diff options
16 files changed, 6045 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_0uf3yP0.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_0uf3yP0.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a4871749 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_0uf3yP0.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,681 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 4: Matter Waves" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength of proton is 1 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "v=3967; #velocity of proton(m/s)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h/(m*v); #de-Broglie wavelength of proton(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength of proton is\",int(lamda*10**10),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "kinetic energy of electron is 6 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=9.11*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "lamda=5*10**-10; #de-Broglie wavelength(m)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=h**2/(2*m*lamda**2*e); #kinetic energy of electron(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"kinetic energy of electron is\",int(E),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength of proton is 3.97 *10**-6 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "v=c/30; #velocity of proton(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=h/(m*v); #de-Broglie wavelength of proton(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength of proton is\",round(lamda*10**14,2),\"*10**-6 angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength of electron is 1 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "V=150; #potential difference(V)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=12.26/math.sqrt(V); #de-Broglie wavelength of electron(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength of electron is\",int(lamda),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength is 1.23 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "V=100; #voltage(eV) \n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/math.sqrt(2*m*e*V); #de-Broglie wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength is\",round(lamda,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de-Broglie wavelength of neutron is 0.99 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "v=4000; #velocity of proton(m/s)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/(m*v); #de-Broglie wavelength of neutron(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de-Broglie wavelength of neutron is\",round(lamda,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of kinetic energies of electron and proton is 1833\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mp=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "me=9.11*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "r=mp/me; #ratio of kinetic energies of electron and proton\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"ratio of kinetic energies of electron and proton is\",int(r)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of wavelengths is 32\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "E=1000; #energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "r=math.sqrt(2*m/(e*E))*c; #ratio of wavelengths\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"ratio of wavelengths is\",int(round(r))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of electron is 0.289 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "lamda=1.54*10**-10; #wavelength of X-ray(m)\n", + "wf=1*10**-15; #work function(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=h*c/lamda; #energy of X-ray(J)\n", + "Ee=E-wf; #energy of electron emitted(J)\n", + "lamda=h/math.sqrt(2*m*Ee); #wavelength of electron(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of electron is\",round(lamda*10**10,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 29, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "de broglie wavelength of proton is 1.537 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "T=400; #temperature(K)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/math.sqrt(2*m*k*T); #de broglie wavelength of proton(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"de broglie wavelength of proton is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 162" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 36, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "rest energy of electron is 8.19e-14 J\n", + "energy of proton is 8.19e-11 J\n", + "velocity of proton is 312902460.506 m/s\n", + "wavelength of electron is 1.27 *10**-5 angstrom\n", + "answers given in the book are wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.673*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "ke=1000; #kinetic energy\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "re=m0*c**2; #rest energy of electron(J)\n", + "Ep=ke*re; #energy of proton(J)\n", + "v=math.sqrt(2*Ep/m); #velocity of proton(m/s)\n", + "lamda=h*10**10/(m*v); #debroglie wavelength of proton(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"rest energy of electron is\",re,\"J\"\n", + "print \"energy of proton is\",Ep,\"J\"\n", + "print \"velocity of proton is\",v,\"m/s\"\n", + "print \"wavelength of electron is\",round(lamda*10**5,2),\"*10**-5 angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answers given in the book are wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 12, Page number 162" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "velocity of electron is 4.55 *10**7 m/s\n", + "kinetic energy is 5887 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "lamda=0.16*10**-10; #debroglie wavelength of electron(m)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "v=h/(lamda*m); #velocity of electron(m/s)\n", + "KE=m*v**2/(2*e); #kinetic energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"velocity of electron is\",round(v*10**-7,2),\"*10**7 m/s\"\n", + "print \"kinetic energy is\",int(KE),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 13, Page number 163" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "interplanar spacing of crystal is 1.78 angstrom\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "m=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "T=300; #temperature(K)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "d=h*10**10/math.sqrt(2*m*k*T); #interplanar spacing of crystal(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"interplanar spacing of crystal is\",round(d,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 14, Page number 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "potential is 605.16 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda=0.5; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V=(12.3/lamda)**2; #potential(volts)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"potential is\",V,\"volts\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 15, Page number 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of gama ray photon is 19.89 *10**-16 J\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda=1*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "p=h/lamda; #momentum(J-sec/m)\n", + "E=p*c; #energy of gama ray photon(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of gama ray photon is\",E*10**16,\"*10**-16 J\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 16, Page number 164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "velocity of electron is 2.2 *10**6 m/sec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "m=9*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "r=0.53*10**-10; #radius of orbit(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "v=h/(2*math.pi*r*m); #velocity of electron(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"velocity of electron is\",round(v*10**-6,1),\"*10**6 m/sec\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_3xxtXFm.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_3xxtXFm.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..444cec94 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_3xxtXFm.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 9: Nuclear Reactions" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 299" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Q value in nuclear reaction is -1.1898 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "N=14.003073; #mass of N\n", + "O=16.99913; #mass of O\n", + "H=1.007825; #mass of H\n", + "He=4.002604; #mass of He\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(N+He-(O+H))*m; #Q value in nuclear reaction(MeV) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Q value in nuclear reaction is\",round(Q,4),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 299" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "heat generated is 6.6 *10**6 KWH\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Li=7.01600; #mass of Li\n", + "H=1.007825; #mass of H\n", + "He=4.002604; #mass of He\n", + "m=931; \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #avagadro number\n", + "M=0.1; #mass(kg)\n", + "x=1000*3600;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(Li+H-(He+He))*m*10**6*e; #heat generated by Li(J)\n", + "mLi=Li/N; #mass of Li(kg) \n", + "H=Q*M/(x*mLi); #heat generated(KWH)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"heat generated is\",round(H*10**-6,1),\"*10**6 KWH\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 300" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Q-value for the reaction is 5.485 MeV\n", + "kinetic energy of Zn is 0.635 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Cu=62.929599; #mass of Cu\n", + "H=2.014102; #mass of H(amu)\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of n(amu)\n", + "Zn=63.929145; #mass of Zn(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "Kx=12; #energy of deuterons(MeV)\n", + "Ky=16.85; #kinetic energy of deuterons(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(H+Cu-n-Zn)*m; #Q-value for the reaction(MeV)\n", + "K=Q+Kx-Ky; #kinetic energy of Zn(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Q-value for the reaction is\",round(Q,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"kinetic energy of Zn is\",round(K,3),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 301" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "threshold kinetic energy is 5.378 MeV\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "P=1.007825; #mass of P(amu)\n", + "H2=2.014102; #mass of H2(amu)\n", + "H3=3.016049; #mass of H3(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(P+H3-(2*H2))*m; #Q-value(MeV)\n", + "Kth=-Q*(1+(P/H3)); #threshold kinetic energy(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"threshold kinetic energy is\",round(Kth,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_ThOp7qx.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_ThOp7qx.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ecefb615 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_ThOp7qx.