Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books

 R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter11.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter11.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter11_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter11_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter12.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter12.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter12_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter12_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter13.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter13.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter13_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter13_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter14.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter14.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter14_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter14_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter15.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter15.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter15_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter15_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter16.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter16.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter16_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter16_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter17.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter17.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter17_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter17_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter18.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter18.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter18_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter18_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter19.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter19.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter19_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter19_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter21.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter21.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter21_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter21_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter22.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter22.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter22_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter22_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter23.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter23.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter23_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter23_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter24.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter24.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter24_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter24_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter4.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter4.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter4_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter4_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter5.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter5.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter5_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter5_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter6.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter6.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter6_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter6_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter7.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter7.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter7_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter8.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter8.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter8_1.ipynb -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/Chapter8_1.ipynb
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/README.txt -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/README.txt
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter11.png -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter11.png
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter11_1.png -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter11_1.png
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter12.png -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter12.png
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter12_1.png -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter12_1.png
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter13.png -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter13.png
R  _A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter13_1.png -> A_Textbook_Of_Engineering_Physics/screenshots/Chapter13_1.png
D  About_Mumbai_by_sd/hemla.ipynb
D  About_Mumbai_by_sd/screenshots/warning.png
D  About_Mumbai_by_sd/screenshots/warning_1.png
D  About_Mumbai_by_sd/screenshots/warning_2.png
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/CHapter_17_Homogeneous_Chemical_Reactions.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/CHapter_17_Homogeneous_Chemical_Reactions.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/CHapter_17_Homogeneous_Chemical_Reactions_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/CHapter_17_Homogeneous_Chemical_Reactions_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_10_Absorbption.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_10_Absorbption.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_10_Absorption.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_10_Absorption.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_11_Mass_Transfer_in_Biology_and_Medicine.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_11_Mass_Transfer_in_Biology_and_Medicine.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_11_Mass_Transfer_in_Biology_and_Medicine_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_11_Mass_Transfer_in_Biology_and_Medicine_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_12_Diffrential_Distillation.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_12_Diffrential_Distillation.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_12_Diffrential_Distillation_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_12_Diffrential_Distillation_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_13_Staged_Distillation.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_13_Staged_Distillation.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_13_Staged_Distillation_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_13_Staged_Distillation_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_14_Extraction.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_14_Extraction.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_14_Extraction_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_14_Extraction_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_15_Adsorption.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_15_Adsorption.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_15_Adsorption_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_15_Adsorption_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_16_General_Questions_and_Heterogeneous_Chemical_Reactions.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_16_General_Questions_and_Heterogeneous_Chemical_Reactions.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_16_General_Questions_and_Heterogeneous_Chemical_Reactions_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_16_General_Questions_and_Heterogeneous_Chemical_Reactions_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_18_Membranes.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_18_Membranes.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_18_Membranes_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_18_Membranes_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_19_Controlled_Release_and_Related_Phenomena.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_19_Controlled_Release_and_Related_Phenomena.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_19_Controlled_Release_and_Related_Phenomena_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_19_Controlled_Release_and_Related_Phenomena_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_20_Heat_Transfer.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_20_Heat_Transfer.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_20_Heat_Transfer_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_20_Heat_Transfer_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_21_Simultaneous_Heat_and_Mass_Transfer.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_21_Simultaneous_Heat_and_Mass_Transfer.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_21_Simultaneous_Heat_and_Mass_Transfer_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_21_Simultaneous_Heat_and_Mass_Transfer_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_3_Diffusion_in_Concentrated_Solution.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_3_Diffusion_in_Concentrated_Solution.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_3_Diffusion_in_Concentrated_Solution_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_3_Diffusion_in_Concentrated_Solution_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_4_Dispersion.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_4_Dispersion.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_4_Dispersion_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_4_Dispersion_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_5_Values_of_Diffusion_Coefficient.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_5_Values_of_Diffusion_Coefficient.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_5_Values_of_Diffusion_Coefficient_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_5_Values_of_Diffusion_Coefficient_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_6_Diffusion_of_Interacting_Species.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_6_Diffusion_of_Interacting_Species.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_6_Diffusion_of_Interacting_Species_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_6_Diffusion_of_Interacting_Species_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_8_Fundamentals_of_Mass_Transfer_.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_8_Fundamentals_of_Mass_Transfer_.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_8_Fundamentals_of_Mass_Transfer__1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_8_Fundamentals_of_Mass_Transfer__1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_9__Theories_of_Mass_Transfer.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_9__Theories_of_Mass_Transfer.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_9__Theories_of_Mass_Transfer_1.ipynb -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/Chapter_9__Theories_of_Mass_Transfer_1.ipynb
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/README.txt -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/README.txt
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems/screenshots/CH19.png -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/screenshots/CH19.png
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems/screenshots/CH3.png -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/screenshots/CH3.png
R  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems/screenshots/CH5.png -> Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/screenshots/CH5.png
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/README.txt -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/README.txt
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch10.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch10.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch10_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch10_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch11.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch11.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch11_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch11_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch12.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch12.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch12_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch12_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch1_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch1_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch2.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch2.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch2_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch2_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch3.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch3.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch3_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch3_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch4.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch4.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch4_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch4_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch5.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch5.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch5_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch5_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch6.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch6.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch6_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch6_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch7.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch7.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch7_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch7_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch8.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch8.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch8_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch8_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch9.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch9.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch9_1.ipynb -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch9_1.ipynb
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/energy_stored3.png -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/energy_stored3.png
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/energy_stored3_1.png -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/energy_stored3_1.png
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/magnetic_flux12.png -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/magnetic_flux12.png
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/magnetic_flux12_1.png -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/magnetic_flux12_1.png
R  _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/pitch_factor7.png -> Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/pitch_factor7.png
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A  Electrical_And_Electronics_Engineering_Materials_by_J._B._Gupta/chap1.ipynb
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A  Electrical_And_Electronics_Engineering_Materials_by_J._B._Gupta/chap4.ipynb
A  Electrical_And_Electronics_Engineering_Materials_by_J._B._Gupta/chap5.ipynb
A  Electrical_And_Electronics_Engineering_Materials_by_J._B._Gupta/chap6.ipynb
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R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/README.txt -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/README.txt
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R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter11.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter11.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter11_1.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter11_1.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter11_2.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter11_2.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter11_3.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter11_3.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter12.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter12.ipynb
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R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter13.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter13.ipynb
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R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter3.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter3.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter3_1.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter3_1.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter3_2.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter3_2.ipynb
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R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter4.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter4.ipynb
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R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter4_2.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter4_2.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter4_3.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter4_3.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter5.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter5.ipynb
R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter5_1.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter5_1.ipynb
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R  _Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter9.ipynb -> Engineering_Thermodynamics_by__O._Singh/chapter9.ipynb
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R  _Mastering_C++/screenshots/IMG-20150619-WA0002.png -> Mastering_C++_by_K_R_Venugopal_and_Rajkumar_Buyya/screenshots/IMG-20150619-WA0002.png
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter01-Fiber_Optics_Communications_System.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter01-Fiber_Optics_Communications_System.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter02-Optical_Fiber_for_Telecommunication.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter02-Optical_Fiber_for_Telecommunication.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter03-Optical_Sources_and_Transmitters.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter03-Optical_Sources_and_Transmitters.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter04-Optical_Detectors_and_Receivers.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter04-Optical_Detectors_and_Receivers.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter05-Design_Considerations_in_Optical_Links.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter05-Design_Considerations_in_Optical_Links.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter1.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter1.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter2.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter2.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter3.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter3.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter4.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter4.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter5.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter5.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6-Advanced_Optical_Systems.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6-Advanced_Optical_Systems.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6.ipynb -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6.ipynb
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/README.txt -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/README.txt
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication/screenshots/Chapter01-Ex1.7.1.png -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/screenshots/Chapter01-Ex1.7.1.png
R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication/screenshots/Chapter02-Ex2.2.1.png -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/screenshots/Chapter02-Ex2.2.1.png
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A  Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/screenshots/ch3.png
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R  _Optical_Fiber_Communication/screenshots/chapter5.png -> Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/screenshots/chapter5.png
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D  Short_Course_by_e/hemla.ipynb
D  Short_Course_by_e/hemla_1.ipynb
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R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/Chapter_10_SILICON_CONTROLLED_RECTIFIER.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/Chapter_10_SILICON_CONTROLLED_RECTIFIER.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/Chapter_1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURES.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/Chapter_1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURES.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/Chapter_6_ELECTRICAL_BREAKDOWN_IN_PN_JUNCTIONS.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/Chapter_6_ELECTRICAL_BREAKDOWN_IN_PN_JUNCTIONS.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_2_ENERGY_BAND_THEORY_OF_SOLIDS.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_2_ENERGY_BAND_THEORY_OF_SOLIDS.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_3_CARRIER_TRANSPORT_IN_SEMICONDUCTOR.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_3_CARRIER_TRANSPORT_IN_SEMICONDUCTOR.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_4__EXCESS_CARRIER_IN_SEMICONDUCTOR.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_4__EXCESS_CARRIER_IN_SEMICONDUCTOR.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_5_PN_JUNCTION_DIODE.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_5_PN_JUNCTION_DIODE.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_7_BIPOLAR_JUNCTION_TRANSISTORB.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_7_BIPOLAR_JUNCTION_TRANSISTORB.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_8_THE_FIELD_EFFECT_TRANSISTOR.ipynb -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/chapter_8_THE_FIELD_EFFECT_TRANSISTOR.ipynb
R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/screenshots/Screen_Shot_2015-11-05_at_11.31.11_pm.png -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/screenshots/Screen_Shot_2015-11-05_at_11.31.11_pm.png
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R  _Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/screenshots/Screen_Shot_2015-11-05_at_11.33.45_pm.png -> Solid_State_Devices_by_B._S._Nair_and_S._R._Deepa/screenshots/Screen_Shot_2015-11-05_at_11.33.45_pm.png
D  Test/README.txt
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D  TestContribution/README.txt
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D  TestContribution/exampleCount.py
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D  Testing_Textbook_Companion_Directory/chapter2.ipynb
D  Testing_Textbook_Companion_Directory/chapter5.ipynb
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D  Testing_the_interface/README.txt
D  Testing_the_interface/chapter1.ipynb
D  Testing_the_interface/chapter11.ipynb
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D  Testing_the_interface/chapter8_3.ipynb
D  Testing_the_interface/screenshots/screen1.png
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R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines/Chapter10.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter10.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter10_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter10_1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines/Chapter11.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter11.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter11_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter11_1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines/Chapter12.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter12.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter12_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter12_1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter1_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter1_1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines/Chapter2.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter2.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter2_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter2_1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines/Chapter3.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter3.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter3_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter3_1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines/Chapter4.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter4.ipynb
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R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter5_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter5_1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines/Chapter6.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter6.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter6_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter6_1.ipynb
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R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter7_1.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter7_1.ipynb
R  _Theory_Of_Machines/Chapter8.ipynb -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter8.ipynb
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R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/README.txt -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/README.txt
R  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/screenshots/chapter1.png -> Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/screenshots/chapter1.png
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D  _Diffusion:_Mass_Transfer_In_Fluid_Systems_by__E._L._Cussler/screenshots/CH19.png
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D  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter12.ipynb
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D  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter3.ipynb
D  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter4.ipynb
D  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter6.ipynb
D  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter7.ipynb
D  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter8.ipynb
D  _Theory_Of_Machines_by__B._K._Sarkar/Chapter9.ipynb
D  abcd_by_cbvbv/Chapter1.ipynb
D  abcd_by_cbvbv/Chapter1_1.ipynb
D  abcd_by_cbvbv/screenshots/k1.png
D  abcd_by_cbvbv/screenshots/k2.png
D  abcd_by_cbvbv/screenshots/k2_1.png
D  abcd_by_cbvbv/screenshots/k3.png
D  abcd_by_cbvbv/screenshots/k3_1.png
D  abcd_by_cbvbv/screenshots/k3_2.png
D  t_by_t/README.txt
D  t_by_t/anubhav.ipynb
D  t_by_t/screenshots/blank1.png
D  t_by_t/screenshots/blank1_(another_copy).png
D  t_by_t/screenshots/blank1_(copy).png

