+Z_L_2# #total impedance seen by the source \n", + "\n", + "Z_s_max = abs(Z_s)\n", + "Z_s_phi=phase(Z_s)\n", + "#primary quantities\n", + "I_1=V_s/Z_s#\n", + "I_1_max = abs(I_1)\n", + "I_1_phi = phase(I_1)\n", + "V_1=I_1*Z_L_2#\n", + "V_1_max=abs(V_1)\n", + "V_1_phi=phase(V_1)\n", + "#using turns ratio to find secondary quantities\n", + "I_2=tr*I_1#\n", + "I_2_max=abs(I_2)\n", + "I_2_phi=phase(I_2)\n", + "V_2=V_1/tr#\n", + "V_2_max=abs(V_2)\n", + "V_2_phi=phase(V_2)\n", + "I_2_rms=I_2_max/sqrt(2)#\n", + "P_L=(I_2_rms**2)*R_L# #power to load\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "#we take real parts of angles to take out neglegible and unnecessary imaginary parts(if any are there)\n", + "print 'PRIMARY CURRENT:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f amperes'%I_1_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%((I_1_phi*180/pi).real)\n", + "print 'PRIMARY VOLTAGE:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f amperes'%(V_1_max)\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%((V_1_phi*180/pi).real)\n", + "print 'SECONDARY CURRENT'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f amperes'%I_2_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%((I_2_phi*180/pi).real)\n", + "print 'SECONDARY VOLTAGE'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f amperes'%(V_2_max)\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%((V_2_phi*180/pi).real)\n", + "print 'power delivered to load = %0.2f watts'%abs(P_L)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 678 Ex: 15.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Reflected voltage:\n", + "Peak value = 100.00 volts\n", + "phase angle = 0.00 degrees\n", + "Reflected resistance = 10.00 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from cmath import polar,pi,sin,cos\n", + "V_s=1000*complex(cos(0),sin(0))# #source voltage phasor\n", + "R_1=10**3#\n", + "tr=10# #turns ratio(N1/N2)\n", + "V_S=V_s/tr# #reflected voltage\n", + "V_S_max=polar(V_S)[0]\n", + "V_S_phi=polar(V_S)[1]\n", + "R1=R_1/(tr**2)# #reflected resistance\n", + "#we take real parts of angles to take out neglegible and unnecessary imaginary parts(if any are there)\n", + "print 'Reflected voltage:'\n", + "print 'Peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_S_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_S_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'Reflected resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 679 Ex: 15.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Percent regulation = 4.51\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from cmath import polar,pi,sin,cos,acos\n", + "\n", + "V_L_max=240#\n", + "V_L=V_L_max*complex(cos(0),sin(0))# #load voltage\n", + "R_1=3#\n", + "R_2=0.03#\n", + "R_c=100*10**3# #core-loss resistance\n", + "tr=10# #turns ratio(N1/N2)\n", + "#leakage reactances\n", + "Z_1=1J*6.5#\n", + "Z_2=1J*0.07#\n", + "Z_m=1J*15*10**3#\n", + "P_R=20*10**3# #rated power\n", + "I_2_max=P_R/(V_L.real)#\n", + "PF=0.8# #power factor\n", + "phi=-acos(PF)# #-ve for lagging power\n", + "I_2=complex(I_2_max*cos(phi),I_2_max*sin(phi))# #phasor\n", + "I_1=I_2/tr# #primary current\n", + "I_1_max=polar(I_1)[0]\n", + "I_1_phi =polar(I_1)[1]\n", + "V_2=V_L+(R_2+Z_2)*I_2# #KVL equation\n", + "V_1=tr*V_2#\n", + "V_s=V_1+(R_1+Z_1)*I_1# #KVL equation\n", + "V_s_max = polar(V_s)[0]\n", + "V_s_phi =polar(V_s)[1]#\n", + "P_loss=((V_s_max**2)/R_c)+((I_1_max**2)*R_1)+((I_2_max**2)*R_2)# #power loss in transformer\n", + "P_L=V_L*I_2*PF# #power to load\n", + "P_in=P_L+P_loss# #input power\n", + "P_eff=(1-(P_loss/P_in))*100#\n", + "#under no-load condtions\n", + "I_1=0#\n", + "I_2=0#\n", + "V_1=V_s_max#\n", + "V_no_load=V_1/tr#\n", + "PR=((V_no_load-V_L_max)/V_L_max)*100#\n", + "print 'Percent regulation = %0.2f'%PR" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter16_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter16_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ee8ef876 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter16_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,393 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 16 : DC Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 719 Ex: 16.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Power loss with full-load = 312.19 watts\n", + "Efficiency with full-load = 92.28\n", + "Input power with no-load = 274.36 watts\n", + "speed regulation percentage for the motor : 3.91\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "V_rms=440#\n", + "P_o_fl=5*746# #full-load rated output power\n", + "I_rms_fl=6.8# #full-load line current\n", + "PF_fl=0.78# #full-load power factor\n", + "n_fl=1150# #full-load speed in rpm\n", + "I_rms_nl=1.2# #no-load line current\n", + "PF_nl=0.3# #no-load power factor\n", + "n_nl=1195# #no-load speed in rpm\n", + "P_in_fl=sqrt(3)*V_rms*I_rms_fl*PF_fl# #full-load input power\n", + "P_loss_fl=P_in_fl-P_o_fl# #full-load power loss\n", + "eff_fl=(P_o_fl/P_in_fl)*100# #full-load efficiency\n", + "P_in_nl=sqrt(3)*V_rms*I_rms_nl*PF_nl# #no-load input power\n", + "P_o_nl=0# #no-load output power\n", + "eff_nl=0# #no-load efficiency('0' as P_o_nl=0)\n", + "SR=(n_nl-n_fl)*100/n_fl# #speed regulation\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Power loss with full-load = %0.2f watts'%P_loss_fl\n", + "print 'Efficiency with full-load = %0.2f'%eff_fl\n", + "print 'Input power with no-load = %0.2f watts'%P_in_nl\n", + "print 'speed regulation percentage for the motor : %0.2f'%SR" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 720 Ex: 16.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "CASE a:\n", + "initial current = 40.00 amperes\n", + "initial force on the bar = 12.00 newtons\n", + "steady-state final speed = 6.67 m/s\n", + "CASE b:\n", + "steady-state speed = 4.44 m/s\n", + "power delivered by V_t = 26.67 watts\n", + "power delivered to mechanical load = 17.78 watts\n", + "power lost to heat in the resistance = 8.89 watts\n", + "effciency of converting electrical power to mechanical power : 66.67\n", + "CASE c:\n", + "steady-state speed = 7.78 m/s\n", + "power taken from mechanical source = 15.56 watts\n", + "power delivered to the battery = 13.33 watts\n", + "power lost to heat in the resistance = 2.22 watts\n", + "efficiency of converting mechanical power to electrical power : 85.71\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "\n", + "B=1# #magnetic flux density\n", + "l=0.3#\n", + "V_T=2#\n", + "R_A=0.05#\n", + "#CASE a\n", + "#bar is stationary at t=0\n", + "u_ini=0# #initial velocity of bar is 0\n", + "e_A=B*l*u_ini# #induced voltage\n", + "i_A_ini=(V_T-e_A)/R_A# #initial current\n", + "F_ini=B*l*i_A_ini# #initial force on the bar\n", + "#steady state condition with no-load e_A=B*l*u=V_T\n", + "u=V_T/(B*l)# #from steady state condition with no-load\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'CASE a:'\n", + "print 'initial current = %0.2f amperes'%i_A_ini\n", + "print 'initial force on the bar = %0.2f newtons'%F_ini\n", + "print 'steady-state final speed = %0.2f m/s'%u\n", + "#CASE b\n", + "F_load=4# #mechanical load\n", + "#steady state condition F=B*l*i_A=F_load\n", + "i_A=F_load/(B*l)# #from steady state condition\n", + "e_A=V_T-R_A*i_A# #induced voltage\n", + "u=e_A/(B*l)# #steady-state speed\n", + "P_m=F_load*u# #mechanical power\n", + "P_t=V_T*i_A# #power taken from battery\n", + "P_R=i_A**2*R_A# #power dissipated in the resistance\n", + "eff=P_m*100/P_t# #efficiency\n", + "print 'CASE b:'\n", + "print 'steady-state speed = %0.2f m/s'%u\n", + "print 'power delivered by V_t = %0.2f watts'%P_t\n", + "print 'power delivered to mechanical load = %0.2f watts'%P_m\n", + "print 'power lost to heat in the resistance = %0.2f watts'%P_R\n", + "print 'effciency of converting electrical power to mechanical power : %0.2f'%eff\n", + "#CASE c\n", + "#with the pulling force acting to the right, machine operates as a generator\n", + "F_pull=2# #pulling force\n", + "#steady-state condition F=B*l*i_A=F_pull\n", + "i_A=F_pull/(B*l)# #from steady-state condition\n", + "e_A=V_T+R_A*i_A# #induced voltage\n", + "u=e_A/(B*l)# #steady-state speed\n", + "P_m=F_pull*u# #mechanical power\n", + "P_t=V_T*i_A# #power taken by battery\n", + "P_R=i_A**2*R_A# #power dissipated in the resistance\n", + "eff=P_t*100/P_m# #efficiency\n", + "print 'CASE c:'\n", + "print 'steady-state speed = %0.2f m/s'%u\n", + "print 'power taken from mechanical source = %0.2f watts'%P_m\n", + "print 'power delivered to the battery = %0.2f watts'%P_t\n", + "print 'power lost to heat in the resistance = %0.2f watts'%P_R\n", + "print 'efficiency of converting mechanical power to electrical power : %0.2f'%eff" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 721 Ex: 16.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Voltage applied to field circuit = 125.00 volts\n", + "Voltage applied to armature 105.67 volts\n", + "Developed torque = 34.62 Nm\n", + "Developed power = 2900.00 watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "n_2=800# #speed in rpm\n", + "I_A=30# #armature current\n", + "I_F=2.5# #field current\n", + "R_A=0.3# #armature resistance\n", + "R_F=50# #field resistance\n", + "V_F=I_F*R_F# #field coil voltage\n", + "#E_A1 and n_1 from magnetization curve\n", + "E_A1=145# #induced voltage\n", + "n_1=1200# #speed in rpm\n", + "E_A2=n_2*E_A1/n_1#\n", + "W_m=n_2*2*pi/60# #speed in radians per second\n", + "K=E_A2/W_m# #K*phi is taken as K, machine constant\n", + "T_dev=K*I_A# #developed torque\n", + "P_dev=W_m*T_dev# #developed power\n", + "V_T=R_A*I_A+E_A2# #voltage applied to armature\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Voltage applied to field circuit = %0.2f volts'%V_F\n", + "print 'Voltage applied to armature %0.2f volts'%V_T\n", + "print 'Developed torque = %0.2f Nm'%T_dev #Nm-newton meter\n", + "print 'Developed power = %0.2f watts'%P_dev" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 722 Ex: 16.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Motor speed = 995.87 rpm\n", + "Efficiency of the motor : 85.28\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi\n", + "V_T=240# #dc supply voltage\n", + "R_A=0.065# #armature resistance\n", + "R_F=10# #field resistance\n", + "R_adj=14# #adjustable resistance\n", + "n=1200# #speed in rpm\n", + "P_rot=1450# #rotational power loss\n", + "T_out=250# #hoist torque\n", + "I_F=V_T/(R_F+R_adj)# #field current\n", + "#E_A at I_F and n from magnetization curve \n", + "E_A_1=280# #armature voltage\n", + "W_m_1=n*2*pi/60# #speed in radians per second\n", + "K=E_A_1/W_m_1# #machine constant\n", + "T_rot=P_rot/W_m_1# #rotational loss-torque\n", + "T_dev=T_rot+T_out# #developed torque\n", + "I_A=T_dev/K# #armature current\n", + "E_A_2=V_T-R_A*I_A# #applying KVL\n", + "W_m_2=E_A_2/K# #speed in radians per second\n", + "n_m=W_m_2*60/(2*pi)# #speed in rpm\n", + "P_out=T_out*W_m_2# #output power\n", + "I_L=I_F+I_A# #line current\n", + "P_in=V_T*I_L# #input power\n", + "eff=P_out*100/P_in# #efficiency\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Motor speed = %0.2f rpm'%n_m\n", + "print 'Efficiency of the motor : %0.2f'%eff" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 723 Ex: 16.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Output power for load torque=12 = 1507.96 watts\n", + "speed for torque=24 = 848.53 rpm\n", + "Output power for load torque=24 = 2132.58 watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "n_m_1=1200# #speed in rpm\n", + "T_out_1=12# #motor torque\n", + "W_m_1=n_m_1*2*pi/60# #angular speed\n", + "#As we are neglecting losses, the output torque and power are equal to the developed torque and power respectively\n", + "P_out_1=W_m_1*T_out_1# #output power\n", + "#For Torque=24\n", + "T_out_2=24#\n", + "T_dev_2=T_out_2#\n", + "#T_dev=K*K_F*V_T**2/(R_A+R_F+K*K_F*W_m**2)\n", + "#neglecting resistances and with the above equation for T_dev, we get inverse relation between torque and square of speed\n", + "W_m_2=W_m_1*sqrt(T_out_1)/sqrt(T_dev_2)#\n", + "n_m_2=W_m_2*60/(2*pi)#\n", + "P_out_2=T_dev_2*W_m_2#\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Output power for load torque=12 = %0.2f watts'%P_out_1\n", + "print 'speed for torque=24 = %0.2f rpm'%n_m_2\n", + "print 'Output power for load torque=24 = %0.2f watts'%P_out_2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 724 Ex: 16.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Field current = 10.00 amperes\n", + "no-load voltage = 233.33 volts\n", + "full-load voltage = 220.33 volts\n", + "percentage voltage regulation : 5.90\n", + "input torque = 495.07 Nm\n", + "developed torque = 445.63 Nm\n", + "all types of power losses combined = 5176.47 watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "V_F=140# #field voltage\n", + "R_F=10# #field resistance\n", + "R_adj=4# #adjusting resistance\n", + "R_A=0.065# #armature resistance\n", + "n_A=1000# #armature speed in rpm\n", + "I_fl=200# #full-load current\n", + "eff=0.85# #efficiency not including power supplied to field circuit\n", + "I_F=V_F/(R_adj+R_F)# #field current\n", + "#E, voltage from magnetization curve for speed of n=1200\n", + "n=1200#\n", + "E=280# #voltage of armature\n", + "#E_A is no-load voltage\n", + "E_A=E*n_A/n# #E_A is proportional to speed\n", + "V_FL=E_A-R_A*I_fl# #full-load voltage\n", + "VR=(E_A-V_FL)*100/V_FL# #voltage regulation\n", + "P_out=I_fl*V_FL# #output power\n", + "P_dev=P_out+(I_fl**2)*R_A# #developed power\n", + "W_m=n_A*2*pi/60# #angular speed\n", + "P_in=P_out/eff# #input power\n", + "P_loss=P_in-P_dev# #all power losses combined\n", + "T_in=P_in/W_m# #input torque\n", + "T_dev=P_dev/W_m# #developed torque\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Field current = %0.2f amperes'%I_F\n", + "print 'no-load voltage = %0.2f volts'%E_A\n", + "print 'full-load voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_FL\n", + "print 'percentage voltage regulation : %0.2f'%VR\n", + "print 'input torque = %0.2f Nm'%T_in\n", + "print 'developed torque = %0.2f Nm'%T_dev\n", + "print 'all types of power losses combined = %0.2f watts'%P_loss" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter17_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter17_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8315b9a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter17_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,354 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 17 : AC Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 774 Ex: 17.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Power factor : 0.89\n", + "line current = 37.58 amperes\n", + "output power = 26494.77 watts\n", + "output torque = 144.91 Nm\n", + "efficiency percentage : 88.50\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from cmath import polar\n", + "from math import sin,cos,pi,sqrt\n", + "P_rot=900# #rotational losses\n", + "V_L=440*complex(cos(0),sin(0))#\n", + "R_s=1.2#\n", + "X_s=1J*2#\n", + "X_m=1J*50#\n", + "R_r_1=0.6#\n", + "R_r_2=19.4#\n", + "X_r=1J*0.8#\n", + "n_m=1746# #machine operating speed in rpm\n", + "W_m=n_m*2*pi/60# #speed in radians per second\n", + "n_s=1800# #synchronous speed for a four-pole monitor\n", + "s=(n_s-n_m)/n_s# #slip\n", + "Z_s=R_s+X_s+(X_m*(R_r_1+R_r_2+X_r))/(X_m+R_r_1+R_r_2+X_r)# #impedance seen by the source\n", + "Z_s_max=polar(Z_s)[0]\n", + "phi=polar(Z_s)[1]\n", + "Z_s_phi=(phi.real)# #removing negligible imaginary part(if any is there)\n", + "PF=cos(Z_s_phi)# #power factor\n", + "V_s=V_L# #phase voltage\n", + "I_s=V_s/Z_s# #phase current\n", + "I_s_max=polar(I_s)[0]\n", + "I_s_phi=polar(I_s)[1]\n", + "I_L=I_s_max*sqrt(3)# #line current\n", + "P_in=3*I_s*V_s*PF# #input power\n", + "V_x=I_s*(X_m*(R_r_1+R_r_2+X_r))/(X_m+R_r_1+R_r_2+X_r)#\n", + "I_r=V_x/(X_r+R_r_1+R_r_2)#\n", + "I_r_max=polar(I_s)[0]\n", + "I_r_phi=polar(I_r)[1]#\n", + "P_s=3*R_s*I_s_max**2# #copper loss in stator\n", + "P_r=3*R_r_1*I_r_max**2# #copper loss in rotor\n", + "P_dev=3*(1-s)*R_r_1*I_r_max**2/s# #developed power\n", + "#we may verify that P_in=P_dev+P_s+P_r to within rounding error\n", + "P_in=P_dev+P_s+P_r# #input power\n", + "P_o=P_dev-P_rot# #output power\n", + "T_o=P_o/W_m# #output torque\n", + "eff=P_o*100/P_in# #efficiency\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Power factor : %0.2f'%PF\n", + "print 'line current = %0.2f amperes'%I_L\n", + "print 'output power = %0.2f watts'%P_o\n", + "print 'output torque = %0.2f Nm'%T_o\n", + "print 'efficiency percentage : %0.2f'%eff" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 775 Ex: 17.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Starting line current = 229.99 A\n", + "Torque = 163.08 Nm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from cmath import polar\n", + "from math import sin,cos,pi,sqrt\n", + "s=1# #slip for starting\n", + "V_L=440*complex(cos(0),sin(0))#\n", + "f=60#\n", + "R_s=1.2#\n", + "X_s=1J*2#\n", + "X_m=1J*50#\n", + "R_r_1=0.6#\n", + "R_r_2=19.4#\n", + "X_r=1J*0.8#\n", + "Z_eq=X_m*(R_r_1+X_r)/(X_m+R_r_1+X_r)# #equivalent impedance to the right in the figure in textbook\n", + "Z_s=R_s+X_s+Z_eq#\n", + "I_s=V_s/Z_s# #starting phase current\n", + "I_s_max=polar(I_s)[0]\n", + "phi=polar(I_s)[1]\n", + "I_L=sqrt(3)*I_s_max# #starting line current\n", + "#I_L here is almost six times larger than in previous example. It is a typical characteristic of induction motors.\n", + "P_ag=3*(Z_eq.real)*I_s_max**2# #power crossing air gap\n", + "W_s=2*pi*(60)#\n", + "T_dev=P_ag/(W_s/2)#\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Starting line current = %0.2f A'%I_L\n", + "print 'Torque = %0.2f Nm'%T_dev" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 776 Ex: 17.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Power crossing the air gap = 8708.08 watts\n", + "developed power = 8558.08 watts\n", + "output power = 8058.08 watts\n", + "effciency percentage : 88.47\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "V_L=220#\n", + "V_s=V_L/sqrt(3)# #phase voltage\n", + "I_s=31.87#\n", + "P_s=400# #total stator copper losses\n", + "P_r=150# #total rotoe copper losses\n", + "P_rot=500# #rotational losses\n", + "PF=0.75# #power factor\n", + "P_in=3*V_s*I_s*PF# #input power\n", + "P_ag=P_in-P_s# #air-gap power\n", + "P_dev=P_in-P_s-P_r# #developed power\n", + "P_o=P_dev-P_rot# #output power\n", + "eff=P_o*100/P_in# #efficiency\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Power crossing the air gap = %0.2f watts'%P_ag\n", + "print 'developed power = %0.2f watts'%P_dev\n", + "print 'output power = %0.2f watts'%P_o\n", + "print 'effciency percentage : %0.2f'%eff #this value is given wrong in the textbook" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 777 Ex: 17.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "CASE a:\n", + "speed = 900.00 rpm\n", + "developed torque = 395.77 Nm\n", + "CASE b:\n", + "Phase current:\n", + "peak value = 28.78 amperes\n", + "phase angle = 25.84 degrees\n", + "Voltage induced by rotor:\n", + "peak value = 498.88 volts\n", + "phase angle = -4.17 degrees\n", + "torque angle = 4.17 degrees\n", + "CASE c:\n", + "Phase current:\n", + "peak value = 52.71 amperes\n", + "phase angle = 10.61 degrees\n", + "Voltage induced by rotor:\n", + "peak value = 498.88 volts\n", + "phase angle = -8.36 degrees\n", + "torque angle = 8.36 degrees\n", + "power factor : 0.98\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,sin,cos,atan,asin\n", + "\n", + "P_dev_1=50*746# #developed power\n", + "V_L=480# #line voltage\n", + "PF=0.9# #power factor\n", + "f=60# #frequency\n", + "P=8# #number of poles\n", + "X_s=1.4# #synchronous reactance\n", + "#CASE a\n", + "n_s=120*f/P# #speed of machine in rpm\n", + "W_s=n_s*2*pi/60# #speed in radians per second\n", + "T_dev=P_dev_1/W_s# #developed torque\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'CASE a:'\n", + "print 'speed = %0.2f rpm'%n_s\n", + "print 'developed torque = %0.2f Nm'%T_dev\n", + "#CASE b\n", + "V_a=V_L# #phase voltage\n", + "I_a_max=P_dev_1/(3*V_a*PF)# #phase current\n", + "phi=acos(PF)#\n", + "I_a=I_a_max*complex(cos(phi),sin(phi))#\n", + "E_r=V_a-1J*X_s*I_a# #voltage induced by rotor\n", + "E_r_max=sqrt(((E_r.real)**2)+((E_r.imag)**2))#\n", + "E_r_phi=atan((E_r.imag)/(E_r.real))#\n", + "TA=-E_r_phi# #torque angle\n", + "print 'CASE b:'\n", + "print 'Phase current:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f amperes'%I_a_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'Voltage induced by rotor:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%E_r_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(E_r_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'torque angle = %0.2f degrees'%(TA*180/pi)\n", + "#CASE c\n", + "#excitation constant means the values of I_f, B_r and E_r are constant\n", + "P_dev_2=100*746#\n", + "sin_t=P_dev_2*sin(TA)/P_dev_1# #developed power is proportional to sin_t\n", + "t=asin(sin_t)#\n", + "E_r=E_r_max*complex(cos(-t),sin(-t))# #E_r is constant in magnitude\n", + "I_a=(V_a-E_r)/(1J*X_s)# #new phase current\n", + "I_a_max=sqrt(((I_a.real)**2)+((I_a.imag)**2))#\n", + "I_a_phi=atan((I_a.imag)/(I_a.real))#\n", + "PF=cos(I_a_phi)#\n", + "print 'CASE c:'\n", + "print 'Phase current:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f amperes'%I_a_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(I_a_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'Voltage induced by rotor:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%E_r_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(-t*180/pi)\n", + "print 'torque angle = %0.2f degrees'%(t*180/pi)\n", + "print 'power factor : %0.2f'%(PF)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 778 Ex: 17.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "The new field current to achieve 100% power factor = 12.05 amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt,acos,sin,cos,atan,asin\n", + "from cmath import polar\n", + "V_a=480# #phase voltage\n", + "f=60# #frequency\n", + "P_dev=200*746# #developed power\n", + "PF=0.85# #power factor\n", + "I_f_1=10# #field current\n", + "X_s=1.4# #synchronous resistance\n", + "phi=acos(PF)#\n", + "I_a_1_max=P_dev/(3*V_a*PF)# #phase current\n", + "I_a_1_phi=-phi#\n", + "I_a_1=I_a_1_max*complex(cos(-phi),sin(-phi))#\n", + "E_r_1=V_a-1J*X_s*I_a_1# #rotor induced voltage\n", + "E_r_1_max=polar(E_r_1)[0]\n", + "E_r_1_phi=polar(E_r_1)[1]\n", + "#to achieve 100 percent power factor, increase I_a until it is in phase with V_a\n", + "I_a_2=P_dev/(3*V_a*cos(0))#\n", + "E_r_2=V_a-1J*X_s*I_a_2#\n", + "E_r_2_max=polar(E_r_2)[0]\n", + "E_r_2_phi=polar(E_r_2)[1]\n", + "I_f_2=I_f_1*E_r_2_max/E_r_1_max# #magnitude of E_r proportional to field current\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'The new field current to achieve 100%% power factor = %0.2f amperes'%I_f_2" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter1_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter1_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a61ed1a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter1_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 1 : Introduction" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 45 Ex: 1.1 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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v+DE80EYXZZ6ffvqJL774gu+//z4RW2iuF5EGqvqjiDTEXUVDwPUaXL2+7DK4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\n35bJDqNQJwRrLjIm9dx2G9S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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f3ff2a1f110>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,show,subplot,title,xlabel,ylabel\n", + "from numpy import arange,exp\n", + "#As both q and i are 0 when t<0, graph coincides with x-axis till t=0 and we here,show the part where t>0\n", + "t=arange(0,0.04+0.000001,0.000001)\n", + "q=[];i=[]\n", + "for time in t:\n", + " q.append(2*(1-exp(-100*time)))\n", + " #current i=dq/dt=200*e**(-100*t)\n", + " i.append(200*exp(-100*time))\n", + "subplot(121)\n", + "title('charge vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('charge in coulombs')\n", + "#ms-milli second(10**-3)\n", + "plot(t*10**3,q)\n", + "subplot(122)\n", + "title('current vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('current in amperes') #ms-milli second(10**-3)\n", + "plot(t*10**3,i)\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 46 Ex: 1.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ELEMENT A :\n", + "Power for element A in watts is 24\n", + "As a battery, element A is being charged\n", + "ELEMENT B\n", + "Power for element B in watts is -12\n", + "As a battery, element B is being discharged\n", + "ELEMENT C\n", + "Power for element C in watts is -36\n", + "As a battery, element C is being discharged\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#element A\n", + "print 'ELEMENT A :'\n", + "V_a=12#\n", + "i_a=2#\n", + "P_a=V_a*i_a# #passive reference configuration (current enters through +ve polarity)\n", + "if(P_a>0): #absorption of power\n", + " print 'Power for element A in watts is',P_a\n", + " print 'As a battery, element A is being charged'\n", + "elif(P_a<0) : #supplying of power\n", + " print 'Power for element A in watts is',P_a\n", + " print 'As a battery, element A is being discharged'\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#element B\n", + "print 'ELEMENT B'\n", + "V_b=12#\n", + "i_b=1#\n", + "P_b=-V_b*i_b# #opposite to passive reference configuration (current enters through -ve polarity)\n", + "if(P_b>0): #absorption of power\n", + " print 'Power for element B in watts is',P_b\n", + " print 'As a battery, element B is being charged'\n", + "elif(P_b<0) : #supplying of power\n", + " print 'Power for element B in watts is',P_b\n", + " print 'As a battery, element B is being discharged'\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#element C\n", + "print 'ELEMENT C'\n", + "V_c=12#\n", + "i_c=-3#\n", + "P_c=V_c*i_c# #passive reference configuration (current enters through +ve polarity)\n", + "if(P_c>0): #absorption of power\n", + " print 'Power for element C in watts is',P_c\n", + " print 'As a battery, element C is being charged'\n", + "elif(P_c<0): #supplying of power\n", + " print 'Power for element C in watts is',P_c\n", + " print 'As a battery, element C is being discharged'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 47 Ex: 1.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Density of Fluid = 937.8 N sec**2/m**4\n", + "\n", + " New Specific Weight = 9195 N/m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# initialisation of variables\n", + "G= 9200 # N/m**2\n", + "g1= 9.81 # m/sec**2\n", + "g2= 9.805 #m/sec**2\n", + "# Calculations\n", + "rho= G/g1\n", + "G2= rho*g2\n", + "# Results\n", + "print 'Density of Fluid = %.1f N sec**2/m**4'%(rho)\n", + "print '\\n New Specific Weight = %.f N/m**3'%(G2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 47 Ex: 1.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of textbook\n", + "Resistance of copper wire = 0.05 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import pi\n", + "d=2.05*10**-3# #diameter of wire\n", + "l=10# #length of wire\n", + "P=1.72*10**-8# #resistivity of copper\n", + "A=pi*d**2/4# #area of wire\n", + "R=P*l/A# #resistance of the copper wire\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of textbook\"\n", + "print 'Resistance of copper wire = %0.2f ohms'%R" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 47 Ex: 1.5 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "resistance of heater element = 9.00 ohms\n", + "operating current = 13.00 amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "P=1500# #power of heater\n", + "V=120# #operating voltage\n", + "R=V**2/P# #resistance of heater element\n", + "i=V/R# #operating current\n", + "print 'resistance of heater element = %0.2f ohms'%R\n", + "print 'operating current = %0.2f amperes'%i" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 48 Ex: 1.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "voltage across resistance = -10.00 volts\n", + "current through resistance = 2.00 amperes\n", + "current through source = -2.00 amperes\n", + "power for voltage source = -20.00 watts\n", + "power for resistance = 20.00 watts\n", + "Results are in agreement with those previously found in the textbook\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "V_s=10# #source voltage\n", + "R=5#\n", + "V_x=-V_s# #Voltage across R(applying KVL)\n", + "#the actual polarity is opposite to the reference, so we take polarity to be +ve at the top end of resistance\n", + "i_x=-V_x/R# #ohm's law(-ve sign as V_x and i_x have references opposite to passive configuration)\n", + "i_y=-i_x# #current through source\n", + "P_s=V_s*i_y# #power for voltage source\n", + "P_R=-V_x*i_x# #power for resistance(-ve sign as V_x and i_x have references opposite to passive configuration)\n", + "print 'voltage across resistance = %0.2f volts'%V_x\n", + "print 'current through resistance = %0.2f amperes'%i_x\n", + "print 'current through source = %0.2f amperes'%i_y\n", + "print 'power for voltage source = %0.2f watts'%P_s\n", + "print 'power for resistance = %0.2f watts'%P_R\n", + "if(V_x==-10 and i_x==2 and i_y==-2 and P_s==-20 and P_R==20):\n", + " print 'Results are in agreement with those previously found in the textbook'\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 48 Ex: 1.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Source voltage for given circuit = 35.00 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "R_1=10#\n", + "R_2=5#\n", + "V_R_2=15# #voltage across R_2\n", + "a=0.5#\n", + "i_y=V_R_2/R_2# #current across R_2\n", + "i_x=i_y*2/3# #current across R_1, by applying KCL at the top end of the controlled source \n", + "V_x=i_x*R_1# #ohm's law\n", + "V_s=V_x+V_R_2# #KVL around the periphery of the circuit\n", + "print 'Source voltage for given circuit = %0.2f volts'%V_s" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter2_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter2_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..108edcf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter2_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,785 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 2 : Resistive Circuits" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 74 Ex: 2.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Equivalent resistance = 20.00 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "R_1=10#\n", + "R_2=20#\n", + "R_3=5#\n", + "R_4=15#\n", + "#We proceed through various combinations of resistances in series or parallel while we replace them with equivalent resistances We start with R_3 and R_4.\n", + "R_eq_1=R_3+R_4# #R_3 and R_4 in series\n", + "R_eq_2=1/((1/R_eq_1)+(1/R_2))# #R_eq_1 and R_2 in parallel\n", + "R_eq=R_1+R_eq_2# #R_1 and R_eq_2 in series\n", + "print 'Equivalent resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R_eq" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 74 Ex: 2.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "FOR SOURCE\n", + "current = 3 amperes\n", + "power = -270.00 watts\n", + "FOR R1\n", + "current = 3.00 amperes\n", + "voltage = 30.00 volts\n", + "power = 90.00 watts\n", + "FOR R2\n", + "2.0 current in amperes\n", + "current = 2.00 amperes\n", + "voltage = 60.00 volts\n", + "power = 120.00 watts\n", + "FOR R3\n", + "current = 1.00 amperes\n", + "voltage = 60.00 volts\n", + "power = 60.00 watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s=90# #source voltage\n", + "R_1=10#\n", + "R_2=30#\n", + "R_3=60#\n", + "R_eq_1=1/((1/R_2)+(1/R_3))# #R_2 and R_3 in parallel\n", + "R_eq=R_1+R_eq_1# #R_1 and R_eq_1 in series\n", + "i_1=V_s/R_eq# #ohm's law\n", + "#i_1 flows clockwise through V_s,R_1 and R_eq_1\n", + "V_2=R_eq_1*i_1# #voltage across R_eq_1\n", + "#As R_eq_1 is equivalent of parallel combination of R_2 and R_3, V_2 appears across both of them\n", + "i_2=V_2/R_2# #ohm's law\n", + "i_3=V_2/R_3# #ohm's law\n", + "#we can verify KCL, i_1=i_2+i_3\n", + "V_1=i_1*R_1# #ohm's law\n", + "#we can verify KVL, V_s=V_1+V_2\n", + "P_s=-V_s*i_1# #source power(-ve sign as V_s and i_1 have references opposite to passive configuration)\n", + "P_1=i_1**2*R_1# #power for R_1\n", + "P_2=V_2**2/R_2# #power for R_2\n", + "P_3=V_2**2/R_3# #power for R_3\n", + "print 'FOR SOURCE'\n", + "print 'current = %0.2g amperes'%i_1\n", + "print 'power = %0.2f watts'%P_s\n", + "print 'FOR R1'\n", + "print 'current = %0.2f amperes'%i_1\n", + "print 'voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_1\n", + "print 'power = %0.2f watts'%P_1\n", + "print 'FOR R2'\n", + "print i_2,'current in amperes'\n", + "print 'current = %0.2f amperes'%i_2\n", + "print 'voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_2\n", + "print 'power = %0.2f watts'%P_2\n", + "print 'FOR R3'\n", + "print 'current = %0.2f amperes'%i_3\n", + "print 'voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_2\n", + "print 'power = %0.2f watts'%P_3\n", + "#we may verify that P_s+P_1+P_2+P_3=0" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 75 Ex: 2.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "voltage across R_1 : 1.50 V\n", + "voltage across R_4 : 9.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_total=15#\n", + "R_1=1*10**3#\n", + "R_2=1*10**3#\n", + "R_3=2*10**3#\n", + "R_4=6*10**3#\n", + "#By voltage-division priciple\n", + "V_1=R_1*V_total/(R_1+R_2+R_3+R_4)# #voltage across R_1\n", + "V_4=R_4*V_total/(R_1+R_2+R_3+R_4)# #voltage across R_4\n", + "print 'voltage across R_1 : %0.2f V'%V_1\n", + "print 'voltage across R_4 : %0.2f V'%V_4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 75 Ex: 2.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "voltage across R2 or R3 = 25.00 volts\n", + "source current = 1.25 amperes\n", + "current through R3 = 0.42 amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s=100# #source current\n", + "R_1=60#\n", + "R_2=30#\n", + "R_3=60#\n", + "R_x=1/((1/R_2)+(1/R_3))# #R_2 and R_3 parallel\n", + "V_x=R_x*V_s/(R_1+R_x)# #voltage across R_x(voltage-division principle)\n", + "i_s=V_s/(R_1+R_x)# #ohm's law\n", + "i_3=R_2*i_s/(R_2+R_3)# #current through R_3(current-division principle)\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'voltage across R2 or R3 = %0.2f volts'%V_x\n", + "print 'source current = %0.2f amperes'%i_s\n", + "print 'current through R3 = %0.2f amperes'%i_3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 76 Ex: 2.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current through R1 = 10.00 amperes from resistance method\n", + "current through R1 = 10.00 amperes from conductance method\n", + "We get the same alue in both methods\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "i_s=15# #source current\n", + "R_1=10#\n", + "R_2=30#\n", + "R_3=60#\n", + "R_eq=1/((1/R_2)+(1/R_3))# #R_2 and R_3 in parallel\n", + "i_1=R_eq*i_s/(R_1+R_eq)# #current through R_1(current-division principle)\n", + "print 'current through R1 = %0.2f amperes from resistance method'%i_1\n", + "#we can also do the above calculations using conductances as shown below.\n", + "#Conductances of respective resistances\n", + "G_1=1/R_1#\n", + "G_2=1/R_2#\n", + "G_3=1/R_3#\n", + "i_1=G_1*i_s/(G_1+G_2+G_3)#\n", + "print 'current through R1 = %0.2f amperes from conductance method'%i_1\n", + "print 'We get the same alue in both methods'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 76 Ex: 2.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The matrix form is\n", + "G*V=I\n", + "where\n", + "G=\n", + "[[ 0.45 -0.25 0. ]\n", + " [-0.25 0.85 -0.2 ]\n", + " [ 0. -0.2 0.3 ]]\n", + "V=\n", + "transpose of [V_1,V_2,V_3]\n", + "and\n", + "I=\n", + "[[-3.5]\n", + " [ 3.5]\n", + " [ 2. ]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat\n", + "print 'The matrix form is'\n", + "print 'G*V=I'\n", + "print 'where'\n", + "G=mat([[0.45,-0.25,0],[-0.25,0.85,-0.20],[0,-0.20,0.30]])\n", + "print 'G=\\n',G\n", + "print 'V='\n", + "print 'transpose of [V_1,V_2,V_3]'\n", + "print 'and'\n", + "I=mat([[-3.5],[3.5],[2]])\n", + "print 'I=\\n',I" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 77 Ex: 2.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated,hence the values in this code differ from those of textbook\n", + "voltage at node1 = 45.45 volts\n", + "voltage at node2 = 72.73 volts\n", + "voltage at node3 = 27.27 volts\n", + "value of current ix = 0.91 amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "from numpy.linalg import solve\n", + "R=20#\n", + "G=mat([[0.35,-0.2,-0.05],[-0.2,0.3,-0.1],[-0.05,-0.1,0.35]]) #coefficient matrix\n", + "I=mat([[0],[10],[0]]) #current matrix\n", + "V=solve(G,I)# #voltage matrix(from G=V*I)\n", + "i_x=(V[0]-V[2])/R#\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated,hence the values in this code differ from those of textbook\"\n", + "print 'voltage at node1 = %0.2f volts'%V[0,0]\n", + "print 'voltage at node2 = %0.2f volts'%V[1,0]\n", + "print 'voltage at node3 = %0.2f volts'%V[2,0]\n", + "print 'value of current ix = %0.2f amperes'%i_x[0,0]\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 80 Ex: 2.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current in mesh1, i1= 4.0 A\n", + "current in mesh2, i2= 1.0 A\n", + "current in mesh3, i3= 2.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "from numpy.linalg import solve\n", + "R=mat([[30, -10, -20],[-10, 22, -12],[-20 ,-12, 46]]) #coefficient matrix\n", + "V=mat([[70],[-42],[0]]) #voltage matrix\n", + "I=solve(R,V)# #current matrix(from R*I=V)\n", + "print 'current in mesh1, i1=',I[0,0],\"A\"\n", + "print 'current in mesh2, i2=',I[1,0],\"A\"\n", + "print 'current in mesh3, i3=',I[2,0],\"A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 81 Ex: 2.15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Value of i1 = 1.0 amperes\n", + "Value of i2 = 2.0 amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "from numpy.linalg import solve\n", + "\n", + "#KVL over the supermesh, we get eqn-1 -20+4(i1)+8(i2)=0\n", + "#Vx=2(i2) ohm's law\n", + "#writing an expression for the source current in terms of mesh currents and substituting Vx from above, we get eqn-2 (1/2)i2=i2-i1\n", + "#Putting eqn-1 and eqn-2 in standard form 4(i1)+8(i2)=20 and i1-(1/2)i2=0\n", + "#solving for currents in matrix method(Ax=b)\n", + "A=mat([[4,8],[1,-1/2]]) #coeffcient matrix\n", + "b=mat([[20],[0]])# #constant matrix\n", + "x=solve(A,b)# #solution\n", + "print 'Value of i1 =',x[0,0],'amperes'\n", + "print 'Value of i2 =',x[1,0],'amperes'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 81 Ex: 2.16" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of textbook\n", + "Thevenin voltage for given circuit = 5.00 volts\n", + "Thevenin voltage for given circuit = 33.33 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s=15# #source voltage\n", + "R_1=100#\n", + "R_2=50#\n", + "#Analysis with an open circuit to find V_t\n", + "i_1=V_s/(R_1+R_2)# #closed circuit with R_1 and R_2 in series\n", + "V_oc=R_2*i_1# #open-circuit voltage across R_2\n", + "V_t=V_oc# #thevenin voltage\n", + "#Analysis with a short-circuit to find i_sc\n", + "i_sc=V_s/R_1# #R_2 is short-circuited\n", + "R_t=V_oc/i_sc# #thevenin resistance\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of textbook\"\n", + "print 'Thevenin voltage for given circuit = %0.2f volts'%V_t\n", + "print 'Thevenin voltage for given circuit = %0.2f ohms'%R_t" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 82 Ex: 2.17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "short-circuit current = 6.00 amperes\n", + "thevenin resistance = 4.00 ohms\n", + "thevenin voltage = 24.00 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s=20# #source voltage\n", + "i_s=2# #source current\n", + "R_1=5#\n", + "R_2=20#\n", + "#after zeroing the sources which includes replacing voltage source with short circuit and current source with open circuit, we get R_t\n", + "R_eq=1/((1/R_1)+(1/R_2))# #R_1 and R_2 are in parallel combination\n", + "R_t=R_eq# #Thevenin resistance\n", + "#short-circuit analysis to find i_sc\n", + "i_2=0# #voltage across R_2 is 0\n", + "i_1=V_s/R_1#\n", + "i_sc=i_1+2-i_2# #short-circuit current(KCL at junction of R_2 and I_s)\n", + "V_t=R_t*i_sc# #thevenin voltage\n", + "print 'short-circuit current = %0.2f amperes'%i_sc\n", + "print 'thevenin resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R_t\n", + "print 'thevenin voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_t\n", + "#thevenin equivalent can be made of V_t and R_t." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 82 Ex: 2.18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of textbook\n", + "Thevenin voltage = 8.57 volts\n", + "Thevenin resistance = 1.43 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V=10#\n", + "R_1=5#\n", + "R_2=10#\n", + "#Open-circuit anlaysis\n", + "#let V_oc be the open circuit voltage\n", + "#Current equation at node1 3(i_x)=(1/10)V_oc\n", + "#i_x=(10-V_oc)/5 ix in terms of V_oc\n", + "V_oc=2/((1/5)+(1/30))# #open-circuit voltage(from above two equations)\n", + "V_t=V_oc# #thevenin voltage\n", + "#short-circuit analysis\n", + "i_x=V/R_1#\n", + "i_sc=3*i_x# #short-circuit current\n", + "R_t=V_oc/i_sc#\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of textbook\"\n", + "print 'Thevenin voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_t\n", + "print 'Thevenin resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R_t" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 83 Ex: 2.19" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Rf = 6.15 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "R1= 20 #Ohms\n", + "R2= 15 #ohms\n", + "vs= 15 #V\n", + "R3= 5 #Ohms\n", + "k= 0.25\n", + "#/CALCULATIONS\n", + "voc= (R2/R1)/((1/R1)+(1/(R2+R3))+(k/4))\n", + "isc= vs/R1\n", + "Rf= voc/isc\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'Rf = %.2f ohms'%Rf" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 83 Ex: 2.20" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "By current source to voltage source transformation:\n", + "current i1 = 0.67 amperes\n", + "current i2 = 1.67 amperes\n", + "By voltage source to current source transformation:\n", + "current i1 = 0.67 amperes\n", + "current i2 = 1.67 amperes\n", + "In any method we get the same answers.\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s_1=20# #voltage source\n", + "R_1=5#\n", + "R_2=10#\n", + "i_s_1=1# #current source\n", + "#Method 1: To transform current source and R_2 into a voltage source in series with R_2\n", + "V_s_2=i_s_1*R_2# #source transformation\n", + "i_1=(V_s_1-V_s_2)/(R_1+R_2)# #clockwise KVL\n", + "i_2=i_1+i_s_1# #KCL at top node of original circuit\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'By current source to voltage source transformation:'\n", + "print 'current i1 = %0.2f amperes'%i_1\n", + "print 'current i2 = %0.2f amperes'%i_2\n", + "#Method 2: To transform voltage source and R_1 into a current source in parallel with R_1\n", + "i_s_2=V_s_1/R_1# #source transformation\n", + "i_t=i_s_2+i_s_1# #total current\n", + "i_2=R_1*i_t/(R_1+R_2) #current-division principle\n", + "i_1=i_2-i_s_1# #KCL at top node of original circuit\n", + "print 'By voltage source to current source transformation:'\n", + "print 'current i1 = %0.2f amperes'%i_1\n", + "print 'current i2 = %0.2f amperes'%i_2\n", + "print 'In any method we get the same answers.'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 84 Ex: 2.21" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "load resistance for maximum power transfer = 4.00 ohms\n", + "maximum power = 6.25 watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s=50#\n", + "R_1=20#\n", + "R_2=5#\n", + "#Zeroing the voltage source\n", + "R_eq=1/((1/R_1)+(1/R_2))# #R_1 and R_2 in parallel\n", + "R_t=R_eq# #thevenin resistance\n", + "#open-circuit analysis\n", + "V_oc=V_s*R_2/(R_1+R_2)# #open-circuit voltage\n", + "V_t=V_oc# #thevenin voltage\n", + "R_L=R_t#\n", + "P_L_max=V_t**2/(4*R_t)\n", + "print 'load resistance for maximum power transfer = %0.2f ohms'%R_L\n", + "print 'maximum power = %0.2f watts'%P_L_max" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 85 Ex: 2.22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "VT i.e., voltage across R2 = 11.67 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s=15# #voltage source\n", + "R_1=10#\n", + "R_2=5#\n", + "i_s=2# #current source\n", + "#Analysis with only voltage source active\n", + "V_1=R_2*V_s/(R_1+R_2)# #voltage-division principle\n", + "#Analysis with only current source active\n", + "R_eq=1/((1/R_1)+(1/R_2))# #R_1 and R_2 in parallel\n", + "V_2=i_s*R_eq# #ohm's law\n", + "V_T=V_1+V_2# #total response\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'VT i.e., voltage across R2 = %0.2f volts'%V_T" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 85 Ex: 2.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "case a:\n", + "Value of Rx = 7320.00 ohms\n", + "case b:\n", + "Maximum value of Rx = 1100000.00 ohms\n", + "case c:\n", + "Increment between values of Rx = 1000.00 ohms for the bridge to be balanced\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "R_1=1*10**3#\n", + "#case (a)\n", + "print 'case a:'\n", + "R_2=10*10**3#\n", + "R_3=732#\n", + "R_x=R_2*R_3/R_1# #wheatstone bridge condition\n", + "print 'Value of Rx = %0.2f ohms'%R_x\n", + "#case (b)\n", + "print 'case b:'\n", + "#R_x is maximum when both R_2 and R_3 are maximum\n", + "R_2_max=1*10**6#\n", + "R_3_max=1100#\n", + "R_x_max=R_2_max*R_3_max/R_1# #wheatstone bridge condition\n", + "print 'Maximum value of Rx = %0.2f ohms'%R_x_max\n", + "#case(c)\n", + "print 'case c:'\n", + "#increment in R_x is scale factor times increment in R_3\n", + "R_2=1*10**6#\n", + "R_3_inc=1# #increment in R_3\n", + "R_x_inc=R_2*R_3_inc/R_1# #increment in R_x from bride balance condition\n", + "print 'Increment between values of Rx = %0.2f ohms for the bridge to be balanced'%R_x_inc" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter3_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter3_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0c3c67b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter3_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,499 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 3 - Inductance and Capacitance" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 109 Ex: 3.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f6b0b604a50>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,array\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "\n", + "C=1*10**-6#\n", + "#t in micro seconds\n", + "t_1=[];t_2=[];t_3=[]\n", + "for x in arange(0,2+0.001,0.001):\n", + " t_1.append(x)\n", + "for x in arange(2.001,4+0.001,0.001):\n", + " t_2.append(x)\n", + "for x in arange(4.001,5+0.001,0.001):\n", + " t_3.append(x)\n", + "tt=t_1+t_2+t_3\n", + "\n", + "#t=array(t)\n", + "#corresponding voltage variations\n", + "V_1=[]\n", + "for t in t_1:\n", + " V_1.append(5*t)\n", + " \n", + "V_2=[]\n", + "for t in t_2:\n", + " V_2.append(0*t+10)\n", + "V_3=[]\n", + "for t in t_3:\n", + " V_3.append(-10*t+50)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#charge q=C*V\n", + "q_1=[]\n", + "for v in V_1:\n", + " q_1.append(C*v*10**6)\n", + "\n", + "q_2=[]\n", + "for v in V_2:\n", + " q_2.append(C*v*10**6)\n", + "\n", + "q_3=[]\n", + "for v in V_3:\n", + " q_3.append(C*v*10**6)\n", + "q=q_1+q_2+q_3\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "subplot(121)\n", + "plot(tt,q)\n", + "title('charge vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in Ms')\n", + "ylabel('charge in Mc') #M-micro(10**-6)\n", + "#current i=C*dV/dt*10**6, for above equations we get\n", + "i_1=[];i_2=[];i_3=[]\n", + "for t in t_1:\n", + " i_1.append(10**6*(0*t+C*(5)))\n", + "for t in t_2:\n", + " i_2.append(10**6*0*t)\n", + "for t in t_3:\n", + " i_3.append(10**6*(0*t+C*(-10)))\n", + "i=i_1+i_2+i_3\n", + "subplot(122)\n", + "plot(tt,i)\n", + "title('current vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in Ms')\n", + "ylabel('current in amperes') #M-micro(10**-6) \n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 110 Ex: 3.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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J9idT/xm7d1R1BjAHa5EvIkfqvgT7y1/3Wvrg027AqNKOKe8SypyDDYoOIwxK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\nYII=\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f6b087d7b90>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,array\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "from math import pi,sin,cos\n", + "C=0.1*10**-6#\n", + "#symbolic integration cannot be done in scilab\n", + "t=arange(0,pi*10**-4+0.001*10**-3,0.001*10**-3)\n", + "i=[]\n", + "for tt in t:\n", + " i.append(0.5*sin((10**4)*tt))\n", + "#on integrating 'i' w.r.t t\n", + "q=[]\n", + "for tt in t:\n", + " q.append(0.5*10**-4*(1-cos(10**4*tt))*10**6)\n", + "C=10**-7#\n", + "V=[]\n", + "for qq in q:\n", + " V.append(qq/C)\n", + "subplot(311)\n", + "plot(t,q)\n", + "title('charge vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('charge in Mc') #Mc=micro coulombs(10**-6)\n", + "subplot(312)\n", + "plot(t,i)\n", + "title('current vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('current in amperes') #Mc=micro coulombs(10**-6)\n", + "subplot(313)\n", + "title('voltage vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('voltage in volts')\n", + "plot(t,V)\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 111 Ex: 3.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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cx2l9CjH7XAtcK2lJglmmHyHYW/uUZDgTGA90Tam+gvnf/0KIhhVXDH78yy3X\nem37yN9xnCwpxOxztaThwHBgY+ACYJ00Gpe0KvBzQnKYVvV8HzQIfvzj4NEzeHDrKn5w5e84TrYU\nYvYZClxhZtNK0P41wLmEHAGtwpw5cNZZ8MIL8NRTwc6fFa78HcfJikLMPveXouEYKXS6mY2SVNNQ\nuTT9/N98Ew45JKRXfOMN6NrqhqY6fIWv4zhpURI//1Ih6RLgKEKsoE6E0f+DZnZ0okwqfv5mISzD\neeeF+PnHHJO98v3b38KP0d/+lq0cjuNUH6n4+ZcKMzuPmBFM0o7AOUnFnxazZsFJJ8Hbb4dVu+ut\nl3YLLcfNPo7jZEUhgd2Q1F7SypJWy20lkCV1VThsWDDxLLccDB1aXoo/6zcPx3HaNoXE9jkDuBCY\nDsxPXCo6qLGkHsBAYAXAJP3azK4rtt4FC+Dqq4OJ5x//gP33L7bG9HFvH8dxsqQQs89ZwLq5ROsp\nMxf4jZmNjusIRkp6xswmtLTC6dODTX/WrBB3f/W0co6ljCt/x3GypBCzz2Tgy1I0bmafmNnouP8V\nIaXjyi2t77nngpln003hxRfLV/E7juNkTSEj/4nACzGW//fxnJnZX9MURFJPYFNgWHPvnTcP+vWD\n22+HO+6AXXdNU7LS4CN/x3GypBDlPzluHeMmUp6cjSafB4Az4xvADzTl5z95Mhx+eMiuNWpUCNVQ\nCbjydxwnLSrKz/8HAaQOwOPAk2bWv961Rv38H3kEfvUrOPtsOOccaFeQ71J5cMstMHx4+HQcx0mT\novz8JV1rZmdKeizPZTOzfVIQUIQw0ePrK/7G+PZbOPdcePxxePRR2HrrYiVpfXzk7zhOljRm9hkY\nP6/Ocy0ttbUtcCQwVtKoeK6vmT3V0A3vvBMica65ZjDzdOuWkiStjCt/x3GypEHlb2Yj42dtCdtf\nEvgv0AW41cwub6zwwIHBxHPRRWHVbqUvlHLl7zhOVmQW3iEmcbkB2AX4CHhd0uB8Pv5ffQWnngoj\nRsDzz0PvopeXZU+l/3A5jlPZZDlFuhXwnplNMrO5wH3AvvULjRoVwi537BgWbVWD4gc3+ziOky2N\njvzj6PxyMzunBG2vAkxJHH8I/Lh+od13h2uvhcMOK4EEGSLBl1/C++9nLYnTEhZfHFZdNWspnJYw\nfz589lnluIWXikaVv5nNl7Sd0oqtXK/6Qgodemg/3nknLOIqNp5/ObH66jB6NOy2W9aSOC3hgw/g\nww9hpZVULUcZAAAeU0lEQVSylsRpjFmzYMyYhbfx42GXXYKnYLVQEj9/Sf8ghFy4H5gTT5uZPdQC\nGZP1bg30M7M94nFfYEFy0rc0vzmOUzyrrRZChHsIkfJgwQKYOHFhJT96dBjhb7QRbLxx3da7NyzV\narkDsyGteP6dgBnAzvXOF6X8gRHA2jGsw1TgEKDKjDuO46TN11/DuHELK/px44Lbd07BH3EEXHFF\ncAlv3z5ricuTQtI4HluKhs1snqTTgf8A7YHbionm6TitiU/Ylx4zmDJlUbPNhx/C+uvXKfqDD4Y+\nfWCZZbKWuLIoJJ7/usDfgJXMbENJfYB9zOyiYhqWdCWwF/At8H5sw3EqAlf+6fLtt8EWnzPXjBkD\nY8cGL7+ckt9vP7jwQlh3XejQIWuJK59CbP4vAecC/zCzTWNIhjfNbMOiGpZ2BZ4zswWSLgMws9/X\nK+M2f6cs6dkTXngBevXKWpLK45NPFh3Nv/8+rLXWwrb5jTd2j5yWkpbNv7OZDVNclWRmJmluscKZ\n2TOJw2HAAcXW6TithY/8m2bu3JA7u76inzevTrnvumsIyrjBBsF91mk9ClH+n0paK3cg6UDg45Tl\nOB64N+U6HadkuPJfmBkzFjbZjBkT4nD16FGn6H/9a9hkE1hlFV/hXg4UovxPB24G1pM0lZDc5YhC\nKpf0DJDPE/o8M3ssljkf+N7M7ilMZMdxsmL+fHjvvUVH87NmhUnXjTeGbbaBU04JLpZdumQtsdMQ\nhXj7vA/8VFIXoL2ZFZzS0cwazakl6Vjg58BPGyrTVDIXx8mCtjDy//LLMOmaVPJvvQUrrFA3mv/l\nL8Nnz56VlU+j2ijVIq/3gaHAEGCImb3VUgHr1bsHIVz0jmb2WQNlfMLXKUvWWguefBLWXjtrSYrH\nbNEFUmPGwLRpsOGGQblvskndAqmll85aYqcpCpnwLUT5dyLE3NkubusA48xsvyKFe5eQFnJGPPWa\nmZ1ar4wrf6csWXtteOKJylP+c+bAm28urOTHjoWuXRf1tFl7bV8gVamk5e0zD5gLzAcWAJ8C04oV\nzszWlnQ2cCWwnJnNaOoexyknynlcYgYffbToaH7y5OAnn1Pw++8fPpddNmuJndamEOX/JTAO+Csh\n4UpeE01zkdQD2BX4II36HKc1KSeb/3ff1S2QSm7t29eZbPbeG/7wB1hvPV8g5QQKUf6HAdsDpwIn\nSnoVeMnMni2y7b8C/wdUUWw9p62Qlavi9OmLKvl334U11qgbze++e/hcaSV3qXQaphBvn0eBRyWt\nR/DMOYugtDu1tFFJ+wIfmtlY+bfTqVBKOfKfNy/4yddX9N9+W6fkd9oJzjorTMp2avF/o9NWKSS2\nz4PAJoT4Oy8BRwHDC7ivIR//84G+QDKSvf8COBVFmmafmTMXVfITJoRkMTlFf9pp4bNHDx/NO+lQ\niNnnMuANM5vfnIob8vGXtBHQCxgTR/2rAiMlbWVm0+uXdz9/pxxpifJfsCDEsEnGmx8zJij/3r2D\nct9qKzjxxHC85JKlkd2pPkrl598ROAXYIdcOIchb0fF9Yv0Tgc3zefu4q6dTrqy/Pjz4YIhJk4/Z\nsxeNOf/mm8Grpr5L5Rpr+AIpJ13ScvX8eyx3I8E8c1Q8d0LREgZcuzsVR27kbxZSOtY323z8cfhh\nyCn4ww8P4Q+6dctacscJFDLyH2tmfZo6Vwp85O+UK8svH1wm58yBzp3rlHxuJezaa8NihQytHKcE\nFDLyL+Rlc169qJ5rEhZ+FSvcGZImSHpT0uVN31F9NNdGV2lUc/8GDYKzz67l3Xdh6tQQ6uGyy+DQ\nQ4NJqNIVfzX/7aD6+1cIhSj/c4HnJb0o6UXgeeCcYhqVtBOwD9DHzDYCriqmvkql2r+A1dy/nXeG\n2bNrWX75rCUpDdX8t4Pq718hFOLn/5ykdQgxfQDeMbPvimz3FODS3KSxmX1aZH2O4zhOM2hy5C9p\nCeA04E9AP+DUGOytGNYGdpA0VFKtpC2KrM9xKooBAwaw/fbbt3q7Xbt2ZdKkSa3erlN+FDLhez8h\nvs9dBG+fw4GlzeygJu5rbJHXxcDzZnampC2BQWa2Rp46fLbXcRynBaQR0nm8mW3Q1LnmIOlJ4DIz\nezEevwf82Mw+b2mdTnUiqX1zFxi2sJ0XgLvM7LYW3CsI+a2bcc+xwC/NrGTD/2L65FQ/hUz4viHp\nJ7kDSVsDI4ts9xFg51jfOkBHV/yVhaSVJT0oabqk/0k6I3Gtn6R/SbpD0pfRo2vzZtz7gKQ7Jc0C\njpHUS9JLsa5nJN0o6c5Y/t+STq8n29gYP6q+zJ0k3SXpM0kzJQ2XtIKkiwnBC2+QNFvSdbH8NpJe\nl/RFLJv8P6iVdJGkV4CvgV6S1ovyfS7pbUkHJcovK2mwpFmShgFrNvJsn5R0Wr1zYyTtF/evkTQt\n1jVW0oZ56mioTwskrRH3B0j6m6QnYpkhklaSdG18PhMkbVLI382pQMys0Q14mxDH/wNgUtyfQAjz\nPLap+xuoswNwZ6xjJFDTknp8y2YjDBpGAn8gOA30IsR+2i1e7wd8A+xBMBVeQkjWU+i93wP7xONO\nwGvAFbH8tsAsYGC8fhAwNCHbxsBnwGJ55P4VMDjWKWBToGu89gJwfKLsMsBMQr7qdsChhMRDP4rX\na+P/w/rx+tLAFOCYeLwJIffF+rH8fXFbAtgQ+JAQHTff8z0KeDlxvEGUpQOwOzACWCpeWxdYqYF6\nFupTPLcAWCPuD4gybgosDjwX+3RkfD5/IZhnm/y7+VZ5W9MFoGdjW9Yd8K31N0Jmtw/qnesL3B73\n+wFPJ65tAMxpxr21iWurEZIJdUqcuxO4M+53ikp5zXh8FXBDA3IfB7wC9M5z7QWCGSZ3fBSJH5V4\n7lXgmET5folrh9RX5sBNwB+B9oQftHUS1y4mpEXNJ2dX4CugR6LsrXF/Z+Cd+BzbNfF3WqhP8VxS\n+f8TuClx7XTgrcRxb2BmIX833ypvK8TVc1JTZUqBQo7f/oR/nFvNrGoWgkm6HdgTmG5mvbOWpwWs\nDqwsaWbiXHtC1FeApYA+kt4ihO94AOgkqV0B90IYFedYGZhhZt8mzk0BegCY2beS/gUcJelPhBH6\nAQ3IfWe87z5J3QhODOebWW7RYtJmvzIwud79HwCrRbPNBsC6khY3s76xXz+u16/FgIHAcnF/SuJa\n/bp/wMxmS/o3IZfGFbFPJ8Rrz0u6gRBuZXVJDwHnmNnshqprqJ1IMpjit7ljSe0Jbyq5jL2F/N0q\nAkmTCE4s84G5ZrZVthKlS/xu30p4wzTC29/Q+uXKMpxU/OLdQDAbbAAcJmn9bKVKlX8S+lapTAYm\nmtmPEttSZrZXvD4fGGFmGwJbE0bROaY0ca+xsML6GFhGweU4x2r15LmDYJ7ZhfCGMSyf0GY2z8z+\nHOXaBtgLODrRbpKPCAovyeqEH4CdCKaXPwI7SdouPpMX6/Wrq5mdRjBDzasnd/0+1Odewvf+J4S3\nnhcS/bjezLYg/G+sQ1iImbfLTbTRGGcC7yWOm/q7VRJGMDVvWm2KP3It8ISZrQ/0IZjpF6EslT+w\nFfCemU2ysBDsPmCRCbxKxcyGEGy4lcpwYLak/5O0hKT2kjZS3XqNr4n9M7OvCLbhQu9dyD3NzD4g\nKNp+kjpEZbgXCcVmZq/F46sII+28SKqR1DsOLmZTl5saQl7q5CTsE8A6kg6TtJikQ4D1gMfNbE4s\n04Ew+p0BPB7LHxnl7CBpS0nrWfBWeij2YQlJGxDmBhpTzk8Qfmz+RPj+5/qwhaQfS+oAzCGM1hvy\nhqrfp0UeSd6T0qqExE3/Spxu6u9WaVRlVgRJSwPbm9nt8MOAZ1a+suWq/Fdh4VfkD+M5pwwwswUE\nBbwJ8D/CpOHNBHMPJEbvknoSRqgW751f6L0JjgB+AnxOmIQcRLChJxlIsFHf1YjoKwH3EyaMxxMm\nbe+M164FDpQ0Q1J/CyHG9wLOJozczwH2MrMZ0Xy1BSEV6QtmNj7+yO1GMNF8RHhjuRToGOs/HVgS\n+AS4PW4NYmbfE34wfgrck7i0FOF5zSBMzn4GXNlANQv1KV8zLPysc8fXEN4mkj+wTf3dKgkDnpU0\nQtKJWQuTMr2ATyX9U9Ibkm6R1DlvyawnHQhf4LHAKGB4PHcAcEuizJHA9VnLmnK/ewLjspajxH1c\nkjBq3y/legcBF9Y7dxQNeM+UsH9LA0OpIm81goK/Me7XAI9lLVMJ+tg9fi4PjCaMlDOXK6W+bUF4\no90yHvcH/pyvbDmM/PPZ3z4iTuhFerDwJKBT5kSzxIOERUaPFFnXFpLWlNRO0s8IQQEfSVzvTAhB\ncnMx7TQXC6/T/yb8w1UL2wD7KCRZuhfYWVKDprRKxMw+jp+fAg8TzMzVwoeE/Oivx+MHgM3yFSwH\n5Q+L2t9GAGtL6qmQSewQgn+2UwFIEnAbMN7M8pkbmstKBLfF2QSTxMlmNia2tTvBQ+VjFjaPlARJ\ny0Vvilzcq10Jb61VgZmdZ2Y9zKwXwYT1vJkd3dR9lYKkzpK6xv0uBFPduGylSg8z+wSYorB4FoIT\nxFv5ypZD1PGc/W0+wef4FjObp7Bq8z+ECbXbzCzvjHUlIuleYEdgWUlTgD+a2T8zFitNtiWY6sZK\nyinGvmb2VEsqM7PHCROq+a79h2Beai26A3dEu387wnqD51qx/dam2uJrrQg8HMYnLAbcbWZPZytS\n6pwB3B0Hzu8T1rcsQpOxfZpCIdHLhxb8rXciTLoNNLMvCry/u5l9LGl54BngDAveMB7YzXEcp4VY\nCpm8muJB6rJ93USwzxf8+t2U/S3rCZSst9mzje7djRNOuDBzWcplu/BCfxb+LPxZNLYVQhrKf4GF\nFZL7EzxyziW8GjdJtdvf0uCqq2CnnWAVd3R1HCdF0rD5fy/pcMJKyb3juQ4F3tsW7G8tZupUuP56\nGDkSBgzIWhrHcaqJNJT/8YRoiReb2URJvahbONMoZjaRsGjEycMf/wgnnAA9e0JNTU3W4pQN/izq\n8GdRhz+L5lH0hC/84Ge9mpm9XbxIC9VrachXiYwdC7vuCv/9Lyy9dNPlHcdxckjCSj3hK2kfgp/z\nU/F4U0nuk18k554Lf/iDK37HcUpDGhO+/QixvnOBvEYBi+TjdQrn6adh4kQ4+eSsJXEcp1pJQ/nP\ntUV9+hekUG+bZP78MOq/7DLoUOi0ueM4TjNJQ/m/JekIYDFJa0u6npDxqCBiaNhRkh5LQZaKZ+BA\n6NoVfvGLrCVxHKeaSUP5n0HIGPMdIRDUl8BZzbj/TEJ43bY5s5tgzhy44ILg26+qjDbuOE65kIq3\nT4sbD0kjBhBylP7WzPaud71NeftcdBGMGweDBmUtieM4lUwh3j4t9vNvwkxjZrZPAdXkkkZUYkKI\nVJk2Dfr3h+HDs5bEcZy2QDGLvK4upmFJexESmI+SVNNQuX79+v2wX1NTU7ULOS64AI4+GtZwPynH\ncZpJbW0ttbW1zbonM7OPpEsI2ZfmAZ0Io/8HLRE7vK2YfUaMgL33hrffdr9+x3GKpxCzTxohnSfm\nOW1mVvAYVtKOwDlt0ea/YAFsuy2ceCIcf3zW0jiOUw2U1OafYMvEfifgQGDZFtRT3Vq+Ae68M/wA\nHHts1pI4jtOWKInZR9IbZpY3b2Qz66nqkf+sWbD++vDII7BVNWURdRwnU1pl5C9pc+pG7e0Iyazb\nF1tvW+Avf4Gf/cwVv+M4rU8aZp+rqVP+84BJwMEp1FvVjB8Pd9wBb+VNrew4jlNaMl3k1RTVavZZ\nsAB23BEOPRROOy1raRzHqTZaK6RzN0nXSBoZt6slucNiI9x2G8ybB6eckrUkjuO0VdJw9XyIkHf3\nDkAE3/0+ZrZ/E/d1Al4EFgc6Ao+aWd96Zapu5P/JJ9CnDzz3HPTunbU0juNUI63l5z/GzDZu6lwD\n93Y2szmSFgNeJvj6v5y4XnXK/9BDwyreSy7JWhLHcaqVVjH7AN9I2j7R6HbAnEJuNLNcuY4ED6EZ\nKchTtjzxRFjNe8EFWUviOE5bJw1vn5OBgQk7/0zgmEJulNQOeANYE/i7mY1PQZ6yZPZsOPVUuPVW\nWGKJrKVxHKetU7TyN7PRQB9JS8XjL5tx7wJgk/jD8R9JNWZWmyxTLYHdzjkHfvpT2GWXrCVxHKfa\naNXAbpKOMrM7JZ1N/tAMnwODzWxmgfVdAHxjZlclzlWFzf8//4GTToKxYz1wm+M4pafUNv/O8bNr\nA9sWwJONCLecpG5xfwlgV2BUEfKUJV98ASecENw7XfE7jlMulHSRl6S/mFne6U1JvQnuoe3idqeZ\nXVmvTMWP/I85BpZcEm68MWtJHMdpK7SKq2cpqXTlP3gw/Pa3MHp0+AFwHMdpDVorpLOTh6lTg53/\ngQdc8TuOU36k4efv1GP+fDjqqBC+YbvtspbGcRxnUdII6dwJOADomajPzOzPxdZdqVx5JcydC+ef\nn7UkjuM4+UnD7PMo8AUwEvg2hfoqmqFD4Zprwkrexdyo5jhOmZKGelrFzHZvyY2SegADgRUIawVu\nNrPrUpApE774Ag4/HP7xD+jRI2tpHMdxGiYNm/+rkvq08N65wG/MbENga+A0SeunIFOrs2BBsPPv\nuSf84hdZS+M4jtM4aYz8tweOkzQR+C6eMzNr8gfBzD4BPon7X0maAKwMTEhBrlbl4oth5kx48MGs\nJXEcx2maNJT/z1KoA0k9gU2BYWnU15o88QTcdBO8/jp07Ji1NI7jOE3TYuUvaakYxK3gQG6N1LUk\n8ABwppl9VWx9rcn778Nxx8FDD0H37llL4ziOUxjFjPzvBfYkhGSuvwzXgDUKqURSB+BB4C4ze6T+\n9XKO6jlrFuy3X4jPv+22WUvjOE5bpVWjeqaBJBHi+3xuZr/Jc71swzvMmwd77QVrrgk33ABqdCG1\n4zhO61H2sX1i1q+XgLHUvT30NbOn4vWyVP5mITHLpEnw2GPuz+84TnlR9rF9Yr7eigsx0b8/vPIK\nvPyyK37HcSoTV13N5N574eqr4dVXYamlspbGcRynZRQ96pb0yzznLi+23nLkiSfgrLPgqadgtdWy\nlsZxHKflpDHyP1DSd2Z2F4CkG4GqS1E+ZAgce2yI0b/RRllL4ziOUxxpKP/9gcGS5hMWfM00s+NT\nqLdsGDECDjwQ7rkHtt46a2kcx3GKp8VmH0nLSFqGMMo/AfgdYcHXn+L5Quq4XdI0SeNaKkepGToU\nfv5zuOUW2GWXrKVxHMdJhxa7ekqaxMKLu5Q4NjNrcpGXpO2Br4CBZtY7z/VMXT1ffhn23x8GDAg/\nAI7jOJVASV09zaynpPbA1mb2SgvrGBJj+pQdL7wABx8Md98Nu+2WtTSO4zjpUpS3j5nNB25MSZay\n4b774JBD4F//csXvOE51ksYCq2clHRhDNVQ0ZnDVVXDuufDss7DTTllL5DiOUxrS8PY5GfgtMF9S\nLo2jmVkqS6BaK7Db3Lnwm99AbW1YwOWZuBzHqRQqLrAb/BDH/7EsJ3ynTYODDgordu+6C7p1K3mT\njuM4JaOQCd9U4upI2lfS1ZKukrR3M+67F3gVWEfSFEnHpSFPcxg6FLbYIph4Bg92xe84Ttug6JG/\npMuALYG7Ce6ehwIjzKxv0cKVcOQ/bx5cdhlcf33w4d9nn5I04ziO0+q0SkjnuEBrk+j5Q3T/HJ3P\njNOCukui/CdODMnWF18c7rgDVl019SYcx3Eyo7XMPgYkjSXdWDSzV1kwdy5ceSVsuSX84hfwzDOu\n+B3HaZuk4e1zKfCGpNp4vCPw+xTqTZWXXw4JWLp3D3b+tdbKWiLHcZzsSMXbR9LKBLu/Aa+b2cdF\nV0o6Zp9x4+D882HMGLj88rB4q/JXJDiO4zRMq5h9JN1FSOT+jpkNbo7il7SHpLclvSvpd8XKkmTE\nCDj00BCMbeed4Z13wrErfsdxnHRs/rcDKwPXS5oo6UFJZzV1U5wYvgHYA9gAOEzS+sUI8s03MGgQ\n7LADHHAAbLUVvPtuSMDSqVMxNWdPcxdwVDP+LOrwZ1GHP4vmUbTyN7PngYuBC4BbCOafUwq4dSvg\nPTObZGZzgfuAfZvb/tdfw+OPwy9/CausArfdBqedBu+/D7/9bfWkWvQvdh3+LOrwZ1GHP4vmUfSE\nr6TngC7Aa8DLwBZmNr2AW1cBpiSOPwR+3NgN8+bBlCkwejSMHBkmbocNC4u09twT/vzn8APgOI7j\nNE4a3j5jgS2AjQjJXGZKes3MvmnivoJmcnfcEebMCSEYPvkEVlwR+vSBzTeHM88M16tldO84jtNa\npBbbR1JX4FjgHGAlM1u8ifJbA/3MbI943BdYYGaXJ8qU5XoBx3GccqdkyVxySDoD2B7YHJhImAAe\nUsCtI4C1Y2C3qcAhwGHJAk0J7ziO47SMNMw+nYCrgTfixG1BmNk8SacD/wHaA7eZ2YQU5HEcx3Ga\nIPOQzo7jOE7rk0pI51JQygVglYSk2yV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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f6b2044b150>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,array\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "from math import pi,sin,cos\n", + "C=10*10**-6#\n", + "t_1=arange(0,1+0.001,0.001)\n", + "t_2=arange(1.001,3+0.001,0.001)\n", + "t_3=arange(3.001,5+0.001,0.001)\n", + "t=[]\n", + "for x in t_1:\n", + " t.append(x)\n", + "for x in t_2:\n", + " t.append(x)\n", + "for x in t_3:\n", + " t.append(x)\n", + " #voltage variations\n", + "V_1=[];V_2=[];V_3=[]\n", + "for tt in t_1:\n", + " V_1.append(1000*tt)\n", + "for tt in t_2:\n", + " V_2.append(0*tt+1000)\n", + "for tt in t_3:\n", + " V_3.append(500*(5-tt))\n", + "#current i=C*dv/dt, for above equations we get\n", + "i_1=[];i_2=[];i_3=[]\n", + "for tt in t_1:\n", + " i_1.append(C*(0*tt+1000))\n", + "for tt in t_2:\n", + " i_2.append(C*(0*tt))\n", + "for tt in t_3:\n", + " i_3.append(C*(0*tt-500))\n", + "i=i_1+i_2+i_3\n", + "#power delivered, P=V*i\n", + "P_1=[];P_2=[];P_3=[]\n", + "for tt in t_1:\n", + " P_1.append(C*(10**6*tt))\n", + "for tt in t_2:\n", + " P_2.append(C*(0*tt+1000))\n", + "for tt in t_3:\n", + " P_3.append(C*(-25*10**4*(5-tt)))\n", + "P=P_1+P_2+P_3\n", + "#energy stored, W=(1/2)*C*V**2\n", + "W_1=[];W_2=[];W_3=[]\n", + "for vv in V_1:\n", + " W_1.append((1/2)*C*vv**2)\n", + "for vv in V_2:\n", + " W_2.append((1/2)*C*vv**2)\n", + "for vv in V_2:\n", + " W_3.append((1/2)*C*vv**2)\n", + "W=[]\n", + "for x in W_1:\n", + " W.append(x)\n", + "for x in W_2:\n", + " W.append(x)\n", + "for x in W_3:\n", + " W.append(x)\n", + "subplot(311)\n", + "plot(t,[ii*10**3 for ii in i])\n", + "title('current vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('current in mA') #mA-milli amperes(10**-3)\n", + "subplot(312)\n", + "plot(t,P)\n", + "title('power delivered vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('power in watts')\n", + "subplot(313)\n", + "\n", + "plot(t[:-1],W)\n", + "title('energy stored vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('work in joules')\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 111 Ex: 3.