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 8: Alpha and Beta Decays" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 282" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "velocity of beta article is 0.8624 c\n", + "mass of beta particle is 1.98 m0\n", + "flux density is 0.029106 weber/m**2\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "Ek=0.5*10**6; #kinetic energy(eV)\n", + "m0=9.11*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/s)\n", + "r=0.1; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=(Ek*e/(m0*c**2))+1;\n", + "y=1-(1/x)**2;\n", + "v=c*math.sqrt(y); #velocity of beta article(m/s)\n", + "m=m0/math.sqrt(1-(v/c)**2); #mass of beta particle(kg)\n", + "B=m*v/(e*r); #flux density(weber/m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"velocity of beta article is\",round(v/c,4),\"c\"\n", + "print \"mass of beta particle is\",round(m/m0,2),\"m0\"\n", + "print \"flux density is\",round(B,6),\"weber/m**2\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "kinetic energy of alpha particle is 4.782 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "A=226; #atomic weight\n", + "Ra=226.02540; #mass of Ra\n", + "Rn=222.017571; #mass of Rn\n", + "He=4.002603; #mass of He\n", + "m=931.5; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(Ra-Rn-He)*m; \n", + "kalpha=(A-4)*Q/A; #kinetic energy of alpha particle(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"kinetic energy of alpha particle is\",round(kalpha,3),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum kinetic energy of electrons is 4.548 MeV\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Ne=22.99465; #mass of Ne\n", + "Na=22.989768; #mass of Na\n", + "m=931.5; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q=(Ne-Na)*m; #maximum kinetic energy of electrons(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"maximum kinetic energy of electrons is\",round(Q,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 284" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Q value of 1st decay is 0.482 MeV\n", + "Q value of 2nd decay is 1.504 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "K=39.963999; #mass of K\n", + "Ca=39.962591; #mass of Ca\n", + "Ar=39.962384; #mass of Ar\n", + "me=0.000549; #mass of electron \n", + "m=931.5; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Q1=(K-Ar-(2*me))*m; #Q value of 1st decay(MeV)\n", + "Q2=(K-Ar)*m; #Q value of 2nd decay(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Q value of 1st decay is\",round(Q1,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"Q value of 2nd decay is\",round(Q2,3),\"MeV\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_cw2plTq.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_cw2plTq.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31b7323a --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_cw2plTq.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,277 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 7: Nuclear Structure" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "radius of He is 2.2375 fermi\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "A1=165; #mass number\n", + "A2=4; #mass number\n", + "R1=7.731; #radius(fermi)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "R2=R1*(A2/A1)**(1/3); #radius of He(fermi)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"radius of He is\",round(R2,4),\"fermi\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "average binding energy per nucleon is 7.07 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of neutron(amu)\n", + "p=1.007276; #mass of proton(amu)\n", + "alpha=4.00150; #mass of alpha particle(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltam=2*(p+n)-alpha;\n", + "BE=deltam*m; #binding energy(MeV)\n", + "ABE=BE/4; #average binding energy per nucleon(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"average binding energy per nucleon is\",round(ABE,2),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "binding energy of neutron is 7.25 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of neutron(amu)\n", + "Li36=6.015125; #mass of Li(amu)\n", + "Li37=7.016004; #mass of Li(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltam=Li36+n-Li37; \n", + "BE=deltam*m; #binding energy of neutron(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"binding energy of neutron is\",round(BE,2),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy released is 23.6 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "BEHe=4*7.0; #binding energy for He\n", + "BEH=2*1.1; #binding energy for H\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltaE=BEHe-(2*BEH); #energy released(MeV) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy released is\",deltaE,\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 260" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "mass is 19.987 amu\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of neutron(amu)\n", + "p=1.007276; #mass of proton(amu)\n", + "BE=160.647; #binding energy(MeV)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Mx=10*(p+n)-(BE/m); #mass(amu)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"mass is\",round(Mx,3),\"amu\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "binding energy of neutron is 11.471 MeV\n", + "answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "n=1.008665; #mass of neutron(amu)\n", + "Ca41=40.962278; #mass of Ca(amu)\n", + "Ca42=41.958622; #mass of Ca(amu)\n", + "m=931; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "deltam=Ca41+n-Ca42; \n", + "BE=deltam*m; #binding energy of neutron(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"binding energy of neutron is\",round(BE,3),\"MeV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_iLv6ZKs.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_iLv6ZKs.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..171aaa2d --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_iLv6ZKs.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 5: Uncertainity Principle" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in momentum is 0.211 *10**-20 kg m/sec\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "hby2pi=1.055*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=5*10**-14; #uncertainity(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delta_px=hby2pi/deltax; #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in momentum is\",delta_px*10**20,\"*10**-20 kg m/sec\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in position is 3.85 *10**-3 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "v=600; #speed(m/s)\n", + "deltap=(0.005/100)*m*v; #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltax=h/(2*math.pi*deltap); #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in position is\",round(deltax*10**3,2),\"*10**-3 m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in momentum is 3.5 *10**-24 kg ms-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=3*10**-11; #uncertainity(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltap=h/(2*math.pi*deltax); #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in momentum is\",round(deltap*10**24,1),\"*10**-24 kg ms-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in determination of energy is 6.59 *10**-8 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltat=10**-8; #lifetime of excited atom(sec)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltaE=h/(2*math.pi*deltat*e); #uncertainity in determination of energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in determination of energy is\",round(deltaE*10**8,2),\"*10**-8 eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in measurement of angular momentum is 2.17 *10**-29 Js\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltaphi=math.pi/(180*60*60); \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltaL=h/(2*math.pi*deltaphi); #uncertainity in measurement of angular momentum(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in measurement of angular momentum is\",round(deltaL*10**29,2),\"*10**-29 Js\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in position is 5.27 *10**-34 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "m=25*10**-3; #mass(kg)\n", + "v=400; #speed(m/s)\n", + "deltap=(2/100)*m*v; #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltax=h/(2*math.pi*deltap); #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in position is\",round(deltax*10**34,2),\"*10**-34 m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "percentage of uncertainity in momentum is 3.1 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=2*10**-10; #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "V=1000; #voltage(V)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltap=h/(2*math.pi*deltax); #uncertainity in momentum(kg m/s)\n", + "p=math.sqrt(2*m*e*V); #momentum(kg m/s)\n", + "pp=deltap*100/p; #percentage of uncertainity in momentum\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"percentage of uncertainity in momentum is\",round(pp,1),\"%\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "uncertainity in velocity of electron is 5.79 *10**4 ms-1\n", + "uncertainity in velocity of proton is 31.545 ms-1\n", + "answer for uncertainity in velocity of proton given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=20*10**-10; #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "me=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "mp=1.67*10**-27; #mass of proton(kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltave=h/(2*math.pi*deltax*me); #uncertainity in velocity of electron(ms-1)\n", + "deltavp=h/(2*math.pi*deltax*mp); #uncertainity in velocity of proton(ms-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"uncertainity in velocity of electron is\",round(deltave*10**-4,2),\"*10**4 ms-1\"\n", + "print \"uncertainity in velocity of proton is\",round(deltavp,3),\"ms-1\"\n", + "print \"answer for uncertainity in velocity of proton given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "minimum uncertainity in momentum is 1.3 *10**-20 kg m/s\n", + "minimum kinetic energy of proton is 0.32 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #plancks constant(J s)\n", + "deltax=8*10**-15; #uncertainity in position(m)\n", + "mp=1.67*10**-27; #mass(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "deltap=h/(2*math.pi*deltax); #minimum uncertainity in momentum(kg m/s)\n", + "ke=deltap**2/(2*mp*e); #minimum kinetic energy of proton(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"minimum uncertainity in momentum is\",round(deltap*10**20,1),\"*10**-20 kg m/s\"\n", + "print \"minimum kinetic energy of proton is\",round(ke/10**6,2),\"MeV\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_jCoLiYG.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_jCoLiYG.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fd167244 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_jCoLiYG.