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diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter01-Fiber_Optics_Communications_System.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter01-Fiber_Optics_Communications_System.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index ec323da9..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter01-Fiber_Optics_Communications_System.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1240 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:742c44cb267900361b88ee7b473acd2b1b40f32a4db7e15db6918955b1159df0"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter01:Fiber Optics Communications System"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "\n",


-      "Ex1.7.1:Pg-1.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1= 1.5   #  for glass\n",


-      "n2= 1.33   #  for water\n",


-      "phi1= (math.pi/6)            #  phi1 is the angel of incidence\n",


-      " #  According to Snell's law...\n",


-      " #  n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2) \n",


-      "sinphi2= (n1/n2)*math.sin(phi1)   #  phi2 is the angle of refraction..\n",


-      "phi2 = math.asin(sinphi2)\n",


-      "temp= math.degrees(phi2)\n",


-      "print \"  The angel of refraction in degrees =\",round(temp,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "  The angel of refraction in degrees = 34.33\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 11


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.7.2:Pg-1.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1= 1.50     #  RI of glass..\n",


-      "n2 = 1.0       #  RI of air...\n",


-      " #  According to Snell's law...\n",


-      " #  n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2) \n",


-      " #  From definition of critical angel phi2 = 90 degrees and phi1 will be critical angel\n",


-      "t1=(n2/n1)*math.sin(math.pi/2)\n",


-      "phiC=math.asin(t1)\n",


-      "temp= math.degrees(phiC)\n",


-      "print \" The Critical angel in degrees =\",round(temp,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Critical angel in degrees = 41.81\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 26


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.7.3:Pg-1.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " #  Given\n",


-      " #   To find RI of glass\n",


-      " #  To find the critical angle for glass...\n",


-      " \n",


-      "phi1 = 33    #  Angle of incidence..\n",


-      "phi2 = 90    # Angle of refraction..\n",


-      "n2= 1.0 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1 = round(sin(math.radians(phi2))/sin(math.radians(phi1)),3)  \n",


-      "print \" The Refractive Index is  =\",n1 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "#phiC = math.asin((n2/n1)*math.sin(90)) \n",


-      "phiC=math.asin(0.54)\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Critical angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Refractive Index is  = 1.836\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Critical angel in degrees = 32.68\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 81


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.7.4:Pg-1.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " #  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.5      #  TheRi of medium 1\n",


-      "n2= 1.36     #  the RI of medium 2\n",


-      "phi1= 30     #  The angle of incidence\n",


-      " #  According to Snell's law...\n",


-      " #  n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2) \n",


-      "phi2 = math.asin((n1/n2)*math.sin(math.radians(phi1))) \n",


-      "print \" The angel of refraction is  in degrees from normal = \",round(math.degrees(phi2),2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The angel of refraction is  in degrees from normal =  33.47\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 91


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.7.5:Pg-1.16"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1 = 3.6        #  RI of GaAs..\n",


-      "n2 = 3.4        #  RI of AlGaAs..\n",


-      "phi1 = 80       #  Angle of Incidence..\n",


-      " #  According to Snell's law...\n",


-      " #  n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2) \n",


-      " # At critical angle phi2 = 90...\n",


-      "phiC = math.asin((n2/n1)*sin(math.radians(90)) )\n",


-      "print \" The Critical angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2)  \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Critical angel in degrees = 70.81\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 97


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.1:Pg-1.22"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.5      #  RI of medium 1\n",


-      "n2 =1.45     #  RI of medium 2\n",


-      "\n",


-      "delt= (n1-n2)/n1 \n",


-      "NA = n1*(math.sqrt(2*delt)) \n",


-      "print \" The Numerical aperture  =\",round(NA,2)\n",


-      "phiA = math.asin(NA) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Acceptance angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiC = math.asin(n2/n1) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Critical angel in degrees =\",round(degrees(phiC),2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical aperture  = 0.39\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Acceptance angel in degrees = 22.79\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Critical angel in degrees = 75.16\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 100


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.2:Pg-1.23"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.5  #  RI of core\n",


-      "n2 = 1.48    #  RI of cladding..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)) \n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture   =\",round(NA,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiA = math.asin(NA) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Critical angel   =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture   = 0.24\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Critical angel   = 14.13\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 101


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.3:Pg-1.23"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      " \n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = 0.35           # Numerical Aperture\n",


-      "delt = 0.01 \n",


-      " # NA= n1*(math.sqrt(2*delt)      n1 is RI of core\n",


-      "n1 = 0.35/(math.sqrt(2*delt)) \n",


-      "print \"The RI of core  =\",round(n1,4) \n",


-      "\n",


-      " #  Numerical Aperture is also given by \n",


-      " #  NA = math.sqrt(n1**2 - n2**2)    #  n2 is RI of cladding\n",


-      "n2 = math.sqrt((n1**2-NA**2)) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe RI of Cladding =\",round(n2,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The RI of core  = 2.4749\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The RI of Cladding = 2.45\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 104


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.4:Pg-1.24"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Vc = 2.01*10**8        #  velocity of light in core in m/sec...\n",


-      "phiC= 80.0             #  Critical angle in degrees...\n",


-      "\n",


-      " #  RI of Core (n1) is given by (Velocity of light in air/ velocity of light in air)...\n",


-      "n1= 3*10**8/Vc \n",


-      " #  From critical angle and the value of n1 we calculate n2...\n",


-      "n2 = sin(math.radians(phiC))*n1   #  RI of cladding...\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) \n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture  =\",round(NA,2) \n",


-      "phiA = math.asin(NA)            #  Acceptance angle...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Acceptance angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture  = 0.26\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Acceptance angel in degrees = 15.02\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 106


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.5:Pg-1.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1 = 1.4         # RI of Core..\n",


-      "n2 = 1.35        # RI of Cladding\n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiC = math.asin(n2/n1)             # Critical angle..\n",


-      "print \" The Critical angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)         #  numerical Aperture...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Numerical Aperture is  =\",round(NA,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiA = math.asin(NA)         #  Acceptance angle...  \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Acceptance angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Critical angel in degrees = 74.64\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Numerical Aperture is  = 0.37\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Acceptance angel in degrees = 21.77\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 107


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.6:Pg-1.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1 = 1.48        #  RI of core..\n",


-      "n2 = 1.46        #  RI of Cladding..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)         # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture is =\",round(NA,3) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "theta = math.pi*NA**2         #  The entrance angle theta..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Entrance angel in degrees =\",round(theta,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture is = 0.242\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Entrance angel in degrees = 0.185\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 110


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.7:Pg-1.26"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      "\n",


-      "delt = 0.007          #  relative refractive index difference \n",


-      "n1 = 1.45        #  RI of core...\n",


-      "NA = n1* math.sqrt((2*delt)) \n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture is   =\",round(NA,4) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture is   = 0.1716\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 112


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.8:Pg-1.26"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " #  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiA = 8         #  accepatance angle in degrees...\n",


-      "n1 =1.52         # RI of core...\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = sin(math.radians(phiA))          # Numerical Aperture...\n",


-      "\n",


-      "delt = NA**2/(2*(n1**2))        # Relative RI difference...\n",


-      "print \" The relative refractive index difference  =\",round(delt,5) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The relative refractive index difference  = 0.00419\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 114


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "\n",


-      "Ex1.9.9:Pg-1.27"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "delt = 0.01       #  relative RI difference..\n",


-      "n1 = 1.48        #  RI of core...\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = n1*(math.sqrt(2*delt))        # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture =\",round(NA,3) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "theta = math.pi*NA**2         # Solid Acceptance angle...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Solid Acceptance angel in degrees =\",round(theta,4) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "n2 = (1-delt)*n1 \n",


-      "phiC = math.asin(n2/n1)          # Critical Angle...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Critical angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nCritical angle wrong due to rounding off errors in trignometric functions..\\n Actual value is 90.98 in book.\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture = 0.209\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Solid Acceptance angel in degrees = 0.1376\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Critical angel in degrees = 81.89\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Critical angle wrong due to rounding off errors in trignometric functions..\n",


-        " Actual value is 90.98 in book.\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 3


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.1:Pg-1.41"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "d = 50*10**-6         #  diameter of fibre...\n",


-      "n1 = 1.48        # RI of core..\n",


-      "n2 = 1.46        # RI of cladding..\n",


-      "lamda = 0.82*10**-6       # wavelength of light..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)        #  Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "Vn= math.pi*d*NA/lamda       # normalised frequency...\n",


-      "M = Vn**2/2       #  number of modes...\n",


-      "print \"  The number of modes in the fibre are  =\",int(M) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "  The number of modes in the fibre are  = 1078\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 4


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.2:Pg-1.42"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      " \n",