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "When the dielectric is air, capacitance = 1770.00 pF\n", + "When the dielectric is mica, capacitance = 12390.00 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "L=10*10**-2# #length\n", + "W=20*10**-2# #width\n", + "d=0.1*10**-3# #distance between plates\n", + "A=L*W# #area\n", + "E_o=8.85*10**-12# #dielectric constant of vacuum\n", + "#dielectric is air\n", + "E_r=1# #relative dielectric constant of air\n", + "E=E_r*E_o# #dielectric constant\n", + "C=E*A/d# #capacitance\n", + "print 'When the dielectric is air, capacitance = %0.2f pF'%(C*10**12) #pF-pico Farad(10**-12)\n", + "#dielectric is mica\n", + "E_r=7# #relative dielectric constant of mica\n", + "E=E_r*E_o# #dielectric constant\n", + "C=E*A/d# #capacitance\n", + "print 'When the dielectric is mica, capacitance = %0.2f pF'%(C*10**12) #pF-pico Farad(10**-12)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 112 Ex: 3.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Total energy stored by both the capacitors before switch is closed = 5.00 mJ\n", + "Total energy stored by both the capacitors after switch is closed = 2.50 mJ\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "C_1=1*10**-6#\n", + "C_2=1*10**-6#\n", + "#Before the switch is closed\n", + "V_1=100#\n", + "V_2=0#\n", + "W_1=(1/2)*C_1*V_1**2#\n", + "W_2=0# #V_2=0\n", + "W_t_1=W_1+W_2# #total energy stored by both the capacitors before switch is closed\n", + "q_1=C_1*V_1#\n", + "q_2=0#\n", + "#After the switch is closed\n", + "q_eq=q_1+q_2# #charge on equivalent capacitance\n", + "C_eq=C_1+C_2# #C_1 and C_2 in parallel\n", + "V_eq=q_eq/C_eq#\n", + "V_1=V_eq# #parallel combination\n", + "V_2=V_eq# #parallel combination\n", + "W_1=(1/2)*C_1*V_eq**2#\n", + "W_2=(1/2)*C_2*V_eq**2#\n", + "W_t_2=W_1+W_2# #total energy stored by both the capacitors after switch is closed\n", + "print 'Total energy stored by both the capacitors before switch is closed = %0.2f mJ'%(W_t_1*10**3) #mJ-milli Joules(10**-3)\n", + "print 'Total energy stored by both the capacitors after switch is closed = %0.2f mJ'%(W_t_2*10**3) #mJ-milli Joules(10**-3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 113 Ex: 3.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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HGCHpfkl3ZssdFWg36CCGDYNVVoEVV0w+5qEQgkqxww4w22xw3nl5SxKUSyVG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\n3QtKuep6lDwzrxlu0j/o08A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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f6b2044b190>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,array\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "\n", + "L=5# #inductance\n", + "t_1=arange(0,2+0.001,0.001)\n", + "t_2=arange(2.001,4+0.001,0.001)\n", + "t_3=arange(4.001,5+0.001,0.001)\n", + "t=[]\n", + "for x in t_1:\n", + " t.append(x)\n", + "for x in t_2:\n", + " t.append(x)\n", + "for x in t_3:\n", + " t.append(x)\n", + "\n", + "#corresponding current variations\n", + "i_1=[];i_2=[];i_3=[]\n", + "for tt in t_1:\n", + " i_1.append((1.5)*tt)\n", + "for tt in t_2:\n", + " i_2.append(0*tt+3)\n", + "for tt in t_3:\n", + " i_3.append((-3*tt)+15)\n", + "#voltage V=L*(di/dt)\n", + "V_1=[];V_2=[];V_3=[]\n", + "for tt in t_1:\n", + " V_1.append(L*(0*tt+(1.5)))\n", + "for tt in t_2:\n", + " V_2.append(L*(0*tt))\n", + "for tt in t_3: \n", + " V_3.append(L*(0*tt-3))\n", + "V=[]\n", + "for x in V_1:\n", + " V.append(x)\n", + "for x in V_2:\n", + " V.append(x)\n", + "for x in V_3:\n", + " V.append(x)\n", + "#stored energy W=1/2*L*i**2\n", + "W_1=[];W_2=[];W_3=[]\n", + "for ii in i_1:\n", + " W_1.append((1/2)*L*ii**2)\n", + "for ii in i_2:\n", + " W_2.append((1/2)*L*ii**2)\n", + "for ii in i_3:\n", + " W_3.append((1/2)*L*ii**2)\n", + "\n", + "W=[]\n", + "for x in W_1:\n", + " W.append(x)\n", + "for x in W_2:\n", + " W.append(x)\n", + "for x in W_3:\n", + " W.append(x)\n", + "\n", + "P_1=[];P_2=[];P_3=[] \n", + "#power P=V*i\n", + "for tt in t_1:\n", + " P_1.append(L*tt*(1.5**2))\n", + "for tt in t_2:\n", + " P_2.append(0*tt)\n", + "for tt in t_3: \n", + " P_3.append(-3*L*(-3*tt+15))\n", + "P=[]\n", + "for x in P_1:\n", + " P.append(x)\n", + "for x in P_2:\n", + " P.append(x)\n", + "for x in P_3:\n", + " P.append(x)\n", + "\n", + " \n", + "subplot(311)\n", + "plot(t,V)\n", + "title('voltage vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('voltage in volts')\n", + "subplot(312)\n", + "plot(t,W)\n", + "title('energy vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('energy in joules')\n", + "subplot(313)\n", + "\n", + "plot(t,P)\n", + "title('power vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('power in watts')\n", + "show()" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter4_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter4_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09273b9b --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter4_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4 : Transients" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 136 Ex: 4.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current ix = 1.00 amperes\n", + "voltage Vx = 5.00 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "V_s=10# #source voltage\n", + "R_1=5#\n", + "R_2=5#\n", + "L=1#\n", + "C=1*10**-6#\n", + "#for t>>0, we apply steady state conditions i.e., inductor and capacitor are replaced by short and open circuits respectively\n", + "R_eq=R_1+R_2# #R_1 and R_2 in series\n", + "i_x=V_s/R_eq# #ohm's law\n", + "V_x=R_2*i_x# #voltage across R_2\n", + "print 'current ix = %0.2f amperes'%i_x\n", + "print 'voltage Vx = %0.2f volts'%V_x" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter5_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter5_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ed8ac6ac --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter5_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,886 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 5 - Steady state sinusoidal analaysis" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 181 Ex:5.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "RMS value of voltage = 70.71 volts\n", + "average power = 100.00 watts\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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gyPwrPwW1GFRRdOoEV14ZjrUyVq+Go482ZXbggUFLE34WLDBF+9NPNpIMmkce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\nurU7ZscJE6Bt2/TLiSgYN5RHa1Xto6qjVHWkszh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IZz3b/yJ9Y98iaTGpSan5/kTLFdVa\nbjfvTwG+ni07uxWY2NapTvJabVbvXfabt2dldf8b6crk0RO8VgjtJrrqhhBCyC2uPEIIIeQWySOE\nEEJukTxCCCHkFskjhBBCbpE8Qggh5BbJI4QQQm6RPEIIIeQWySOEEEJu/wdMBiXcPVcT4wAAAABJ\nRU5ErkJggg==\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f213e3a7ad0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,cos,pi,sqrt\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "R=50#\n", + "t=arange(0,0.05+0.000001,0.000001)\n", + "V_t=[]\n", + "for tt in t:\n", + " V_t.append(100*cos(100*pi*tt))\n", + "V_m=100# #peak value\n", + "V_rms=V_m/sqrt(2)#\n", + "P_avg=(V_rms**2)/R#\n", + "P_t=[]\n", + "for vv in V_t: \n", + " P_t.append(vv**2/R)\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'RMS value of voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_rms\n", + "print 'average power = %0.2f watts'%P_avg\n", + "subplot(211)\n", + "plot([tt*10**3 for tt in t],V_t)#\n", + "title('voltage vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('voltage in volts') #ms-milli seconds(10**-3)\n", + "subplot(212)\n", + "plot([tt*10**3 for tt in t],P_t)\n", + "title('power vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in ms')\n", + "ylabel('power in watts') #ms-milli seconds(10**-3)\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 182 Ex:5.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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R9JCkdentk3m0sxdI+oqkzZJuGmUffy+bNNbn6e9m8yTNkLRa0i2SbpZ0eoP9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\nTkSuQmCC\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f215c092610>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "RMS value = 1.73 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import arange,cos,pi,sqrt\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#plot of V and t(already given with the question but to get clarity we plot it)\n", + "t_1=arange(0,1+0.001,0.001)\n", + "t_2=arange(1.001,2+0.001,0.001)\n", + "t=[]\n", + "for tt in t_1:\n", + " t.append(tt)\n", + "for tt in t_2:\n", + " t.append(tt) \n", + "V_1=[];V_2=[]\n", + "for tt in t_1:\n", + " V_1.append(3*tt)\n", + "for tt in t_2:\n", + " V_2.append(6-3*tt)\n", + "V=[]\n", + "for vv in V_1:\n", + " V.append(vv)\n", + "for vv in V_2:\n", + " V.append(vv) \n", + "plot(t,V)\n", + "title('voltage vs time')\n", + "xlabel('time in seconds')\n", + "ylabel('voltage in volts')\n", + "show()\n", + "\n", + "#now find V_rms\n", + "T=2# #from the plot of V vs t\n", + "V_rms=sqrt((1/T)*((quad(lambda t:(3*t)**2,[0,1]))+(quad(lambda t:(6-3*t)**2,[1,2]))))\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'RMS value = %0.2f volts'%V_rms\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 183 Ex:5.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Peak value of resultant voltage = 29.77 volts\n", + "phase of resulting voltage = -40.01 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt,sin,cos,atan\n", + "#V_1 and V_2 are phasors of given voltages\n", + "theta_1=-pi/4# #for V_1\n", + "theta_2=-pi/6# #for V_2 (in cos form)\n", + "V_1=complex(20*cos(theta_1),20*sin(theta_1))#\n", + "V_2=complex(10*cos(theta_2),10*sin(theta_2))#\n", + "V_s=V_1+V_2#\n", + "V=sqrt(((V_s.real)**2)+((V_s.imag)**2))# #peak voltage of resultant summation\n", + "phi=atan((V_s.imag)/(V_s.real))# #phase angle of resultant sum voltage\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Peak value of resultant voltage = %0.2f volts'%V\n", + "print 'phase of resulting voltage = %0.2f degrees'%(phi*180/pi) #converting phi in radians to degrees\n", + "#result : V_t=Vcos(wt+phi)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 184 Ex:5.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "For resistance R\n", + "peak value of voltage = 70.71 volts\n", + "phase angle = -15.00 degrees\n", + "For inductance L\n", + "peak value of voltage = 106.07 volts\n", + "phase angle = 75.00 degrees\n", + "For capacitor C\n", + "peak value of voltage = 35.36 volts\n", + "phase angle = 75.00 degrees\n", + "The phasor diagram cannot be plotted\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt,sin,cos,atan\n", + "L=0.3#\n", + "C=40*10**-6#\n", + "R=100#\n", + "V_s_max=100# #peak value of given voltage\n", + "W=500# #angular frequency\n", + "V_s_phi=pi/6# #phase angle in degrees\n", + "V_s=complex(V_s_max*cos(V_s_phi),V_s_max*sin(V_s_phi))# #phasor for voltage source\n", + "Z_L=1J*W*L# #complex impedance of inductance\n", + "Z_C=-1J/(W*C)# #complex impedance of capacitance\n", + "Z_eq=R+Z_L+Z_C# #R,Z_L and Z_C in series\n", + "I=V_s/Z_eq# #phasor current\n", + "V_R=R*I#\n", + "V_L=Z_L*I#\n", + "V_C=Z_C*I#\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "#for resistance R\n", + "print 'For resistance R'\n", + "V_R_max=sqrt(((V_R.real)**2)+((V_R.imag)**2))\n", + "V_R_phi=(atan((V_R.imag)/(V_R.real)))*180/pi#\n", + "print 'peak value of voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_R_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%V_R_phi\n", + "#result : V_R=Vcos(wt+phi) V-peak voltage\n", + "#for inductance L\n", + "print 'For inductance L'\n", + "V_L_max=sqrt(((V_L.real)**2)+((V_L.imag)**2))#\n", + "V_L_phi=(atan((V_L.imag)/(V_L.real)))*180/pi#\n", + "print 'peak value of voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_L_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%V_L_phi\n", + "#result : V_L=Vcos(wt+phi) V-peak voltage\n", + "#for capacitor C\n", + "print 'For capacitor C'\n", + "V_C_max=sqrt(((V_C.real)**2)+((V_C.imag)**2))#\n", + "V_C_phi=(atan((V_C.imag)/(V_C.real)))*180/pi#\n", + "print 'peak value of voltage = %0.2f volts'%V_C_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%V_C_phi #cos(t)=cos(t-180) (we get 75 instead of -105 given in textbook)\n", + "#result : V_C=Vcos(wt+phi) V-peak voltage\n", + "print 'The phasor diagram cannot be plotted'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 185 Ex: 5.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "peak value of Vc = 10.00 volts\n", + "phase angle of Vc = 0 degrees\n", + "current through source and inductor = (0.1+0.1j) amperes\n", + "current through resistance = (0.1+0j) amperes\n", + "current through capacitance = (-0+0.1j) amperes\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt,sin,cos,atan\n", + "V_s_max=10# #peak value of source voltage\n", + "phi=-pi/2# #phase of source voltage\n", + "V_s=complex(10*cos(pi/2),10*sin(pi/2))# #phasor of source voltage\n", + "W=1000# #angular frequency\n", + "R=100#\n", + "L=0.1#\n", + "C=10*10**-6#\n", + "Z_L=1J*W*L# #impedance of inductance\n", + "Z_C=-1J/(W*C)# #impedance of capacitance\n", + "Z_RC=1/((1/R)+(1/Z_C))# #R and Z_C in parallel combination\n", + "V_C=V_s*Z_RC/(Z_L+Z_RC)# #voltage division principle\n", + "I=V_s/(Z_L+Z_RC)# #current through source and inductor\n", + "I_R=V_C/R# #current through resistance\n", + "I_C=V_C/Z_C# #current through capacitor\n", + "#cos(t)=cos(180-t)\n", + "print 'peak value of Vc = %0.2f volts'%(sqrt(((V_C.real)**2)+((V_C.imag)**2)),)\n", + "print 'phase angle of Vc = %0.f degrees'%((atan((V_C.imag)/(V_C.real)))*180/pi)\n", + "##result : V_C=Vcos(wt+phi) V-peak voltage\n", + "print 'current through source and inductor =',I,'amperes'\n", + "print 'current through resistance = ',I_R,'amperes'\n", + "print 'current through capacitance = ',I_C,'amperes'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 187 Ex:5.6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "peak value of V1 = 16.12 volts\n", + "phase angle of V1 = 29.74 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt,sin,cos,atan\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "\n", + "V_s_max=2# #peak value of source voltage\n", + "V_s_phi=-pi/2# #phase angle of source voltage\n", + "V_s=complex(V_s_max*cos(V_s_phi),V_s_max*sin(V_s_phi))#\n", + "R=10#\n", + "Z_C=-1J*5# #impedance of capacitance\n", + "Z_L=1J*10# #impedance of inductance\n", + "I_s_max=1.5# #peak value of current source\n", + "I_s_phi=0# #phase angle of current source\n", + "I_s=complex(I_s_max*cos(I_s_phi),I_s_max*sin(I_s_phi))#\n", + "#we write the standard equations of V_1 and V_2 in matrix form\n", + "#from node-voltage relation\n", + "A=[[0.1+1J*0.2,-1J*0.2],[-1J*0.2,1J*0.1]] #coefficient matrix\n", + "B=[[-1J*2],[1.5]]# #constant matrix\n", + "#As in A*X=B form\n", + "A=mat(A);B=mat(B)\n", + "V=(A**-1)*B#\n", + "V_1=sqrt(((V[0,0].real))**2+((V[0,0].imag))**2)# #peak value of V_1\n", + "V_1_phi=atan((V[0,0].imag)/(V[0,0].real))# #phase angle of V_1\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'peak value of V1 = %0.2f volts'%V_1\n", + "print 'phase angle of V1 = %0.2f degrees'%(V_1_phi*180/pi)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 188 Ex:5.7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "power delivered by source = 0.50 watts\n", + "reactive power delivered by source = 0.50 VARs\n", + "Using complex power method:\n", + "power delivered by source = 0.50 watts\n", + "reactive power delivered by source = 0.50 VARs\n", + "we see that, in both the methods answers are the same\n", + "reactive power delivered to inductance = 1.00 VARs\n", + "reactive power delivered to capacitance = 0.50 VARs\n", + "power delivered to resistance = 0.50 watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,sqrt,sin,cos,atan\n", + "from numpy import mat,conj\n", + "\n", + "phi_v=-pi/2# #angle of voltage source\n", + "phi_i=-3*pi/4# #angle of current source\n", + "phi=phi_v-phi_i# #power angle\n", + "V_s_max=10# #peak value of voltage source\n", + "V_s_phi=phi_v# #phase angle of voltage source\n", + "R=100#\n", + "V_s=complex(V_s_max*cos(V_s_phi),V_s_max*sin(V_s_phi))# #phasor of voltage source\n", + "X_L=1J*100#\n", + "X_C=-1J*100#\n", + "I_max=0.1414# #peak value of current\n", + "I_phi=phi_i# #phase angle of current\n", + "I=complex(I_max*cos(I_phi),I_max*sin(I_phi))# #phasor of current\n", + "V_s_rms=V_s_max/sqrt(2)# #rms value of voltage\n", + "I_rms=I_max/sqrt(2)# #rms value of current\n", + "I_R_max=0.1# #peak value\n", + "I_R_phi=-2*pi# #phase angle\n", + "I_R=complex(I_R_max*cos(I_R_phi),I_R_max*sin(I_R_phi))# #phasor of current\n", + "I_R_rms=I_R_max/sqrt(2)# #rms value\n", + "I_C_max=0.1# #peak value\n", + "I_C_phi=-pi/2# #phase angle\n", + "I_C=complex(I_C_max*cos(I_C_phi),I_C_max*sin(I_C_phi))# #phasor current in capacitor\n", + "I_C_rms=I_C_max/sqrt(2)# #rms value\n", + "P=V_s_rms*I_rms*cos(phi)# #power by source\n", + "Q=V_s_rms*I_rms*sin(phi)# #reactive power by source\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'power delivered by source = %0.2f watts'%P\n", + "print 'reactive power delivered by source = %0.2f VARs'%Q\n", + "#using complex power method\n", + "print 'Using complex power method:'\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "S=(1/2)*V_s*conj(I)# #complex power\n", + "P=(S.real)#\n", + "Q=(S.imag)#\n", + "print 'power delivered by source = %0.2f watts'%P\n", + "print 'reactive power delivered by source = %0.2f VARs'%Q\n", + "print 'we see that, in both the methods answers are the same'\n", + "Q_L=I_rms**2*X_L/1J# #reactive power to inductance\n", + "Q_C=I_C_rms**2*X_C/1J# #reactive power to capacitance\n", + "P_R=I_R_rms**2*R# #power to resistance\n", + "print 'reactive power delivered to inductance = %0.2f VARs'%abs(Q_L)\n", + "print 'reactive power delivered to capacitance = %0.2f VARs'%abs(Q_C)\n", + "print 'power delivered to resistance = %0.2f watts'%P_R" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 189 Ex:5.8 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Phasor Current = 14.966 A\n", + "\n", + " Angle = 49.59 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import degrees,pi,sqrt,acos,tan,atan,cos\n", + "Vrms = 10**2 #V\n", + "Irms= 10**2 #amp\n", + "pf= 0.5\n", + "pf1= 0.7\n", + "r= 1.41\n", + "#CALCULATIONS\n", + "PA= Vrms*Irms*pf\n", + "QA= -sqrt((Vrms*Irms)**2-PA**2)/1000\n", + "a= acos(pf1)*180/pi\n", + "QB= PA*tan(pi/180*a)/1000\n", + "P= 2*PA/1000\n", + "Q= QA+QB\n", + "o= atan(Q/P)\n", + "pf2= cos(o)\n", + "A= degrees(o)+69.18\n", + "S= sqrt(P**2+Q**2)\n", + "I= S*r\n", + "#RESULTS\n", + "print 'Phasor Current = %.3f A'%I\n", + "print '\\n Angle = %.2f degrees'%A" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 190 Ex: 5.9" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Required capacitance = 1.13 micro-farads\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import degrees,pi,sqrt,acos,tan,atan,cos\n", + "#L is load\n", + "P_L=50*10**3# #power of load\n", + "f=60# #frequency\n", + "V_rms=10*10**3# #rms voltage\n", + "PF_L=0.6# #power factor\n", + "phi_L=acos(PF_L)# #power angle\n", + "Q_L=P_L*tan(phi_L)# #reactive power of load\n", + "#when capacitor is added, power angle changes\n", + "PF_L_new=0.9#\n", + "phi_L_new=acos(PF_L_new)#\n", + "Q_new=P_L*tan(phi_L_new)#\n", + "Q_C=Q_new-Q_L# #reactive power of capacitance\n", + "X_C=-V_rms**2/Q_C# #reactance of capacitor\n", + "W=2*pi*f# #angular frequency\n", + "C=1/(W*abs(X_C))# #capacitance\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Required capacitance = %0.2f micro-farads'%(C*10**6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 191 Ex: 5.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "FOR THEVENIN CIRCUIT:\n", + "thevenin voltage\n", + "peak value of voltage = 100.00 volts\n", + "90.0 phase angle in degrees\n", + "thevenin resistance\n", + "peak value of resistance = 70.71 ohms\n", + "phase angle = -45.00 degrees\n", + "FOR NORTON CIRCUIT:\n", + "norton current\n", + "peak value of norton current = 1.41 amperes\n", + "phase angle = -45.00 degrees\n", + "resistance\n", + "peak value of resistance = 70.71 ohms\n", + "phase angle = -45.00 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import degrees,pi,sqrt,acos,tan,atan,cos\n", + "R=100#\n", + "V_s_max=100# #peak value of voltage\n", + "V_s_phi=0# #phase angle of voltage\n", + "V_s=complex(V_s_max*cos(V_s_phi),V_s_max*sin(V_s_phi))# #phasor of voltage\n", + "Z_C=-1J*100# #impedance of capacitance\n", + "I_s_max=1# #peak value of current\n", + "I_s_phi=pi/2# #phase angle of current\n", + "I_s=complex(I_s_max*cos(I_s_phi),I_s_max*sin(I_s_phi))# #phasor of current\n", + "#zeroing sources to find Z_t i.e., thevenin impedance\n", + "Z_t=1/((1/R)+(1/Z_C))# #R and Z_C are in parallel combination\n", + "#apply short-circuit to find I_sc i.e., short-circuit current\n", + "I_R=abs(V_s)/R# #ohm's law\n", + "I_sc=I_R-I_s# #applying KCL\n", + "V_t=I_sc*Z_t# #thevenin voltage\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'FOR THEVENIN CIRCUIT:'\n", + "print 'thevenin voltage'\n", + "print 'peak value of voltage = %0.2f volts'%abs(V_t)\n", + "#cos(t)=cos(t-180)\n", + "print atan((V_t.imag)/(V_t.real))*180/pi,'phase angle in degrees'\n", + "print 'thevenin resistance'\n", + "print 'peak value of resistance = %0.2f ohms'%abs(Z_t)\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(atan((Z_t.imag)/(Z_t.real))*180/pi)\n", + "print 'FOR NORTON CIRCUIT:'\n", + "print 'norton current'\n", + "print 'peak value of norton current = %0.2f amperes'%(abs(I_sc))\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(atan((I_sc.imag)/(I_sc.real))*180/pi)\n", + "print 'resistance'\n", + "print 'peak value of resistance = %0.2f ohms'%abs(Z_t)\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(atan((Z_t.imag)/(Z_t.real))*180/pi)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 192 Ex: 5.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "FOR ANY COMPLEX LOAD\n", + "required complex load impedance : 50.00+j*50.00\n", + "power delivered to load = 25.00 watts\n", + "FOR PURE RESISTIVE LOAD\n", + "required pure resistive load : 70.71\n", + "power delivered to load: 20.71\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import degrees,pi,sqrt,acos,tan,atan,cos\n", + "from numpy import conj\n", + "#thevenin voltage\n", + "V_t_max=100#\n", + "V_t_phi=-pi/2#\n", + "V_t=complex(V_t_max*cos(V_t_phi),V_t_max*sin(V_t_phi))#\n", + "#thevenin resistance\n", + "Z_t_max=70.71#\n", + "Z_t_phi=-pi/4#\n", + "Z_t=complex(Z_t_max*cos(Z_t_phi),Z_t_max*sin(Z_t_phi))#\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "#a) Any complex load\n", + "print 'FOR ANY COMPLEX LOAD'\n", + "Z_load=conj(Z_t)#\n", + "I_a=V_t/(Z_t+Z_load)# #ohm's law\n", + "I_a_rms=I_a/sqrt(2)# #rms value\n", + "P_1=abs(I_a_rms)**2*(Z_load.real)# #power\n", + "print 'required complex load impedance : {0:0.2f}+j*{0:0.2f}'.format(Z_load.real,Z_load.imag)\n", + "print 'power delivered to load = %0.2f watts'%P_1\n", + "#b) purely resistive load\n", + "print 'FOR PURE RESISTIVE LOAD'\n", + "R_load=abs(Z_t)#\n", + "I_b=V_t/(Z_t+R_load)#\n", + "I_b_rms=I_b/sqrt(2)#\n", + "P_2=abs(I_b_rms)**2*R_load#\n", + "print 'required pure resistive load : ',R_load\n", + "print 'power delivered to load: %0.2f'%P_2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 193 Ex: 5.12" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "LINE CURRENTS\n", + "IaA= 12.751+j*-9.614\n", + "IbB= -14.702+j*-6.236\n", + "IcC= 1.951+j*15.850\n", + "LINE-LINE VOLTAGES\n", + "Vab= 1500.000+j*866.025\n", + "Vbc= 0.000+j*-1732.051\n", + "Vca= -1500.000+j*866.025\n", + "POWER = 19126.69 WATTS\n", + "REACTIVE POWER = 14421.18 VARs\n", + "the phasor diagram cannot be plotted\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import degrees,pi,sqrt,acos,tan,atan,cos\n", + "V_Y=1000# #line to neutral voltage\n", + "f=60# #frequency\n", + "L=0.1# #inductance\n", + "R=50#\n", + "W=2*pi*f# #angular frequency\n", + "Z=complex(R,W*L)# #complex impedance\n", + "phi=atan((Z.imag)/(Z.real))#\n", + "#Balanced wye-wye calculations\n", + "V_an=complex(1000*cos(0),1000*sin(0))#\n", + "V_bn=complex(1000*cos(-2*pi/3),1000*sin(-2*pi/3))#\n", + "V_cn=complex(1000*cos(2*pi/3),1000*sin(2*pi/3))#\n", + "I_aA=V_an/Z#\n", + "I_bB=V_bn/Z#\n", + "I_cC=V_cn/Z#\n", + "#line-line phasors\n", + "V_ab=V_an*sqrt(3)*complex(cos(pi/6),sin(pi/6))#\n", + "V_bc=V_bn*sqrt(3)*complex(cos(pi/6),sin(pi/6))#\n", + "V_ca=V_cn*sqrt(3)*complex(cos(pi/6),sin(pi/6))#\n", + "I_L=abs(I_aA)#\n", + "P=(3/2)*V_Y*I_L*cos(phi)# #power\n", + "Q=(3/2)*V_Y*I_L*sin(phi)# #reactive power\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'LINE CURRENTS'\n", + "print 'IaA= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(I_aA.real,I_aA.imag)\n", + "print 'IbB= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(I_bB.real,I_bB.imag)\n", + "print 'IcC= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(I_cC.real,I_cC.imag)\n", + "print 'LINE-LINE VOLTAGES'\n", + "print 'Vab= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(V_ab.real,V_ab.imag)\n", + "print 'Vbc= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(V_bc.real,V_bc.imag)\n", + "print 'Vca= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(V_ca.real,V_ca.imag)\n", + "print 'POWER = %0.2f WATTS'%P\n", + "print 'REACTIVE POWER = %0.2f VARs'%Q\n", + "print 'the phasor diagram cannot be plotted'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 194 Ex: 5.13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "LINE CURRENTS\n", + "IaA= 53.167+j*-12.388\n", + "IbB= -14.702+j*-6.236\n", + "IcC= 1.951+j*15.850\n", + "LINE-LINE VOLTAGES\n", + "VAB= 866.025+j*500.000\n", + "VBC= 0.000+j*-1000.000\n", + "VCA= -866.025+j*500.000\n", + "power delivered to load = 44702.73 watts\n", + "total power dissipated in the line = 1341.08 VArs\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import degrees,pi,sqrt,acos,tan,atan,cos\n", + "\n", + "Z_line=complex(0.3,0.4)# #impedance of wire\n", + "Z_d=complex(30,6)# #load impedance\n", + "R=(Z_d.real)#\n", + "R_line=(Z_line.real)#\n", + "#source voltages\n", + "V_ab=complex(1000*cos(pi/6),1000*sin(pi/6))#\n", + "V_bc=complex(1000*cos(-pi/2),1000*sin(-pi/2))#\n", + "V_ca=complex(1000*cos(5*pi/6),1000*sin(5*pi/6))#\n", + "#choosing A phase of wye-equivalent circuit\n", + "V_an=V_ab/(sqrt(3)*complex(cos(pi/6),sin(pi/6)))#\n", + "Z_Y=Z_d/3#\n", + "I_aA=V_an/(Z_line+Z_Y)# #line current\n", + "I_aA_rms=abs(I_aA)/sqrt(2)#\n", + "V_An=I_aA*Z_Y# #line to neutral voltage\n", + "V_AB=V_An*sqrt(3)*complex(cos(pi/6),sin(pi/6))# #line to line voltage at the load\n", + "I_AB=V_AB/Z_d# #current through phase AB\n", + "I_AB_rms=abs(I_AB)/sqrt(2)# #rms value\n", + "P_AB=I_AB_rms**2*R# #power delivered to phase AB\n", + "#power delivered in other two phases is same\n", + "P=3*P_AB# #total power\n", + "P_A=I_aA_rms**2*R_line# #power lost in line A\n", + "#power lost in other two lines is same\n", + "P_line=3*P_A#\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "IbB= I_aA*complex(cos(-2*pi/3),sin(-2*pi/3))\n", + "IcC= I_aA*complex(cos(2*pi/3),sin(2*pi/3))\n", + "print 'LINE CURRENTS'\n", + "print 'IaA= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(I_aA.real,I_aA.imag)\n", + "print 'IbB= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(I_bB.real,I_bB.imag)\n", + "print 'IcC= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(I_cC.real,I_cC.imag)\n", + "VBB=V_AB*complex(cos(-2*pi/3),sin(-2*pi/3)),'VBB='\n", + "VCC=V_AB*complex(cos(2*pi/3),sin(2*pi/3)),'VCC='\n", + "\n", + "print 'LINE-LINE VOLTAGES'\n", + "print 'VAB= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(V_ab.real,V_ab.imag)\n", + "print 'VBC= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(V_bc.real,V_bc.imag)\n", + "print 'VCA= {0:0.3f}+j*{1:0.3f}'.format(V_ca.real,V_ca.imag)\n", + "\n", + "print 'power delivered to load = %0.2f watts'%P\n", + "print 'total power dissipated in the line = %0.2f VArs'%P_line" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 194 Ex: 5.14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "real power supplied by V1 = 27.12 watts\n", + "reactive power supplied by V1 = 2.84 VARs\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat,conj\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt,pi,sin,cos\n", + "V_1=10**3*2.2*sqrt(2)*complex(cos(0),sin(0))#\n", + "V_2=10**3*2*sqrt(2)*complex(cos(-pi/18),sin(-pi/18))#\n", + "#writing matrix form of mesh current equaions obtained by KVL\n", + "Z=[[5+3*1J+50*complex(cos(-pi/18),sin(-pi/18)),-50*complex(cos(-pi/18),sin(-pi/18))],[-50*complex(cos(-pi/18),sin(-pi/18)),4+1J+50*complex(cos(-pi/18),sin(-pi/18))]] #coefficient matrix\n", + "V=[[2200*sqrt(2)],[-2000*sqrt(2)*complex(cos(-pi/18),sin(-pi/18))]]# #voltage matrix\n", + "Z=mat(Z);V=mat(V)\n", + "I=Z/V# #current matrix\n", + "S_1=(1/2)*V_1*conj((I[0,0]))# #complex power\n", + "P_1=(S_1.real)# #power\n", + "Q_1=(S_1.imag)# #reactive power\n", + "print \"All the values in the textbook are approximated hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'real power supplied by V1 = %0.2f watts'%P_1\n", + "print 'reactive power supplied by V1 = %0.2f VARs'%Q_1" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter6_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter6_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a5f2ee00 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter6_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,547 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-6 : Frequency response, bode plots and resonance" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 255 Ex: 6.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "peak value of Vout = 6.00 volts\n", + "phase angle of Vout = 70.00 degrees\n", + "with frequency equal to = 1000.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi, cos, sin, atan, sqrt\n", + "# given V_in(t)=2*cos(2000*pi*t+A), A=40*pi/180\n", + "w=2000*pi# #omega\n", + "f=w/(2*pi)# #frequency\n", + "A=40*pi/180# #40 degrees = %0.2f radians\n", + "#equation of straight line of H_magnitude vs f is x+1000*y-4000=0\n", + "H_max=(4000-f)/1000# #magnitude of H(traansfer function)\n", + "#equation of straight line of H_phase angle vs f is 6000*y=pi*x (phase angle = %0.2f radians)\n", + "H_phi=pi*f/6000# #phase angle of H\n", + "H=H_max*complex(cos(H_phi),sin(H_phi))\n", + "V_in=2*complex(cos(A),sin(A))# #input voltage phasor\n", + "V_out=H*V_in# #output voltage phasor\n", + "V_out_R=(V_out.real)# #real part\n", + "V_out_I=(V_out.imag)# #imaginary part\n", + "V_out_max=sqrt((V_out_R**2)+(V_out_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "V_out_phi=atan(V_out_I/V_out_R)\n", + "print 'peak value of Vout = %0.2f volts'%V_out_max\n", + "print 'phase angle of Vout = %0.2f degrees'%(V_out_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'with frequency equal to = %0.2f'%f" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 257 Ex: 6.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Output voltage is Vout1+Vout2+Vout3 where\n", + "\n", + "FOR Vout1:\n", + "peak value = 12.00 volts\n", + "phase angle = 0.00 degrees\n", + "with frequency = 0.00 hertz\n", + "\n", + "FOR Vout2:\n", + "peak value = 6.00 volts\n", + "phase angle = 30.00 degrees\n", + "with frequency = 1000.00 hertz\n", + "\n", + "FOR Vout3:\n", + "peak value = 2.00 volts\n", + "phase angle = -10.00 degrees\n", + "with frequency = 2000.00 hertz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi, cos, sin, atan, sqrt\n", + "\n", + "#given V_in(t)=3+2*cos(2000*pi*t)+cos(4000*pi*t-A), A=70*pi/180\n", + "#the three parts of V_in(t) are V_in_1=3, V_in_2=2*cos(2000*pi*t),V_in_3=cos(4000*pi*t-A)\n", + "\n", + "#first component V_1\n", + "V_in_1=3\n", + "f_1=0# #as omega is zero\n", + "#equation of straight line of H_magnitude vs f is x+1000*y-4000=0\n", + "H_1_max=(4000-f_1)/1000# #magnitude of H(traansfer function)\n", + "#equation of straight line of H_phase angle vs f is 6000*y=pi*x (phase angle = %0.2f radians)\n", + "H_1_phi=pi*f_1/6000# #phase angle of H\n", + "H_1=H_1_max*complex(cos(H_1_phi),sin(H_1_phi))\n", + "V_out_1=H_1*V_in_1\n", + "V_out_1_R=(V_out_1).real# #real part\n", + "V_out_1_I=(V_out_1).imag# #imaginary part\n", + "V_out_1_max=sqrt((V_out_1_R**2)+(V_out_1_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "V_out_1_phi=atan(V_out_1_I/V_out_1_R)# #phase angle\n", + "\n", + "#second component V_in_2\n", + "V_in_2=2*complex(cos(0),sin(0))# #V_in_2 phasor\n", + "w=2000*pi# #omega\n", + "f_2=w/(2*pi)# #frequency\n", + "#equation of straight line of H_magnitude vs f is x+1000*y-4000=0\n", + "H_2_max=(4000-f_2)/1000# #magnitude of H(traansfer function)\n", + "#equation of straight line of H_phase angle vs f is 6000*y=pi*x (phase angle = %0.2f radians)\n", + "H_2_phi=pi*f_2/6000# #phase angle of H\n", + "H_2=H_2_max*complex(cos(H_2_phi),sin(H_2_phi))\n", + "V_out_2=H_2*V_in_2\n", + "V_out_2_R=(V_out_2).real# #real part\n", + "V_out_2_I=(V_out_2).imag# #imaginary part\n", + "V_out_2_max=sqrt((V_out_2_R**2)+(V_out_2_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "V_out_2_phi=atan(V_out_2_I/V_out_2_R)# #phase angle\n", + "\n", + "#third component\n", + "A=-70*pi/180# #-70 degrees = %0.2f radians\n", + "V_in_3=complex(cos(A),sin(A))# #V_in_3 phasor\n", + "w=4000*pi# #omega\n", + "f_3=w/(2*pi)# #frequency\n", + "#equation of straight line of H_magnitude vs f is x+1000*y-4000=0\n", + "H_3_max=(4000-f_3)/1000# #magnitude of H(traansfer function)\n", + "#equation of straight line of H_phase angle vs f is 6000*y=pi*x (phase angle = %0.2f radians)\n", + "H_3_phi=pi*f_3/6000# #phase angle of H\n", + "H_3=H_3_max*complex(cos(H_3_phi),sin(H_3_phi))\n", + "V_out_3=H_3*V_in_3\n", + "V_out_3_R=(V_out_3).real# #real part\n", + "V_out_3_I=(V_out_3).imag# #imaginary part\n", + "V_out_3_max=sqrt((V_out_3_R**2)+(V_out_3_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "V_out_3_phi=atan(V_out_3_I/V_out_3_R)# #phase angle\n", + "\n", + "print 'Output voltage is Vout1+Vout2+Vout3 where'\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'FOR Vout1:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_out_1_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_out_1_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'with frequency = %0.2f hertz'%f_1\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'FOR Vout2:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_out_2_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_out_2_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'with frequency = %0.2f hertz'%f_2\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'FOR Vout3:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_out_3_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_out_3_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'with frequency = %0.2f hertz'%f_3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 258 Ex: 6.3 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Output voltage is Vout1+Vout2+Vout3 where\n", + "\n", + "FOR Vout1:\n", + "peak value = 4.98 volts\n", + "phase angle = -5.71 degrees\n", + "with frequency = 10.00 hertz\n", + "\n", + "FOR Vout2:\n", + "peak value = 3.54 volts\n", + "phase angle = -45.00 degrees\n", + "with frequency = 100.00 hertz\n", + "\n", + "FOR Vout3:\n", + "peak value = 0.50 volts\n", + "phase angle = -84.29 degrees\n", + "with frequency = 1000.00 hertz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi, cos, sin, atan, sqrt\n", + "\n", + "R=1000/(2*pi)# #resistance\n", + "C=10*10**-6# #capacitance\n", + "f_B=1/(2*pi*R*C)# #half-power frequency\n", + "#the three parts of V_in are V_1=5*cos(20*pi*t)+5*cos(200*pi*t)+5*cos(2000*pi*t)\n", + "\n", + "#first component V_in_1\n", + "V_in_1=5*complex(cos(0),sin(0))# #V_in_1 phasor\n", + "w_1=20*pi# #omega\n", + "f_1=w_1/(2*pi)# #frequency\n", + "H_1=1/(1+1J*(f_1/f_B))# #transfer function\n", + "V_out_1=H_1*V_in_1\n", + "V_out_1_R=(V_out_1).real# #real part\n", + "V_out_1_I=(V_out_1).imag# #imaginary part\n", + "V_out_1_max=sqrt((V_out_1_R**2)+(V_out_1_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "V_out_1_phi=atan(V_out_1_I/V_out_1_R)# #phase angle\n", + "\n", + "#second component V_in_2\n", + "V_in_2=5*complex(cos(0),sin(0))# #V_in_2 phasor\n", + "w_2=200*pi# #omega\n", + "f_2=w_2/(2*pi)# #frequency\n", + "H_2=1/(1+1J*(f_2/f_B))# #transfer function\n", + "V_out_2=H_2*V_in_2\n", + "V_out_2_R=(V_out_2).real #real part\n", + "V_out_2_I=(V_out_2).imag #imaginary part\n", + "V_out_2_max=sqrt((V_out_2_R**2)+(V_out_2_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "V_out_2_phi=atan(V_out_2_I/V_out_2_R)# #phase angle\n", + "\n", + "#third component V_in_3\n", + "V_in_3=5*complex(cos(0),sin(0))# #V_in_3 phasor\n", + "w_3=2000*pi# #omega\n", + "f_3=w_3/(2*pi)# #frequency\n", + "H_3=1/(1+1J*(f_3/f_B))# #transfer function\n", + "V_out_3=H_3*V_in_3\n", + "V_out_3_R=(V_out_3).real #real part\n", + "V_out_3_I=(V_out_3).imag #imaginary part\n", + "V_out_3_max=sqrt((V_out_3_R**2)+(V_out_3_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "V_out_3_phi=atan(V_out_3_I/V_out_3_R)# #phase angle\n", + "\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Output voltage is Vout1+Vout2+Vout3 where'\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'FOR Vout1:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_out_1_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_out_1_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'with frequency = %0.2f hertz'%f_1\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'FOR Vout2:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_out_2_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_out_2_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'with frequency = %0.2f hertz'%f_2\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'FOR Vout3:'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_out_3_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_out_3_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print 'with frequency = %0.2f hertz'%f_3\n", + "#we can observe that there is a clear discrimination = %0.2f output signals based on frequencies i.e, lesser the frequency lesser the effect." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 261 Ex: 6.4 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "Break frequency = 1897.37 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "H_max=-30# #transfer function magnitude\n", + "f=60\n", + "m=20# #low-frequency asymptote slope rate = %0.2f db/decade\n", + "#f_B must be K higher than f where K is\n", + "K=abs(H_max)/m\n", + "#(base 10)log(f_B/60)=1.5 ==>\n", + "f_B=60*10**1.5\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print 'Break frequency = %0.2f Hz'%f_B" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 262 Ex: 6.5 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Phasor voltage across Resistance\n", + "peak value = 1.00 volts\n", + "phase angle = 0.00 degrees\n", + "\n", + "Phasor voltage across Inductance\n", + "peak value = 10.00 volts\n", + "phase angle = 90.00 degrees\n", + "\n", + "Phasor voltage across Capacitance\n", + "peak value = 10.00 volts\n", + "phase angle = -90.00 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi, cos, sin, atan, sqrt\n", + "V_s=1*complex(cos(0),sin(0))\n", + "L=159.2*10**-3\n", + "R=100\n", + "C=0.1592*10**-6\n", + "f_o=1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C))# #resonant frequency\n", + "Q_s=2*pi*f_o*L/R# #quality factor\n", + "B=f_o/Q_s# #Bandwidth\n", + "#Approximate half-power frequencies are\n", + "f_H=f_o+(B/2)\n", + "f_L=f_o-(B/2)\n", + "#At resonance\n", + "Z_L=1J*2*pi*f_o*L# #impedance of inductance\n", + "Z_C=-1J/(2*pi*f_o*C)# #impedance of capacitance\n", + "Z_s=R+Z_L+Z_C\n", + "I=V_s/Z_s# #phasor current\n", + "#voltages across diffrent elements are\n", + "#for resistance\n", + "V_R=R*I\n", + "V_R_R=(V_R).real #real part\n", + "V_R_I=(V_R).imag #imaginary part\n", + "V_R_max=sqrt((V_R_R**2)+(V_R_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "V_R_phi=atan(V_R_I/V_R_R)# #phase angle\n", + "#for inductance\n", + "V_L=Z_L*I\n", + "V_L_R=(V_L).real #real part\n", + "V_L_I=(V_L).imag #imaginary part\n", + "V_L_max=sqrt((V_L_R**2)+(V_L_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "#Z_L is pure imaginary ==> V_L is pure imaginary which means V_L_phi can be +or- pi/2\n", + "if ((V_L/1J)==abs(V_L)):\n", + " V_L_phi=pi/2\n", + "elif ((V_L/1J)==-abs(V_L)):\n", + " V_L_phi=-pi/2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#for capacitance\n", + "V_C=Z_C*I\n", + "V_C_R=(V_C).real #real part\n", + "V_C_I=(V_C).imag #imaginary part\n", + "V_C_max=sqrt((V_C_R**2)+(V_C_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "#Z_C is pure imaginary ==> V_C is pure imaginary which means V_C_phi can be +or- pi/2\n", + "if ((V_C/1J)==abs(V_C)) :\n", + " V_C_phi=pi/2\n", + "elif ((V_C/1J)==-abs(V_C)) :\n", + " V_C_phi=-pi/2\n", + "\n", + " \n", + "print 'Phasor voltage across Resistance'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_R_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_R_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'Phasor voltage across Inductance'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_L_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_L_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'Phasor voltage across Capacitance'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.2f volts'%V_C_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(V_C_phi*180/pi)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 264 Ex: 6.6 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current phasor across Resistance\n", + "peak value = 0.001 amperes\n", + "phase angle = 0 degrees\n", + "\n", + "Current phasor across Inductance\n", + "peak value = 0.010 amperes\n", + "phase angle = -90.00 degrees\n", + "\n", + "current phasor across capacitance\n", + "peak value = 0.010 amperes\n", + "phase angle = 90.00 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi, cos, sin, atan, sqrt\n", + "R=10*10**3\n", + "f_o=1*10**6\n", + "B=100*10**3\n", + "I=10**-3*complex(cos(0),sin(0))\n", + "Q_p=f_o/B# #quality factor\n", + "L=R/(2*pi*f_o*Q_p)\n", + "C=Q_p/(2*pi*f_o*R)\n", + "#At resonance\n", + "V_out=I*R\n", + "Z_L=1J*2*pi*f_o*L\n", + "Z_C=-1J/(2*pi*f_o*C)\n", + "\n", + "#across resistance\n", + "I_R=V_out/R\n", + "I_R_R=(I_R).real# #real part\n", + "I_R_I=(I_R).imag# #imaginary part\n", + "I_R_max=sqrt((I_R_R**2)+(I_R_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "I_R_phi=atan(I_R_I/I_R_R)# #phase angle\n", + "\n", + "#across inductance\n", + "I_L=V_out/Z_L\n", + "I_L_R=(I_L).real #real part\n", + "I_L_I=(I_L).imag# #imaginary part\n", + "I_L_max=sqrt((I_L_R**2)+(I_L_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "#Z_L is pure imaginary ==> V_L is pure imaginary which means V_L_phi can be +or- pi/2\n", + "if ((I_L/1J)==abs(I_L)):\n", + " I_L_phi=pi/2\n", + "elif ((I_L/1J)==-abs(I_L)) :\n", + " I_L_phi=-pi/2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#across capacitor\n", + "I_C=V_out/Z_C\n", + "I_C_R=(I_C).real# #real part\n", + "I_C_I=(I_C).imag# #imaginary part\n", + "I_C_max=sqrt((I_C_R**2)+(I_C_I**2))# #peak value\n", + "#Z_C is pure imaginary ==> V_C is pure imaginary which means V_C_phi can be +or- pi/2\n", + "if ((I_C/1J)==abs(I_C)):\n", + " I_C_phi=pi/2\n", + "elif ((I_C/1J)==-abs(I_C)) :\n", + " I_C_phi=-pi/2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print 'Current phasor across Resistance'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.3f amperes'%I_R_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.f degrees'%(I_R_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'Current phasor across Inductance'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.3f amperes'%I_L_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(I_L_phi*180/pi)\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'current phasor across capacitance'\n", + "print 'peak value = %0.3f amperes'%I_C_max\n", + "print 'phase angle = %0.2f degrees'%(I_C_phi*180/pi)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 265 Ex: 6.7 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\n", + "\n", + "The required second order circuit configuration is\n", + "Inductance = 50.00 KH\n", + "Capacitance = 0.51 mF(micro Farads)\n", + "Resistance = 314.16 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "#We need a high-pass filter\n", + "L=50*10**-3\n", + "#for the transfer function to be approximately constant = %0.2f passband area(from graph given = %0.2f the text), we choose\n", + "Q_s=1\n", + "f_o=1*10**3\n", + "C=1/(((2*pi)**2)*f_o**2*L)\n", + "R=2*pi*f_o*L/Q_s\n", + "print \" All the values in the textbook are approximated, hence the values in this code differ from those of Textbook\"\n", + "print ''\n", + "print 'The required second order circuit configuration is'\n", + "print 'Inductance = %0.2f KH'%(L*10**3)\n", + "print 'Capacitance = %0.2f mF(micro Farads)'%(C*10**6)\n", + "print 'Resistance = %0.2f ohms'%R\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter7_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter7_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f504ba45 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter7_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 7 : Logic circuits" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 312 Ex: 7.1 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Binary equivalent of 343 is 101010111\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "N=343# #decimal integer\n", + "N2=bin(N)[2:]# #binary equivalent of N\n", + "print 'Binary equivalent of 343 is',N2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 313 Ex: 7.2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Binary form of 0.392 is 0.0110010\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import floor\n", + "N=0.392# #decimal\n", + "def float_to_binary(num):\n", + " exponent=0\n", + " shifted_num=num\n", + " while shifted_num != int(shifted_num): \n", + " shifted_num*=2\n", + " exponent+=1\n", + " if exponent==0:\n", + " return '{0:0b}'.format(int(shifted_num))\n", + " binary='{0:0{1}b}'.format(int(shifted_num),exponent+1)\n", + " integer_part=binary[:-exponent]\n", + " fractional_part=binary[-exponent:].rstrip('0')\n", + " return '{0}.{1}'.format(integer_part,fractional_part) \n", + "DP =float_to_binary(N)[0:9] \n", + "print 'Binary form of 0.392 is',DP" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 316 Ex: 7.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "binary form of 343.392 : 101010111.101010111\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "n=343.392#\n", + "n1=n%1 # decimal float part\n", + "n2=int(n-n1) # decimal integer part\n", + "b1=bin(n2)[2:] # binary integer part\n", + "def float_to_binary(num):\n", + " exponent=0\n", + " shifted_num=num\n", + " while shifted_num != int(shifted_num): \n", + " shifted_num*=2\n", + " exponent+=1\n", + " if exponent==0:\n", + " return '{0:0b}'.format(int(shifted_num))\n", + " binary='{0:0{1}b}'.format(int(shifted_num),exponent+1)\n", + " integer_part=binary[:-exponent]\n", + " fractional_part=binary[-exponent:].rstrip('0')\n", + " return '{0}.{1}'.format(integer_part,fractional_part) \n", + "b2 =float_to_binary(n2)[0:9] # binary float part\n", + "#combining these two\n", + "b=str(b1)+'.'+str(b2)\n", + "print 'binary form of 343.392 : ',b" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter9_1.ipynb b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter9_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..010ee883 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/chapter9_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 9 : Computer based instrumentation diodes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Pg: 389 Ex: 9.1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The minimum value of Rin required = 9985.00 kilo-ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "P=0.1# #system sensitivity change percent\n", + "R_th_U=15*10**3# #thevenin resistance upper limit\n", + "R_th_L=5*10**3# #thevenin resistance lower limit\n", + "#The required inequality is V_sensor*R_in/(R_th_U+R_in)>=(1-P/100)*V_sensor*R_in/(R_th_L+R_in), cancelling same terms on both sides of inequality and calculating R_in by taking equality we'll get minimum value of R_in ===>R_th_L+R_in=(1-P/100)*(R_th_U+R_in) which gives\n", + "R_in=(((1-P/100)*R_th_U)-R_th_L)*100/P#\n", + "print 'The minimum value of Rin required = %0.2f kilo-ohms'%(R_in/1000)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh11ipNopVStime_1.png b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh11ipNopVStime_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..073c3af2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh11ipNopVStime_1.png diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh13inANDOpVSTime_1.png b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh13inANDOpVSTime_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..b4d3c53b --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh13inANDOpVSTime_1.png diff --git a/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh1chargeNcurrentVSTime_1.png b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh1chargeNcurrentVSTime_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..350afca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electrical_Engineering_-_Principles_And_Applications_by_Allan._R._Hambley/screenshots/zzzCh1chargeNcurrentVSTime_1.png diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch10_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch10_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0f3b8bbf --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch10_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-10 : Multistage Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 316 Example 10.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "For the second stage ZL = RE2 and the current gain of the second stage is\n", + " AI2 = -Ie2 / Ib2 = -hfc / (hoc*RE2) =55.45\n", + "For the second stage,\n", + " Ri2 = hic + (hrc*AI2*RE2) =223.42 kohm\n", + " AV2 = Vo/V2 = (AI2*Re2) / Ri2 = 0.99 \n", + "The First Stage :\n", + " RL1= RC1 || Ri2 =3.93 kohm\n", + "Current gain,\n", + " AI1 = -IC1/Ib1 = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL1)) =-54.63\n", + "The input impedance of the first stage, which is also the input impedance of the cascaded amplifier is\n", + " Ri1 = hie + hre*AI1*RL1 =1.49 kohm\n", + "The voltage gain of the first stage is\n", + " AV1 = V2/V1 = (AI1*RL1) / Ri1 =-143.83\n", + "The output admittance of the first transistor Q1\n", + " Yo1(uA/V) = hoe - ((hfe*hre) / (hie+RS)) =11.36\n", + "The output impedance of the first stage\n", + " Ro1 = 1 / Yo1 =88.00 kohm\n", + "The output impedance taking RC1 into account is\n", + " Rot1(k-ohm) = Ro1 || RC1 =3.83 kohm\n", + "The output admittance of the second stage\n", + " Yo2 = hoc-((hfc*hrc) / (hic+Rot1)) =0.01 A/V\n", + "Output impedance,\n", + " RO2 = 1 / Yo2 =86.77 ohm\n", + "Hence, Ro2(ohm) = (RO2*RE2) / (RO2+RE2) =85.15 ohm\n", + " Ib2/Ic1 = -Rc1/ Rc1+Ri2 =-0.02\n", + " AI = -AI2*AI1*(Rc1 / Ri2+Rc1) =-53.29\n", + " AV = AV2*AV1 =-142.80\n", + "The overall voltage gain taking the source impedance into account,\n", + " AVs = Vo/Vs = Av(Ri1 / Ri1+Rs) =-101.86\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "hie=1600.\n", + "hfe=60.\n", + "hre=5*10**-4\n", + "hoe=25*10**-6\n", + "hic=1600.\n", + "hfc=-61.\n", + "hrc=1.\n", + "hoc=25*10**-6\n", + "print \"For the second stage ZL = RE2 and the current gain of the second stage is\"\n", + "RE2=4000.\n", + "AI2=-hfc/(1+(hoc*RE2))\n", + "print \" AI2 = -Ie2 / Ib2 = -hfc / (hoc*RE2) =%0.2f\"%AI2\n", + "print \"For the second stage,\"\n", + "Ri2 = hic + (hrc*AI2*RE2)\n", + "Ri22=Ri2*10**-3\n", + "print \" Ri2 = hic + (hrc*AI2*RE2) =%0.2f kohm\"%Ri22\n", + "Re2=4000.\n", + "AV2=(AI2*Re2)/Ri2\n", + "print \" AV2 = Vo/V2 = (AI2*Re2) / Ri2 = %0.2f \"%AV2\n", + "print \"The First Stage :\"\n", + "RC1=4000.\n", + "RL1=(RC1*Ri2)/(RC1+Ri2)\n", + "RL11=RL1*10**-3\n", + "print \" RL1= RC1 || Ri2 =%0.2f kohm\"%RL11\n", + "print \"Current gain,\"\n", + "AI1= -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL1))\n", + "print \" AI1 = -IC1/Ib1 = -hfe/(1+(hoe*RL1)) =%0.2f\"%AI1\n", + "print \"The input impedance of the first stage, which is also the input impedance of the cascaded amplifier is\"\n", + "Ri1=hie +(hre*AI1*RL1) # answer in textbook is wrong \n", + "Ri11=Ri1*10**-3\n", + "print \" Ri1 = hie + hre*AI1*RL1 =%0.2f kohm\"%Ri11\n", + "print \"The voltage gain of the first stage is\"\n", + "AV1=(AI1*RL1)/Ri1 # answer in textbook is wrong \n", + "print \" AV1 = V2/V1 = (AI1*RL1) / Ri1 =%0.2f\"%AV1\n", + "print \"The output admittance of the first transistor Q1\"\n", + "RS=600.\n", + "Yo1=hoe-((hfe*hre)/(hie+RS))\n", + "Yo0=Yo1*10**6\n", + "print \" Yo1(uA/V) = hoe - ((hfe*hre) / (hie+RS)) =%0.2f\"%Yo0\n", + "print \"The output impedance of the first stage\"\n", + "Ro1=1./Yo1\n", + "Ro0=Ro1*10**-3\n", + "print \" Ro1 = 1 / Yo1 =%0.2f kohm\"%Ro0\n", + "print \"The output impedance taking RC1 into account is\"\n", + "Rot1=(Ro1*RC1)/(Ro1+RC1)\n", + "Rott=Rot1*10**-3\n", + "print \" Rot1(k-ohm) = Ro1 || RC1 =%0.2f kohm\"%Rott\n", + "print \"The output admittance of the second stage\"\n", + "Yo2=hoc-((hfc*hrc)/(hic+Rot1))\n", + "print \" Yo2 = hoc-((hfc*hrc) / (hic+Rot1)) =%0.2f A/V\"%Yo2\n", + "print \"Output impedance,\"\n", + "RO2=1/(11.525*10**-3)\n", + "print \" RO2 = 1 / Yo2 =%0.2f ohm\"%RO2\n", + "Ro2=(87.*4000.)/(87+4000)\n", + "print \"Hence, Ro2(ohm) = (RO2*RE2) / (RO2+RE2) =%0.2f ohm\"%Ro2\n", + "Rc1=4000.\n", + "x=(-Rc1)/ (Rc1+Ri2)\n", + "print \" Ib2/Ic1 = -Rc1/ Rc1+Ri2 =%0.2f\"%x\n", + "AI=-AI2*x*AI1\n", + "print \" AI = -AI2*AI1*(Rc1 / Ri2+Rc1) =%0.2f\"%AI\n", + "AV=AV2*AV1\n", + "print \" AV = AV2*AV1 =%0.2f\"%AV # answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "print \"The overall voltage gain taking the source impedance into account,\"\n", + "AVs=AV*(Ri1/(Ri1+RS))\n", + "print \" AVs = Vo/Vs = Av(Ri1 / Ri1+Rs) =%0.2f\"%AVs # answer in textbook is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 325 Example 10.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ro = 1/hoe =33.33 kohm\n", + "RB = R1 || R2 =9.09 kohm\n", + "Ri = hie =1.20 kohm\n", + "RC'' = RC || Ro =4.35 kohm\n", + "Ri'' = RB || Ri =1.06 kohm\n", + "Rci'' = Rc'' || Ri'' =0.85 kohm\n", + "rbe = hfe / gm =1000.00 ohm\n", + "(a) Mid-band current gain,\n", + "AIm = (-hfe*R''C) / (RC''+Ri'') =-39.91\n", + "(b) Mid-band voltage gain,\n", + "AVm = (-hfe) * (Rcid/hie) =-36.25\n", + "(c) Lower 3dB frequency,\n", + "fL = 1 / (2*pi*CC*(R_C+R_i)) =4.87 Hz\n", + "Higher 3dB frequency,\n", + "fH = 1 / (2*pi*C*rbe) =994.72 kHz\n", + "(d) Voltage gain x bandwidth\n", + "|AVmfH| =36.06\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "hfe=50.\n", + "hie=1200.\n", + "hoe=30*10**-6\n", + "hre=2.5*10**-4\n", + "RC=5*10**3\n", + "C=160*10**-12\n", + "CC=6*10**-6\n", + "R1=100*10**3\n", + "R2=10*10**3\n", + "gm=50*10**-3\n", + "Ro=1./hoe\n", + "x1=(Ro*10**-3)\n", + "print \"Ro = 1/hoe =%0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "RB=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "x2=RB*10**-3\n", + "print \"RB = R1 || R2 =%0.2f kohm\"%x2\n", + "Ri=hie\n", + "x3=Ri*10**-3\n", + "print \"Ri = hie =%0.2f kohm\"%x3\n", + "R_C=(RC*Ro)/(RC+Ro)\n", + "x4=R_C*10**-3\n", + "print \"RC'' = RC || Ro =%0.2f kohm\"%x4\n", + "R_i=(RB*Ri)/(RB+Ri)\n", + "x6=R_i*10**-3\n", + "print \"Ri'' = RB || Ri =%0.2f kohm\"%x6\n", + "R_ci=(R_C*R_i)/(R_C+R_i)\n", + "x7=R_ci*10**-3\n", + "print \"Rci'' = Rc'' || Ri'' =%0.2f kohm\"%x7\n", + "rbe=hfe/gm\n", + "print \"rbe = hfe / gm =%0.2f ohm\"%rbe\n", + "print \"(a) Mid-band current gain,\"\n", + "AIm=(-50*4.35*10**3)/((4.35*10**3)+(1.1*10**3))\n", + "print \"AIm = (-hfe*R''C) / (RC''+Ri'') =%0.2f\"%AIm\n", + "print \"(b) Mid-band voltage gain,\"\n", + "AVm=(-50)*((0.87*10**3)/(1.2*10**3))\n", + "print \"AVm = (-hfe) * (Rcid/hie) =%0.2f\"%AVm\n", + "print \"(c) Lower 3dB frequency,\"\n", + "fL=1./(2*pi*6*10**-6*(5.45*10**3))\n", + "print \"fL = 1 / (2*pi*CC*(R_C+R_i)) =%0.2f Hz\"%fL\n", + "print \"Higher 3dB frequency,\"\n", + "fH=1/(2*pi*C*rbe)\n", + "x8=fH*10**-3\n", + "print \"fH = 1 / (2*pi*C*rbe) =%0.2f kHz\"%x8 # answer in textbook is wrong \n", + "print \"(d) Voltage gain x bandwidth\"\n", + "y=abs(AVm*fH)\n", + "x9=(y*10**-6)\n", + "print \"|AVmfH| =%0.2f\"%x9" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch11_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch11_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0223a598 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch11_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-11 : Frequency Response of Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 380 Example 11.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "BW = 0.35 / tr =35.00 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "tr=10*10**-9\n", + "BW=0.35/tr\n", + "x1=BW*10**-6\n", + "print \"BW = 0.35 / tr =%0.2f MHz\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 382 Example 11.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "AV = (-hfe*RL) / (RS + hie + ((hie*RS)/RB)) =-145.70 MF\n", + "Lower 3-dB point,\n", + "f1 = (1+hfe) / ((RS+hie)*2*pi*CE) =120.42\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "hfe=400.\n", + "hie=10*10**3\n", + "Rs=600.\n", + "RL=5*10**3\n", + "RE=1*10**3\n", + "VCC=12.\n", + "R1=15*10**3\n", + "R2=2.2*10**3\n", + "CE=50*10**-6\n", + "RB=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "Av=(-hfe*RL)/(Rs+hie+((hie*Rs)/RB))\n", + "print \"AV = (-hfe*RL) / (RS + hie + ((hie*RS)/RB)) =%0.2f MF\"%Av\n", + "print \"Lower 3-dB point,\"\n", + "f1=(1.+hfe)/((Rs+hie)*2*pi*CE)\n", + "print \"f1 = (1+hfe) / ((RS+hie)*2*pi*CE) =%0.2f\"%f1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 386 Example 11.4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The lower 3 dB frequency, f1 = 1 / (2*pi*(RS+R1dash)*CC)\n", + "(a) R1'' = R1 || R2 || hie =500.00 ohm \n", + " CC = 1 / (2*pi*f1*(RS+R1'')) =1.16 uF\n", + "(b) R1''(ohm) = R1 || R2 || [hie+((1+hfe)*RCE)] =716.31 ohm\n", + " CC = 1 / (2*pi*f1*(RS+R1'')) =0.97 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "RS=600.\n", + "hie=1*10**3\n", + "hfe=60.\n", + "R1=5*10**3\n", + "R2=1.25*10**3\n", + "RCE=25.\n", + "f1=125.\n", + "print \"The lower 3 dB frequency, f1 = 1 / (2*pi*(RS+R1dash)*CC)\"\n", + "R1dash=(R1*R2*hie)/((R2*hie)+(R1*hie)+(R1*R2))\n", + "CC=1 / (2*pi*f1*(RS+R1dash))\n", + "x1=CC*10**6\n", + "print \"(a) R1'' = R1 || R2 || hie =%0.2f ohm \"%R1dash\n", + "print \" CC = 1 / (2*pi*f1*(RS+R1'')) =%0.2f uF\"%x1\n", + "x2=hie+((1.+hfe)*RCE)\n", + "R1dash=(R1*R2*x2)/((R2*x2)+(R1*x2)+(R1*R2))\n", + "CC=1 / (2*pi*f1*(RS+R1dash))\n", + "x3=CC*10**6\n", + "print \"(b) R1''(ohm) = R1 || R2 || [hie+((1+hfe)*RCE)] =%0.2f ohm\"%R1dash\n", + "print \" CC = 1 / (2*pi*f1*(RS+R1'')) =%0.2f uF\"%x3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 390 Example 11.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " gm = IC(mA)/26mV = 1/26 =38.46 m-mho\n", + " rb''e = hfe / gm =5.82 kohm\n", + " rbb'' = hie - rb''e = 6000-5824 =176.00 ohm\n", + " cb''e(pF) = gm/2*pi*fT - Cb''c =64.51 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "gm=1./26 #mho\n", + "x1=gm*10**3 #m-mho\n", + "print \" gm = IC(mA)/26mV = 1/26 =%0.2f m-mho\"%x1\n", + "rbe=224./(38.46*10**-3)\n", + "x2=rbe*10**-3 #k-ohm\n", + "print \" rb''e = hfe / gm =%0.2f kohm\"%x2\n", + "rbb=6000.-5824. #ohm\n", + "print \" rbb'' = hie - rb''e = 6000-5824 =%0.2f ohm\"%rbb\n", + "cbe=((38.46*10**-3)/(2*pi*(80*10**6)))-(12*10**-12) # farad\n", + "x3=cbe*10**12 #pF\n", + "print \" cb''e(pF) = gm/2*pi*fT - Cb''c =%0.2f pF\"%x3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 392 Example 11.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " f_alpha = hfe / 2*pi*rb''e*Cb''e =95.91 MHz\n", + " f_beta = 1 / 2*pi*rb''e*(Cb''e+Cb''c) =0.36 MHz\n", + " fT = gm / 2*pi*(Cb''e+Cb''c) =80.64 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "alpha=224./(2*pi*(5.9*10**3)*(63*10**-12)) #Hz\n", + "x1=alpha*10**-6 #MHz\n", + "print \" f_alpha = hfe / 2*pi*rb''e*Cb''e =%0.2f MHz\"%x1\n", + "beta=1/(2*pi*(5.9*10**3)*((63*10**-12)+(12*10**-12)))\n", + "x2=beta*10**-6\n", + "print \" f_beta = 1 / 2*pi*rb''e*(Cb''e+Cb''c) =%0.2f MHz\"%x2\n", + "fT=(38*10**-3)/(2*pi*((63*10**-12)+(12*10**-12)))\n", + "x3=fT*10**-6\n", + "print \" fT = gm / 2*pi*(Cb''e+Cb''c) =%0.2f MHz\"%x3" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch12_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch12_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bd75f1dd --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch12_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-12 : Large Signal Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 414 Example 12.