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+{

+ "metadata": {

+  "name": ""

+ },

+ "nbformat": 3,

+ "nbformat_minor": 0,

+ "worksheets": [

+  {

+   "cells": [

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 1,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Chapter 7 : Feedback Amplifiers"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.1 page no-402"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "# determination of various parameters of feedback amplifiers\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Av=-100\n",

+      "B=0.01\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "Avd=Av/(1-B*Av)\n",

+      "v1d=10**-3 \n",

+      "V0=Avd*v1d*1000\n",

+      "Vx=B*V0\n",

+      "V1=v1d+Vx\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"V1=%.3f\\nV1d=%.3f\\nThis is negative feedback because, v1<v1_dash\\n\"%( V1,v1d))"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "V1=-0.499\n",

+        "V1d=0.001\n",

+        "This is negative feedback because, v1<v1_dash\n",

+        "\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 27

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.2 page no-403"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#percentage variation in Avdash\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Av=-100\n",

+      "Avd=-50\n",

+      "Avnew=-200\n",

+      "B=0.01\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Calculations\n",

+      "Avdnew=Avnew/(1-B*Avnew)\n",

+      "avchange=(-Avdnew)-(-Avd)\n",

+      "var=avchange*100/(-Avd)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"Variation = %.1f%%\"%var)"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Variation = 33.3%\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 12

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.3 page no-403"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "# reverse transmission factor and gain with feedback\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "dA=100.0\n",

+      "A=1000.0\n",

+      "dAf=0.1\n",

+      "Af=100.0\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "#(a)\n",

+      "B=(((dA/A)*(Af/dAf))-1)/A\n",

+      "#(b)\n",

+      "Aff=A/(1+B*A)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"(a)\\nBeta=%.3f\"%B)\n",

+      "print(\"\\n(b)\\nAf=%d\"%Aff)"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "(a)\n",

+        "Beta=0.099\n",

+        "\n",

+        "(b)\n",

+        "Af=10\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 21

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.4 page no-404"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "# Improvement in stability\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "S=0.1\n",

+      "Sdash=0.01\n",

+      "Avdash=100.0\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "k=S/Sdash      # k=1+BAv\n",

+      "Av=Avdash*k\n",

+      "B=(k-1)/Av\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"By providing negative feedback,with\\nBeta = %.3f\\nwe can improve the stability to 1%%.\"%B)"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "By providing negative feedback,with\n",

+        "Beta = 0.009\n",

+        "we can improve the stability to 1%.\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 14

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.5 page no-404"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "# Overall gain and reverse transmission factor\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Av=500.0\n",

+      "D=5.0\n",

+      "\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "Ddash=0.1\n",

+      "B=((D/Ddash)-1)/(Av)\n",

+      "Avdash=-Av/(1+B*Av)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"Av_dash = %.0f\"%Avdash)"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Av_dash = -10\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 15

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.6 page no-405"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "# different parameters with and without negative feedback\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Vs=150.0\n",

+      "A=10000.0\n",

+      "Vs2=130.0\n",

+      "A2=8000.0\n",

+      "\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calcualtions\n",

+      "V0=A*Vs\n",

+      "Afb=10000.0/80.0\n",

+      "B=((A/Afb)-1)/A\n",

+      "V02=A2*Vs\n",

+      "Afb2=A2/(1+(B*A2))\n",

+      "sg=(A-A2)*100/A\n",

+      "sgf=(Afb-Afb2)*100/Afb\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"Beta =%.4f\"%B)\n",

+      "print(\"%% stability of gain without feedback=%.0f%%\\n%% stability of gain with feedback=%.4f%%\"%(sg,sgf))\n",

+      "print(\"Therefore, with neative feedbaclk stability is improved.\")"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Beta =0.0079\n",

+        "% stability of gain without feedback=20%\n",

+        "% stability of gain with feedback=0.3115%\n",

+        "Therefore, with neative feedbaclk stability is improved.\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 28

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.7 page no-409"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "# Avf, Rof and Rif for the voltage series feedback\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Rs=0\n",

+      "hfe=50.0\n",

+      "hie =1.100\n",

+      "hre=0\n",

+      "hoe=0\n",

+      "r5=2.2000\n",

+      "r7=3.3000\n",

+      "r3=33.0\n",

+      "r1=0.1\n",

+      "r2=10.0\n",

+      "r9=2.2\n",

+      "R1=0.98\n",

+      "r6=2.2\n",

+      "R0=2.0\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "#Rl =R5 is in parallel with R7,R8 and h1e2\n",

+      "Rl1=(r5*r3*r7*hie)/((r5*r3*r7)+(hie*r3*r7)+(r5*hie*r7)+(r5*r3*hie))\n",

+      "Rl2=(r9*(r1+r2))/(r9+(r1+r2))\n",

+      "Re=(r1*r6)/(r1+r6)\n",

+      "Av1=-(hfe*Rl1)/(hie+(1+hfe)*0.098)       # The voltage gain AV1 of Q\n",

+      "Av2=(-hfe*Rl2)/hie                       # Voltage gain AY2 of transistor Q2\n",

+      "Av=Av1*Av2                               # Voltage gain Ay of the two stages is cascade without feedback\n",