-      "V = 26.6        # Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "lamda = 1300*10**-9       # wavelenght of operation\n",


-      "a = 25*10**-6         #  radius of fibre.\n",


-      "NA = V*lamda/(2*math.pi*a)       # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture  =\",round(NA,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture  = 0.22\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 5


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.3:Pg-1.43"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "a = 40*10**-6   # radius of core...\n",


-      "delt = 0.015      # relative RI difference..\n",


-      "lamda= 0.85*10**-6        # wavelength of operation..\n",


-      "n1=1.48          # RI of core..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = n1*math.sqrt(2*delt)      # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \"  The Numerical Aperture =\", round(NA,4) \n",


-      "V = 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda     # normalised frequency\n",


-      "print \"  \\n\\nThe Normalised frequency  =\",round(V,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "M = V**2/2        # number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre are   =\",int(M) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "  The Numerical Aperture = 0.2563\n",


-        "  \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Normalised frequency  = 75.8\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre are   = 2872\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 7


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.4:Pg-1.43"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = 0.20        # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "M = 1000     # number of modes..\n",


-      "lamda = 850*10**-9   #  wavelength of operation..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "a = math.sqrt(M*2*lamda**2/(math.pi**2*NA**2))   #  radius of core..\n",


-      "a=a*10**6   # converting in um for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The radius of the core in um =\",round(a,2) \n",


-      "a=a*10**-6 \n",


-      "M1= ((math.pi*a*NA/(1320*10**-9))**2)/2\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1320um  =\",int(M1) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um is calculated wrongly in book\" \n",


-      "M2= ((math.pi*a*NA/(1550*10**-9))**2)/2\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1550um  =\",int(M2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The radius of the core in um = 60.5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um  = 414\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um is calculated wrongly in book\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre at 1550um  = 300\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 11


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.5:Pg-1.44"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "NA = 0.2     # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "n2= 1.59    #  RI of cladding..\n",


-      "n0= 1.33   #    RI of water..\n",


-      "lamda =  1300*10**-9        #  wavelength..\n",


-      "a = 25*10**-6     #  radius of core..\n",


-      "n1 = math.sqrt(NA**2+n2**2)     # RI of core..\n",


-      "phiA= math.asin(math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)/n0)       # Acceptance angle..\n",


-      "print \" The Acceptance angle is  =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiC= math.asin(n2/n1)   #  Critical angle..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe critical angle is   =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2) \n",


-      "V = 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda     #  normalisd frequency\n",


-      "M= V**2/2         # number of modes\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre are  =\",int(M) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***The value of the angle differ from the book because of round off errors.\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Acceptance angle is  = 8.65\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The critical angle is   = 82.83\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre are  = 292\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***The value of the angle differ from the book because of round off errors.\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 13


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.6:Pg-1.46"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "V= 26.6      #  Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "lamda= 1300*10**-9         # wavelength of operation..\n",


-      "a= 25*10**-6      #  radius of core..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = V*lamda/(2*math.pi*a)       # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture =\",round(NA,2) \n",


-      "theta = math.pi*NA**2         # solid Acceptance Angle..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe solid acceptance angle in radians =\",round(theta,3) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "M= V**2/2         # number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre  =\",round(M,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture = 0.22\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The solid acceptance angle in radians = 0.152\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre  = 353.78\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 15


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.7:Pg-1.47"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.49   #     RI of core.\n",


-      "n2=1.47         # RI of cladding..\n",


-      "a= 2       # radius of core in um..\n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)      #  Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      " #  The maximum V number for single mode operation is 2.4...\n",


-      "V= 2.4       # Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda = 2*math.pi*a*NA/V         #  Cutoff wavelength...\n",


-      "print \" The cutoff wavelength in um =\",round(lamda,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda1 = 1.310   #  Givenn cutoff wavelength in um..\n",


-      "d= V*lamda1/(math.pi*NA)        #  core diameter..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe core diameter in um =\",round(d,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The cutoff wavelength in um = 1.27\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The core diameter in um = 4.11\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 16


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.8:Pg-1.47"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " # Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.48    # RI of core..\n",


-      "a= 4.5      # core radius in um..\n",


-      "delt= 0.0025      # Relative RI difference..\n",


-      "V= 2.405         # For step index fibre..\n",


-      "lamda= (2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt))/V        # cutoff wavelength..\n",


-      "print \" The cutoff wavelength in um  =\",round(lamda,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The cutoff wavelength in um  = 1.23\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 18


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.9:Pg-1.48"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      " \n",


-      "lamda= 0.82*10**-6        # wavelength ofoperation.\n",


-      "a= 2.5*10**-6         # Radius of core..\n",


-      "n1= 1.48         # RI of core..\n",


-      "n2= 1.46     # RI of cladding\n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)          # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "V= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda          # Normalisd frequency..\n",


-      "print \" The normalised frequency =\",round(V,3) \n",


-      "M= V**2/2     # The number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre are =\",round(M,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The normalised frequency = 4.645\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre are = 10.79\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 21


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.10:Pg-1.49"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " # Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "delt= 0.01        # Relative RI difference..\n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "M= 1100          # Number of modes...\n",


-      "lamda= 1.3       # wavelength of operation in um..\n",


-      "V= math.sqrt(2*M)         # Normalised frequency...\n",


-      "d= V*lamda/(math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt))      # diameter of core..\n",


-      "print \" The diameter of the core in um =\",round(d,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The diameter of the core in um = 91.5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 22


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.11:Pg-1.50"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1= 1.5      #  RI of core..\n",


-      "n2= 1.38     # RI of cladding..\n",


-      "a= 25*10**-6      # radius of core..\n",


-      "lamda= 1300*10**-9       #  wavelength of operation...\n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)      # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture of the given fibre  =\",round(NA,4) \n",


-      "V= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda      # Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe normalised frequency  =\",round(V,2) \n",


-      "theta= math.asin(NA)         # Solid acceptance anglr..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Solid acceptance angle in degrees =\",int(math.degrees(theta)) \n",


-      "M= V**2/2         # Number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre are =\",int(M) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***Number of modes wrongly calculated in the book..\"\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture of the given fibre  = 0.5879\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The normalised frequency  = 71.03\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Solid acceptance angle in degrees = 36\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre are = 2522\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***Number of modes wrongly calculated in the book..\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 25


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.12:Pg-1.51"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda= 850*10**-9         # wavelength of operation.\n",


-      "a= 25*10**-6          # Radius of core\n",


-      "n1= 1.48         # RI of Core...\n",


-      "n2= 1.46         # RI of cladding..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)      # Numerical Aperture\n",


-      "\n",


-      "V= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda      # Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "print \" The normalised frequency  =\",round(V,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda1= 1320*10**-9       #  wavelength changed...\n",


-      "V1= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda1    # Normalised frequency at new wavelength..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "M= V1**2/2        # Number of modes at new wavelength..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1320um =\",int(M) \n",


-      "lamda2= 1550*10**-9       # wavelength 2...\n",


-      "V2= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda2    # New normalised frequency..\n",


-      "M1= V2**2/2   #  number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1550um  =\",int(M1 )\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The normalised frequency  = 44.81\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um = 416\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre at 1550um  = 301\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 26


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.15.1:Pg-1.56"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.48         # RI of core..\n",


-      "delt= 0.015       # relative RI differencr..\n",


-      "lamda= 0.85    # wavelength of operation..\n",


-      "V= 2.4   #  for single mode of operation..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "a= V*lamda/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt))    # radius of core..\n",


-      "print \" The raduis of core in um =\",round(a,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe maximum possible core diameter in um =\",round(2*a,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The raduis of core in um = 1.27\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The maximum possible core diameter in um = 2.53\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 27


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.15.2:Pg-1.56"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " # Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.5      # RI of core..\n",


-      "delt= 0.01     # Relative RI difference...\n",


-      "lamda= 1.3     # Wavelength of operation...\n",


-      "V= 2.4*math.sqrt(2)   #  Maximum value of V for GRIN...\n",


-      "a= V*lamda/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt))    # radius of core..\n",


-      "print \" The radius of core in um =\",round(a,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe maximum possible core diameter in um =\",round(2*a,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The radius of core in um = 3.31\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The maximum possible core diameter in um = 6.62\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 28


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.15.3:Pg-1.56"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.46         # RI of core..\n",


-      "a = 4.5      # radius of core in um..\n",


-      "delt= 0.0025      # relative RI difference..\n",


-      "V= 2.405     #  Normalisd frequency for single mode..\n",


-      "lamda= 2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt)/V      # cutoff wavelength...\n",


-      "print \" The cut off wavelength for the given fibre in um =\",round(lamda,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The cut off wavelength for the given fibre in um = 1.214\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 31


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter02-Optical_Fiber_for_Telecommunication.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter02-Optical_Fiber_for_Telecommunication.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 46a8893c..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter02-Optical_Fiber_for_Telecommunication.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,945 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:211878047ac07bbe36923a59422db9a2025fd46f216dee8cd476326a7778bb6a"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter02: Optical Fiber for Telecommunication"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      " Ex2.2.1:Pg-2.4"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "alpha= 3     #  average loss     Power decreases by 50% so P(0)/P(z)= 0.5\n",


-      "lamda= 900*10**-9     # wavelength\n",


-      "z= 10*math.log10(0.5)/alpha     # z is the length\n",


-      "z= z*-1 \n",


-      "print \" The length over which power decreases by 50% in Kms= \",round(z,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "z1= 10*math.log10(0.25)/alpha       # Power decreases by 75% so P(0)/P(z)= 0.25\n",


-      "z1=z1*-1     # as distance cannot be negative...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe length over which power decreases by 75% in Kms= \",round(z1,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The length over which power decreases by 50% in Kms=  1.0\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The length over which power decreases by 75% in Kms=  2.01\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 4


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.2:Pg-2.5"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "z=30.0     # Length of the fibre in kms\n",


-      "alpha= 0.8    # in dB\n",


-      "P0= 200.0      # Power launched in uW\n",


-      "pz= P0/10**(alpha*z/10)      \n",


-      "print \" The output power in  uW =\",round(pz,4) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The output power in  uW = 0.7962\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 7


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.3:Pg-2.6"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      "\n",


-      "z=8.0      # fibre length\n",


-      "p0= 120*10**-6    # power launched\n",


-      "pz= 3*10**-6 \n",


-      "alpha= 10*math.log10(p0/pz)   #  overall attenuation\n",


-      "print \" The overall attenuation in dB =\",round(alpha,2) \n",


-      "alpha = alpha/z      #  attenuation per km\n",


-      "alpha_new= alpha *10     #  attenuation for 10kms\n",


-      "total_attenuation = alpha_new + 9    # 9dB because of splices\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe total attenuation in dB =\",int(total_attenuation) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The overall attenuation in dB = 16.02\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The total attenuation in dB = 29\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 9