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 6: Schrodinger Wave Mechanics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy levels are 38 eV 150 eV 339 eV\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "a=10**-10; #width(m)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planck's constant\n", + "n1=1;\n", + "n2=2;\n", + "n3=3;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Ex=h**2/(8*e*m*a**2); #energy(eV)\n", + "E1=Ex*n1**2; #energy at 1st level(eV)\n", + "E2=Ex*n2**2; #energy at 2nd level(eV)\n", + "E3=Ex*n3**2; #energy at 3rd level(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy levels are\",int(round(E1)),\"eV\",int(round(E2)),\"eV\",int(round(E3)),\"eV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 229" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "probability of finding the particle is 0.133\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "deltax=1*10**-10; #width\n", + "a=15*10**-10; #width(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "W=2*deltax/a; #probability of finding the particle\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"probability of finding the particle is\",round(W,3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 229" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "probability of transmission of electron is 0.5\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "E=1; #energy(eV)\n", + "V0=2; #voltage(eV)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "chi=1.05*10**-34; \n", + "a=2*10**-10; #potential barrier\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=math.sqrt(2*m*(V0-E)*e);\n", + "y=16*E*(1-(E/V0))/V0;\n", + "T=y*math.exp(-2*a*x/chi); #probability of transmission of electron\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"probability of transmission of electron is\",round(T,1)\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 230" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fraction of electrons reflected is 0.38\n", + "fraction of electrons transmitted is 0.62\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "E=0.080*10**-19; #energy(eV)\n", + "E_V0=0.016*10**-19; #voltage(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=math.sqrt(E);\n", + "y=math.sqrt(E_V0);\n", + "R=(x-y)/(x+y); #fraction of electrons reflected\n", + "T=1-R; #fraction of electrons transmitted\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"fraction of electrons reflected is\",round(R,2)\n", + "print \"fraction of electrons transmitted is\",round(T,2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 12, Page number 231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 37, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "fraction of electrons transmitted is 0.4998\n", + "fraction of electrons reflected is 0.5002\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "E=0.34; #energy(eV)\n", + "E_V0=0.01; #voltage(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=math.sqrt(E);\n", + "y=math.sqrt(E_V0);\n", + "T=4*x*y/(x+y)**2; #fraction of electrons transmitted \n", + "R=1-T; #fraction of electrons reflected\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"fraction of electrons transmitted is\",round(T,4)\n", + "print \"fraction of electrons reflected is\",round(R,4)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 13, Page number 232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 50, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "transmission coefficient is 3.27 *10**-9\n", + "transmission coefficient in 1st case is 7.62 *10**-8\n", + "transmission coefficient in 2nd case is 1.51 *10**-15\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "E1=1*e; #energy(J)\n", + "E2=2*e; #energy(J)\n", + "V0=5*e; #voltage(J)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "chi=1.054*10**-34; \n", + "a1=10*10**-10; #potential barrier(m)\n", + "a2=20*10**-10; #potential barrier(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "beta1=math.sqrt(2*m*(V0-E1)/(chi**2));\n", + "y1=16*E1*((V0-E1)/(V0**2));\n", + "T1=y1*math.exp(-2*a1*beta1); #transmission coefficient\n", + "beta2=math.sqrt(2*m*(V0-E2)/(chi**2));\n", + "y2=16*E2*((V0-E2)/(V0**2));\n", + "T2=y2*math.exp(-2*a1*beta2); #transmission coefficient in 1st case\n", + "T3=y2*math.exp(-2*a2*beta2); #transmission coefficient in 2nd case\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"transmission coefficient is\",round(T1*10**9,2),\"*10**-9\"\n", + "print \"transmission coefficient in 1st case is\",round(T2*10**8,2),\"*10**-8\"\n", + "print \"transmission coefficient in 2nd case is\",round(T3*10**15,2),\"*10**-15\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_kiH9a7o.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_kiH9a7o.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ede08994 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_kiH9a7o.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,588 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 2: Molecular Spectra" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 97" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "raman shift is 219.03 cm-1\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda_sample=4358; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda_raman=4400; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delta_new=(10**8/lamda_sample)-(10**8/lamda_raman); #raman shift(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"raman shift is\",round(delta_new,2),\"cm-1\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 98" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of diatomic molecule is 2.22 *10**-68 J\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planck's constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=h**2/(2*math.pi**2); #energy of diatomic molecule(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of diatomic molecule is\",round(E*10**68,2),\"*10**-68 J\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 98" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "raman shift is 0.02 *10**6 m-1\n", + "wavelength of antistokes line 4950.5 angstrom\n", + "answer for wavelength given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda0=5000*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "lamda=5050.5*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "new0=1/lamda0; #frequency(m-1)\n", + "new=1/lamda; #frequency(m-1)\n", + "delta_new=new0-new; #raman shift(m-1)\n", + "new_as=delta_new+new0; #frequency of anti-stokes line(m-1)\n", + "lamdaas=1*10**10/new_as; #wavelength of anti-stokes line(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"raman shift is\",round(delta_new*10**-6,2),\"*10**6 m-1\"\n", + "print \"wavelength of antistokes line\",round(lamdaas,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer for wavelength given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 99" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy required is 60 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=4.8*10**2; #force constant(N/m)\n", + "x=2*10**-10; #inter nuclear distance(m)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=k*x**2/(2*e); #energy required(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy required is\",int(E),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 99" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "frequency of vibration is 2.04 *10**13 sec-1\n", + "spacing between energy levels is 8.447 *10**-2 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "k=187; #force constant(N/m)\n", + "m=1.14*10**-26; #reduced mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planck's constant\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "new=math.sqrt(k/m)/(2*math.pi); #frequency of vibration(sec-1)\n", + "delta_E=h*new; #spacing between energy levels(J)\n", + "delta_E=delta_E/e; #spacing between energy levels(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"frequency of vibration is\",round(new*10**-13,2),\"*10**13 sec-1\"\n", + "print \"spacing between energy levels is\",round(delta_E*10**2,3),\"*10**-2 eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "internuclear distance is 1.42 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "B=8.5; #seperation(cm-1)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-27; #planck's constant\n", + "c=3*10**10; #velocity of light(cm/sec)\n", + "N=6.023*10**23; #avagadro number\n", + "m1=1;\n", + "m2=79; \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "I=h/(8*math.pi**2*B*c); #moment inertia of molecule(gm cm**2)\n", + "m=m1*m2/(N*(m1+m2)); #reduced mass(gm)\n", + "r=10**8*math.sqrt(I/m); #internuclear distance(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"internuclear distance is\",round(r,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 100" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "vibrational frequency of sample is 1974 cm-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda1=4358.3; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda2=4768.5; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delta_new=(10**8/lamda1)-(10**8/lamda2); #vibrational frequency of sample(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"vibrational frequency of sample is\",int(round(delta_new)),\"cm-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 101" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "frequqncy of OD stretching vibration is 2401 cm-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "MO=16;\n", + "MD=2;\n", + "MH=1;\n", + "new=3300; #frequency(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mew_OD=MO*MD/(MO+MD); \n", + "mew_OH=MO*MH/(MO+MH);\n", + "new1=math.sqrt(mew_OD/mew_OH);\n", + "new_OD=new/new1; #frequqncy of OD stretching vibration(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"frequqncy of OD stretching vibration is\",int(new_OD),\"cm-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 12, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "raman shift of 4400 line is 219.03 cm-1\n", + "raman shift of 4419 line is 316.8 cm-1\n", + "raman shift of 4447 line is 459.2 cm-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda0=4358; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda1=4400; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda2=4419; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda3=4447; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "new0bar=10**8/lamda0; #wave number of exciting line(cm-1)\n", + "rs1=(10**8/lamda0)-(10**8/lamda1); #raman shift of 4400 line(cm-1)\n", + "rs2=(10**8/lamda0)-(10**8/lamda2); #raman shift of 4419 line(cm-1)\n", + "rs3=(10**8/lamda0)-(10**8/lamda3); #raman shift of 4447 line(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"raman shift of 4400 line is\",round(rs1,2),\"cm-1\"\n", + "print \"raman shift of 4419 line is\",round(rs2,1),\"cm-1\"\n", + "print \"raman shift of 4447 line is\",round(rs3,1),\"cm-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 12, Page number 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "corresponding wavelength is 32 *10**-4 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "new_bar=20.68; #transition(cm-1)\n", + "J=14;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "B=new_bar/2; \n", + "new=2*B*(J+1); #frequency(cm-1)\n", + "lamda=1/new; #corresponding