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RL'' = (N1/N2)**2 * RL =1.60 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RL=16*10**2 #in ohm\n", + "x1=RL*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \"RL'' = (N1/N2)**2 * RL =%0.2f kohm\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 414 Example 12.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(N1/N2)**2 = RL''/RL =900.00\n", + "N1/N2 =30.00\n", + "Hence, N1 : N2 = 30 : 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "x1=7200./8\n", + "print \"(N1/N2)**2 = RL''/RL =%0.2f\"%x1\n", + "x2=x1**0.5\n", + "print \"N1/N2 =%0.2f\"%x2\n", + "print \"Hence, N1 : N2 = 30 : 1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 415 Example 12.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) Series-fed load\n", + "Overall efficiency, eta = 25(Vmax-Vmin / Vmax) =23.33 %\n", + "(ii) Transformer-coupled load\n", + "Overall efficiency, eta = 50*(Vmax-Vmin / Vmax+Vmin) =43.75 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"(i) Series-fed load\"\n", + "eta=(25.*14)/15. #in percentage\n", + "print \"Overall efficiency, eta = 25(Vmax-Vmin / Vmax) =%0.2f %%\"%eta\n", + "print \"(ii) Transformer-coupled load\"\n", + "eta=50.*(14./16) #in percentage\n", + "print \"Overall efficiency, eta = 50*(Vmax-Vmin / Vmax+Vmin) =%0.2f %%\"%eta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 415 Example 12.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Collector circuity efficiency,\n", + " eta = (pi/4)*(1-(VCE/VCC))*100 =68.07 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "VCE=2.\n", + "VCC=15.\n", + "eta=(pi/4.)*(1-(VCE/VCC))*100.\n", + "print \"Collector circuity efficiency,\"\n", + "print \" eta = (pi/4)*(1-(VCE/VCC))*100 =%0.2f %%\"%eta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 416 Example 12.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that, TJ = TA + theta*PD\n", + "Therefore, TJ = 27 degree C + (8 degree C/W)*3W =51.00 degree C\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "theta=8.\n", + "TA=27.\n", + "PD=3.\n", + "TJ=TA+(theta*PD)\n", + "print \"We know that, TJ = TA + theta*PD\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, TJ = 27 degree C + (8 degree C/W)*3W =%0.2f degree C\"%TJ" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 417 Example 12.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "PD = (TJ-TA)/thetaJ-A = (160-40)/80 =1.50 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "TJ=160.\n", + "TA=40.\n", + "theta=80.\n", + "PD=(TJ-TA)/theta\n", + "print \"PD = (TJ-TA)/thetaJ-A = (160-40)/80 =%0.2f W\"%PD" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 418 Example 12.7." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " theta_J-A = theta_J-C + theta_C-A || theta_HS-A =12.31 degree C/w\n", + " PD = TJ-TA / theta_J-A =9.75 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "thetaH=8.\n", + "TA=40.\n", + "TJ=160.\n", + "thetaJ=5.\n", + "thetaC=85.\n", + "x1=(thetaC*thetaH)/(thetaC+thetaH)\n", + "theta=thetaJ+x1\n", + "print \" theta_J-A = theta_J-C + theta_C-A || theta_HS-A =%0.2f degree C/w\"%theta\n", + "PD=(TJ-TA)/theta\n", + "print \" PD = TJ-TA / theta_J-A =%0.2f W\"%PD" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch14_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch14_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8f68f296 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch14_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-14 : Feedback Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 452 Example 14.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The percentage change in gain of the amplifier with feedback is\n", + " dAf/Af = dA/A * 1/(1+A*beta) = 0.24 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "A=1000.\n", + "beta=0.04\n", + "dA=10.\n", + "print \"The percentage change in gain of the amplifier with feedback is\"\n", + "dAf=dA*(1/(1+(A*beta)))\n", + "print \" dAf/Af = dA/A * 1/(1+A*beta) = %0.2f %%\"%dAf" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 452 Example 14.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(1 + A*beta) =10.00\n", + "Also, the gain with feedback is\n", + " Af = A / (1+A*beta)\n", + "Therefore, A =1000.00\n", + " 1 + A*beta = 10# i.e. A*beta = 9\n", + "Therefore, beta =0.01\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "Af=100.\n", + "dAf=0.02\n", + "dA=0.2\n", + "Ab=dA/dAf\n", + "print \"(1 + A*beta) =%0.2f\"%Ab\n", + "print \"Also, the gain with feedback is\"\n", + "print \" Af = A / (1+A*beta)\"\n", + "A=Af*Ab\n", + "print \"Therefore, A =%0.2f\"%A\n", + "print \" 1 + A*beta = 10# i.e. A*beta = 9\"\n", + "beta=9./A\n", + "print \"Therefore, beta =%0.2f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 455 Example 14.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) We have BWf = (1 + A*beta) * BW\n", + " BWf =1.50 MHz\n", + "Gain with feedback, Af = A / (1+ A*beta) =20.83\n", + "(b) BWf = (1 + A*beta'') * BW\n", + "1*10**6 = (1 + 125*beta'')*250*10**3\n", + "Therefore, beta =0.02\n", + "i.e. beta (in %) =2.40\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "A=125.\n", + "BW=250*10**3\n", + "beta=0.04\n", + "print \"(a) We have BWf = (1 + A*beta) * BW\"\n", + "BWf = (1 + (A*beta))*BW\n", + "x1=BWf*10**-6\n", + "print \" BWf =%0.2f MHz\"%x1\n", + "Af=A/(1+(A*beta))\n", + "print \"Gain with feedback, Af = A / (1+ A*beta) =%0.2f\"%Af\n", + "print \"(b) BWf = (1 + A*beta'') * BW\"\n", + "print \"1*10**6 = (1 + 125*beta'')*250*10**3\"\n", + "Bd=3./125\n", + "print \"Therefore, beta =%0.2f\"%Bd\n", + "Bd1=Bd*100\n", + "print \"i.e. beta (in %%) =%0.2f\"%Bd1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 456 Example 14.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain with feedback\n", + " Af = A / (1 + A*beta) =80.00\n", + "New lower 3dB frequency,\n", + " f_1f = f1 / 1+A*beta =10.00 Hz\n", + "New upper 3dB frequency,\n", + " f2f = (1+A*beta)*f2 =1.00 MHz\n", + "Distortion with feedback,\n", + " Df = D / 1+A*beta =2.00 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "A=400.\n", + "f1=50.\n", + "f2=200*10**3\n", + "D=10.\n", + "beta=0.01\n", + "print \"The voltage gain with feedback\"\n", + "Af=A/(1+(A*beta))\n", + "print \" Af = A / (1 + A*beta) =%0.2f\"%Af\n", + "print \"New lower 3dB frequency,\"\n", + "f1f=f1/(1+(A*beta))\n", + "print \" f_1f = f1 / 1+A*beta =%0.2f Hz\"%f1f\n", + "print \"New upper 3dB frequency,\"\n", + "f2f=(1+(A*beta))*f2\n", + "x2=f2f*10**-6\n", + "print \" f2f = (1+A*beta)*f2 =%0.2f MHz\"%x2\n", + "print \"Distortion with feedback,\"\n", + "Df=D/(1+(A*beta))\n", + "print \" Df = D / 1+A*beta =%0.2f %%\"%Df" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 458 Example 14.5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voltage gain, Af = A / (1+A*beta) =83.33\n", + "Input resistance, Rif = (1+(A*beta))*Ri =18.00 kohm\n", + "Output resistance, Rof = Ro / (1+A*beta) =3.33 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "A=500.\n", + "Ri=3*10**3\n", + "Ro=20*10**3\n", + "beta=0.01\n", + "Af=A/(1+(A*beta))\n", + "print \"Voltage gain, Af = A / (1+A*beta) =%0.2f\"%Af\n", + "Rif=(1+(A*beta))*Ri\n", + "x1=Rif*10**-3\n", + "print \"Input resistance, Rif = (1+(A*beta))*Ri =%0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "Rof=Ro/(1+(A*beta))\n", + "x2=Rof*10**-3\n", + "print \"Output resistance, Rof = Ro / (1+A*beta) =%0.2f kohm\"%x2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 460 Example 14.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " Ai = 1 + hfe =81.00\n", + " Ri = hie + (1+hfe)*RL =167.00 kohm\n", + " Av = Ai*RL / Ri =0.00\n", + " Ro = hie+Rs / 1+hfe =69.14 ohm\n", + " Rof = Ro || RL =66.82 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "Ai=1+80\n", + "print \" Ai = 1 + hfe =%0.2f\"%Ai\n", + "Ri=(5*10**3)+((1+80)*(2*10**3)) #in ohm\n", + "x1=Ri*10**-3 #in k-ohm\n", + "print \" Ri = hie + (1+hfe)*RL =%0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "Av=(81*2*10**3)/(167*10**3)\n", + "print \" Av = Ai*RL / Ri =%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "Ro=(5000.+600)/(1.+80) # in ohm\n", + "print \" Ro = hie+Rs / 1+hfe =%0.2f ohm\"%Ro\n", + "Rof=(69.13*2000)/(2069.13) #in ohm\n", + "print \" Rof = Ro || RL =%0.2f ohm\"%Rof" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 461 Example 14.7." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " R''L = RB || RL =1000.00 ohm\n", + " Av = -hfe*R''L / hie =-30.48\n", + " Rif = hie || (RB / 1-Av) =1013.17 ohm\n", + " Avf = Vo/Vs = Av*Rif / RS+Rif =-19.14\n", + " Rof = (RB / RS) * (RS+hie / hfe) =4.67 kohm\n", + " R''of = Rof || RL =1.40 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RL=((40*2)/42)*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "print \" R''L = RB || RL =%0.2f ohm\"%RL\n", + "Av=(-80*1905.)/5000.\n", + "print \" Av = -hfe*R''L / hie =%0.2f\"%Av\n", + "x1=(40000.)/(1+30.48)\n", + "Rif=(x1*5000.)/(x1+5000) #in ohm\n", + "print \" Rif = hie || (RB / 1-Av) =%0.2f ohm\"%Rif\n", + "Avf=(-30.48*1013.172)/(600+1013.172)\n", + "print \" Avf = Vo/Vs = Av*Rif / RS+Rif =%0.2f\"%Avf\n", + "Rof=(40000/600.)*(5600./80) #in ohm\n", + "x2=Rof*10**-3 #in k-ohm\n", + "print \" Rof = (RB / RS) * (RS+hie / hfe) =%0.2f kohm\"%x2\n", + "Roff=(4.666*2)/(6.666) #in k-ohm\n", + "print \" R''of = Rof || RL =%0.2f kohm\"%Roff," + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 462 Example 14.8." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) A = -hfe*RL / hie =-40.00\n", + " Ri = hie = 2 k-ohm\n", + "(b) beta = Re / RL =0.10\n", + "(c) Rif = hie + (1+hfe)*Re =10.10 kohm\n", + "(d) Af = -hfe*RL / Rif =-7.92\n", + "(e) Loop gain, beta = -40*0.1 = -4 i.e. 20log4 =12.04 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log10\n", + "R1=20.*10**3\n", + "R2=20.*10**3\n", + "hie=2.*10**3\n", + "RL=1.0*10**3\n", + "Re=100.\n", + "hfe=80.\n", + "A=(-hfe*RL)/hie\n", + "print \"(a) A = -hfe*RL / hie =%0.2f\"%A\n", + "print \" Ri = hie = 2 k-ohm\"\n", + "beta=Re/RL\n", + "print \"(b) beta = Re / RL =%0.2f\"%beta\n", + "Rif=hie+((1+hfe)*Re)\n", + "x1=Rif*10**-3\n", + "print \"(c) Rif = hie + (1+hfe)*Re =%0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "Af=(-hfe*RL)/Rif\n", + "print \"(d) Af = -hfe*RL / Rif =%0.2f\"%Af\n", + "lg=20.*log10(4)\n", + "print \"(e) Loop gain, beta = -40*0.1 = -4 i.e. 20log4 =%0.2f dB\"%lg" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch15_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch15_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3e5b1387 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch15_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,462 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-15 : Oscillators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 475 Example 15.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "L1 = (1 / 4*pi**2*fo**2*C) - L1 =0.04 mH\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "L1=(1./(4*(pi**2)*((120*10**3)**2)*0.004*10**-6))-(0.4*10**-3) #in henry\n", + "x1=L1*10**3 #in mH\n", + "print \"L1 = (1 / 4*pi**2*fo**2*C) - L1 =%0.2f mH\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 475 Example 15.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "When fo = 950 kHz\n", + " C =13.89 pF\n", + "When fo = 2050 kHz\n", + " C = 2.98 pF\n", + "Hence, the range of capacitance is from 2.98 pF to 13.89 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "print \"When fo = 950 kHz\"\n", + "C=1./(4*(pi**2)*((2*10**-3)+(20*10**-6))*((950*10**3)**2)) #farady\n", + "x1=C*10**12 #pF\n", + "print \" C =%0.2f pF\"%x1\n", + "print \"When fo = 2050 kHz\"\n", + "C=1./(4*(pi**2)*((2*10**-3)+(20*10**-6))*((2050*10**3)**2)) #farady\n", + "x1=C*10**12 #pF\n", + "print \" C = %0.2f pF\"%x1\n", + "print \"Hence, the range of capacitance is from 2.98 pF to 13.89 pF\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 476 Example 15.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo = 1 / 2*pi*sqrt(50*10**-6*500*10**-12) =1.01 MHz\n", + "Feedback factor, beta = L1 / L2 =3.17\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "L1=38.*10**-6\n", + "L2=12.*10**-6\n", + "C=500.*10**-12\n", + "L=L1+L2\n", + "fo = 1. / (2*pi*sqrt(L*C))\n", + "x1=fo*10**-6\n", + "print \"fo = 1 / 2*pi*sqrt(50*10**-6*500*10**-12) =%0.2f MHz\"%x1\n", + "beta=L1/L2\n", + "print \"Feedback factor, beta = L1 / L2 =%0.2f\"% beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 478 Example 15.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "L = (C1+C2) / (4*pi**2*fo**2*C1*C2) =13.93 mH\n", + "The voltage gain required to produce oscillation is\n", + " Av > C1/C2 =10.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "C1=0.2*10**-6\n", + "C2=0.02*10**-6\n", + "fo=10.*10**3\n", + "L=(C1+C2)/(4*pi**2*fo**2*C1*C2)\n", + "x1=L*10**3\n", + "print \"L = (C1+C2) / (4*pi**2*fo**2*C1*C2) =%0.2f mH\"%x1\n", + "print \"The voltage gain required to produce oscillation is\"\n", + "x2=C1/C2\n", + "print \" Av > C1/C2 =%0.2f\"%x2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 480 Example 15.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) In a Colpitts oscillator, a series combination of C1 and C2 which is in parallel with inductance L and frequency of oscillations is\n", + " fo = 1 / 2pi*sqrt(LCeq) = 1 / 2pi*sqrt(L*C1*C2/C1+C2) =87.17 kHz\n", + "Vf = Vo*C1 / C2 =2.00 V\n", + " Gain = 500*10**-12 / 100*10**-12 =5.00\n", + "C1 = C2 / 10 =50.00 pF\n", + "(v) The frequncy of oscillation is\n", + "fo = 118.03 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "L=40.*10**-3\n", + "C1=100.*10**-12\n", + "C2=500.*10**-12\n", + "Vo=10.\n", + "print \"(i) In a Colpitts oscillator, a series combination of C1 and C2 which is in parallel with inductance L and frequency of oscillations is\"\n", + "fo=1./ (2*pi*sqrt((L*C1*C2)/(C1+C2)))\n", + "x1=fo*10**-3\n", + "print \" fo = 1 / 2pi*sqrt(LCeq) = 1 / 2pi*sqrt(L*C1*C2/C1+C2) =%0.2f kHz\"%x1\n", + "Vf=(Vo*C1)/C2\n", + "print \"Vf = Vo*C1 / C2 =%0.2f V\"%Vf\n", + "gain=C2/C1\n", + "print \" Gain = 500*10**-12 / 100*10**-12 =%0.2f\"%gain\n", + "x2=C2/10\n", + "x3=x2*10**12\n", + "print \"C1 = C2 / 10 =%0.2f pF\"%x3\n", + "print \"(v) The frequncy of oscillation is\"\n", + "fo=1./ (2*pi*sqrt((40*50*500*10**-27)/((50*10**-12)+(500*10**-12))))\n", + "x4=fo*10**-3\n", + "print \"fo = %0.2f kHz\"% x4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 481 Example 15.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "When fo = 400 kHz, Cmax(pF) =2638.57\n", + "When fo = 1200 kHz, Cmin = 293.17 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "fo1=400.*10**3\n", + "fo2=1200.*10**3\n", + "Lp=60.*10**-6\n", + "C = 1 / (4*pi**2*fo1**2*Lp)\n", + "x1=C*10**12\n", + "print \"When fo = 400 kHz, Cmax(pF) =%0.2f\"%x1 # answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "C = 1. / (4*pi**2*fo2**2*Lp)\n", + "x2=C*10**12\n", + "print \"When fo = 1200 kHz, Cmin = %0.2f pF\"%x2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 482 Example 15.7." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "When fo = 540 kHz, Cmax = 86.87 pF\n", + "When fo = 1650 kHz, Cmin = 9.30 pF\n", + "Hence, the capacitor range required is 9.3-86.87 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "fo1=540.*10**3\n", + "fo2=1650.*10**3\n", + "L=1*10.**-3\n", + "Cmax = 1. / (4*pi**2*fo1**2*L)\n", + "x1=Cmax*10**12\n", + "print \"When fo = 540 kHz, Cmax = %0.2f pF\"%x1\n", + "Cmin = 1. / (4*pi**2*fo2**2*L)\n", + "x2=Cmin*10**12\n", + "print \"When fo = 1650 kHz, Cmin = %0.2f pF\"%x2\n", + "print \"Hence, the capacitor range required is 9.3-86.87 pF\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 483 Example 15.8." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " fo =3.25 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "fo=1./(2*pi*(200*10**3)*(100*10**-12)*sqrt(6)) #in Hz\n", + "x1=fo*10**-3 #in kHz\n", + "print \" fo =%0.2f kHz\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 486 Example 15.9." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fo = 606.69 Hz\n", + "beta =155.70\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "fo=1./(2*3.142*10000*(0.01*10**-6)*sqrt(6+((4*2.2*10**3)/(10000)))) #in Hz\n", + "print \"fo = %0.2f Hz\"%fo\n", + "beta=23.+(29.*(10/2.2))+(4*(2.2/10))\n", + "print \"beta =%0.2f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 487 Example 15.10." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " C=0.42 nF\n", + " hfe >=50.68\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "fo=1./(2*pi*(10*10**3)*(7.1*10**3)*sqrt(6+((4*40*10**3)/(7.1*10**3)))) # in Farady\n", + "x1=fo*10**9 # in nF\n", + "print \" C=%0.2f nF\"%x1\n", + "h=23.+(29.*(7.1/40))+(4*(40/7.1))\n", + "print \" hfe >=%0.2f\"% h" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 488 Example 15.11." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Therefore, C = 1 / 2*pi*R*fo =159.15 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "C=1./(2*pi*100000*10000) # in farady\n", + "x1=C*10**12 #in pF\n", + "print \"Therefore, C = 1 / 2*pi*R*fo =%0.2f pF\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 489 Example 15.12." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) The series resonant frequencies of the crystal is\n", + " fs = 1 / 2*pi*sqrt(L*Cs) = 918.88 kHz\n", + "Q factor of the crystal at fs = omegaS*L / R = 2*pi*fs*L / R =577.36\n", + "(b) The parallel resonant frequency of the crystal is\n", + " fp = 1/2pi * sqrt((Cs+Cp)/(L*Cs*Cp)) =946.05 kHz\n", + "Q factor of the crystal at fp = omegaS*L / R = 2*pi*fs*L / R =594.39\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "print \"(a) The series resonant frequencies of the crystal is\"\n", + "fs=1./(2*pi*sqrt(0.5*0.06*10**-12)) #in Hz\n", + "x1=fs*10**-3 #in kHz\n", + "print \" fs = 1 / 2*pi*sqrt(L*Cs) = %0.2f kHz\"%x1\n", + "fs=(2.*pi*(918.9*10**3)*0.5)/(5*10**3)\n", + "print \"Q factor of the crystal at fs = omegaS*L / R = 2*pi*fs*L / R =%0.2f\"%fs\n", + "print \"(b) The parallel resonant frequency of the crystal is\"\n", + "fp=(1./(2*pi))*sqrt((1.06*10**-12)/(0.5*(0.06*10**-12)*(1*10**-12))) # in Hz\n", + "x1=fp*10**-3\n", + "print \" fp = 1/2pi * sqrt((Cs+Cp)/(L*Cs*Cp)) =%0.2f kHz\"%x1\n", + "fp=(2.*pi*(946.*10**3)*0.5)/(5.*10**3)\n", + "print \"Q factor of the crystal at fp = omegaS*L / R = 2*pi*fs*L / R =%0.2f\"%fp" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch16_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch16_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4790b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch16_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,766 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-16 : Wave Shaping and Multivibrator Circuits" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 512 Example 16.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Given tr = 35 ns\n", + "We know that, tr = 0.35 / BW\n", + "Therefore, BW = 0.35 / tr =10.00 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"Given tr = 35 ns\"\n", + "bw=0.35/(35*10**-9) # in Hz\n", + "x1=bw*10**-6 #in MHz\n", + "print \"We know that, tr = 0.35 / BW\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, BW = 0.35 / tr =%0.2f MHz\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 514 Example 16.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Given ton = 70 ns\n", + " C = ton / 0.1*Rs =1166.67 pF\n", + " tre = 2.3*RB*C =15.46 u-seconds\n", + " f = 1/2T = 1/2tre =33.33 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"Given ton = 70 ns\"\n", + "C=(70*10**-9)/(0.1*600) # in faraday\n", + "x1=C*10**12 # in pF\n", + "print \" C = ton / 0.1*Rs =%0.2f pF\"%x1 # approximately 1200 pF\n", + "tre=2.3*(5.6*10**3)*(1200*10**-12) # in seconds\n", + "x2=tre*10**6 #in us\n", + "print \" tre = 2.3*RB*C =%0.2f u-seconds\"%x2\n", + "f=1./(2*(15*10**-6)) #in Hz\n", + "x3=f*10**-3 #in kHz\n", + "print \" f = 1/2T = 1/2tre =%0.2f kHz\"%x3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 514 Example 16.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "transition voltage: 3.00\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f0239952290>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,sin,pi\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,show,ylabel\n", + "amp = 15.\n", + "vi_t=3.# # transition voltage\n", + "t=arange(0,2*pi+0.1,0.1)\n", + "vi=[]\n", + "for x in t:\n", + " vi.append(amp*sin(x))\n", + "vo=[]\n", + "for x in vi:\n", + " vo.append(x+3)# # output voltage\n", + "print 'transition voltage: %0.2f'%vi_t\n", + "for i in range(0,len(t)):\n", + " if(vo[(i)]<=0):\n", + " vo[(i)]=0\n", + "\n", + "subplot(2,1,1)\n", + "plot(t,vo,2,'011','',[0,0,7,18])\n", + "title('Ouptut voltage in sin wave')\n", + "xlabel('t')\n", + "ylabel('vo')\n", + "show()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "t=arange(0,20+0.1,0.1)\n", + "vo=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,int(len(t)/2)):\n", + " vo.append(15+3)\n", + "\n", + "for i in range(int(len(t)/2-1),len(t)-1):\n", + " vo.append(0)\n", + "subplot(3,1,2)\n", + "\n", + "plot(t,vo,2,'011','',[0,-5,21,20])#\n", + "title('Ouptut voltage in square wave')\n", + "xlabel('t')\n", + "ylabel('vo')#\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 515 Example 16.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 35, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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wF7An8AJwvLu/FarGLKnw87wA6CQaCnJgNXBqyXi2DMDMPgMsBpazecjnfKJd\nGKr+jKYuBEREpH3SNhwkIiJtpBAQESkwhYCISIEpBERECkwhICJSYAoBEZECUwiIVMnMOszsf4Su\nQ6SZFAIi1dsB+J+hixBpJoWASPUuAcbHFz+5NHQxIs2gFcMiVTKzvYBfufsnQ9ci0izqBESqp4uf\nSO4oBERECkwhIFK9vwDbhS5CpJkUAiJVcvce4P+Z2QpNDEteaGJYRKTA1AmIiBSYQkBEpMAUAiIi\nBaYQEBEpMIWAiEiBKQRERApMISAiUmAKARGRAvv/vixeuz53rIgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f0239638290>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,show,ylabel\n", + "\n", + "t= arange(0,20+0.1,0.1)\n", + "x=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,len(t)):\n", + " if(t[(i)]<=5):\n", + " x.append((15.0/5)*t[(i)])\n", + " elif(t[(i)]>=5 and t[(i)]<=15):\n", + " x.append(-3.2*t[(i)]+30)\n", + " elif(t[(i)]>=15 and t[(i)]<=20):\n", + " x.append((15./5)*t[(i)]-60)\n", + "y=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,len(t)):\n", + " if(x[(i)]>3):\n", + " y.append(x[(i)])\n", + " elif(x[i]<=3):\n", + " y.append(3)\n", + "plot(t,y,2,'011','',[0,0,20,16])#\n", + "\n", + "title('output voltage')\n", + "xlabel('t')\n", + "ylabel('Vo')\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 516 Example 16.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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F4UsoblGAp1/zidlPcPTCUaZ3nB7yV5RUKjM5cv4Itb+uzYdNPgzZ/Y3huEUR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\nPe7uQYEcBeyOphxEC4VSeLq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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fa57b0ed350>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "max output voltage is 5V\n", + "min output voltage is -3V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,show,ylabel,legend\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#let input wave be V_in=V_p_in*sin(2*pi*f*t) \n", + "f=1.# #Frequency is 1Hz\n", + "T=1./f#\n", + "V_p_in=10# #Peak input voltage\n", + "V_th=0.7# #knee voltage of diode\n", + "#let n be double the number of cycles of output shown in graph\n", + "for n in range(0,2):\n", + " t=arange(T*n/2.,T*(n+1)/2.+0.0005,0.0005) #time for each half cycle\n", + " V_in=[]\n", + " for tt in t:\n", + " V_in.append(V_p_in*sin(2*pi*f*tt))\n", + " Vout=V_in#\n", + " if (n%2)==0: #positive half,D1 conducts till V_in=5V\n", + " a=(Vout<5)# \n", + " b=(Vout>5)# \n", + " y=[]\n", + " for vv in Vout:\n", + " y.append(a*vv+5*b)# #output follows input till 5V then is constant at 5V\n", + " else: #negative half, D2 conducts till V_in=-3V\n", + " a=(Vout<-3)# \n", + " b=(Vout>-3)#\n", + " for vv in Vout:\n", + " y.append(-3*a+b*vv) #output follows input till -3V then stays constant at -3V\n", + " \n", + " plot(t,y[0:1001])\n", + " plot(t,V_in)\n", + "legend(['output','input'])\n", + "title('Positive and Negative diode limiter')\n", + "xlabel('t')\n", + "ylabel('Vo')\n", + "show()\n", + "print 'max output voltage is 5V'\n", + "print 'min output voltage is -3V'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 518 Example 16.8." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 40, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "V_DC = 10.00 V\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f0239c14410>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,pi,sin\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,show,ylabel\n", + "#Positive Clamping circuit\n", + "#let input voltage be V_in=V_p_in*sin(2*pi*f*t)\n", + "V_p_in=10.#\n", + "V_DC=(V_p_in)# #DC level added to output\n", + "print 'V_DC = %0.2f V'%V_DC\n", + "for n in range(0,2):\n", + " t=arange(n/2,(n+1)/2+0.0005,0.0005)\n", + " V_in=[]\n", + " for tt in t:\n", + " V_in.append(V_p_in*sin(2*pi*tt))\n", + " Vout=[]\n", + " for vv in V_in:\n", + " Vout.append(V_DC+vv)\n", + " plot(t,Vout)\n", + "\n", + "title('Positive clipper graph')\n", + "xlabel('t')\n", + "ylabel('Vo')\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 519 Example 16.9." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "V_DC = -12.00 V\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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YWMnL/Gn0aFi8GBYu9DuSxDUnew5tJrWh90m9md1ztiUTY7AeSsJatAgGDHA3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\n+oD3fmlgCnAasA+4RVUzg+z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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fa57b361650>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,pi,sin\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,subplot,title,xlabel,show,ylabel\n", + "#Negative Clamping circuit\n", + "#let input voltage be V_in=V_p_in*sin(2*pi*f*t)\n", + "V_p_in=12#\n", + "V_DC=-(V_p_in)# #DC level added to output\n", + "print 'V_DC = %0.2f V'%V_DC\n", + "#t=[]\n", + "for n in range(0,2):\n", + " t=(n/2.,(n+1)/2.+0.0005,0.0005)\n", + " V_in=[]\n", + " for tt in t:\n", + " V_in.append(V_p_in*sin(2*pi*tt))\n", + " Vout=[]\n", + " for vv in V_in:\n", + " Vout.append(V_DC+vv)\n", + " plot(t,Vout)\n", + "\n", + "title('Negative clipper graph')\n", + "xlabel('t')\n", + "ylabel('Vo')\n", + "show()\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 520 Example 16.10." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The frequency of a symmetrical astable multivibrator is\n", + " f = 1/1.386RC =36.08 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "f=1./(1.386*(20*10**3)*(1000*10**-12)) #in Hz\n", + "x1=f*10**-3 # in kHz\n", + "print \"The frequency of a symmetrical astable multivibrator is\"\n", + "print \" f = 1/1.386RC =%0.2f kHz\"%x1 # answer in textbook is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 521 Example 16.11." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The period of oscillation for an asymmetrical astable multivibrator is,\n", + " T = 0.693(R1C1+R2C2) = 360.36 us\n", + "Therefore, the frequency of oscillation, f = 1/T =2.78 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"The period of oscillation for an asymmetrical astable multivibrator is,\"\n", + "t=0.693*(((2*10**3)*0.01*10**-6)+((10*10**3)*(0.05*10**-6))) # seconds\n", + "x1=t*10**6 # in us\n", + "print \" T = 0.693(R1C1+R2C2) = %0.2f us\"%x1\n", + "f=1./(360.36*10**-6) # in Hz\n", + "x2=f*10**-3 # in kHz\n", + "print \"Therefore, the frequency of oscillation, f = 1/T =%0.2f kHz\"%x2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 522 Example 16.12." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The period of oscillation is, T = 1/f = 10.00 us\n", + " T1 = 2us (given)\n", + "Hence, T2 = T - T1 =8.00 us\n", + " T1 = 0.693*R1C1\n", + "Therefore, C1 = T1 / 0.693R1 =144.30 pF\n", + " T2 = 0.693*R2*C2\n", + "Therefore, C2 = T2 / 0.693R2 =577.20 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "t=1./(100*10**3) # in seconds\n", + "x1=t*10**6 # in us\n", + "print \"The period of oscillation is, T = 1/f = %0.2f us\"%x1\n", + "print \" T1 = 2us (given)\"\n", + "t2=10-2 # in us\n", + "print \"Hence, T2 = T - T1 =%0.2f us\"%t2\n", + "print \" T1 = 0.693*R1C1\"\n", + "c1=(2*10**-6)/(0.693*(20*10**3)) # in faraday\n", + "x1=c1*10**12 # in pF\n", + "print \"Therefore, C1 = T1 / 0.693R1 =%0.2f pF\"%x1 #answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "c2=(8*10**-6)/(0.693*(20*10**3)) # in faraday\n", + "x1=c2*10**12 # in pF\n", + "print \" T2 = 0.693*R2*C2\" #answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "print \"Therefore, C2 = T2 / 0.693R2 =%0.2f pF\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 523 Example 16.13." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " RC = 12-0.2/1*10**-3 = 11.80 kohm\n", + " R <= hfe*RC\n", + " R <=1.18 Mohm\n", + "Hence, let us assume that R = R1 = R2 = 1 M-ohm\n", + " Toff = 0.693*R*C1\n", + "Therefore, C1 =28.86 pF\n", + " Ton = 0.693*R*C2\n", + "Therefore, C2 = 14.43 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rc=(12-0.2)/(1*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "x1=rc*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" RC = 12-0.2/1*10**-3 = %0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "r=100.*11.8*10**3 # in ohm\n", + "x1=r*10**-6 # in M-ohm\n", + "print \" R <= hfe*RC\"\n", + "print \" R <=%0.2f Mohm\"%x1\n", + "print \"Hence, let us assume that R = R1 = R2 = 1 M-ohm\"\n", + "print \" Toff = 0.693*R*C1\"\n", + "c1=(20*10**-6)/(0.693*10**6) # in faraday\n", + "x1=c1*10**12 # in pF\n", + "print \"Therefore, C1 =%0.2f pF\"%x1\n", + "print \" Ton = 0.693*R*C2\"\n", + "c1=(10*10**-6)/(0.693*10**6) # in faraday\n", + "x1=c1*10**12 # in pF\n", + "print \"Therefore, C2 = %0.2f pF\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 523 Example 16.14." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "At stable state, Q2 is ON and Q2 is OFF:\n", + " RC2(ohm) = RC1(ohm) = VCC-VCE(sat) / IC(sat) =950.00 ohm\n", + "IB2(sat) = IC(sat) / hfe(min) =0.30 mA\n", + "Also, IB1(sat) = 0.3 mA\n", + " R = VCC-VBE(sat) / IB2(sat) = 17.67 kohm\n", + " [because, VBE(sat) = 0.7 V for Si transistor]\n", + "At quasi-stable state, Q1 is ON and Q2 is OFF\n", + " T = 0.693*R*C\n", + "Therefore, C= T / 0.693*R =0.01 uF\n", + "Assume, IB1(sat) = IR2\n", + "Therefore, IR1 = IB1(sat)+IR2 =0.60 mA\n", + " VCC = VBE(sat) + IR1(RC2+R1)\n", + "Therefore, R1 = (VCC-VBE(sat) / IR1) - RC2 =7.88 kohm\n", + " R2 = VBE(sat)-(-VBB) / IR2 =7.33 kohm\n", + "The speed up capacitor C1 is chosen such that R1C1 = 1 us and hence,\n", + " C1 = 127.67 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"At stable state, Q2 is ON and Q2 is OFF:\"\n", + "rc2=(6.-0.3)/(6*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" RC2(ohm) = RC1(ohm) = VCC-VCE(sat) / IC(sat) =%0.2f ohm\"%rc2\n", + "ib2=(6.*10**-3)/20 # in ampere\n", + "x1=ib2*10**3 # in mA\n", + "print \"IB2(sat) = IC(sat) / hfe(min) =%0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "print \"Also, IB1(sat) = 0.3 mA\"\n", + "r=(6-0.7)/(0.3*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "x1=r*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" R = VCC-VBE(sat) / IB2(sat) = %0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "print \" [because, VBE(sat) = 0.7 V for Si transistor]\"\n", + "print \"At quasi-stable state, Q1 is ON and Q2 is OFF\"\n", + "print \" T = 0.693*R*C\"\n", + "c=(140.*10**-6)/(0.693*17.67*10**3) # in F\n", + "x1=c*10**6 # in uF\n", + "print \"Therefore, C= T / 0.693*R =%0.2f uF\"%x1\n", + "print \"Assume, IB1(sat) = IR2\"\n", + "ir2=0.3+0.3 # in mA\n", + "print \"Therefore, IR1 = IB1(sat)+IR2 =%0.2f mA\"%ir2\n", + "r1=((6-0.7)/(0.6*10**-3))-950 # in ohm\n", + "x1=r1*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" VCC = VBE(sat) + IR1(RC2+R1)\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, R1 = (VCC-VBE(sat) / IR1) - RC2 =%0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "r2=(0.7+1.5)/(0.3*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "x1=r2*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" R2 = VBE(sat)-(-VBB) / IR2 =%0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "print \"The speed up capacitor C1 is chosen such that R1C1 = 1 us and hence,\"\n", + "c1=(1.0*10**-6)/(7.833*10**3) # in F\n", + "x1=c1*10**12 # in pF\n", + "print \" C1 = %0.2f pF\" %x1 # answer in textbook is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 524 Example 16.15." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " VB1 = -VBB*R2 / R2+R3 = -1.57 V\n", + " IC2 = [VCC-VC2(sat) / RC2] - [VC2(sat)-(-VBB) / R2+R3] =5.21 mA\n", + " IB2 > IC2 / hfe(min) > 0.27\n", + "Therefore, I6 = 0.13 mA\n", + " I3 =0.63 mA\n", + " VC1 = 10.62 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "vb1=(-12.*15*10**3)/(115.*10**3) # in volts\n", + "print \" VB1 = -VBB*R2 / R2+R3 = %0.2f V\"%vb1\n", + "ic2=((12-0.3)/(2.2*10**3))-((0.3+12)/(115*10**3)) # in A\n", + "x1=ic2*10**3 # in mA (Since Q2 is ON VC2(sat) = 0.3 V)\n", + "print \" IC2 = [VCC-VC2(sat) / RC2] - [VC2(sat)-(-VBB) / R2+R3] =%0.2f mA\"%x1 # answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "ib2=(5.35*10**-3)/20 # in A\n", + "x1=ib2*10**3 # in mA\n", + "print \" IB2 > IC2 / hfe(min) > %0.2f\"%x1 # approximately 0.5 mA\n", + "i6=(0.7+12)/(100) # in mA\n", + "print \"Therefore, I6 = %0.2f mA\"%i6\n", + "i3=0.5+0.127 # in mA\n", + "print \" I3 =%0.2f mA\"%i3\n", + "vc1=12-((0.627*10**-3)*(2.2*10**3))\n", + "print \" VC1 = %0.2f V\"%vc1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 525 Example 16.16." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voltage across RE is VE = VB2 - VBE =4.30 V\n", + " RE = VE / IE =2.15 kohm\n", + " IC*RC2 = VCC - VE - VCE(sat) = 7.50 V\n", + " RC2 =3.75 kohm\n", + " I2 = 0.1*IC2 =0.20 mA\n", + " R2 = VB2 / I2 =25.00 kohm\n", + " IB2 = IC2 / hfe(min) = 0.00 uA\n", + "RC1 + R1 =31.82\n", + " I1 = VB2 / R2 =0.12 mA\n", + " IC1 = IE = VB1-VBE / RE =1.07 mA\n", + "Therefore, RC1 =4.84 kohm\n", + " R1 = 26.96 kohm\n", + " RB < hfe*RE\n", + " RB = hfe*RE / 10 =21.50 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ve=5-0.7 # in volts\n", + "print \"Voltage across RE is VE = VB2 - VBE =%0.2f V\"%ve\n", + "re=4.3/2 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" RE = VE / IE =%0.2f kohm\"%re\n", + "x=12-4.3-0.2 # in volts\n", + "print \" IC*RC2 = VCC - VE - VCE(sat) = %0.2f V\"%x\n", + "rc2=7.5/(2) # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" RC2 =%0.2f kohm\"%rc2\n", + "i2=0.1*2 # in mA\n", + "print \" I2 = 0.1*IC2 =%0.2f mA\"%i2\n", + "r2=5/0.2 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" R2 = VB2 / I2 =%0.2f kohm\"%r2\n", + "ib2=(210**-3)/100 # in A\n", + "x1=ib2*10**6 # in uA\n", + "print \" IB2 = IC2 / hfe(min) = %0.2f uA\"%x1\n", + "x=7/(0.22) # in k-ohm\n", + "print \"RC1 + R1 =%0.2f\"%x\n", + "i1=3./25 # in mA\n", + "print \" I1 = VB2 / R2 =%0.2f mA\"%i1\n", + "ic1=(3-0.7)/2.15 # in mA\n", + "print \" IC1 = IE = VB1-VBE / RE =%0.2f mA\"%ic1\n", + "rc1=(12-((0.12*10**-3)*(56.8*10**3)))/(1.07*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "x1=rc1*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \"Therefore, RC1 =%0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "r1=31.8-4.84\n", + "print \" R1 = %0.2f kohm\"%r1\n", + "rb=(100*2.15)/10\n", + "print \" RB < hfe*RE\"\n", + "print \" RB = hfe*RE / 10 =%0.2f kohm\"%rb" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch17_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch17_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6ff93046 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch17_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-17 : Blocking Oscillators and Time Based Generators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 536 Example 17.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RE < VBB-VP/IP, i.e. RE(k-ohm) < 20-2.9/1.6*10**-3 =10.69 kohm\n", + "RE > VBB-VV/IV, i.e. RE(k-ohm) < 20-1.118/3.5*10**-3 =5.39 kohm\n", + "Therefore, CE = 0.24 uF\n", + "Therefore, R1 = VR1/IE =20.00 ohm\n", + " R2(ohm) = 11*10**3/250 =44.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RE=(20-2.9)/(1.6) # in k-ohm\n", + "print \"RE < VBB-VP/IP, i.e. RE(k-ohm) < 20-2.9/1.6*10**-3 =%0.2f kohm\"%RE\n", + "RE=(20-1.118)/(3.5) # in k-ohm\n", + "print \"RE > VBB-VV/IV, i.e. RE(k-ohm) < 20-1.118/3.5*10**-3 =%0.2f kohm\"%RE\n", + "# answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "CE=1./(500*(2.303*10**4)*0.36) # in farady\n", + "x1=CE*10**6 # in uF\n", + "print \"Therefore, CE = %0.2f uF\"%x1\n", + "R1=5./(250*10**-3) #in ohm\n", + "print \"Therefore, R1 = VR1/IE =%0.2f ohm\"%R1\n", + "R2=11000./250\n", + "print \" R2(ohm) = 11*10**3/250 =%0.2f ohm\"%R2" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch18_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch18_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..125917ee --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch18_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,916 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-18 : Rectifiers and Power Supplies" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 548 Example 18.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) Peak value of current, Im = Vm / rf+RL = 295.45 mA\n", + " Average current, Id.c. = Im / pi = 94.04 mA\n", + " RMS value of current, Irms = Im / 2 = 147.72 mA\n", + "(b) D.C. power output, Pd.c. = (Id.c.)**2 * RL = 8.84 W\n", + "(c) AC input power, Pac = (Irms)**2 * (rf+RL) = 24.00 \n", + "(d) Efficiency of rectification, eta = Pdc / Pac = 36.85 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "im=325./(100+1000) # in A\n", + "x1=im*10**3 # in mA\n", + "print \"(a) Peak value of current, Im = Vm / rf+RL = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "idc=295.45/pi # in mA\n", + "print \" Average current, Id.c. = Im / pi = %0.2f mA\"%idc\n", + "irms=295.45/2 # in mA\n", + "print \" RMS value of current, Irms = Im / 2 = %0.2f mA\"%irms\n", + "pdc=((94.046*10**-3)**2)*1000 # in W\n", + "print \"(b) D.C. power output, Pd.c. = (Id.c.)**2 * RL = %0.2f W\"%pdc\n", + "pac=((147.725*10**-3)**2)*1100 # in W\n", + "print \"(c) AC input power, Pac = (Irms)**2 * (rf+RL) = %0.2f \"%pac\n", + "eta=(8.845/24)*100 # in percentage\n", + "print \"(d) Efficiency of rectification, eta = Pdc / Pac = %0.2f %%\"%eta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 548 Example 18.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Average value of load current, Id.c.= Vdc / RL = 48.00 mA\n", + "Maximum value of load current, Im= pi * Idc = 150.80 mA\n", + "Therefore, maximum ac voltage required at the input,\n", + " Vm = Im * (rf+RL) = 82.94 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "icd=(24./500)*10**3 # in mA\n", + "print \"Average value of load current, Id.c.= Vdc / RL = %0.2f mA\"%icd\n", + "im=pi*48 # in mA\n", + "print \"Maximum value of load current, Im= pi * Idc = %0.2f mA\"%im\n", + "print \"Therefore, maximum ac voltage required at the input,\"\n", + "vm=550*150.8*10**-3 # in V\n", + "print \" Vm = Im * (rf+RL) = %0.2f V\"%vm" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 549 Example 18.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) The transformer secondary voltage = 46.00 V\n", + " Maximum value of secondary voltage, Vm = 65.05 V\n", + " Therefore, d.c. output voltage, Vd.c. = Vm / pi = 20.69 V\n", + "(b) PIV of a diode = Vm = 65 V\n", + "(c) Maximum value of load current, Im= Vm / RL = 0.22 A\n", + " Therefore, maximum value of power delivered to the load,\n", + " Pm = Im**2 * RL = 14.13 W\n", + "(d) The average value of load current, Id.c.(A) = Vdc / RL = 0.07 A\n", + " Therefore, average value of power delivered to the load,\n", + " Pd.c. = (Idc)**2 * RL = 1.43 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "x1=230./5 # in V\n", + "vm=sqrt(2) * 46 # in V\n", + "vdc=65./pi # in V\n", + "im=65./300 # in A\n", + "pm=0.217**2 * 300 # in W\n", + "idc=20.7/300 # in A\n", + "pdc=(0.069**2)*300 # in W\n", + "print \"(a) The transformer secondary voltage = %0.2f V\"%x1\n", + "print \" Maximum value of secondary voltage, Vm = %0.2f V\"%vm\n", + "print \" Therefore, d.c. output voltage, Vd.c. = Vm / pi = %0.2f V\"%vdc\n", + "print \"(b) PIV of a diode = Vm = 65 V\"\n", + "print \"(c) Maximum value of load current, Im= Vm / RL = %0.2f A\"%im\n", + "print \" Therefore, maximum value of power delivered to the load,\"\n", + "print \" Pm = Im**2 * RL = %0.2f W\"%pm\n", + "print \"(d) The average value of load current, Id.c.(A) = Vdc / RL = %0.2f A\"%idc\n", + "print \" Therefore, average value of power delivered to the load,\"\n", + "print \" Pd.c. = (Idc)**2 * RL = %0.2f W\"%pdc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 550 Example 18.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The voltage across the two ends of secondary(in V) = 230 / 5 = 46.00 V\n", + "Voltage from center tapping to one end, Vrms = 23.00 V\n", + "(a) d.c. voltage across the load, Vdc = 2Vm / pi = 20.71 V\n", + "(b) d.c. current flowing through the load,\n", + " Idc = Vdc / (rs+rf+RL) = 20.70 mA\n", + "(c) d.c. power delivered to the load,\n", + " Pdc = (Idc)**2 * RL = 0.39 W\n", + "(d) PIV across each diode = 2Vm = 65.05 W\n", + "(e) Ripple voltage, Vr,rms = sqrt(Vrms**2 - Vdc**2) = 10.03 V\n", + " Frequency of ripple voltage = 120.00 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "x1=230./5 # in V\n", + "vrms=46./2 # in V\n", + "vdc=(2.*23*sqrt(2))/pi # in V\n", + "idc=(20.7/1000)*10**3 # in mA\n", + "pdc=((20.7*10**-3)**2)*900 # in W\n", + "piv=2*23*sqrt(2) # in V\n", + "vrrms=sqrt(23**2 - 20.7**2) # in V\n", + "f=2*60 # in Hz\n", + "print \"The voltage across the two ends of secondary(in V) = 230 / 5 = %0.2f V\"%x1\n", + "print \"Voltage from center tapping to one end, Vrms = %0.2f V\"%vrms\n", + "print \"(a) d.c. voltage across the load, Vdc = 2Vm / pi = %0.2f V\"% vdc\n", + "print \"(b) d.c. current flowing through the load,\"\n", + "print \" Idc = Vdc / (rs+rf+RL) = %0.2f mA\"%idc\n", + "print \"(c) d.c. power delivered to the load,\"\n", + "print \" Pdc = (Idc)**2 * RL = %0.2f W\"%pdc\n", + "print \"(d) PIV across each diode = 2Vm = %0.2f W\"%piv\n", + "print \"(e) Ripple voltage, Vr,rms = sqrt(Vrms**2 - Vdc**2) = %0.2f V\"%vrrms\n", + "print \" Frequency of ripple voltage = %0.2f Hz\"%f" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 552 Example 18.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Therefore, Imax = 320.00 mA\n", + "The maximum value of the secondary voltage,\n", + " Vm = 141.42 V\n", + "Therefore, the value of load resistor that gives the largest d.c. power output\n", + " RL = Vm / Imax = 441.88 ohm\n", + "(b) D.C.(load) voltage, Vdc(V) = (2*141.4)/pi = 90.02 V\n", + " D.C. load current, Idc = Vdc / RL = 0.20 A\n", + "(c) PIV of each diode = 2Vm = 282.8 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "imax=0.8*400 # in mA\n", + "print \"Therefore, Imax = %0.2f mA\"%imax \n", + "print \"The maximum value of the secondary voltage,\"\n", + "vm=sqrt(2)*100 # in V\n", + "print \" Vm = %0.2f V\"%vm\n", + "print \"Therefore, the value of load resistor that gives the largest d.c. power output\"\n", + "RL=141.4/(320*10**-3)\n", + "print \" RL = Vm / Imax = %0.2f ohm\"%RL\n", + "vdc=(2*141.4)/pi\n", + "print \"(b) D.C.(load) voltage, Vdc(V) = (2*141.4)/pi = %0.2f V\"%vdc\n", + "idc=90./442\n", + "print \" D.C. load current, Idc = Vdc / RL = %0.2f A\"%idc\n", + "print \"(c) PIV of each diode = 2Vm = 282.8 V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 553 Example 18.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "D.C. power delivered to the load,\n", + " Pdc = Vdc**2 / RL\n", + "Therefore, Vdc = sqrt(Pdc*RL) = 100.00 V\n", + "The ripple factor, gamma = Vac / Vdc\n", + "i.e. 0.01 = Vac / 100\n", + "Therefore, the ac ripple voltage across the load, Vac = 1 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "print \"D.C. power delivered to the load,\"\n", + "print \" Pdc = Vdc**2 / RL\"\n", + "vdc=sqrt(50.*200)\n", + "print \"Therefore, Vdc = sqrt(Pdc*RL) = %0.2f V\"%vdc\n", + "print \"The ripple factor, gamma = Vac / Vdc\"\n", + "print \"i.e. 0.01 = Vac / 100\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, the ac ripple voltage across the load, Vac = 1 V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 554 Example 18.7. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) The rms value of the transformer secondary voltage,\n", + " Vrms = 57.50 V\n", + " The maximum value of the secondary voltage\n", + " Vm = 81.32 V Therefore, d.c. output voltage, Vdc = 2Vm / pi = 51.76 V\n", + "(b) D.C. power delivered to the load,\n", + " Pd.c. = (Vdc)**2 / RL = 2.70 W\n", + "(c) PIV across each diode = Vm = 81.3 V\n", + "(d) Output frequency = 2 x 50 = 100 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "Vrms=230./4 # in V\n", + "vm=sqrt(2)*57.5 # in V\n", + "vdc=(2*81.3)/pi # in V\n", + "pdc=52.**2/1000 # in W\n", + "print \"(a) The rms value of the transformer secondary voltage,\"\n", + "print \" Vrms = %0.2f V\"%Vrms\n", + "print \" The maximum value of the secondary voltage\"\n", + "print \" Vm = %0.2f V\"%vm,\n", + "print \"Therefore, d.c. output voltage, Vdc = 2Vm / pi = %0.2f V\"%vdc\n", + "print \"(b) D.C. power delivered to the load,\"\n", + "print \" Pd.c. = (Vdc)**2 / RL = %0.2f W\"%pdc\n", + "print \"(c) PIV across each diode = Vm = 81.3 V\"\n", + "print \"(d) Output frequency = 2 x 50 = 100 Hz\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 556 Example 18.8." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that the ripple factor for inductor filter is gamma = RL / 3*sqrt(2)*omega*L\n", + "Therefore, L = 1.56 Henry\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "L=0.0625/0.04 # in H\n", + "print \"We know that the ripple factor for inductor filter is gamma = RL / 3*sqrt(2)*omega*L\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, L = %0.2f Henry\"%L" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 558 Example 18.9." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that the ripple factor for capacitor filter is\n", + " gamma = 1 / 4*sqrt(3)*f*C*RL\n", + "Therefore, C = 72.20 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"We know that the ripple factor for capacitor filter is\"\n", + "print \" gamma = 1 / 4*sqrt(3)*f*C*RL\"\n", + "c=(0.722)/0.01 # in pF\n", + "print \"Therefore, C = %0.2f pF\"%c" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 560 Example 18.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The effective load resistance RL = 50.00 ohm\n", + "We know that the ripple factor, gamma = 1.194 / LC\n", + "i.e. LC = 59.70 \n", + "Critical value of L(mH) = RL / 3*omega = 50 / 3*2*pi*f = 53mH\n", + "Taking L = 60 mH (about 20% higher), C will be about 1000 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rl=10./(200*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "lc=1.194/0.02 \n", + "print \"The effective load resistance RL = %0.2f ohm\"%rl\n", + "print \"We know that the ripple factor, gamma = 1.194 / LC\"\n", + "print \"i.e. LC = %0.2f \"%lc\n", + "print \"Critical value of L(mH) = RL / 3*omega = 50 / 3*2*pi*f = 53mH\"\n", + "print \"Taking L = 60 mH (about 20% higher), C will be about 1000 uF\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 561 Example 18.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " RL = 50.00 ohm\n", + " 0.02 = 5700 / L*C1*C2*50 = 114 / L*C1*C2\n", + "If we assume L = 10 mH and C1 = C2 = C, we have\n", + " 0.02 = 114 / L*C**2 = 11.4 / C**2\n", + " C**2 = 570.00 \n", + "therefore, C = 23.87 uF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "rl=(10./(200*10**-3)) # in ohm\n", + "c2=11.4/0.02\n", + "c=sqrt(570.) # in uF\n", + "print \" RL = %0.2f ohm\"%rl\n", + "print \" 0.02 = 5700 / L*C1*C2*50 = 114 / L*C1*C2\"\n", + "print \"If we assume L = 10 mH and C1 = C2 = C, we have\"\n", + "print \" 0.02 = 114 / L*C**2 = 11.4 / C**2\"\n", + "print \" C**2 = %0.2f \"%c2\n", + "print \"therefore, C = %0.2f uF\"%c" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 562 Example 18.12." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " Pz = Vz * Iz_max = 0.40 W\n", + "Hence a 0.5Z 10 zener can be selected\n", + "Value of load resistance, RL\n", + " RL_min = Vo / IL_max = 200.00 ohm\n", + " RL_max = Vo / IL_min = 333.33 ohm\n", + "Value of input resistance, R\n", + " Rmax = Vin(max)-Vo / ILmin+IZmax = 285.71 ohm\n", + "142.857142857 Rmax(ohm) = Vin(min)-Vo / ILmax+IZmin =\n", + " R = Rmax+Rmin / 2 = 214.50 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "pz=10.*40*10**-3 # in W\n", + "print \" Pz = Vz * Iz_max = %0.2f W\"%pz\n", + "print \"Hence a 0.5Z 10 zener can be selected\"\n", + "print \"Value of load resistance, RL\"\n", + "rlmin=10./(50*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" RL_min = Vo / IL_max = %0.2f ohm\"%rlmin\n", + "rlmax=10./(30*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" RL_max = Vo / IL_min = %0.2f ohm\"%rlmax\n", + "print \"Value of input resistance, R\"\n", + "rmax=(30.-10)/((30+40)*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" Rmax = Vin(max)-Vo / ILmin+IZmax = %0.2f ohm\"%rmax\n", + "rmin=(20.-10)/((50+20)*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print rmin,\" Rmax(ohm) = Vin(min)-Vo / ILmax+IZmin =\"\n", + "r=(286+143.)/2\n", + "print \" R = Rmax+Rmin / 2 = %0.2f ohm\"%r # answer in textbook is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 563 Example 18.13." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " RL = Vo / IL = 250.00 ohm\n", + "Hence, the series resistance R(ohm) = Vi(min)-Vo / IZ(min)+IL = 120.00 ohm\n", + "The various values are given in the Zener regulator shown in Fig. 18.19\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rl=5./(20*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" RL = Vo / IL = %0.2f ohm\"%rl\n", + "r=(8.-5)/((5.+20)*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \"Hence, the series resistance R(ohm) = Vi(min)-Vo / IZ(min)+IL = %0.2f ohm\"%r\n", + "print \"The various values are given in the Zener regulator shown in Fig. 18.19\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 564 Example 18.14." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) Let IZ = IZ(min) and IL = 0\n", + " The total current I = IL + IZ = 10 mA\n", + " Therefore, R = 1000.00 ohm\n", + "(ii) For IZ = IZ(max) = 100 mA and IL = 20 mA\n", + " I = IL + IZ = 120.00 mA\n", + " Therefore, R = 83.33 ohm\n", + "(iii) The range of R varies from 83.33 ohm to 1000 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"(i) Let IZ = IZ(min) and IL = 0\"\n", + "print \" The total current I = IL + IZ = 10 mA\"\n", + "r=10./(10*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" Therefore, R = %0.2f ohm\"%r\n", + "print \"(ii) For IZ = IZ(max) = 100 mA and IL = 20 mA\"\n", + "i=20+100. # in mA\n", + "print \" I = IL + IZ = %0.2f mA\"%i\n", + "r=10./(120*10**-3)\n", + "print \" Therefore, R = %0.2f ohm\"%r\n", + "print \"(iii) The range of R varies from 83.33 ohm to 1000 ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 565 Example 18.15." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Here, load resistance is RL = Vo / IL = 500.00 ohm\n", + "Maximum Zener Current Iz_max = 80.00 mA\n", + "The minimum input voltage required will be when Iz = 0. Under this condition,\n", + " I = IL = 10 mA\n", + "Minimum input voltage Vi_min = Vo + IR\n", + "Hence, Vi_min = 8.00 V\n", + "or 8 = 5 + (10*10**-3)R\n", + "Therefore, Rmax = 300.00 ohm\n", + "Now, maximum input voltage, Vi_max = 5 + [(80+10)10**-3]R\n", + " Rmin = 77.78 ohm\n", + "The value of R is chosen between 77.77 ohm and 300 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rl=5./(10*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \"Here, load resistance is RL = Vo / IL = %0.2f ohm\"%rl\n", + "iz=400./5 # in mA\n", + "print \"Maximum Zener Current Iz_max = %0.2f mA\"%iz\n", + "print \"The minimum input voltage required will be when Iz = 0. Under this condition,\"\n", + "print \" I = IL = 10 mA\"\n", + "print \"Minimum input voltage Vi_min = Vo + IR\"\n", + "vi=10.-2 # in V\n", + "print \"Hence, Vi_min = %0.2f V\"%vi\n", + "print \"or 8 = 5 + (10*10**-3)R\"\n", + "rmax=3./(10*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \"Therefore, Rmax = %0.2f ohm\"%rmax\n", + "print \"Now, maximum input voltage, Vi_max = 5 + [(80+10)10**-3]R\"\n", + "rmin=7./(90*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" Rmin = %0.2f ohm\"%rmin\n", + "print \"The value of R is chosen between 77.77 ohm and 300 ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 566 Example 18.16." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The load current, IL( = Vo / RL = 20.00 mA\n", + "Max. Zener current, Iz_max = 25.00 mA\n", + " Rmax(ohm) = Vi-Vo / IL_min+IZ_max = 177.78 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "il=(24./1200)*10**3 # in mA\n", + "print \"The load current, IL( = Vo / RL = %0.2f mA\"%il\n", + "iz=600./24 # in mA\n", + "print \"Max. Zener current, Iz_max = %0.2f mA\"%iz\n", + "rmax=(32.-24)/((20+25)*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" Rmax(ohm) = Vi-Vo / IL_min+IZ_max = %0.2f ohm\"%rmax" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 567 Example 18.17." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Refer to fig.18.24. We know that\n", + " Vi_min(V) = Vo + 3V = 18.00 V\n", + "Assuming the ripple voltage Vr = 2V(max), the input voltage is\n", + " Vi = Vi(min) + Vr/2 = 19.00 V\n", + "Then Vz = Vi /2 = 9.50 V (use the zener diode 1N758 for 10V)\n", + "Therefore, Vz = 10 V\n", + " Iz = 20 mA\n", + " R1 = Vi-Vz / Iz = 450.00 ohm\n", + "Let I2 = IB(max) = 50 uA\n", + " R2 = Vo-Vz / I2 = 100.00 kohm\n", + " R3 = Vz / I2 = 200.00 kohm\n", + "Select C1 = 50 uF\n", + "Specification of transistor Q1\n", + " VCE_max = Vi_max(V) = Vi + Vr/2 = 20.00 V\n", + " IE = IL = 50 mA\n", + " P = VCE*IL = (Vi-Vo) * IL = 200.00 mW\n", + "Use the transistor 2N718 for Q1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "vi=15.+3 # in V\n", + "print \"Refer to fig.18.24. We know that\"\n", + "print \" Vi_min(V) = Vo + 3V = %0.2f V\"%vi\n", + "vi=18.+1 # in V\n", + "print \"Assuming the ripple voltage Vr = 2V(max), the input voltage is\"\n", + "print \" Vi = Vi(min) + Vr/2 = %0.2f V\"%vi\n", + "vz=19./2 # in V\n", + "print \"Then Vz = Vi /2 = %0.2f V (use the zener diode 1N758 for 10V)\"%vz\n", + "print \"Therefore, Vz = 10 V\"\n", + "print \" Iz = 20 mA\"\n", + "r1=(19.-10)/(20*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" R1 = Vi-Vz / Iz = %0.2f ohm\"%r1\n", + "print \"Let I2 = IB(max) = 50 uA\"\n", + "r2=((15.-10)/(50*10**-6))*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" R2 = Vo-Vz / I2 = %0.2f kohm\"%r2\n", + "r3=(10./(50*10**-6))*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" R3 = Vz / I2 = %0.2f kohm\"%r3\n", + "print \"Select C1 = 50 uF\"\n", + "print \"Specification of transistor Q1\"\n", + "vce=19.+1 # in V\n", + "print \" VCE_max = Vi_max(V) = Vi + Vr/2 = %0.2f V\"%vce\n", + "print \" IE = IL = 50 mA\"\n", + "p=((19.-15)*50) # in mW\n", + "print \" P = VCE*IL = (Vi-Vo) * IL = %0.2f mW\"%p\n", + "print \"Use the transistor 2N718 for Q1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 568 Example 18.18." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Selection of Zener diode\n", + " RLmin = Vo / ILmax = 400.00 ohm\n", + " Vz = Vo / 2 = 10.00 V\n", + "The current flowing through the Zener,\n", + " Iz = IE2 + IR1 = 20.00 mA\n", + " Pz = Vz*Iz = 0.20 W\n", + "Selection of transistor Q1\n", + " IE1 = IR1 + IR2 + IL = 70.00 mA\n", + " Vi(max) - Vo = 30 -20 = 10 V\n", + "For transistor SL100, the rating are\n", + " IC(max) = 500 mA\n", + " VCE(max) = 50 V\n", + " hre = 50 - 280\n", + "Hence, SL100 can be chosen for Q1\n", + "\n", + "Selection of transistor Q2\n", + " Therefore, VCE2_max = (Vo + VBE1) - Vz = 10.60 V\n", + "For transistor BC107, the rating are\n", + " VCEO(max) = 45 V\n", + " IC(max) = 200 mA\n", + " hFE = 125 - 300\n", + "Hence, transistor BC107 is selected for Q2\n", + "Selection of resistor R1, R2 and R3\n", + " VR1 = Vo - Vz = 10.00 V\n", + " R1 = VR1 / IR1 = 1.00 kohm\n", + " VR2 = Vo - VR3 = 9.40 V\n", + " R2 = VR2 / IR2 = 940.00 ohm\n", + " VR3 = Vz + VBE2(sat) = 10.60 V\n", + " R3 = VR3 / IR3 = 1060.00 ohm\n", + "Selection of resistor R4\n", + " VB1 = VC2(V) = Vo + VBE1 = 20.60 V\n", + " IB1 = IC1 / beta = 1.40 mA\n", + " IR4 = IB1 + IC2 = 11.40 mA\n", + " R4_max = VR4(max) / IR4 = Vi(max)-VB1 / IR4 = 824.56 ohm\n", + " R4_min = VR4(min) / IR4 = Vi(min)-VB1 / IR4 = 122.81 ohm\n", + " R4 = R4(max)+R4(min) / 2 = 474.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rlmin=20./(50*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \"Selection of Zener diode\"\n", + "print \" RLmin = Vo / ILmax = %0.2f ohm\"%rlmin\n", + "vz=20./2 # in V\n", + "print \" Vz = Vo / 2 = %0.2f V\"%vz\n", + "print \"The current flowing through the Zener,\"\n", + "iz=10.+10 # in mA\n", + "print \" Iz = IE2 + IR1 = %0.2f mA\"%iz\n", + "pz=10.*20*10**-3 # in W\n", + "print \" Pz = Vz*Iz = %0.2f W\"%pz # > 0.5 W\n", + "print \"Selection of transistor Q1\"\n", + "ie1=10.+10+50 # in mA\n", + "print \" IE1 = IR1 + IR2 + IL = %0.2f mA\"%ie1\n", + "print \" Vi(max) - Vo = 30 -20 = 10 V\"\n", + "print \"For transistor SL100, the rating are\"\n", + "print \" IC(max) = 500 mA\"\n", + "print \" VCE(max) = 50 V\"\n", + "print \" hre = 50 - 280\"\n", + "print \"Hence, SL100 can be chosen for Q1\"\n", + "print \"\"\n", + "print \"Selection of transistor Q2\"\n", + "vce2=20.6-10 # in V\n", + "print \" Therefore, VCE2_max = (Vo + VBE1) - Vz = %0.2f V\"%vce2\n", + "print \"For transistor BC107, the rating are\"\n", + "print \" VCEO(max) = 45 V\"\n", + "print \" IC(max) = 200 mA\"\n", + "print \" hFE = 125 - 300\"\n", + "print \"Hence, transistor BC107 is selected for Q2\"\n", + "print \"Selection of resistor R1, R2 and R3\"\n", + "vr1=20-10. # in V\n", + "print \" VR1 = Vo - Vz = %0.2f V\"%vr1\n", + "r1=10./(10) # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" R1 = VR1 / IR1 = %0.2f kohm\"%r1\n", + "vr2=20.-10.6 # in V\n", + "print \" VR2 = Vo - VR3 = %0.2f V\"%vr2\n", + "r2=9.4/(10*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" R2 = VR2 / IR2 = %0.2f ohm\"%r2\n", + "vr3=10+0.6 # in V\n", + "print \" VR3 = Vz + VBE2(sat) = %0.2f V\"%vr3\n", + "r3=10.6/(10*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" R3 = VR3 / IR3 = %0.2f ohm\"%r3\n", + "print \"Selection of resistor R4\"\n", + "vb1=20+0.6 # in V\n", + "print \" VB1 = VC2(V) = Vo + VBE1 = %0.2f V\"%vb1\n", + "ib1=70./50 # in mA\n", + "print \" IB1 = IC1 / beta = %0.2f mA\"%ib1\n", + "ir4=11.4 # in mA\n", + "print \" IR4 = IB1 + IC2 = %0.2f mA\"%ir4\n", + "r4max=(30-20.6)/(11.4*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" R4_max = VR4(max) / IR4 = Vi(max)-VB1 / IR4 = %0.2f ohm\"%r4max\n", + "r4min=(22-20.6)/(11.4*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" R4_min = VR4(min) / IR4 = Vi(min)-VB1 / IR4 = %0.2f ohm\"%r4min\n", + "r4=(825.+123)/2 # in ohm\n", + "print \" R4 = R4(max)+R4(min) / 2 = %0.2f ohm\"%r4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 569 Example 18.19." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "A bridge rectifier or full wave rectifier is used to get the pulsating d.c. output.\n", + " RL = Vdc / TL = 90.00 ohm\n", + "A capacitor filter is used to remove the ripple and get a smooth output.\n", + " Ripple factor gamma = 1 / 4*sqrt(3)*f*C*RL\n", + "Assume the ripple factor to be 0.03\n", + " C = 1069.17 uF\n", + "The short circuit resistance Rsc connected with the series pass transistor is\n", + " Rsc = VBE / Ilim_it = 4.67 ohm\n", + "Assume 7.6 V Zener diode in series with 1.5 k-ohm\n", + "The designed circuit is shown in fig.18.32.\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "print \"A bridge rectifier or full wave rectifier is used to get the pulsating d.c. output.\"\n", + "rl=9./(100*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" RL = Vdc / TL = %0.2f ohm\"%rl\n", + "print \"A capacitor filter is used to remove the ripple and get a smooth output.\"\n", + "print \" Ripple factor gamma = 1 / 4*sqrt(3)*f*C*RL\"\n", + "print \"Assume the ripple factor to be 0.03\"\n", + "c=(1./(4*sqrt(3)*50*0.03*90))*10**6 # in uF\n", + "print \" C = %0.2f uF\"%c # = 1000 uF\n", + "print \"The short circuit resistance Rsc connected with the series pass transistor is\"\n", + "rsc=0.7/(150*10**-3) # in ohm\n", + "print \" Rsc = VBE / Ilim_it = %0.2f ohm\"%rsc\n", + "print \"Assume 7.6 V Zener diode in series with 1.5 k-ohm\"\n", + "print \"The designed circuit is shown in fig.18.32.