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.4:Pg-2.6"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " # Given\n",


-      " \n",


-      "z=12.0     # fibre length\n",


-      "alpha = 1.5 \n",


-      "p0= 0.3 \n",


-      "pz= p0/10**(alpha*z/10) \n",


-      "pz=pz*1000    # formatting pz in nano watts...\n",


-      "print \" The power at the output of the cable in W = \",round(pz,2),\"x 10^-9\" \n",


-      "alpha_new= 2.5 \n",


-      "pz=pz/1000   # pz in uWatts...\n",


-      "p0_new= 10**(alpha_new*z/10)*pz \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Input power in uW= \",round(p0_new,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The power at the output of the cable in W =  4.75 x 10^-9\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Input power in uW=  4.75\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 16


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.5:Pg-2.7"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "p0=150*10**-6      # power input\n",


-      "z= 10.0    # fibre length in km\n",


-      "pz= -38.2   #  in dBm...\n",


-      "pz= 10**(pz/10)*1*10**-3 \n",


-      "alpha_1= 10/z *math.log10(p0/pz)          # attenuation in 1st window\n",


-      "print \" Attenuation is 1st window in dB/Km =\",round(alpha_1,2) \n",


-      "alpha_2= 10/z *math.log10(p0/(47.5*10**-6))          # attenuation in 2nd window\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nAttenuation is 2nd window in dB/Km =\",round(alpha_2,2) \n",


-      "alpha_3= 10/z *math.log10(p0/(75*10**-6))          # attenuation in 3rd window\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nAttenuation is 3rd window in dB/Km =\",round(alpha_3,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Attenuation is 1st window in dB/Km = 3.0\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Attenuation is 2nd window in dB/Km = 0.5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Attenuation is 3rd window in dB/Km = 0.3\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 18


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "\n",


-      "Ex2.2.6:Pg-2.8"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "p0=3*10**-3 \n",


-      "pz=3*10**-6 \n",


-      "alpha= 0.5 \n",


-      "z= math.log10(p0/pz)/(alpha/10) \n",


-      "print \" The Length of the fibre in Km =\",int(z)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Length of the fibre in Km = 60\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 20


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.7:Pg-2.9"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "z= 10.0 \n",


-      "p0= 100*10**-6    #  input power\n",


-      "pz=5*10**-6       # output power\n",


-      "alpha = 10*math.log10(p0/pz)      # total attenuation\n",


-      "print \" The overall signal attenuation in dB = \",round(alpha,2) \n",


-      "alpha = alpha/z      #  attenuation per km\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe attenuation per Km in dB/Km = \",round(alpha,2)\n",


-      "z_new = 12.0 \n",


-      "splice_attenuation = 11*0.5 \n",


-      "cable_attenuation = alpha*z_new \n",


-      "total_attenuation = splice_attenuation+cable_attenuation \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe overall signal attenuation for 12Kms in dB = \",round(total_attenuation,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The overall signal attenuation in dB =  13.01\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The attenuation per Km in dB/Km =  1.3\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The overall signal attenuation for 12Kms in dB =  21.1\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 22


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.8:Pg-2.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Tf = 1400.0     # fictive temperature\n",


-      "BETA = 7*10**-11 \n",


-      "n= 1.46         # RI \n",


-      "p= 0.286     # photo elastic constant\n",


-      "Kb = 1.381*10**-23       # Boltzmann's constant\n",


-      "lamda = 850*10**-9    # wavelength\n",


-      "alpha_scat = 8*math.pi**3*n**8*p**2*Kb*Tf*BETA/(3*lamda**4) \n",


-      "l= 1000      # fibre length\n",


-      "TL = exp(-alpha_scat*l)    # transmission loss\n",


-      "attenuation = 10*math.log10(1/TL) \n",


-      "print \" The attenuation in dB/Km =\",round(attenuation,3)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The attenuation in dB/Km = 1.572\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 25


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.3.1:Pg-2.20"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "alpha = 2 \n",


-      "n1= 1.5  \n",


-      "a= 25*10**-6 \n",


-      "lamda= 1.3*10**-6 \n",


-      "M= 0.5 \n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(0.5*2*1.3**2/(math.pi**2*25**2)) \n",


-      "Rc= 3*n1**2*lamda/(4*math.pi*NA**3) \n",


-      "Rc=Rc*1000   #  converting into um.....\n",


-      "print \" The radius of curvature in um =\",round(Rc,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The radius of curvature in um = 153.98\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 28


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.5.1:Pg-2.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "lamda = 850 *10**-9 \n",


-      "sigma= 45*10**-9 \n",


-      "L= 1 \n",


-      "M= 0.025/(3*10**5*lamda) \n",


-      "sigma_m= sigma*L*M \n",


-      "sigma_m= sigma_m*10**9   #  formatting in ns/km....\n",


-      "print \" The Pulse spreading in ns/Km =\",round(sigma_m,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nNOTE*** - The answer in text book is wrongly calculated..\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Pulse spreading in ns/Km = 4.41\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "NOTE*** - The answer in text book is wrongly calculated..\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 30


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.5.2:Pg-2.26"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda= 2*10**-9 \n",


-      "sigma = 75 \n",


-      "D_mat= 0.03/(3*10**5*2) \n",


-      "sigma_m= 2*1*D_mat \n",


-      "sigma_m=sigma_m*10**9   # Fornamtting in ns/Km\n",


-      "print \" The Pulse spreading in ns/Km =\",int(sigma_m)\n",


-      "D_mat_led= 0.025/(3*10**5*1550) \n",


-      "sigma_m_led = 75*1*D_mat_led*10**9   # in ns/Km\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Pulse spreading foe LED is ns/Km =\",round(sigma_m_led,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Pulse spreading in ns/Km = 100\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Pulse spreading foe LED is ns/Km = 4.03\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 31


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.5.3:Pg-2.26"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda = 850 \n",


-      "sigma= 20 \n",


-      "D_mat = 0.055/(3*10**5*lamda) \n",


-      "sigma_m= sigma*1*D_mat \n",


-      "D_mat=D_mat*10**12   #  in Ps...\n",


-      "sigma_m=sigma_m*10**9   # in ns #  # \n",


-      "print \" The material Dispersion in Ps/nm-Km =\",round(D_mat,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Pulse spreading in ns/Km =\",round(sigma_m,4) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The material Dispersion in Ps/nm-Km = 215.69\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Pulse spreading in ns/Km = 4.3137\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 34


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.5.4:Pg-2.30"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "n2= 1.48  \n",


-      "dele = 0.2 \n",


-      "lamda = 1320 \n",


-      "Dw = -n2*dele*0.26/(3*10**5*lamda) \n",


-      "Dw=Dw*10**10   # converting in math.picosecs....\n",


-      "print \" The waveguide dispersion in math.picosec/nm.Km =\",round(Dw,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The waveguide dispersion in math.picosec/nm.Km = -1.943\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 37


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.1:Pg-2.34"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "L= 12 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t) \n",


-      "B_opt=B_opt/1000000   # converting from Hz to MHz\n",


-      "print \" The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "dele= t/L     # Pulse broadening\n",


-      "dele=dele*10**9   #  converting in ns...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe pulse broadening per unit length in ns/Km =\",round(dele,2) \n",


-      "BLP= B_opt*L   # BW length product\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Bandwidth-Length Product in MHz.Km =\",int(BLP) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. = 5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The pulse broadening per unit length in ns/Km = 8.33\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Bandwidth-Length Product in MHz.Km = 60\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 38


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.2:Pg-2.34"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "L= 10.0 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t) \n",


-      "B_opt=B_opt/1000000   # converting from Hz to MHz\n",


-      "print \" The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "dele= t/L \n",


-      "dele=dele/10**-6   # converting in us...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe dispersion per unit length in us/Km =\",round(dele,2) \n",


-      "BLP= B_opt*L \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Bandwidth-Length product in MHz.Km =\",int(BLP) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. = 5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The dispersion per unit length in us/Km = 0.01\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Bandwidth-Length product in MHz.Km = 50\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 40


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.3:Pg-2.35"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "L=15 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t) \n",


-      "B_opt=B_opt/1000000   # converting from Hz to MHz\n",


-      "print \" The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "dele= t/L*10**9   # in ns...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe dispersion per unit length in ns/Km =\",round(dele,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. = 5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The dispersion per unit length in ns/Km = 6.67\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 42


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.4:Pg-2.35"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "lamda = 0.85*10**-6 \n",


-      "rms_spect_width = 0.0012*lamda \n",


-      "sigma_m= rms_spect_width*1*98.1*10**-3 \n",


-      "sigma_m=sigma_m*10**9   #  converting in ns...\n",


-      "print \" The Pulse Broadening due to material dispersion in ns/Km =\",round(sigma_m,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Pulse Broadening due to material dispersion in ns/Km = 0.1\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 43


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.5:Pg-2.35"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "L= 5.0   # in KM\n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "dele= 0.01 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8   #  in m/s\n",


-      "delta_t = (L*n1*dele)/c \n",


-      "delta_t=delta_t*10**12   # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" The delay difference in ns =\",round(delta_t,1)\n",


-      "sigma= L*n1*dele/(2*math.sqrt(3)*c) \n",


-      "sigma=sigma*10**12   # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe r.m.s pulse broadening in ns =\",round(sigma,2) \n",


-      "B= 0.2/sigma*1000   # in Mz\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe maximum bit rate in MBits/sec =\",round(B,2) \n",


-      "BLP = B*5 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Bandwidth-Length in MHz.Km =\",round(BLP,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The delay difference in ns = 250.0\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The r.m.s pulse broadening in ns = 72.17\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The maximum bit rate in MBits/sec = 2.77\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Bandwidth-Length in MHz.Km = 13.86\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 47


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.6:Pg-2.36"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "del_t_inter = 5*1 \n",


-      "del_t_intra = 50*80*1 \n",


-      "total_dispersion = math.sqrt(5**2 + 0.4**2) \n",


-      "print \" Total dispersion in ns =\",round(total_dispersion,3) "


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Total dispersion in ns = 5.016\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 49


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.1:Pg-2.37"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "L=15 \n",


-      "dele= t/L*10**9    # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" The Pulse Dispersion in ns =\",round(dele,2) \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t)/10**6   # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "BLP = B_opt*L \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe BandwidthLength product in MHz.Km =\",int(BLP) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Pulse Dispersion in ns = 6.67\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz = 5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The BandwidthLength product in MHz.Km = 75\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 51


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.2:Pg-2.38"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "L= 6 \n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "delt= 0.01 \n",


-      "delta_t = L*n1*delt/(3*10**8)*10**12   # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" The delay difference in ns =\",int(delta_t) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The delay difference in ns = 300\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 52