wavelength(cm) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"corresponding wavelength is\",int(lamda*10**4),\"*10**-4 cm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 13, Page number 103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "moment of inertia of molecule is 1.4 *10**-42 gm cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "twoB=4000; #seperation observed from the series(cm-1)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-27; #planck's constant\n", + "c=3*10**10; #velocity of light(cm/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "B=twoB/2;\n", + "I=h/(8*math.pi**2*B*c); #moment of inertia of molecule(gm cm**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"moment of inertia of molecule is\",round(I*10**42,1),\"*10**-42 gm cm**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 14, Page number 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "corresponding wavelengths are 5648 angstrom 5725 angstrom 5775 angstrom 5836 angstrom 5983 angstrom 6558 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda=5461*10**-8; #wavelength(cm)\n", + "new1=608;\n", + "new2=846;\n", + "new3=995;\n", + "new4=1178;\n", + "new5=1599; \n", + "new6=3064; #raman shift(cm-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "newbar=1/lamda; #wave number(cm-1)\n", + "new11=newbar-new1;\n", + "new22=newbar-new2;\n", + "new33=newbar-new3;\n", + "new44=newbar-new4;\n", + "new55=newbar-new5;\n", + "new66=newbar-new6;\n", + "lamda1=10**8/new11;\n", + "lamda2=10**8/new22;\n", + "lamda3=10**8/new33;\n", + "lamda4=10**8/new44;\n", + "lamda5=10**8/new55;\n", + "lamda6=10**8/new66; #corresponding wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"corresponding wavelengths are\",int(lamda1),\"angstrom\",int(lamda2),\"angstrom\",int(round(lamda3)),\"angstrom\",int(lamda4),\"angstrom\",int(lamda5),\"angstrom\",int(lamda6),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 15, Page number 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "force constant is 115 N/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.63*10**-34; #planck's constant(J s)\n", + "e=1.602*10**-19; #charge(coulomb) \n", + "mew=1.14*10**-26; #reduced mass(kg)\n", + "deltaE=6.63*10**-2*e; #energy(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "new=deltaE/h; #frequency(sec-1)\n", + "k=4*math.pi**2*new**2*mew; #force constant(N/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"force constant is\",int(k),\"N/m\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_lhmb56O.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_lhmb56O.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3725056f --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_lhmb56O.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 13: Bonding In Crystals" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 398" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "potential energy is -5.76 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "r0=2.5*10**-10; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "U=-e*x/r0; #potential energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"potential energy is\",U,\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 398" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "equilibrium distance is -2.25 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "U=6.4; #potential energy(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "r0=-e*x/U; #equilibrium distance(m)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"equilibrium distance is\",r0*10**10,\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "compressibility of the solid is -25.087 *10**14\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "alpha=1.76; #madelung constant\n", + "n=0.5; #repulsive exponent\n", + "r0=4.1*10**-4; #equilibrium distance(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "C=18*r0**4/(x*alpha*e**2*(n-1)); #compressibility of the solid\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"compressibility of the solid is\",round(C*10**-14,3),\"*10**14\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "lattice energy is -6.45 eV\n", + "energy needed to form neutral atoms is -6.17 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "alpha=1.763; #madelung constant\n", + "n=10.5; #repulsive exponent\n", + "r0=3.56*10**-10; #equilibrium distance(m)\n", + "IE=3.89; #ionisation energy(eV)\n", + "EA=-3.61; #electron affinity(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "U=-x*alpha*e**2*(1-(1/n))/(e*r0); #lattice energy(eV) \n", + "E=U+EA+IE; #energy needed to form neutral atoms\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"lattice energy is\",round(U,2),\"eV\"\n", + "print \"energy needed to form neutral atoms is\",round(E,2),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 400" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "lattice energy is -3.98 eV\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "x=9*10**9; #assume x=1/(4*pi*epsilon0)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "alpha=1.748; #madelung constant\n", + "n=9; #repulsive exponent\n", + "r0=2.81*10**-10; #equilibrium distance(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "U=-x*alpha*e**2*(1-(1/n))/(e*r0); #lattice energy(eV) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"lattice energy is\",round(U/2,2),\"eV\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_rygIW1V.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_rygIW1V.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..283605cf --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_rygIW1V.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 15: Superconductivity" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 442" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "critical field at 3K is 0.006281 Tesla\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H0=0.0106; #critical field at 0K(Tesla)\n", + "T=3; #temperature(K)\n", + "Tc=4.7; #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); #critical field at 3K(Tesla)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"critical field at 3K is\",round(Hc,6),\"Tesla\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 442" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "temperature of superconductor is 1.701 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H0=5*10**5/(4*math.pi); #critical field at 0K(Tesla)\n", + "Tc=2.69; #temperature(K)\n", + "Hc=3*10**5/(4*math.pi); #critical field(Tesla)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "T=Tc*math.sqrt(1-(Hc/H0)); #temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"temperature of superconductor is\",round(T,3),\"K\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 443" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "critical field is 4.3365 *10**4 A/m\n", + "critical current of the wire is 408 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "H0=6.5*10**4; #critical field at 0K(Tesla)\n", + "Tc=7.28; #temperature(K)\n", + "T=4.2; #temperature(K)\n", + "r=1.5*10**-3; #radius(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2); #critical field(Tesla)\n", + "Ic=2*math.pi*r*Hc; #critical current of the wire(A)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"critical field is\",round(Hc/10**4,4),\"*10**4 A/m\"\n", + "print \"critical current of the wire is\",int(Ic),\"A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 443" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "critical temperature is 4.124 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "m1=199.5; #isotopic mass\n", + "m2=205.4; #change in mass \n", + "Tc1=4.185; #temperature of mercury(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Tc2=Tc1*math.sqrt(m1/m2); #critical temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"critical temperature is\",round(Tc2,3),\"K\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 444" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "superconducting transition temperature is 8.106 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "T1=3; #temperature(K)\n", + "T2=8; #temperature(K)\n", + "lamda1=39.6; #penetration depth(nm)\n", + "lamda2=173; #penetration depth(nm)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "x=(lamda1/lamda2)**2;\n", + "Tc4=(T2**4-(x*T1**4))/(1-x);\n", + "Tc=Tc4**(1/4); #superconducting transition temperature(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"superconducting transition temperature is\",round(Tc,3),\"K\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_tctko6B.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_tctko6B.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..72f70169 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_tctko6B.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,540 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 3: Inadequacy of Classical Physics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum energy of photoelectron is 3.038 *10**-19 J\n", + "maximum velocity of electron is 8.17 *10**5 ms-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "me=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=1700*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "lamda0=2300*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "KE=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda0)); #maximum energy of photoelectron(J)\n", + "vmax=math.sqrt(2*KE/me); #maximum velocity of electron(ms-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"maximum energy of photoelectron is\",round(KE*10**19,3),\"*10**-19 J\"\n", + "print \"maximum velocity of electron is\",round(vmax/10**5,2),\"*10**5 ms-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "threshold wavelength is 5380 angstrom\n", + "since wavelength of orange light is more, photoelectric effect doesn't take place\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "W=2.3*e; #work function(J)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=6850; #wavelength of orange light(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda0=h*c/W; #threshold wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"threshold wavelength is\",int(lamda0*10**10),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"since wavelength of orange light is more, photoelectric effect doesn't take place\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "retarding potential is 1.175 volts\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "W=1.3*e; #work function(J)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "new=6*10**14; #frequency(Hertz)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "V0=((h*new)-W)/e; #retarding potential(volts)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"retarding potential is\",V0,\"volts\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "work function is 1.28 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=3*10**-7; #wavelength(m)\n", + "me=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "v=1*10**6; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "W=(h*c/lamda)-(me*v**2/2); #work function(J)\n", + "W=W/e; #work