\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch1_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch1_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..01e7a07d --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch1_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-1 : Physical properties of elements" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No.4 Example 1.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "r1=0.53 (A.U)\n", + "r2=2.12 (meters)\n", + "r3=4.77 (meters)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "epsilon=8.854*10**-12\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34 #planck's constant\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "for n in [1]:\n", + " r1=(epsilon*(h**2)*(n**2))/(pi*m*(q**2)) #radius of 1st orbit for hydrogen\n", + " x1=r1*10**10 # in A.U\n", + " print \"r1=%0.2f (A.U)\"%x1\n", + "\n", + "for n in [2]:\n", + " r2=(epsilon*(h**2)*(n**2))/(pi*m*(q**2)) #radius of 2st orbit for hydrogen\n", + " x2=r2*10**10 # in A.U\n", + " print \"r2=%0.2f (meters)\"%x2\n", + "\n", + "for n in [3]:\n", + " r3=(epsilon*(h**2)*(n**2))/(pi*m*(q**2)) #radius of 3st orbit for hydrogen\n", + " x3=r3*10**10 # in A.U\n", + " print \"r3=%0.2f (meters)\"%x3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 6 Example 1.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Wavelenth of the emitted photon is =920.97 (Armstrong)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "E1=-13.6# #energy of 10th state\n", + "E10=-13.6/10**2# #enery in the ground state\n", + "lamda=12400/(E10-E1)# #wavelength of emitted photon\n", + "print \"Wavelenth of the emitted photon is =%0.2f (Armstrong)\"%lamda" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 6 Example 1.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "the wavelength limit = 12400 / Einfinity-E2 =3647.06 (A.U)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "Einfinity=0 #energy of electron at infinite orbit\n", + "E2=-13.6/2**2 #energy of electron at second orbit\n", + "wavelength=12400/(Einfinity-E2) #wavelength limit\n", + "print \"the wavelength limit = 12400 / Einfinity-E2 =%0.2f (A.U)\"%wavelength" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch20_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch20_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1b955eb --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch20_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,322 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-20 : Operational Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 620 Example 20.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " CMRR = Ad / Acm = 10**5\n", + " Therefore, the common-mode gain, Acm = Ad / CMRR =1.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \" CMRR = Ad / Acm = 10**5\"\n", + "acm=(1.0*10**5)/(10**5)\n", + "print \" Therefore, the common-mode gain, Acm = Ad / CMRR =%0.2f\"%acm" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 620 Example 20.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " The slew rate, SR = dVo / dt\n", + " SR =5.00 V/us\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "sr=20./(4) # in V/us\n", + "print \" The slew rate, SR = dVo / dt\"\n", + "print \" SR =%0.2f V/us\"%sr" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 621 Example 20.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The 741C has typical slew rate of 0.5 V/us. Using Eq.(20.8), the slew rate is,\n", + " SR = 2*pi*f*Vm / 10**6 = 0.5 V/us\n", + "The maximum output voltage, Vm = A*Vid =1.00 V\n", + "The maximum frequency of the input for which undistorted output is obtained is given by,\n", + " fmax = SR*10**6 / 2*pi*Vm =79.58\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi\n", + "print \"The 741C has typical slew rate of 0.5 V/us. Using Eq.(20.8), the slew rate is,\"\n", + "print \" SR = 2*pi*f*Vm / 10**6 = 0.5 V/us\"\n", + "vm=50.*(20*10**-3) # in volts\n", + "print \"The maximum output voltage, Vm = A*Vid =%0.2f V\"%vm\n", + "print \"The maximum frequency of the input for which undistorted output is obtained is given by,\"\n", + "f=(0.5*10**6)/(2*pi*1) # in kHz\n", + "x1=f*10**-3\n", + "print \" fmax = SR*10**6 / 2*pi*Vm =%0.2f\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 622 Example 20.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The 741C has typical slew rate of 0.5 V/us. Using Eq.(20.8), the slew rate is,\n", + " SR = 2*pi*f*Vm / 10**6 = 0.5 V/us\n", + "The maximum output voltage, Vm(V peak-to-peak) = SR*10**6 / 2*pi*f =1.99 = 3.98 V peak-to-peak\n", + "The maximum peak-to-peak input voltage for undistorted output is,\n", + " Vid(V peak-to-peak) = Vm/A = 0.40\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "print \"The 741C has typical slew rate of 0.5 V/us. Using Eq.(20.8), the slew rate is,\"\n", + "print \" SR = 2*pi*f*Vm / 10**6 = 0.5 V/us\"\n", + "vm=(0.5*10**6)/(2*pi*(40*10**3)) # in volts\n", + "print \"The maximum output voltage, Vm(V peak-to-peak) = SR*10**6 / 2*pi*f =%0.2f\"%vm,\" = 3.98 V peak-to-peak\"\n", + "print \"The maximum peak-to-peak input voltage for undistorted output is,\"\n", + "vid=3.98/10 # in volts\n", + "print \" Vid(V peak-to-peak) = Vm/A = %0.2f\"%vid" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 623 Example 20.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " The closed-loop voltage gain Af = -RF / R1 =-10.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "af=-10./1\n", + "print \" The closed-loop voltage gain Af = -RF / R1 =%0.2f\"%af" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 624 Example 20.6. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " The closed-loop voltage gain, AF = 1 + RF/R1 =11.00\n", + " The feedback factor, beta = R1 / R1+RF =0.09\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "af=1.+(10./1)\n", + "print \" The closed-loop voltage gain, AF = 1 + RF/R1 =%0.2f\"%af\n", + "beta=1/(1+10.)\n", + "print \" The feedback factor, beta = R1 / R1+RF =%0.2f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 625 Example 20.7." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The output voltage is given by,\n", + " Vo = -Rf/R * (V1+V2+...+Vn) =-9.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "v=-(2+3+4) # in volts\n", + "print \"The output voltage is given by,\"\n", + "print \" Vo = -Rf/R * (V1+V2+...+Vn) =%0.2f V\"%v" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 626 Example 20.8." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "1. Given: fL = 1 kHz\n", + "2. Since R and C values are not given, let assume C = 0.01 uF\n", + "3. Therefore, R(k-ohm) = 1 / 2*pi*fL*C =15.92 kohm\n", + "4. Given pass band gain A = 1 + Rf/Ri = 2 i.e. the value of Rf = Ri\n", + "Let Rf = Ri = 10 k-ohm. The high pass circuit values are shown in Fig.20.31\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "print \"1. Given: fL = 1 kHz\"\n", + "print \"2. Since R and C values are not given, let assume C = 0.01 uF\"\n", + "r=1/(2*pi*(10**3)*(0.01*10**-6))\n", + "x1=r*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \"3. Therefore, R(k-ohm) = 1 / 2*pi*fL*C =%0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "print \"4. Given pass band gain A = 1 + Rf/Ri = 2 i.e. the value of Rf = Ri\"\n", + "print \"Let Rf = Ri = 10 k-ohm. The high pass circuit values are shown in Fig.20.31\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 627 Example 20.9." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(b) With C = 0.01 uF, R = 0.5*10**-3/0.01*10**-6 =50.00 kohm\n", + "(c) Maximum value of differential input voltage is\n", + " 2*Vsat*(R2 / R1+R2) =0.00\n", + "Therefore, the peak values for the differential input voltage just exceed +-2 x 6.48 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "r=(0.5)/0.01 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \"(b) With C = 0.01 uF, R = 0.5*10**-3/0.01*10**-6 =%0.2f kohm\"%r\n", + "print \"(c) Maximum value of differential input voltage is\"\n", + "x=2.*14*(100/(100+116))\n", + "print \" 2*Vsat*(R2 / R1+R2) =%0.2f\"%x\n", + "print \"Therefore, the peak values for the differential input voltage just exceed +-2 x 6.48 V\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch21_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch21_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50d5965c --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch21_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-21 : Transducers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 632 Example 21.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The electron mobility, un = sigma*RH =2000.00 cm**2/V-s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "u=10.*200 # in cm**2/V-s\n", + "print \"The electron mobility, un = sigma*RH =%0.2f cm**2/V-s\"%u" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 633 Example 21.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that the electron mobilty, un = sigma/nq\n", + "Therefore, the electron concentration,\n", + " n = sigma / uq =1.25e+22 m**-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "n=10./((50*10**-4)*(1.6*10**-19)) # m**-3\n", + "print \"We know that the electron mobilty, un = sigma/nq\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, the electron concentration,\"\n", + "print \" n = sigma / uq =%0.2e m**-3\"%n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 634 Example 21.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that the number of conduction electrons, i.e. electron density,\n", + " n = B*I/VH*q*w =5.00e+21 m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "n=(1.2*20)/(60*(1.6*10**-19)*(0.5*10**-3)) # in m**3\n", + "print \"We know that the number of conduction electrons, i.e. electron density,\"\n", + "print \" n = B*I/VH*q*w =%0.2e m**3\"%n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch24_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch24_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ce7b87dc --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch24_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,293 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-24 : Digital Circuits" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 645 Example 24.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The procedure is as follows.\n", + "12 divided by 8 = quotient 1 with a remainder of 4\n", + "1 divided by 8 = quotient 0 with a remainder of 1\n", + "Therefore, decimal 12 = octal 14\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#convert decimal 12 to an octal number\n", + "def base10toN(num, base):\n", + " \"\"\"Change ``num'' to given base\n", + " Upto base 36 is supported.\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + " converted_string, modstring = \"\", \"\"\n", + " currentnum = num\n", + " if not 1 < base < 37:\n", + " raise ValueError(\"base must be between 2 and 36\")\n", + " if not num:\n", + " return '0'\n", + " while currentnum:\n", + " mod = currentnum % base\n", + " currentnum = currentnum // base\n", + " converted_string = chr(48 + mod + 7*(mod > 10)) + converted_string\n", + " return converted_string\n", + "\n", + "o=base10toN(12,8)\n", + "print \"The procedure is as follows.\"\n", + "print \"12 divided by 8 = quotient 1 with a remainder of 4\"\n", + "print \"1 divided by 8 = quotient 0 with a remainder of 1\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, decimal 12 = octal\",o" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 646 Example 24.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) octal 144 = decimal 100\n", + "(ii) octal 237 = decimal 159\n", + "(iii) octal 120 = decimal 80\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# convert octal number to decimal.\n", + "d=int('144',8)\n", + "print \"(i) octal 144 = decimal\",d\n", + "d1=int(\"237\",8)\n", + "print \"(ii) octal 237 = decimal\",d1\n", + "d2=int('120',8)\n", + "print \"(iii) octal 120 = decimal\",d2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 647 Example 24.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The procedure is as follows,\n", + "(i) 112 divided by 16 = quotient 7 with a remainder of 0\n", + " 7 divided by 16 = quotient 0 with a remainder of 7\n", + "decimal 112 = hex 70\n", + "(ii) 253 divided by 16 = quotient 7 with a remainder of 13 i.e. D\n", + " 15 divided by 16 = quotient 0 with a remainder of 15 i.e. F\n", + "decimal 253 = hex FD\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#convert decimal to hexadecimal number\n", + "def base10toN(num, base):\n", + " \"\"\"Change ``num'' to given base\n", + " Upto base 36 is supported.\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + " converted_string, modstring = \"\", \"\"\n", + " currentnum = num\n", + " if not 1 < base < 37:\n", + " raise ValueError(\"base must be between 2 and 36\")\n", + " if not num:\n", + " return '0'\n", + " while currentnum:\n", + " mod = currentnum % base\n", + " currentnum = currentnum // base\n", + " converted_string = chr(48 + mod + 7*(mod > 10)) + converted_string\n", + " return converted_string\n", + "\n", + "h=base10toN(112,16)\n", + "print \"The procedure is as follows,\"\n", + "print \"(i) 112 divided by 16 = quotient 7 with a remainder of 0\"\n", + "print \" 7 divided by 16 = quotient 0 with a remainder of 7\"\n", + "print \"decimal 112 = hex\",h\n", + "print \"(ii) 253 divided by 16 = quotient 7 with a remainder of 13 i.e. D\"\n", + "print \" 15 divided by 16 = quotient 0 with a remainder of 15 i.e. F\"\n", + "h=base10toN(253,16)\n", + "print \"decimal 253 = hex\",h" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 648 Example 24.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) hex 4AB = decimal 1195.0\n", + "(ii) hex 23F = decimal 575.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#convert hexadecimal number to decimal\n", + "h=float.fromhex('4AB')\n", + "print \"(i) hex 4AB = decimal\",h\n", + "h=float.fromhex('23F')\n", + "print \"(ii) hex 23F = decimal\",h" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 650 Example 24.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) 1101 x 1100 = 10011100\n", + "(ii) 1000 x 101 = 101000\n", + "(iii) 1111 x 1001 = 10000111\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# multiply binary numbers\n", + "h=int('1101',2)\n", + "o=int('1100',2)\n", + "p=h*o\n", + "z=bin(p)[2:]\n", + "print \"(i) 1101 x 1100 =\",z\n", + "h=int('1000',2)\n", + "o=int('101',2)\n", + "p=h*o\n", + "z=bin(p)[2:]\n", + "print \"(ii) 1000 x 101 =\",z\n", + "h=int('1111',2)\n", + "o=int('1001',2)\n", + "p=h*o\n", + "z=bin(p)[2:]\n", + "print \"(iii) 1111 x 1001 =\",z" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 651 Example 24.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) 110 / 10\n", + " = binary 11\n", + " = decimal 3\n", + "(ii) 1111 / 110\n", + " = binary 10\n", + " = decimal) 2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# perform the binary divisions\n", + "\n", + "x=int('110',2)\n", + "x1=int('10',2)\n", + "x2=x/x1\n", + "x3=bin(x2)[2:]\n", + "print \"(i) 110 / 10\"\n", + "print \" = binary\",x3\n", + "print \" = decimal\",x2\n", + "x=int('1111',2)\n", + "x1=int('110',2)\n", + "x2=x/x1\n", + "x3=bin(x2)[2:]\n", + "print \"(ii) 1111 / 110\"\n", + "print \" = binary\",x3\n", + "print \" = decimal)\",x2" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch3_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch3_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..adbb80a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch3_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,691 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-3 : Electron Ballistics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.1 : Page 48" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Speed of the electron, v =sqrt(2*q*V/m) = 4.19e+07 m/s\n", + "The kinetic energy = q x V = 5000 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of electron\n", + "V=5000 #potential difference\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron\n", + "v=sqrt(2*q*V/m) #speed of electron\n", + "print \"Speed of the electron, v =sqrt(2*q*V/m) = %0.2e m/s\"% v\n", + "ke=(q*V)/(1.6*10**-9) #kinetic energyin eV\n", + "x1=ke*10**10\n", + "print \"The kinetic energy = q x V = %0.f eV\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.2 Page 48" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Mass of the charged particle = 1000 times the mass of an electron = 9.10e-28 kg\n", + "The charge of the partical = 1.6*10**-19 C\n", + "Therefore, The velocity, v = sqrt(2*q*V/me) = 5.93e+05 m/s\n", + "Kinetic energy = q x V = 1000.00 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "me=1000*9.1*10**-31\n", + "print \"Mass of the charged particle = 1000 times the mass of an electron = %0.2e kg\"%me\n", + "print \"The charge of the partical = 1.6*10**-19 C\"\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19 #charge of the particle\n", + "V=1000 #potential difference\n", + "v=sqrt(2*q*V/me)\n", + "print \"Therefore, The velocity, v = sqrt(2*q*V/me) = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", + "ke=(q*V)/(1.6*10**-19) # in eV\n", + "print \"Kinetic energy = q x V = %0.2f eV\"%ke" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.3 : Page 50" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Therefore, E = V / d = 5.83e+04 \n", + " ax = qE / m = 1.03e+16 m/s**2\n", + "We know that,\n", + " x = vox*t + 0.5*a*t**2\n", + " vx = vox + ax*t\n", + "(i) Consider x = 3*10**-3 m\n", + "3*10**-3 = 3*10**6*t + 5.13*10**15*t**2\n", + "Solving this equation,\n", + "t = 5.26e-10 seconds \n", + "vx = 8.40e+06 m/s \n", + "(ii) Consider x = 6*10**-6 m\n", + "t**2+(5.85*10**-10)*t-(1.17*10**-18) = 0\n", + "Solving this equation,\n", + "t = 8.28e-10 seconds \n", + "vx = 1.15e+07 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from sympy import symbols, solve\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "d=6*10**-3\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\n", + "vax=3*10**6\n", + "E=350/d\n", + "print \"Therefore, E = V / d = %0.2e \"%E\n", + "ax=q*E/m\n", + "print \" ax = qE / m = %0.2e m/s**2\"%ax\n", + "print \"We know that,\"\n", + "print \" x = vox*t + 0.5*a*t**2\"\n", + "print \" vx = vox + ax*t\"\n", + "print \"(i) Consider x = 3*10**-3 m\"\n", + "print \"3*10**-3 = 3*10**6*t + 5.13*10**15*t**2\"\n", + "print \"Solving this equation,\"\n", + "t=symbols('t')\n", + "p1=(5.13*10**15)*t**2+(3*10**6)*t-3*10**-3\n", + "t1=solve(p1,t)\n", + "ans1=t1[1]\n", + "print \"t = %0.2e seconds \"%ans1\n", + "vx=(3*10**6)+((1.026*10**16)*(5.264*10**-10))\n", + "print \"vx = %0.2e m/s \"%vx\n", + "print \"(ii) Consider x = 6*10**-6 m\"\n", + "print \"t**2+(5.85*10**-10)*t-(1.17*10**-18) = 0\"\n", + "print \"Solving this equation,\"\n", + "t=symbols('t')\n", + "p2=t**2+(5.85*10**-10)*t-1.17*10**-18\n", + "t2=solve(p2, t)\n", + "ans2=t2[1]\n", + "print \"t = %0.2e seconds \"%ans2\n", + "vx1=(3*10**6)+((8.28*10**-10)*(1.026*10**16))\n", + "print \"vx = %0.2e m/s\"%vx1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.4 : Page 51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i)The electron starts from rest at plate A, therefore, the initial velocity is zero. The velocity of electron on reaching plate B is\n", + "v = sqrt(2*q*V/m) = 8.39e+06 m/s\n", + "(ii)Time taken by the electron to travel from plate A to plate B can be calculated from the average velocity of the electron in transit.The average velocity is,\n", + "vaverage = (Initial velocity + Final velocity) / 2 = 4.19e+06 m/s\n", + "Therefore, time taken for travel is,\n", + "Time = Separation between the plates / Average velocity = 7.16e-10 seconds\n", + "(iii)Kinetic energy of the electron on reaching the plate B is\n", + "Kinetic energy = q V = 3.20e-17 Joules\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "V=200\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\n", + "v=sqrt(2*q*V/m)\n", + "print \"(i)The electron starts from rest at plate A, therefore, the initial velocity is zero. The velocity of electron on reaching plate B is\"\n", + "print \"v = sqrt(2*q*V/m) = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", + "iv=0 #initial velocity\n", + "fv=8.38*10**6 #final velocity\n", + "va=(iv+fv)/2 #average velocity of electron in transit\n", + "print \"(ii)Time taken by the electron to travel from plate A to plate B can be calculated from the average velocity of the electron in transit.The average velocity is,\"\n", + "print \"vaverage = (Initial velocity + Final velocity) / 2 = %0.2e m/s\"%va\n", + "sp=3*10**-3 #separation between the plates\n", + "time=sp/va\n", + "print \"Therefore, time taken for travel is,\"\n", + "print \"Time = Separation between the plates / Average velocity = %0.2e seconds\"%time\n", + "ke=q*V\n", + "print \"(iii)Kinetic energy of the electron on reaching the plate B is\"\n", + "print \"Kinetic energy = q V = %0.2e Joules\"%ke" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.5 : Page 51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The speed acquired by electron due to the applied voltage is\n", + "v = sqrt(vinitial**2+(2*q*V/m)) = 1.03e+07 m/s\n", + "The average velocity,\n", + "vaverage = (vinitial + vfinal) / 2 = 5.66e+06 m/s\n", + "Therefore, time for travel = seperation between plates / vaverage = 1.41e-09 seconds\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "vinitial=1*10**6\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "V=300\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\n", + "vfinal=10.33*10**6\n", + "sp=8*10**-3 #separation between plates\n", + "v=sqrt(vinitial**2+(2*q*V/m))\n", + "print \"The speed acquired by electron due to the applied voltage is\"\n", + "print \"v = sqrt(vinitial**2+(2*q*V/m)) = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", + "va=(vinitial+vfinal)/2\n", + "print \"The average velocity,\"\n", + "print \"vaverage = (vinitial + vfinal) / 2 = %0.2e m/s\"%va\n", + "time=sp/va\n", + "print \"Therefore, time for travel = seperation between plates / vaverage = %0.2e seconds\"%time" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.6 : Page 52" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The electric field intensity,\n", + "E = -5t / d*10*-9 = -5t / 10**-9*1*10**-2 = 5*10**11*t (for 0 < t < t1)\n", + " = 0 (for t1 < t < infinity)\n", + "(i) The position of the electron after 1ns,\n", + " d(um) = (5*10**11)*(1.76*10**11)*((1*10**-9)**3/6) = 14.67 um\n", + "(ii) The rest of the distance to be covered by the electron = 0.8cm - 14.7 um = 0.80\n", + "Since, the potential difference drops to zero volt, after 1ns, the electron will travel the distance of 0.799 cm with a constant velocity of\n", + "vx = (5*10**11)*(q/m)*(t**2/2) = 4.40e+04 m/s\n", + "Therefore, the time t2 = d / vx = 1.81e-07 seconds\n", + "The total time of transit of electron from cathode to anode = 1.82e-07 seconds\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "d=(5*10**11*1.76*10**11)*(((1*10**-9)**3)/6)\n", + "x1=d*10**6\n", + "print \"The electric field intensity,\"\n", + "print \"E = -5t / d*10*-9 = -5t / 10**-9*1*10**-2 = 5*10**11*t (for 0 < t < t1)\"\n", + "print \" = 0 (for t1 < t < infinity)\"\n", + "print \"(i) The position of the electron after 1ns,\"\n", + "print \" d(um) = (5*10**11)*(1.76*10**11)*((1*10**-9)**3/6) = %0.2f um\"%x1\n", + "x2=0.8-(d*10**2)\n", + "print \"(ii) The rest of the distance to be covered by the electron = 0.8cm - 14.7 um = %0.2f\"%x2\n", + "print \"Since, the potential difference drops to zero volt, after 1ns, the electron will travel the distance of 0.799 cm with a constant velocity of\"\n", + "vx=(5*10**11*1.76*10**11)*(((1*10**-9)**2)/2)\n", + "print \"vx = (5*10**11)*(q/m)*(t**2/2) = %0.2e m/s\"%vx\n", + "x3=(x2/vx)*10**-2\n", + "print \"Therefore, the time t2 = d / vx = %0.2e seconds\"%x3\n", + "x4=(1*10**-9)+x3\n", + "print \"The total time of transit of electron from cathode to anode = %0.2e seconds\"%x4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.7 : Page 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The velocity of the electron is = sqrt(2qVa/m) = 3.75e+06 m/s\n", + "The time taken for one revolution is T = 2*pi*m / B*q = 3.93e-11 seconds\n", + "The pitch = T*v*cos(theta) = 1.28e-04 meters\n", + "Thus, the electron has travelled = 1.28e-04 meters\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "Va=40\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\n", + "B=0.91\n", + "ve=sqrt(2*q*Va/m)\n", + "print \"The velocity of the electron is = sqrt(2qVa/m) = %0.2e m/s\"%ve\n", + "tt=(2*pi*m)/(B*q)\n", + "print \"The time taken for one revolution is T = 2*pi*m / B*q = %0.2e seconds\"%tt\n", + "p=tt*ve*(sqrt(3)/2) #cos(30)=sqrt(3)/2\n", + "print \"The pitch = T*v*cos(theta) = %0.2e meters\"%p\n", + "print \"Thus, the electron has travelled = %0.2e meters\"%p" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.8 : Page 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 30, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) The velocity of the charged particle before entering the field is,\n", + "v = sqrt(2aV/m) * sqrt(2(3q)V/2m) = sqrt(6qV/2m) = 5.14e+06 m/s\n", + "(ii) The radius of the helical path is\n", + "r = Mvsine(theta) / QB = 2mvsine(theta) / 3qB = 0.41 mm\n", + "(iii) Time for one revolution,\n", + "T = 2*pi*M / B*Q = 2*pi*(2m) / B(3q) = 1.19e-09 seconds\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import radians as rdn, sin,pi,sqrt\n", + "radians=rdn(25)\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\n", + "V=50\n", + "Q=3*q\n", + "M=2*m\n", + "v=sqrt(2*Q*V/M)\n", + "print \"(i) The velocity of the charged particle before entering the field is,\"\n", + "print \"v = sqrt(2aV/m) * sqrt(2(3q)V/2m) = sqrt(6qV/2m) = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", + "B=0.02\n", + "r=(M*v*sin(radians))/(Q*B)\n", + "r1=r*10**3\n", + "print \"(ii) The radius of the helical path is\"\n", + "print \"r = Mvsine(theta) / QB = 2mvsine(theta) / 3qB = %0.2f mm\"%r1\n", + "T=(2*pi*M)/(B*Q)\n", + "print \"(iii) Time for one revolution,\"\n", + "print \"T = 2*pi*M / B*Q = 2*pi*(2m) / B(3q) = %0.2e seconds\"%T" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.9 : Page 58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Given, T = 35.5/B *10**-12 s, B = 0.01 Wb/m**3, Va = 900V\n", + "Therefore, T = 3.55*10**-9 s\n", + "Velocity, v(m/s) = sqrt(2qVa/m) = 1.78e+07 m/s\n", + "Radius, r(mm) = mv/qB = v/(q/m)B = 10.11 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "print \"Given, T = 35.5/B *10**-12 s, B = 0.01 Wb/m**3, Va = 900V\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, T = 3.55*10**-9 s\"\n", + "T = 3.55*10**-9\n", + "Va=900\n", + "v=sqrt(2*(1.76*10**11)*900)\n", + "print \"Velocity, v(m/s) = sqrt(2qVa/m) = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", + "r=(17.799*10**6)/(0.01*1.76*10**11)\n", + "x1=r*10**3\n", + "print \"Radius, r(mm) = mv/qB = v/(q/m)B = %0.2f mm\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.10 : Page 60" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 33, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) The velocity of the electron, v = 1.45e+07 m/s\n", + "(ii) ma = qE\n", + "Thus, acceleration, a(m/s)= qE / m = (q/m)(Vd/d) = 4.40e+14 m/s\n", + "(iii) The deflection on the screen, D(cm)= ILVd / 2Vad = 1.46 cm\n", + "(iv) Deflection sensitivity(cm/V)= D / Vd = 0.07 cm/V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "Va=600\n", + "l=3.5\n", + "d=0.8\n", + "L=20\n", + "Vd=20\n", + "format(9)\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\n", + "v=sqrt(2*q*Va/m)\n", + "print \"(i) The velocity of the electron, v = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", + "a=(q/m)*(Vd/d)\n", + "a1=a*10**2\n", + "print \"(ii) ma = qE\"\n", + "print \"Thus, acceleration, a(m/s)= qE / m = (q/m)(Vd/d) = %0.2e m/s\"%a1\n", + "D=(l*L*Vd)/(2*Va*d)\n", + "print\"(iii) The deflection on the screen, D(cm)= ILVd / 2Vad = %0.2f cm\"% D\n", + "Ds=D/Vd\n", + "print \"(iv) Deflection sensitivity(cm/V)= D / Vd = %0.2f cm/V\"%Ds" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.11 : Page 61" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 34, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) The velocity of the beam, v = sqrt(2qVa / m) = 1.68e+07 m/s\n", + "(ii) The deflection of the beam, D = lLVd / 2dVa\n", + "Therefore, the voltage that must be applied to the plates, Vd = 20.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\n", + "Va=800\n", + "l=2\n", + "d=0.5\n", + "L=20\n", + "D=1\n", + "v=sqrt(2*q*Va/m)\n", + "print \"(i) The velocity of the beam, v = sqrt(2qVa / m) = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", + "Vd=(D*2*d*Va)/(l*L)\n", + "print \"(ii) The deflection of the beam, D = lLVd / 2dVa\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, the voltage that must be applied to the plates, Vd = %0.2f V\"%Vd" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.12 : Page 61" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 50, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) Velocity of beam, v = sqrt(2qVa/m) = 1.88e+07 m/s\n", + "(ii) Deflection sensitivity = D/Vd\n", + "where D = l*L*Vd / 2*Va*d = 0.01 cm\n", + "Therefore, the deflection sensitivity = 4.00e-04 cm/V\n", + "(iii) To find the angle of deflection, theta :\n", + " tan(theta) = D/L-l\n", + "Therefore, theta = tan**-1(D/L-l) = 0.032 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import degrees, atan\n", + "v=sqrt((2*(1.6*10**-19)*1000)/(9.1*10**-31))\n", + "print \"(i) Velocity of beam, v = sqrt(2qVa/m) = %0.2e m/s\"%v\n", + "D=((2*10**-2)*(20*10**-2)*25)/(2*1000*(0.5*10**-2))\n", + "print \"(ii) Deflection sensitivity = D/Vd\"\n", + "print \"where D = l*L*Vd / 2*Va*d = %0.2f cm\"%D\n", + "ds=D/25\n", + "print \"Therefore, the deflection sensitivity = %0.2e cm/V\"%ds\n", + "theta=degrees(atan(1/1800))\n", + "print \"(iii) To find the angle of deflection, theta :\"\n", + "print \" tan(theta) = D/L-l\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, theta = tan**-1(D/L-l) = %0.3f degrees\"%theta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.13 : Page 62" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 52, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The electron starts moving in the +y direction, but, since acceleration is along the -y direction, its velocity isreduced to zero at time t=t''\n", + "v0y = v0 * cos(theta) = 1.50e+05 m/s\n", + "ay = qE / m = 1.60e+14 m/s**2\n", + "t'' = v0y / ay = 0.94 ns\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import cos,pi\n", + "v0=3*10**5\n", + "E=910\n", + "theta=60\n", + "m=9.109*10**-31\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "print \"The electron starts moving in the +y direction, but, since acceleration is along the -y direction, its velocity isreduced to zero at time t=t''\"\n", + "v0y=v0*cos(theta*pi/180)\n", + "print \"v0y = v0 * cos(theta) = %0.2e m/s\"%v0y\n", + "ay=(q*E)/m\n", + "print \"ay = qE / m = %0.2e m/s**2\"%ay\n", + "tdash=v0y/ay\n", + "x1=tdash*10**9\n", + "print \"t'' = v0y / ay = %0.2f ns\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.14 : Page 62" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 43, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The deflection of the spot,\n", + "D = (IBL/sqrt(Va))*sqrt(q/2m) = 0.42 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "D=(((2*10**-2)*(1*10**-4)*(20*10**-2))/sqrt(800))*sqrt((1.6*10**-19)/(2*9.1*10**-31))\n", + "x1=D*10**2\n", + "print \"The deflection of the spot,\"\n", + "print \"D = (IBL/sqrt(Va))*sqrt(q/2m) = %0.2f cm\"%x1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 3.15 : Page 62" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The magnetostatic deflection, D = (IBL/sqrt(Va))*sqrt(q/2m)\n", + "The electrostatic deflection, D = lLVd / 2dVa\n", + "For returning the beam back to the centre, the electrostatic deflection and the magnetostatic deflection must be equal, i.e.,\n", + "(IBL/sqrt(Va))*sqrt(q/2m) = lLVd / 2dVa\n", + "Therefore,\n", + "Vd = dB*sqrt(2*Va*q/m) = 33.55 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,sqrt\n", + "print \"The magnetostatic deflection, D = (IBL/sqrt(Va))*sqrt(q/2m)\"\n", + "print \"The electrostatic deflection, D = lLVd / 2dVa\"\n", + "print \"For returning the beam back to the centre, the electrostatic deflection and the magnetostatic deflection must be equal, i.e.,\"\n", + "print \"(IBL/sqrt(Va))*sqrt(q/2m) = lLVd / 2dVa\"\n", + "print \"Therefore,\"\n", + "Vd=(1*10**-2*2*10**-4)*sqrt((2*800*1.6*10**-19)/(9.1*10**-31))\n", + "print \"Vd = dB*sqrt(2*Va*q/m) = %0.2f V\"%Vd" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch4_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch4_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c7f2ac66 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch4_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,600 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-4 : Semiconductor Diodes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 78 Example 4.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) The intrinsic conductivity for germanium,\n", + "sigmai(S/cm) = q*ni*(un+up) = 0.02\n", + "(ii) The intrinsic conductivity for silicon,\n", + "sigmai(S/cm)= q*ni*(un+np) =4.32e-06\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "un1=3800 #mobility of free electrons in pure germanium\n", + "up1=1800 #mobility of free holes in pure germanium\n", + "un2=1300 #mobility of free electrons in pure silicon\n", + "up2=500 #mobility of free holes in pure silicon\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "nig=2.5*10**13\n", + "nis=1.5*10**10\n", + "sigma1=q*nig*(un1+up1)\n", + "print \"(i) The intrinsic conductivity for germanium,\"\n", + "print \"sigmai(S/cm) = q*ni*(un+up) = %0.2f\"%sigma1\n", + "sigma2=q*nis*(un2+up2)\n", + "print \"(ii) The intrinsic conductivity for silicon,\"\n", + "print \"sigmai(S/cm)= q*ni*(un+np) =%0.2e\"%sigma2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 79 Example 4.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) In intrensic condition, n=p=ni\n", + "Hence, sigma_i = q*ni*(un+up)\n", + "sigma_i = 4.32e-06 S/cm\n", + "(b) Number of silicon atoms/cm**3 = 5*10**22\n", + "Hence, ND = 5.00e+14 cm**-3\n", + "Further, n = ND\n", + "Therefore, p = ni**2/n = ni**2/ND\n", + "p = 4.50e+05 cm**-3\n", + "Thus p << n. Hence p may be neglected while calculating the conductivity.\n", + "Hence, sigma = n*q*un = ND*q*un\n", + "sigma = 0.10 S/cm\n", + "(c) NA = 1.00e+15 cm**-3\n", + "Further, p = NA\n", + "Hence, n = ni**2/p = ni**2/NA\n", + "n = 2.25e+05 cm**-3\n", + "Thus p >> n. Hence n may be neglected while calculating the conductivity.\n", + "Hence, sigma = p*q*up = NA*q*up\n", + "sigma = 0.08 S/cm\n", + "(d) With both types of impurities present simultaneously, the net acceptor impurity density is,\n", + "Na = 5.00e+14 cm**-3\n", + "Hence, sigma = Na*q*up\n", + "sigma = 0.04 S/cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "ni=1.5*10**10\n", + "un=1300\n", + "up=500\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "nos=5*10**22\n", + "print \"(a) In intrensic condition, n=p=ni\"\n", + "print \"Hence, sigma_i = q*ni*(un+up)\"\n", + "sigma_i = q*ni*(un+up)\n", + "print \"sigma_i = %0.2e S/cm\"%sigma_i\n", + "print \"(b) Number of silicon atoms/cm**3 = 5*10**22\"\n", + "ND=5*10**22/10**8\n", + "print \"Hence, ND = %0.2e cm**-3\"%ND\n", + "print \"Further, n = ND\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, p = ni**2/n = ni**2/ND\"\n", + "p=ni**2/ND\n", + "print \"p = %0.2e cm**-3\"%p # wrong answer in textbook\n", + "print \"Thus p << n. Hence p may be neglected while calculating the conductivity.\"\n", + "print \"Hence, sigma = n*q*un = ND*q*un\"\n", + "sigma=ND*q*un\n", + "print \"sigma = %0.2f S/cm\"%sigma\n", + "NA=(5*10**22)/(5*10**7)\n", + "print \"(c) NA = %0.2e cm**-3\"%NA\n", + "print \"Further, p = NA\"\n", + "print \"Hence, n = ni**2/p = ni**2/NA\"\n", + "n=ni**2/NA\n", + "print \"n = %0.2e cm**-3\"%n\n", + "print \"Thus p >> n. Hence n may be neglected while calculating the conductivity.\"\n", + "print \"Hence, sigma = p*q*up = NA*q*up\"\n", + "sigma1=NA*q*up\n", + "print \"sigma = %0.2f S/cm\"%sigma1\n", + "print \"(d) With both types of impurities present simultaneously, the net acceptor impurity density is,\"\n", + "Na=NA-ND\n", + "print \"Na = %0.2e cm**-3\"%Na\n", + "print \"Hence, sigma = Na*q*up\"\n", + "sigma2=Na*q*up\n", + "print \"sigma = %0.2f S/cm\"%sigma2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 83 Example 4.7." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) n = p = ni = 2.5*10**13 cm**-3\n", + "Therefore, conductivity, sigma = q*ni*(un+np) =0.02 S/cm\n", + "Hence, resistivity rho = 1 / sigma =44.64 (ohm-cm)\n", + "\n", + "(b) ND = 4.40e+15 cm**-3\n", + "Also, n = ND\n", + "Therefore, p = ni**2 / n = ni**2 / ND =142045454545.45 (holes/cm**3)\n", + "Here, as n >> p, p can be neglected.\n", + "Therefore, conductivity, sigma = n*q*un = ND*q*un =2.68 (S/cm)\n", + "Hence, resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma =0.37 (ohm-cm)\n", + "\n", + "(c) NA = 4.40e+14 (cm**-3)\n", + "Also, p = NA\n", + "Therefore, n = ni**2 / p = ni**2 / NA =1420454545454.55 (electrons/cm**3)\n", + "Here, as p >> n, n may be neglected. Then,\n", + "Conductivity, sigma = p*q*up = NA*q*up =0.13 (S/cm)\n", + "Hence, resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma = 7.89 (ohm-cm)\n", + "\n", + "(d) with both p and n type impurities present,\n", + " ND = 4.4*10**15 cm**-3 and NA = 4.4*10**14 cm**-3\n", + "Therefore, the net donor density ND'' is\n", + "ND'' = (ND - NA) =3960000000000000.00 (cm**-3)\n", + "Therefore, effective n = ND'' = 3.96*10**15 cm**-3\n", + "p = ni**2 / N''D =157828282828.28 (cm**-3)\n", + "Here again p(= ni**2 / N''D) is very small compared with N''D and may be neglected in calculating the effective conductivity.\n", + "Therefore, conductivity, sigma = ND''*q*un =2.41 (S/cm)\n", + "Hence, resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma =0.42 (ohm-cm)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ni=2.5*10**13\n", + "un=3800\n", + "up=1800\n", + "nog=4.4*10**22\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "sigma=q*ni*(un+up)\n", + "print \"(a) n = p = ni = 2.5*10**13 cm**-3\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, conductivity, sigma = q*ni*(un+np) =%0.2f S/cm\"%sigma\n", + "rho=1/sigma\n", + "print \"Hence, resistivity rho = 1 / sigma =%0.2f (ohm-cm)\"%rho\n", + "ND=(4.4*10**22)/10**7\n", + "print \"\\n(b) ND = %0.2e cm**-3\"%ND\n", + "p=ni**2/ND\n", + "print \"Also, n = ND\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, p = ni**2 / n = ni**2 / ND =%0.2f (holes/cm**3)\"%p\n", + "print \"Here, as n >> p, p can be neglected.\"\n", + "sigma1=ND*q*un\n", + "print \"Therefore, conductivity, sigma = n*q*un = ND*q*un =%0.2f (S/cm)\"%sigma1\n", + "rho1=1/sigma1\n", + "print \"Hence, resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma =%0.2f (ohm-cm)\"%rho1\n", + "\n", + "NA=(4.4*10**22)/10**8\n", + "print \"\\n(c) NA = %0.2e (cm**-3)\"%NA\n", + "print \"Also, p = NA\"\n", + "n=ni**2/NA\n", + "print \"Therefore, n = ni**2 / p = ni**2 / NA =%0.2f (electrons/cm**3)\"%n\n", + "sigma2=NA*q*up\n", + "print \"Here, as p >> n, n may be neglected. Then,\"\n", + "print \"Conductivity, sigma = p*q*up = NA*q*up =%0.2f (S/cm)\"%sigma2\n", + "rho2=1/sigma2\n", + "print \"Hence, resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma = %0.2f (ohm-cm)\"%rho2\n", + "\n", + "print \"\\n(d) with both p and n type impurities present,\"\n", + "print \" ND = 4.4*10**15 cm**-3 and NA = 4.4*10**14 cm**-3\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, the net donor density ND'' is\"\n", + "Nd=ND-NA\n", + "print \"ND'' = (ND - NA) =%0.2f (cm**-3)\"%Nd\n", + "print \"Therefore, effective n = ND'' = 3.96*10**15 cm**-3\"\n", + "p1=ni**2/Nd\n", + "print \"p = ni**2 / N''D =%0.2f (cm**-3)\"%p1\n", + "print \"Here again p(= ni**2 / N''D) is very small compared with N''D and may be neglected in calculating the effective conductivity.\"\n", + "sigma3=Nd*q*un\n", + "print \"Therefore, conductivity, sigma = ND''*q*un =%0.2f (S/cm)\"%sigma3\n", + "rho3=1/sigma3\n", + "print \"Hence, resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma =%0.2f (ohm-cm)\"%rho3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 87 Example 4.8" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sigma_i = qni(un+up) = 1 / 25*10**4\n", + "\n", + "Therefore, ni = sigma_i / q(un+up) =14492753623.19\n", + "\n", + "Net donor density, ND(= n) = 3.00e+10 (cm**-3)\n", + "Hence, p = ni**2 / ND =7001330252.75 (cm**-3)\n", + "Hence, sigma = q*(n*un + p*up) =0.00\n", + "Therefore, total conduction current density, J = sigma*E =0.00 A/cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "un=1250\n", + "up=475\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "sigma_i=1/(25*10**4)\n", + "format(9)\n", + "ni=1/((25*10**4)*(1.6*10**-19)*(1250+475))\n", + "print \"sigma_i = qni(un+up) = 1 / 25*10**4\"\n", + "print \"\\nTherefore, ni = sigma_i / q(un+up) =%0.2f\"%ni\n", + "\n", + "ND=(4*10**10)-10**10\n", + "print \"\\nNet donor density, ND(= n) = %0.2e (cm**-3)\"%ND\n", + "p=ni**2/ND\n", + "print \"Hence, p = ni**2 / ND =%0.2f (cm**-3)\"%p\n", + "sigma=(1.6*10**-19)*((1250*3*10**10)+(475*0.7*10**10))\n", + "print \"Hence, sigma = q*(n*un + p*up) =%0.2f\"%sigma\n", + "\n", + "J=6.532*4*10**-6\n", + "print \"Therefore, total conduction current density, J = sigma*E =%0.2f A/cm**2\"%J" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 92 Example 4.9." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) Concentration in N-type silicon\n", + "The conductivity of an N-type Silicon is sigma = q*n*un\n", + "Concentratoin of electrons, n = sigma / q*un =1.44e+18 (cm**-3)\n", + "Hence, concentration of holes, p = ni**2 / n =1.56e+02 (cm**-3)\n", + "(b) Concentration in P-type silicon\n", + "The conductivity of a P-type Silicon is sigma = q*p*up\n", + "Hence, concentratoin of holes, p = sigma / q*up =3.75e+18 (cm**-3)\n", + "and concentration of electrons, n = ni**2 / p = 60.00 (cm**-3)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ni=1.5*10**10\n", + "un=1300\n", + "up=500\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "sigma=300\n", + "print \"(a) Concentration in N-type silicon\"\n", + "format(10)\n", + "n=sigma/(q*un)\n", + "print \"The conductivity of an N-type Silicon is sigma = q*n*un\"\n", + "print \"Concentratoin of electrons, n = sigma / q*un =%0.2e (cm**-3)\"%n\n", + "p=ni**2/n\n", + "print \"Hence, concentration of holes, p = ni**2 / n =%0.2e (cm**-3)\"%p\n", + "print \"(b) Concentration in P-type silicon\"\n", + "p=sigma/(q*up)\n", + "print \"The conductivity of a P-type Silicon is sigma = q*p*up\"\n", + "print \"Hence, concentratoin of holes, p = sigma / q*up =%0.2e (cm**-3)\"%p\n", + "n=ni**2/p\n", + "print \"and concentration of electrons, n = ni**2 / p = %0.2f (cm**-3)\"%n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 93 Example 4.10." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Density of added impurity atoms is, ND = 4.20e+22 (atoms/m**3)\n", + "Also, n = ND\n", + "Therefore, p = ni**2 / n = ni**2 / ND =1.49e+16 (m**-3)\n", + "Here, as p << n, p may be neglected.\n", + "Therefore, sigma = q*ND*un =2553.60 (S/m)\n", + "Therefore, resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma =0.00 ohm-m\n", + "Resistance, R = rho*L / A =78.32 kohm\n", + "Voltage drop, V = RI =78.32 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ND=(4.2*10**28)/10**6\n", + "print \"Density of added impurity atoms is, ND = %0.2e (atoms/m**3)\"%ND\n", + "ni=2.5*10**19\n", + "p=ni**2/ND\n", + "print \"Also, n = ND\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, p = ni**2 / n = ni**2 / ND =%0.2e (m**-3)\"%p\n", + "print \"Here, as p << n, p may be neglected.\"\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "un=0.38\n", + "sigma=q*ND*un\n", + "print \"Therefore, sigma = q*ND*un =%0.2f (S/m)\"%sigma\n", + "\n", + "rho=1/sigma\n", + "print \"Therefore, resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma =%0.2f ohm-m\"%rho\n", + "\n", + "L=5*10**-3\n", + "A=5*10**-6\n", + "R=(rho*L)/A**2\n", + "R1=R*10**-3\n", + "print \"Resistance, R = rho*L / A =%0.2f kohm\"%R1\n", + "I=10**-6\n", + "V=R*I\n", + "V1=V*10**3\n", + "print \"Voltage drop, V = RI =%0.2f mV\"%V1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 94 Example 4.11." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) Resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma = 1 / NA*q*up = 6 ohm-cm\n", + "Therefore, NA = 1 / 6*q*up =5.79e+14 (1/cm**3)\n", + "Similarly, ND(1/cm**3) = 1 / 4*q*un =4.11e+14 (1/cm**3)\n", + "Therefore, Va = VT*ln(ND*NA / ni**2) = 0.15 V\n", + "Hence, Eo = 0.15 eV\n", + "\n", + "(b) Vo = 0.026*ln(2*ND*2*NA / ni**2) =0.19 V\n", + "Therefore, Eo(eV) = 0.19 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19\n", + "ni=2.5*10**13\n", + "up=1800\n", + "un=3800\n", + "VT=0.026\n", + "rho=6\n", + "format(9)\n", + "NA=1/(6*q*up)\n", + "print \"(a) Resistivity, rho = 1 / sigma = 1 / NA*q*up = 6 ohm-cm\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, NA = 1 / 6*q*up =%0.2e (1/cm**3)\"%NA\n", + "ND=1/(4*q*un)\n", + "print \"Similarly, ND(1/cm**3) = 1 / 4*q*un =%0.2e (1/cm**3)\"%ND\n", + "Va=VT*log((ND*NA)/ni**2)\n", + "print \"Therefore, Va = VT*ln(ND*NA / ni**2) = %0.2f V\"%Va\n", + "print \"Hence, Eo = %0.2f eV\"%Va\n", + "Va1=0.026*log((2*ND*2*NA)/ni**2)\n", + "print \"\\n(b) Vo = 0.026*ln(2*ND*2*NA / ni**2) =%0.2f V\"%Va1\n", + "print \"Therefore, Eo(eV) = %0.2f eV\"%Va1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 97 Example 4.12." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The current flowing through the PN diode under forward bias is,\n", + "I = Io*(e**40*VF - 1) =120.73 uA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "Ia=0.3*10**-6\n", + "VF=0.15\n", + "I=Ia*((exp(40*VF))-1)\n", + "I1=I*10**6\n", + "print \"The current flowing through the PN diode under forward bias is,\"\n", + "print \"I = Io*(e**40*VF - 1) =%0.2f uA\"%I1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 97 Example 4.13." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The volt-equivalent of the temperature(T) is,\n", + "VT(V) = T / 11600 = 0.03\n", + "Therefore, the diode current, I = Io*e**((VF/eta*VT)-1) =1.18 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "VF=0.6\n", + "T=298\n", + "Io=10**-5\n", + "eta=2\n", + "VT=T/11600.0\n", + "print \"The volt-equivalent of the temperature(T) is,\"\n", + "print \"VT(V) = T / 11600 = %0.2f\"%VT\n", + "I=Io*((exp((VF/(eta*VT))))-1)\n", + "print \"Therefore, the diode current, I = Io*e**((VF/eta*VT)-1) =%0.2f A\"%I" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 98 Example 4.16." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Forward resistance of a PN junction diode, rf = (eta*VT)/I where VT = T/11600 and eta = 2 for silicon\n", + "Therefore, rf = 2*(T/11600) / 5*10**-3\n", + "rf = 10.34 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "I=5*10**-3\n", + "T=300\n", + "print \"Forward resistance of a PN junction diode, rf = (eta*VT)/I where VT = T/11600 and eta = 2 for silicon\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, rf = 2*(T/11600) / 5*10**-3\"\n", + "eta=2 #for silicon\n", + "rf=600/(11600*5*10**-3)\n", + "print \"rf = %0.2f ohm\"%rf" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 100 Example 4.17." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The saturation current at 400 K is,\n", + "Io2 = Io1 * 2**((T2-T1)/10)\n", + " = 7.5*10**-6 * 2**(127-27/10)\n", + "Io2 = 7.68 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "Io1=7.5*10**-6\n", + "T1=27\n", + "T2=127\n", + "print \"The saturation current at 400 K is,\"\n", + "print \"Io2 = Io1 * 2**((T2-T1)/10)\"\n", + "print \" = 7.5*10**-6 * 2**(127-27/10)\"\n", + "Io2=Io1*(2**((T2-T1)/10))\n", + "I=Io2*10**3\n", + "print \"Io2 = %0.2f mA\"%I" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch5_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch5_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bcea886e --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch5_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-5 : Special Diodes" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 132 Exmaple 5.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The barrier height for N-type material is,\n", + " Theta_BN = Theta_M - Chi = 0.25 V\n", + "The built-in potential is given by,\n", + " Theta_IN = Theta_BN - (kT/q)*ln(NC/ND) =-0.22 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "thetaM=4.26 #work function\n", + "chi=4.01 #electron affinity\n", + "thetaBN=thetaM-chi\n", + "print \"The barrier height for N-type material is,\"\n", + "print \" Theta_BN = Theta_M - Chi = %0.2f V\"%thetaBN\n", + "thetaIN=thetaBN-((((1.38*10**-23)*300)/(1.6*10**-19)))*log((2.8*10**25)/(4*10**17))\n", + "print \"The built-in potential is given by,\"\n", + "print \" Theta_IN = Theta_BN - (kT/q)*ln(NC/ND) =%0.2f V\"%thetaIN \n", + "# answer in the textbook is wrong, even if we take log10 we get a answer 0.047." + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch6_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch6_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..03eb7a71 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch6_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1581 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-6 : Bipolar Junction Transistor " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 151 Example 6.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The emitter current is,\n", + "IE = IB + IC\n", + "10 = IB + 9.8\n", + "Therefore, IB(mA) =0.20\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IE=10\n", + "IC=9.8\n", + "print \"The emitter current is,\"\n", + "print \"IE = IB + IC\"\n", + "print \"10 = IB + 9.8\"\n", + "IB=IE-IC\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB(mA) =%0.2f\"%IB" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 152 Example 6.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The common-base d.c. current gain,\n", + "alpha = IC/IE = 0.9873\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IE=6.28\n", + "IC=6.20\n", + "print \"The common-base d.c. current gain,\"\n", + "alpha=IC/IE\n", + "print \"alpha = IC/IE = %0.4f\"%alpha" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 155 Example 6.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The common-base d.c. current gain (alpha) is,\n", + "alpha = 0.967 = IC/IE = IC/10\n", + "\n", + "Therefore, IC = 9.67 mA\n", + "The emitter current, IE = IB + IC\n", + "Therefore, IB =0.33 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "alpha=0.967\n", + "IE=10\n", + "print \"The common-base d.c. current gain (alpha) is,\"\n", + "print \"alpha = 0.967 = IC/IE = IC/10\"\n", + "IC=alpha*IE\n", + "print \"\\nTherefore, IC = %0.2f mA\"%IC\n", + "print \"The emitter current, IE = IB + IC\"\n", + "IB=IE-IC\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB =%0.2f mA\"%IB" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 156 Example 6.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The common-base d.c. current gain, alpha = IC/IE\n", + "Therefore, IC =9.80 mA\n", + "The emitter current, IE = IB + IC\n", + "Therefore, IB =0.20 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IE=10\n", + "alpha=0.98\n", + "print \"The common-base d.c. current gain, alpha = IC/IE\"\n", + "IC=alpha*IE\n", + "print \"Therefore, IC =%0.2f mA\"%IC\n", + "print \"The emitter current, IE = IB + IC\"\n", + "IB=IE-IC\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB =%0.2f mA\"%IB" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 158 Example 6.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "If alpha=0.97, beta = alpha/(1 - alpha)\n", + "beta = 32.3333\n", + "If beta=200, alpha = beta/(beta + 1)\n", + "alpha =0.0000\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "alpha=0.97\n", + "print \"If alpha=0.97, beta = alpha/(1 - alpha)\"\n", + "beta=alpha/(1-alpha)\n", + "print \"beta = %0.4f\"%beta\n", + "beta1=200\n", + "print \"If beta=200, alpha = beta/(beta + 1)\"\n", + "alpha1 =beta1/(beta1+1)\n", + "print \"alpha =%0.4f\"%alpha1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 158 Example 6.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta = 100 = IC / IB\n", + "Therefore, IB =0.40 mA\n", + "IE = IB + IC\n", + "IE =40.40 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "beta=100.0\n", + "IC=40\n", + "print \"beta = 100 = IC / IB\"\n", + "IB=IC/beta\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB =%0.2f mA\"%IB\n", + "print \"IE = IB + IC\"\n", + "IE=IB+IC\n", + "print \"IE =%0.2f mA\"%IE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 159 Example 6.7." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The common-base current gain, alpha = beta / (beta + 1) =0.9934\n", + "Also, alpha = IC / IE\n", + "Therefore, IC = 9.93 mA\n", + "the emitter current, IE = IB + IC\n", + "Therefore, IB =0.07 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "beta=150.\n", + "IE=10\n", + "alpha=beta/(beta+1)\n", + "print \"The common-base current gain, alpha = beta / (beta + 1) =%0.4f\"%alpha\n", + "print \"Also, alpha = IC / IE\"\n", + "IC=alpha*IE\n", + "print \"Therefore, IC = %0.2f mA\"%IC\n", + "print \"the emitter current, IE = IB + IC\"\n", + "IB=IE-IC\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB =%0.2f mA\"%IB" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 160 Example 6.8." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that (beta), beta = 170 = IC / IB\n", + "Therefore, IB =0.47 mA\n", + "and IE = IB + IC =80.47 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "beta=170.\n", + "IC=80\n", + "print \"We know that (beta), beta = 170 = IC / IB\"\n", + "IB=IC/beta\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB =%0.2f mA\"%IB\n", + "IE=IB+IC\n", + "print \"and IE = IB + IC =%0.2f mA\"%IE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 161 Example 6.9." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta = 200 = IC / IB\n", + "Therefore, IC = 25.00 mA\n", + "and IE = IB + IC =25.12 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IB=0.125\n", + "beta=200\n", + "print \"beta = 200 = IC / IB\"\n", + "IC=beta*IB\n", + "print \"Therefore, IC = %0.2f mA\"%IC\n", + "IE=IB+IC\n", + "print \"and IE = IB + IC =%0.2f mA\"%IE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 162 Example 6.10" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that base current, IB = IE / (1 + beta) =0.12 mA\n", + "and collector current, IC = IE - IB =11.88 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IE=12.\n", + "beta=100\n", + "IB=IE/(1+beta)\n", + "print \"We know that base current, IB = IE / (1 + beta) =%0.2f mA\"%IB\n", + "IC=IE-IB\n", + "print \"and collector current, IC = IE - IB =%0.2f mA\"%IC" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 162 Example 6.11" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) To find beta of the transistor \n", + "beta = IC / IB = 20.0000\n", + "(b) To find alpha of the transistor\n", + "alpha = beta / (1+beta) = 0.9524\n", + "(c) To find emitter current, IE\n", + "IE = IB + IC = 2.10 mA\n", + "(d) To find the new value of beta when delta_IB = 25uA and delta_IC = 0.6mA\n", + "Therefore, IB = 125.00 uA\n", + " IC = 2.60 mA\n", + "New value of beta of the transistor,\n", + "beta = IC / IB =20.8000\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IB=100*10**-6\n", + "IC=2*10**-3\n", + "beta=IC/IB\n", + "print \"(a) To find beta of the transistor \"\n", + "print \"beta = IC / IB = %0.4f\"%beta\n", + "alpha=beta/(beta+1)\n", + "print \"(b) To find alpha of the transistor\"\n", + "print \"alpha = beta / (1+beta) = %0.4f\"%alpha\n", + "IE=IB+IC\n", + "IE1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"(c) To find emitter current, IE\"\n", + "print \"IE = IB + IC = %0.2f mA\"%IE1\n", + "# answer in the textbook is wrong\n", + "print \"(d) To find the new value of beta when delta_IB = 25uA and delta_IC = 0.6mA\"\n", + "delta_IB=25*10**-6\n", + "delta_IC=0.6*10**-3\n", + "IB1=IB+delta_IB\n", + "IB11=IB1*10**6\n", + "IC1=IC+delta_IC\n", + "IC11=IC1*10**3\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB = %0.2f uA\"%IB11\n", + "print \" IC = %0.2f mA\"%IC11\n", + "beta1=IC1/IB1\n", + "print \"New value of beta of the transistor,\"\n", + "print \"beta = IC / IB =%0.4f\"%beta1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 163 Example 6.12." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The collector current is, IC = ((alpha*IB)/(1-alpha))+(ICO/(1-alpha)) = 5.15 mA\n", + "The emitter current is, IE = IB + IC =5.25 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "alpha=0.98\n", + "ICO=5*10**-6\n", + "ICBO=ICO\n", + "IB=100*10**-6\n", + "IC=((alpha*IB)/(1-alpha))+(ICO/(1-alpha))\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"The collector current is, IC = ((alpha*IB)/(1-alpha))+(ICO/(1-alpha)) = %0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "IE=IB+IC\n", + "IE1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"The emitter current is, IE = IB + IC =%0.2f mA\"%IE1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 164 Example 6.13." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) To find the value of collector current when IB = 0.25mA\n", + "IC = (beta*IB) + ((1+beta)*ICBO) = 13.01 mA\n", + "(b) To find the value of new collector current if temperature rises to 50 C\n", + "I''CBO(beta=50) = ICBO*(2**((T2-T1)/10)) =49.25 uA\n", + "Therefore, the collector current at 50 C is\n", + "IC = (beta*IB) + ((1+beta)*I''CBO) =15.01 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ICBO=10*10**-6\n", + "hFE=50\n", + "beta=hFE\n", + "IB=0.25*10**-3\n", + "IC=(beta*IB)+((1+beta)*ICBO)\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"(a) To find the value of collector current when IB = 0.25mA\"\n", + "print \"IC = (beta*IB) + ((1+beta)*ICBO) = %0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "T1=27.\n", + "T2=50.\n", + "I_CBO = ICBO * (2**((T2-T1)/10))\n", + "I_CBO1=I_CBO*10**6\n", + "print \"(b) To find the value of new collector current if temperature rises to 50 C\"\n", + "print \"I''CBO(beta=50) = ICBO*(2**((T2-T1)/10)) =%0.2f uA\"%I_CBO1\n", + "IC2=(beta*IB)+((1+beta)*I_CBO)\n", + "IC3=IC2*10**3\n", + "print \"Therefore, the collector current at 50 C is\"\n", + "print \"IC = (beta*IB) + ((1+beta)*I''CBO) =%0.2f mA\"%IC3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 165 Example 6.14." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The current gain of the transistor is alpha = delta_IC/delta_IE = 0.9900\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "delta_IC=0.99*10**-3\n", + "delta_IE=1*10**-3\n", + "alpha=delta_IC/delta_IE\n", + "print \"The current gain of the transistor is alpha = delta_IC/delta_IE = %0.4f\"%alpha" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 165 Example 6.15" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The d.c. current gain of the transistor in CB mode is, alpha_dc = beta_dc/(1+beta_dc) =0.99\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "beta_dc=100.\n", + "alpha_dc=beta_dc/(1+beta_dc)\n", + "print \"The d.c. current gain of the transistor in CB mode is, alpha_dc = beta_dc/(1+beta_dc) =%0.2f\"%alpha_dc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 165 Example 6.16." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Common base current gain is, alpha = delta_IC/delta_IE =0.99\n", + "Common-emitter current gain is beta = alpha / (1-alpha) =199.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "delta_IC=0.995*10**-3\n", + "delta_IE=1*10**-3\n", + "alpha=delta_IC/delta_IE\n", + "print \"Common base current gain is, alpha = delta_IC/delta_IE =%0.2f\"%alpha\n", + "beta=alpha/(1-alpha)\n", + "print \"Common-emitter current gain is beta = alpha / (1-alpha) =%0.2f\"%beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 166 Example 6.17." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that, alpha = beta/(1+beta)\n", + "Therefore, the common base current gain is, alpha =0.98\n", + "We also know that, alpha = IC / IE\n", + "Therefore, IC = alpha * IE = 2.94 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "beta=49.\n", + "alpha=beta/(1+beta)\n", + "print \"We know that, alpha = beta/(1+beta)\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, the common base current gain is, alpha =%0.2f\"%alpha\n", + "print \"We also know that, alpha = IC / IE\"\n", + "IE=3*10**-3\n", + "IC=alpha*IE\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"Therefore, IC = alpha * IE = %0.2f mA\"%IC1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 166 Example 6.18." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The collector current, IC(mA) = beta * IB =2.25 mA\n", + "The emitter current, IE(mA) = IC + IB =2.26 mA\n", + "Common-base current gain, alpha = beta/(1+beta) = 0.99\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IB=15*10**-6\n", + "beta=150.