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.3:Pg-2.39"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Lb= 0.09 \n",


-      "lamda= 1.55*10**-6 \n",


-      "delta_lamda = 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "Bf= lamda/Lb \n",


-      "Lbc= lamda**2/(Bf*delta_lamda) \n",


-      "print \" The modal Bifriengence in meters  =\",round(Lbc,2) \n",


-      "beta_xy= 2*math.pi/Lb \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe difference between propogation constants  =\",round(beta_xy,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The modal Bifriengence in meters  = 139.5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The difference between propogation constants  = 69.81\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 53


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.4:Pg-2.39"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t)/1000000 \n",


-      "print \" The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz =\",int(B_opt) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz = 5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 54


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.5:Pg-2.40"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t)/1000000 \n",


-      "print \" The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz = 5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 55


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter03-Optical_Sources_and_Transmitters.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter03-Optical_Sources_and_Transmitters.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 1e7a6431..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter03-Optical_Sources_and_Transmitters.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,826 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:1c5868fa547e8a659e03148d4a7bf0c9a34282713a490e0b68c5b0aa98a2f7e8"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter03:Optical Sources and Transmitters"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.1:Pg-3.10"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "x= 0.07 \n",


-      "Eg= 1.424+1.266*x+0.266*x**2 \n",


-      "lamda= 1.24/Eg \n",


-      "print \" The emitted wavelength in um =\",round(lamda,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The emitted wavelength in um = 0.82\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 6


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.2:Pg-3.10"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "x= 0.26 \n",


-      "y=0.57 \n",


-      "Eg= 1.35-0.72*y+0.12*y**2 \n",


-      "lamda = 1.24/Eg \n",


-      "print \" The wavelength emitted in um =\",round(lamda,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The wavelength emitted in um = 1.27\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 7


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.3:Pg-3.12"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Tr = 60*10**-9    # radiative recombination time\n",


-      "Tnr= 90*10**-9    # non radiative recomb time\n",


-      "I= 40*10**-3      # current\n",


-      "t = Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr)      # total recomb time\n",


-      "t=t*10**9     # Converting in nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" The total carrier recombination life time in ns =\",int(t) \n",


-      "t=t/10**9 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34      # plancks const\n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "q=1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "lamda= 0.87*10**-6 \n",


-      "Pint=(t/Tr)*((h*c*I)/(q*lamda)) \n",


-      "Pint=Pint*1000   # converting inmW...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Internal optical power in mW =\",round(Pint,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The total carrier recombination life time in ns = 36\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Internal optical power in mW = 34.22\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 8


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.4:Pg-3.13"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "lamda = 1310*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tr= 30*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tnr= 100*10**-9 \n",


-      "I= 40*10**-3 \n",


-      "t= Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr) \n",


-      "t=t*10**9    # converting in nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" Bulk recombination life time in ns =\",round(t,2) \n",


-      "t=t/10**9 \n",


-      "n= t/Tr \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nInternal quantum efficiency =\",round(n,3) \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34      # plancks const\n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "q=1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "Pint=(0.769*h*c*I)/(q*lamda)*1000 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe internal power level in mW =\",round(Pint,3) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE: Internal Power wrong in text book.. Calculation Error..\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Bulk recombination life time in ns = 23.08\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Internal quantum efficiency = 0.769\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The internal power level in mW = 29.131\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE: Internal Power wrong in text book.. Calculation Error..\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 9


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.5:Pg-3.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "nx= 3.6 \n",


-      "TF= 0.68 \n",


-      "n= 0.3 \n",


-      " # Pe=Pint*TF*1/(4*nx**2) \n",


-      " # ne= Pe/Px*100     ..eq0\n",


-      " # Pe = 0.013*Pint      # Eq 1\n",


-      " # Pint = n*P     # Eq 2\n",


-      " # substitute eq2 and eq1 in eq0\n",


-      "ne = 0.013*0.3*100 \n",


-      "print \" The external Power efficiency in % =\",round(ne,3) \n",


-      " #  Wrongly printed in textbook. it should be P instead of Pint in last step\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The external Power efficiency in % = 0.39\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 11


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.6:Pg-3.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda= 0.85*10**-6 \n",


-      "Nint = 0.60 \n",


-      "I= 20*10**-3 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34      # plancks const\n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "e=1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "Pint = Nint*h*c*I/(e*lamda) \n",


-      "print \" The optical power emitted in W =\",round(Pint,4) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "TF= 0.68 \n",


-      "nx= 3.6 \n",


-      "Pe= Pint*TF/(4*nx**2)*1000000 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nPower emitted in the air in uW =\",round(Pe,1) \n",


-      "Pe=Pe/1000000 \n",


-      "Nep=Pe/Pint*100 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nExternal power efficiency in % =\",round(Nep,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The optical power emitted in W = 0.0175\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Power emitted in the air in uW = 229.7\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "External power efficiency in % = 1.3\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 12


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.7:Pg-3.16"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda = 0.87*10**-6 \n",


-      "Tr= 50*10**-9 \n",


-      "I= 0.04 \n",


-      "Tnr= 110*10**-9 \n",


-      "t= Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr) \n",


-      "t=t*10**9    # converting in ns...\n",


-      "print \" Total carrier recombination life time in ns =\",round(t,2) \n",


-      "t=t/10**9 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34      # plancks const\n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "q=1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "n= t/Tr \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe efficiency in % \",round(n,3) \n",


-      "Pint=(n*h*c*I)/(q*lamda)*1000 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nInternal power generated in mW =\",round(Pint,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE- Internal Power wrong in book... \"\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Total carrier recombination life time in ns = 34.38\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The efficiency in %  0.688\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Internal power generated in mW = 39.22\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE- Internal Power wrong in book... \n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 15


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.8:Pg-3.16"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      " \n",


-      "\n",


-      "V= 2 \n",


-      "I= 100*10**-3 \n",


-      "Pc= 2*10**-3 \n",


-      "P= V*I \n",


-      "Npc= Pc/P*100 \n",


-      "print \" The overall power conversion efficiency in % =\",int(Npc) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The overall power conversion efficiency in % = 1\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 16


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.1:Pg-3.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "r1= 0.32 \n",


-      "r2= 0.32 \n",


-      "alpha= 10 \n",


-      "L= 500*10**-4 \n",


-      "temp=math.log(1/(r1*r2)) \n",


-      "Tgth = alpha + (temp/(2*L)) \n",


-      "print \" The optical gain at threshold in /cm =\",round(Tgth,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The optical gain at threshold in /cm = 32.79\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 17


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.2:Pg-3.27"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n= 3.7 \n",


-      "lamda = 950*10**-9 \n",


-      "L= 500*10**-6 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "DELv = c/(2*L*n)*10*10**-10   # converting in GHz...\n",


-      "print \" The frequency spacing in GHz =\",int(DELv) \n",


-      "DEL_lamda= lamda**2/(2*L*n)*10**9   # converting to nm..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe wavelength spacing in nm =\",round(DEL_lamda,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE- The value of wavelength taken wrongly in book\" \n",


-      " #  value of lamda taken wrongly while soving for DEL_LAMDA inthe book..\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The frequency spacing in GHz = 81\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The wavelength spacing in nm = 0.24\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE- The value of wavelength taken wrongly in book\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 18


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.3:Pg-3.30"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " #Given\n",


-      " \n",


-      "L= 0.04 \n",


-      "n= 1.78 \n",


-      "lamda= 0.55*10**-6 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "q= 2*n*L/lamda \n",


-      "q=q/10**5 \n",


-      "print \" Number of longitudinal modes  =\",round(q,2),\"x 10^5\" \n",


-      "del_f= c/(2*n*L) \n",


-      "del_f=del_f*10**-9 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe frequency seperation in GHz =\",round(del_f,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Number of longitudinal modes  = 2.59 x 10^5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The frequency seperation in GHz = 2.1\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 20


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.4:Pg-3.33"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Nt= 0.18 \n",


-      "V= 2.5 \n",


-      "Eg= 1.43 \n",


-      "Nep= Nt*Eg*100/V \n",


-      "print \" The total efficiency in % =\",round(Nep,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The total efficiency in % = 10.296\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 22


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.5:Pg-3.33"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n= 3.6 \n",


-      "BETA= 21*10**-3 \n",


-      "alpha= 10 \n",


-      "L= 250*10**-4 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "r= (n-1)**2/(n+1)**2 \n",


-      "Jth= 1/BETA *( alpha + (math.log(1/r)/L)) \n",


-      "Jth=Jth/1000   # converting for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The threshold current density =\",round(Jth,3),\"x 10**3\" \n",


-      "Jth=Jth*1000 \n",


-      "Ith  =Jth*250*100*10**-8 \n",


-      "Ith=Ith*1000   # converting into mA...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe threshold current in mA =\",round(Ith,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The threshold current density = 2.65 x 10**3\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The threshold current in mA = 662.4\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 24


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.6:Pg-3.34"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "T= 305.0 \n",


-      "T0 = 160.0 \n",


-      "T1= 373.0\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Jth_32 = exp(T/T0) \n",


-      "Jth_100 = exp(T1/T0) \n",


-      "R_j = Jth_100/Jth_32 \n",


-      "print \" Ratio of current densities at 160K is =\",round(R_j,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE- Wrong in book...\\nJth(100) calculated wrongly...\" \n",


-      "To = 55 \n",


-      "Jth_32_new = exp(T/To) \n",


-      "Jth_100_new = exp(T1/To) \n",


-      "R_j_new = Jth_100_new/Jth_32_new \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nRatio of current densities at 55K is  \",round(R_j_new,2) \n",


-      " # wrong in book...\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Ratio of current densities at 160K is = 1.53\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE- Wrong in book...\n",


-        "Jth(100) calculated wrongly...\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Ratio of current densities at 55K is   3.44\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 26


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.1:Pg-3.42"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Bo= 150 \n",


-      "rs= 35*10**-4 \n",


-      "a1= 25*10**-6 \n",


-      "NA= 0.20 \n",


-      "a2= 50*10**-6 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "Pled = (a1/rs)**2 * (math.pi**2*rs**2*Bo*NA**2) \n",


-      "Pled=Pled*10**10   # converting in uW...\n",


-      "print \" The power coupled inthe fibre in uW =\",int(Pled) \n",


-      "Pled_new = (math.pi**2*rs**2*Bo*NA**2) \n",


-      "Pled_new=Pled_new*10**6   # converting in uW...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Power coupled for case 2 in uW =\",round(Pled_new,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The power coupled inthe fibre in uW = 370\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Power coupled for case 2 in uW = 725.42\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 27


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.2:Pg-3.43"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n= 1.48 \n",