function(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"work function is\",round(W,2),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 129" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "photoelectric current is 1.86 micro ampere\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda=4600*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "qe=0.5; #efficiency(%)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E=h*c/lamda; #energy(J)\n", + "n=10**-3/E; #number of photons/second\n", + "i=n*qe*e*10**6/100; #photoelectric current(micro ampere)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"photoelectric current is\",round(i,2),\"micro ampere\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "planck's constant is 6.61 *10**-34 joule second\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "T1=3*10**-19; #temperature(J)\n", + "T2=1*10**-19; #temperature(J)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity(m/sec)\n", + "lamda1=3350; #wavelength(m)\n", + "lamda2=5060; #wavelength(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "x=10**10*((1/lamda1)-(1/lamda2));\n", + "h=(T1-T2)/(c*x); #planck's constant(joule second)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"planck's constant is\",round(h*10**34,2),\"*10**-34 joule second\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 131" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 36, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of scattered radiation is 3.0121 angstrom\n", + "energy of recoil electron is 2.66 *10**-18 joule\n", + "answers given in the book are wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=60*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=3*10**-10; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "lamda_dash=3.058; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda_sr=h/(m0*c); \n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+(lamda_sr*(1-math.cos(theta))); #wavelength of scattered radiation(m) \n", + "lamda_dash=round(lamda_dash*10**10,4)*10**-10; #wavelength of scattered radiation(m)\n", + "E=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda_dash)); #energy of recoil electron(joule)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of scattered radiation is\",lamda_dash*10**10,\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"energy of recoil electron is\",round(E*10**18,2),\"*10**-18 joule\"\n", + "print \"answers given in the book are wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 132" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 42, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of scattered radiation is 2.003 angstrom\n", + "velocity of recoil electron is 0.0188 *10**8 ms-1\n", + "answer for velocity given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=30*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=2*10**-10; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda_sr=h/(m0*c); \n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+(lamda_sr*(1-math.cos(theta))); #wavelength of scattered radiation(m) \n", + "E=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda_dash)); #energy of recoil electron(joule)\n", + "x=1+(E/(m0*c**2));\n", + "v=c*math.sqrt(1-((1/x)**2)); #velocity of recoil electron(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of scattered radiation is\",round(lamda_dash*10**10,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"velocity of recoil electron is\",round(v/10**8,4),\"*10**8 ms-1\"\n", + "print \"answer for velocity given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 133" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 49, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of scattered photon is 3.024 angstrom\n", + "energy of recoil electron is 0.5 *10**-17 joules\n", + "direction of recoil electron is 44 degrees 46 minutes\n", + "answer for angle given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=90*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "lamda=3*10**-10; #wavelength(m) \n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+(h*(1-math.cos(theta))/(m0*c)); #wavelength of scattered photon(m) \n", + "E=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda_dash)); #energy of recoil electron(joule)\n", + "x=h/(lamda*m0*c);\n", + "tanphi=lamda*math.sin(theta)/(lamda_dash-(lamda*math.cos(theta)));\n", + "phi=math.atan(tanphi); #direction of recoil electron(radian)\n", + "phi=phi*180/math.pi; #direction of recoil electron(degrees)\n", + "phim=60*(phi-int(phi)); #angle(minutes)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of scattered photon is\",round(lamda_dash*10**10,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"energy of recoil electron is\",round(E*10**17,1),\"*10**-17 joules\"\n", + "print \"direction of recoil electron is\",int(phi),\"degrees\",int(phim),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"answer for angle given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 134" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 51, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of scattered photon is 0.226 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=180*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "E=1.96*10**6*e; #energy of scattered photon(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*c/E; #wavelength(m)\n", + "delta_lamda=2*h/(m0*c); \n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+delta_lamda; #wavelength of scattered photon(m) \n", + "Edash=h*c/(e*lamda_dash); #energy of scattered photon(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of scattered photon is\",round(Edash/10**6,3),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 135" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 65, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of scattered radiation is 4.9e-12 m\n", + "energy of recoil electron is 3.9592 *10**-14 Joules\n", + "direction of recoil electron is 27 degrees 47 minutes\n", + "answer for energy and direction of recoil electron and given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m0=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "h=6.6*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "theta=90*math.pi/180; #angle(radian)\n", + "E=500*10**3*e; #energy of scattered photon(J)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "lamda=h*c/E; #wavelength(m)\n", + "delta_lamda=h*(1-math.cos(theta))/(m0*c); \n", + "lamda_dash=lamda+delta_lamda; #wavelength of scattered radiation(m) \n", + "lamda_dash=round(lamda_dash*10**12,1)*10**-12; #wavelength of scattered radiation(m) \n", + "E=h*c*((1/lamda)-(1/lamda_dash)); #energy of recoil electron(J)\n", + "tanphi=lamda*math.sin(theta)/(lamda_dash-(lamda*math.cos(theta)));\n", + "phi=math.atan(tanphi); #direction of recoil electron(radian)\n", + "phi=phi*180/math.pi; #direction of recoil electron(degrees)\n", + "phim=60*(phi-int(phi)); #angle(minutes)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of scattered radiation is\",lamda_dash,\"m\"\n", + "print \"energy of recoil electron is\",round(E*10**14,4),\"*10**-14 Joules\"\n", + "print \"direction of recoil electron is\",int(round(phi)),\"degrees\",int(phim),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"answer for energy and direction of recoil electron and given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_upuNVE8.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_upuNVE8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f050408 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_upuNVE8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 10: Nuclear Detectors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 322" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "current produced is 1.829 *10**-13 amp\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "n=10; #number of particles\n", + "E=4*10**6; #energy of alpha particle(eV)\n", + "E1=35; #energy of 1 ion pair(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "N=E*n/E1; #number of ion pairs\n", + "q=N*e; #current produced(amp)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"current produced is\",round(q*10**13,3),\"*10**-13 amp\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 322" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of ion pairs required is 6.25 *10**5\n", + "energy of alpha-particles is 21.875 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "v=4; #voltage sensitivity(div/volt)\n", + "d=0.8; #number of divisions\n", + "C=0.5*10**-12; #capacitance(F)\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "E1=35; #energy of 1 ion pair(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "V=d/v; #voltage(V)\n", + "q=C*V; #current(C)\n", + "n=q/e; #number of ion pairs required\n", + "E=n*E1/10**6; #energy of alpha-particles(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"number of ion pairs required is\",n/10**5,\"*10**5\"\n", + "print \"energy of alpha-particles is\",E,\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 323" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "maximum radial field is 1.89 *10**6 volts/meter\n", + "counter will last for 3.7 years\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "V=1000; #voltage(V)\n", + "r=0.0001; #radius(m)\n", + "b=2*10**-2; #diameter(m)\n", + "a=10**-4;\n", + "n=10**9; #number of counts\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Emax=V/(r*math.log(b/a)); #maximum radial field(volts/meter)\n", + "N=n/(50*30*60*3000); #counter will last for(years)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"maximum radial field is\",round(Emax/10**6,2),\"*10**6 volts/meter\"\n", + "print \"counter will last for\",round(N,1),\"years\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 324" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of the particle is 1500 MeV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "r=2; #radius(m)\n", + "B=2.5; #flux density(Wb/m**2)\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "E=B*q*r*c*10**-6/q; #energy of the particle(MeV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of the particle is\",int(E),\"MeV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 325" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "average current in the circuit is 1.6e-11 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "cr=600; #counting rate(counts/minute)\n", + "e=10**7; #number of electrons per discharge\n", + "q=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "t=60; #number of seconds\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=cr*e; #number of electrons in 1 minute\n", + "q=n*q/t; #average current in the circuit(A)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"average current in the circuit is\",q,\"A\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_v6Hj2e3.