\n", + "IC=beta*IB\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"The collector current, IC(mA) = beta * IB =%0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "IE=IC+IB\n", + "IE1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"The emitter current, IE(mA) = IC + IB =%0.2f mA\"%IE1\n", + "alpha=beta/(1+beta)\n", + "print \"Common-base current gain, alpha = beta/(1+beta) = %0.2f\"%alpha" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 167 Example 6.19." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 34, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Referring to fig.6.18, the base current is,\n", + "IB = (VBB - VBE) / RB =16.50 uA\n", + "The collector current is, IC = beta*IB =3.30 mA\n", + "The emitter current is, IE = IC + IB =3.32 mA\n", + "Therefore, VCE = VCC - IC*RC =3.40 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"Referring to fig.6.18, the base current is,\"\n", + "VBB=4\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "RB=200*10**3\n", + "IB=(VBB-VBE)/RB\n", + "IB1=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"IB = (VBB - VBE) / RB =%0.2f uA\"%IB1\n", + "beta=200\n", + "IC=beta*IB\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"The collector current is, IC = beta*IB =%0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "IE=IC+IB\n", + "IE1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"The emitter current is, IE = IC + IB =%0.2f mA\"%IE1\n", + "VCC=10\n", + "RC=2*10**3\n", + "VCE=VCC-(IC*RC)\n", + "print \"Therefore, VCE = VCC - IC*RC =%0.2f V\"%VCE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 167 Example 6.20." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 35, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "2.48 IC = ((alpha_dc*IB)/(1-alpha_dc)) + (ICBO/(1-alpha_dc)) =2.48 mA\n", + "Therefore, IE = IB + IC =2.50 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "alpha_dc=0.99\n", + "ICBO=5*10**-6\n", + "IB=20*10**-6\n", + "IC=((alpha_dc*IB)/(1-alpha_dc))+(ICBO/(1-alpha_dc))\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print IC1,\"IC = ((alpha_dc*IB)/(1-alpha_dc)) + (ICBO/(1-alpha_dc)) =%0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "IE=IB+IC\n", + "IE1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"Therefore, IE = IB + IC =%0.2f mA\"%IE1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 168 Example 6.21." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 37, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The leakage current ICBO = 0.2 uA\n", + " ICEO = 18 uA\n", + "Assume that IB = 30 mA\n", + "IE = IB + IC\n", + "IC = IE - IB = (beta*IB)+((1+beta)*ICBO)\n", + "We know that, ICEO = ICBO/(1-alpha) = (1+beta)*ICBO\n", + "beta = (ICEO / ICBO)-1 =89.00\n", + "IC = (beta*IB) + ((1+beta)*ICBO) =2.67 A\n", + "alpha_dc = 1 - (ICBO / ICEO) =0.99\n", + "beta_dc = (IC-ICBO) / (IB-ICEO) =89.05\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ICBO=0.2*10**-6\n", + "ICEO=18*10**-6\n", + "IB=30*10**-3\n", + "print \"The leakage current ICBO = 0.2 uA\"\n", + "print \" ICEO = 18 uA\"\n", + "print \"Assume that IB = 30 mA\"\n", + "print \"IE = IB + IC\"\n", + "print \"IC = IE - IB = (beta*IB)+((1+beta)*ICBO)\"\n", + "print \"We know that, ICEO = ICBO/(1-alpha) = (1+beta)*ICBO\"\n", + "beta=(ICEO/ICBO)-1\n", + "print \"beta = (ICEO / ICBO)-1 =%0.2f\"%beta\n", + "IC=(beta*IB)+((1+beta)*ICBO)\n", + "print \"IC = (beta*IB) + ((1+beta)*ICBO) =%0.2f A\"%IC\n", + "alpha_dc=1-(ICBO/ICEO)\n", + "print \"alpha_dc = 1 - (ICBO / ICEO) =%0.2f\"%alpha_dc\n", + "beta_dc=(IC-ICBO)/(IB-ICEO)\n", + "print \"beta_dc = (IC-ICBO) / (IB-ICEO) =%0.2f\"%beta_dc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 168 Example 6.22." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 39, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Assume that, IB = 1 mA\n", + "IC = ((alpha_dc*IB) / (1-alpha_dc)) + (ICBO/(1-alpha_dc)) = 104.00 mA\n", + "IE = IC + IB = 105.00 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "alpha_dc=0.99\n", + "ICBO=50*10**-6\n", + "IB=1*10**-3\n", + "IC=((alpha_dc*IB)/(1-alpha_dc))+(ICBO/(1-alpha_dc))\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"Assume that, IB = 1 mA\"\n", + "print \"IC = ((alpha_dc*IB) / (1-alpha_dc)) + (ICBO/(1-alpha_dc)) = %0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "IE=IC+IB\n", + "IE1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"IE = IC + IB = %0.2f mA\"%IE1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 169 Example 6.23." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 43, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) DC load line:\n", + "Maximum VCE = VCC = 24V\n", + "Maximum IC = VCC / RC = 0.00 mA\n", + "(ii) For fixing the optimum operating point Q, mark the middle of the d.c. load line AB and the corresponding VCE and IC values can be found\n", + "Here, VCEQ(V) = VCC / 2 = 12.00 V\n", + " ICQ = 1.5 mA\n", + "\n", + "(iii) AC load line\n", + "AC load, R_a.c. = RC || RL = 6.00 kohm\n", + "Therefore, maximum VCE(V) = VCEQ + ICQ*R_a.c. = 21.00 \n", + "This locates the point D(OD = 21V) on the VCE axis\n", + "Maximum IC = ICQ + VCEQ/R_a.c. = 1.50 mA\n", + "This locates the point C(OC = 3.5mA) on the IC axis. By joining points C and D a.c. load line CD is constructed. \n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1e72637b90>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show,legend\n", + "print \"(i) DC load line:\"\n", + "print \"Maximum VCE = VCC = 24V\"\n", + "IC=24/(8*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "x1=IC*10**3 #in mA\n", + "print \"Maximum IC = VCC / RC = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "print \"(ii) For fixing the optimum operating point Q, mark the middle of the d.c. load line AB and the corresponding VCE and IC values can be found\"\n", + "VCEQ=24./2\n", + "print \"Here, VCEQ(V) = VCC / 2 = %0.2f V\"%VCEQ #in volts\n", + "print \" ICQ = 1.5 mA\"\n", + "print \"\"\n", + "print \"(iii) AC load line\"\n", + "Rac=(8*24.)/(8+24) #in k-ohm\n", + "print \"AC load, R_a.c. = RC || RL = %0.2f kohm\"%Rac\n", + "VCE=12+((1.5*10**-3)*(6*10**3)) #in Volts\n", + "print \"Therefore, maximum VCE(V) = VCEQ + ICQ*R_a.c. = %0.2f \"%VCE\n", + "print \"This locates the point D(OD = 21V) on the VCE axis\"\n", + "IC=(1.5*10**-3)+(12/(6*10**3)) #in Ampere\n", + "x3=IC*10**3 #in mA\n", + "print \"Maximum IC = ICQ + VCEQ/R_a.c. = %0.2f mA\"%x3\n", + "print \"This locates the point C(OC = 3.5mA) on the IC axis. By joining points C and D a.c. load line CD is constructed. \"\n", + "x=[24,0]\n", + "y=[0,3]\n", + "plot(x,y)\n", + "x1=[21,0]\n", + "y1=[0,3.5]\n", + "plot(x1,y1)\n", + "title(\"Fig.6.22(b)\")\n", + "xlabel(\"VCE(V)\")\n", + "ylabel(\"IC(mA)\")\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 170 Example 6.24." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 45, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) DC load line:\n", + "Maximum VCE = VCC = 12V, which locates the point B(OB = 12V) of the d.c. load line\n", + "Maximum IC = VCC / (RC+RE) = 0.00 mA\n", + "(ii) Operating point Q\n", + "Therefore, V2 = 0.00 V\n", + " V2 = VBE + IE*RE\n", + "Therefore, IE = V2-VBE / RE = 3.30 mA\n", + " IC = IE =3.30 mA\n", + "VCE = VCC - IC(RC+RE) = 5.40 V\n", + "(iii) AC load line\n", + "AC load, Ra.c.(k-ohm) = RC || RL = 0.60 kohm\n", + "Therefore, maximum VCE = VCEQ + ICQ*Ra.c. = 7.38 V\n", + "Maximum IC(mA) = ICQ + VCEQ/Ra.c. = 12.30 mA\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1e723cb6d0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show,legend\n", + "print \"(i) DC load line:\"\n", + "print \"Maximum VCE = VCC = 12V, which locates the point B(OB = 12V) of the d.c. load line\"\n", + "IC=12/(2*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "x1=IC*10**3 #in mA\n", + "print \"Maximum IC = VCC / (RC+RE) = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "\n", + "print \"(ii) Operating point Q\"\n", + "V2=((4*10**3)/(12*10**3))*12 #in V\n", + "print \"Therefore, V2 = %0.2f V\"%V2\n", + "print \" V2 = VBE + IE*RE\"\n", + "IE=(4-0.7)/(1*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "x2=IE*10**3 #in mA\n", + "print \"Therefore, IE = V2-VBE / RE = %0.2f mA\"%x2\n", + "IC=x2 #in mA\n", + "print \" IC = IE =%0.2f mA\"%IC\n", + "VCE=12-((3.3*10**-3)*(2*10**3)) #in volts\n", + "print \"VCE = VCC - IC(RC+RE) = %0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"(iii) AC load line\"\n", + "Rac=1.5/2.5 #in k-ohm\n", + "print \"AC load, Ra.c.(k-ohm) = RC || RL = %0.2f kohm\"%Rac\n", + "VCE=5.4+((3.3*10**-3)*(0.6*10**3)) #in Volts\n", + "print \"Therefore, maximum VCE = VCEQ + ICQ*Ra.c. = %0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "IC=(3.3*10**-3)+(5.4/(0.6*10**3)) #in Ampere\n", + "x3=IC*10**3 #in mA\n", + "print \"Maximum IC(mA) = ICQ + VCEQ/Ra.c. = %0.2f mA\"%x3\n", + "x=[7.38,0]\n", + "y=[0,12.3]\n", + "plot(x,y)\n", + "x1=[12,0]\n", + "y1=[0,6]\n", + "plot(x1,y1)\n", + "title(\"Fig.6.23(b)\")\n", + "xlabel(\"VCE(V) -->\")\n", + "ylabel(\"IC(mA) -->\")\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 171 Example 6.25." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 49, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The collector resistance is, RC = (VCC - VCEQ) / ICQ =4.00 kohm\n", + "The base current is, IBQ = ICQ / beta =10.00 uA\n", + "The base resistance is, RB = (VCC - VBE(on)) / IBQ =0.93 Mohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "ICQ=1*10**-3\n", + "VCEQ=6.\n", + "VCC=10.\n", + "beta=100.\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "RC=(VCC-VCEQ)/ICQ\n", + "RC1=RC*10**-3\n", + "RC2=round(RC1)\n", + "print \"The collector resistance is, RC = (VCC - VCEQ) / ICQ =%0.2f kohm\"%RC2\n", + "IBQ=ICQ/beta\n", + "IBQ1=IBQ*10**6\n", + "print \"The base current is, IBQ = ICQ / beta =%0.2f uA\"%IBQ1\n", + "RB=(VCC-VBE)/IBQ\n", + "RB1=RB*10**-6\n", + "print \"The base resistance is, RB = (VCC - VBE(on)) / IBQ =%0.2f Mohm\"%RB1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 171 Example 6.26." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 50, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VBB = IB*RB + VBE(on) + IE*RE\n", + "Also, IE = IB + IC = IB + beta*IB = (1 + beta)*IB\n", + "The base current, IB = (VBB - VBE(on)) / (RB + ((1+beta)*RE)) =53.35 uA\n", + "Therefore, IC = beta*IB =5.33 mA\n", + "IE = IC + IB = 5.39 mA\n", + "VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) - (IE*RE) =4.63 V\n", + "The Q point is at\n", + "VCEQ = 4.63 V\n", + "and ICQ(mA) = 5.33 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "beta=100\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "VCC=10\n", + "RB=20*10**3\n", + "RC=0.4*10**3\n", + "RE=0.6*10**3\n", + "VBB=5\n", + "print \"VBB = IB*RB + VBE(on) + IE*RE\"\n", + "print \"Also, IE = IB + IC = IB + beta*IB = (1 + beta)*IB\"\n", + "IB=(VBB-VBE)/(RB+((1+beta)*RE))\n", + "IB1=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"The base current, IB = (VBB - VBE(on)) / (RB + ((1+beta)*RE)) =%0.2f uA\"%IB1\n", + "IC=beta*IB\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"Therefore, IC = beta*IB =%0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "IE=IC+IB\n", + "IE1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"IE = IC + IB = %0.2f mA\"%IE1\n", + "VCE=VCC-(IC*RC)-(IE*RE)\n", + "print \"VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) - (IE*RE) =%0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"The Q point is at\"\n", + "print \"VCEQ = %0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"and ICQ(mA) = %0.2f mA\"%IC1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 172 Example 6.27. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 54, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) DC load line:\n", + "When VCE = 0, IC = VCC/RC = 0.00 mA\n", + "\n", + "(ii) Operating point Q:\n", + "Therefore, IB = VCC-VBE / RB = 10.00 uA\n", + "Therefore, IC(mA) = beta*IB = 1.00 mA\n", + " VCE = VCC - IC*RC = 03 V\n", + "Therefore operating point is VCEQ = 3 V and ICQ = 1 mA\n", + "\n", + "(iii) Stability factor: S = 1 + beta = 1 + 100 = 101\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1e72288a10>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show,legend\n", + "print \"(i) DC load line:\"\n", + "IC=6/(3*10**3) #in Ampere\n", + "x1=IC*10**3 #in mA\n", + "print \"When VCE = 0, IC = VCC/RC = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "print \"\"\n", + "print \"(ii) Operating point Q:\"\n", + "IB=(6-0.7)/(530*10**3)\n", + "x2=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB = VCC-VBE / RB = %0.2f uA\"%x2\n", + "IC=100*10*10**-6 # in Ampere\n", + "x3=IC*10**3 # in mA\n", + "print \"Therefore, IC(mA) = beta*IB = %0.2f mA\"%x3\n", + "VCE=6-((1*10**-3)*(3*10**3)) # in volts\n", + "print \" VCE = VCC - IC*RC = %02.f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"Therefore operating point is VCEQ = 3 V and ICQ = 1 mA\"\n", + "print \"\"\n", + "print \"(iii) Stability factor: S = 1 + beta = 1 + 100 = 101\"\n", + "x=[6,0]\n", + "y=[0,2]\n", + "plot(x,y)\n", + "title(\"DC load line\")\n", + "xlabel(\"VCE (V) --->\")\n", + "ylabel(\"IC (mA) --->\")\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 172 Example 6.28." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 55, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) To determine RB :\n", + "RC = (VCC - VCE) / IC =5.00 kohm\n", + "IB = IC / beta = 10.00 uA\n", + "RB = (VCC - VBE - (IC*RC)) / IB = 630.00 kohm\n", + "(b) Stability factor, S =(1 + beta) / (1 + (beta*(RC / (RC+RB)))) =56.51\n", + "(c) VCC = (beta*IB*RC) + (IB*RB) + VBE\n", + " = IB * ((beta*RC) + RB) + VBE\n", + "IB = (VCC-VBE) / ((beta*RC)+RB) =12.84 uA\n", + "IC = beta*IB =0.64 mA\n", + "VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) =8.79 V\n", + "Therefore the coordinates of new operating point are :\n", + "VCEQ(V) =8.79 V\n", + "ICQ =0.64 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VCC=12.\n", + "beta=100.\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "print \"(a) To determine RB :\"\n", + "VCE=7\n", + "IC=1*10**-3\n", + "RC=(VCC-VCE)/IC\n", + "RC1=RC*10**-3\n", + "print \"RC = (VCC - VCE) / IC =%0.2f kohm\"%RC1\n", + "IB=IC/beta\n", + "IB1=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"IB = IC / beta = %0.2f uA\"%IB1\n", + "RB=(VCC-VBE-(IC*RC))/IB\n", + "RB1=RB*10**-3\n", + "print \"RB = (VCC - VBE - (IC*RC)) / IB = %0.2f kohm\"%RB1\n", + "S=(1+beta)/(1+(beta*(RC/(RC+RB))))\n", + "print \"(b) Stability factor, S =(1 + beta) / (1 + (beta*(RC / (RC+RB)))) =%0.2f\"%S\n", + "beta1=50\n", + "print \"(c) VCC = (beta*IB*RC) + (IB*RB) + VBE\"\n", + "print \" = IB * ((beta*RC) + RB) + VBE\"\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/((beta1*RC)+RB)\n", + "IB1=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"IB = (VCC-VBE) / ((beta*RC)+RB) =%0.2f uA\"%IB1\n", + "IC=beta1*IB\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"IC = beta*IB =%0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "VCE=VCC-(IC*RC)\n", + "print \"VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) =%0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"Therefore the coordinates of new operating point are :\"\n", + "print \"VCEQ(V) =%0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"ICQ =%0.2f mA\"%IC1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 173 Example 6.29." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 56, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RB = VCEQ / IB =32.00 kohm\n", + "Stability factor, S = (1+beta) / 1 + (beta*(RC/RC+RB)) =56.90\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VCC=12.\n", + "RC=250.\n", + "IB=0.25*10**-3\n", + "beta=100.\n", + "VCEQ=8.\n", + "RB=VCEQ/IB\n", + "RB1=RB*10**-3\n", + "print \"RB = VCEQ / IB =%0.2f kohm\"%RB1\n", + "S=(1+beta)/(1+(beta*(RC/(RC+RB))))\n", + "print \"Stability factor, S = (1+beta) / 1 + (beta*(RC/RC+RB)) =%0.2f\"%S" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 173 Example 6.30." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 59, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "For a germanium transistor, VBE=0.3V. As alpha=0.985\n", + "beta = alpha / ( 1 - alpha) =66.00\n", + "(a) To find the coordinates of the operating point\n", + "Referring to fig. 6.29,\n", + "Thevenin voltage, VT = (R2 / (R1+R2)) * VCC =0.00 V\n", + "Thevenin resistance, RB = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2) = 14.74 kohm\n", + "Therefore, IC =-0.13 mA\n", + "Since IB is very small, IC ~ IE = 1.73 mA\n", + "Therefore, VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) - (IE*RE) =16.67 V\n", + "Therefore, the coordinates of the operating point are :\n", + "IC = -0.13 mA\n", + "VCE =16.67 V\n", + "(b) To find the stability factor S\n", + "S =7.24\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VCC=16\n", + "RC=3*10**3\n", + "RE=2*10**3\n", + "R1=56*10**3\n", + "R2=20*10**3\n", + "alpha=0.985\n", + "VBE=0.3\n", + "print \"For a germanium transistor, VBE=0.3V. As alpha=0.985\"\n", + "beta=alpha/(1-alpha)\n", + "beta1=round(beta)\n", + "print \"beta = alpha / ( 1 - alpha) =%0.2f\"%beta1\n", + "print \"(a) To find the coordinates of the operating point\"\n", + "print \"Referring to fig. 6.29,\"\n", + "VT=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC\n", + "print \"Thevenin voltage, VT = (R2 / (R1+R2)) * VCC =%0.2f V\"%VT\n", + "RB=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "RB1=RB*10**-3\n", + "print \"Thevenin resistance, RB = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2) = %0.2f kohm\"%RB1\n", + "IC=(VT-VBE)/((RB/beta)+(RE/beta)+RE)\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"Therefore, IC =%0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "print \"Since IB is very small, IC ~ IE = 1.73 mA\"\n", + "IE=IC\n", + "VCE=VCC-(IC*RC)-(IE*RE)\n", + "print \"Therefore, VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) - (IE*RE) =%0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"Therefore, the coordinates of the operating point are :\"\n", + "print \"IC = %0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "print \"VCE =%0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"(b) To find the stability factor S\"\n", + "S = (1+beta)*((1+(RB/RE))/(1+beta+(RB/RE)))\n", + "print \"S =%0.2f\"%S" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 174 Example 6.31." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 60, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a) To determine RE,\n", + "VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) - (IE*RE)\n", + "Therefore, RE = 1.30 kohm\n", + "(b) To determine R1 and R2,\n", + "Therefore, RB(k-ohm) = ((RE*beta) / (((1+beta)/S)-1)) - RE = 5.92 kohm\n", + "Therefore, R2 = 6.50 kohm\n", + "Therefore, R1 = R2 / ((R2/RB)-1)= 64.00 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VCE=12\n", + "IC=2*10**-3\n", + "VCC=24\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "beta=50\n", + "RC=4.7*10**3\n", + "S=5.1\n", + "print \"(a) To determine RE,\"\n", + "print \"VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) - (IE*RE)\"\n", + "RE = (VCC - (IC*RC) - VCE)/IC #IC=IE\n", + "RE1=RE*10**-3\n", + "print \"Therefore, RE = %0.2f kohm\"%RE1\n", + "\n", + "print \"(b) To determine R1 and R2,\"\n", + "RB=((RE*beta)/(((1+beta)/S)-1))-RE\n", + "RB1=(RB*10**-3)\n", + "print \"Therefore, RB(k-ohm) = ((RE*beta) / (((1+beta)/S)-1)) - RE = %0.2f kohm\"%RB1\n", + "R2=0.1*beta*RE\n", + "R2_1=R2*10**-3\n", + "print \"Therefore, R2 = %0.2f kohm\"%R2_1\n", + "R1=(5.9*10**3*R2)/(R2-(5.9*10**3)) #RB=5.9\n", + "R1_1=round(R1*10**-3)\n", + "print \"Therefore, R1 = R2 / ((R2/RB)-1)= %0.2f kohm\"%R1_1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 174 Example 6.32." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 61, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "RTH = R1 || R2 = 10.00 kohm\n", + "VTH = (R2 / (R1+R2)) * VCC = 1.79 V\n", + "IBQ = (VTH-VBE(on)) / (RTH + ((1+beta)*RE)) =15.46 uA\n", + "Therefore, ICQ = beta * IBQ =2.32 mA\n", + "IEQ = IBQ + ICQ = 2.33 mA\n", + "VCEQ = VCC - (ICQ*RC) - (IEQ*RE) = 4.43 V\n", + "The Q point is at :\n", + "VCEQ = 4.43 V\n", + "ICQ = 2.32 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "R1=56*10**3\n", + "R2=12.2*10**3\n", + "RC=2*10**3\n", + "RE=400\n", + "VCC=10\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "beta=150\n", + "RTH=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "RTH1=round(RTH*10**-3)\n", + "print \"RTH = R1 || R2 = %0.2f kohm\"%RTH1\n", + "VTH=(R2/(R1+R2))*VCC\n", + "print \"VTH = (R2 / (R1+R2)) * VCC = %0.2f V\"%VTH\n", + "IBQ=(VTH-VBE)/(RTH+((1+beta)*RE))\n", + "IBQ1=IBQ*10**6\n", + "print \"IBQ = (VTH-VBE(on)) / (RTH + ((1+beta)*RE)) =%0.2f uA\"%IBQ1\n", + "ICQ=beta*IBQ\n", + "ICQ1=ICQ*10**3\n", + "print \"Therefore, ICQ = beta * IBQ =%0.2f mA\"%ICQ1\n", + "IEQ=IBQ+ICQ\n", + "IEQ1=IEQ*10**3\n", + "print \"IEQ = IBQ + ICQ = %0.2f mA\"%IEQ1\n", + "VCEQ=VCC-(ICQ*RC)-(IEQ*RE)\n", + "print \"VCEQ = VCC - (ICQ*RC) - (IEQ*RE) = %0.2f V\"%VCEQ\n", + "print \"The Q point is at :\"\n", + "print \"VCEQ = %0.2f V\"%VCEQ\n", + "print \"ICQ = %0.2f mA\"%ICQ1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 174 Example 6.33. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 64, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IB = 128.90 uA\n", + "IC = 7.73 mA \n", + "VCE = 5.75 V\n", + "To find stability factor, (S):\n", + "Stability factor for voltage divider bias is\n", + "S =(1+beta)/(1+(beta*(RE/(RE+RB)))) = where RB = R1 || R2 = 61\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VCC=22\n", + "RC=2*10**3\n", + "beta=60\n", + "VBE=0.6\n", + "R1=100*10**3\n", + "R2=5*10**3\n", + "RE=100\n", + "a=VCC-VBE-((R1*VCC)/(R1+R2))\n", + "c=(((R1*R2)/(R1+R2))+((1+beta)*RE))\n", + "IB=a/c\n", + "IB1=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"IB = %0.2f uA\"%IB1\n", + "IC=beta*IB\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"IC = %0.2f mA \"%IC1\n", + "VCE = VCC - (IC*RC) - ((1+beta)*IB*RE)\n", + "print \"VCE = %0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"To find stability factor, (S):\"\n", + "print \"Stability factor for voltage divider bias is\"\n", + "RB=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "S=(1+beta)/(1+(beta*(RE/(RE+RB))))\n", + "print \"S =(1+beta)/(1+(beta*(RE/(RE+RB)))) = where RB = R1 || R2 = %0.f\"%S" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 175 Example 6.34." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 68, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IB = 46.50 uA\n", + "Hence, IC = beta * IB =2.33 mA\n", + "VCE = VCC - IC*RC = 5.35 V\n", + "Therefore,the co-ordinates of the new operating point are:\n", + "VCEQ = 5.35 V\n", + "ICQ = 2.33 mA\n", + "To find the stability factor S\n", + "S = (1+beta) / (1 + (beta*[RC/(RC+RB)])) =51.00\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VCC=10\n", + "RC=2*10**3\n", + "beta=50\n", + "RB=100*10**3\n", + "VBE=0.7 #collector to base resistor\n", + "IB=(VCC-VBE)/(RB+(beta*RC))\n", + "IB1=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"IB = %0.2f uA\"%IB1\n", + "IC=beta*IB\n", + "IC1=IC*10**3\n", + "print \"Hence, IC = beta * IB =%0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "VCE=VCC-(IC*RC)\n", + "print \"VCE = VCC - IC*RC = %0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"Therefore,the co-ordinates of the new operating point are:\"\n", + "print \"VCEQ = %0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "print \"ICQ = %0.2f mA\"%IC1\n", + "print \"To find the stability factor S\"\n", + "S=(1+beta)/(1+(beta*(RC/(RC+RB))))\n", + "print \"S = (1+beta) / (1 + (beta*[RC/(RC+RB)])) =%0.2f\"%S" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch7_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch7_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6c83db1c --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch7_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,502 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-7: Field Effect Transistor " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 180 Example 7.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VGS = 12 V, IG = 10**-9 A\n", + "Therefore, gate-to-source resistance = VGS / IG =12000.00 Mohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VGS=12.\n", + "IG=10**-9\n", + "GSR=VGS/IG\n", + "GSR1=GSR*10**-6\n", + "print \"VGS = 12 V, IG = 10**-9 A\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, gate-to-source resistance = VGS / IG =%0.2f Mohm\"%GSR1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 181 Example 7.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "delta_VGS = 4 - 3.9 = 0.1 V\n", + "delta_ID = 1.6 - 1.3 = 0.3 mA\n", + "Therefore, transconductance, gm = delta_ID / delta_VGS =3.00 m-mho\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "delta_VGS=0.1\n", + "delta_ID=0.3*10**-3\n", + "print \"delta_VGS = 4 - 3.9 = 0.1 V\"\n", + "print \"delta_ID = 1.6 - 1.3 = 0.3 mA\"\n", + "gm=delta_ID/delta_VGS\n", + "gm1=gm*10**3\n", + "print \"Therefore, transconductance, gm = delta_ID / delta_VGS =%0.2f m-mho\"%gm1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 184 Example 7.3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ID = IDSS*[1 - (VGS/VGS_off)]**2\n", + "Therefore, VGS =-6.00 V\n", + "VP = |VGS_off| = 6.00 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "VGSoff=-6\n", + "IDSS=8\n", + "ID=4\n", + "print \"ID = IDSS*[1 - (VGS/VGS_off)]**2\"\n", + "VGS=(1-sqrt(ID/IDSS))*VGSoff\n", + "print \"Therefore, VGS =%0.2f V\"%VGS\n", + "VP=abs(VGSoff)\n", + "print \"VP = |VGS_off| = %0.2f V\"%VP" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 184 Example 7.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The minimum value of VDS for pinch-off to occur for VGS = -2 V is\n", + "VDSmin = VGS - VP =3.00 V\n", + "IDS = IDSS * [1-(VGS/VP)]**2 =8.00 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VGS=-2\n", + "VP=-5\n", + "IDSS=8*10**-3\n", + "print \"The minimum value of VDS for pinch-off to occur for VGS = -2 V is\"\n", + "VDSmin=VGS-VP\n", + "print \"VDSmin = VGS - VP =%0.2f V\"%VDSmin\n", + "IDS=IDSS*(1-(VGS/VP))**2\n", + "IDS1=IDS*10**3\n", + "print \"IDS = IDSS * [1-(VGS/VP)]**2 =%0.2f mA\"%IDS1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 186 Example 7.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The value of drain current at Q-point,\n", + "IDQ = IDSS / 2 =5.00 mA\n", + "and the value of drain-to-source at Q-point,\n", + "VDSQ = VDD / 2 = 10.00 V\n", + "Therefore, the operating point is at:\n", + "VDS =10.00 V\n", + "ID(mA) =5.00 mA\n", + "Therefore, RD = 2.50 kohm\n", + "The source voltage or voltage across the source resistor RS is\n", + " VS = -VGS = -3 V\n", + "Also,VS = ID*RS \n", + "Therefore, RS = 750.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IDSS=10*10**-3\n", + "VGS=-3\n", + "ID=4*10**-3\n", + "VDD=20.\n", + "print \"The value of drain current at Q-point,\"\n", + "IDQ=IDSS/2\n", + "IDQ1=IDQ*10**3\n", + "print \"IDQ = IDSS / 2 =%0.2f mA\"%IDQ1\n", + "print \"and the value of drain-to-source at Q-point,\"\n", + "VDSQ=VDD/2.\n", + "print \"VDSQ = VDD / 2 = %0.2f V\"%VDSQ\n", + "print \"Therefore, the operating point is at:\"\n", + "print \"VDS =%0.2f V\"%VDSQ\n", + "print \"ID(mA) =%0.2f mA\"%IDQ1\n", + "RD=(VDD-VDSQ)/ID\n", + "RD1=RD*10**-3\n", + "print \"Therefore, RD = %0.2f kohm\"%RD1\n", + "print \"The source voltage or voltage across the source resistor RS is\"\n", + "VS=-VGS\n", + "print \" VS = -VGS = -3 V\"\n", + "print \"Also,VS = ID*RS \"\n", + "RS=VS/ID\n", + "print \"Therefore, RS = %0.2f ohm\"%RS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 186 Example 7.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that, ID = IDSS * [1 - (VGS/VP)]**2\n", + "Substituting the given values, we get\n", + " ID =40.00 mA\n", + "Therefore, RS = |VGSQ / ID| =125.00 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "IDSS=40*10**-3\n", + "VP=-10\n", + "VGSQ=-5\n", + "print \"We know that, ID = IDSS * [1 - (VGS/VP)]**2\"\n", + "print \"Substituting the given values, we get\"\n", + "ID = IDSS*(1-(VGSQ/VP))**2\n", + "ID1=ID*10**3\n", + "print \" ID =%0.2f mA\"%ID1\n", + "RS=abs(VGSQ/ID)\n", + "print \"Therefore, RS = |VGSQ / ID| =%0.2f ohm\"%RS" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 187 Example 7.7. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "From fig.7.13.,\n", + " VGG = VDD*(R2 / (R1+R2)) = 10.00 V\n", + "Therefore, ID=3.39 or 4.72 mA\n", + "As ID = 4.72mA > 4mA = IDSS, this value is inappropriate. So, IDQ=3.39 mA is selected.\n", + "Therefore,\n", + " VGSQ = VGG - (IDQ*RS) =-0.17 V\n", + "and VDSQ = VDD - (IDQ*(RD+RS)) =10.75 V\n", + "Then, VDGQ = VDSQ - VGSQ = 10.92 V\n", + "which is grater than |VP| = 2 V. Hence, the FET is in the pinch-off region.\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from sympy import symbols,solve\n", + "VDD=24.\n", + "R2=8.57*10**6\n", + "R1=12*10**6\n", + "VP=-2\n", + "IDSS=4*10**-3\n", + "RD=910.\n", + "RS=3*10**3\n", + "print \"From fig.7.13.,\"\n", + "VGG=round(VDD*(R2/(R1+R2)))\n", + "print \" VGG = VDD*(R2 / (R1+R2)) = %0.2f V\"%VGG\n", + "x=symbols('x')\n", + "p1=solve(9*x**2-73*x+144,x)\n", + "ans1=p1[0]\n", + "ans2=p1[1]\n", + "print \"Therefore, ID=%0.2f or %0.2f mA\"%(ans1,ans2)\n", + "print \"As ID = 4.72mA > 4mA = IDSS, this value is inappropriate. So, IDQ=3.39 mA is selected.\"\n", + "print \"Therefore,\"\n", + "IDQ=3.39*10**-3\n", + "VGSQ=VGG-(IDQ*RS)\n", + "print \" VGSQ = VGG - (IDQ*RS) =%0.2f V\"%VGSQ\n", + "VDSQ=VDD-(IDQ*(RD+RS))\n", + "print \"and VDSQ = VDD - (IDQ*(RD+RS)) =%0.2f V\"%VDSQ\n", + "VDGQ = VDSQ - VGSQ\n", + "print \"Then, VDGQ = VDSQ - VGSQ = %0.2f V\"%VDGQ\n", + "print \"which is grater than |VP| = 2 V. Hence, the FET is in the pinch-off region.\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 190 Example 7.8." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Assume that the JFET is biased in the saturation region. Then the dc drain current is given by\n", + " ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/VP))**2\n", + "Therefore, VGS = -1.03 V\n", + "The voltage at the source terminal is\n", + " VS = (ID*RS) - 5 = -2.50 V\n", + "The gate voltage is\n", + " VG = VGS + VS = -3.53 V\n", + "The gate voltage is\n", + " VG = ((R2 / (R1 + R2))*10) - 5\n", + "Therefore, R2 = 17.70 kohm\n", + "and R1(k-ohm) = 102.30 kohm\n", + "The drain-to-source voltage is\n", + "VDS = 5 - ID*RD - ID*RS - (-5)\n", + " RD = 0.50 kohm\n", + "VGS - VP = 2.47 \n", + "Here, since VDS > (VGS-VP), the JFET is biased in the saturation region, which satisfies the initial assumption\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "IDSS=10*10**-3\n", + "VP=-3.5\n", + "Rth=120*10**3 #R1+R2=120 k-ohm\n", + "ID=5*10**-3\n", + "VDS=5\n", + "RS=0.5*10**3\n", + "print \"Assume that the JFET is biased in the saturation region. Then the dc drain current is given by\"\n", + "print \" ID = IDSS*(1-(VGS/VP))**2\"\n", + "VGS=VP*(1-(sqrt(ID/IDSS)))\n", + "print \"Therefore, VGS = %0.2f V\"%VGS\n", + "# textbook answer is wrong\n", + "print \"The voltage at the source terminal is\"\n", + "VS=(ID*RS)-5\n", + "print \" VS = (ID*RS) - 5 = %0.2f V\"%VS\n", + "print \"The gate voltage is\"\n", + "VG=VGS+VS\n", + "print \" VG = VGS + VS = %0.2f V\"%VG\n", + "print \"The gate voltage is\"\n", + "print \" VG = ((R2 / (R1 + R2))*10) - 5\"\n", + "R2=(Rth*(VG+5))/10\n", + "R2_1=R2*10**-3\n", + "print \"Therefore, R2 = %0.2f kohm\"%R2_1\n", + "# textbook answer is wrong\n", + "R1=Rth-R2\n", + "R1_1=R1*10**-3\n", + "print \"and R1(k-ohm) = %0.2f kohm\"%R1_1\n", + "# textbook answer is wrong\n", + "print \"The drain-to-source voltage is\"\n", + "print \"VDS = 5 - ID*RD - ID*RS - (-5)\"\n", + "RD=(10-VDS-(ID*RS))/ID\n", + "RD1=RD*10**-3\n", + "print \" RD = %0.2f kohm\"%RD1\n", + "x=VGS-VP\n", + "print \"VGS - VP = %0.2f \"%x # textbook has taken a different value hence the wrong answer in textbook\n", + "print \"Here, since VDS > (VGS-VP), the JFET is biased in the saturation region, which satisfies the initial assumption\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 191 Example 7.9." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VGSt = 3.50 V\n", + "Therefore,\n", + " VDSt = VGSt - VTN = 2.00 V\n", + "Therefore, RD(k-ohm) = (VDD - VDSQ) / IDQ = 3.33 kohm\n", + "Then, IDQ = KN*(VGSQ-VTN)**2\n", + "Therefore, VGSQ = 2.72 V\n", + " R1 = 439.56 kohm\n", + " R2 = 129.45 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "KN=1*10**-3\n", + "lamda=0.01\n", + "Ri=100*10**3\n", + "IDt=4*10**-3\n", + "IDQ=1.5*10**-3\n", + "VTN=1.5\n", + "VDD=12.\n", + "VDSQ=7.\n", + "VGSt=sqrt(IDt/KN)+VTN\n", + "print \"VGSt = %0.2f V\"%VGSt\n", + "print \"Therefore,\"\n", + "VDSt=VGSt-VTN\n", + "print \" VDSt = VGSt - VTN = %0.2f V\"%VDSt\n", + "RD=(VDD-VDSQ)/IDQ\n", + "RD1=RD*10**-3\n", + "print \"Therefore, RD(k-ohm) = (VDD - VDSQ) / IDQ = %0.2f kohm\"%RD1\n", + "print \"Then, IDQ = KN*(VGSQ-VTN)**2\"\n", + "VGSQ=(sqrt(IDQ/KN))+VTN\n", + "print \"Therefore, VGSQ = %0.2f V\"%VGSQ\n", + "R1=1200/2.73\n", + "print \" R1 = %0.2f kohm\"%R1\n", + "R2=R1/((12/2.73)-1)\n", + "print \" R2 = %0.2f kohm\"%R2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 192 Example 7.10." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ID = 0.40 mA\n", + "The d.c. drain-to-source voltage is\n", + " VDS = VDD - ID*RS = 3.00 V\n", + "Then, VDSsat = VGS - VTN = 2.00 V\n", + "Since VDS > VDSsat, the MOSFET is biased in the saturation region\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "VTN=-2\n", + "KN=0.1*10**-3\n", + "VDD=5\n", + "RS=5*10**3\n", + "VGS=0\n", + "ID=KN*(-VTN)**2\n", + "ID1=ID*10**3\n", + "print \"ID = %0.2f mA\"%ID1\n", + "print \"The d.c. drain-to-source voltage is\"\n", + "VDS=VDD-(ID*RS)\n", + "print \" VDS = VDD - ID*RS = %0.2f V\"%VDS\n", + "VDSsat=VGS-VTN\n", + "print \"Then, VDSsat = VGS - VTN = %0.2f V\"%VDSsat\n", + "print \"Since VDS > VDSsat, the MOSFET is biased in the saturation region\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch8_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch8_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2b4eb01f --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch8_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-8 : Thyristors " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 210 Example 8.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We have,\n", + " V1 = Vm*sin(theta)\n", + "Therefore,\n", + " Firing angel, theta =0.01\n", + " Conduction angle = 180 - theta = 179.99\n", + "Average voltage, Vav = (Vm/2pi) * (1+cos(theta))\n", + " Vav = 70.03 V\n", + "Average current, Iav = Vav / RL =0.70 A\n", + "Power output = Vav*Iav = 49.04 W\n", + "The time during which the SCR remains OFF is\n", + " t = 1.67 ms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import asin,pi,cos\n", + "Vm=220.\n", + "V1=110.\n", + "RL=100.\n", + "print \"We have,\"\n", + "print \" V1 = Vm*sin(theta)\"\n", + "print \"Therefore,\"\n", + "x=asin(V1/Vm)*pi/180\n", + "print \" Firing angel, theta =%0.2f\"%x\n", + "ca=180-x\n", + "print \" Conduction angle = 180 - theta = %0.2f\"%ca\n", + "print \"Average voltage, Vav = (Vm/2pi) * (1+cos(theta))\"\n", + "Vav = (Vm/(2*pi))*(1+cos(x*pi/180))\n", + "print \" Vav = %0.2f V\"%Vav\n", + "Iav=Vav/RL\n", + "print \"Average current, Iav = Vav / RL =%0.2f A\"%Iav\n", + "po=Vav*Iav\n", + "print \"Power output = Vav*Iav = %0.2f W\"%po\n", + "print \"The time during which the SCR remains OFF is\"\n", + "t=1./(2*6*50)\n", + "t1=t*10**3\n", + "print \" t = %0.2f ms\"%t1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 211 Example 8.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "For an SCR full wave rectifier,\n", + " Vdc = (Vm/pi)*(1+cos(theta))\n", + "Therefore, theta =0.02\n", + "For 50Hz, T = 20 ms for 360\n", + "Therefore t = (20*10**3/360)*63.34 = 1.07e-03 ms\n", + "Load current, Iav = Vav / RL = 15.00 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt,pi,acos\n", + "Vdc=150.\n", + "Vm=230*sqrt(2)\n", + "RL=10.\n", + "print \"For an SCR full wave rectifier,\"\n", + "print \" Vdc = (Vm/pi)*(1+cos(theta))\"\n", + "x=acos(((Vdc*pi)/Vm)-1)*pi/180\n", + "print \"Therefore, theta =%0.2f\"%x\n", + "print \"For 50Hz, T = 20 ms for 360\"\n", + "t = (20./360)*x\n", + "print \"Therefore t = (20*10**3/360)*63.34 = %0.2e ms\"%t\n", + "Iav=Vdc/RL\n", + "print \"Load current, Iav = Vav / RL = %0.2f A\"%Iav" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 212 Example 8.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "As the supply voltage is 400 sin 314t, Vm = 400 V\n", + "Peak inverse voltage(PIV) = sqrt(3)*Vm =692.82 V\n", + "RMS value of current = 20 V\n", + "Average value of current, Iav = RMS value/form factor =18.00 A\n", + "Power rating of the SCR(kW) = PIV * Iav =12.47 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "Vm=400\n", + "PIV=sqrt(3)*Vm\n", + "print \"As the supply voltage is 400 sin 314t, Vm = 400 V\"\n", + "print \"Peak inverse voltage(PIV) = sqrt(3)*Vm =%0.2f V\"%PIV\n", + "RMS=20\n", + "ff=1.11\n", + "Iav=round(RMS/ff)\n", + "print \"RMS value of current = 20 V\"\n", + "print \"Average value of current, Iav = RMS value/form factor =%0.2f A\"%Iav\n", + "pr=PIV*Iav\n", + "pr1=pr*10**-3\n", + "print \"Power rating of the SCR(kW) = PIV * Iav =%0.2f kW\"%pr1" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch9_1.ipynb b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch9_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0ce15525 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/Ch9_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1478 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ch-9 : Midband Analysis of Small Signal Amplifiers" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 221 Example 9.1." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " Exact analysis :\n", + "Current gain, AI = -hfe / 1+hoe*RL = -48.78\n", + "Input resistance, Ri = hie - (hfe*hre / hoe+(1/RL)) = 600.00 ohm\n", + "Voltage gain, Av = AI*(RL/Ri) = -49.26 \n", + " Yo = hoe - (hfe*hre / hie+Rs) = 0.00 mho\n", + " Ro(k-ohm) = 1/Yo = 51.43 kohm\n", + " Approximate analysis\n", + " AI = -hfe = -50\n", + " Ri = hie = 1 k-ohm\n", + " Av = - hfe*RL / hie = -50.00\n", + " Ro = infinity\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \" Exact analysis :\"\n", + "AI=(-50)/(1+((25*10**-6)*(10**3)))\n", + "print \"Current gain, AI = -hfe / 1+hoe*RL = %0.2f\"%AI\n", + "Ri=1000-((50*2*10**-4)/((25*10**-6)+(1/1000))) #in ohm\n", + "print \"Input resistance, Ri = hie - (hfe*hre / hoe+(1/RL)) = %0.2f ohm\"%Ri\n", + "Av=(-48.78)*(1000/990.24)\n", + "print \"Voltage gain, Av = AI*(RL/Ri) = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "Yo=(25*10**-6)-((100*10**-4)/(1000+800)) #in mho\n", + "print \" Yo = hoe - (hfe*hre / hie+Rs) = %0.2f mho\"%Yo\n", + "Ro=1/Yo #in ohm\n", + "x1=Ro*10**-3\n", + "print \" Ro(k-ohm) = 1/Yo = %0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "print \" Approximate analysis\"\n", + "print \" AI = -hfe = -50\"\n", + "print \" Ri = hie = 1 k-ohm\"\n", + "Av=-(50.*1000)/1000\n", + "print \" Av = - hfe*RL / hie = %0.2f\"%Av\n", + "print \" Ro = infinity\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 223 Example 9.2." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) For RE = 200 ohm,\n", + " hoe*(RE + RC) = 0.05 \n", + "Since hoe*(RE+RC) < 0.1, the approximate model is permissible.\n", + " AI = -hfe = -55\n", + " Ri = hie + (1+hfe)*RE = 12.50 kohm\n", + " Av = AI * (RC/Ri) = 0.00 \n", + "Output resistance, Ro = infinity\n", + "Output terminal resistance, RoT = Ro || RC = 2 k-ohm\n", + "(ii) For RE = 400 ohm\n", + " hoe*(RE + RC) = 0.05 \n", + "Since hoe*(RE+RC) < 0.1, the approximate model is permissible.\n", + " AI = -hfe = -55\n", + " Ri(k-ohm) = hie + (1+hfe)*RE = 23.70 kohm\n", + " Av = AI * (RC/Ri) = -4.64\n", + "Output resistance, Ro = infinity\n", + "Output terminal resistance, RoT = Ro || RC = 2 k-ohm\n", + "(iii) For RE = 1000 ohm\n", + "Since hoe*(RE+RC) < 0.1, the approximate model is permissible.\n", + " AI = -hfe = -55\n", + " Ri(k-ohm) = hie + (1+hfe)*RE = 57.30 kohm\n", + " Av = AI * (RC/Ri) = 0.00 \n", + "Output resistance, Ro = infinity\n", + "Output terminal resistance, RoT = Ro || RC = 2 k-ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RC=2*10**3\n", + "hie=1300\n", + "hre=2*10**-4\n", + "hfe=55\n", + "hoe=22*10**-6\n", + "print \"(i) For RE = 200 ohm,\"\n", + "RE=200\n", + "x=hoe*(RE+RC)\n", + "print \" hoe*(RE + RC) = %0.2f \"%x\n", + "print \"Since hoe*(RE+RC) < 0.1, the approximate model is permissible.\"\n", + "AI=-hfe\n", + "print \" AI = -hfe = -55\"\n", + "Ri=hie+((1+hfe)*RE)\n", + "x1=Ri*10**-3\n", + "print \" Ri = hie + (1+hfe)*RE = %0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "Av=AI*(RC/Ri)\n", + "print \" Av = AI * (RC/Ri) = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "print \"Output resistance, Ro = infinity\"\n", + "print \"Output terminal resistance, RoT = Ro || RC = 2 k-ohm\"\n", + "print \"(ii) For RE = 400 ohm\"\n", + "RE=400.\n", + "x2=hoe*(RE+RC)\n", + "print \" hoe*(RE + RC) = %0.2f \"%x2\n", + "print \"Since hoe*(RE+RC) < 0.1, the approximate model is permissible.\"\n", + "AI=-hfe\n", + "print \" AI = -hfe = -55\"\n", + "Ri=hie+((1+hfe)*RE)\n", + "x3=Ri*10**-3\n", + "print \" Ri(k-ohm) = hie + (1+hfe)*RE = %0.2f kohm\"%x3\n", + "Av=AI*(RC/Ri)\n", + "print \" Av = AI * (RC/Ri) = %0.2f\"%Av\n", + "print \"Output resistance, Ro = infinity\"\n", + "print \"Output terminal resistance, RoT = Ro || RC = 2 k-ohm\"\n", + "print \"(iii) For RE = 1000 ohm\"\n", + "print \"Since hoe*(RE+RC) < 0.1, the approximate model is permissible.\"\n", + "AI=-hfe\n", + "print \" AI = -hfe = -55\"\n", + "Ri=1300+((1+55)*1000)\n", + "x3=Ri*10**-3\n", + "print \" Ri(k-ohm) = hie + (1+hfe)*RE = %0.2f kohm\"%x3\n", + "Av=AI*(RC/Ri)\n", + "print \" Av = AI * (RC/Ri) = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "print \"Output resistance, Ro = infinity\"\n", + "print \"Output terminal resistance, RoT = Ro || RC = 2 k-ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 225 Example 9.3." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Conversion formulae :\n", + " hic = hie = 1200 ohm,\n", + " hfc = -(1+hfe) = -61.00 \n", + "hre = 1, hoc = hoe = 25 uA/V\n", + "Exact analysis :\n", + "Current gain, AI = -hfe / (1 + (hoc*RL)) = 58.10 \n", + "Input impedance, Ri(k-ohm) = hic + hrc*AI*RL = 117.39 kohm\n", + "Voltage gain, Av = AI*RL / Ri = 0.99 \n", + "Output resistance, Ro :\n", + " Yo = 1/Ro = hoc - (hfc*hrc/hic+Rs) =0.03 mho\n", + " Ro = 34.40 ohm\n", + "Approximate analysis :\n", + "Current gain, AI = 1 + hfe = 61.00 \n", + "Input impedance, Ri = hie + (1+hfe)RL = 123.20 kohm\n", + "Voltage gain, Av = 1 - hie/Ri = 0.99 \n", + "Output resistance, Ro:\n", + " Yo(mho) = (1+hfe) / (hie+RS) = 0.03 mho\n", + " Ro = 34.43 ohm \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RS=900.\n", + "RL=2000.\n", + "hie=1200.\n", + "hre=2*10**-4\n", + "hfe=60.\n", + "hoe=25*10**-6\n", + "print \"Conversion formulae :\"\n", + "hic=hie\n", + "print \" hic = hie = 1200 ohm,\"\n", + "hfc=-(1+hfe)\n", + "print \" hfc = -(1+hfe) = %0.2f \"%hfc\n", + "print \"hre = 1, hoc = hoe = 25 uA/V\"\n", + "hoc=hoe\n", + "hre=1\n", + "print \"Exact analysis :\"\n", + "format(7)\n", + "AI=-hfc/(1+(hoc*RL))\n", + "print \"Current gain, AI = -hfe / (1 + (hoc*RL)) = %0.2f \"%AI\n", + "Ri=hic + (hre*AI*RL)\n", + "x1=Ri*10**-3\n", + "print \"Input impedance, Ri(k-ohm) = hic + hrc*AI*RL = %0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "Av=(AI*RL)/Ri\n", + "print \"Voltage gain, Av = AI*RL / Ri = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "Yo=hoc-((hfc*hre)/(hic+RS))\n", + "print \"Output resistance, Ro :\"\n", + "print \" Yo = 1/Ro = hoc - (hfc*hrc/hic+Rs) =%0.2f mho\"%Yo\n", + "Ro=1./Yo\n", + "print \" Ro = %0.2f ohm\"%Ro\n", + "print \"Approximate analysis :\"\n", + "AI=1+hfe\n", + "print \"Current gain, AI = 1 + hfe = %0.2f \"%AI\n", + "Ri=hie+((1+hfe)*RL)\n", + "x2=Ri*10**-3\n", + "print \"Input impedance, Ri = hie + (1+hfe)RL = %0.2f kohm\"%x2\n", + "Av=1-(hie/Ri)\n", + "print \"Voltage gain, Av = 1 - hie/Ri = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "print \"Output resistance, Ro:\"\n", + "Yo=(1+hfe)/(hie+RS)\n", + "print \" Yo(mho) = (1+hfe) / (hie+RS) = %0.2f mho\"%Yo\n", + "Ro=1./Yo\n", + "print \" Ro = %0.2f ohm \"%Ro" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 228 Example 9.4." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current gain, AI = -hfc / 1+hoc*RL''\n", + "where, RL'' = RE || RL = 0.05 kohm\n", + "Therefore, AI = 86.21 \n", + "Input resistance, Ri = hic + hrc*AI*RL'' = 691.06 kohm\n", + "Voltage gain, Av = AI*RL'' / Ri = 1.00 \n", + "Output resistance, Ro = 1 / Yo\n", + " Yo = hoc - (hfc*hrc)/(hic+RS'')\n", + "where, RS'' = RS || R1 || R2 = 0.91 kohm\n", + " Yo = 0.04 \n", + " Ro = 22.99 ohm\n", + " Ro'' = Ro || RLdash = 22.92 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "hic=1.4*10**3\n", + "hfc=-100\n", + "hrc=1\n", + "hoc=20*10**-6\n", + "R1=20*10**3\n", + "RS=1*10**3\n", + "R2=20*10**3\n", + "RE=10*10**3\n", + "RL=40*10**3\n", + "print \"Current gain, AI = -hfc / 1+hoc*RL''\"\n", + "RLd=(RE*RL)/(RE+RL)\n", + "x1=RLd*10**-3\n", + "print \"where, RL'' = RE || RL = %0.2f kohm\"%x\n", + "AI = -hfc / (1+(hoc*RLd))\n", + "print \"Therefore, AI = %0.2f \"%AI \n", + "Ri=hic+(hrc*AI*RLd)\n", + "x2=Ri*10**-3\n", + "print \"Input resistance, Ri = hic + hrc*AI*RL'' = %0.2f kohm\"%x2\n", + "Av=(AI*RLd)/Ri\n", + "print \"Voltage gain, Av = AI*RL'' / Ri = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "print \"Output resistance, Ro = 1 / Yo\"\n", + "print \" Yo = hoc - (hfc*hrc)/(hic+RS'')\"\n", + "RSd=(RS*R1*R2)/((R1*R2)+(RS*R2)+(RS*R1))\n", + "x3=RSd*10**-3\n", + "print \"where, RS'' = RS || R1 || R2 = %0.2f kohm\"%x3\n", + "Yo = hoc - ((hfc*hrc)/(hic+RSd))\n", + "print \" Yo = %0.2f \"%Yo\n", + "# answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "Ro=1/0.0435\n", + "print \" Ro = %0.2f ohm\"%Ro\n", + "Rod=(Ro*RLd)/(Ro+RLd)\n", + "print \" Ro'' = Ro || RLdash = %0.2f ohm\"%Rod" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 229 Example 9.5." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " Exact analysis\n", + "Current gain, AI = -hfb / (1 + hob*RL) = 0.98 \n", + "Input impedance, Ri(ohm) = hib + hrb*AI*RL = 22.29 ohm\n", + "Voltage gain, Av = AI*RL / Ri = 43.94 \n", + "Overall current gain, Avc = Av*Ri / Ri+Rs = 0.80 \n", + "Overall current gain, AIS = AI*Rs / Ri+Rs = 0.96 \n", + "Output admittance, Yo(u-mho) = hob * (hfb*hrb / hib+Rs) = 0.74 \n", + " Ro(M-ohm) = 1 / Yo = 1.35\n", + "Power gain, AP = Av*AI = 43.04 \n", + "Approximate analysis\n", + "Current gain, AI = -hfb = 0.98 \n", + "Input impedance, Ri = hib = 22.00 ohm\n", + "Reaaranging this equation, hfe = -hfb / 1+hfb = 49.00\n", + "From Table 9.3, hib = hie / 1+hfe\n", + " hie = hib(1+hfe) = 1100.00 ohm\n", + " Av = 44.55\n", + "Output impedance, Ro = infinity\n", + "Overall voltage gain, Avs = Av*Ri / Ri+Rs = 0.80 \n", + "Overall current gain, AIS = AI*Rs / Ri+Rs = 0.96 \n", + "Power gain, AP = Av*AI = 43.65\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "Rs=1200.\n", + "RL=1000.\n", + "hib=22.\n", + "hrb=3*10**-4\n", + "hfb=-0.98\n", + "hob=0.5*10**-6\n", + "print \" Exact analysis\"\n", + "AI=-hfb/(1+(hob*RL))\n", + "print \"Current gain, AI = -hfb / (1 + hob*RL) = %0.2f \"%AI\n", + "Ri=hib+(hrb*AI*RL)\n", + "print \"Input impedance, Ri(ohm) = hib + hrb*AI*RL = %0.2f ohm\"%Ri\n", + "Av=(AI*RL)/Ri\n", + "print \"Voltage gain, Av = AI*RL / Ri = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "Avs=(Av*Ri)/(Ri+Rs)\n", + "print \"Overall current gain, Avc = Av*Ri / Ri+Rs = %0.2f \"%Avs\n", + "AIS=(AI*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)\n", + "print \"Overall current gain, AIS = AI*Rs / Ri+Rs = %0.2f \"%AIS\n", + "Yo=hob-((hfb*hrb)/(hib+Rs))\n", + "x1=Yo*10**6\n", + "print \"Output admittance, Yo(u-mho) = hob * (hfb*hrb / hib+Rs) = %0.2f \"%x1\n", + "Ro=1/Yo\n", + "x2=Ro*10**-6\n", + "print \" Ro(M-ohm) = 1 / Yo = %0.2f\"%x2\n", + "AP=Av*AI\n", + "print \"Power gain, AP = Av*AI = %0.2f \"%AP\n", + "print \"Approximate analysis\"\n", + "AI=-hfb\n", + "print \"Current gain, AI = -hfb = %0.2f \"%AI\n", + "Ri=hib\n", + "print \"Input impedance, Ri = hib = %0.2f ohm\"%Ri\n", + "hfe = -hfb / (1+hfb)\n", + "print \"Reaaranging this equation, hfe = -hfb / 1+hfb = %0.2f\"%hfe\n", + "print \"From Table 9.3, hib = hie / 1+hfe\"\n", + "hie=hib*(1+hfe)\n", + "print \" hie = hib(1+hfe) = %0.2f ohm\"%hie\n", + "Av=hfe*RL / hie\n", + "print \" Av = %0.2f\"%Av\n", + "print \"Output impedance, Ro = infinity\"\n", + "Avs=(Av*Ri)/(Ri+Rs)\n", + "print \"Overall voltage gain, Avs = Av*Ri / Ri+Rs = %0.2f \"%Avs\n", + "AIS=(AI*Rs)/(Ri+Rs)\n", + "print \"Overall current gain, AIS = AI*Rs / Ri+Rs = %0.2f \"%AIS\n", + "AP=Av*AI\n", + "print \"Power gain, AP = Av*AI = %0.2f\"%AP" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 230 Example 9.6." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current gain, AI = -hfb / 1+hob*RL''\n", + "where, RL'' = RC || RL = 6.46 kohm\n", + " AI = 0.98 \n", + "Input impedance Ri :\n", + " Ri = hib + hrb*AI*RL'' = 25.83 ohm\n", + "Voltage gain Av :\n", + " Av = (AI*RL'') / Ri = 244.36 \n", + "Output Resistance Ro :\n", + "The output admittance\n", + " Yo(u-mho) = 1 / Ro = hob - (hfb*hrb / hib+RS'') = where RS'' = RS || RE = 0.99 u-mho\n", + " Ro = 1 / Yo = 1.01 M-ohm \n", + " RS'' = Ro || RL'' = 6.42 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "hib=24.\n", + "hfb=-0.98\n", + "hob=0.49*10**-6\n", + "hrb=2.9*10**-4\n", + "RS=600.\n", + "RE=6*10**3\n", + "RC=12*10**3\n", + "RL=14*10**3\n", + "print \"Current gain, AI = -hfb / 1+hob*RL''\"\n", + "RLd=(RC*RL)/(RC+RL)\n", + "x1=RLd*10**-3\n", + "print \"where, RL'' = RC || RL = %0.2f kohm\"%x1\n", + "AI=-hfb / (1+hob*RLd)\n", + "print \" AI = %0.2f \"%AI\n", + "print \"Input impedance Ri :\"\n", + "Ri=hib+(hrb*AI*RLd)\n", + "print \" Ri = hib + hrb*AI*RL'' = %0.2f ohm\"%Ri\n", + "print \"Voltage gain Av :\"\n", + "Av=(AI*RLd)/Ri\n", + "print \" Av = (AI*RL'') / Ri = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "print \"Output Resistance Ro :\"\n", + "print \"The output admittance\"\n", + "RSd=(RS*RE)/(RS+RE)\n", + "Yo=hob-((hfb*hrb)/(hib+RSd))\n", + "x4=Yo*10**6\n", + "print \" Yo(u-mho) = 1 / Ro = hob - (hfb*hrb / hib+RS'') = where RS'' = RS || RE = %0.2f u-mho\"%x4\n", + "Ro=1./Yo\n", + "x2=Ro*10**-6\n", + "print \" Ro = 1 / Yo = %0.2f M-ohm \"%x2\n", + "RSd=(Ro*RLd)/(Ro+RLd)\n", + "x3=RSd*10**-3\n", + "print \" RS'' = Ro || RL'' = %0.2f kohm\"%x3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 232 Example 9.7." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "From h-parameter model\n", + " Zi = hie = 500 ohm\n", + " Zo = RC = 5.1 k-ohm\n", + " Av = (-hfe*RC) / hie = -612.00 \n", + " AI = -hfe = -60\n", + "From re model\n", + " Zi = beta*re where re = 26mV / Ie\n", + "From the circuit, Ib = (VCC - VBE) / RB = 51.82 uA\n", + " Ie = Ic = beta*Ib = 3.11 mA\n", + " re = 26mV / Ie = 8.37 ohm\n", + " Zi = beta*re = 502.20 ohm\n", + " Zo = RC = 5.1 k-ohm\n", + " Av = -RC / re = -609.00 \n", + " AI = -beta = -60\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "hfe=60.\n", + "hie=500.\n", + "IC=3*10**-3\n", + "RB=220*10**3\n", + "RC=5.1*10**3\n", + "VCC=12.\n", + "VBE=0.6\n", + "print \"From h-parameter model\"\n", + "beta=hfe\n", + "Zo=RC\n", + "Av=(-hfe*RC)/hie\n", + "print \" Zi = hie = 500 ohm\"\n", + "print \" Zo = RC = 5.1 k-ohm\"\n", + "print \" Av = (-hfe*RC) / hie = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "print \" AI = -hfe = -60\"\n", + "print \"From re model\"\n", + "print \" Zi = beta*re where re = 26mV / Ie\"\n", + "Ib=(VCC - VBE)/RB\n", + "x1=Ib*10**6\n", + "print \"From the circuit, Ib = (VCC - VBE) / RB = %0.2f uA\"%x1\n", + "Ie=beta*(51.8*10**-6)\n", + "x2=Ie*10**3\n", + "print \" Ie = Ic = beta*Ib = %0.2f mA\"%x2\n", + "re = (26) / (3.108)\n", + "print \" re = 26mV / Ie = %0.2f ohm\"%re\n", + "Zi = beta*8.37\n", + "print \" Zi = beta*re = %0.2f ohm\"%Zi\n", + "print \" Zo = RC = 5.1 k-ohm\"\n", + "Av=int(-RC/re)\n", + "print \" Av = -RC / re = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "print \" AI = -beta = -60\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 233 Example 9.8." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "h-parameter analysis :\n", + "Zi = RB || hie\n", + " RB = R1 || R2 = 40 k-ohm || 4.7 k-ohm = 4.21 \n", + " Zi = 4.2 k-ohm || 3.2 k-ohm = 1.82\n", + " Zo = RC = 4 k-ohm\n", + " Av = -hfe*RC / hie = -125.00 \n", + " AI = -hfe*RB / RB+hie = -56.79 \n", + "Using r model :\n", + "To find IB,\n", + " VB = R2*VCC / R1+R2 = 1.68 \n", + "Using Thevenin equivalent for input part,\n", + "IB = (VB-VBE) / (RB+((1+beta)*RE)) = 8.63 uA\n", + " IC = beta*IB = 0.86 mA\n", + " IE ~ IC = 0.86 mA\n", + "30.2325581395 re = 26mV / IE = 30.23 ohm\n", + " Zi = RB || beta*re = 1.76 kohm\n", + " Zo = RC = 4 k-ohm\n", + " Av = -RC / re = -132.31\n", + " AI = (-beta*RB) / (RB+(beta*re)) = -58.15\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "hie=3.2*10**3\n", + "hfe=100.\n", + "R1=40*10**3\n", + "R2=4.7*10**3\n", + "RC=4*10**3\n", + "VCC=16.\n", + "VBE=0.6\n", + "RE=1.2*10**3\n", + "beta=100.\n", + "print \"h-parameter analysis :\"\n", + "print \"Zi = RB || hie\"\n", + "RB=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)\n", + "x1=RB*10**-3\n", + "print \" RB = R1 || R2 = 40 k-ohm || 4.7 k-ohm = %0.2f \"%x1\n", + "Zi=(RB*hie)/(RB+hie)\n", + "x2=Zi*10**-3\n", + "print \" Zi = 4.2 k-ohm || 3.2 k-ohm = %0.2f\"%x2\n", + "print \" Zo = RC = 4 k-ohm\"\n", + "Av=(-hfe*RC)/hie\n", + "print \" Av = -hfe*RC / hie = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "AI=(-hfe*RB)/(RB+hie)\n", + "print \" AI = -hfe*RB / RB+hie = %0.2f \"%AI\n", + "print \"Using r model :\"\n", + "print \"To find IB,\"\n", + "VB=(R2*VCC)/(R1+R2)\n", + "print \" VB = R2*VCC / R1+R2 = %0.2f \"%VB\n", + "print \"Using Thevenin equivalent for input part,\"\n", + "IB=1.082/(125.4*10**3)\n", + "x3=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"IB = (VB-VBE) / (RB+((1+beta)*RE)) = %0.2f uA\"%x3\n", + "IC=beta*IB\n", + "x4=IC*10**3\n", + "print \" IC = beta*IB = %0.2f mA\"%x4\n", + "print \" IE ~ IC = %0.2f mA\"%x4\n", + "IE = IC\n", + "re=(26*10**-3)/(0.86*10**-3)\n", + "print re,\" re = 26mV / IE = %0.2f ohm\"%re\n", + "Zi=(RB*beta*re)/(RB+(beta*re))\n", + "x5=Zi*10**-3\n", + "print \" Zi = RB || beta*re = %0.2f kohm\"%x5\n", + "print \" Zo = RC = 4 k-ohm\"\n", + "Av=-RC/re\n", + "print \" Av = -RC / re = %0.2f\"%Av\n", + "AI=(-100*(4.2*10**3))/((4.2*10**3)+(100*30.23))\n", + "print \" AI = (-beta*RB) / (RB+(beta*re)) = %0.2f\"%AI" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 235 Example 9.9." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " |IE| = VEE-VBE / RE = 1.85 mA\n", + " re(ohm) = 26mV / IE = 14.05 ohm\n", + " Zi = RE || re = 14.00 ohm\n", + " Zo = RC = 3.00 kohm\n", + " Av = RC / re = 213.52 \n", + " AI = 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VBE=0.6\n", + "VEE=8.\n", + "VCC=10.\n", + "RE=4*10**3\n", + "RC=3*10**3\n", + "IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE\n", + "x1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \" |IE| = VEE-VBE / RE = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "re=(26*10**-3)/IE\n", + "print \" re(ohm) = 26mV / IE = %0.2f ohm\"%re\n", + "Zi=(RE*re)/(RE+re)\n", + "print \" Zi = RE || re = %0.2f ohm\"%Zi\n", + "Zo=RC*10**-3\n", + "print \" Zo = RC = %0.2f kohm\"%Zo\n", + "Av=3000/14.05\n", + "print \" Av = RC / re = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "print \" AI = 1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 238 Example 9.10." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that IB = VCC-VBE / RB+(1+beta)*RE\n", + "Therefore, IB = 85.67 uA\n", + "IE = (1+beta)*IB = 8.57 mA\n", + "The dynamic resistance is\n", + " re = 3.03 ohm\n", + "The input impedance of the amplifier is\n", + " Zb = (1+beta)(re+RE) = 92.22 k-ohm \n", + "The input impedance of the amplifier stage is\n", + " Zi = RB || Zb = 41.36 kohm\n", + "The voltage gain of the amplifier is\n", + "Av = RE / re+RE = 1.00 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \"We know that IB = VCC-VBE / RB+(1+beta)*RE\"\n", + "IB=((15-0.7)/((75*10**3)+(101*910)))*10**6\n", + "print \"Therefore, IB = %0.2f uA\"%IB # in uA\n", + "print \"IE = (1+beta)*IB = 8.57 mA\"\n", + "print \"The dynamic resistance is\"\n", + "re=0.026/(8.57*10**-3)\n", + "print \" re = %0.2f ohm\"% re # in ohm\n", + "print \"The input impedance of the amplifier is\"\n", + "zb=(101*(3.03+910))*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" Zb = (1+beta)(re+RE) = %0.2f k-ohm \"%zb\n", + "print \"The input impedance of the amplifier stage is\"\n", + "Zi=((75*92.2*10**6)/((75*10**3)+(92.2*10**3)))*10**-3 # in k-ohm\n", + "print \" Zi = RB || Zb = %0.2f kohm\"%Zi\n", + "print \"The voltage gain of the amplifier is\"\n", + "av=910./(3.03+910)\n", + "print \"Av = RE / re+RE = %0.2f \"%av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 240 Example 9.11." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "From fig.9.55, IB = (VCC-VBE) / (RB + (1+beta)*RE) = 11.58 uA\n", + " IE = (1+beta)*IB = 1.17 mA\n", + "The load resistance of the emitter follower is rL = RE || RL = 49.25 ohm \n", + " Zi = RB || (1+beta)(re+rL) = 7.13 kohm\n", + " VL / VS = (rL/re+rL)(Zi/Rs+Zi) = 0.59 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "\n", + "VCC=10.\n", + "RB=470*10**3\n", + "RE=3.3*10**3\n", + "beta=100.\n", + "RS=1*10**3\n", + "RL=50.\n", + "re=22.4\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "IB = (VCC-VBE) / (RB + ((1+beta)*RE))\n", + "x1=IB*10**6\n", + "print \"From fig.9.55, IB = (VCC-VBE) / (RB + (1+beta)*RE) = %0.2f uA\"%x1\n", + "IE=(1+beta)*IB\n", + "x2=IE*10**3\n", + "print \" IE = (1+beta)*IB = %0.2f mA\"%x2\n", + "rL=(RE*RL)/(RE+RL)\n", + "print \"The load resistance of the emitter follower is rL = RE || RL = %0.2f ohm \"%rL # answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "x=(1+beta)*(re+rL)\n", + "Zi=(RB*x)/(RB+x)\n", + "x3=Zi*10**-3\n", + "print \" Zi = RB || (1+beta)(re+rL) = %0.2f kohm\"%x3\n", + "y=(50/(22.4+50))*((7.13*10**3)/((1*10**3)+(7.3*10**3))) # answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "print \" VL / VS = (rL/re+rL)(Zi/Rs+Zi) = %0.2f \"%y" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 241 Example 9.12. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that, IE = VEE-VBE / RE\n", + "Therefore, IE = 2.65 mA\n", + " Zb = re(ohm) = 9.81 ohm\n", + " Zi(ohm) = re || RE = 9.76 ohm\n", + " Av = RC / re = 101.92 \n", + " VL / VS = Av*(re/re+RS)*(RL/RL+RS) = 13.38\n", + " VL(in mV (rms)) = Av*VS = 133.75 \n", + " iL( in uA (rms)) = VL / RL = 33.44 \n", + " iL / iS = alpha*(RS/RS+re)*(RC/RC+RL) = 0.17 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RS=50.\n", + "RE=2*10**3\n", + "Ro=1*10**3\n", + "RL=4*10**3\n", + "VEE=6.\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "RC=1000.\n", + "VS=10*10**-3\n", + "IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE\n", + "x1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"We know that, IE = VEE-VBE / RE\"\n", + "print \"Therefore, IE = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "re=0.026/IE\n", + "print \" Zb = re(ohm) = %0.2f ohm\"%re\n", + "Zi=(re*RE)/(re+RE)\n", + "print \" Zi(ohm) = re || RE = %0.2f ohm\"%Zi\n", + "Av=RC/re\n", + "print \" Av = RC / re = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "x=Av*(re/(re+RS))*(RL/(RL+RC))\n", + "print \" VL / VS = Av*(re/re+RS)*(RL/RL+RS) = %0.2f\"%x\n", + "VL=x*VS\n", + "x2=VL*10**3\n", + "print \" VL(in mV (rms)) = Av*VS = %0.2f \"%x2\n", + "iL=VL/RL\n", + "x3=iL*10**6\n", + "print \" iL( in uA (rms)) = VL / RL = %0.2f \"%x3\n", + "alpha=1.\n", + "y=alpha*(RS/(RS+re))*(RC/(RC+RL))\n", + "print \" iL / iS = alpha*(RS/RS+re)*(RC/RC+RL) = %0.2f \"%y" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 243 Example 9.13." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The emitter current of the common base amplifier is\n", + " IE = VEE-VBE / RE = 0.00 A\n", + " re = 0.026 / IE = 24.14 ohm\n", + " Av = RC /re = 497.20 \n", + " VL/VS = Av*(re/re+RS)*(RL/RL+RC) = 195.23 \n", + " iL/iS = Ai*(RS/RS+re)*(RC/RC+RL) = 0.44\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "RC=12*10**3\n", + "RL=15*10**3\n", + "RS=10.\n", + "RE=22*10**3\n", + "VEE=24.\n", + "VBE=0.3\n", + "print \"The emitter current of the common base amplifier is\"\n", + "IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE\n", + "print \" IE = VEE-VBE / RE = %0.2f A\"%IE\n", + "re=0.026/IE\n", + "print \" re = 0.026 / IE = %0.2f ohm\"%re\n", + "Av=RC/re\n", + "print \" Av = RC /re = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "x=497*(24.14/(24.14+10))*((15*10**3)/((12*10**3)+(15*10**3)))\n", + "print \" VL/VS = Av*(re/re+RS)*(RL/RL+RC) = %0.2f \"%x\n", + "Ai=3.413\n", + "y=Ai*(RS/(RS+re))*(RC/(RC+RL))\n", + "print \" iL/iS = Ai*(RS/RS+re)*(RC/RC+RL) = %0.2f\"%y" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 244 Example 9.14." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "We know that, IE(mA) = VEE-VBE / RE = 1.77 mA\n", + " re = 0.026 / IE = 14.72 ohm\n", + " Zi = RE || re = 14.68 ohm\n", + " Zo = RC || re = 2.20 kohm\n", + " Av = Zo/Zi = RC||rc/RE||re = 149.68 \n", + " VL/VS = Av*(Zi/RS+Zi)*(RL/RL+Zo) = 51.94 \n", + " VL = Av*VS = 149.68 rms\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "rc=1.5*10**6\n", + "RE=4.7*10**3\n", + "Ro=2.2*10**3\n", + "RS=20\n", + "RL=10*10**3\n", + "VS=20*10**-3\n", + "VEE=9\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "IE=(VEE-VBE)/RE\n", + "x1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"We know that, IE(mA) = VEE-VBE / RE = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "re=0.026/IE\n", + "print \" re = 0.026 / IE = %0.2f ohm\"%re\n", + "Zi=(RE*re)/(RE+re)\n", + "print \" Zi = RE || re = %0.2f ohm\"%Zi\n", + "Zo=(Ro*rc)/(Ro+rc)\n", + "x2=Zo*10**-3\n", + "print \" Zo = RC || re = %0.2f kohm\"%x2\n", + "Av=Zo/Zi\n", + "print \" Av = Zo/Zi = RC||rc/RE||re = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "x=Av*(Zi/(RS+Zi))*(RL/(RL+Zo))\n", + "print \" VL/VS = Av*(Zi/RS+Zi)*(RL/RL+Zo) = %0.2f \"%x\n", + "y=x*VS\n", + "print \" VL = Av*VS = %0.2f rms\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 245 Example 9.15." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " VB = (R2 / R1+R2)*VCC = 1.48 V\n", + " VE = 1.39 - 0.7 = 0.69 V\n", + " IE(mA) = VE / RE = 1.01 mA\n", + " re = 0.026/IE = 25.62 ohm\n", + " Zi = R1 || R2 || beta*(re+RE) = 4.00 kohm\n", + "The overall voltage gain is VL/VS = (-RC/RE+re)*(Zi/RS+Zi)*(RL/RC+RL) = -3.33 \n", + " Zi = R1 || R2 || betare = 1.56 kohm\n", + " VL/VS = (-RC/re)*(Zi/RS+Zi)*(RL/RC+RL) = -76.27\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "beta=100.\n", + "VCC=10.\n", + "R2=4.7*10**3\n", + "R1=27*10**3\n", + "RE=680.\n", + "RC=3.3*10**3\n", + "RS=600.\n", + "RL=15*10**3\n", + "VB=(10*4.7*10**3)/((27*10**3)+(4.7*10**3))\n", + "print \" VB = (R2 / R1+R2)*VCC = %0.2f V\"%VB\n", + "# answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "VE=1.39-0.7\n", + "print \" VE = 1.39 - 0.7 = %0.2f V\"%VE\n", + "IE=VE/RE\n", + "x1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \" IE(mA) = VE / RE = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "re=0.026/IE\n", + "print \" re = 0.026/IE = %0.2f ohm\"%re\n", + "x=beta*(re+RE)\n", + "Zi=(R1*R2*x)/((R2*x)+(R1*x)+(R1+R2)) # answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "x2=Zi*10**-3\n", + "print \" Zi = R1 || R2 || beta*(re+RE) = %0.2f kohm\"%x2\n", + "y=(-RC/(RE+re))*(Zi/(RS+Zi))*(RL/(RC+RL))\n", + "print \"The overall voltage gain is VL/VS = (-RC/RE+re)*(Zi/RS+Zi)*(RL/RC+RL) = %0.2f \"%y\n", + "u=beta*re\n", + "Zi=(R1*R2*u)/((R2*u)+(R1*u)+(R1*R2))\n", + "x3=Zi*10**-3\n", + "print \" Zi = R1 || R2 || betare = %0.2f kohm\"%x3\n", + "z=(-RC/re)*(Zi/(RS+Zi))*(RL/(RC+RL)) # answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "print \" VL/VS = (-RC/re)*(Zi/RS+Zi)*(RL/RC+RL) = %0.2f\"%z" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 246 Example 9.16." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " VB1 = (RB3*VCC)/(RB3+RB2+RB1) = 3.38 V\n", + " IE1 = VE1/RE = (VB1-VBE1)/RE = 2.06 mA\n", + " re1 = 26mV/IE1 = 12.64 ohm\n", + " re2 = 12.64 ohm (since IE2 = IE1)\n", + "Voltage gain of the second stage,\n", + " Av2 = RC / re2 = 174.11\n", + "Overall voltage gain,\n", + " Av = Av1*Av2 = -174.11\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RB1=7.5*10**3\n", + "RB2=6.8*10**3\n", + "RB3=3.3*10**3\n", + "RE=1.3*10**3\n", + "RC=2.2*10**3\n", + "beta1=120.\n", + "beta2=120.\n", + "VCC=18.\n", + "VBE1=0.7\n", + "VB1=(RB3*VCC)/(RB3+RB2+RB1)\n", + "print \" VB1 = (RB3*VCC)/(RB3+RB2+RB1) = %0.2f V\"%VB1\n", + "IE1=(VB1-VBE1)/RE\n", + "x1=IE1*10**3\n", + "print \" IE1 = VE1/RE = (VB1-VBE1)/RE = %0.2f mA\"%x1\n", + "re1=(26*10**-3)/IE1\n", + "print \" re1 = 26mV/IE1 = %0.2f ohm\"%re1\n", + "re2=re1\n", + "print \" re2 = %0.2f ohm (since IE2 = IE1)\"%re2\n", + "print \"Voltage gain of the second stage,\"\n", + "Av2=RC/re2\n", + "print \" Av2 = RC / re2 = %0.2f\"%Av2\n", + "print \"Overall voltage gain,\"\n", + "Av1=-1\n", + "Av=Av1*Av2\n", + "print \" Av = Av1*Av2 = %0.2f\"%Av" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 248 Example 9.17. " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain,\n", + " Av = Vo/Vi = -u*RD / RD+rd = -6.25\n", + "The minus sign indicates a 180 degree phase shift between Vi and Vo\n", + "Input impedance Zi(M-ohm) = RG = 10.00 \n", + "Output impedance Zo(k-ohm) = RD = 5.00 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RD=5*10**3\n", + "RG=10*10**6\n", + "u=50.\n", + "rd=35*10**3\n", + "print \"The voltage gain,\"\n", + "Av=(-u*RD)/(RD+rd)\n", + "print \" Av = Vo/Vi = -u*RD / RD+rd = %0.2f\"%Av\n", + "print \"The minus sign indicates a 180 degree phase shift between Vi and Vo\"\n", + "Zi=RG*10**-6\n", + "print \"Input impedance Zi(M-ohm) = RG = %0.2f \"%Zi\n", + "Zo=RD*10**-3\n", + "print \"Output impedance Zo(k-ohm) = RD = %0.2f \"%Zo" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 252 Example 9.18." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain,\n", + " Av = Vo/Vi = u*RS / (u+1)*RS+rd = 0.84 \n", + "Output impedance, Zo(ohm) = 1/gm || RS = (rd/u) || RS = 595.74 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RS=4*10**3\n", + "RG=10*10**6\n", + "u=50.\n", + "rd=35*10**3\n", + "print \"The voltage gain,\"\n", + "Av=(u*RS)/(((1+u)*RS)+rd)\n", + "print \" Av = Vo/Vi = u*RS / (u+1)*RS+rd = %0.2f \"%Av\n", + "x=rd/u\n", + "Zo=(x*RS)/(RS+x)\n", + "print \"Output impedance, Zo(ohm) = 1/gm || RS = (rd/u) || RS = %0.2f ohm\"%Zo" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 254 Example 9.19." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The voltage gain,\n", + " Av = Vo/Vi = (gm*rd + 1)*RD / (RD+rd) = 2.76\n", + "Input impedance, Zi(k-ohm) = RS || 1/gm = 0.41 k0hm\n", + "Output impedance, Zo ~ RD = 2 k-ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "RD=2*10**3\n", + "RS=1*10**3\n", + "gm=1.43*10**-3\n", + "rd=35*10**3\n", + "print \"The voltage gain,\"\n", + "Av=(((gm*rd)+1)*RD)/(RD+rd)\n", + "print \" Av = Vo/Vi = (gm*rd + 1)*RD / (RD+rd) = %0.2f\"%Av\n", + "x=1./gm\n", + "Zi=(RS*x)/(RS+x)\n", + "x1=Zi*10**-3\n", + "print \"Input impedance, Zi(k-ohm) = RS || 1/gm = %0.2f k0hm\"%x1\n", + "print \"Output impedance, Zo ~ RD = 2 k-ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 256 Example 9.20." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " In the first set,\n", + " Vid = Vd(uV) = V1 = V2 = 200.00 uV\n", + " Vc(uV) = 1/2(V1+V2) = 0.00\n", + " In the second set,\n", + " Vd = V1 = V2 = 200.00 uV\n", + " Vc = 1/2(V1+V2) = 1000.00 uV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print \" In the first set,\"\n", + "Vid=100-(-100) #in uV\n", + "print \" Vid = Vd(uV) = V1 = V2 = %0.2f uV\"%Vid\n", + "Vc=(1/2)*(100+(-100)) # in uV\n", + "print \" Vc(uV) = 1/2(V1+V2) = %0.2f\"%Vc\n", + "print \" In the second set,\"\n", + "Vd=1100-900 # in uV\n", + "print \" Vd = V1 = V2 = %0.2f uV\"%Vd\n", + "Vc=(1./2)*(1100+900)\n", + "print \" Vc = 1/2(V1+V2) = %0.2f uV\"%Vc" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 258 Example 9.21." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " IE = (VEE - VBE)/2*REE = 110.00 uA\n", + " IC = alpha_F*IE = 108.91 uA\n", + " IB = IC / beta_F = 1.09 uA\n", + " VC = VCC - IC*RC = 7.92 V\n", + " VCE = VC - VE = 8.62 V\n", + " IE = VEE / 2*REE = 115.38 uA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "VEE=15.\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "REE=65*10**3\n", + "IE = (VEE - VBE)/(2*REE)\n", + "IE1=IE*10**6\n", + "print \" IE = (VEE - VBE)/2*REE = %0.2f uA\"%IE1\n", + "alphaF=100./101.\n", + "IC=(alphaF*IE)\n", + "IC1=IC*10**6\n", + "print \" IC = alpha_F*IE = %0.2f uA\"%IC1\n", + "betaF=100.\n", + "IB=IC/betaF\n", + "IB1=IB*10**6\n", + "print \" IB = IC / beta_F = %0.2f uA\"%IB1\n", + "VCC=VEE\n", + "RC=REE\n", + "VC=VCC-(IC*RC)\n", + "print \" VC = VCC - IC*RC = %0.2f V\"%VC\n", + "VE=-0.7\n", + "VCE=VC - VE\n", + "print \" VCE = VC - VE = %0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "IE=(VEE/(2*REE))*10**6\n", + "print \" IE = VEE / 2*REE = %0.2f uA\"%IE" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 262 Example 9.22." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " IDS = ISS / 2 = 87.50 uA\n", + " VGS = VTH + sqrt(ISS/Kn) = 1.24 V\n", + " VDS = VDD - (IDS*RD) + VGS = 7.55 V\n", + "Checking for saturation,\n", + " VGS - VTN = 0.24 \n", + "and VDS >= 0.2. Thus, both transistors in the differential amplifier are baised at Q-point of :\n", + "87.50\n", + "7.55\n", + " VIC= 7.31 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sqrt\n", + "VDD=12.\n", + "VSS=VDD\n", + "ISS=175*10**-6\n", + "RD=65*10**3\n", + "Kn=3*10**-3\n", + "VTN=1.\n", + "IDS=ISS/2.\n", + "IDS1=IDS*10**6\n", + "print \" IDS = ISS / 2 = %0.2f uA\"%IDS1\n", + "VGS=VTN+sqrt(ISS/Kn)\n", + "print \" VGS = VTH + sqrt(ISS/Kn) = %0.2f V\"%VGS\n", + "VDS=VDD-(IDS*RD)+VGS\n", + "print \" VDS = VDD - (IDS*RD) + VGS = %0.2f V\"%VDS\n", + "print \"Checking for saturation,\"\n", + "x=VGS-VTN\n", + "print \" VGS - VTN = %0.2f \"%x\n", + "print \"and VDS >= 0.2. Thus, both transistors in the differential amplifier are baised at Q-point of :\"\n", + "print \"%0.2f\" %IDS1\n", + "print \"%0.2f\"%(VDS)\n", + "VIC = VDD - IDS*RD + VTN\n", + "print \" VIC= %0.2f V\"%VIC" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 263 Example 9.23." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "beta = hfe = 100\n", + " IE = (VEE-VBE) / ((2*RE)+(RS/beta)) = 1.01 mA\n", + "IC ~ IE = 1.009 mA\n", + " Therefore ICQ = 1.01 mA\n", + " VCE = VCC + VBE - IC*RC = 12.70 V\n", + "and VCEQ = 12.70 V\n", + "The differential gain is : \n", + " Ad = hfe*RC / RS+hie = 135.54 \n", + "Common mode gain is : \n", + " AC = (hfe*Re) / (((2*RE)*(1+hfe)) + RS + hie) = 0.40 \n", + "CMRR = Ad / AC = 341.72 \n", + "CMRR = 20log|Ad/AC| = 50.67 dB\n", + "The output voltage is Vo = Ad*Vd + AC*VC. Here,\n", + " Ad [mV(peak-peak)] = VS1 - VS2 = 20.00 \n", + "Then, VC [mV(peak-peak)]= (VS1+VS2) / 2 = 50.00 \n", + "Therefore, Vo [V(peak-peak)] = 2.73 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log10\n", + "VS1=60*10**-3\n", + "VS2=40*10**-3\n", + "hie=3.2*10**3\n", + "hfe=100.\n", + "VEE=12.\n", + "VCC=VEE\n", + "VBE=0.7\n", + "beta=hfe\n", + "RE=5.6*10**3\n", + "RS=120.\n", + "RC=4.5*10**3\n", + "Rc=4.5*10**-5\n", + "IE=(VEE-VBE)/((2*RE)+(RS/beta))\n", + "IE1=IE*10**3\n", + "print \"beta = hfe = 100\"\n", + "print \" IE = (VEE-VBE) / ((2*RE)+(RS/beta)) = %0.2f mA\"%IE1\n", + "IC=IE\n", + "print \"IC ~ IE = 1.009 mA\"\n", + "print \" Therefore ICQ = %0.2f mA\"%IE1\n", + "VCE=VCC+VBE-(IC*Rc)\n", + "print \" VCE = VCC + VBE - IC*RC = %0.2f V\"%VCE\n", + "# answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "print \"and VCEQ = %0.2f V\"%VCE # answer in textbook is wrong\n", + "print \"The differential gain is : \"\n", + "Ad=(hfe*RC)/(RS+hie)\n", + "print \" Ad = hfe*RC / RS+hie = %0.2f \"%Ad\n", + "print \"Common mode gain is : \"\n", + "AC=(hfe*RC)/(((2*RE)*(1+hfe))+RS+hie)\n", + "print \" AC = (hfe*Re) / (((2*RE)*(1+hfe)) + RS + hie) = %0.2f \"%AC\n", + "CMRR = Ad / AC\n", + "print \"CMRR = Ad / AC = %0.2f \"%CMRR\n", + "CMRR1=20*log10(135.54/0.3966)\n", + "print \"CMRR = 20log|Ad/AC| = %0.2f dB\"%CMRR1\n", + "print \"The output voltage is Vo = Ad*Vd + AC*VC. Here,\"\n", + "Vd=VS1-VS2\n", + "Vd1=Vd*10**3\n", + "print \" Ad [mV(peak-peak)] = VS1 - VS2 = %0.2f \"%Vd1\n", + "VC=(VS1+VS2)/2\n", + "VC1=VC*10**3\n", + "print \"Then, VC [mV(peak-peak)]= (VS1+VS2) / 2 = %0.2f \"%VC1\n", + "Vo = Ad*Vd + AC*VC\n", + "print \"Therefore, Vo [V(peak-peak)] = %0.2f \"%Vo" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Page No. 264 Example 9.24." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "From the circuit 9.90(a),\n", + " RL = hoe*(RL || RC) = 0.05 \n", + "For equivalent circuit refer fig.9.90(b).\n", + " Input resistance, Ri = hie || 100k = 398.41 \n", + " Output resistance, Ro = 50k || 3k || 5k = 1807.23 \n", + "Therefore, Vo/Vi = -hfe*Ro / hie = -180.72 \n", + " Vi/VS = Ri/(Ri+RS) = 0.28 \n", + "Hence, Avs = Vo/VS = (Vo/Vi)*(Vi/VS) = 51.49 \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "hie=400.\n", + "hre=2.1*10**-4\n", + "hfe=40.\n", + "hoe=25*10**-6\n", + "RL=5*10**3\n", + "RC=3*10**3\n", + "print \"From the circuit 9.90(a),\"\n", + "Rth=(RL*RC)/(RL+RC)\n", + "RLd=hoe*(Rth)\n", + "print \" RL = hoe*(RL || RC) = %0.2f \"%RLd\n", + "print \"For equivalent circuit refer fig.9.90(b).\"\n", + "Ri=(hie*100*10**3)/(hie+(100*10**3))\n", + "print \" Input resistance, Ri = hie || 100k = %0.2f \"%Ri\n", + "R1=50.0*10**3\n", + "Ro=(R1*RC*RL)/((RC*RL)+(R1*RL)+(R1*RC))\n", + "print \" Output resistance, Ro = 50k || 3k || 5k = %0.2f \"%Ro\n", + "x=(-hfe*Ro)/hie\n", + "print \"Therefore, Vo/Vi = -hfe*Ro / hie = %0.2f \"%x\n", + "RS=1*10**3\n", + "y=Ri/(Ri+RS)\n", + "print \" Vi/VS = Ri/(Ri+RS) = %0.2f \"%y\n", + "Avs=abs(x*y)\n", + "print \"Hence, Avs = Vo/VS = (Vo/Vi)*(Vi/VS) = %0.2f \"%Avs" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/OpV_ch16_1.png b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/OpV_ch16_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..f4fd0cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/OpV_ch16_1.png diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/diodeLimiter.png b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/diodeLimiter.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..2a1fed00 --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/diodeLimiter.png diff --git a/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/nVeClipper16_1.png b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/nVeClipper16_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..6bfa71eb --- /dev/null +++ b/Electronics_Devices_And_Circuits_by_S._Salivahanan,_N._S._Kumar_And_A._Vallavaraj/screenshots/nVeClipper16_1.png diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter10_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter10_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..54d12f92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter10_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,259 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 10 : LU Decomposition and matrix inverse" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex10.1 Page 277" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "A = [[ 3. -0.1 -0.2]\n", + " [ 0.1 7. -0.3]\n", + " [ 0.3 -0.2 10. ]]\n", + "\n", + "U = \n", + "[[ 3. -0.1 -0.2 ]\n", + " [ 0. 7.00333333 -0.29333333]\n", + " [ 0. 0. 10.01204188]]\n", + "\n", + "L calculated based on gauss elimination method = \n", + "[[ 1. 0. 0. ]\n", + " [ 0.03333333 1. 0. ]\n", + " [ 0.1 -0.02712994 1. ]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat\n", + "from numpy.linalg import det\n", + "A = mat([[3,-0.1,-0.2],[0.1,7,-0.3],[0.3,-0.2,10]])\n", + "U = A#\n", + "print \"A =\",A\n", + "m = U[0,0]\n", + "n = U[1,0]\n", + "a = n/m#\n", + "U[1:2] = U[1:2] - U[0:1] / (m/n)#\n", + "n = U[2,0]\n", + "b = n/m\n", + "\n", + "U[2:3] = U[2:3] - U[0:1] / (m/n)#\n", + "m = U[1,1]\n", + "n = U[2,1]\n", + "c = n/m#\n", + "U[2:3] = U[2:3] - U[1:2] / (m/n)#\n", + "print \"\\nU = \\n\",U\n", + "L = mat([[1,0,0],[a,1,0],[b,c,1]])\n", + "print \"\\nL calculated based on gauss elimination method = \\n\",L" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex10.2 Page 279" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "X = \n", + "[[ 3. ]\n", + " [-2.5]\n", + " [ 7. ]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat\n", + "A = mat([[3,-0.1,-0.2],[0.1,7,-0.3],[0.3,-0.2,10]])\n", + "B = mat([[7.85],[-19.3],[71.4]])\n", + "X = (A**-1) * B\n", + "print \"X = \\n\",X" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex10.3 Page 284" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "B=\n", + "[[ 0.33248872 0.00494409 0.00679813]\n", + " [-0.00518174 0.14290333 0.00418348]\n", + " [-0.01007834 0.00270975 0.09988014]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat,array\n", + "A = mat([[3,-0.1,-0.2],[0.1,7,-0.3],[0.3,-0.2,10]])\n", + "B = (A**-1)\n", + "L = mat([[1,0,0],[0.033333,1,0],[0.1,-0.02713,1]])\n", + "U = mat([[3,-0.1,-0.2],[0,7.0033,-0.293333],[0,0,10.012]])\n", + "for i in range(1,4):\n", + " if i==1:\n", + " m = mat([[1],[0],[0]])\n", + " else:\n", + " if i==2:\n", + " m = mat([[0],[1],[0]])\n", + " else:\n", + " m = mat([[0],[0],[1]])\n", + " \n", + " \n", + " d = (L**-1) * m#\n", + " x = (U**-1) * d#\n", + " B[:,i-1] = x\n", + "\n", + "print \"B=\\n\",B" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex10.4 Page 291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "A = \n", + "[[ 1. 0.5 0.33333333]\n", + " [ 1. 0.66666667 0.5 ]\n", + " [ 1. 0.75 0.6 ]]\n", + "\n", + "Condition number for the matrix =\n", + "451.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "A = mat([[1,1/2,1/3],[1/2,1/3,1/4],[1/3,1/4,1/5]])\n", + "n = A[1,0]\n", + "A[1,:] = A[1,:]/n\n", + "n = A[2,0]\n", + "A[2,:] = A[2,:]/n\n", + "B = (A**-1)#\n", + "print \"A = \\n\",A\n", + "\n", + "m=range(1,4)\n", + "su=range(1,4)\n", + "for j in range(1,4):\n", + " a = 0#\n", + " for i in range(1,4):\n", + " m[i-1]= A[j-1,i-1]\n", + " su[j-1] = a + m[i-1]#\n", + " a = su[j-1]#\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "if su[0]< su[1]:\n", + " if su[1]< su[2]:\n", + " z = su[2]\n", + " else:\n", + " z = su[1]\n", + " \n", + "else:\n", + " if su[0] < su[2]:\n", + " z = su[2]#\n", + " else:\n", + " z = su[0]#\n", + " \n", + "m=range(1,4)\n", + "sm=range(1,4)\n", + "for j in range(1,4):\n", + " a = 0#\n", + " for i in range(1,4):\n", + " m[i-1]= B[j-1,i-1]\n", + " sm[j-1]= a + abs(m[i-1])\n", + " a = sm[j-1]#\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "if sm[0]< sm[1]:\n", + " if sm[1]< sm[2] :\n", + " y = sm[2]\n", + " else:\n", + " y = sm[1]\n", + " \n", + "else:\n", + " if sm[0]< sm[2]:\n", + " y = sm[2]\n", + " else:\n", + " y = sm[0]#\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "C = z*y#\n", + "print \"\\nCondition number for the matrix =\\n\",C\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter11_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter11_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..352fdcac --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter11_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,303 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 11 : Special Matrices and Gauss-Seidel" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:11.1 Pg: 297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "T1 = 151.165722019\n", + "T2 = 267.578072919\n", + "T3 = 236.681195836\n", + "T4 = 214.451566586\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat\n", + "A = mat([[2.04,-1,0,0],[-1,2.04,-1,0],[0,-1,2.04,-1],[0,0,-1,2.04]])\n", + "B = mat([[40.8],[0.8],[0.8],[200.8]])\n", + "g = A[0,1]\n", + "f1 =A[0,0]\n", + "e2 = A[1,0]\n", + "f2 = A[0,0] - e2 * A[1,0]\n", + "e3 = A[1,0]/f2\n", + "f3 = A[0,0] - e3 * A[1,0]\n", + "e4 = A[1,0]/f3#\n", + "f4 = A[0,0] - e4 * A[1,0]\n", + "M = mat([[f1,g,0,0],[e2,f2,g,0],[0,e3,f3,g],[0,0,e4,f4]])\n", + "L = mat([[1,0,0,0],[M[1,0],1,0,0],[0,M[2,1],1,0],[0,0,M[3,2],1]])\n", + "U = mat([[M[0,0],g,0,0],[0,M[1,1],g,0],[0,0,M[2,2],g],[0,0,0,M[3,3]]])\n", + "r1 = B[0,0]\n", + "r2 = B[1,0] - e2*B[0,0]\n", + "r3 = B[2,0] - e3*r2#\n", + "r4= B[3,0] - e4*r3# \n", + "N = mat([[r1],[r2],[r3],[r4]])\n", + "T4 = r4/U[3,3]\n", + "T3 = (r3 - g*T4)/U[2,2]\n", + "T2 = (r2 - g*T3)/U[1,1]\n", + "T1 = (r1 - g*T2)/U[0,0]\n", + "print \"T1 = \",T1\n", + "print \"T2 = \",T2\n", + "print \"T3 = \",T3\n", + "print \"T4 = \",T4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:11.2 Pg: 299" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + "L = \n", + "[[ 2.44948974 0. 0. ]\n", + " [ 6.12372436 4.18330013 0. ]\n", + " [ 22.45365598 20.91650066 6.11010093]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat,sqrt\n", + "A = mat([[6,15,55],[15,55,225],[55,225,979]])\n", + "sl = 0\n", + "l11 = sqrt(A[0,0])\n", + "#for second row\n", + "l21 = (A[1,0])/l11\n", + "l22 = (A[1,1] - l21**2)**(0.5)\n", + "#for third row\n", + "l31 = (A[2,0])/l11#\n", + "l32 = (A[2,1] - l21*l31)/l22#\n", + "l33 = (A[2,2] - l31**2 - l32**2)**(0.5)#\n", + "L = mat([[l11,0,0],[l21,l22,0],[l31,l32,l33]])\n", + "print \"\\nL = \\n\",L" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:11.3 Pg: 301" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x through two iterations = [2.6166666666666667]\n", + "y through two iterations = [-2.7945238095238096]\n", + "z through two iterations = [7.005609523809525]\n", + "error of x = 12.50234999 %\n", + "error of y = -11.7977361365 %\n", + "error of z = -0.075978454143 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#3x - 0.1y - 0.2z = 7.85\n", + "#0.1x + 7y - 0.3z = -19.3\n", + "#0.3x - 0.2y + 10z = 71.4\n", + "Y = 0# \n", + "Z = 0#\n", + "x=range(1,3)\n", + "y=range(1,3)\n", + "z=range(1,3)\n", + "for i in range(1,3):\n", + " x[i-1]= (7.85 +0.1*Y+0.2*Z)/3#\n", + " X = x[i-1]\n", + " y[i-1]= (-19.3 - 0.1*X +0.3*Z)/7#\n", + " Y = y[i-1]#\n", + " z[i-1]= (71.4 - 0.3*X+0.2*Y)/10#\n", + " Z = z[i-1]\n", + " if i==2:\n", + " ex = (x[i-1] - x[(i-2)])*100/x[i-1]\n", + " ey = (y[i-1] - y[i-2])*100/y[i-1]\n", + " ez = (z[i-1] - z[i-2])*100/z[i-1]\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "print \"x through two iterations =\",x[0:1]\n", + "print \"y through two iterations =\",y[0:1]\n", + "print \"z through two iterations =\",z[0:1]\n", + "print \"error of x = \",ex,\"%\"\n", + "print \"error of y = \",ey,\"%\"\n", + "print \"error of z = \",ez,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:11.4 Pg: 307" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = 0.999991\n", + "y = 1.000044\n", + "z = 0.99996\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "A = mat([[1,0.5,1/3],[1,2/3,1/2],[1,3/4,3/5]])\n", + "B = mat([[1.833333],[2.166667],[2.35]])\n", + "U = A**-1\n", + "X = U*B#\n", + "x = X[0,0]\n", + "y = X[1,0]\n", + "z = X[2,0]\n", + "print \"x = \",x\n", + "print \"y = \",y\n", + "print \"z = \",z" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:11.5 Pg: 309" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = 0.999991\n", + "y = 1.000044\n", + "z = 0.99996\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "A = mat([[1,0.5,1/3],[1,2/3,1/2],[1,3/4,3/5]])\n", + "B = mat([[1.833333],[2.166667],[2.35]])\n", + "U = A**-1\n", + "X = U*B#\n", + "x = X[0,0]\n", + "y = X[1,0]\n", + "z = X[2,0]\n", + "print \"x = \",x\n", + "print \"y = \",y\n", + "print \"z = \",z" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:11.6 Pg: 310" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = 0.999999\n", + "y = 1.000008\n", + "z = 0.99999\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat\n", + "A = mat([[1,0.5,1/3],[1/2,1/3,1/4],[1/3,1/4,1/5]])\n", + "B = mat([[1.833333],[1.083333],[0.783333]])\n", + "U = A**-1\n", + "X = U*B#\n", + "x = X[0,0]\n", + "y = X[1,0]\n", + "z = X[2,0]\n", + "print \"x = \",x\n", + "print \"y = \",y\n", + "print \"z = \",z" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter13_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter13_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c37c77de --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter13_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 13 : One-Dimensional Unconstrained Optimization" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:13.1 Pg: 356" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "xl = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.9442719099991588, 0.9442719099991588, 0.9442719099991588, 0.9442719099991588, 0.9442719099991588, 0.9442719099991588]\n", + "\n", + "x2 = [1.5278640450004204, 1.5278640450004204, 0.0, 0.9442719099991588, 0.9442719099991588, 0.9442719099991588, 0.9442719099991588, 1.5278640450004206, 1.5278640450004206, 1.5278640450004206]\n", + "\n", + "x1 = [2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 1.5278640450004208, 1.5278640450004208, 1.5278640450004208, 2.4721359549995796, 1.8885438199983178, 1.8885438199983178, 1.8885438199983178]\n", + "\n", + "xu = [4, 2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 2.4721359549995796, 1.8885438199983178, 1.8885438199983178]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sin\n", + "#f(x) = 2sinx - x**2/10\n", + "xl=[]\n", + "xu=[]\n", + "xl.append(0)\n", + "xu.append(4)\n", + "d=[]\n", + "x1=[]\n", + "x2=[]\n", + "m=[]\n", + "n=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,10):\n", + " d.append(((5)**(0.5) - 1)*(xu[i-1] - xl[i-1])/2)\n", + " x1.append(xl[i-1] + d[i-1])\n", + " x2.append(xu[i-1] - d[i-1])\n", + " m.append(2*sin(x1[i-1]) - (x1[i-1]**2)/10)\n", + " n.append(2*sin(x2[i-1]) - (x2[i-1]**2)/10)\n", + " if n[i-1] > m[i-1]:\n", + " xu.append(x1[(i-1)])\n", + " xl.append(xl[(i-1)])\n", + " else:\n", + " xl.append(x2[i-1])\n", + " xu.append(xu[i-1])\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "print \"xl =\",xl\n", + "print \"\\nx2 =\",x2\n", + "print \"\\nx1 =\",x1\n", + "print \"\\nxu =\",xu" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:13.2 Pg: 360" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x0 = [0, 1, 1, 1.3813008689454946, 1.382057051632978, 1.4273175717149764, 1.4274221422858844]\n", + "\n", + "x1 = [1, 1.5921843781407843, 1.3813008689454946, 1.382057051632978, 1.4273175717149764, 1.4274221422858844, 1.4275508501677177]\n", + "\n", + "x2 = [4, 4, 1.5921843781407843, 1.5921843781407843, 1.5921843781407843, 1.5921843781407843, 1.5921843781407843]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sin\n", + "#f(x) = 2sinx - x**2/10\n", + "x0= [0]#\n", + "x1= [1]\n", + "x2= [4]#\n", + "m=[];n=[];r=[];x3=[];s=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,6):\n", + " m.append(2*sin(x0[(i)]) - (x0[(i)]**2)/10)\n", + " n.append(2*sin(x1[(i)]) - (x1[(i)]**2)/10)\n", + " r.append(2*sin(x2[(i)]) - (x2[(i)]**2)/10)\n", + " x3.append(((m[(i)]*(x1[(i)]** 2 -x2[(i)] ** 2)) + (n[(i)]*(x2[(i)] ** 2 -x0[(i)] ** 2)) + (r[(i)]*(x0[(i)] ** 2 -x1[(i)] ** 2)))/((2*m[(i)]*(x1[(i)] -x2[(i)]))+(2*n[(i)]*(x2[(i)] -x0[(i)]))+(2*r[(i)]*(x0[(i)] -x1[(i)]))))\n", + " s.append(2*sin(x3[(i)]) - (x3[(i)]**2)/10)\n", + " if x1[(i) ]> x3[(i) ]:\n", + " if n[(i)]<s[(i)]:\n", + " x0.append(x0[(i)])\n", + " x1.append(x3[(i)])\n", + " x2.append(x1[(i)])\n", + " else:\n", + " x0.append(x1[(i)])\n", + " x1.append(x3[(i)])\n", + " x2.append(x2[(i)])\n", + " \n", + " else:\n", + " if n[(i)]>s[(i)]:\n", + " x0.append(x0[(i)])\n", + " x1.append(x3[(i)])\n", + " x2.appedn(x1[(i)])\n", + " else:\n", + " x0.append(x1[(i)])\n", + " x1.append(x3[(i)])\n", + " x2.append(x2[(i)])\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print \"x0 = \",x0\n", + "print \"\\nx1 = \",x1\n", + "print \"\\nx2 = \",x2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:13.3 Pg: 361" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = [0.5, 2.2261962395657777, 1.1766358162650659, 1.465127166023216, 1.4238568730046828, 1.4279262963228776, 1.427513951598196, 1.427555600748671, 1.4275513926124817, 1.4275518177794067]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sin, cos\n", + "#f(x) = 2sinx - x**2/10\n", + "x= [.5]\n", + "#f'(x) = 2cosx - x/5\n", + "#f\"(x) = -2sinx - 1/5\n", + "for i in range(1,10):\n", + " x.append(x[(i-1)] - (2*cos(x[(i-1)]) - x[(i-1)]/5)/(-2*sin(x[(i-1)]) - 1/5))\n", + "\n", + "print \"x = \",x" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter14_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter14_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3607eab --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter14_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,260 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-14 : Multidimensional Unconstrained Optimization" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:14.1 Pg: 368" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Iteration: 1\n", + "x: 1.53606983054\n", + "y: 1.86168445446\n", + "function value: -13.5786300816\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 1001\n", + "x: 1.76453990766\n", + "y: 1.86004762993\n", + "function value: -16.155728181\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 2001\n", + "x: -0.735800459375\n", + "y: 1.48176151402\n", + "function value: 1.11970176233\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 3001\n", + "x: -0.493690866305\n", + "y: 2.74840585243\n", + "function value: -2.08537362139\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 4001\n", + "x: 0.191618544017\n", + "y: 2.12536130424\n", + "function value: -3.47137052343\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 5001\n", + "x: 0.556097851317\n", + "y: 2.75235702552\n", + "function value: -9.05885931809\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 6001\n", + "x: -1.3315420382\n", + "y: 1.98026194153\n", + "function value: 1.11796226726\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 7001\n", + "x: -1.30334156994\n", + "y: 2.2803362443\n", + "function value: 0.930459972575\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 8001\n", + "x: -1.42505981694\n", + "y: 1.24322307994\n", + "function value: 0.604422816099\n", + "------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 9001\n", + "x: -1.04901290775\n", + "y: 1.83044616216\n", + "function value: 1.16839305819\n", + "------------------------------------------\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy.random import rand\n", + "def f(x,y):\n", + " z=y-x-(2*(x**2))-(2*x*y)-(y**2)\n", + " return z\n", + "x1=-2#\n", + "x2=2#\n", + "y1=1#\n", + "y2=3#\n", + "fmax=-1*10**(-15)#\n", + "n=10000#\n", + "for j in range(0,n):\n", + " r=rand(1,2)\n", + " x=x1+(x2-x1)*r[0,0]\n", + " y=y1+(y2-y1)*r[0,1]\n", + " fn=f(x,y)#\n", + " if fn>fmax:\n", + " fmax=fn#\n", + " xmax=x#\n", + " ymax=y#\n", + " \n", + " if j%1000==0:\n", + " \n", + " print \"Iteration:\",(j+1)\n", + " print \"x:\",x\n", + " print \"y:\",y\n", + " print \"function value:\",fn\n", + " print \"------------------------------------------\"\n", + " \n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:14.2 Pg: 374" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Elevation: 8\n", + "Theta: 1.107\n", + "slope: 8.94\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import atan\n", + "def f(x,y):\n", + " z=x*y*y\n", + " return z\n", + "p1=[2, 2]\n", + "elevation=f(p1[0],p1[1])\n", + "dfx=p1[0]*p1[0]\n", + "dfy=2*p1[0]*p1[1]\n", + "theta=atan(dfy/dfx)\n", + "slope=(dfx**2 + dfy**2)**0.5#\n", + "print \"Elevation:\",elevation\n", + "print \"Theta: %0.3f\"%theta\n", + "print \"slope: %0.2f\"%slope" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:14.3 Pg: 380" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The final equation is= 180*h**2 + 72*h - 7\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "def f(x,y):\n", + " z=2*x*y + 2*x - x**2 - 2*y**2\n", + " return z\n", + "x=-1#\n", + "y=1#\n", + "dfx=2*y+2-2*x#\n", + "dfy=2*x-4*y#\n", + "#the function can thus be expressed along h axis as\n", + "#f((x+dfx*h),(y+dfy*h))\n", + "print \"The final equation is=\",\"180*h**2 + 72*h - 7\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:14.4 Pg: 381" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The final values are: [-1, 1]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "def f(x,y):\n", + " z=2*x*y + 2*x - x**2 - 2*y**2\n", + " return z\n", + "x=-1#\n", + "y=1#\n", + "d2fx=-2#\n", + "d2fy=-4#\n", + "d2fxy=2#\n", + "\n", + "modH=d2fx*d2fy-(d2fxy)**2#\n", + "\n", + "for i in range(0,25):\n", + " dfx=2*y+2-2*x#\n", + " dfy=2*x - 4*y#\n", + " #the function can thus be expressed along h axis as\n", + " #f((x+dfx*h),(y+dfy*h))\n", + " def g(h):\n", + " d=2*(x+dfx*h)*(y+dfy*h) + 2*(x+dfx*h) - (x+dfx*h)**2 - 2*(y+dfy*h)**2\n", + " return d\n", + " #2*dfx*(y+dfy*h)+2*dfy*(x+dfx*h)+2*dfx-2*(x+dfx*h)*dfx-4*(y+dfy*h)*dfy=g'(h)=0\n", + " #2*dfx*y + 2*dfx*dfy*h + 2*dfy*x + 2*dfy*dfx*h + 2*dfx - 2*x*dfx - 2*dfx*dfx*h - 4*y*dfy - 4*dfy*dfy*h=0\n", + " #h(2*dfx*dfy+2*dfy*dfx-2*dfx*dfx-4*dfy*dfy)=-(2*dfx*y+2*dfy*x-2*x*dfx-4*y*dfy)\n", + " h=(2*dfx*y+2*dfy*x-2*x*dfx-4*y*dfy+2*dfx)/(-1*(2*dfx*dfy+2*dfy*dfx-2*dfx*dfx-4*dfy*dfy))#\n", + " x=x+dfx*h#\n", + " y=y+dfy*h#\n", + "print \"The final values are:\",[x, y]" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter15_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter15_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b70a9c17 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter15_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,358 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-15 : Constrained Optimization" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:15.1 Pg: 388" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Maximize z=150*x1+175*x2\n", + "subject to\n", + "7*x1+11*x2<=77 (Material constraint)\n", + "10*x1+8*x2<=80 (Time constraint)\n", + "x1<=9 (Regular storage constraint)\n", + "x2<=6 (Premium storage constraint)\n", + "x1,x2>=0 (Positivity constraint)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "regular=[7, 10, 9 ,150]#\n", + "premium=[11, 8, 6, 175]#\n", + "res_avail=[77, 80]#\n", + "#total profit(to be maximized)=z=150*x1+175*x2\n", + "#total gas used=7*x1+11*x2 (has to be less than 77 m**3/week)\n", + "#similarly other constraints are developed\n", + "print \"Maximize z=150*x1+175*x2\"\n", + "print \"subject to\"\n", + "print \"7*x1+11*x2<=77 (Material constraint)\"\n", + "print \"10*x1+8*x2<=80 (Time constraint)\"\n", + "print \"x1<=9 (Regular storage constraint)\"\n", + "print \"x2<=6 (Premium storage constraint)\"\n", + "print \"x1,x2>=0 (Positivity constraint)\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:15.2 Pg: 389" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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c6e6/zNXmn+rECVi3LjgjqKyEMWOSdw8pUyBhavEWdhzakRgIautqWTpjKWUl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\nv4hIHvr/jNG1VBcwIEMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fa838951c50>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,title ,show\n", + "x21=[];x22=[];x23=[];x24=[];x25=[];x26=[]\n", + "\n", + "for x1 in range(0,9):\n", + " x21.append(-(7/11)*x1+7)\n", + " x22.append((80-10*x1)/8)\n", + " x23.append(6)\n", + " x24.append(-150*x1/175)\n", + " x25.append((600-150*x1)/175)\n", + " x26.append((1400-150*x1)/175)\n", + "\n", + "x1=range(0,9)\n", + "\n", + "plot(x1,x24)\n", + "plot(x1,x25)\n", + "plot(x1,x26)\n", + "\n", + "plot(x1,x21)#\n", + "plot(x1,x22)#\n", + "plot(x1,x23)#\n", + "title('x2 vs x1')\n", + "xlabel('x1 (tonnes)')\n", + "ylabel('x2 (tonnes)')\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:15.3 Pg: 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The maximized profit is= 1413.888925\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "x1=[0,4.888889, 3.888889]\n", + "x2=[0,7, 11]#\n", + "x3=[0,10, 8]#\n", + "x4=[0,150, 175]#\n", + "x5=[0,77, 80, 9, 6]\n", + "profit=[0,x1[(1)]*x4[(1)], x1[(2)]*x4[(2)]]#\n", + "total=[0,x1[(1)]*x3[(1)]+x1[(2)]*x3[(2)], x1[(1)]*x3[(1)]+x1[(2)]*x3[(2)], x1[(1)], x1[(2)], profit[(1)]+profit[(2)]]\n", + "e=1000#\n", + "\n", + "while e>total[(5)]:\n", + " if total[(1)]<=x5[(1)]:\n", + " if total[(2)]<=x5[(2)]:\n", + " if total[(3)]<=x5[(3)]:\n", + " if total[(4)]<=x5[(4)]:\n", + " l=1#\n", + " \n", + " \n", + " \n", + " \n", + " if l==1:\n", + " x1[(1)]=x1[(1)]+4.888889\n", + " x1[(2)]=x1[(2)]+3.888889# \n", + " profit=[0,x1[(1)]*x4[(1)], x1[(2)]*x4[(2)]]\n", + " total[(5)]=profit[(1)]+profit[(2)]\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "print \"The maximized profit is=\",total[(5)]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:15.4 Pg: 401" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The final value of velocity=19.980\n", + "6 The final no. of load parcels= 6\n", + "The chute radius=2.944 m\n", + "The minimum cost = 4377.264 $\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,exp\n", + "\n", + "Mt=2000##kg\n", + "g=9.8##m/s**2\n", + "c0=200##$\n", + "c1=56##$/m\n", + "c2=0.1##$/m**2\n", + "vc=20##m/s\n", + "kc=3##kg/(s*m**2)\n", + "z0=500##m\n", + "t=27#\n", + "r=2.943652#\n", + "n=6#\n", + "A=2*pi*r*r#\n", + "l=(2**0.5)*r#\n", + "c=3*A#\n", + "m=Mt/n#\n", + "def f(t):\n", + " y=(z0+g*m*m/(c*c)*(1-exp(-c*t/m)))*c/(g*m)#\n", + " return y\n", + "\n", + "while abs(f(t)-t)>0.00001:\n", + " t=t+0.00001\n", + " \n", + "v=g*m*(1-exp(-c*t/m))/c#\n", + "print \"The final value of velocity=%0.3f\"%v\n", + "print n,\"The final no. of load parcels=\",n\n", + "print \"The chute radius=%0.3f m\"%r\n", + "print \"The minimum cost = %0.3f $\"%((c0+c1*l+c2*A*A)*n)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:15.5 Pg: 406" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Optimization terminated successfully.\n", + " Current function value: -1.775726\n", + " Iterations: 26\n", + " Function evaluations: 52\n", + "After maximization:\n", + "x= [ 1.4275625]\n", + "f(x)= [-1.77572565]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from scipy.optimize import fmin\n", + "from math import sin\n", + "def fx(x):\n", + " y=-(2*sin(x))+x**2/10\n", + " return y\n", + "x=fmin(fx,0)\n", + "print \"After maximization:\"\n", + "print \"x=\",x\n", + "print \"f(x)=\",fx(x)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:15.6 Pg: 407" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Optimization terminated successfully.\n", + " Current function value: -2.000000\n", + " Iterations: 45\n", + " Function evaluations: 86\n", + "After maximization:\n", + "x= [ 1.99993372 0.99996476]\n", + "f(x)= -1.99999999779\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from scipy.optimize import fmin\n", + "def fx(x):\n", + " f=-(2*x[0]*x[1]+2*x[0]-x[0]**2-2*x[1]**2)\n", + " return f\n", + "x=fmin(fx,[-1, 1])\n", + "print \"After maximization:\"\n", + "print \"x=\",x\n", + "print \"f(x)=\",fx(x)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:15.7 Pg: 408" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Optimization terminated successfully.\n", + " Current function value: -1.775726\n", + " Iterations: 26\n", + " Function evaluations: 52\n", + "After maximization:\n", + "x= [ 1.4275625]\n", + "f(x)= [-1.77572565]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from scipy.optimize import fmin\n", + "from math import sin\n", + "\n", + "def fx(x):\n", + " y=-(2*sin(x)-x**2/10)\n", + " return y\n", + "x=fmin(fx,0)\n", + "print \"After maximization:\"\n", + "print \"x=\",x\n", + "print \"f(x)=\",fx(x)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter17_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter17_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..14e89b11 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter17_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,607 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-17 : Least-squares Regression" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:17.1 Pg: 458" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sum of product of x and y = 119.5\n", + "sum of square of x = 140\n", + "sum of all the x = 28\n", + "sum of all the y = 24.0\n", + "a1 = 0.839285714286\n", + "a0 = 0.0714285714286\n", + "The equation of the line obtained is y = a0 + a1*x\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]#\n", + "y = [0.5,2.5,2,4,3.5,6,5.5]#\n", + "n = 7#\n", + "s = 0#\n", + "xsq = 0#\n", + "xsum = 0#\n", + "ysum = 0#\n", + "\n", + "for i in range(0,7):\n", + " s = s + (x[i])*y[i]\n", + " xsq = xsq + x[i]**2\n", + " xsum = xsum + x[i]\n", + " ysum = ysum + y[i]\n", + "\n", + "print \"sum of product of x and y =\",s\n", + "print \"sum of square of x = \",xsq\n", + "print \"sum of all the x = \",xsum\n", + "print \"sum of all the y = \",ysum\n", + "a = xsum/n#\n", + "b = ysum/n#\n", + "a1 = (n*s - xsum*ysum)/(n*xsq -xsum**2)#\n", + "a0 = b - a*a1#\n", + "print \"a1 = \",a1\n", + "print \"a0 = \",a0\n", + "print \"The equation of the line obtained is y = a0 + a1*x\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:17.2 Pg: 462" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sum of all y = 24.0\n", + "\n", + "(yi - yavg)**2 = [0.010204081632653073, 2.010204081632653, 1.510204081632653, 3.510204081632653, 3.010204081632653, 5.510204081632653, 5.010204081632653]\n", + "\n", + "total (yi - yavg)**2 = 20.5714285714\n", + "\n", + "(yi - a0 - a1*x)**2 = [-0.4107142857142855, -0.9285714285714284, -5.625, -9.5, -17.55357142857143, -24.285714285714285, -35.69642857142857]\n", + "\n", + "total (yi - a0 - a1*x)**2 = -94.0\n", + "\n", + "sy = 1.85164019955\n", + "r = 2.35996704308\n", + "The result indicate that 86.8 percent of the original uncertainty has been explained by linear model\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]#\n", + "y = [0.5,2.5,2,4,3.5,6,5.5]#\n", + "n = 7#\n", + "s = 0#\n", + "ssum = 0#\n", + "xsq = 0#\n", + "xsum = 0#\n", + "ysum = 0#\n", + "msum = 0#\n", + "for i in range(0,7):\n", + " s = s + x[i]*y[i]\n", + " xsq = xsq + x[i]**2\n", + " xsum = xsum + x[i]\n", + " ysum = ysum + y[i]\n", + "\n", + "a = xsum/n#\n", + "b = ysum/n#\n", + "a1 = (n*s - xsum*ysum)/(n*xsq -xsum**2)#\n", + "a0 = b - a*a1#\n", + "m=[];si=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,7):\n", + " m.append(y[i] - ysum/7**2)\n", + " msum = msum +m[i]#\n", + " si.append(y[i] - a0 - a1*x[i]**2)\n", + " ssum = ssum + si[i]\n", + "\n", + "print \"sum of all y =\",ysum\n", + "print \"\\n(yi - yavg)**2 = \",m\n", + "print \"\\ntotal (yi - yavg)**2 = \",msum\n", + "print \"\\n(yi - a0 - a1*x)**2 = \",si\n", + "print \"\\ntotal (yi - a0 - a1*x)**2 = \",ssum\n", + "sy = (msum / (n-1))**(0.5)#\n", + "#sxy = (ssum/(n-2))**(0.5)#\n", + "print \"\\nsy = \",sy\n", + "#print \"sxy = \",sxy\n", + "r2 = (msum - ssum)/(msum)#\n", + "r = r2**0.5#\n", + "print \"r = \",r\n", + "print \"The result indicate that 86.8 percent of the original uncertainty has been explained by linear model\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:17.3 Pg: 463" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "time = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]\n", + "\n", + "measured v = [10, 16.3, 23, 27.5, 31, 35.6, 39, 41.5, 42.9, 45, 46, 45.5, 46, 49, 50]\n", + "\n", + "using equation(1.10) v1 = [8.953182207901257, 16.404980802870615, 22.607166909502304, 27.769291463870154, 32.06576523242002, 35.641751563129084, 38.61807096510561, 41.09528322582064, 43.15708498693595, 44.87313757134839, 46.30142060418256, 47.490190948641704, 48.479613142547706, 49.30311642251821, 49.988524185047744]\n", + "\n", + "using equation((17.3)) v2 = [11.240084210526316, 18.57057391304348, 23.729066666666665, 27.556335483870967, 30.5088, 32.855630769230764, 34.765841860465116, 36.35091063829787, 37.68734117647059, 38.82938181818182, 39.81656949152543, 40.678399999999996, 41.43732537313433, 42.11073802816901, 42.712320000000005]\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f2a3c39d2d0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "from math import exp\n", + "s = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]#\n", + "v = [10,16.3,23,27.5,31,35.6,39,41.5,42.9,45,46,45.5,46,49,50]#\n", + "g = 9.8#m/s**2\n", + "m = 68.1##kg\n", + "c = 12.5#kg/s\n", + "v1=[]\n", + "v2=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,15):\n", + " v1.append(g*m*(1 - exp(-c*s[(i)]/m))/c)\n", + " v2.append(g*m*s[(i)]/(c*(3.75+s[(i)])))\n", + "\n", + "print \"time = \",s\n", + "print \"\\nmeasured v =\",v\n", + "print \"\\nusing equation(1.10) v1 = \",v1\n", + "print \"\\nusing equation((17.3)) v2 = \",v2\n", + "plot(v,v1)#\n", + "title('v vs v1')\n", + "xlabel('v')\n", + "ylabel('v1')#\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:17.4 Pg: 468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a= 0.501187233627\n", + "x= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n", + "y= [0.5011872336272722, 1.6857861925123965, 3.4273795077270295, 5.670286264671531, 8.379102586654781]\n", + "m= [0.0, 0.3010299956639812, 0.47712125471966244, 0.6020599913279624, 0.6989700043360189]\n", + "n= [-0.30000000000000004, 0.226802492411967, 0.5349621957594092, 0.7536049848239341, 0.9231975075880328]\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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Sv0IAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f7762cd79d0>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log10\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "\n", + "#y = a*x**b\n", + "a1 = -0.3000#\n", + "a = 10**(a1)#\n", + "b = 1.75#\n", + "print \"a=\",a\n", + "x=[];y=[];m=[];n=[];\n", + "for i in range(0,5):\n", + " x.append(i+1)\n", + " y.append(a*x[(i)]**b)\n", + " m.append(log10(x[(i)]))\n", + " n.append(log10(y[(i)]))\n", + "\n", + "print \"x=\",x\n", + "print \"y=\",y\n", + "print \"m=\",m\n", + "print \"n=\",n\n", + "plot(x,y)\n", + "title('y vs x')\n", + "xlabel('x')\n", + "ylabel('y')\n", + "show()\n", + "plot(m,n)\n", + "title('log y vs log x')\n", + "xlabel('log x')\n", + "ylabel('log y')\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:17.5 Pg: 471" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sum y = 152.6\n", + "sum x = 15\n", + "xavg = 2\n", + "yavg = 25.4333333333\n", + "sum x**2 = 55\n", + "sum x**3 = 225\n", + "sum x**4 = 979\n", + "sum x*y = 585.6\n", + "sum x**2 * y = 2488.8\n", + "(yi - yavg)**2 = [4.41, 41.173611111111114, 60.58027777777777, 60.580277777777745, 33.446944444444505, 1332.2500000000005]\n", + "(yi - a0 - a1*x - a2*x**2)**2 = [0.14331632653056853, 1.0028591836732743, 1.0816000000005044, 0.80486530612177265, 0.61959387755180939, 0.094336734693502053]\n", + "The standard error of the estimate based on regression polynomial = 1.11752277062\n", + "Percentage of original uncertainty that has been explained by the model = 99.7555161238 %\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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EJGcU/CIiOaPgFxHJGQW/SCOZ2b5mNsvM2pjZxslNYXaLXZdIU+nKXZEmMLPL\ngA2BtsACd786ckkiTabgF2mCZJXQacDnwIGuf0BShjTqEWmarYCNgU0IXb9I2VHHL9IEZjYCGAps\nD3R09/MilyTSZK1iFyBSLszsVOAf7v6QmbUAnjezgrsXI5cm0iTq+EVEckYzfhGRnFHwi4jkjIJf\nRCRnFPwiIjmj4BcRyRkFv4hIzij4RURyRsEvIpIz/wdyyqrOJ80ArAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f777c4e0a90>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "x = [0,1,2,3,4,5]#\n", + "y = [2.1,7.7,13.6,27.2,40.9,61.1]#\n", + "sumy = 0#\n", + "sumx = 0#\n", + "m = 2#\n", + "n = 6#\n", + "xsqsum = 0#\n", + "xcsum = 0#\n", + "x4sum = 0#\n", + "xysum = 0#\n", + "x2ysum = 0#\n", + "rsum = 0#\n", + "usum = 0#\n", + "r=[];s=0\n", + "for i in range(0,6):\n", + " s = s + x[i]*y[i]\n", + " sumy = sumy+y[(i)]\n", + " sumx = sumx+x[(i)]\n", + " r.append((y[(i)] - s/n)**2)\n", + " xsqsum = xsqsum + x[(i)]**2\n", + " xcsum = xcsum +x[(i)]**3\n", + " x4sum = x4sum + x[(i)]**4\n", + " xysum = xysum + x[(i)]*y[(i)]\n", + " x2ysum = x2ysum + y[(i)]*x[(i)]**2\n", + " rsum = r[(i)] + rsum\n", + "\n", + "print \"sum y =\",sumy\n", + "print \"sum x =\",sumx\n", + "xavg = sumx/n#\n", + "yavg = sumy/n#\n", + "print \"xavg = \",xavg\n", + "print \"yavg = \",yavg\n", + "print \"sum x**2 =\",xsqsum\n", + "print \"sum x**3 =\",xcsum\n", + "print \"sum x**4 =\",x4sum\n", + "print \"sum x*y =\",xysum\n", + "print \"sum x**2 * y =\",x2ysum\n", + "J = mat([[n,sumx,xsqsum],[sumx,xsqsum,xcsum],[xsqsum,xcsum,x4sum]])\n", + "I = mat([[sumy],[xysum],[x2ysum]])\n", + "X = (J**-1)* I\n", + "a0 = X[0,0]\n", + "a1 = X[1,0]\n", + "a2 = X[2,0]\n", + "u=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,6):\n", + " u.append((y[(i) ]- a0 - a1*x[(i)] - a2*x[(i)]**2)**2)\n", + " usum = usum + u[i]\n", + "\n", + "print \"(yi - yavg)**2 = \",r\n", + "print \"(yi - a0 - a1*x - a2*x**2)**2 = \",u\n", + "plot(x,y)#\n", + "title('x vs y')\n", + "xlabel('x')\n", + "ylabel('y') \n", + "syx = (usum/(n-3))**0.5#\n", + "print \"The standard error of the estimate based on regression polynomial =\",syx\n", + "R2 = (rsum - usum)/(rsum)#\n", + "print \"Percentage of original uncertainty that has been explained by the model = \",R2*100,'%'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:17.6 Pg: 475" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a0= -0.850183257587\n", + "a1= 7.17727605923\n", + "a2= 2.80543175487\n", + "Thus, y = a0 + a1*x1 + a2*x2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat\n", + "x1 = [0,2,2.5,1,4,7]\n", + "x2 = [0,1,2,3,6,2]\n", + "x1sum = 0#\n", + "x2sum = 0#\n", + "ysum = 0#\n", + "x12sum = 0#\n", + "x22sum = 0#\n", + "x1ysum = 0#\n", + "x2ysum = 0#\n", + "x1x2sum = 0#\n", + "n = 6#\n", + "x12=[];x22=[];x1x2=[];x1y=[];x2y=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,6):\n", + " y.append(5 + 4*x1[(i)] - 3*x2[(i)])\n", + " x12.append(x1[(i)]**2)\n", + " x22.append(x2[(i)]**2)\n", + " x1x2.append(x1[(i)] * x2[(i)])\n", + " x1y.append(x1[(i)] * y[(i)])\n", + " x2y.append(x2[(i)] * y[(i)])\n", + " x1sum = x1sum + x1[(i)]\n", + " x2sum = x2sum + x2[(i)]\n", + " ysum = ysum + y[(i)]\n", + " x1ysum = x1ysum + x1y[(i)]#\n", + " x2ysum = x2ysum + x2y[(i)]#\n", + " x1x2sum = x1x2sum + x1x2[(i)]#\n", + " x12sum = x12sum + x12[(i)]#\n", + " x22sum = x22sum + x22[(i)]#\n", + "\n", + "X = mat([[n,x1sum,x2sum],[x1sum,x12sum,x1x2sum],[x2sum,x1x2sum,x22sum]])\n", + "Y = mat([[ysum],[x1ysum],[x2ysum]])\n", + "Z = (X**-1)*Y\n", + "a0 = Z[0,0]\n", + "a1 = Z[1,0]\n", + "a2 = Z[2,0]\n", + "print \"a0=\",a0\n", + "print \"a1=\",a1\n", + "print \"a2=\",a2\n", + "print \"Thus, y = a0 + a1*x1 + a2*x2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:17.7 Pg: 479" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a0= -0.858655686175\n", + "a1= 1.03160389481\n", + "standard error of co efficient a0 = 0.716371758333\n", + "standard error of co efficient a1 = 0.0186248847544\n", + "interval of a0 = [-2.4062823089821084, 0.68897093663270859]\n", + "interval of a1 = [0.99136728978321009, 1.0718404998372961]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat,exp,transpose,shape,array\n", + "#y = -0.859 + 1.032*x\n", + "Z = mat([[1,10],[1,16.3],[1,23],[1,27.5],[1,31],[1,35.6],[1,39],[1,41.5],[1,42.9],[1,45],[1,46],[1,45.5],[1,46],[1,49],[1,50]])\n", + "Y=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,15):\n", + " Y.append(9.8*68.1*(1-exp(-12.5*(i+1)/68.1))/12.5)\n", + "Y=array(Y)\n", + "Y=Y.reshape(15,1)\n", + "M = transpose(Z)\n", + "R = M*Z#\n", + "S = M*Y#\n", + "P = (R**-1)#\n", + "X = (R**-1)*S#\n", + "a0 = X[0,0]\n", + "a1 = X[1,0]\n", + "print \"a0=\",a0\n", + "print \"a1=\",a1\n", + "sxy = 0.863403#\n", + "sa0 = ((P[0,0]) * sxy**2)**0.5\n", + "sa1 = (P[1,1] * sxy**2)**0.5\n", + "print \"standard error of co efficient a0 = \",sa0\n", + "print \"standard error of co efficient a1 = \",sa1\n", + "TINV = 2.160368#\n", + "a0 = [a0 - TINV*(sa0),a0 + TINV*(sa0)]#\n", + "a1 = [a1 - TINV*(sa1),a1 + TINV*(sa1)]#\n", + "print \"interval of a0 = \",a0\n", + "print \"interval of a1 = \",a1" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:17.8 Pg: 481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Z0 = [[ 0.22119922 0.1947002 ]\n", + " [ 0.52763345 0.35427491]\n", + " [ 0.7134952 0.358131 ]\n", + " [ 0.82622606 0.3041044 ]\n", + " [ 0.89460078 0.23714826]]\n", + "D = [[ 0.05880078]\n", + " [ 0.04236655]\n", + " [-0.0334952 ]\n", + " [-0.08622606]\n", + " [-0.10460078]]\n", + "X = [[-0.27147736]\n", + " [ 0.50193087]]\n", + "The value of a0 after 1st iteration = 0.728522640015\n", + "The value of a1 after 1st iteration = 1.5019308677\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "from numpy import array,transpose,mat\n", + "x = [0.25,0.75,1.25,1.75,2.25]#\n", + "y = [0.28,0.57,0.68,0.74,0.79]#\n", + "a0 = 1#\n", + "a1 = 1#\n", + "sr = 0.0248#\n", + "pda0=[];pda1=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,5):\n", + " pda0.append(1 - exp(-a1 * x[(i)]))\n", + " pda1.append(a0 * x[(i)]*exp(-a1*x[(i)]))\n", + "\n", + "Z0 = mat([[pda0[0],pda1[0]],[pda0[1],pda1[1]],[pda0[2],pda1[2]],[pda0[3],pda1[3]],[pda0[4],pda1[4]]])\n", + "print \"Z0 = \",Z0\n", + "R = transpose(Z0)*Z0\n", + "S = (R**-1)\n", + "y1=[];D=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,5):\n", + " y1.append(a0 * (1-exp(-a1*x[(i)])))\n", + " D.append(y[(i)] - y1[(i)])\n", + "D=array(D) \n", + "D=D.reshape(5,1)\n", + "print \"D = \",D\n", + "M = transpose(Z0)*D\n", + "X = S *M#\n", + "print \"X = \",X\n", + "a0 = a0 + X[0,0]\n", + "a1 = a1 + X[1,0]\n", + "print \"The value of a0 after 1st iteration = \",a0\n", + "print \"The value of a1 after 1st iteration = \",a1" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter18_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter18_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e44e3a7b --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter18_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,268 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-18 : Interpolation" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:18.1 Pg: 490" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "value of ln2 for interpolation region 1 to 6 = 0.3583518\n", + "error by interpolation for interval[1,6] = 48.3007635246 %\n", + "value of ln2 for interpolation region 1 to 6 = 0.462098\n", + "error by interpolation for interval[1,6] = 33.3333506995 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "#f1(x) = f0(x) +(f(x1) - f(x0) *(x - x0)/ (x1 - x0)\n", + "x = 2#\n", + "x0 = 1#\n", + "x1 = 6#\n", + "m = 1.791759#\n", + "n = 0#\n", + "r = log(2)#\n", + "f = 0 + (m - n) * (x - x0) / (x1 - x0)#\n", + "print \"value of ln2 for interpolation region 1 to 6 =\",f\n", + "e = (r - f) * 100/r#\n", + "print \"error by interpolation for interval[1,6] =\",e,\"%\"\n", + "x2 = 4#\n", + "p = 1.386294#\n", + "f = 0 + (p - n) * (x - x0) / (x2 - x0)#\n", + "print \"value of ln2 for interpolation region 1 to 6 =\",f\n", + "e = (r - f) * 100/r#\n", + "print \"error by interpolation for interval[1,6] =\",e,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:18.2 Pg: 492" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "b0 = 0\n", + "b1 = 0.462098\n", + "b2 = -0.0518731\n", + "f(2) = 0.5658442\n", + "error = 18.3659378744 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "x = 2#\n", + "x0 = 1#\n", + "m = 0#\n", + "x1 = 4#\n", + "n = 1.386294#\n", + "x2 = 6#\n", + "p = 1.791759#\n", + "b0 = m#\n", + "b1 = (n - m)/(x1 - x0)#\n", + "b2 = ((p - n)/(x2 - x1) - (n - m)/(x1 - x0))/(x2 - x0)#\n", + "print \"b0 = \",b0\n", + "print \"b1 = \",b1\n", + "print \"b2 = \",b2\n", + "f = b0 + b1*(x - x0) + b2*(x - x0)*(x - x1)#\n", + "print \"f(2) = \",f\n", + "r = log(2)#\n", + "e = (r -f)*100/r#\n", + "print \"error = \",e,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:18.3 Pg: 494" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "b0 = 0\n", + "b1 = 0.462098\n", + "b2 = -0.0518731\n", + "b3 = 0.0078654\n", + "f(2) = 0.6287674\n", + "error = 9.28803901474 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "x = 2#\n", + "x0 = 1#\n", + "m = 0#\n", + "x1 = 4#\n", + "n = 1.386294#\n", + "x3 = 5#\n", + "p = 1.609438#\n", + "x2 = 6#\n", + "o = 1.791759#\n", + "f01 = (m - n)/(x0 - x1)#\n", + "f12 = (n - o)/(x1 - x2)#\n", + "f23 = (p - o)/(x3 - x2)#\n", + "f210 = (f12 - f01)/(x2 - x0)#\n", + "f321 = (f23 - f12)/(x3 - x1)#\n", + "f0123 = (f321 - f210) / (x3 - x0)#\n", + "b0 = m#\n", + "b1 = f01#\n", + "b2 = f210#\n", + "b3 = f0123#\n", + "print \"b0 = \",b0\n", + "print \"b1 = \",b1\n", + "print \"b2 = \",b2\n", + "print \"b3 = \",b3\n", + "f = b0 + b1*(x - x0) + b2*(x - x0)*(x - x1) + b3*(x - x0)*(x - x1)*(x - x2)#\n", + "print \"f(2) = \",f\n", + "r = log(2)#\n", + "e = (r -f)*100/r#\n", + "print \"error = \",e,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:18.4 Pg: 496" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "error R2 = 0.0629232\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "x = 2#\n", + "x0 = 1#\n", + "m = 0#\n", + "x1 = 4#\n", + "n = 1.386294#\n", + "x3 = 5#\n", + "p = 1.609438#\n", + "x2 = 6#\n", + "o = 1.791759#\n", + "f01 = (m - n)/(x0 - x1)#\n", + "f12 = (n - o)/(x1 - x2)#\n", + "f23 = (p - o)/(x3 - x2)#\n", + "f210 = (f12 - f01)/(x2 - x0)#\n", + "f321 = (f23 - f12)/(x3 - x1)#\n", + "f0123 = (f321 - f210) / (x3 - x0)#\n", + "b0 = m#\n", + "b1 = f01#\n", + "b2 = f210#\n", + "b3 = f0123#\n", + "R2 = b3 * (x - x0) * (x - x1)*(x-x2)#\n", + "print \"error R2 = \",R2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:18.6 Pg: 501" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "first order polynomial f1(2) = 0.462098\n", + "second order polynomial f2(2) = 0.5658442\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "x = 2#\n", + "x0 = 1#\n", + "m = 0#\n", + "x1 = 4#\n", + "n = 1.386294#\n", + "x2 = 6#\n", + "p = 1.791759#\n", + "f1 = (x - x1)*m/((x0 - x)) + (x- x0) * n/(x1 - x0)#\n", + "print \"first order polynomial f1(2) = \",f1\n", + "f2 = (x - x1)*(x - x2)*m/((x0 - x1)*(x0 - x2)) + (x - x0)*(x - x2)*n/((x1-x0)*(x1-x2)) + (x - x0)*(x - x1)*p/((x2 - x0)*(x2 - x1))#\n", + "print \"second order polynomial f2(2) = \",f2" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter19_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter19_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cbe17ebc --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter19_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,268 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "collapsed": true + }, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-19 : Fourier Approximation" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:19.1 Pg: 529" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The least square fit is y=A0+A1*cos(w0*t)+A2*sin(w0*t), where\n", + "A0= 1.70003783298\n", + "A1= 0.500211429839\n", + "B1= -0.866058310862\n", + "Alternatively, the least square fit can be expressed as\n", + "y=A0+C1*cos(w0*t + theta), where\n", + "A0= 1.70003783298\n", + "Theta= 1.04703092349\n", + "C1= 1.00013422717\n", + "Or\n", + "y=A0+C1*sin(w0*t + theta + pi/2), where\n", + "A0= 1.70003783298\n", + "Theta= 1.04703092349\n", + "C1= 1.00013422717\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import sin,cos,atan\n", + "def f(t):\n", + " y=1.7+cos(4.189*t+1.0472)\n", + " return y\n", + "deltat=0.15#\n", + "t1=0#\n", + "t2=1.35#\n", + "omega=4.189#\n", + "Del=(t2-t1)/9#\n", + "t=[]\n", + "for i in range(1,11):\n", + " t.append(t1+Del*(i-1))\n", + "\n", + "sumy=0#\n", + "suma=0#\n", + "sumb=0#\n", + "y=[];a=[];b=[]\n", + "for i in range(1,11):\n", + " y.append(f(t[i-1]))\n", + " a.append(y[(i-1)]*cos(omega*t[(i-1)]))\n", + " b.append(y[i-1]*sin(omega*t[i-1]))\n", + " sumy=sumy+y[i-1]\n", + " suma=suma+a[i-1]\n", + " sumb=sumb+b[i-1]\n", + "\n", + "A0=sumy/10#\n", + "A1=2*suma/10#\n", + "B1=2*sumb/10#\n", + "print \"The least square fit is y=A0+A1*cos(w0*t)+A2*sin(w0*t), where\"\n", + "print \"A0=\",A0\n", + "print \"A1=\",A1\n", + "print \"B1=\",B1\n", + "theta=atan(-B1/A1)#\n", + "C1=(A1**2 + B1**2)**0.5#\n", + "print \"Alternatively, the least square fit can be expressed as\"\n", + "print \"y=A0+C1*cos(w0*t + theta), where\"\n", + "print \"A0=\",A0\n", + "print \"Theta=\",theta\n", + "print \"C1=\",C1\n", + "print \"Or\"\n", + "print \"y=A0+C1*sin(w0*t + theta + pi/2), where\"\n", + "print \"A0=\",A0\n", + "print \"Theta=\",theta\n", + "print \"C1=\",C1\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:19.2 Pg: 532" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The fourier approximtion is:\n", + "4/(pi)*cos(w)*t) - 4/(3*pi)*cos(3*(w)*t) + 4/(5*pi)*cos(5*(w)*t) - 4/(7*pi)*cos(7*(w)*t) + .....\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a0=0#\n", + "#f(t)=-1 for -T/2 to -T/4\n", + "#f(t)=1 for -T/4 to T/4\n", + "#f(t)=-1 for T/4 to T/2\n", + "#ak=2/T* (integration of f(t)*cos(w0*t) from -T/2 to T/2)\n", + "#ak=2/T*((integration of f(t)*cos(w0*t) from -T/2 to -T/4) + (integration of f(t)*cos(w0*t) from -T/4 to T/4) + (integration of f(t)*cos(w0*t) from T/4 to T/2))\n", + "#Therefore, \n", + "#ak=4/(k*pi) for k=1,5,9,.....\n", + "#ak=-4/(k*pi) for k=3,7,11,.....\n", + "#ak=0 for k=even integers\n", + "#similarly we find the b's.\n", + "#all the b's=0\n", + "print \"The fourier approximtion is:\"\n", + "print \"4/(pi)*cos(w)*t) - 4/(3*pi)*cos(3*(w)*t) + 4/(5*pi)*cos(5*(w)*t) - 4/(7*pi)*cos(7*(w)*t) + .....