-      "n1= 3.6 \n",


-      "R= (n1-n)**2/(n1+n)**2 \n",


-      "print \" The Fresnel Reflection is  \",round(R,4) \n",


-      "L= -10*math.log10(1-R) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nPower loss in dB =\",round(L,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Fresnel Reflection is   0.1742\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Power loss in dB = 0.83\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 28


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.3:Pg-3.44"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA= 0.20 \n",


-      "Bo= 150 \n",


-      "rs= 35*10**-6 \n",


-      "Pled = math.pi**2*rs**2*Bo*NA**2 \n",


-      "Pled=Pled*10**10   # convertin in uW for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The optical power coupled in uW =\",round(Pled,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The optical power coupled in uW = 725.42\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 29


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.4:Pg-3.44"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "n=1 \n",


-      "R= (n1-n)**2/(n1+n)**2 \n",


-      "L= -10*math.log10(1-R) \n",


-      " # Total loss is twice due to reflection\n",


-      "L= L+L \n",


-      "print \" Total loss due to Fresnel Reflection in dB =\",round(L,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Total loss due to Fresnel Reflection in dB = 0.35\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 30


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.5:Pg-3.51"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "n=1.0 \n",


-      "y=5.0 \n",


-      "a= 25.0 \n",


-      "temp1=(1-(y/(2*a)**2))**0.5 \n",


-      "temp1=temp1*(y/a) \n",


-      "temp=2*math.acos(0.9996708)  #  it should be acos(0.1) actually... due to approximations\n",


-      "    \n",


-      "    #  answer varies a lot... \n",


-      "temp=math.degrees(temp)-temp1 \n",


-      " # temp=temp \n",


-      "tem= 16*(1.5**2)/(2.5**4) \n",


-      "tem=tem/math.pi \n",


-      "temp=temp*tem \n",


-      "Nlat= temp \n",


-      "print \" The Coupling efficiency is =\",round(Nlat,3) \n",


-      "L= -10*math.log10(Nlat) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe insertion loss in dB =\",round(L,2) \n",


-      "temp1=(1-(y/(2*a)**2))**0.5 \n",


-      "temp1=temp1*(y/a) \n",


-      "temp=2*math.acos(0.9996708)  #  it should be acos(0.1) actually... due to approximations\n",


-      "    #  answer varies a lot... \n",


-      "temp=math.degrees(temp)-temp1 \n",


-      "temp=temp/math.pi \n",


-      "N_new =temp  \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nEfficiency when joint index is matched =\",round(N_new,3) \n",


-      "L_new= -10*math.log10(N_new) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe new insertion loss in dB =\",round(L_new,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Coupling efficiency is = 0.804\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The insertion loss in dB = 0.95\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Efficiency when joint index is matched = 0.872\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The new insertion loss in dB = 0.59\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 39


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter04-Optical_Detectors_and_Receivers.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter04-Optical_Detectors_and_Receivers.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 9dca6b9e..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter04-Optical_Detectors_and_Receivers.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,644 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:e29ad753b5f2886d343bb74ecb0ecc91fcb2a9898826cbfcabd7e953e57d2f63"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter04: Optical Detectors and Receivers"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.1:Pg-4.5"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "Eg= 1.1 \n",


-      "lamda_c = 1.24/Eg \n",


-      "print \"The cut off wavelength in um= \",round(lamda_c,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "Eg_ger =0.67 \n",


-      "lamda_ger= 1.24/Eg_ger \n",


-      "print \" \\nThe cut off wavelength for Germanium in um= \",round(lamda_ger,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The cut off wavelength in um=  1.13\n",


-        " \n",


-        "The cut off wavelength for Germanium in um=  1.85\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 3


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.2:Pg-4.5"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given \n",


-      "Eg = 1.43 \n",


-      "lamda = 1.24/Eg \n",


-      "lamda=lamda*1000   # converting in nm\n",


-      "print \"The cut off wavelength in nm =\",round(lamda,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The cut off wavelength in nm = 867.13\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 6


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.3:Pg-4.5"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "P = 6*10**6 \n",


-      "Eh_pair= 5.4*10**6 \n",


-      "n= Eh_pair/P*100 \n",


-      "print \" The quantum efficiency in % = \",n \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The quantum efficiency in % =  90.0\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 8


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.4:Pg-4.6"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "R= 0.65 \n",


-      "P0= 10*10**-6 \n",


-      "Ip= R*P0 \n",


-      "Ip=Ip*10**6   # convertinf in uA...\n",


-      "print \" The generated photocurrent in uA = \",Ip \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The generated photocurrent in uA =  6.5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 9


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.5:Pg-4.6"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Ec= 1.2*10**11 \n",


-      "P= 3*10**11 \n",


-      "lamda = 0.85*10**-6 \n",


-      "n= Ec/P*100 \n",


-      "print \"The efficiency in % =\",n \n",


-      "\n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "n= n/100 \n",


-      "R= n*q*lamda/(h*c) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Responsivity of the photodiode in A/W=\",round(R ,4)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The efficiency in % = 40.0\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Responsivity of the photodiode in A/W= 0.2741\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 12


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.6:Pg-4.7"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n= 0.65 \n",


-      "E= 1.5*10**-19 \n",


-      "Ip= 2.5*10**-6 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "lamda= h*c/E \n",


-      "lamda=lamda*10**6   # converting in um for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"The wavelength in um =\",lamda \n",


-      "lamda=lamda*10**-6 \n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "R= n*q*lamda/(h*c) \n",


-      "print \"\\nThe Responsivity in A/W =\",R \n",


-      "Pin= Ip/R \n",


-      "Pin=Pin*10**6  #  converting in uW for displaying/..\n",


-      "print \" \\nThe incidnt power in uW= \",round(Pin,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The wavelength in um = 1.325\n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Responsivity in A/W = 0.6942\n",


-        " \n",


-        "The incidnt power in uW=  3.6\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 5


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.7:Pg-4.8"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "Iin= 1 \n",


-      "lamda= 1550*10**-9 \n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "n=0.65 \n",


-      "Ip=n*q*lamda*Iin/(h*c) \n",


-      "Ip=Ip*1000   # converting in mA for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The average photon current in mA= \",int(Ip)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The average photon current in mA=  812\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 7


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.8:Pg-4.9"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n= 0.70 \n",


-      "Ip= 4*10**-6 \n",


-      "e= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "E= 1.5*10**-19\n",


-      "lamda = h*c/E \n",


-      "lamda=lamda*10**6   # converting um for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"The wavelength in um =\",round(lamda,3) \n",


-      "R= n*e/E \n",


-      "Po= Ip/R \n",


-      "Po=Po*10**6   # converting um for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" \\nIncident optical Power in uW =\",round(Po,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The wavelength in um = 1.325\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Incident optical Power in uW = 5.35\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 14


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.2.1:Pg-4.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ct= 7*10.0**-12\n",


-      "Rt= 50*1*10.0**6/(50+(1*10**6))\n",


-      "B= 1/(2*math.pi*Rt*Ct)\n",


-      "B=B*10**-6  #converting in mHz for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"The bandwidth of photodetector in MHz =\",round(B,2)"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The bandwidth of photodetector in MHz = 454.75\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 43


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.2.2:Pg-4.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "W= 25*10**-6 \n",


-      "Vd= 3*10**4 \n",


-      "Bm= Vd/(2*math.pi*W) \n",


-      "RT= 1/Bm \n",


-      "RT=RT*10**9    # converting ns for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The maximum response time in ns =\",round(RT,2) "


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum response time in ns = 5.24\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 45


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "\n",


-      "Ex4.2.3:Pg-4.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "e= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "v= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "n=0.65 \n",


-      "I= 10*10**-6 \n",


-      "lamda= 900*10**-9 \n",


-      "R= n*e*lamda/(h*v) \n",


-      "Po= 0.5*10**-6 \n",


-      "Ip= Po*R \n",


-      "M= I/Ip \n",


-      "print \" The multiplication factor =\",round(M,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The multiplication factor = 42.41\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 48


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.3.1:Pg-4.18"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "n=0.65 \n",


-      "lamda = 900*10**-9 \n",


-      "Pin= 0.5*10**-6 \n",


-      "Im= 10*10**-6 \n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "R= n*q*lamda/(h*c) \n",


-      "Ip= R*Pin \n",


-      "M= Im/Ip \n",


-      "print \" The multiplication factor =\",round(M,2)\n",


-      "print \"\\n***NOTE-Answer wrong in textbook...\""


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The multiplication factor = 42.41\n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE-Answer wrong in textbook...\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 51


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.6.1:Pg-4.34"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "lamda = 1300*10**-9 \n",


-      "Id= 4*10**-9 \n",


-      "n=0.9 \n",


-      "Rl= 1000 \n",


-      "Pincident= 300*10**-9 \n",


-      "BW= 20*10**6 \n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "v= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "Iq= math.sqrt((q*Pincident*n*lamda)/(h*v)) \n",


-      "Iq= math.sqrt(Iq) \n",


-      "Iq=Iq*100   # converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"Mean square quantum noise current in Amp*10^11 =\",round(Iq,2)\n",


-      "I_dark= 2*q*BW*Id \n",


-      "I_dark=I_dark*10**19  # converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" \\nMean square dark current in Amp*10^-19 =\",round(I_dark,3) \n",


-      "k= 1.38*10**-23 \n",


-      "T= 25+273 \n",


-      "It= 4*k*T*BW/Rl \n",


-      "It=It*10**16  # converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" \\nMean square thermal nise current in Amp*10^-16 =\",round(It,2)"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "Mean square quantum noise current in Amp*10^11 = 2.31\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Mean square dark current in Amp*10^-19 = 0.256\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Mean square thermal nise current in Amp*10^-16 = 3.29\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 61


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.8.1:Pg-4.39"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda = 850*10**-9 # meters\n",


-      "BER= 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "N_bar = 9*log(10) \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 # joules-sec\n",


-      "v= 3*10**8 # meters/sec\n",


-      "n= 0.65 #  assumption\n",


-      "E=N_bar*h*v/(n*lamda) \n",


-      "E=E*10**18 # /converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The Energy received in Joules*10^-18 =\",round(E,2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Energy received in Joules*10^-18 = 7.45\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 64


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.8.2:Pg-4.39"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "lamda = 850*10**-9 \n",


-      "BER = 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "BT=10*10**6 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "Ps= 36*h*c*BT/lamda \n",


-      "Ps=Ps*10**12  # /converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"The minimum incidental optical power required id in pW =\",round(Ps,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The minimum incidental optical power required id in pW = 84.18\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 67


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.8.3:Pg-4.40"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "C= 5*10**-12 \n",


-      "B =50*10**6 \n",


-      "Ip= 1*10**-7 \n",


-      "e= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "k= 1.38*10**-23 \n",