+      "B=r1/(r1+r2)\n",

+      "K=Av*B\n",

+      "D=1+K\n",

+      "Avf=Av/D\n",

+      "Ri=hie+(1+hfe)*Re                        # Input resistance without external feedback\n",

+      "Ridash=Ri*D\n",

+      "Rof=R0/D                                 # Output resistance without feedback\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"Rl1_dash=%f\"%Rl1)\n",

+      "print(\"Rl2=%f = 2 KOhm(approx)\"%Rl2)\n",

+      "print(\"Re=%f kohm = %.0f ohm\"%(Re,math.ceil(Re*1000)))\n",

+      "print(\"Av1 = %.2f\\nAv2 = %.2f\"%(Av1,Av2))\n",

+      "print(\"Avf = %d\"%Avf)\n",

+      "print(\"Ri_dash = %f K Ohm\"%Ridash)\n",

+      "print(\"Rof_dash=%f K Ohm\"%Rof)\n",

+      "#Though the calculations are same as given in book answers \n",

+      "#do not match with the answers given in the Book."

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Rl1_dash=0.589286\n",

+        "Rl2=1.806504 = 2 KOhm(approx)\n",

+        "Re=0.095652 kohm = 96 ohm\n",

+        "Av1 = -4.83\n",

+        "Av2 = -82.11\n",

+        "Avf = 80\n",

+        "Ri_dash = 29.462595 K Ohm\n",

+        "Rof_dash=0.405820 K Ohm\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 31

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.8 page no-414"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "# current series feedack\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Rc1 =3.0\n",

+      "Rc2 =0.500\n",

+      "Re2 = 0.05\n",

+      "Rdash=1.2\n",

+      "Rs = 1.2\n",

+      "hfe = 50.0\n",

+      "hie = 1.1 \n",

+      "hre=0\n",

+      "hre =0\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "Ai=-hfe                         # EmItter follower\n",

+      "Ri2=hie+(1+hfe)*(Re2*Rdash/(Re2+Rdash))\n",

+      "k1=-Rc1/(Rc1+Ri2)\n",

+      "k1=math.ceil(k1*1000)\n",

+      "k1=k1/1000\n",

+      "R=Rs*(Rdash+Re2)/(Rs+(Rdash+Re2))\n",

+      "k2=R/(R+hie)\n",

+      "k2=math.floor(k2*1000)\n",

+      "k2=k2/1000\n",

+      "AI=Ai*k1*k2*hfe\n",

+      "B=Re2/(Re2+Rdash)\n",

+      "D=(1+B*AI)\n",

+      "Adash=AI/(1+B*AI)\n",

+      "Avdash=Adash*Rc2/Rs\n",

+      "Ri=R*hie/(R+hie)              # Ri = Input resistance without feedback\n",

+      "Ridash=Ri/D\n",

+      "Rol=Rc2                       # RoL =Ro in parallel with RC2 = RC2 and Ro is large\n",

+      "Rldash= Rol*D/D               # with feedback considering RL\n",

+      "\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"AI=%d\\nBeta=%.2f\\nAi_dash=%.1f\\nAv_dash=%.2f\"%(AI,B,Adash,Avdash))\n",

+      "print(\"Ri=%f K Ohm\\nRl_dash=%.2f K Ohm\"%(Ri,Rldash))"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "AI=408\n",

+        "Beta=0.04\n",

+        "Ai_dash=23.6\n",

+        "Av_dash=9.82\n",

+        "Ri=0.393325 K Ohm\n",

+        "Rl_dash=0.50 K Ohm\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 32

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 7.9 page no-423"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "# calculation of Avf and Rif for given circuit\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Rc=4.0\n",

+      "Rb=40.0\n",

+      "Rs=10.0\n",

+      "hie=1.1\n",

+      "hfe=50.0\n",

+      "hre=0\n",

+      "hoe=0\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "Rcdash=Rc*Rb/(Rc+Rb)\n",

+      "R=Rs*Rb/(Rs+Rb)\n",

+      "Rm=-hfe*Rcdash*R/(R+hie)\n",

+      "Rm=math.floor(Rm)\n",

+      "B=-1/(Rb)\n",

+      "D=1+B*Rm\n",

+      "Rmdash=Rm/D\n",

+      "Avdash=Rmdash/Rs\n",

+      "Ri=R*hie/(R+hie)\n",

+      "Ridash=Ri/D\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print(\"Transresistance Rm=%d k\"%Rm)\n",

+      "print(\"Beta=%.3f mA/V\\nRm_dash=%dk Ohm\\nAv_dash=%f\\nRi=%f k Ohm\"%(B,Rmdash,Avdash,Ri))\n",

+      "print(\"Ri_dash=%f kOhm\"%Ridash)"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Transresistance Rm=-160 k\n",

+        "Beta=-0.025 mA/V\n",

+        "Rm_dash=-32k Ohm\n",

+        "Av_dash=-3.200000\n",

+        "Ri=0.967033 k Ohm\n",

+        "Ri_dash=0.193407 kOhm\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 34

+    }

+   ],

+   "metadata": {}

+  }

+ ]

+}
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