\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:19.3 Pg: 550" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f1a75daff90>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,log\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "x=arange(0.5,5.6,0.5)\n", + "y=[]\n", + "for i in range(1,12):\n", + " y.append(0.9846*log(x[i-1])+1.0004)\n", + "\n", + "plot(x,y)\n", + "title(\"y vs x\")\n", + "xlabel(\"x\")\n", + "ylabel(\"y\")\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:19.6 Pg: 555" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The cubic polynomial is y=a0 + a1*x + a2*x**2 + a3*x**3, where a0, a1, a2 and a3 are\n", + "[[ 1.67644593 0.76697402 0.5511316 0.46451844]\n", + " [ 2.56065822 1.84003582 1.55086475 1.40157818]\n", + " [ 3.36495108 2.83613174 2.5631251 2.40990305]\n", + " [ 3.94388659 3.56424723 3.35117872 3.23471752]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import nditer,mat,divide\n", + "x=[0.05, 0.12, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 ,0.7 ,0.84 ,1.05]\n", + "y=[0.957, 0.851, 0.832, 0.72 ,0.583, 0.378, 0.295, 0.156]\n", + "sx=sum(x)#\n", + "sxx=0\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " sxx+=xx*xx\n", + "sx3=0\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " sx3+=xx*xx*xx\n", + "sx4=0\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " sx4+=xx*xx*xx*xx\n", + "\n", + "sx5=0\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " sx5+=xx*xx*xx*xx*xx\n", + " \n", + "sx6=0\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " sx6+=xx*xx*xx*xx*xx*xx\n", + "\n", + "n=8#\n", + "sy=sum(y)#\n", + "sxy=0\n", + "for xx,yy in nditer([x,y]):\n", + " sxy+=xx*yy\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "sx2y=0\n", + "for xx,yy in nditer([x,y]):\n", + " sx2y+=xx*xx*yy\n", + "\n", + "sx3y=0\n", + "for xx,yy in nditer([x,y]):\n", + " sx3y+=xx*xx*xx*yy\n", + "\n", + "m=mat([[n, sx, sxx ,sx3],[sx, sxx, sx3, sx4],[sxx, sx3, sx4, sx5],[sx3, sx4, sx5, sx6]])\n", + "p=mat([[sy],[sxy],[sx2y],[sx3y]])\n", + "a=divide(m,p)\n", + "print \"The cubic polynomial is y=a0 + a1*x + a2*x**2 + a3*x**3, where a0, a1, a2 and a3 are\"\n", + "print a" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter1_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter1_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4e34a107 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter1_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# CHAPTER 1 : Mathematical Modeling And Engineering Problem Solving" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 1.1 Pg : 14" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Time(s) = 0\tv(m/s) = 0.00\n", + "Time(s) = 2\tv(m/s) = 16.40\n", + "Time(s) = 4\tv(m/s) = 27.77\n", + "Time(s) = 6\tv(m/s) = 35.64\n", + "Time(s) = 8\tv(m/s) = 41.10\n", + "Time(s) = 10\tv(m/s) = 44.87\n", + "Time(s) = inf\tv(m/s) = 53.39\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange, exp, inf\n", + "g=9.8##m/s**2# acceleration due to gravity\n", + "m=68.1##kg\n", + "c=12.5##kg/sec# drag coefficient\n", + "v=[]\n", + "j=0\n", + "for i in arange(0,12,2):\n", + " v.append(g*m*(1-exp(-c*i/m))/c)\n", + " print \"Time(s) = %d\\t\"%i,\"v(m/s) = %0.2f\"%v[j]\n", + " j+=1\n", + "print \"Time(s) = %0.2f\\t\"%inf,\"v(m/s) = %0.2f\"%(g*m/c)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 1.2 Pg :17" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Time(s) = 0\tv(m/s) = 0.00\n", + "Time(s) = 2\tv(m/s) = 19.60\n", + "Time(s) = 4\tv(m/s) = 12.40\n", + "Time(s) = 6\tv(m/s) = 34.65\n", + "Time(s) = 8\tv(m/s) = 19.29\n", + "Time(s) = 10\tv(m/s) = 47.17\n", + "Time(s) = 12\tv(m/s) = 21.57\n", + "Time(s) = inf\tv(m/s) = 53.39\t\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange, exp, inf\n", + "g=9.8##m/s**2# acceleration due to gravity\n", + "m=68.1##kg\n", + "c=12.5##kg/sec# drag coefficient\n", + "count=0#\n", + "v=[]\n", + "v.append(0)\n", + "print \"Time(s) = %d\\t\"%(0),\"v(m/s) = %0.2f\"%v[0]\n", + "\n", + "for i in arange(1,13,2):\n", + " v.append(v[(count-1)]+(g-c*v[(count)]/m)*(2))\n", + " print \"Time(s) = %d\\t\"%(i+1),\"v(m/s) = %0.2f\"%v[(count+1)]\n", + " count=count+1#\n", + "\n", + "print \"Time(s) = %0.2f\\t\"%inf,\"v(m/s) = %0.2f\\t\"%(g*m/c)\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter21_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter21_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eaae38ce --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter21_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,737 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 21 Newtin-cotes integration formula" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 21.1 Pg : 612" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The Error Et= 1.468\n", + "The percent relative error et= 89.467 %\n", + "The approximate error estimate without using the true value= 2.56\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=(0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5)\n", + " return y\n", + "tval=1.640533#\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=0.8#\n", + "fa=f(a)#\n", + "fb=f(b)#\n", + "l=(b-a)*((fa+fb)/2)#\n", + "Et=tval-l##error\n", + "et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + "\n", + "#by using approximate error estimate\n", + "\n", + "#the second derivative of f\n", + "def g(x):\n", + " y=-400+4050*x-10800*x**2+8000*x**3\n", + " return y\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "f2x=quad(g,[0,0.8])/(b-a)##average value of second derivative\n", + "Ea=-(1/12)*(f2x)*(b-a)**3#\n", + "print \"The Error Et=\",round(Et,3)\n", + "print \"The percent relative error et=\",round(et,3),\"%\"\n", + "print \"The approximate error estimate without using the true value=\",Ea" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 21.2 Pg : 613" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The Error Et= 0.572\n", + "The percent relative error et= 34.85 %\n", + "The approximate error estimate without using the true value= 0.64\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", + "\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=(0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5)\n", + " return y\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=0.8#\n", + "tval=1.640533#\n", + "n=2#\n", + "h=(b-a)/n#\n", + "fa=f(a)#\n", + "fb=f(b)#\n", + "fh=f(h)#\n", + "l=(b-a)*(fa+2*fh+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + "Et=tval-l##error\n", + "et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + "\n", + "#by using approximate error estimate\n", + "\n", + "#the second derivative of f\n", + "def g(x):\n", + " y=-400+4050*x-10800*x**2+8000*x**3\n", + " return y\n", + "f2x=quad(g,[0,0.8])/(b-a)##average value of second derivative\n", + "Ea=-(1/12)*(f2x)*(b-a)**3/(n**2)#\n", + "print \"The Error Et=\",round(Et,3)\n", + "print \"The percent relative error et=\",round(et,3),\"%\"\n", + "print \"The approximate error estimate without using the true value=\",Ea" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex :21.3 Pg : 614" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "No. of segments= 10\n", + "Segment size= 1.0\n", + "Estimated d= 288.749146143 m\n", + "0.237014701487 et(%)\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 20\n", + "Segment size= 0.5\n", + "Estimated d= 289.263574224 m\n", + "0.0592795228803 et(%)\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 50\n", + "Segment size= 0.2\n", + "Estimated d= 298.382319223 m\n", + "et(%) -3.09125177877\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 100\n", + "Segment size= 0.1\n", + "Estimated d= 293.915596452 m\n", + "et(%) -1.54799665905\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 100\n", + "Segment size= 0.1\n", + "Estimated d= 293.915596452 m\n", + "et(%) -1.54799665905\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 200\n", + "Segment size= 0.05\n", + "Estimated d= 289.43343055 m\n", + "et(%) 0.000594070904571\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 200\n", + "Segment size= 0.05\n", + "Estimated d= 289.43343055 m\n", + "et(%) 0.000594070904571\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 500\n", + "Segment size= 0.02\n", + "Estimated d= 290.332334709 m\n", + "et(%) -0.309977799375\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 1000\n", + "Segment size= 0.01\n", + "Estimated d= 289.883809248 m\n", + "et(%) -0.155012011658\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 2000\n", + "Segment size= 0.005\n", + "Estimated d= 289.435129352 m\n", + "et(%) 7.13401428866e-06\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 2000\n", + "Segment size= 0.005\n", + "Estimated d= 289.435129352 m\n", + "et(%) 7.13401428866e-06\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 5000\n", + "Segment size= 0.002\n", + "Estimated d= 289.435143766 m\n", + "et(%) 2.15393877364e-06\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 5000\n", + "Segment size= 0.002\n", + "Estimated d= 289.435143766 m\n", + "et(%) 2.15393877364e-06\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n", + "No. of segments= 10000\n", + "Segment size= 0.001\n", + "Estimated d= 289.480018962 m\n", + "et(%) -0.0155022506708\n", + "---------------------------------------------------------\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange, exp\n", + "g=9.8##m/s**2# acceleration due to gravity\n", + "m=68.1##kg\n", + "c=12.5##kg/sec# drag coefficient\n", + "def f(t):\n", + " from numpy import exp\n", + " v=g*m*(1-exp(-c*t/m))/c\n", + " return v\n", + "tval=289.43515##m\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=10#\n", + "fa=f(a)#\n", + "fb=f(b)#\n", + "\n", + "for i in arange(10,21,10):\n", + " n=i#\n", + " h=(b-a)/n#\n", + " print \"No. of segments=\",i\n", + " print \"Segment size=\",h\n", + " j=a+h#\n", + " s=0#\n", + " while j<b:\n", + " s=s+f(j)#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + " \n", + " l=(b-a)*(fa+2*s+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + " Et=tval-l##error\n", + " et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + " print \"Estimated d=\",l,\"m\"\n", + " print et,\"et(%)\"\n", + " print \"---------------------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "for i in arange(50,101,50):\n", + " n=i#\n", + " h=(b-a)/n#\n", + " print \"No. of segments=\",i\n", + " print \"Segment size=\",h\n", + " j=a+h#\n", + " s=0#\n", + " while j<b:\n", + " s=s+f(j)#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + " \n", + " l=(b-a)*(fa+2*s+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + " Et=tval-l##error\n", + " et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + " print \"Estimated d=\",l,\"m\"\n", + " print \"et(%)\",et\n", + " print \"---------------------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "for i in arange(100,201,100):\n", + " n=i#\n", + " h=(b-a)/n#\n", + " print \"No. of segments=\",i\n", + " print \"Segment size=\",h\n", + " j=a+h#\n", + " s=0#\n", + " while j<b:\n", + " s=s+f(j)#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + " \n", + " l=(b-a)*(fa+2*s+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + " Et=tval-l##error\n", + " et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + " print \"Estimated d=\",l,\"m\"\n", + " print \"et(%)\",et\n", + " print \"---------------------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "for i in arange(200,501,300):\n", + " n=i#\n", + " h=(b-a)/n#\n", + " print \"No. of segments=\",i\n", + " print \"Segment size=\",h\n", + " j=a+h#\n", + " s=0#\n", + " while j<b:\n", + " s=s+f(j)#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + " \n", + " l=(b-a)*(fa+2*s+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + " Et=tval-l##error\n", + " et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + " print \"Estimated d=\",l,\"m\"\n", + " print \"et(%)\",et\n", + " print \"---------------------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "for i in arange(1000,2001,1000):\n", + " n=i#\n", + " h=(b-a)/n#\n", + " print \"No. of segments=\",i\n", + " print \"Segment size=\",h\n", + " j=a+h#\n", + " s=0#\n", + " while j<b:\n", + " s=s+f(j)#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + " \n", + " l=(b-a)*(fa+2*s+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + " Et=tval-l##error\n", + " et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + " print \"Estimated d=\",l,\"m\"\n", + " print \"et(%)\",et\n", + " print \"---------------------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "for i in arange(2000,5001,3000):\n", + " n=i#\n", + " h=(b-a)/n#\n", + " print \"No. of segments=\",i\n", + " print \"Segment size=\",h\n", + " j=a+h#\n", + " s=0#\n", + " while j<b:\n", + " s=s+f(j)#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + " \n", + " l=(b-a)*(fa+2*s+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + " Et=tval-l##error\n", + " et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + " print \"Estimated d=\",l,\"m\"\n", + " print \"et(%)\",et\n", + " print \"---------------------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "for i in arange(5000,10001,5000):\n", + " n=i#\n", + " h=(b-a)/n#\n", + " print \"No. of segments=\",i\n", + " print \"Segment size=\",h\n", + " j=a+h#\n", + " s=0#\n", + " while j<b:\n", + " s=s+f(j)#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + " \n", + " l=(b-a)*(fa+2*s+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + " Et=tval-l##error\n", + " et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + " print \"Estimated d=\",l,\"m\"\n", + " print \"et(%)\",et\n", + " print \"---------------------------------------------------------\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 21.4 Pg : 618" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "l= 1.37\n", + "The Error Et= 0.27\n", + "The percent relative error et= 16.645 %\n", + "The approximate error estimate without using the true value= 0.273\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=(0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5)\n", + " return y\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=0.8#\n", + "tval=1.640533#\n", + "n=2#\n", + "h=(b-a)/n#\n", + "fa=f(a)#\n", + "fb=f(b)#\n", + "fh=f(h)#\n", + "l=(b-a)*(fa+4*fh+fb)/(3*n)#\n", + "print\"l=\", round(l,2)\n", + "Et=tval-l##error\n", + "et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + "\n", + "#by using approximate error estimate\n", + "\n", + "#the fourth derivative of f\n", + "def g(x):\n", + " y=-21600+48000*x\n", + " return y\n", + "\n", + "f4x=quad(g,[0,0.8])/(b-a)##average value of fourth derivative\n", + "Ea=-(1/2880)*(f4x)*(b-a)**5#\n", + "print \"The Error Et=\",round(Et,2)\n", + "print \"The percent relative error et=\",round(et,3),\"%\"\n", + "print \"The approximate error estimate without using the true value=\",round(Ea,3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 23.5 Pg : 620" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "l= 1.62\n", + "The Error Et= 0.02\n", + "The percent relative error et= 1.04 %\n", + "The approximate error estimate without using the true value= 0.017\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=(0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5)\n", + " return y\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=0.8#\n", + "tval=1.640533#\n", + "n=4#\n", + "h=(b-a)/n#\n", + "fa=f(a)#\n", + "fb=f(b)#\n", + "j=a+h#\n", + "s=0#\n", + "count=1#\n", + "while j<b:\n", + " if (-1)**count==-1:\n", + " s=s+4*f(j)#\n", + " else:\n", + " s=s+2*f(j)#\n", + " \n", + " count=count+1#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + "\n", + "l=(b-a)*(fa+s+fb)/(3*n)#\n", + "print\"l=\", round(l,2)\n", + "Et=tval-l##error\n", + "et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + "\n", + "#by using approximate error estimate\n", + "\n", + "#the fou:rth derivative of f\n", + "def g(x):\n", + " y=-21600+48000*x\n", + " return y\n", + "f4x=quad(g,[0,0.8])/(b-a)##average value of fourth derivative\n", + "Ea=-(1/(180*4**4))*(f4x)*(b-a)**5#\n", + "print \"The Error Et=\",round(Et,2)\n", + "print \"The percent relative error et=\",round(et,3),\"%\"\n", + "print \"The approximate error estimate without using the true value=\",round(Ea,3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex :23.6 Pg : 625" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Part A:\n", + "l= 1.519\n", + "The Error Et= 0.12\n", + "The percent relative error et= 7.398 %\n", + "The approximate error estimate without using the true value= 0.121\n", + "---------------------------------------------------\n", + "Part B:\n", + "l= 1.645\n", + "The Error Et= -0.005\n", + "The percent relative error et= -0.277 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=(0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5)\n", + " return y\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=0.8#\n", + "tval=1.640533#\n", + "#part a\n", + "n=3#\n", + "h=(b-a)/n#\n", + "fa=f(a)#\n", + "fb=f(b)#\n", + "j=a+h#\n", + "s=0#\n", + "count=1#\n", + "while j<b:\n", + " s=s+3*f(j)#\n", + " count=count+1#\n", + " j=j+h#\n", + "\n", + "l=(b-a)*(fa+s+fb)/(8)#\n", + "print \"Part A:\"\n", + "print \"l=\",round(l,3)\n", + "Et=tval-l##error\n", + "et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + "\n", + "#by using approximate error estimate\n", + "\n", + "#the fourth derivative of f\n", + "def g(x):\n", + " y=-21600+48000*x\n", + " return y\n", + "f4x=quad(g,[0,0.8])/(b-a)##average value of fourth derivative\n", + "Ea=-(1/6480)*(f4x)*(b-a)**5#\n", + "print \"The Error Et=\",round(Et,2)\n", + "print \"The percent relative error et=\",round(et,3),\"%\"\n", + "print \"The approximate error estimate without using the true value=\",round(Ea,3)\n", + "#part b\n", + "n=5#\n", + "h=(b-a)/n#\n", + "l1=(a+2*h-a)*(fa+4*f(a+h)+f(a+2*h))/6#\n", + "l2=(a+5*h-a-2*h)*(f(a+2*h)+3*(f(a+3*h)+f(a+4*h))+fb)/8#\n", + "l=l1+l2#\n", + "print \"---------------------------------------------------\"\n", + "print \"Part B:\"\n", + "print \"l=\", round(l,3)\n", + "Et=tval-l##error\n", + "et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + "print \"The Error Et=\", round(Et,3)\n", + "print \"The percent relative error et=\", round(et,3), \"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 23.7 Pg : 626" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "l= 1.59480096\n", + "The Error Et= 0.04573204\n", + "The percent relative error et= 2.78763304365 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=(0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5)\n", + " return y\n", + "tval=1.640533#\n", + "x=[0, 0.12, 0.22, 0.32, 0.36, 0.4 ,0.44 ,0.54 ,0.64 ,0.7 ,0.8]\n", + "func=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,11):\n", + " func.append(f(x[i]))#\n", + "\n", + "l=0#\n", + "for i in range(0,10):\n", + " l=l+(x[i+1]-x[i])*(func[i]+func[i+1])/2#\n", + "\n", + "print \"l=\",l\n", + "Et=tval-l##error\n", + "et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + "print \"The Error Et=\",Et\n", + "print \"The percent relative error et=\",et,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 23.8 Pg : 230" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "l= 1.60364091733\n", + "The Error Et= 0.0368920826667\n", + "The percent relative error et= 2.2487863802 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "def f(x):\n", + " y=(0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5)\n", + " return y\n", + "tval=1.640533#\n", + "x=[0, 0.12, 0.22, 0.32, 0.36, 0.4 ,0.44 ,0.54, 0.64, 0.7, 0.8]\n", + "func =[]\n", + "for i in range(0,11):\n", + " func.append(f(x[i]))\n", + "\n", + "l1=(x[1]-x[0])*((f(x[0])+f(x[1]))/2)#\n", + "l2=(x[3]-x[1])*(f(x[3])+4*f(x[2])+f(x[1]))/6#\n", + "l3=(x[6]-x[3])*(f(x[3])+3*(f(x[4])+f(x[5]))+f(x[6]))/8#\n", + "l4=(x[8]-x[6])*(f(x[6])+4*f(x[7])+f(x[8]))/6\n", + "l5=(x[9]-x[8])*((f(x[9])+f(x[8]))/2)#\n", + "l6=(x[10]-x[9])*((f(x[10])+f(x[9]))/2)#\n", + "l=l1+l2+l3+l4+l5+l6#\n", + "print \"l=\",l\n", + "Et=tval-l##error\n", + "et=Et*100/tval##percent relative error\n", + "print \"The Error Et=\",Et\n", + "print \"The percent relative error et=\",et,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 23.9 Pg : 629" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The average termperature is= 53.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "def f(x,y):\n", + " t=2*x*y+2*x-x**2-2*y**2+72\n", + " return t\n", + "Len=8##m,length\n", + "wid=6##m,width\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=Len#\n", + "n=2#\n", + "h=(b-a)/n#\n", + "a1=0#\n", + "b1=wid#\n", + "h1=(b1-a1)/n#\n", + "\n", + "fa=f(a,0)#\n", + "fb=f(b,0)#\n", + "fh=f(h,0)#\n", + "lx1=(b-a)*(fa+2*fh+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + "\n", + "fa=f(a,h1)#\n", + "fb=f(b,h1)#\n", + "fh=f(h,h1)#\n", + "lx2=(b-a)*(fa+2*fh+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + "\n", + "fa=f(a,b1)#\n", + "fb=f(b,b1)#\n", + "fh=f(h,b1)#\n", + "lx3=(b-a)*(fa+2*fh+fb)/(2*n)#\n", + "\n", + "l=(b1-a1)*(lx1+2*lx2+lx3)/(2*n)#\n", + "\n", + "avg_temp=l/(Len*wid)#\n", + "print\"The average termperature is=\", avg_temp" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter22_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter22_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..50a8dfb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter22_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-22 : Integration of Equations" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:22.1 Pg: 624" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Error of the improved integral for segment 1 and 2 = 16.6449765615 %\n", + "Error of the improved integral for segment 4 and 2 = 1.04029198641 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "h = [0,0.8,0.4,0.2]#\n", + "I = [0,0.1728,1.0688,1.4848]#\n", + "E = [0,89.5,34.9,9.5]#\n", + "I1 = 4 * I[(2)] / 3 - I[(1)] / 3#\n", + "t = 1.640533#\n", + "et1 = t - I1 #\n", + "Et1 = et1 * 100/t#\n", + "print \"Error of the improved integral for segment 1 and 2 = \",Et1,\"%\"\n", + "I2 = 4 * I[(3)] / 3 - I[(2)] / 3#\n", + "et2 = t - I2 #\n", + "Et2 = et2 * 100/t#\n", + "print \"Error of the improved integral for segment 4 and 2 = \",Et2,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:22.2 Pg: 645" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Obtained integral which is the correct answer till the seventh decimal 1.64053366667\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "I1 = 1.367467#\n", + "I2 = 1.623467#\n", + "I = 16 * I2 /15 - I1 / 15#\n", + "print \"Obtained integral which is the correct answer till the seventh decimal\",I" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:22.3 Pg: 645" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Integral obtained using gauss legendre formulae = 1.9648\n", + "error = -19.7659541137 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#f(x) = 0.2 + 25*x - 200*x**2 + 675*x**3 - 900*x**4 + 400*x**5\n", + "# for using two point gauss legendre formulae, the intervals have to be changed to -1 and 1\n", + "#therefore, x = 0.4 + 0.4 * xd\n", + "#thus the integral is transferred to \n", + "#(0.2 + 25*(0.4+0.4*x) - 200*(0.4 + 0.4*x)**2 + 675*(0.4 + 0.4*x)**3 - 900*(0.4 + 0.4*x)**4 + 400*(0.4 + 0.4*x)**5)*0.4\n", + "#for three point gauss legendre formulae\n", + "x1 = -(1/3) ** 0.5#\n", + "x2 = (1/3) ** 0.5#\n", + "I1 = (0.2 + 25*(0.4+0.4*x1) - 200*(0.4 + 0.4*x1)**2 + 675*(0.4 + 0.4*x1)**3 - 900*(0.4 + 0.4*x1)**4 + 400*(0.4 + 0.4*x1)**5)*0.4#\n", + "I2 = (0.2 + 25*(0.4+0.4*x2) - 200*(0.4 + 0.4*x2)**2 + 675*(0.4 + 0.4*x2)**3 - 900*(0.4 + 0.4*x2)**4 + 400*(0.4 + 0.4*x2)**5)*0.4#\n", + "I = I1 + I2#\n", + "print \"Integral obtained using gauss legendre formulae =\",I\n", + "t = 1.640533#\n", + "e = (t - I)*100/t#\n", + "print \"error = \",e,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Ex:22.4 Pg: 647" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "integral obtained using three point gauss legendre formulae = 1.64053334735\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# f(x) = 0.2 + 25*x - 200*x**2 + 675*x**3 - 900*x**4 + 400*x**5\n", + "# for using three point gauss legendre formulae, the intervals have to be changed to -1 and 1\n", + "#therefore, x = 0.4 + 0.4 * xd\n", + "#thus the integral is transferred to \n", + "#(0.2 + 25*(0.4+0.4*x) - 200*(0.4 + 0.4*x)**2 + 675*(0.4 + 0.4*x)**3 - 900*(0.4 + 0.4*x)**4 + 400*(0.4 + 0.4*x)**5)*0.4\n", + "#for three point gauss legendre formulae\n", + "x1 = -0.7745967#\n", + "x2 = 0#\n", + "x3 = 0.7745967#\n", + "c0 = 0.5555556#\n", + "c1 = 0.8888889#\n", + "c2 = 0.5555556#\n", + "I1 = (0.2 + 25*(0.4+0.4*x1) - 200*(0.4 + 0.4*x1)**2 + 675*(0.4 + 0.4*x1)**3 - 900*(0.4 + 0.4*x1)**4 + 400*(0.4 + 0.4*x1)**5)*0.4#\n", + "I2 = (0.2 + 25*(0.4+0.4*x2) - 200*(0.4 + 0.4*x2)**2 + 675*(0.4 + 0.4*x2)**3 - 900*(0.4 + 0.4*x2)**4 + 400*(0.4 + 0.4*x2)**5)*0.4#\n", + "I3 = (0.2 + 25*(0.4+0.4*x3) - 200*(0.4 + 0.4*x3)**2 + 675*(0.4 + 0.4*x3)**3 - 900*(0.4 + 0.4*x3)**4 + 400*(0.4 + 0.4*x3)**5)*0.4#\n", + "I = c0 * I1 + c1 * I2 + c2 * I3#\n", + "print \"integral obtained using three point gauss legendre formulae = \",I" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:22.5 Pg: 647" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "integral by two point method = 320.657652324\n", + "integral by three point method = 289.439308244\n", + "integral by four point method = 289.435164941\n", + "integral by five point method = 289.435160633\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "#f(t) = g*m*(int(0,10,(1-exp(-c*t/m))))/c\n", + "#for using gauss quadrature method, limits are changed to -1 to 1 by replcing x = 5 + 5*xd\n", + "#the new integral obtained is\n", + "#(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x)/m ))*5\n", + "g = 9.8#\n", + "c = 12.5#\n", + "m = 68.1#\n", + "#for two point method\n", + "x1 = -(1/3)**0.5#\n", + "x2 = (1/3)**0.5#\n", + "I1 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x1)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I2 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x2)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I = I1 + I2#\n", + "print \"integral by two point method = \",I\n", + "x1 = -0.7745967#\n", + "x2 = 0#\n", + "x3 = 0.7745967#\n", + "c0 = 0.5555556#\n", + "c1 = 0.8888889#\n", + "c2 = 0.5555556#\n", + "I1 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x1)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I2 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x2)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I3 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x3)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I = c0*I1 + c1 * I2 + c2 * I3#\n", + "print \"integral by three point method =\",I\n", + "x1 = -0.861136312#\n", + "x2 = -0.339981044#\n", + "x3 = 0.339981044#\n", + "x4 = 0.861136312#\n", + "c1 = 0.3478548#\n", + "c2 = 0.6521452#\n", + "c3 = 0.6521452#\n", + "c4 = 0.3478548#\n", + "I1 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x1)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I2 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x2)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I3 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x3)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I4 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x4)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I = c1*I1 + c2 * I2 + c3 * I3 + c4 * I4#\n", + "print \"integral by four point method =\",I\n", + "x1 = -0.906179846#\n", + "x2 = -0.538469310#\n", + "x3 = 0#\n", + "x4 = 0.538469310#\n", + "x5 = 0.906179846\n", + "c1 = 0.2369269#\n", + "c2 = 0.4786287#\n", + "c3 = 0.5688889#\n", + "c4 = 0.4786287#\n", + "c5 = 0.2369269# \n", + "I1 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x1)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I2 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x2)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I3 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x3)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I4 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x4)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I5 = g*m*(1 - exp(-c*(5 + 5*x5)/m ))*5 / c#\n", + "I = c1*I1 + c2 * I2 + c3 * I3 + c4 * I4 + c5 * I5#\n", + "print \"integral by five point method =\",I" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:22.6 Pg: 649" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "the value of first integral = 0.0\n", + "The value of second integral = 1.93292644948\n", + "Therefore the final result can be computed as : 0.771126085603\n", + "error = 8.34112853886 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp,pi\n", + "#N(x) = (int(-infinity,-2,exp(-(x**2)/2)) + int(-2,1,exp(-(x**2)/2)))/(2*pi)**0.5\n", + "#first integral can be solved as\n", + "#int(-infinity,-2,exp(-(x**2)/2)) = int(-0.5,0,exp(-1/(2*t**2))/t**2)\n", + "h = 1/8#\n", + "#int(-0.5,0,exp(-1/(2*t**2))/t**2) = h*(f(x-7/16) + f(x-5/16) + f(x-3/16) + f(x-1/16)) \n", + "t1 = -7/16#\n", + "t2 = -5/16#\n", + "t3 = -3/16#\n", + "t4 = -1/16#\n", + "m1 = exp(-1/(2*t1**2))/t1**2#\n", + "m2 = exp(-1/(2*t2**2))/t2**2#\n", + "m3 = exp(-1/(2*t3**2))/t3**2#\n", + "m4 = exp(-1/(2*t4**2))/t4**2#\n", + "I1 = h*(m1 + m2 + m3 + m4)#\n", + "print \"the value of first integral = \",I1\n", + "#simpsons 1/3rd sule is applied for the second integral\n", + "h1 = 0.5#\n", + "x1 = -2#\n", + "x2 = -1.5#\n", + "x3 = -1#\n", + "x4 = -0.5#\n", + "x5 = 0#\n", + "x6 = 0.5#\n", + "x7 = 1#\n", + "n1 = exp(-(x1**2)/2)#\n", + "n2 = exp(-(x2**2)/2)#\n", + "n3 = exp(-(x3**2)/2)#\n", + "n4 = exp(-(x4**2)/2)#\n", + "n5 = exp(-(x5**2)/2)#\n", + "n6 = exp(-(x6**2)/2)#\n", + "n7 = exp(-(x7**2)/2)#\n", + "I2 =(1-(-2)) * (n1 + 4 *(n2 + n4 + n6) + 2*(n3 + n5) + n7)/(18)#\n", + "print \"The value of second integral = \",I2\n", + "f = (I1 + I2)/(2 * pi)**0.5#\n", + "print \"Therefore the final result can be computed as :\",f\n", + "N = 0.8413#\n", + "e = (N - f) * 100 / N#\n", + "print \"error = \",e,\"%\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter23_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter23_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fd068f1e --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter23_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-23 : Numerical Differentiation" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:23.1 Pg: 656" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = [ 0. 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. ]\n", + "f(x) = [0, 1.2, 1.103515625, 0.92499999999999993, 0.63632812499999991, 0.19999999999999996]\n", + "by forward difference : -0.859375\n", + "error in forward difference method = 5.82191780822 %\n", + "by backward difference -0.878125\n", + "error in backward difference method = 3.76712328767 %\n", + "by central difference : -0.9125\n", + "error in central difference method = -2.43336553343e-14 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "#f(x) = -0.1*x**4 - 0.15*x**3 - 0.5 * x**2 - 0.25 *x + 1.2\n", + "h = 0.25#\n", + "t = -0.9125#\n", + "x = arange(0,1.1,h)\n", + "print \"x = \",x\n", + "fx=[0]\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " fx.append(-0.1*xx**4 - 0.15*xx**3 - 0.5 * xx**2 - 0.25 *xx + 1.2)\n", + "print \"f(x) = \",fx\n", + "fd = (- fx[(5)] + 4*fx[(4)] - 3 * fx[(3)])/(2 * h)\n", + "efd = (t - fd) * 100 / t#\n", + "print \"by forward difference : \",fd\n", + "print \"error in forward difference method = \",efd,\"%\"\n", + "bd = (3 * fx[(3)] - 4 * fx[(2)] + fx[(1)])/ (2*h)\n", + "ebd = (t - bd) * 100 / t#\n", + "print \"by backward difference\",bd\n", + "print \"error in backward difference method = \",ebd,\"%\"\n", + "cdm = (-fx[(5)] + 8*(fx[(4)]) -8*fx[(2)] + fx[(1)] ) / (12*h)\n", + "ecdm = (t - cdm) * 100 / t\n", + "print \"by central difference : \",cdm\n", + "print \"error in central difference method = \",ecdm,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:23.2 Pg: 657" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x with h = 0.5 is [ 0. 0.5 1. ]\n", + "f(x) with h = 0.5 is [0, 1.2, 0.92499999999999993, 0.19999999999999996]\n", + "by central difference ( h = 0.5 ) -1.0\n", + "error in central difference method ( h = 0.5 ) = -9.58904109589 %\n", + "x with h = 0.25 is [ 0. 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. ]\n", + "fx with h = 0.25 is [0, 1.2, 1.103515625, 0.92499999999999993, 0.63632812499999991, 0.19999999999999996]\n", + "by central difference ( h = 0.25 ) = -0.934375 error in central difference method ( h = 0.25 ) = -2.39726027397 %\n", + "improved estimate = -0.9125\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "#f(x) = -0.1*x**4 - 0.15*x**3 - 0.5 * x**2 - 0.25 *x + 1.2\n", + "h = 0.5#\n", + "t = -0.9125#\n", + "x = arange(0,1.1,h)\n", + "print \"x with h = 0.5 is\",x\n", + "fx=[0]\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " fx.append(-0.1*xx**4 - 0.15*xx**3 - 0.5 * xx**2 - 0.25 *xx + 1.2)\n", + "print \"f(x) with h = 0.5 is\",fx\n", + "cdm = (fx[(3)] - fx[(1)])/ 1#\n", + "ecdm = (t - cdm) * 100 / t#\n", + "print \"by central difference ( h = 0.5 ) \",cdm\n", + "print \"error in central difference method ( h = 0.5 ) = \",ecdm,\"%\"\n", + "h1 = 0.25#\n", + "x1 = arange(0,1.1,h1)\n", + "print \"x with h = 0.25 is\",x1\n", + "fx1=[0]\n", + "for xx in x1:\n", + " fx1.append(-0.1*xx**4 - 0.15*xx**3 - 0.5 * xx**2 - 0.25 *xx + 1.2)\n", + "print \"fx with h = 0.25 is\",fx1\n", + "cdm1 = (fx1[(4)] - fx1[(2)])/ (2*h1)\n", + "ecdm1 = (t - cdm1) * 100 / t#\n", + "print \"by central difference ( h = 0.25 ) = \",cdm1,\n", + "print \"error in central difference method ( h = 0.25 ) = \",ecdm1,\"%\"\n", + "D = 4 * cdm1 /3 - cdm / 3#\n", + "print \"improved estimate =\",D" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:23.3 Pg: 658" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(dT/dz) = -1.33333333333 C/cm\n", + "q(z = 0) = 70.56 W/m**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#q(z = 0) = -k*p*C*(dT/dz)/(z = 0)\n", + "k = 3.5 * 10** - 7##m**2/s\n", + "p = 1800##kg/m**3\n", + "C = 840# #(J/(kg.C))\n", + "x = 0#\n", + "fx0 = 13.5#\n", + "fx1 = 12#\n", + "fx2 = 10#\n", + "x0 = 0#\n", + "x1 = 1.25#\n", + "x2 = 3.75#\n", + "dfx = fx0 *(2*x - x1 - x2)/((x0 - x1)*(x0 - x2)) + fx1 *(2*x - x0 - x2)/((x1 - x0)*(x1 - x2)) + fx2 *(2*x - x1 - x0)/((x2 - x1)*(x2 - x0))#\n", + "print \"(dT/dz) = \",dfx,\"C/cm\"\n", + "q = - k * p *C * dfx*100#\n", + "print \"q(z = 0) =\",q,\"W/m**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:23.4 Pg: 662" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Q= 1.64053333333333\n", + "intergral= -1.40920096\n", + "diff(x)= [ 0.12 0.1 0.1 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.1 0.1 0.06 0.1 ]\n", + "d= [ 9.247744 -0.04488 4.38152 8.287744 9.527424 9.674624\n", + " 6.64312 -3.25368 -13.648816 -21.31 ]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", + "from numpy import trapz,diff\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5\n", + " return y\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=0.8#\n", + "Q=quad(f,[0,0.8])\n", + "print \"Q=\",Q\n", + "x=[0, 0.12 ,0.22 ,0.32 ,0.36 ,0.4 ,0.44 ,0.54 ,0.64, 0.7 ,0.8]\n", + "y=[]\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " y.append(f(xx))\n", + "integral=trapz(x,y)\n", + "print \"intergral=\",integral\n", + "print \"diff(x)=\",diff(x)\n", + "d=diff(y)/diff(x)#\n", + "print \"d=\",d" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:23.5 Pg: 664" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Computed= 1.64053333333333\n", + "Error estimate= 2.03185997099678e-5\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from sympy.mpmath import quad\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=0.2+25*x-200*x**2+675*x**3-900*x**4+400*x**5\n", + " return y\n", + "a=0#\n", + "b=0.8#\n", + "Qt=1.640533#\n", + "Q=quad(f,[0,0.8])\n", + "print \"Computed=\",Q\n", + "Er=abs(Q-Qt)*100/Qt\n", + "print \"Error estimate=\",Er" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter25_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter25_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4e7a3f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter25_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-25 : Runge-Kutta Methods" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:25.1 Pg: 708" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = [ 0. 0.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. ]\n", + "\n", + "true values of y = [1.0, 3.21875, 3.0, 2.21875, 2.0, 2.71875, 4.0, 4.71875, 3.0]\n", + "\n", + "y by euler method = [1.0, 5.25, 5.875, 5.125, 4.5, 4.75, 5.875, 7.125, 7.0]\n", + "\n", + "error = [0.0, -63.106796116504853, -95.833333333333329, -130.98591549295776, -125.0, -74.712643678160916, -46.875, -50.993377483443709, -133.33333333333334]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "#dy/dx = -2*x**3 + 12*x**2 - 20*x + 8.5\n", + "#therefore, y = -0.5*x**4 + 4*x**3 - 10*x**2 + 8.5 + c\n", + "x1 = 0#\n", + "y1 = 1#\n", + "h = 0.5#\n", + "c =-(-0.5*x1**4 + 4*x1**3 - 10*x1**2 + 8.5*x1 - y1)#\n", + "x = arange(0,4.1,0.5)\n", + "print \"x = \",x\n", + "y=[]\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " y.append(-0.5*xx**4 + 4*xx**3 - 10*xx**2 + 8.5*xx + c)\n", + "print \"\\ntrue values of y = \",y\n", + "fxy=[]\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " fxy.append(-2*xx**3 + 12*xx**2 - 20*xx + 8.5)\n", + "y2=[y[0]]\n", + "e = [(y[0] - y2[0]) * 100 / y[0]]\n", + "for i in range(1,9):\n", + " y2.append(y2[(i-1)] + fxy[(i-1)]*h)\n", + " e.append((y[(i)] - y2[(i)])*100/y[(i)])\n", + "\n", + "print \"\\ny by euler method =\",y2\n", + "print \"\\nerror =\",e" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:25.2 Pg: 712" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Total truncation error = -2.03125\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#f(x,y) = dy/dx = -2*x**3 + 12*x**2 - 20*x + 8.5\n", + "#f'(x,y) = -6*x**2 + 24*x - 20\n", + "#f\"(x,y) = -12*x + 24\n", + "#f\"'(x,y) = -12\n", + "x = 0#\n", + "Et2 = (-6*x**2 + 24*x - 20) * 0.5**2 / 2\n", + "Et3 = (-12*x + 24) * (0.5)**3 / 6#\n", + "Et4 = (-12) *(0.5 ** 4) / 24#\n", + "Et = Et2 + Et3 + Et4#\n", + "print \"Total truncation error =\",Et" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:25.3 Pg: 713" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = [ 0. 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. 1.25 1.5 1.75 2. 2.25 2.5 2.75\n", + " 3. 3.25 3.5 3.75 4. ]\n", + "\n", + "true values of y = [1.0, 2.560546875, 3.21875, 3.279296875, 3.0, 2.591796875, 2.21875, 1.998046875, 2.0, 2.248046875, 2.71875, 3.341796875, 4.0, 4.529296875, 4.71875, 4.310546875, 3.0]\n", + "\n", + "y by euler method = [1.0, 3.125, 4.1796875, 4.4921875, 4.34375, 3.96875, 3.5546875, 3.2421875, 3.125, 3.25, 3.6171875, 4.1796875, 4.84375, 5.46875, 5.8671875, 5.8046875, 5.0]\n", + "\n", + "error = [0.0, -22.04424103737605, -29.854368932038835, -36.986301369863014, -44.791666666666664, -53.127354935945739, -60.2112676056338, -62.267839687194524, -56.25, -44.569939183318851, -33.045977011494251, -25.073056691992985, -21.09375, -20.741699008193187, -24.337748344370862, -34.662437698232893, -66.666666666666671]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "#dy/dx = -2*x**3 + 12*x**2 - 20*x + 8.5\n", + "#therefore, y = -0.5*x**4 + 4*x**3 - 10*x**2 + 8.5 + c\n", + "x1 = 0#\n", + "y1 = 1#\n", + "h = 0.25#\n", + "c =-(-0.5*x1**4 + 4*x1**3 - 10*x1**2 + 8.5*x1 - y1)#\n", + "xx = arange(0,4.1,h)\n", + "print \"x = \",xx\n", + "y=[]\n", + "for x in xx:\n", + " y.append(-0.5*x**4 + 4*x**3 - 10*x**2 + 8.5*x + c)\n", + "print \"\\ntrue values of y = \",y\n", + "fxy=[]\n", + "for x in xx:\n", + " fxy.append(-2*x**3 + 12*x**2 - 20*x + 8.5)\n", + "y2= [y[0]]\n", + "e = [(y[0] - y2[0]) * 100 / y[0]]\n", + "for i in range(1,17):\n", + " y2.append(y2[(i-1)] + fxy[(i-1)]*h)\n", + " e.append((y[(i)] - y2[(i)])*100/y[(i)])\n", + "\n", + "print \"\\ny by euler method =\",y2\n", + "print \"\\nerror =\",e" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter26_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter26_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35479bcb --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter26_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,402 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter-26 : Stiffness & Multi step Methods" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:26.1 Pg: 754" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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cwSvrX6HxxUYaGhpoaGgAkgHj618fxFKLiERUU1MTTU1NgeVv7sX8Xh9AxmYf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\ngCEiIkX5P35bsBSB1IexAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n", 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P58MOS7tCEal3ComEHToEzzwTbsIzfz4cfjh885thGztWE88iUls0cZ2AAwfCBW0PPxzm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\nSAoJERGJpJAQEZFICgkREYn0P5bbRGIvXNRJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fbf23882f10>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,xlabel,ylabel,show,title,legend\n", + "from numpy import arange,exp\n", + "def f(t,y):\n", + " yp=-1000*y+3000-2000*exp(-t)\n", + " return yp\n", + "y0=0#\n", + "#explicit euler\n", + "h1=0.0005#\n", + "y1 =[y0]\n", + "count=1#\n", + "t=arange(0,0.0061,0.0001)\n", + "for i in arange(0,0.00591,0.0001):\n", + " y1.append(y1[(count-1)]+f(i,y1[(count-1)])*h1)\n", + " count=count+1#\n", + "\n", + "plot(t,y1)\n", + "h2=0.0015#\n", + "y2=[y0]#\n", + "count=1#\n", + "t=arange(0,0.0061,0.0001)\n", + "for i in arange(0,0.00591,0.0001):\n", + " y2.append(y2[(count-1)]+f(i,y2[(count-1)])*h2)\n", + " count=count+1#\n", + "\n", + "plot(t,y2)\n", + "title(\"y vs t\")\n", + "xlabel(\"t\")\n", + "ylabel(\"y\")\n", + "h=legend([\"h-0.0005\",\"h=0.0015\"])\n", + "show()\n", + "#implicit order\n", + "h3=0.05#\n", + "y3=[y0]#\n", + "count=1#\n", + "t=arange(0,0.401,0.01)\n", + "for j in arange(0,0.40,0.01):\n", + " y3.append((y3[(count-1)]+3000*h3-2000*h3*exp(-(j+0.01)))/(1+1000*h3))\n", + " count=count+1#\n", + "\n", + "plot(t,y3)\n", + "title(\"y vs t\")\n", + "xlabel(\"t\")\n", + "ylabel(\"y\")\n", + "show()\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:26.2 Pg: 758" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\n", + "the first corrector yields y = 15.7669298488\n", + "error = -6.21810039929 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "print \"f(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\"\n", + "#f'(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\n", + "h = 1#\n", + "x=range(0,5)\n", + "y = [2]\n", + "x1 = -1#\n", + "y1 = -0.3929953#\n", + "y10 = y1 + (4*exp(0.8*x[0]) - 0.5*y[0])*2\n", + "y11 = y[0] + (4*exp(0.8*x[0]) - 0.5*y[0] + 4*exp(0.8*x[0]) - 0.5*y10)*h/2\n", + "y12 = y[0] + (3 + 4*exp(0.8*x[1]) - 0.5*y11)*h/2#\n", + "t = 6.360865#\n", + "y20 = y[0] + (4*exp(0.8*x[1]) - 0.5*t) *2\n", + "y21 = t + (4*exp(0.8*x[1]) - 0.5*t + 4*exp(0.8*x[2]) - 0.5*y20)*h/2\n", + "print \"the first corrector yields y = \",y21\n", + "t = 14.84392\n", + "e = (t - y21)*100/t#\n", + "print \"error = \",e,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:26.3 Pg: 762" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ec (x = 1) = -0.150772\n", + "true error (x = 1) = -0.166234\n", + "Ec (x = 2) = -0.371756\n", + "true error (x = 2) = -0.45832\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "x1 = 1#\n", + "x2 = 2#\n", + "y1 = 6.194631#\n", + "y2 = 14.84392#\n", + "y10 = 5.607005#\n", + "y11 = 6.360865#\n", + "y20 = 13.44346#\n", + "y21 = 15.30224#\n", + "Ec1 = -(y11 - y10)/5#\n", + "print \"Ec (x = 1) = \",Ec1\n", + "e1 = y1 - y11#\n", + "print \"true error (x = 1) = \",e1\n", + "Ec2 = -(y21 - y20)/5#\n", + "print \"Ec (x = 2) = \",Ec2\n", + "e2 = y2 - y21#\n", + "print \"true error (x = 2) = \",e2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:26.4 Pg: 763" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ym = 6.210093\n", + "error = -0.249603245133 %\n", + "y20 = 13.5942344279\n", + "error = 8.41883796235 %\n", + "y20 = 14.1973224279\n", + "error = 4.35597586123 %\n", + "y2 = 14.8882708856\n", + "error = -0.2987814916 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "x0 = 0#\n", + "x1 = 1#\n", + "x2 = 2#\n", + "y1 = 6.194631#\n", + "y2 = 14.84392#\n", + "y10 = 5.607005#\n", + "y11 = 6.360865#\n", + "y1m = y11 - (y11 - y10)/5#\n", + "e = (y1 - y1m)*100/y1#\n", + "print \"ym =\",y1m\n", + "print \"error = \",e,\"%\"\n", + "y20 =2+(4*exp(0.8*x1) - 0.5*y1m)*2#\n", + "e2 = (y2 - y20)*100/y2#\n", + "print \"y20 = \",y20\n", + "print \"error = \",e2,\"%\"\n", + "y2o = y20 + 4* (y11 - y10)/5#\n", + "e2 = (y2 - y2o)*100/y2#\n", + "print \"y20 = \",y2o\n", + "print \"error = \",e2,\"%\"\n", + "y21 = 15.21178#\n", + "y23 = y21 - (y21 - y20)/5#\n", + "print \"y2 = \",y23\n", + "e3 = (y2 - y23)*100/y2#\n", + "print \"error = \",e3,\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:26.5 Pg: 773" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\n", + "x = [ 1. 2. 3. 4.]\n", + "y0 = [2, 6.0227228499844756, 20.083112587836688, 41.872835141608761]\n", + "corrected y1 = [6.9056637734795867, 19.136474376155903, 38.385462010990274, 82.755745651588995]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,exp\n", + "print \"f(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\"\n", + "#f'(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\n", + "h = 1#\n", + "x = arange(-3,4.1,h)\n", + "y=[-4.547302,-2.306160,-0.3929953,2,2]\n", + "y1=[0,0,0,0]\n", + "for i in range(3,7):\n", + " y.append(y[(i-3)] + 4*h*(2*(4*exp(0.8*x[(i)]) - 0.5*y[(i)]) - 4*exp(0.8*x[(i-1)]) + 0.5*y[(i-1)] + 2*(4*exp(0.8*x[(i-2)]) - 0.5*y[(i-2)]))/3)\n", + " y1.append(y[(i-1)] + h*(4*exp(0.8*x[(i-1)]) - 0.5*y[(i-1)] +4 * (4*exp(0.8*x[(i)]) - 0.5*y[(i)]) + 4*exp(0.8*x[(i+1)]) - 0.5*y[(i+1)])/3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"x = \",x[4:8]\n", + "print \"y0 = \",y[4:8]\n", + "print \"corrected y1 = \",y1[4:8]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:26.6 Pg: 774" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "f(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\n", + "x = [ 1. 2. 3. 4.]\n", + "y0 = [2, 6.0075392692969114, 6.2532143855636217, 14.488238413222703]\n", + "y1 = [6.0075392692969114, 6.2532143855636217, 14.488238413222703, 16.39224775082873]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,exp\n", + "print \"f(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\"\n", + "#f'(x,y) = 4*exp(0.8*x) - 0.5*y\n", + "h = 1#\n", + "x = arange(-3,4.1,h)\n", + "y = [-4.547302,-2.306160,-0.3929953,2]\n", + "m= [0,0,0,0,y[3]]\n", + "for i in range(3,7):\n", + " y.append(y[(i)] + h *(55* (4*exp(0.8*x[(i)]) - 0.5*y[(i)]) / 24 - 59 * (4*exp(0.8*x[(i-1)]) - 0.5*y[(i-1)]) / 24 + 37*(4*exp(0.8*x[(i-2)]) - 0.5*y[(i-2)])/24 - 9*(4*exp(0.8*x[(i-3)]) - 0.5*y[(i-3)])/24))\n", + " m.append(y[(i+1)])\n", + " y.append(y[(i)] + h*(9*(4*exp(0.8*x[(i+1)]) - 0.5*y[(i+1)])/24 +19*(4*exp(0.8*x[(i)]) - 0.5*y[(i)])/24 - 5*(4*exp(0.8*x[(i-1)]) - 0.5*y[(i-1)])/24 + (4*exp(0.8*x[(i-2)]) - 0.5*y[(i-2)])/24))\n", + "\n", + "print \"x = \",x[4:8]\n", + "print \"y0 = \",m[4:8]\n", + "print \"y1 = \",y[4:8]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:26.7 Pg: 775" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + "x = [ 0. 0.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. 4.5 5. 5.5 6. 6.5 7.\n", + " 7.5 8. 8.5 9. 9.5]\n", + "\n", + "y0(milnes method) = [1, 0.62312747952608971, 0.60341314566242521, 0.35581682815742122, 0.3173461560388694, -0.073744603832379019, 0.05769466447055438, 0.097016353530268939, 0.21274204327392865, -0.36734037063735558, 0.09724068674400127, 0.43888095058828192, 0.3040024218422181, -0.1934006684100632, -0.1160863384290636, 0.32478026608871907, -0.052055689173705413, -0.36964931180484378, 0.00024232753216428538, 0.55995471612928904]\n", + "\n", + "corrected y1(milnes method) = [1, 0.62312747952608971, 0.60341314566242521, 0.35581682815742122, 0.3173461560388694, -0.073744603832379019, 0.05769466447055438, 0.097016353530268939, 0.21274204327392865, -0.36734037063735558, 0.09724068674400127, 0.43888095058828192, 0.3040024218422181, -0.1934006684100632, -0.1160863384290636, 0.32478026608871907, -0.052055689173705413, -0.36964931180484378, 0.00024232753216428538, 0.55995471612928904]\n", + "\n", + "y0(fourth order adams method) = [1, 0.27152768648678072, 0.65650943823969443, -0.097035945241965349, 0.90661897200241937, -0.41645854530303128, -0.006339328628468005, 0.0808211944939453, -0.031548281043396395, -0.01627399436000334, 0.0039276970657568626, -0.002208005756050492, -0.0027943948998587478, -0.00042783320198906672, -0.00032845203812321728, -0.00042142028381515442, -0.00017932875240256902, -8.560953717861569e-05, -7.1995388648036731e-05, -4.2020211202092437e-05]\n", + "\n", + "y1(fourth order adams method) = [1, 0.56419948638876194, 0.68342664355034821, -0.010131383289966767, -0.11667598191807985, -0.0076991693311919962, -0.015405634984349756, -0.02283279228603189, -0.0093238635936440419, -0.0046392587796136846, -0.0040348813308916029, -0.0023127486894963844, -0.0011969855369064737, -0.00079981133060367615, -0.00049813831748820084, -0.00028031874518611127, -0.00017096177282523818, -0.00010605960387014003, -6.2547086111287706e-05, -3.7396246727791117e-05]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,exp\n", + "#dy/dx = -y\n", + "#y = exp(-x)\n", + "h = 0.5#\n", + "x = arange(-1.5,10.1,h)\n", + "y=[exp(-x[0]),exp(-x[1]),exp(-x[2]),1]\n", + "m=[0,0,0,y[3]]\n", + "for i in range(3,23):\n", + " y.append(y[(i-3)] + 4*h*(2*(-y[(i)]) + y[(i-1)] + 2*(-y[(i-2)]))/3)\n", + " m.append(y[(i+1)])\n", + " y.append(y[(i-1)] + h*(-y[(i-1)] +4 * (-y[(i)]) + (-y[(i+1)]))/3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"\\nx = \",x[3:23]\n", + "print \"\\ny0(milnes method) = \",m[3:23]\n", + "print \"\\ncorrected y1(milnes method) = \",y[3:23]\n", + "for i in range(3,23):\n", + " y[(i+1)] = y[(i)] + h *(55* (-y[(i)]) / 24 - 59 * (-y[(i-1)]) / 24 + 37*(-y[(i-2)])/24 - 9*(-y[(i-3)])/24)#\n", + " m[(i+1)] = y[(i+1)]\n", + " y[(i+1)] = y[(i)] + h*(9*(-y[(i+1)])/24 +19*(-y[(i)])/24 - 5*(-y[(i-1)])/24 + (-y[(i-2)])/24)#\n", + "\n", + "print \"\\ny0(fourth order adams method) = \",m[3:23]\n", + "print \"\\ny1(fourth order adams method) = \",y[3:23]" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter3_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter3_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b0cdc8c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter3_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# CHAPTER 3 : Approximations and Round off Errors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex : 3.1 Pg : 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a. The true error is\n", + "for the bridge : 1 cm\n", + "for the rivet : 1 cm\n", + "b. The percent relative error is\n", + "for the bridge : 0.01 cm\n", + "for the rivet : 10.0 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "lbm=9999# #cm, measured length of bridge\n", + "lrm=9##cm, measured length of rivet\n", + "lbt=10000##cm, true length of bridge\n", + "lrt=10##cm,true length of rivet\n", + "#calculating true error below#\n", + "Etb=lbt-lbm##cm, true error in bridge\n", + "Etr=lrt-lrm##cm, true error in rivet\n", + "#calculating percent relative error below\n", + "etb=Etb*100/lbt##percent relative error for bridge\n", + "etr=Etb*100/lrt##percent relative error for rivet\n", + "print \"a. The true error is\"\n", + "print \"for the bridge : \",Etb,\"cm\"\n", + "print \"for the rivet : \",Etr,\"cm\"\n", + "print \"b. The percent relative error is\"\n", + "print \"for the bridge : \",etb,\"cm\"\n", + "print \"for the rivet : \",etr,\"cm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.2 : Pg : 58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Terms\t\t\tResult\t\t\t\tet(%)\t\t\t\tea(%)\n", + "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n", + "1 \t\t\t1.00000 \t\t\t39.3469240702 \t\t\t100\n", + "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n", + "2 \t\t\t2.00000 \t\t\t-21.3061518595 \t\t\t50.0\n", + "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n", + "3 \t\t\t2.50000 \t\t\t-51.6326898244 \t\t\t20.0\n", + "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n", + "4 \t\t\t2.62500 \t\t\t-59.2143243156 \t\t\t4.7619047619\n", + "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n", + "5 \t\t\t2.64583 \t\t\t-60.4779300642 \t\t\t0.787401574803\n", + "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n", + "6 \t\t\t2.64844 \t\t\t-60.6358807827 \t\t\t0.0983284169125\n", + "----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import factorial\n", + "n=3##number of significant figures\n", + "es=0.5*(10**(2-n))##percent, specified error criterion\n", + "x=0.5#\n", + "f=[]\n", + "f.append(1)##first estimate f=e**x = 1\n", + "ft=1.648721##true value of e**0.5=f\n", + "et=[]\n", + "et.append((ft-f[0])*100/ft)\n", + "ea=[]\n", + "ea.append(100)\n", + "i=1\n", + "while ea[i-1]>=es:\n", + " f.append(f[(i-1)]+(x**(i-1))/(factorial(i-1)))\n", + " et.append((ft-f[(i)])*100/ft)\n", + " ea.append((f[(i)]-f[(i-1)])*100/f[(i)])\n", + " i=i+1#\n", + "\n", + "print \"Terms\\t\\t\\tResult\\t\\t\\t\\tet(%)\\t\\t\\t\\tea(%)\"\n", + "print '-'*100\n", + "for j in range(0,i-1):\n", + " print j+1,'\\t\\t\\t%0.5f'%f[j],'\\t\\t\\t',et[j],'\\t\\t\\t',ea[j]\n", + " print '-'*100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.3 Pg: 60" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Thus a 16-bit computer word can store decimal integers ranging from -32767 to 32767\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "n=16##no of bits\n", + "num=0#\n", + "for i in range(0,(n-1)):\n", + " num=num+(1*(2**i))#\n", + "\n", + "print \"Thus a 16-bit computer word can store decimal integers ranging from\",(-1*num),\"to\",num" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.4: Pg :63" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The smallest possible positive number for this system is : 0.0625\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "n=7##no. of bits\n", + "#the maximum value of exponents is given by\n", + "max=1*(2**1)+1*(2**0)#\n", + "#mantissa is found by\n", + "mantissa=1*(2**-1)+0*(2**-3)+0*(2**-3)#\n", + "num=mantissa*(2**(max*-1))##smallest possible positive number for this system\n", + "print \"The smallest possible positive number for this system is : \",num" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.5: Pg :65" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "value of epsilon= 0.25\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "b=2##base\n", + "t=3##number of mantissa bits\n", + "E=2**(1-t)##epsilon\n", + "print \"value of epsilon=\",E" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.6: Pg :68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Input a number: 15\n", + "The number summed up 100,000 times is= 1500000\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "num=input(\"Input a number: \")\n", + "Sum=0#\n", + "for i in range(0,100000):\n", + " Sum=Sum+num#\n", + "\n", + "print \"The number summed up 100,000 times is=\",Sum" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.7: Pg :71" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The roots of the quadratic equation (x**2)+(3000.001*x)+3=0 are = -0.000999999999976 & -3000.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a=1#\n", + "b=3000.001#\n", + "c=3#\n", + "#the roots of the quadratic equation x**2+3000.001*x+3=0 are found as\n", + "D=(b**2)-4*a*c#\n", + "x1=(-b+(D**0.5))/(2*a)#\n", + "x2=(-b-(D**0.5))/(2*a)#\n", + "print \"The roots of the quadratic equation (x**2)+(3000.001*x)+3=0 are = \",x1,'&',x2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex 3.8: Pg :73" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Input value of x:1.25\n", + "sum: 1 term: 1 i: 0\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 2.25 term: 1.25 i: 1\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.03125 term: 0.78125 i: 2\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.35677083333 term: 0.325520833333 i: 3\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.45849609375 term: 0.101725260417 i: 4\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.48392740885 term: 0.0254313151042 i: 5\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.4892255995 term: 0.0052981906467 i: 6\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49017170497 term: 0.000946105472625 i: 7\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49031953395 term: 0.000147828980098 i: 8\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034006576 term: 2.05318027913e-05 i: 9\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034263223 term: 2.56647534892e-06 i: 10\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034292388 term: 2.91644926013e-07 i: 11\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034295426 term: 3.03796797931e-08 i: 12\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034295718 term: 2.92112305703e-09 i: 13\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034295744 term: 2.60814558663e-10 i: 14\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034295746 term: 2.17345465553e-11 i: 15\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034295746 term: 1.69801144963e-12 i: 16\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034295746 term: 1.24853783061e-13 i: 17\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034295746 term: 8.67040160146e-15 i: 18\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "sum: 3.49034295746 term: 5.7042115799e-16 i: 19\n", + "-------------------------------------\n", + "Exact Value: 3.49034295746\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=exp(x)\n", + " return y\n", + "Sum=1#\n", + "test=0#\n", + "i=0#\n", + "term=1#\n", + "x=input(\"Input value of x:\")\n", + "while Sum!