-      "T= 18+273 \n",


-      "M= 1 \n",


-      "Rl= 1/(2*math.pi*C*B) \n",


-      "S_N= Ip**2/((2*e*B*Ip)+(4*k*T*B/Rl)) \n",


-      "S_N = 10*math.log10(S_N)   # in db\n",


-      "print \" The S/N ratio in dB =\",round(S_N,2) \n",


-      "M=41.54 \n",


-      "S_N_new= (M**2*Ip**2)/((2*e*B*Ip*M**2.3)+(4*k*T*B/Rl)) \n",


-      "S_N_new = 10*math.log10(S_N_new)   # in db\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe new S/N ratio in dB =\",round(S_N_new,2)\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nImprovement over M=1 in dB =\",round(S_N_new-S_N,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The S/N ratio in dB = 8.99\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The new S/N ratio in dB = 32.49\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Improvement over M=1 in dB = 23.5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 70


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter05-Design_Considerations_in_Optical_Links.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter05-Design_Considerations_in_Optical_Links.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 3915a0b4..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter05-Design_Considerations_in_Optical_Links.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,458 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:b4a79f107959b9c220fb0fbffb78f81a806979a06263be16ca010cadce8d4a27"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter05: Design Considerations in Optical Links"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.1:Pg-5.7"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "B= 15*10**-6 \n",


-      "L= 4 \n",


-      "BER= 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "Ls= 0.5 \n",


-      "Lc= 1.5 \n",


-      "alpha= 6 \n",


-      "Pm= 8 \n",


-      "Pt= 2*Lc +(alpha*L)+(Pm) \n",


-      "print \" The actual loss in fibre in dB =\",int(Pt) \n",


-      "Pmax = -10-(-50) \n",


-      "print \" \\nThe maximum allowable system loss in dBm = \",Pmax "


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The actual loss in fibre in dB = 35\n",


-        " \n",


-        "The maximum allowable system loss in dBm =  40\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 5


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.2:Pg-5.8"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ps= 0.1 \n",


-      "alpha = 6 \n",


-      "L= 0.5 \n",


-      "Ps = 10*math.log10(Ps) \n",


-      "NA= 0.25 \n",


-      "Lcoupling= -10*math.log10(NA**2) \n",


-      "Lf= alpha*L \n",


-      "lc= 2*2 \n",


-      "Pm= 4 \n",


-      "Pout = Ps-(Lcoupling+Lf+lc+Pm) \n",


-      "print \" The actual power output in dBm = \",int(Pout) \n",


-      "Pmin = -35 \n",


-      "print \" Minimum input power required in dBm= \",Pmin \n",


-      "print \" As Pmin > Pout, system will perform adequately over the system operating life.\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The actual power output in dBm =  -33\n",


-        " Minimum input power required in dBm=  -35\n",


-        " As Pmin > Pout, system will perform adequately over the system operating life.\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 8


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.3:Pg-5.8"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Ps= 5 \n",


-      "Lcoupling = 3 \n",


-      "Lc= 2 \n",


-      "L_splicing = 50*0.1 \n",


-      "F_atten  = 25 \n",


-      "L_total = Lcoupling+Lc+L_splicing+F_atten \n",


-      "P_avail = Ps-L_total \n",


-      "sensitivity = -40 \n",


-      "loss_margin = -sensitivity-(-P_avail) \n",


-      "print \" The loss margin of the system in dBm= -\",loss_margin \n",


-      "sensitivity_fet = -32 \n",


-      "loss_margin_fet=-sensitivity_fet-(-P_avail) \n",


-      "print \"The loss marging for the FET receiver in dBm= -\",loss_margin_fet \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The loss margin of the system in dBm= - 10.0\n",


-        "The loss marging for the FET receiver in dBm= - 2.0\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 10


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.4:Pg-5.9"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "LED_output = 3 \n",


-      "PIN_sensitivity = -54 \n",


-      "allowed_loss= LED_output -(-PIN_sensitivity) \n",


-      "Lcoupling = 17.5 \n",


-      "cable_atten = 30 \n",


-      "power_margin_coupling= 39.5 \n",


-      "power_margin_splice=6.2 \n",


-      "power_margin_cable=9.5 \n",


-      "final_margin= power_margin_coupling+power_margin_splice+power_margin_cable \n",


-      "print \" The safety margin in dB =\",final_margin\n",


-      " # Answer in book is wrong...\n",


-      "print \" \\n***NOTE- Answer wrong in book...\"\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The safety margin in dB = 55.2\n",


-        " \n",


-        "***NOTE- Answer wrong in book...\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 12


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.5:Pg-5.10"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "optical_power=-10 \n",


-      "receiver_sensitivity=-41 \n",


-      "total_margin= optical_power-receiver_sensitivity \n",


-      "cable_loss= 7*2.6 \n",


-      "splice_loss= 6*0.5 \n",


-      "connector_loss= 1*1.5 \n",


-      "safety_margin= 6 \n",


-      "total_loss= cable_loss+splice_loss+connector_loss+safety_margin \n",


-      "excess_power_margin= total_margin-total_loss \n",


-      "print \" The system is viable and provides excess power margin in dB=\",excess_power_margin \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The system is viable and provides excess power margin in dB= 2.3\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 14


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.4.1:Pg-5.13"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ttx= 15 \n",


-      "Tmat=21 \n",


-      "Tmod= 3.9 \n",


-      "BW= 25.0 \n",


-      "Trx= 350.0/BW \n",


-      "\n",


-      "Tsys = math.sqrt(Ttx**2+Tmat**2+Tmod**2+Trx**2) \n",


-      "print \" The system rise time in ns.= \",round(Tsys,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The system rise time in ns.=  29.62\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 16


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.4.2:Pg-5.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Ttrans = 1.75*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tled = 3.50*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tcable=3.89*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tpin= 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "Trec= 1.94*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tsys= math.sqrt(Ttrans**2+Tled**2+Tcable**2+Tpin**2+Trec**2) \n",


-      "Tsys=Tsys*10**9  # converting in ns for dislaying...\n",


-      "print \" The system rise time in ns= \",round(Tsys,2)\n",


-      "Tsys=Tsys*10**-9 \n",


-      "BW= 0.35/Tsys \n",


-      "BW=BW/1000000.0  # converting in MHz for dislaying...\n",


-      "print \" \\nThe system bandwidth in MHz =\",round(BW,2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The system rise time in ns=  5.93\n",


-        " \n",


-        "The system bandwidth in MHz = 58.99\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 19


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.4.3:Pg-5.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ttx= 8*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tintra= 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tmodal=5*10**-9 \n",


-      "Trr= 6*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tsys= math.sqrt(Ttx**2+(8*Tintra)**2+(8*Tmodal)**2+Trr**2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "BWnrz= 0.7/Tsys \n",


-      "BWnrz=BWnrz/1000000  # converting in ns for dislaying...\n",


-      "BWrz=0.35/Tsys \n",


-      "BWrz=BWrz/1000000  # converting in ns for dislaying...\n",


-      "print \" Maximum bit rate for NRZ format in Mb/sec= \",round(BWnrz,2)\n",


-      "print \" \\nMaximum bit rate for RZ format in Mb/sec= \",round(BWrz,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Maximum bit rate for NRZ format in Mb/sec=  16.67\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Maximum bit rate for RZ format in Mb/sec=  8.33\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 21


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.4.4:Pg-5.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ts= 10*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tn=9*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tc=2*10**-9 \n",


-      "Td=3*10**-9 \n",


-      "BW= 6*10**6 \n",


-      "Tsyst= 1.1*math.sqrt(Ts**2+(5*Tn)**2+(5*Tc)**2+Td**2) \n",


-      "Tsyst=Tsyst*10**9  # converting in ns for displying...\n",


-      "Tsyst_max = 0.35/BW \n",


-      "Tsyst_max=Tsyst_max*10**9  # converting in ns for displying...\n",


-      "print \" Rise system of the system in ns= \",round(Tsyst,2)\n",


-      "print \" \\nMaximum Rise system of the system in ns= \",round(Tsyst_max,2)\n",


-      "print \" \\nSpecified components give a system rise time which is adequate for the bandwidth and distance requirements of the optical fibre link.\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Rise system of the system in ns=  51.99\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Maximum Rise system of the system in ns=  58.33\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Specified components give a system rise time which is adequate for the bandwidth and distance requirements of the optical fibre link.\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 24


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.5.1:Pg-5.18"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "del_t_1 = 10*100*10**-9 \n",


-      "Bt_nrz_1 = 0.7/(del_t_1*1000000) \n",


-      "Bt_rz_1 = 0.35/(del_t_1*1000000) \n",


-      "print \"First case.\"\n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for nrz in Mb/sec= \",Bt_nrz_1 \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for rz in Mb/sec= \",Bt_rz_1 \n",


-      "del_t_2 = 20*1000*10**-9 \n",


-      "Bt_nrz_2 = 0.7/(del_t_2*1000000) \n",


-      "Bt_rz_2 = 0.35/(del_t_2*1000000) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nSecond case\" \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for nrz in Mb/sec= \",Bt_nrz_2 \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for rz  in Mb/sec= \",Bt_rz_2 \n",


-      "del_t_3 = 2*2000*10**-9 \n",


-      "Bt_nrz_3 = 0.7/(del_t_3*1000) \n",


-      "Bt_rz_3 = 0.35/(del_t_3*1000) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThird case\" \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for nrz in BITS/sec= \",int(Bt_nrz_3) \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for rz  in BITS/sec= \",Bt_rz_3 \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "First case.\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for nrz in Mb/sec=  0.7\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for rz in Mb/sec=  0.35\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Second case\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for nrz in Mb/sec=  0.035\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for rz  in Mb/sec=  0.0175\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Third case\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for nrz in BITS/sec=  174\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for rz  in BITS/sec=  87.5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 31


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter1.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index ec323da9..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1240 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:742c44cb267900361b88ee7b473acd2b1b40f32a4db7e15db6918955b1159df0"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter01:Fiber Optics Communications System"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "\n",


-      "Ex1.7.1:Pg-1.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1= 1.5   #  for glass\n",


-      "n2= 1.33   #  for water\n",


-      "phi1= (math.pi/6)            #  phi1 is the angel of incidence\n",


-      " #  According to Snell's law...\n",


-      " #  n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2) \n",


-      "sinphi2= (n1/n2)*math.sin(phi1)   #  phi2 is the angle of refraction..\n",


-      "phi2 = math.asin(sinphi2)\n",


-      "temp= math.degrees(phi2)\n",


-      "print \"  The angel of refraction in degrees =\",round(temp,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "  The angel of refraction in degrees = 34.33\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 11


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.7.2:Pg-1.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1= 1.50     #  RI of glass..\n",