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_v6Hj2e3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..55a10563 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_v6Hj2e3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,568 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 1: Atomic Spectra" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 55" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of emitted photon is 1.281 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n1=3;\n", + "n2=5; #states\n", + "RH=1.0977*10**7;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "newbar=RH*((1/n1**2)-(1/n2**2));\n", + "lamda=10**6/newbar; #wavelength of emitted photon(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of emitted photon is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ratio of principal quantum number of two orbits is 14 / 11\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "E1=1.21;\n", + "E2=1.96; #energy of two orbits(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "n1=math.sqrt(E2);\n", + "n2=math.sqrt(E1); #ratio of principal quantum number of two orbits\n", + "n1=n1*10;\n", + "n2=n2*10; #multiply and divide the ratio by 10\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"ratio of principal quantum number of two orbits is\",int(n1),\"/\",int(n2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetic moment of proton is 5.041 *10**-27 Am**2\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "mp=1.672*10**-27; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mewp=e*h/(4*math.pi*mp); #magnetic moment of proton(Am**2) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetic moment of proton is\",round(mewp*10**27,3),\"*10**-27 Am**2\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 56" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "specific charge of electron is 1.7604 *10**11 coulomb/kg\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mewB=9.274*10**-24; #bohr magneton(amp m**2)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "ebym=mewB*4*math.pi/h; #specific charge of electron(coulomb/kg) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"specific charge of electron is\",round(ebym/10**11,4),\"*10**11 coulomb/kg\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 57" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength separation is 0.3358 angstrom\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "B=1; #flux density(Wb/m**2)\n", + "lamda=6000*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "d_lamda=B*e*(lamda**2)/(4*math.pi*m*c); #wavelength separation(m)\n", + "d_lamda=2*d_lamda*10**10; #wavelength separation(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength separation is\",round(d_lamda,4),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 57" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "energy of electron in 1st and 2nd orbit is -13.6 eV and -3.4 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n1=1;\n", + "n2=2; #states\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "E1=-13.6/n1**2; #energy of electron in 1st orbit(eV)\n", + "E2=-13.6/n2**2; #energy of electron in 2nd orbit(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"energy of electron in 1st and 2nd orbit is\",E1,\"eV and\",E2,\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 8, Page number 58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "linear momentum is 2.107 *10**-24 kg ms-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "lamda=0.5*10**-10; #radius of 1st orbit(m)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "L=h/(2*math.pi*lamda); #linear momentum(kg ms-1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"linear momentum is\",round(L*10**24,3),\"*10**-24 kg ms-1\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 9, Page number 58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 26, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "state to which it is excited is 4\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "E1=-13.6; #energy of electron in 1st orbit(eV)\n", + "E2=-12.75; #energy of electron in 2nd orbit(eV)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "n=math.sqrt(-E1/(E2-E1)); #state to which it is excited\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"state to which it is excited is\",int(n)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 10, Page number 59" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "bohr magneton is 9.262 *10**-24 coulomb Js kg-1\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "h=6.62*10**-34; #planks constant(Js)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mewB=e*h/(4*math.pi*m); #bohr magneton(coulomb Js kg-1) \n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"bohr magneton is\",round(mewB*10**24,3),\"*10**-24 coulomb Js kg-1\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 11, Page number 59" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 30, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "component separation is 2.7983 *10**8 Hz\n", + "answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "B=0.02; #magnetic field(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "delta_new=e*B/(4*math.pi*m); #component separation(Hz)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"component separation is\",round(delta_new/10**8,4),\"*10**8 Hz\"\n", + "print \"answer in the book varies due to rounding off errors\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 14, Page number 61" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 33, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetic flux density is 2.14 Tesla\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "lamda=10000*10**-10; #wavelength(m)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "d_lamda=1*10**-10; #wavelength separation(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "B=d_lamda*4*math.pi*m*c/(e*lamda**2); #magnetic flux density(Tesla)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetic flux density is\",round(B,2),\"Tesla\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 19, Page number 66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 41, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "separation is 0.33 angstrom\n", + "wavelength of three components is 4226 angstrom 4226.33 angstrom 4226.666 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n", + "lamda=4226; #wavelength(angstrom)\n", + "c=3*10**8; #velocity of light(m/sec)\n", + "B=4; #magnetic field(Wb/m**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "dnew=B*e/(4*math.pi*m); \n", + "dlamda=lamda**2*dnew*10**-10/c; #separation(angstrom)\n", + "dlamda1=lamda+dlamda;\n", + "dlamda2=dlamda1+dlamda; #wavelength of three components(Hz)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"separation is\",round(dlamda,2),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"wavelength of three components is\",lamda,\"angstrom\",round(dlamda1,2),\"angstrom\",round(dlamda2,3),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 21, Page number 68" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 42, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "number of elements would be 110\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n1=1;\n", + "n2=2; \n", + "n3=3;\n", + "n4=4;\n", + "n5=5;\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "e1=2*n1**2; #maximum number of electrons in 1st orbit\n", + "e2=2*n2**2; #maximum number of electrons in 2nd orbit\n", + "e3=2*n3**2; #maximum number of electrons in 3rd orbit\n", + "e4=2*n4**2; #maximum number of electrons in 4th orbit\n", + "e5=2*n5**2; #maximum number of electrons in 5th orbit\n", + "e=e1+e2+e3+e4+e5; #number of elements\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"number of elements would be\",e" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_vWFTX5Y.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_vWFTX5Y.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9b7b5a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_vWFTX5Y.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 12: X-ray Diffraction" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 378" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of X-rays is 0.0842 nm\n", + "maximum order of diffraction is 6\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=0.282; #lattice spacing(nm)\n", + "theta=(8+(35/60))*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=2*d*math.sin(theta)/n1; #wavelength of X-rays(nm)\n", + "n=2*d/lamda; #maximum order of diffraction\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lamda,4),\"nm\"\n", + "print \"maximum order of diffraction is\",int(n)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 378" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "glancing angle for 1st order is 17 degrees 24 minutes\n", + "glancing angle for 2nd order is 36 degrees 44 minutes\n", + "answers given in the book are wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=3.209; #lattice spacing(angstrom)\n", + "lamda=1.92; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "n2=2; #order \n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "theta1=math.asin(n1*lamda/(2*d))*180/math.pi; #glancing angle for 1st order(degrees)\n", + "theta1d=int(theta1); #glancing angle for 1st order(degrees) \n", + "theta1m=(theta1-theta1d)*60; #glancing angle for 1st order(minutes)\n", + "theta2=math.asin(n2*lamda/(2*d))*180/math.pi; #glancing angle for 2nd order(degrees)\n", + "theta2d=int(theta2); #glancing angle for 2nd order(degrees)\n", + "theta2m=(theta2-theta2d)*60; #glancing angle for 2nd order(minutes)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"glancing angle for 1st order is\",theta1d,\"degrees\",int(theta1m),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"glancing angle for 2nd order is\",theta2d,\"degrees\",int(theta2m),\"minutes\"\n", + "print \"answers given in the book are wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 379" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of X-rays is 1.268 angstrom\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=3.05; #lattice spacing(angstrom)\n", + "theta=12*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "n=1; #order\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=2*d*math.sin(theta)/n1; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 380" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of line A is 1.268 angstrom\n", + "answer given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "thetaA=30*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "thetaB=60*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "n2=2; #order\n", + "lamdaB=0.9; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamdaA=2*lamdaB*math.sin(thetaA)/math.sin(thetaB); #wavelength of line A(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of line A is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 380" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of X-rays is 0.7853 angstrom\n", + "glancing angle for 2nd order is 18.2 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "d=2.51; #lattice spacing(angstrom)\n", + "theta=9*math.pi/180; #glancing angle(radian)\n", + "n1=1; #order\n", + "n2=2; #order\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "lamda=2*d*math.sin(theta)/n1; #wavelength of X-rays(angstrom)\n", + "theta=math.asin(n2*lamda/(2*d))*180/math.pi; #glancing angle for 2nd order(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"wavelength of X-rays is\",round(lamda,4),\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"glancing angle for 2nd order is\",round(theta,1),\"degrees\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_yOtRKvA.