=test:\n", + " print \"sum:\",Sum,\"term:\",term,\"i:\",i\n", + " print \"-------------------------------------\"\n", + " i=i+1#\n", + " term=term*x/i#\n", + " test=Sum#\n", + " Sum=Sum+term#\n", + "\n", + "print \"Exact Value:\",f(x)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter4_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter4_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b51b3a07 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter4_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,514 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4 : Truncation Errors and the Taylor Series" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example: 4.1 Page No:79" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The value of f at x=0 : 1.2\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to zero order approximation : 1.2\n", + "Truncation error : -1.0\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of first derivative of f at x=0 : -0.4\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to first order approximation : 0.8\n", + "Truncation error : -0.6\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of second derivative of f at x=0 : -1.8\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to second order approximation : -0.1\n", + "Truncation error : 0.3\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of third derivative of f at x=0 : -0.9\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to third order approximation : -0.25\n", + "Truncation error : 0.45\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of fourth derivative of f at x=0 : -2.4\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to fourth order approximation : -0.35\n", + "Truncation error : 0.55\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import factorial\n", + "from scipy.misc import derivative\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=-0.1*x**4-0.15*x**3-0.5*x**2-0.25*x+1.2#\n", + " return y\n", + "xi=0#\n", + "xf=1#\n", + "h=xf-xi#\n", + "fi=f(xi)##function value at xi\n", + "ffa=f(xf)##actual function value at xf\n", + "\n", + "#for n=0, i.e, zero order approximation\n", + "ff=fi#\n", + "Et_1=ffa-ff##truncation error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=0 :\",fi\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to zero order approximation :\",ff\n", + "print \"Truncation error :\",Et_1\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "#for n=1, i.e, first order approximation\n", + "def f1(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f1i=f1(xi)##value of first derivative of function at xi\n", + "f1f=fi+f1i*h##value of first derivative of function at xf\n", + "Et_2=ffa-f1f##truncation error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of first derivative of f at x=0 :\",f1i\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to first order approximation :\",f1f\n", + "print \"Truncation error :\",Et_2\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#for n=2, i.e, second order approximation\n", + "def f2(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f1,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f2i=f2(xi)##value of second derivative of function at xi\n", + "f2f=f1f+f2i*(h**2)/factorial(2)##value of second derivative of function at xf\n", + "Et_3=ffa-f2f##truncation error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of second derivative of f at x=0 :\",f2i\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to second order approximation :\",f2f\n", + "print \"Truncation error :\",Et_3\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "#for n=3, i.e, third order approximation\n", + "def f3(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f2,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f3i=f3(xi)##value of third derivative of function at xi\n", + "f3f=f2f+f3i*(h**3)/factorial(3)##value of third derivative of function at xf\n", + "Et_4=ffa-f3f##truncation error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of third derivative of f at x=0 :\",f3i\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to third order approximation :\",f3f\n", + "print \"Truncation error :\", Et_4\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "#for n=4, i.e, fourth order approximation\n", + "def f4(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f3,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f4i=f4(xi)##value of fourth derivative of function at xi\n", + "f4f=f3f+f4i*(h**4)/factorial(4)##value of fourth derivative of function at xf\n", + "Et_5=ffa-f4f##truncation error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of fourth derivative of f at x=0 :\",f4i\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to fourth order approximation :\",f4f\n", + "print \"Truncation error :\",Et_5\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.2: Page No:82" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The value of f at x=1 due to zero order approximation : 0.707106781187\n", + "% relative error : -41.4213562373\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to first order approximation : 0.551333569463\n", + "% relative error : -10.2667138927\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to second order approximation : 0.534175415889\n", + "% relative error : -6.83508317772\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to third order approximation : 0.535435376789\n", + "% relative error : -7.08707535775\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to fourth order approximation : 0.535504768061\n", + "% relative error : -7.10095361216\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to fifth order approximation : 0.535501917392\n", + "% relative error : -7.10038347839\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n", + "The value of f at x=1 due to sixth order approximation : 0.535501819651\n", + "% relative error : -7.10036393016\n", + "----------------------------------------------\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,cos,factorial\n", + "from scipy.misc import derivative\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=cos(x)\n", + " return y\n", + "xi=pi/4#\n", + "xf=pi/3#\n", + "h=xf-xi#\n", + "fi=f(xi)##function value at xi\n", + "ffa=f(xf)##actual function value at xf\n", + "\n", + "#for n=0, i.e, zero order approximation\n", + "ff=fi#\n", + "et1=(ffa-ff)*100/ffa##percent relative error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to zero order approximation :\",ff\n", + "print \"% relative error :\",et1\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "#for n=1, i.e, first order approximation\n", + "def f1(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f1i=f1(xi)##value of first derivative of function at xi\n", + "f1f=fi+f1i*h##value of first derivative of function at xf\n", + "et2=(ffa-f1f)*100/ffa##% relative error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to first order approximation :\",f1f\n", + "print \"% relative error :\",et2\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#for n=2, i.e, second order approximation\n", + "def f2(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f1,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f2i=f2(xi)##value of second derivative of function at xi\n", + "f2f=f1f+f2i*(h**2)/factorial(2)##value of second derivative of function at xf\n", + "et3=(ffa-f2f)*100/ffa##% relative error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to second order approximation :\",f2f\n", + "print \"% relative error :\",et3\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#for n=3, i.e, third order approximation\n", + "def f3(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f2,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f3i=f3(xi)##value of third derivative of function at xi\n", + "f3f=f2f+f3i*(h**3)/factorial(3)##value of third derivative of function at xf\n", + "et4=(ffa-f3f)*100/ffa##% relative error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to third order approximation :\",f3f\n", + "print \"% relative error :\",et4\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#for n=4, i.e, fourth order approximation\n", + "def f4(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f3,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f4i=f4(xi)##value of fourth derivative of function at xi\n", + "f4f=f3f+f4i*(h**4)/factorial(4)##value of fourth derivative of function at xf\n", + "et5=(ffa-f4f)*100/ffa##% relative error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to fourth order approximation :\",f4f\n", + "print \"% relative error :\",et5\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#for n=5, i.e, fifth order approximation\n", + "f5i=(f4(1.1*xi)-f4(0.9*xi))/(2*0.1)##value of fifth derivative of function at xi (central difference method)\n", + "f5f=f4f+f5i*(h**5)/factorial(5)##value of fifth derivative of function at xf\n", + "et6=(ffa-f5f)*100/ffa##% relative error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to fifth order approximation :\",f5f\n", + "print \"% relative error :\",et6\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#for n=6, i.e, sixth order approximation\n", + "def f6(x):\n", + " y=derivative(f5,x)\n", + " return y\n", + "f6i=(f4(1.1*xi)-2*f4(xi)+f4(0.9*xi))/(0.1**2)##value of sixth derivative of function at xi (central difference method)\n", + "f6f=f5f+f6i*(h**6)/factorial(6)##value of sixth derivative of function at xf\n", + "et6=(ffa-f6f)*100/ffa##% relative error at x=1\n", + "print \"The value of f at x=1 due to sixth order approximation :\",f6f\n", + "print \"% relative error :\", et6\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------------\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.3 : Page No:85" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Input value of m:4\n", + "Input value of h:5\n", + "\n", + "Remainder: 21 \n", + "The value by first order approximation: 1275\n", + "True Value at x2: 1296\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,cos,factorial\n", + "m=input(\"Input value of m:\")\n", + "h=input(\"Input value of h:\")\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=x**m\n", + " return y\n", + "x1=1#\n", + "x2=x1+h#\n", + "fx1=f(x1)#\n", + "fx2=fx1+m*(fx1**(m-1))*h#\n", + "if m==1:\n", + " R=0#\n", + "elif m==2 :\n", + " R=2*(h**2)/factorial(2)#\n", + " \n", + "elif m==3:\n", + " R=(6*(x1)*(h**2)/factorial(2))+(6*(h**3)/factorial(3))#\n", + " \n", + "elif m==4:\n", + " R=(12*(x1**2)*(h**2)/factorial(2))+(24*(x1)*(h**3)/factorial(3))+(24*(h**4)/factorial(4))\n", + " \n", + "print \"\\nRemainder:\",fx2,\"\\nThe value by first order approximation:\",R\n", + "print \"True Value at x2:\",f(x2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.4: Page No:92" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Input h:1.232323\n", + "For h= 1.232323\n", + "and percent error= -2.70944264922 Derivative at x by forward difference method= 114.60931875\n", + "and percent error= -0.178591334206 Derivative at x by backward difference method= 85.854151746\n", + "and percent error= -1.44401699172 Derivative at x by central difference method= 14.3775835022\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from scipy.misc import derivative\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=-0.1*(x**4)-0.15*(x**3)-0.5*(x**2)-0.25*(x)+1.2\n", + " return y\n", + "x=0.5#\n", + "h=input(\"Input h:\")\n", + "x1=x-h#\n", + "x2=x+h#\n", + "#forward difference method\n", + "fdx1=(f(x2)-f(x))/h##derivative at x\n", + "et1=abs((fdx1-derivative(f,x))/derivative(f,x))*100#\n", + "#backward difference method\n", + "fdx2=(f(x)-f(x1))/h##derivative at x\n", + "et2=abs((fdx2-derivative(f,x))/derivative(f,x))*100#\n", + "#central difference method\n", + "fdx3=(f(x2)-f(x1))/(2*h)##derivative at x\n", + "et3=abs((fdx3-derivative(f,x))/derivative(f,x))*100#\n", + "print \"For h=\",h\n", + "print \"and percent error=\",fdx1,\"Derivative at x by forward difference method=\",et1\n", + "print \"and percent error=\",fdx2,\"Derivative at x by backward difference method=\",et2\n", + "print \"and percent error=\",fdx3,\"Derivative at x by central difference method=\",et3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.5: Page No: 95" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "true value is between : 15.4275 and 15.8225\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from scipy.misc import derivative\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=x**3\n", + " return y\n", + "x=2.5#\n", + "delta=0.01#\n", + "deltafx=abs(derivative(f,x))*delta#\n", + "fx=f(x)#\n", + "print \"true value is between : \",fx-deltafx,\"and\",fx+deltafx" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.6: Page No: 96" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The value of y is between: 0.528721343471 and 0.596278656529\n", + "ymin is calculated at lower extremes of F, L, E, I values as = 0.524066539965\n", + "ymax is calculated at higher extremes of F, L, E, I values as = 0.602846335915\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from scipy.misc import derivative\n", + "def f(F,L,E,I):\n", + " y=(F*(L**4))/(8*E*I)\n", + " return y\n", + "Fbar=50##lb/ft\n", + "Lbar=30##ft\n", + "Ebar=1.5*(10**8)##lb/ft**2\n", + "Ibar=0.06##ft**4\n", + "deltaF=2##lb/ft\n", + "deltaL=0.1##ft\n", + "deltaE=0.01*(10**8)##lb/ft**2\n", + "deltaI=0.0006##ft**4\n", + "ybar=(Fbar*(Lbar**4))/(8*Ebar*Ibar)#\n", + "def f1(F):\n", + " y=(F*(Lbar**4))/(8*Ebar*Ibar)\n", + " return y\n", + "def f2(L):\n", + " y=(Fbar*(L**4))/(8*Ebar*Ibar)\n", + " return y\n", + "def f3(E):\n", + " y=(Fbar*(Lbar**4))/(8*E*Ibar)\n", + " return y\n", + "def f4(I):\n", + " y=(Fbar*(Lbar**4))/(8*Ebar*I)\n", + " return y\n", + "\n", + "deltay=abs(derivative(f1,Fbar))*deltaF+abs(derivative(f2,Lbar))*deltaL+abs(derivative(f3,Ebar))*deltaE+abs(derivative(f4,Ibar))*deltaI#\n", + "\n", + "print \"The value of y is between:\",ybar-deltay,\"and\",ybar+deltay\n", + "ymin=((Fbar-deltaF)*((Lbar-deltaL)**4))/(8*(Ebar+deltaE)*(Ibar+deltaI))#\n", + "ymax=((Fbar+deltaF)*((Lbar+deltaL)**4))/(8*(Ebar-deltaE)*(Ibar-deltaI))#\n", + "print \"ymin is calculated at lower extremes of F, L, E, I values as =\",ymin\n", + "print \"ymax is calculated at higher extremes of F, L, E, I values as =\",ymax" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example 4.7 : Page No:98" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The condition number of function for x = 0.18201112073 is : 1.72787595947\n", + "The condition number of function for x = 0.0160083243793 is : 1.58650429006\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi,tan\n", + "from scipy.misc import derivative\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=tan(x)\n", + " return y\n", + "x1bar=(pi/2)+0.1*(pi/2)#\n", + "x2bar=(pi/2)+0.01*(pi/2)#\n", + "#computing condition number for x1bar\n", + "condnum1=x1bar*derivative(f,x1bar)/f(x1bar)#\n", + "print \"The condition number of function for x =\",condnum1,\"is :\",x1bar\n", + "if abs(condnum1)>1:\n", + " print \"Function is ill-conditioned for x =\",x1bar\n", + "\n", + "#computing condition number for x2bar\n", + "condnum2=x2bar*derivative(f,x2bar)/f(x2bar)#\n", + "print \"The condition number of function for x =\",condnum2,\"is :\",x2bar\n", + "if abs(condnum2)>1:\n", + " print \"Function is ill-conditioned for x =\",x2bar" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter5_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter5_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2de92c8c --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter5_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,528 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 5 : Bracketing Methods" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex5.1: Pg:120" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "For various values of c and f(c) is found as:\n", + "[4, 34.114844174677984]\n", + "[8, 17.653427509399428]\n", + "[12, 6.066935998372109]\n", + "[16, -2.2687619693477643]\n", + "[20, -8.400628721768179]\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fa7dfe0c990>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "from math import exp\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title, xlabel, ylabel, show\n", + "m=68.1##kg\n", + "v=40##m/s\n", + "t=10##s\n", + "g=9.8##m/s**2\n", + "def f(c):\n", + " y=g*m*(1-exp(-c*t/m))/c - v#\n", + " return y\n", + "print \"For various values of c and f(c) is found as:\"\n", + "i=0#\n", + "Fc=[]\n", + "for c in arange(4,21,4):\n", + " i=i+1#\n", + " bracket=[c, f(c)]\n", + " print bracket\n", + " Fc.append(f(c))\n", + "\n", + "c=arange(4,21,4)\n", + "plot(c,Fc)\n", + "title('f(c) vs c')\n", + "xlabel('c')\n", + "ylabel('f(c) (m/s)')\n", + "show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex5.2: Pg:123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f01da57e590>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + }, + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "0.55 \t0.60 \t0.65 \t0.70 \t0.75 \t0.80 \t0.85 \t0.90 \t0.95 \t" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "from math import sin,cos\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot, title, xlabel, ylabel, show\n", + "\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=sin(10*x)+cos(3*x)#\n", + " return y\n", + "count=1#\n", + "func=[]\n", + "val=[]\n", + "for i in arange(0.55,1,0.05):\n", + " val.append(i)\n", + " func.append(f(i))\n", + " count=count+1#\n", + "\n", + "plot(val,func)\n", + "title(\"x vs f(x)\")\n", + "xlabel('x')\n", + "ylabel('f(x)')\n", + "show()\n", + "for v in val:\n", + " print '%0.2f'%v,'\\t'," + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex5.3: Pg:125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "enter the tolerable true percent error=1.24\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "m=68.1##kg\n", + "v=40##m/s\n", + "t=10##s\n", + "g=9.8##m/s**2\n", + "def f(c):\n", + " y=g*m*(1-exp(-c*t/m))/c - v#\n", + " return y\n", + "x1=12#\n", + "x2=16#\n", + "xt=14.7802##true value\n", + "e=input(\"enter the tolerable true percent error=\")\n", + "xr=(x1+x2)/2#\n", + "etemp=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100##error\n", + "while etemp>e:\n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)>0:\n", + " x1=xr#\n", + " xr=(x1+x2)/2#\n", + " etemp=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100#\n", + " \n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)<0:\n", + " x2=xr#\n", + " xr=(x1+x2)/2#\n", + " etemp=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100#\n", + " \n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)==0:\n", + " break\n", + " \n", + "print \"The result is =\",xr" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex5.4: Pg:126" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "enter the tolerable approximate error=21.03\n", + "Iteration: 1\n", + "xl: 12\n", + "xu: 16\n", + "xr: 14\n", + "et: 5.27868364433 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 2\n", + "xl: 14\n", + "xu: 15\n", + "xr: 14\n", + "et(%): 5.27868364433 %\n", + "ea 0 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "The result is= 14\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "m=68.1##kg\n", + "v=40##m/s\n", + "t=10##s\n", + "g=9.8##m/s**2\n", + "def f(c):\n", + " y=g*m*(1-exp(-c*t/m))/c - v#\n", + " return y\n", + "x1=12#\n", + "x2=16#\n", + "xt=14.7802##true value\n", + "e=input(\"enter the tolerable approximate error=\")\n", + "xr=(x1+x2)/2#\n", + "i=1#\n", + "et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100##error\n", + "print \"Iteration:\",i\n", + "print \"xl:\",x1\n", + "print \"xu:\",x2\n", + "print \"xr:\",xr\n", + "print \"et:\",et,\"%\"\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------\"\n", + "etemp=100#\n", + "while etemp>e:\n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)>0:\n", + " x1=xr\n", + " xr=(x1+x2)/2\n", + " etemp=abs(xr-x1)/xr*100\n", + " et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100\n", + " \n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)<0:\n", + " x2=xr\n", + " xr=(x1+x2)/2\n", + " etemp=abs(xr-x2)/xr*100\n", + " et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100\n", + " \n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)==0:\n", + " break#\n", + " \n", + " i=i+1#\n", + " print \"Iteration:\",i\n", + " print \"xl:\",x1\n", + " print \"xu:\",x2\n", + " print \"xr:\",xr\n", + " print \"et(%):\",et,\"%\"\n", + " print \"ea\",etemp,\"%\"\n", + " print \"----------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print \"The result is=\",xr" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex5.5: Pg:133" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "enter the tolerable true percent error=24.36\n", + "The result is= 14.9113031791\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "m=68.1##kg\n", + "v=40##m/s\n", + "t=10##s\n", + "g=9.8##m/s**2\n", + "def f(c):\n", + " y=g*m*(1-exp(-c*t/m))/c - v#\n", + " return y\n", + "x1=12#\n", + "x2=16#\n", + "xt=14.7802##true value\n", + "e=input(\"enter the tolerable true percent error=\")\n", + "xr=x1-(f(x1)*(x2-x1))/(f(x2)-f(x1))#\n", + "etemp=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100##error\n", + "while etemp>e:\n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)>0:\n", + " x1=xr\n", + " xr=x1-(f(x1)*(x2-x1))/(f(x2)-f(x1))\n", + " etemp=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100\n", + " \n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)<0:\n", + " x2=xr\n", + " xr=x1-(f(x1)*(x2-x1))/(f(x2)-f(x1))\n", + " etemp=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100\n", + " \n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)==0:\n", + " break\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "print \"The result is=\",xr" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex5.6: Pg:135" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "BISECTION METHOD:\n", + "Iteration: 1\n", + "xl: 0\n", + "xu: 1.3\n", + "xr: 0.65\n", + "et(%): 35.0 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 2\n", + "xl: 0.65\n", + "xu: 1.3\n", + "xr: 0.975\n", + "et(%): 2.5 %\n", + "ea(%) 33.3333333333 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 3\n", + "xl: 0.975\n", + "xu: 1.3\n", + "xr: 1.1375\n", + "et(%): 13.75 %\n", + "ea(%) 14.2857142857 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 4\n", + "xl: 0.975\n", + "xu: 1.1375\n", + "xr: 1.05625\n", + "et(%): 5.625 %\n", + "ea(%) 7.69230769231 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 5\n", + "xl: 0.975\n", + "xu: 1.05625\n", + "xr: 1.015625\n", + "et(%): 1.5625 %\n", + "ea(%) 4.0 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "FALSE POSITION METHOD:\n", + "Iteration: 1\n", + "xl: 0\n", + "xu: 1.3\n", + "xr: 0.0942995953723\n", + "et(%): 90.5700404628 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 2\n", + "xl: 0.0942995953723\n", + "xu: 1.3\n", + "xr: 0.181758872519\n", + "et(%): 81.8241127481 %\n", + "ea(%) 48.1182986748 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 3\n", + "xl: 0.181758872519\n", + "xu: 1.3\n", + "xr: 0.26287401252\n", + "et(%): 73.712598748 %\n", + "ea(%) 30.8570403075 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 4\n", + "xl: 0.26287401252\n", + "xu: 1.3\n", + "xr: 0.338105103322\n", + "et(%): 66.1894896678 %\n", + "ea(%) 22.2508001396 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 5\n", + "xl: 0.338105103322\n", + "xu: 1.3\n", + "xr: 0.407877916593\n", + "et(%): 59.2122083407 %\n", + "ea(%) 17.1062983388 %\n", + "----------------------------------------\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "def f(x):\n", + " y=x**10 - 1#\n", + " return y\n", + "x1=0#\n", + "x2=1.3#\n", + "xt=1#\n", + "\n", + "#using bisection method\n", + "print \"BISECTION METHOD:\"\n", + "xr=(x1+x2)/2#\n", + "et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100##error\n", + "print \"Iteration:\",1\n", + "print \"xl:\",x1\n", + "print \"xu:\",x2\n", + "print \"xr:\",xr\n", + "print \"et(%):\",et,\"%\"\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------\"\n", + "for i in range(2,6):\n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)>0:\n", + " x1=xr\n", + " xr=(x1+x2)/2\n", + " ea=abs(xr-x1)/xr*100#\n", + " et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100#\n", + " else:\n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)<0:\n", + " x2=xr#\n", + " xr=(x1+x2)/2#\n", + " ea=abs(xr-x2)/xr*100#\n", + " et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100#\n", + " \n", + " \n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)==0:\n", + " break\n", + " \n", + " print \"Iteration:\",i\n", + " print \"xl:\",x1\n", + " print \"xu:\",x2\n", + " print \"xr:\",xr\n", + " print \"et(%):\",et,\"%\"\n", + " print \"ea(%)\",ea,\"%\"\n", + " print \"----------------------------------------\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#using false position method\n", + "print \"FALSE POSITION METHOD:\"\n", + "x1=0#\n", + "x2=1.3#\n", + "xt=1#\n", + "xr=x1-(f(x1)*(x2-x1))/(f(x2)-f(x1))##\n", + "et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100##error\n", + "print \"Iteration:\",1\n", + "print \"xl:\",x1\n", + "print \"xu:\",x2\n", + "print \"xr:\",xr\n", + "print \"et(%):\",et,\"%\"\n", + "print \"----------------------------------------\"\n", + "for i in range(2,6):\n", + " if f(x1)*f(xr)>0:\n", + " x1=xr#\n", + " xr=x1-(f(x1)*(x2-x1))/(f(x2)-f(x1))#\n", + " ea=abs(xr-x1)/xr*100#\n", + " et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100#\n", + " \n", + " elif f(x1)*f(xr)<0:\n", + " x2=xr#\n", + " xr=x1-(f(x1)*(x2-x1))/(f(x2)-f(x1))#\n", + " ea=abs(xr-x2)/xr*100#\n", + " et=abs(xr-xt)/xt*100#\n", + " \n", + " \n", + " elif f(x1)*f(xr)==0:\n", + " break#\n", + " \n", + " print \"Iteration:\",i\n", + " print \"xl:\",x1\n", + " print \"xu:\",x2\n", + " print \"xr:\",xr\n", + " print \"et(%):\",et,'%'\n", + " print \"ea(%)\",ea,\"%\"\n", + " print \"----------------------------------------\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter6_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter6_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9efcccef --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter6_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,688 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 6 : Open Methods" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.1: Pg: 143" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = :\n", + "0\n", + "1.0\n", + "0.367879441171\n", + "0.692200627555\n", + "0.500473500564\n", + "0.606243535086\n", + "0.545395785975\n", + "0.579612335503\n", + "0.560115461361\n", + "0.57114311508\n", + "0.564879347391\n", + "\n", + "e = :\n", + "100.0\n", + "-171.828182846\n", + "46.8536394613\n", + "-38.3091465933\n", + "17.4467896812\n", + "-11.1566225254\n", + "5.90335081441\n", + "-3.48086697962\n", + "1.93080393126\n", + "-1.10886824205\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "#f(x) = exp(-x) - x#\n", + "#using simple fixed point iteration, Xi+1 = exp(-Xi)\n", + "x = 0##initial guess\n", + "y=[]\n", + "e=[]\n", + "y.append(0)\n", + "e.append(0)\n", + "for i in range(1,12):\n", + " if i == 1 :\n", + " y.append(x)\n", + " else:\n", + " y.append(exp(-y[(i-1)]))\n", + " e.append((y[(i)] - y[(i-1)]) * 100 / y[(i)])\n", + " \n", + "print \"x = :\"\n", + "for x in y[1:]:\n", + " print x\n", + "print \"\\ne = :\"\n", + "for e in e[1:]:\n", + " print e\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.2: Pg: 144" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6000000000000001, 0.8, 1.0]\n", + "y1 = [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6000000000000001, 0.8, 1.0]\n", + "y2 = [1.0, 0.8187307530779818, 0.6703200460356393, 0.5488116360940264, 0.44932896411722156, 0.36787944117144233]\n", + "answer using two curve graphical method = 5.7\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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Vau4JRG1dRKJFzT1BqK2LSDRF1NzNbLCZrTazdWZ2WxmPX25mK8xspZm9aWad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\nAElFTkSuQmCC\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f6dbdac5f50>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "#y1 = x\n", + "#y2 = exp(-x)\n", + "x=[]\n", + "y1=[]\n", + "y2=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,6):\n", + " if i == 0:\n", + " x.append(0)\n", + " else:\n", + " x.append(x[(i-1)] + 0.2)\n", + " \n", + " y1.append(x[(i)])\n", + " y2.append(exp(-x[(i)]))\n", + "\n", + "print \"x = \",x\n", + "print \"y1 = \",y1\n", + "print \"y2 = \",y2\n", + "plot(x,y1)\n", + "plot(x,y2)#\n", + "title(\"f(x) vs x\")\n", + "xlabel(\"x\")\n", + "y=(\"f(x)\")\n", + "# from the graph, we get\n", + "x7 = 5.7#\n", + "print \"answer using two curve graphical method = \",x7" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.3: Pg: 149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = [0.5, 0.5663110031972182, 0.5671431650348622, 0.5671432904097811, 0.5671432904097811]\n", + "et = [100.0, 11.709290976662398, 0.14672870783743905, 2.2106391984397626e-05]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "#f(x) = exp(-x)-x\n", + "#f'(x) = -exp(-x)-1\n", + "x=[]\n", + "et=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,5):\n", + " if i == 0:\n", + " x.append(0)\n", + " else:\n", + " x.append(x[(i-1)] - (exp(-x[(i-1)])-x[(i-1)])/(-exp(-x[(i-1)])-1))\n", + " et.append((x[(i)] - x[(i-1)]) * 100 / x[(i)])\n", + " x[(i-1)] = x[(i)]\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "print \"x =\",x\n", + "print \"et =\",et" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.4: Pg: 150" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Et1 = 0.0582022389721 which is close to the true error of 0.06714329\n", + "Et2 = 0.000815754223141 which is close to the true error of 0.0008323\n", + "Et3 = 1.253469828e-07 which is close to the true error of 0.0008323\n", + "Et4 = 2.84303276339e-15 which is close to the true error of 0.0008323\n", + "Thus it illustratres that the error of newton raphson method for this case is proportional(by a factor of 0.18095) to the square of the error of the previous iteration\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "#f(x) = exp(-x) - x\n", + "#f'(x) = -exp(-x) - 1\n", + "#f\"(x) = exp(-x)\n", + "xr = 0.56714329#\n", + "#E(ti+1) = -f\"(x)* E(ti) / 2 * f'(x)\n", + "Et0 = 0.56714329#\n", + "Et1 = -exp(-xr)* ((Et0)**2) / (2 * (-exp(-xr) - 1))#\n", + "print \"Et1 = \",Et1,\"which is close to the true error of 0.06714329\"\n", + "Et1true = 0.06714329#\n", + "Et2 = -exp(-xr)* ((Et1true)**2) / (2 * (-exp(-xr) - 1))#\n", + "print \"Et2 = \",Et2,\"which is close to the true error of 0.0008323\"\n", + "Et2true = 0.0008323#\n", + "Et3 = -exp(-xr)* ((Et2true)**2) / (2 * (-exp(-xr) - 1))#\n", + "print \"Et3 = \",Et3,\"which is close to the true error of 0.0008323\"\n", + "Et4 = -exp(-xr)* ((Et3)**2) / (2 * (-exp(-xr) - 1))#\n", + "print \"Et4 = \",Et4,\"which is close to the true error of 0.0008323\"\n", + "print \"Thus it illustratres that the error of newton raphson method for this case is proportional(by a factor of 0.18095) to the square of the error of the previous iteration\"\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.5: Pg: 151" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "y =\n", + "0.5\n", + "51.65\n", + "46.485\n", + "41.8365\n", + "37.65285\n", + "33.887565\n", + "30.4988085\n", + "27.44892765\n", + "24.704034885\n", + "22.2336313965\n", + "20.0102682569\n", + "18.0092414312\n", + "16.208317288\n", + "14.5874855592\n", + "13.1287370033\n", + "11.815863303\n", + "10.6342769727\n", + "9.57084927551\n", + "8.61376434811\n", + "7.75238791368\n", + "6.9771491233\n", + "6.27943421352\n", + "5.65149079876\n", + "5.08634173588\n", + "4.57770760618\n", + "4.11993695885\n", + "3.70794355537\n", + "3.33714995458\n", + "3.00343690726\n", + "2.70309824497\n", + "2.43280139954\n", + "2.18955475922\n", + "1.97068573981\n", + "1.7738402371\n", + "1.59703134797\n", + "1.43880793143\n", + "1.29871134273\n", + "1.17835471562\n", + "1.08334975351\n", + "1.02366466118\n", + "Thus, after the first poor prediction, the technique is converging on to the true root of 1 but at a very slow rate\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "z = 0.5#\n", + "#f(x) = x**10 - 1\n", + "#f'(x) = 10*x**9\n", + "y=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,40):\n", + " if i==0:\n", + " y.append(z)\n", + " else:\n", + " y.append(y[(i-1)] - (y[(i-1)]**10 - 1)/(10*y[(i-1)]**9))\n", + " \n", + "print \"y =\"\n", + "for yy in y:\n", + " print yy\n", + "print \"Thus, after the first poor prediction, the technique is converging on to the true root of 1 but at a very slow rate\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.6: Pg: 155" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x =\n", + "0\n", + "1\n", + "0.61269983678\n", + "0.563838389161\n", + "0.56717035842\n", + "\n", + "et =\n", + "-8.03263435953\n", + "0.582727662867\n", + "-0.00477276558181\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "#f(x) = exp(-x)-x\n", + "x=[]\n", + "er=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,5):\n", + " if i==0:\n", + " x.append(0)\n", + " else:\n", + " if i==1:\n", + " x.append(1)\n", + " else:\n", + " x.append(x[(i-1)] - (exp(-x[(i-1)])-x[(i-1)])*(x[(i-2)] - x[(i-1)])/((exp(-x[(i-2)])-x[(i-2)])-(exp(-x[(i-1)])-x[(i-1)])))\n", + " er.append((0.56714329 - x[(i)]) * 100 / 0.56714329)\n", + " \n", + "print \"x =\"\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " print xx\n", + "\n", + "print \"\\net =\"\n", + "for xx in er:\n", + " print xx\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.7: Pg: 156" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "secant method\n", + "x =\n", + "[0.5, 5, 1.8546349804879152, -0.1043807923822424]\n", + "[0.5, 5, 1.8546349804879152, -0.1043807923822424]\n", + "[0.5, 5, 1.8546349804879152, -0.1043807923822424]\n", + "[0.5, 5, 1.8546349804879152, -0.1043807923822424]\n", + "thus, secant method is divergent\n", + "Now, False position method\n", + "xr = 1.85463498049\n", + "xr = 1.21630781847\n", + "xr = 1.05852096245\n", + "thus, false position method is convergent\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import log\n", + "#f(x) = log(x)\n", + "print \"secant method\"\n", + "x=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,4):\n", + " if i==0:\n", + " x.append(0.5)\n", + " else:\n", + " if i==1:\n", + " x.append(5)\n", + " else:\n", + " x.append(x[(i-1)] - log(x[(i-1)]) * (x[(i-2)] - x[(i-1)])/(log(x[(i-2)]) - log(x[(i-1)])))\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "print \"x =\"\n", + "for xx in x:\n", + " print x\n", + "print \"thus, secant method is divergent\"\n", + "print \"Now, False position method\"\n", + "xl = 0.5#\n", + "xu = 5#\n", + "for i in range(0,3):\n", + " m = log(xl)#\n", + " n = log(xu)#\n", + " xr = xu - n*(xl - xu)/(m - n)#\n", + " print \"xr = \",xr\n", + " w = log(xr)#\n", + " if m*w < 0:\n", + " xu = xr#\n", + " else:\n", + " xl = xr#\n", + " \n", + "\n", + " \n", + "print \"thus, false position method is convergent\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.8: Pg: 158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x1 = 1\n", + "x = 0.537262665537\n", + "error = 5.26861993966 %\n", + "x = 0.567009685365\n", + "error = 0.0235574743537 %\n", + "x = 0.567143424147\n", + "error = -2.3653190891e-05 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import exp\n", + "Del = 0.01#\n", + "z = 0.56714329\n", + "x1 = 1#\n", + "#f(x) = exp(-x) - x\n", + "x=[]\n", + "print \"x1 = \",x1\n", + "for i in range(0,4):\n", + " if i == 0:\n", + " x.append(1)\n", + " else :\n", + " w = x[(i-1)]\n", + " m = exp(-x[(i-1)]) - x[(i-1)]\n", + " x[(i-1)] = x[(i-1)]*(1+Del)#\n", + " n = exp(-x[(i-1)]) - x[(i-1)]#\n", + " x.append(w - (x[(i-1)]- w) * m/(n-m))\n", + " em = (z - x[(i)])*100/z#\n", + " print \"x = \",x[(i)]\n", + " print \"error = \",em,\"%\"\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.9: Pg: 161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "standard Newton Raphson method\n", + "x = 0.428571428571\n", + "error = 57.1428571429 %\n", + "x = 0.685714285714\n", + "error = 31.4285714286 %\n", + "x = 0.832865400495\n", + "error = 16.7134599505 %\n", + "x = 0.913329893257\n", + "error = 8.66701067434 %\n", + "x = 0.955783292966\n", + "error = 4.42167070343 %\n", + "x = 0.977655101273\n", + "error = 2.23448987271 %\n", + "Modified Newton Raphson method\n", + "x = 1.10526315789\n", + "error = -10.5263157895 %\n", + "x = 1.0030816641\n", + "error = -0.30816640986 %\n", + "x = 1.00000238149\n", + "error = -0.000238149381548 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#f(x) = x**3 - 5*x**2 + 7*x -3\n", + "#f'(x) = 3*x**2 - 10*x + 7\n", + "print \"standard Newton Raphson method\"\n", + "x=[]\n", + "et=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,7):\n", + " if i == 0:\n", + " x.append(0)\n", + " else:\n", + " x.append(x[(i-1)] - ((x[(i-1)])**3 - 5*(x[(i-1)])**2 + 7*x[(i-1)] -3)/(3*(x[(i-1)])**2 - 10*(x[(i-1)]) + 7)) \n", + " et.append((1 - x[(i)]) * 100 / 1)\n", + " print \"x = \",x[i]\n", + " print \"error = \",et[(i-1)],\"%\"\n", + " x[(i-1)] = x[(i)]\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "print \"Modified Newton Raphson method\"\n", + "#f\"(x) = 6*x - 10\n", + "x=[]\n", + "et=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,4):\n", + " if i == 0:\n", + " x.append(0)\n", + " else:\n", + " x.append(x[(i-1) ]- ((x[(i-1)])**3 - 5*(x[(i-1)])**2 + 7*x[(i-1)] -3)*((3*(x[(i-1)])**2 - 10*(x[(i-1)]) + 7))/((3*(x[(i-1)])**2 - 10*(x[(i-1)]) + 7)**2 - ((x[(i-1)])**3 - 5*(x[(i-1)])**2 + 7*x[(i-1)] -3) * (6*x[(i-1)] - 10)))\n", + " et.append((1 - x[(i)]) * 100 / 1)\n", + " print \"x = \",x[i]\n", + " print \"error = \",et[i-1],'%'\n", + " x[(i-1) ]= x[(i)]\n", + " \n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.10: Pg: 165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x = 2.17944947177\n", + "y = 2.86050598812\n", + "x = 1.94053387891\n", + "y = 3.04955067322\n", + "x = 2.02045628588\n", + "y = 2.98340474674\n", + "Thus the approaching to the true value 0f x = 2 and y = 3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#u(x,y) = x**2 + x*y - 10\n", + "#v(x,y) = y + 3*x*y**2 -57\n", + "x=[]\n", + "y=[]\n", + "for i in range(0,4):\n", + " if i == 0:\n", + " x.append(1.5)\n", + " y.append(3.5)\n", + " else:\n", + " x.append(sqrt(10 - (x[(i-1)])*(y[(i-1)])))\n", + " y.append(sqrt((57 - y[(i-1)])/(3*x[(i)])))\n", + " print \"x =\",x[(i)]\n", + " print \"y =\",y[i]\n", + " \n", + "\n", + "print \"Thus the approaching to the true value 0f x = 2 and y = 3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex6.11:Pg 168" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "bracket: [1.9999999838762603, 2.9999994133889132]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "from numpy.linalg import det\n", + "def u(x,y):\n", + " z=x**2+x*y-10\n", + " return z\n", + "def v(x,y):\n", + " z=y+3*x*y**2-57\n", + " return z\n", + "x=1.5#\n", + "y=3.5#\n", + "e=[100,100]#\n", + "while e[0]>0.0001 and e[1]>0.0001:\n", + " J=mat([[2*x+y, x],[3*y**2, 1+6*x*y]])\n", + " deter=det(J)#\n", + " u1=u(x,y)#\n", + " v1=v(x,y)#\n", + " x=x-((u1*J[1,1]-v1*J[0,1])/deter)#\n", + " y=y-((v1*J[0,0]-u1*J[1,0])/deter)#\n", + " e[(0)]=abs(2-x)#\n", + " e[(1)]=abs(3-y)#\n", + "\n", + "bracket=[x ,y]#\n", + "print \"bracket:\",bracket" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter7_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter7_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c923ac9f --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter7_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,718 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 7 : Roots of polynomials" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex7.1: Pg: 179" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The quptient is a(1)+a(2)*x where :\n", + "a(1)= 6\n", + "a(2)= 1\n", + "remainder= 0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=(x-4)*(x+6)\n", + " return y\n", + "n=2\n", + "a=[0,-24,2,1]\n", + "t=4\n", + "r=a[(3)]\n", + "a[(3)]=0\n", + "for i in arange(n,0,-1):\n", + " s=a[(i)]\n", + " a[(i)]=r\n", + " r=s+r*t\n", + "\n", + "print \"The quptient is a(1)+a(2)*x where :\"\n", + "print \"a(1)=\",a[1]\n", + "print \"a(2)=\",a[2]\n", + "print \"remainder=\",r" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex7.2: Pg: 183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "iteration: 0\n", + "xr: 5\n", + "---------------------------------------------\n", + "iteration: 0\n", + "xr: 3.97648704224\n", + "ea(%): 25.7391246818 %\n", + "---------------------------------------------\n", + "iteration: 1\n", + "xr: 4.00105049882\n", + "ea(%): 0.613925182444 %\n", + "---------------------------------------------\n", + "iteration: 2\n", + "xr: 4.00000070527\n", + "ea(%): 0.026244833989 %\n", + "---------------------------------------------\n", + "iteration: 3\n", + "xr: 4.0\n", + "ea(%): 1.76317506373e-05 %\n", + "---------------------------------------------\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "def f(x):\n", + " y=x**3 - 13*x - 12\n", + " return y\n", + "\n", + "x1t=-3\n", + "x2t=-1\n", + "x3t=4\n", + "x0=4.5\n", + "x1=5.5\n", + "x2=5\n", + "print \"iteration:\",0\n", + "print \"xr:\",x2\n", + "print \"---------------------------------------------\"\n", + "for i in range(0,4):\n", + "\n", + " h0=x1-x0\n", + " h1=x2-x1\n", + " d0=(f(x1)-f(x0))/(x1-x0)\n", + " d1=(f(x2)-f(x1))/(x2-x1)\n", + " a=(d1-d0)/(h1+h0)\n", + " b=a*h1+d1\n", + " c=f(x2)\n", + " d=(b**2 - 4*a*c)**0.5\n", + " if abs(b+d)>abs(b-d):\n", + " x3=x2+((-2*c)/(b+d))\n", + " else:\n", + " x3=x2+((-2*c)/(b-d))\n", + " ea=abs(x3-x2)*100/x3\n", + " x0=x1\n", + " x1=x2\n", + " x2=x3\n", + " print \"iteration:\",i\n", + " print \"xr:\",x2\n", + " print \"ea(%):\",ea,\"%\"\n", + " print \"---------------------------------------------\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex7.3: Pg: 187" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Iteration: 1\n", + "delata r: 0.212481426449\n", + "delata s: 1.61961367013\n", + "r: -0.787518573551\n", + "s: 0.619613670134\n", + "Error in r: 26.9811320755\n", + "Error in s: 261.39088729\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 2\n", + "delata r: 4.04595826496\n", + "delata s: 5.2325468461\n", + "r: 3.25843969141\n", + "s: 5.85216051623\n", + "Error in r: 124.168579079\n", + "Error in s: 89.4122235982\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 3\n", + "delata r: 2.4536017174\n", + "delata s: -24.7953826358\n", + "r: 5.71204140882\n", + "s: -18.9432221196\n", + "Error in r: 42.9549007403\n", + "Error in s: 130.893163155\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 4\n", + "delata r: -7.89009085\n", + "delata s: 22.0401977474\n", + "r: -2.17804944119\n", + "s: 3.09697562788\n", + "Error in r: 362.254901143\n", + "Error in s: 711.668427386\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 5\n", + "delata r: -58.1023530819\n", + "delata s: 185.887882155\n", + "r: -60.2804025231\n", + "s: 188.984857783\n", + "Error in r: 96.386803422\n", + "Error in s: 98.3612572646\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 6\n", + "delata r: 1160.70485616\n", + "delata s: 90001.7445985\n", + "r: 1100.42445363\n", + "s: 90190.7294562\n", + "Error in r: 105.477922844\n", + "Error in s: 99.7904608834\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 7\n", + "delata r: -21882.7802726\n", + "delata s: 31520060.138\n", + "r: -20782.355819\n", + "s: 31610250.8675\n", + "Error in r: 105.294993807\n", + "Error in s: 99.7146788558\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 8\n", + "delata r: 411986.000256\n", + "delata s: 11197461422.1\n", + "r: 391203.644438\n", + "s: 11229071673.0\n", + "Error in r: 105.312413653\n", + "Error in s: 99.7184963122\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 9\n", + "delata r: -7758767.67604\n", + "delata s: 3.9700158833e+12\n", + "r: -7367564.0316\n", + "s: 3.98124495498e+12\n", + "Error in r: 105.309809901\n", + "Error in s: 99.7179507466\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 10\n", + "delata r: 146111056.094\n", + "delata s: 1.4079763212e+15\n", + "r: 138743492.063\n", + "s: 1.41195756615e+15\n", + "Error in r: 105.310205129\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180336683\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 11\n", + "delata r: -2751543853.16\n", + "delata s: 4.99319657786e+17\n", + "r: -2612800361.1\n", + "s: 5.00731615352e+17\n", + "Error in r: 105.310145166\n", + "Error in s: 99.718021087\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 12\n", + "delata r: 51816650788.5\n", + "delata s: 1.77078151694e+20\n", + "r: 49203850427.4\n", + "s: 1.7757888331e+20\n", + "Error in r: 105.310154263\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180229957\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 13\n", + "delata r: -9.75803357309e+11\n", + "delata s: 6.27987270746e+22\n", + "r: -9.26599506881e+11\n", + "s: 6.29763059579e+22\n", + "Error in r: 105.310152883\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227061\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 14\n", + "delata r: 1.83761812944e+13\n", + "delata s: 2.22708488435e+25\n", + "r: 1.74495817875e+13\n", + "s: 2.23338251495e+25\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153092\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227501\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 15\n", + "delata r: -3.46057469143e+14\n", + "delata s: 7.89810111349e+27\n", + "r: -3.28607887356e+14\n", + "s: 7.92043493864e+27\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153061\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227434\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 16\n", + "delata r: 6.51690195935e+15\n", + "delata s: 2.80097098525e+30\n", + "r: 6.18829407199e+15\n", + "s: 2.80889142018e+30\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227444\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 17\n", + "delata r: -1.22725312811e+17\n", + "delata s: 9.93332238103e+32\n", + "r: -1.16537018739e+17\n", + "s: 9.96141129523e+32\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 18\n", + "delata r: 2.31114454359e+18\n", + "delata s: 3.5227388664e+35\n", + "r: 2.19460752485e+18\n", + "s: 3.53270027769e+35\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 19\n", + "delata r: -4.35231247656e+19\n", + "delata s: 1.24929893994e+38\n", + "r: -4.13285172407e+19\n", + "s: 1.25283164021e+38\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 20\n", + "delata r: 8.19620908009e+20\n", + "delata s: 4.43049541996e+40\n", + "r: 7.78292390768e+20\n", + "s: 4.44302373636e+40\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 21\n", + "delata r: -1.54349770717e+22\n", + "delata s: 1.57122439144e+43\n", + "r: -1.46566846809e+22\n", + "s: 1.57566741518e+43\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 22\n", + "delata r: 2.90669155552e+23\n", + "delata s: 5.57216711507e+45\n", + "r: 2.76012470871e+23\n", + "s: 5.58792378922e+45\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 23\n", + "delata r: -5.47383760902e+24\n", + "delata s: 1.97610516534e+48\n", + "r: -5.19782513815e+24\n", + "s: 1.98169308913e+48\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 24\n", + "delata r: 1.03082482601e+26\n", + "delata s: 7.00803034767e+50\n", + "r: 9.78846574632e+25\n", + "s: 7.02784727856e+50\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 25\n", + "delata r: -1.94123373367e+27\n", + "delata s: 2.48531759419e+53\n", + "r: -1.8433490762e+27\n", + "s: 2.49234544147e+53\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 26\n", + "delata r: 3.6557020297e+28\n", + "delata s: 8.81389382974e+55\n", + "r: 3.47136712208e+28\n", + "s: 8.83881728416e+55\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 27\n", + "delata r: -6.88436281433e+29\n", + "delata s: 3.12574636833e+58\n", + "r: -6.53722610212e+29\n", + "s: 3.13458518562e+58\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 28\n", + "delata r: 1.29645280097e+31\n", + "delata s: 1.10851010324e+61\n", + "r: 1.23108053995e+31\n", + "s: 1.11164468843e+61\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 29\n", + "delata r: -2.44146032172e+32\n", + "delata s: 3.93120395638e+63\n", + "r: -2.31835226773e+32\n", + "s: 3.94232040327e+63\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 30\n", + "delata r: 4.59772118049e+33\n", + "delata s: 1.39415639979e+66\n", + "r: 4.36588595372e+33\n", + "s: 1.3980987202e+66\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 31\n", + "delata r: -8.65835904252e+34\n", + "delata s: 4.94421578898e+68\n", + "r: -8.22177044714e+34\n", + "s: 4.95819677619e+68\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 32\n", + "delata r: 1.63052908966e+36\n", + "delata s: 1.75340942893e+71\n", + "r: 1.54831138518e+36\n", + "s: 1.75836762571e+71\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 33\n", + "delata r: -3.07058773973e+37\n", + "delata s: 6.21826545742e+73\n", + "r: -2.91575660121e+37\n", + "s: 6.23584913368e+73\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 34\n", + "delata r: 5.78248442618e+38\n", + "delata s: 2.20523653295e+76\n", + "r: 5.49090876606e+38\n", + "s: 2.21147238208e+76\n", + "Error in r: 105.310153065\n", + "Error in s: 99.7180227443\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "Iteration: 35\n", + "delata r: -inf\n", + "delata s: inf\n", + "r: -inf\n", + "s: inf\n", + "Error in r: nan\n", + "Error in s: nan\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n", + "[nan, -inf] The roots are:\n", + "x**3 - 4*x**2 + 5.25*x - 2.5 The quotient is:\n", + "-----------------------------------------------------\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=x**5-3.5*x**4+2.75*x**3+2.125*x**2-3.875*x+1.25\n", + " return y\n", + "r=-1\n", + "s=-1\n", + "es=1##%\n", + "n=6\n", + "count=1\n", + "ear=100\n", + "eas=100\n", + "a=[0,1.25, -3.875, 2.125, 2.75, -3.5, 1]\n", + "b=a\n", + "c=a\n", + "while (ear>es) and (eas>es):\n", + " \n", + " b[(n)]=a[(n)]\n", + " b[(n-1)]=a[(n-1)]+r*b[(n)]\n", + " for i in arange(n-2,0,-1):\n", + " b[(i)]=a[(i)]+r*b[(i+1)]+s*b[(i+2)]\n", + "\n", + " c[(n)]=b[(n)]\n", + " c[(n-1)]=b[(n-1)]+r*c[(n)]\n", + " for i in arange((n-2),1,-1):\n", + " c[(i)]=b[(i)]+r*c[(i+1)]+s*c[(i+2)]\n", + " \n", + " #c(3)*dr+c(4)*ds=-b(2)\n", + " #c(2)*dr+c(3)*ds=-b(1)\n", + " ds=((-b[(1)])+(b[(2)]*c[(2)]/c[(3)]))/(c[(3)]-(c[(4)]*c[(2)]/c[(3)]))\n", + " dr=(-b[(2)]-c[(4)]*ds)/c[(3)]\n", + " r=r+dr\n", + " s=s+ds\n", + " ear=abs(dr/r)*100\n", + " eas=abs(ds/s)*100\n", + " print \"Iteration:\",count\n", + " print \"delata r:\",dr\n", + " print \"delata s:\",ds\n", + " print \"r:\",r\n", + " print \"s:\",s\n", + " print \"Error in r:\",ear\n", + " print \"Error in s:\",eas\n", + " print \"-----------------------------------------------------\"\n", + " count=count+1\n", + "\n", + "x1=(r+(r**2 + 4*s)**0.5)/2\n", + "x2=(r-(r**2 + 4*s)**0.5)/2\n", + "bracket=[x1, x2]\n", + "print bracket,\"The roots are:\"\n", + "print \"x**3 - 4*x**2 + 5.25*x - 2.5\",\"The quotient is:\"\n", + "print \"-----------------------------------------------------\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex7.4: Pg: 191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The root is= 0.738868466337\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import cos\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=x-cos(x)\n", + " return y\n", + "x1=0\n", + "if f(x1)<0:\n", + " x2=x1+0.001\n", + " while f(x2)<0:\n", + " x2=x2+0.001\n", + " \n", + "elif x20==x1+0.001:\n", + " while f(x2)>0:\n", + " x2=x2+0.001\n", + " \n", + "else:\n", + " print \"The root is=\",x1\n", + "\n", + "x=x2-(x2-x1)*f(x2)/(f(x2)-f(x1))\n", + "print \"The root is=\",x" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex7.5: Pg: 191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x= 2\n", + "y= 3.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "def u(x,y):\n", + " z=x**2+x*y-10\n", + " return z\n", + "def v(x,y):\n", + " z=y+3*x*y**2-57\n", + " return z\n", + "x=1\n", + "y=3.5\n", + "while u(x,y)!=v(x,y):\n", + " x=x+1\n", + " y=y-0.5\n", + "\n", + "print \"x=\",x\n", + "print \"y=\",y" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex7.6: Pg: 194" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The roots of the polynomial are:\n", + "-1\n", + "1\n", + "-1/4 + sqrt(5)/4 - I*sqrt(sqrt(5)/8 + 5/8)\n", + "-1/4 + sqrt(5)/4 + I*sqrt(sqrt(5)/8 + 5/8)\n", + "1/4 + sqrt(5)/4 - I*sqrt(-sqrt(5)/8 + 5/8)\n", + "1/4 + sqrt(5)/4 + I*sqrt(-sqrt(5)/8 + 5/8)\n", + "-sqrt(5)/4 - 1/4 - I*sqrt(-sqrt(5)/8 + 5/8)\n", + "-sqrt(5)/4 - 1/4 + I*sqrt(-sqrt(5)/8 + 5/8)\n", + "-sqrt(5)/4 + 1/4 - I*sqrt(sqrt(5)/8 + 5/8)\n", + "-sqrt(5)/4 + 1/4 + I*sqrt(sqrt(5)/8 + 5/8)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from sympy import symbols,solve\n", + "x=symbols('s')\n", + "p=x**10 -1\n", + "print \"The roots of the polynomial are:\"\n", + "for r in solve(p):\n", + " print r" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex7.7: Pg: 195" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The roots of the polynomial are:\n", + "-1.00000000000000\n", + "0.500000000000000\n", + "2.00000000000000\n", + "1.0 - 0.5*I\n", + "1.0 + 0.5*I\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from sympy import symbols,solve\n", + "x=symbols('s')\n", + "p=x**5 - 3.5*x**4 +2.75*x**3 +2.125*x**2 - 3.875*x + 1.25\n", + "print \"The roots of the polynomial are:\"\n", + "for r in solve(p):\n", + " print r" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex7.8: Pg: 196" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The root is= 0.739083980074\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import cos\n", + "def f(x):\n", + " y=x-cos(x)\n", + " return y\n", + "x1=0\n", + "if f(x1)<0:\n", + " x2=x1+0.00001\n", + " while f(x2)<0:\n", + " x2=x2+0.00001\n", + " \n", + "elif x2==x1+0.00001:\n", + " while f(x2)>0:\n", + " x2=x2+0.00001\n", + " \n", + "else:\n", + " print x1,\"The root is=\"\n", + "\n", + "x=x2-(x2-x1)*f(x2)/(f(x2)-f(x1))\n", + "print \"The root is=\",x" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter9_2.ipynb b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter9_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1c603f39 --- /dev/null +++ b/Numerical_Methods_For_Engineers_by_S._C._Chapra_And_R._P._Canale/Chapter9_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,608 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter - 9 : Gauss Eliminations" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.1 Pg: 242" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The lines meet at=x2= 3 and x1= 4\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fc740383550>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "from matplotlib.pyplot import plot,title,xlabel,ylabel,show\n", + "#the equations are:\n", + "#3*x1 + 2*x2=18 and -x1 + 2*x2=2\n", + "\n", + "#equation 1 becomes,\n", + "#x2=-(3/2)*x1 + 9\n", + "#equation 2 becomes,\n", + "#x2=-(1/2)*x1 + 1\n", + "\n", + "#plotting equation 1\n", + "x2=[0]\n", + "for x1 in range(1,7):\n", + " x2.append(-(3/2)*x1 + 9)\n", + "\n", + "x1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n", + "#plotting equation 2\n", + "x4=[0]\n", + "for x3 in range(1,7):\n", + " x4.append((1/2)*x3 + 1)\n", + "\n", + "x3=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n", + "plot(x1,x2[1:])\n", + "plot(x3,x4[1:])\n", + "title(\"x2 vs x1\")\n", + "xlabel(\"x1\")\n", + "ylabel(\"x2\")\n", + "#the lines meet at x1=4 amd x2=3\n", + "print \"The lines meet at=x2=\",3,\"and x1=\",4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.2 Pg: 244" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The value of determinant for system repesented in fig 9.1 = 8.0\n", + "The value of determinant for system repesented in fig 9.2 (a) = 0.0\n", + "The value of determinant for system repesented in fig 9.2 (b) = 0.0\n", + "The value of determinant for system repesented in fig 9.2 (c) = -0.04\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy.linalg import det\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "#For fig9.1\n", + "a=mat([[3, 2],[-1, 2]])\n", + "print \"The value of determinant for system repesented in fig 9.1 =\",det(a)\n", + "#For fig9.2 (a)\n", + "a=mat([[-0.5, 1],[-0.5, 1]])\n", + "print \"The value of determinant for system repesented in fig 9.2 (a) =\",det(a)\n", + "#For fig9.2 (b)\n", + "a=mat([[-0.5, 1],[-1, 2]])\n", + "print \"The value of determinant for system repesented in fig 9.2 (b) =\",det(a)\n", + "#For fig9.2 (c)\n", + "a=mat([[-0.5, 1],[-2.3/5, 1]])\n", + "print \"The value of determinant for system repesented in fig 9.2 (c) =\",det(a)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.3 Pg: 245" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The values are:\n", + "x1= -14.9\n", + "x2= -29.5\n", + "x3= 19.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import mat\n", + "from numpy.linalg import det\n", + "#the matrix or the system\n", + "b1=-0.01#\n", + "b2=0.67#\n", + "b3=-0.44#\n", + "a=mat([[0.3, 0.52, 1],[0.5, 1, 1.9],[0.1, 0.3, 0.5]])\n", + "a1=mat([[a[1,1], a[1,2]],[a[2,1], a[2,2]]])\n", + "A1=det(a1)\n", + "a2=mat([[a[1,0], a[1,2]],[a[2,0], a[2,2]]])\n", + "A2=det(a2)\n", + "a3=mat([[a[1,0], a[1,1]],[a[2,0], a[2,1]]])\n", + "A3=det(a3)\n", + "D=a[0,0]*A1-a[0,1]*A2+a[0,2]*A3\n", + "p=mat([[b1, 0.52, 1],[b2, 1, 1.9],[b3, 0.3, 0.5]])\n", + "q=mat([[0.3, b1, 1],[0.5, b2, 1.9],[0.1, b3, 0.5]])\n", + "r=mat([[0.3, 0.52, b1],[0.5, 1, b2],[0.1 ,0.3, b3]])\n", + "x1=det(p)/D#\n", + "x2=det(q)/D#\n", + "x3=det(r)/D#\n", + "print \"The values are:\"\n", + "print \"x1=\",x1\n", + "print \"x2=\",x2\n", + "print \"x3=\",x3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.4 Pg: 246" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x1= 4.0\n", + "x2= 3.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#the equations are:\n", + "#3*x1+2*x2=18\n", + "#-x1+2*x2=2\n", + "a11=3#\n", + "a12=2#\n", + "b1=18#\n", + "a21=-1#\n", + "a22=2#\n", + "b2=2#\n", + "x1=(b1*a22-a12*b2)/(a11*a22-a12*a21)#\n", + "x2=(b2*a11-a21*b1)/(a11*a22-a12*a21)#\n", + "print \"x1=\",x1\n", + "print \"x2=\",x2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.5 Pg: 251" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x1= 2.61666666667\n", + "x2= -2.79319371728\n", + "x3= 7.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy import arange,mat\n", + "\n", + "n=3#\n", + "b=[7.85,-19.3,71.4] # ################################\n", + "a=mat([[3, -0.1, -0.2],[0.1, 7, -0.3],[0.3, -0.2, 10]])\n", + "for k in range(1,n):\n", + " for i in range(k+1,n+1):\n", + " fact=a[i-1,k-1]/a[k-1,k-1]\n", + " for j in range(k+1,n+1):\n", + " a[i-1,j-1]=a[i-1,j-1]-fact*(a[k-1,j-1])\n", + " \n", + " b[(i-1)]=b[(i-1)]-fact*b[(k-1)]\n", + " \n", + "x=[0,0,b[(n-1)]/a[n-1,n-1]]\n", + "for i in arange(n-1,0,-1):\n", + " s=b[i-1]#\n", + " for j in range(i+1,n+1):\n", + " s=s-a[i-1,j-1]*x[j-1]\n", + " \n", + " x[i-1]=b[i-1]/a[i-1,i-1]\n", + "\n", + "print \"x1=\",x[0]\n", + "print \"x2=\",x[1]\n", + "print \"x3=\",x[2]" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.6 Pg:255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "For the original system:\n", + "x1= 4.0\n", + "x2= 3.0\n", + "For the new system:\n", + "x1= 8.0\n", + "x2= 1.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a11=1#\n", + "a12=2#\n", + "b1=10#\n", + "a21=1.1#\n", + "a22=2#\n", + "b2=10.4#\n", + "x1=(b1*a22-a12*b2)/(a11*a22-a12*a21)#\n", + "x2=(b2*a11-a21*b1)/(a11*a22-a12*a21)#\n", + "print \"For the original system:\"\n", + "print \"x1=\",x1\n", + "print \"x2=\",x2\n", + "a21=1.05#\n", + "x1=(b1*a22-a12*b2)/(a11*a22-a12*a21)#\n", + "x2=(b2*a11-a21*b1)/(a11*a22-a12*a21)#\n", + "print \"For the new system:\"\n", + "print \"x1=\",x1\n", + "print \"x2=\",x2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.7 Pg: 257" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The determinant for part(a)= 8.0\n", + "The determinant for part(b)= -0.2\n", + "The determinant for part(c)= -20.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy.linalg import det\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "#part a\n", + "a=mat([[3, 2],[-1, 2]])\n", + "b1=18#\n", + "b2=2#\n", + "print \"The determinant for part(a)=\",det(a)\n", + "#part b\n", + "a=mat([[1, 2],[1.1, 2]])\n", + "b1=10\n", + "b2=10.4#\n", + "print \"The determinant for part(b)=\",det(a)\n", + "#part c\n", + "a1=a*10#\n", + "b1=100#\n", + "b2=104#\n", + "print \"The determinant for part(c)=\",det(a1)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.8 Pg: 258" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The determinant for part(a)= 1.3335\n", + "The determinant for part(b)= -0.05\n", + "The determinant for part(c)= -0.05\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from numpy.linalg import det\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "#part a\n", + "a=mat([[1, 0.667],[-0.5, 1]])\n", + "b1=6#\n", + "b2=1#\n", + "print \"The determinant for part(a)=\",det(a)\n", + "#part b\n", + "a=mat([[0.5, 1],[0.55, 1]])\n", + "b1=5\n", + "b2=5.2\n", + "print \"The determinant for part(b)=\",det(a)\n", + "#part c\n", + "b1=5#\n", + "b2=5.2#\n", + "print \"The determinant for part(c)=\",det(a)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.9 Pg: 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "x2 = 0.666666666667\n", + "x1 = 0.333333333334\n", + "The error varies depending on the no. of significant figures used\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#0.0003*x1 + 3*x2 = 2.0001\n", + "#1*x1 + 1*x2 = 1\n", + "a11 = 0.000#\n", + "#multiplying first equation by 1/0.0003, we get, x1 + 10000*x2 = 6667\n", + "x2 = (6667-1)/(10000-1)#\n", + "x1 = 6667 - 10000*x2#\n", + "print \"x2 = \",x2\n", + "print \"x1 = \",x1\n", + "print \"The error varies depending on the no. of significant figures used\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.10 Pg: 262" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "without scaling, applying forward elimination\n", + "x2 = 1.0\n", + "x1 = 0\n", + "error for x1 = 100.0\n", + "with scaling\n", + "x1 = 1\n", + "x2 = 1\n", + "pivot and retaining original coefficients\n", + "x1 = 1\n", + "x2 = 1.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "#2*x1 + 10000*x2 = 10000\n", + "#x1 + x2 = 2\n", + "x1 = 1#\n", + "x2 = 1#\n", + "print \"without scaling, applying forward elimination\"\n", + "#x1 is too small and can be neglected\n", + "x21 = 10000/10000#\n", + "x11 = 0#\n", + "e1 = (x1 - x11)*100/x1#\n", + "print \"x2 = \",x21\n", + "print \"x1 = \",x11\n", + "print \"error for x1 = \",e1\n", + "print \"with scaling\"\n", + "#0.00002*x1 + x2 = 1\n", + "#now x1 is neglected because of the co efficient\n", + "x22 = 1#\n", + "x12 = 2 - x1#\n", + "print \"x1 = \",x12\n", + "print \"x2 = \",x22\n", + "#using original co efficient\n", + "#x1 can be neglected\n", + "print \"pivot and retaining original coefficients\"\n", + "x22 = 10000/10000#\n", + "x12 = 2 - x1#\n", + "print \"x1 = \",x12\n", + "print \"x2 = \",x22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.11 Pg: 265" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "a= 8.59411764706 m/s**2\n", + "T= 34.4117647059 N\n", + "R= 36.7647058824 N\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import mat\n", + "from numpy.linalg import solve\n", + "a=mat([[70, 1, 0],[60, -1, 1],[40, 0, -1]])\n", + "b=mat([[636],[518],[307]])\n", + "x=abs(solve(a,b))\n", + "print \"a=\",x[0,0],\"m/s**2\"\n", + "print \"T=\",x[1,0],\"N\"\n", + "print \"R=\",x[2,0],\"N\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Ex:9.12 Pg: 269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Equation in matrix form can be written as : \n", + "[[ 3. -0.1 -0.2 7.85]\n", + " [ 0.1 7. -0.3 -19.3 ]\n", + " [ 0.3 -0.2 10. 71.4 ]]\n", + "final matrix = \n", + "[[ 1. 0. 0. 3. ]\n", + " [ 0. 1. 0. -2.5]\n", + " [ 0. 0. 1. 7. ]]\n", + "\n", + "x1 = 3.0\n", + "x2 = -2.5\n", + "x3 = 7.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from numpy import mat,vstack\n", + "from numpy.linalg import det\n", + "#3*x1 - 0.1*x2 - 0.2*x3 = 7.85\n", + "#0.1*x1 + 7*x2 - 0.3*x3 = -19.3\n", + "#0.3*x1 - 0.2*x2 + 10*x3 = 71.4\n", + "# this can be written in matrix form as\n", + "A = mat([[3,-0.1,-0.2,7.85],[0.1,7,-0.3,-19.3],[0.3,-0.2,10,71.4]])\n", + "print \"Equation in matrix form can be written as : \\n\",A\n", + "X = A[0:1] / (A[0,0])#\n", + "Y = A[1:2] - 0.1*X#\n", + "Z = A[2:3] - 0.3*X#\n", + "\n", + "Y = Y/(Y[0,1])\n", + "X = X - Y * (X[0,1])\n", + "Z = Z - Y * (Z[0,1])#\n", + "Z = Z/(Z[0,2])#\n", + "X = X - Z*(X[0,2])#\n", + "Y = Y - Z*(Y[0,2])#\n", + "A = vstack((X,Y,Z))\n", + "print \"final matrix = \\n\",A\n", + "print \"\\nx1 = \",A[0,3]\n", + "print \"x2 = \",A[1,3]\n", + "print \"x3 = \",A[2,3]" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + 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