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_yOtRKvA.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..449a8ffa --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_yOtRKvA.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,320 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 14: Magnetism" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetisation is 20 *10**9 A/m\n", + "flux density is 1.2818 *10**6 T\n", + "answer for flux density given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7; #permeability of vacuum\n", + "H=10**12; #magnetic field intensity(A/m)\n", + "chi=20*10**-3; #susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "M=chi*H; #magnetisation(A/m)\n", + "B=mew0*(M+H); #flux density(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetisation is\",int(M/10**9),\"*10**9 A/m\"\n", + "print \"flux density is\",round(B/10**6,4),\"*10**6 T\"\n", + "print \"answer for flux density given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetisation is 17725 A/m\n", + "answer for magnetisation given in the book is wrong\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7; #permeability of vacuum\n", + "H=10**2; #magnetic field intensity(A/m)\n", + "B=0.0224; #flux density(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "M=(B/mew0)-H; #magnetisation(A/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetisation is\",int(M),\"A/m\"\n", + "print \"answer for magnetisation given in the book is wrong\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 421" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "change in magnetic moment is 5.27 *10**-29 Am**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "r=5*10**-11; #radius(m)\n", + "B=3; #flux density(T)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mew=B*e**2*r**2/(4*m); #change in magnetic moment(Am**2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"change in magnetic moment is\",round(mew*10**29,2),\"*10**-29 Am**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 421" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "susceptibility is 0.8 *10**-4\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "T1=200; #temperature(K)\n", + "T2=300; #temperature(K)\n", + "chi1=1.2*10**-4; #susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "chi2=T1*chi1/T2; #susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"susceptibility is\",chi2*10**4,\"*10**-4\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 422" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "paramagnetisation is 3.6 *10**2 A/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "H=10**5; #magnetic field intensity(A/m)\n", + "chi=3.6*10**-3; #susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "M=chi*H; #paramagnetisation(A/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"paramagnetisation is\",M/10**2,\"*10**2 A/m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 422" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "magnetic moment is 5.655 *10**-24 Am**2\n", + "saturation magnetic induction is 6.5 *10**-4 T\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7; #permeability of vacuum\n", + "mewB=9.27*10**-24; \n", + "rho=8906; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "N=6.023*10**23; #avagadro number\n", + "W=58.7; #atomic weight\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "mewM=0.61*mewB; #magnetic moment(Am**2)\n", + "B=rho*N*mew0*mewM/W; #saturation magnetic induction(T)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"magnetic moment is\",round(mewM*10**24,3),\"*10**-24 Am**2\"\n", + "print \"saturation magnetic induction is\",round(B*10**4,1),\"*10**-4 T\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 423" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "diamagnetic susceptibility is -8.249 *10**-8\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "mew0=4*math.pi*10**-7; #permeability of vacuum\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19; #charge(coulomb)\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n", + "R=0.5*10**-10; #radius(m)\n", + "N=28*10**26; #number of atoms\n", + "Z=2; #atomic number\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "chi_dia=-mew0*Z*e**2*N*R**2/(6*m); #diamagnetic susceptibility\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"diamagnetic susceptibility is\",round(chi_dia*10**8,3),\"*10**-8\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_zB4TZyd.ipynb b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_zB4TZyd.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1d50ed48 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_BSc(Paper_4)_by_Sanjeeva_Rao,_Bhikshmaiah,_Ramakrishna_Reddy,_Ananta_Ramaiah/C_zB4TZyd.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# 11: Crystal Structure" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 1, Page number 357" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "miller indices of plane are ( 6 4 3 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1/2;\n", + "b=1/3;\n", + "c=1/4; #intercepts along the three axes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "def lcm(x, y):\n", + " if x > y:\n", + " greater = x\n", + " else:\n", + " greater = y\n", + " while(True):\n", + " if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):\n", + " lcm = greater\n", + " break\n", + " greater += 1\n", + " \n", + " return lcm\n", + "\n", + "z=lcm(1/a,1/b);\n", + "lcm=lcm(z,1/c);\n", + "h=a*lcm;\n", + "k=b*lcm;\n", + "l=c*lcm; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"miller indices of plane are (\",int(h),int(k),int(l),\")\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 2, Page number 357" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "miller indices of plane are ( 3 2 0 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1/2;\n", + "b=1/3;\n", + "x=float(\"inf\");\n", + "c=1/x; #intercepts along the three axes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "def lcm(x, y):\n", + " if x > y:\n", + " greater = x\n", + " else:\n", + " greater = y\n", + " while(True):\n", + " if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):\n", + " lcm = greater\n", + " break\n", + " greater += 1\n", + " \n", + " return lcm\n", + "\n", + "lcm=lcm(1/a,1/b);\n", + "h=a*lcm;\n", + "k=b*lcm;\n", + "l=c*lcm; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"miller indices of plane are (\",int(h),int(k),int(l),\")\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 3, Page number 358" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "miller indices of plane are ( 6 3 2 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1/1;\n", + "b=1/2;\n", + "c=1/3; #intercepts along the three axes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "def lcm(x, y):\n", + " if x > y:\n", + " greater = x\n", + " else:\n", + " greater = y\n", + " while(True):\n", + " if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):\n", + " lcm = greater\n", + " break\n", + " greater += 1\n", + " \n", + " return lcm\n", + "\n", + "z=lcm(1/a,1/b);\n", + "lcm=lcm(z,1/c);\n", + "h=a*lcm;\n", + "k=b*lcm;\n", + "l=c*lcm; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"miller indices of plane are (\",int(h),int(k),int(l),\")\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 4, Page number 359" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "corresponding intercept on Y-axis and Z-axis are 0.8 angstrom and 0.65 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1.1;\n", + "b=1.2;\n", + "c=1.3; #intercepts along the three axes(angstrom)\n", + "h=2;\n", + "k=3;\n", + "l=4; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "l1=a*h/h;\n", + "l2=b*h/k; #corresponding intercept on Y-axis(angstrom)\n", + "l3=c*h/l; #corresponding intercept on Z-axis(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"corresponding intercept on Y-axis and Z-axis are\",l2,\"angstrom and\",l3,\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 5, Page number 360" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "miller indices of plane are ( 6 -2 3 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "a=1/1;\n", + "b=-1/3;\n", + "c=1/2; #intercepts along the three axes\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "def lcm(x, y):\n", + " if x > y:\n", + " greater = x\n", + " else:\n", + " greater = y\n", + " while(True):\n", + " if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):\n", + " lcm = greater\n", + " break\n", + " greater += 1\n", + " \n", + " return lcm\n", + "\n", + "z=lcm(1/a,1/b);\n", + "lcm=lcm(z,1/c);\n", + "h=a*lcm;\n", + "k=b*lcm;\n", + "l=c*lcm; #miller indices of plane\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"miller indices of plane are (\",int(h),int(k),int(l),\")\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 6, Page number 360" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "lattice constant is 3.61 angstrom\n", + "distance between two nearest copper atoms is 2.55 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n=4; #number of molecules per unit cell\n", + "M=63.5; #molecular weight\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #avagadro number(kg mol-1)\n", + "rho=8.96*10**3; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3); #lattice constant(m)\n", + "a=round(a*10**10,2); #lattice constant(angstrom) \n", + "d=a/math.sqrt(2); #distance between two nearest copper atoms(angstrom)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"lattice constant is\",a,\"angstrom\"\n", + "print \"distance between two nearest copper atoms is\",round(d,2),\"angstrom\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Example number 7, Page number 361" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "lattice constant is 2.8687 angstrom\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#importing modules\n", + "import math\n", + "from __future__ import division\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration \n", + "n=2; #number of molecules per unit cell\n", + "M=55.85; #molecular weight\n", + "N=6.02*10**26; #avagadro number(kg mol-1)\n", + "rho=7860; #density(kg/m**3)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "a=(n*M/(rho*N))**(1/3); #lattice constant(m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"lattice constant is\",round(a*10**10,4),\"angstrom\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/sample_notebooks/Hrituraj/ch-4.ipynb b/sample_notebooks/Hrituraj/ch-4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6c72cdf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sample_notebooks/Hrituraj/ch-4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,596 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4 - Design Against Fluctuating Load" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.1 Pg 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + " for stepped plate under tension, Kt=1.75 for r/d = 0.000 & D/d = 1.00 \n", + "\n", + " for finite width plate under tension with a hole, Kt=2.42 for d0/w = 0.00\n", + "\n", + " Thickness of plate = 6.05 mm or 6 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "## Given data\n", + "P=6## kN\n", + "#dimensions of plate\n", + "r=5##mm\n", + "d=40##mm\n", + "D=50##mm\n", + "d0=10##mm\n", + "w=40##mm\n", + "Sut=200##MPa\n", + "n=2.5## factor of safety\n", + "\n", + "#Fillet - \n", + "rBYd=r/d#\n", + "DBYd=D/d#\n", + "Kt=1.75## factor\n", + "print ' for stepped plate under tension, Kt=%.2f for r/d = %.3f & D/d = %.2f '%(Kt,rBYd,DBYd)\n", + "\n", + "# Hole -\n", + "d0BYw=d0/w#\n", + "Kt=2.42## factor \n", + "print '\\n for finite width plate under tension with a hole, Kt=%.2f for d0/w = %.2f'%(Kt,d0BYw)\n", + "sigma_max_into_t = Kt*P/(w-d0)##N/mm sq.\n", + "\n", + "#Design stress\n", + "sigma_d = Sut/n## MPa\n", + "#putting sigma_max=sigma_d\n", + "t=sigma_max_into_t/sigma_d*1000## mm\n", + "print '\\n Thickness of plate = %.2f mm or %.f mm'%(t,t)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.2 Pg 104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " Diameter of axle = 1.0 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi\n", + "# Given Data\n", + "rBYd=0.1#\n", + "DBYd=1.2#\n", + "P=3## kN\n", + "Syt=300##MPa\n", + "n=3## factor of safety\n", + "#dimensions of plate\n", + "l1=400##mm\n", + "l2=300##mm\n", + "l3=400##mm\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "sigma_d=Syt/n## MPa\n", + "Kt=1.65## factor for circular fillet radius member\n", + "Rp=P/2##kN (bearing reaction due to symmetry)\n", + "Mf=Rp*l1## kN.mm (bending moment at fillet)\n", + "Mc=P*(l1+l2+l3)/4## kN.mm (bending moment at centre)\n", + "\n", + "#Fillet\n", + "#sigma_max=Kt*32*Mf/(pi*d**3)\n", + "sigma_max_into_d_cube_1 = Kt*32*Mf*1000/pi\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Centre\n", + "#sigma_max=32*Mc/(pi*d**3)\n", + "sigma_max_into_d_cube_2 = Kt*32*Mf*1000/pi\n", + "sigma_max_into_d_cube=max(sigma_max_into_d_cube_1,sigma_max_into_d_cube_2)## (getting max)\n", + "\n", + "#putting sigma_max=sigma_d\n", + "t=(sigma_max_into_d_cube/sigma_d)**(1/3)## mm\n", + "print '\\n Diameter of axle = %.1f mm'%t" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.3 Pg 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " Endurance limit = 45.50 MPa\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Given Data\n", + "Sut=440##MPa\n", + "d=25##mm\n", + "R=95/100## reliability\n", + "Kt=1.8## stress concentration factor\n", + "q=0.86## sensitivity factor\n", + "\n", + "Se_dash = 0.5*Sut## MPa\n", + "\n", + "# for machined surface\n", + "ka=0.82## surface finish factor\n", + "kb=0.85## size factor\n", + "kc=0.868## reliability factor\n", + "kd=1## temperature factor\n", + "ke=0.577## load factor\n", + "\n", + "Kf=1+q*(Kt-1)## fatigue strength factor\n", + "kf=1/Kf ## fatigue strength reduction factor\n", + "Se=ka*kb*kc*kd*ke*kf*Se_dash## (MPa) Endurance limit\n", + "print '\\n Endurance limit = %.2f MPa'%Se" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.4 Pg 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " Thickness of plate = 18.23 mm or 20 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Given Data\n", + "Sut=440##MPa\n", + "w=60##mm\n", + "d=12## mm\n", + "P=20## kN\n", + "q=0.8## sensitivity factor\n", + "R=90/100## reliability\n", + "n=2## factor of safety\n", + "\n", + "Kt=2.52## stress concentration factor\n", + "Se_dash = 0.5*Sut## MPa\n", + "# for hot rollednormalized condition\n", + "ka=0.67## surface finish factor\n", + "kb=0.85## size factor (assuming t<50 mm)\n", + "kc=0.897## reliability factor\n", + "kd=1## temperature factor\n", + "ke=0.9## load factor\n", + "dBYw=d/w# #(for circular hole)\n", + "\n", + "Kf=1+q*(Kt-1)## fatigue strength factor\n", + "kf=1/Kf ## fatigue strength reduction factor\n", + "Se=ka*kb*kc*kd*ke*kf*Se_dash## (MPa) Endurance limit\n", + "sigma_d=Se/n## MPa (design stress)\n", + "# sigma_max=P/(w-d)/t\n", + "sigma_max_into_t = P*1000/(w-d)#\n", + "# putting sigma_max=sigma_d\n", + "t=sigma_max_into_t/sigma_d## mm\n", + "print '\\n Thickness of plate = %.2f mm or 20 mm'%t" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.5 Pg 107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " Endurance of specimen = 325.00 MPa\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from math import pi, log10\n", + "# Given Data\n", + "Sut=650##MPa\n", + "N=10**5## cycles\n", + "Se_dash = 0.5*Sut## MPa\n", + "of=5## unit\n", + "ob=6##unit\n", + "bf=ob-of## unit\n", + "be=3##unit\n", + "\n", + "# calculating endurance section wise\n", + "OE=log10(Se_dash)#\n", + "OA=log10(0.9*Sut)#\n", + "AE=OA-OE#\n", + "#log10_Sf=OD=OE+ED=OE+FC\n", + "log10_Sf=OE+(bf/be)*AE#\n", + "Sf=10**log10_Sf# # (MPa) Endurance\n", + "print '\\n Endurance of specimen = %.2f MPa'%Sf" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.6 Pg 108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " diameter of beam 20 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi, log10\n", + "# Given Data\n", + "Sut=540##MPa\n", + "N=10**4## cycles\n", + "q=0.85## sensitivity factor\n", + "R=90/100## reliability\n", + "P=1500## N\n", + "l=160## mm\n", + "\n", + "Se_dash = 0.5*Sut## MPa\n", + "# for cold drawn steel\n", + "ka=0.79## surface finish factor\n", + "kb=0.85## size factor (assuming t<50 mm)\n", + "kc=0.897## reliability factor\n", + "kd=1## temperature factor\n", + "ke=1## load factor\n", + "\n", + "Kt=1.33## under bending\n", + "\n", + "Kf=1+q*(Kt-1)## fatigue strength factor\n", + "kf=1/Kf ## fatigue strength reduction factor\n", + "Se=ka*kb*kc*kd*ke*kf*Se_dash## MPa( Endurance limit)\n", + "\n", + "of=4## unit\n", + "ob=6##unit\n", + "bf=ob-of## unit\n", + "be=3##unit\n", + "\n", + "# calculating endurance section wise\n", + "OE=log10(Se)#\n", + "OA=log10(0.9*Sut)#\n", + "AE=OA-OE#\n", + "#log10_Sf=OD=OE+ED=OE+FC\n", + "log10_Sf=OE+(bf/be)*AE#\n", + "Sf=10**log10_Sf# # (MPa) Endurance\n", + "\n", + "MB=P*l## N.mm\n", + "# 32*MB/pi/d**3 = Sf\n", + "d=(32*MB/pi/Sf)**(1/3)\n", + "print '\\n diameter of beam %.f mm'%d" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.7 Pg 110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " diameter d at fillet cross section = 16 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi, log10, atan\n", + "# Given Data\n", + "Sut=600##MPa\n", + "Syt=380##MPa\n", + "q=0.9## sensitivity factor\n", + "R=90/100## reliability\n", + "n=2## factor of safety\n", + "Pmin=-100## N\n", + "Pmax=200## N\n", + "l=150## mm\n", + "\n", + "Se_dash = 0.5*Sut## MPa\n", + "# for cold drawn steel\n", + "ka=0.76## surface finish factor\n", + "kb=0.85## size factor (assuming t<50 mm)\n", + "kc=0.897## reliability factor\n", + "kd=1## temperature factor\n", + "ke=1## load factor\n", + "\n", + "Kt=1.4## under bending\n", + "\n", + "Kf=1+q*(Kt-1)## fatigue strength factor\n", + "kf=1/Kf ## fatigue strength reduction factor\n", + "Se=ka*kb*kc*kd*ke*kf*Se_dash## MPa( Endurance limit)\n", + "Mmax=Pmax*l## N.mm\n", + "Mmin=Pmin*l## N.mm\n", + "Mm=(Mmax+Mmin)/2## N.mm\n", + "Ma=(Mmax-Mmin)/2## N.mm\n", + "theta=atan(Ma/Mm)*pi/180## degree\n", + "\n", + "#equation of Goodman - sigma_m/Sut+sigma_a/Se=1\n", + "#here sigma_a/sigma_m=3\n", + "sigma_m=1/(1/Sut+3/Se)##MPa\n", + "sigma_a=3*sigma_m## MPa\n", + "\n", + "sigma_da=sigma_a/n## MPa\n", + "#sigma_da=32*Ma/pi/d**3\n", + "d=(32*Ma/pi/sigma_da)**(1/3)## mm \n", + "print '\\n diameter d at fillet cross section = %.f mm'%d" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.8 Pg 112" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " diameter of shaft = 34 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi, log10, atan,tan\n", + "# Given Data\n", + "Sut=500##MPa\n", + "Syt=300##MPa\n", + "R=90/100## reliability\n", + "n=2## factor of safety\n", + "Tmin=-200## N.m\n", + "Tmax=500## N.m\n", + "\n", + "Se_dash = 0.5*Sut## MPa\n", + "# for cold drawn steel\n", + "ka=0.80## surface finish factor\n", + "kb=0.85## size factor (assuming t<50 mm)\n", + "kc=0.897## reliability factor\n", + "kd=1## temperature factor\n", + "ke=0.577## load factor\n", + "\n", + "Ses=ka*kb*kc*kd*ke*Se_dash## MPa( Endurance limit)\n", + "Sys=ke*Syt## MPa\n", + "Tm=(Tmax+Tmin)/2## N.m\n", + "Ta=(Tmax-Tmin)/2## N.m\n", + "theta=atan(Ta/Tm)*pi/180## degree\n", + "Sms=Ses/tan(theta*180/pi)##MPa\n", + "Sas=Ses##MPa\n", + "tau_da=Sas/n##MPa\n", + "#tua_da=16*Ta/pi/d**3\n", + "d=(16*Ta*1000/pi/tau_da)**(1/3)##mm\n", + "print '\\n diameter of shaft = %.f mm'%d" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.9 Pg 113" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " life of the spring, N = 215630 cycles\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi,log10\n", + "# Given Data\n", + "Sut=860##MPa\n", + "Syt=690##MPa\n", + "Pmin=60## N\n", + "Pmax=120## N\n", + "R=50/100## reliability\n", + "l=500##mm\n", + "d=10##mm\n", + "Se_dash = 0.5*Sut## MPa\n", + "# for machines surface\n", + "ka=0.70## surface finish factor\n", + "kb=0.85## size factor (assuming t<50 mm)\n", + "kc=1## reliability factor\n", + "kd=1## temperature factor\n", + "ke=1## load factor\n", + "\n", + "Se=ka*kb*kc*kd*ke*Se_dash## MPa( Endurance limit)\n", + "Mmax=Pmax*l## N.mm\n", + "Mmin=Pmin*l## N.mm\n", + "Mm=(Mmax+Mmin)/2## N.mm\n", + "Ma=(Mmax-Mmin)/2## N.mm\n", + "Sm=32*Mm/pi/d**3##MPa\n", + "sigma_m=Sm##MPa\n", + "Sa=32*Ma/pi/d**3##MPa\n", + "sigma_a=Sa##MPa\n", + "Sf=Sa*Sut/(Sut-Sm)##MPa\n", + "\n", + "#calculating section\n", + "OB=6##unit ref. o at 3\n", + "BE=OB-3##unit\n", + "OC=Sf## MPa\n", + "AE=log10(0.9*Sut)-log10(Se)##MPa\n", + "AC=log10(0.9*Sut)-log10(Sf)##MPa\n", + "CD=BE*AC/AE##\n", + "#log10(N)=3+CD\n", + "N=10**(3+CD)## cycle\n", + "print '\\n life of the spring, N = %.f cycles'%N\n", + "#Note : answer in the textbook is wrong." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## exa 4.10 Pg 116" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + " factor of safety, n = 5.04\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from __future__ import division\n", + "from math import pi, log10, sqrt,atan,tan\n", + "# Given Data\n", + "Sut=600##MPa\n", + "Se=280##MPa\n", + "sigma_x_min=50## MPa\n", + "sigma_x_max=100## MPa\n", + "sigma_y_min=20## MPa\n", + "sigma_y_max=70## MPa\n", + "\n", + "sigma_xm=(sigma_x_max+sigma_x_min)/2## MPa\n", + "sigma_xa=(sigma_x_max-sigma_x_min)/2## MPa\n", + "sigma_ym=(sigma_y_max+sigma_y_min)/2## MPa\n", + "sigma_ya=(sigma_y_max-sigma_y_min)/2## MPa\n", + "\n", + "# distortion energy theory - \n", + "sigma_m=sqrt(sigma_xm**2+sigma_ym**2-sigma_xm*sigma_ym)## MPa\n", + "sigma_a=sqrt(sigma_xa**2+sigma_ya**2-sigma_xa*sigma_ya)## MPa\n", + "theta=atan(sigma_a/sigma_m)## radian\n", + "# Sm/Sut+Sa/Se=1 where Sa=Sm*tan(theta)\n", + "Sm=1/(1/Sut+tan(theta)/Se)## MPa\n", + "Sa=tan(theta)*Sm## MPa\n", + "n=Sa/sigma_a## factor of safety\n", + "\n", + "print '\\n factor of safety, n = %.2f'%n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.9" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} |