-      "n2 = 1.0       #  RI of air...\n",


-      " #  According to Snell's law...\n",


-      " #  n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2) \n",


-      " #  From definition of critical angel phi2 = 90 degrees and phi1 will be critical angel\n",


-      "t1=(n2/n1)*math.sin(math.pi/2)\n",


-      "phiC=math.asin(t1)\n",


-      "temp= math.degrees(phiC)\n",


-      "print \" The Critical angel in degrees =\",round(temp,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Critical angel in degrees = 41.81\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 26


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.7.3:Pg-1.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " #  Given\n",


-      " #   To find RI of glass\n",


-      " #  To find the critical angle for glass...\n",


-      " \n",


-      "phi1 = 33    #  Angle of incidence..\n",


-      "phi2 = 90    # Angle of refraction..\n",


-      "n2= 1.0 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1 = round(sin(math.radians(phi2))/sin(math.radians(phi1)),3)  \n",


-      "print \" The Refractive Index is  =\",n1 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "#phiC = math.asin((n2/n1)*math.sin(90)) \n",


-      "phiC=math.asin(0.54)\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Critical angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Refractive Index is  = 1.836\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Critical angel in degrees = 32.68\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 81


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.7.4:Pg-1.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " #  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.5      #  TheRi of medium 1\n",


-      "n2= 1.36     #  the RI of medium 2\n",


-      "phi1= 30     #  The angle of incidence\n",


-      " #  According to Snell's law...\n",


-      " #  n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2) \n",


-      "phi2 = math.asin((n1/n2)*math.sin(math.radians(phi1))) \n",


-      "print \" The angel of refraction is  in degrees from normal = \",round(math.degrees(phi2),2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The angel of refraction is  in degrees from normal =  33.47\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 91


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.7.5:Pg-1.16"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1 = 3.6        #  RI of GaAs..\n",


-      "n2 = 3.4        #  RI of AlGaAs..\n",


-      "phi1 = 80       #  Angle of Incidence..\n",


-      " #  According to Snell's law...\n",


-      " #  n1*sin(phi1)= n2*sin(phi2) \n",


-      " # At critical angle phi2 = 90...\n",


-      "phiC = math.asin((n2/n1)*sin(math.radians(90)) )\n",


-      "print \" The Critical angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2)  \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Critical angel in degrees = 70.81\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 97


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.1:Pg-1.22"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.5      #  RI of medium 1\n",


-      "n2 =1.45     #  RI of medium 2\n",


-      "\n",


-      "delt= (n1-n2)/n1 \n",


-      "NA = n1*(math.sqrt(2*delt)) \n",


-      "print \" The Numerical aperture  =\",round(NA,2)\n",


-      "phiA = math.asin(NA) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Acceptance angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiC = math.asin(n2/n1) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Critical angel in degrees =\",round(degrees(phiC),2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical aperture  = 0.39\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Acceptance angel in degrees = 22.79\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Critical angel in degrees = 75.16\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 100


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.2:Pg-1.23"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.5  #  RI of core\n",


-      "n2 = 1.48    #  RI of cladding..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt((n1**2)-(n2**2)) \n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture   =\",round(NA,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiA = math.asin(NA) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Critical angel   =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture   = 0.24\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Critical angel   = 14.13\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 101


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.3:Pg-1.23"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      " \n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = 0.35           # Numerical Aperture\n",


-      "delt = 0.01 \n",


-      " # NA= n1*(math.sqrt(2*delt)      n1 is RI of core\n",


-      "n1 = 0.35/(math.sqrt(2*delt)) \n",


-      "print \"The RI of core  =\",round(n1,4) \n",


-      "\n",


-      " #  Numerical Aperture is also given by \n",


-      " #  NA = math.sqrt(n1**2 - n2**2)    #  n2 is RI of cladding\n",


-      "n2 = math.sqrt((n1**2-NA**2)) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe RI of Cladding =\",round(n2,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The RI of core  = 2.4749\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The RI of Cladding = 2.45\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 104


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.4:Pg-1.24"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Vc = 2.01*10**8        #  velocity of light in core in m/sec...\n",


-      "phiC= 80.0             #  Critical angle in degrees...\n",


-      "\n",


-      " #  RI of Core (n1) is given by (Velocity of light in air/ velocity of light in air)...\n",


-      "n1= 3*10**8/Vc \n",


-      " #  From critical angle and the value of n1 we calculate n2...\n",


-      "n2 = sin(math.radians(phiC))*n1   #  RI of cladding...\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2) \n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture  =\",round(NA,2) \n",


-      "phiA = math.asin(NA)            #  Acceptance angle...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Acceptance angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture  = 0.26\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Acceptance angel in degrees = 15.02\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 106


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.5:Pg-1.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1 = 1.4         # RI of Core..\n",


-      "n2 = 1.35        # RI of Cladding\n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiC = math.asin(n2/n1)             # Critical angle..\n",


-      "print \" The Critical angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)         #  numerical Aperture...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Numerical Aperture is  =\",round(NA,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiA = math.asin(NA)         #  Acceptance angle...  \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Acceptance angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Critical angel in degrees = 74.64\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Numerical Aperture is  = 0.37\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Acceptance angel in degrees = 21.77\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 107


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.6:Pg-1.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1 = 1.48        #  RI of core..\n",


-      "n2 = 1.46        #  RI of Cladding..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)         # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture is =\",round(NA,3) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "theta = math.pi*NA**2         #  The entrance angle theta..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Entrance angel in degrees =\",round(theta,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture is = 0.242\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Entrance angel in degrees = 0.185\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 110


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.7:Pg-1.26"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      "\n",


-      "delt = 0.007          #  relative refractive index difference \n",


-      "n1 = 1.45        #  RI of core...\n",


-      "NA = n1* math.sqrt((2*delt)) \n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture is   =\",round(NA,4) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture is   = 0.1716\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 112


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.9.8:Pg-1.26"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " #  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiA = 8         #  accepatance angle in degrees...\n",


-      "n1 =1.52         # RI of core...\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = sin(math.radians(phiA))          # Numerical Aperture...\n",


-      "\n",


-      "delt = NA**2/(2*(n1**2))        # Relative RI difference...\n",


-      "print \" The relative refractive index difference  =\",round(delt,5) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The relative refractive index difference  = 0.00419\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 114


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "\n",


-      "Ex1.9.9:Pg-1.27"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "delt = 0.01       #  relative RI difference..\n",


-      "n1 = 1.48        #  RI of core...\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = n1*(math.sqrt(2*delt))        # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture =\",round(NA,3) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "theta = math.pi*NA**2         # Solid Acceptance angle...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Solid Acceptance angel in degrees =\",round(theta,4) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "n2 = (1-delt)*n1 \n",


-      "phiC = math.asin(n2/n1)          # Critical Angle...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Critical angel in degrees =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nCritical angle wrong due to rounding off errors in trignometric functions..\\n Actual value is 90.98 in book.\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture = 0.209\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Solid Acceptance angel in degrees = 0.1376\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Critical angel in degrees = 81.89\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Critical angle wrong due to rounding off errors in trignometric functions..\n",


-        " Actual value is 90.98 in book.\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 3


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.1:Pg-1.41"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "d = 50*10**-6         #  diameter of fibre...\n",


-      "n1 = 1.48        # RI of core..\n",


-      "n2 = 1.46        # RI of cladding..\n",


-      "lamda = 0.82*10**-6       # wavelength of light..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)        #  Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "Vn= math.pi*d*NA/lamda       # normalised frequency...\n",


-      "M = Vn**2/2       #  number of modes...\n",


-      "print \"  The number of modes in the fibre are  =\",int(M) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "  The number of modes in the fibre are  = 1078\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 4


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.2:Pg-1.42"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      " \n",


-      "V = 26.6        # Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "lamda = 1300*10**-9       # wavelenght of operation\n",


-      "a = 25*10**-6         #  radius of fibre.\n",


-      "NA = V*lamda/(2*math.pi*a)       # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture  =\",round(NA,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture  = 0.22\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 5


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.3:Pg-1.43"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "a = 40*10**-6   # radius of core...\n",


-      "delt = 0.015      # relative RI difference..\n",


-      "lamda= 0.85*10**-6        # wavelength of operation..\n",


-      "n1=1.48          # RI of core..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = n1*math.sqrt(2*delt)      # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \"  The Numerical Aperture =\", round(NA,4) \n",


-      "V = 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda     # normalised frequency\n",


-      "print \"  \\n\\nThe Normalised frequency  =\",round(V,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "M = V**2/2        # number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre are   =\",int(M) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "  The Numerical Aperture = 0.2563\n",


-        "  \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Normalised frequency  = 75.8\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre are   = 2872\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 7


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.4:Pg-1.43"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = 0.20        # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "M = 1000     # number of modes..\n",


-      "lamda = 850*10**-9   #  wavelength of operation..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "a = math.sqrt(M*2*lamda**2/(math.pi**2*NA**2))   #  radius of core..\n",


-      "a=a*10**6   # converting in um for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The radius of the core in um =\",round(a,2) \n",


-      "a=a*10**-6 \n",


-      "M1= ((math.pi*a*NA/(1320*10**-9))**2)/2\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1320um  =\",int(M1) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um is calculated wrongly in book\" \n",


-      "M2= ((math.pi*a*NA/(1550*10**-9))**2)/2\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1550um  =\",int(M2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The radius of the core in um = 60.5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um  = 414\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um is calculated wrongly in book\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre at 1550um  = 300\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 11


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.5:Pg-1.44"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "NA = 0.2     # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "n2= 1.59    #  RI of cladding..\n",


-      "n0= 1.33   #    RI of water..\n",


-      "lamda =  1300*10**-9        #  wavelength..\n",


-      "a = 25*10**-6     #  radius of core..\n",


-      "n1 = math.sqrt(NA**2+n2**2)     # RI of core..\n",


-      "phiA= math.asin(math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)/n0)       # Acceptance angle..\n",


-      "print \" The Acceptance angle is  =\",round(math.degrees(phiA),2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "phiC= math.asin(n2/n1)   #  Critical angle..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe critical angle is   =\",round(math.degrees(phiC),2) \n",


-      "V = 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda     #  normalisd frequency\n",


-      "M= V**2/2         # number of modes\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre are  =\",int(M) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***The value of the angle differ from the book because of round off errors.\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Acceptance angle is  = 8.65\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The critical angle is   = 82.83\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre are  = 292\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***The value of the angle differ from the book because of round off errors.\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 13


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.6:Pg-1.46"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "V= 26.6      #  Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "lamda= 1300*10**-9         # wavelength of operation..\n",


-      "a= 25*10**-6      #  radius of core..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA = V*lamda/(2*math.pi*a)       # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture =\",round(NA,2) \n",


-      "theta = math.pi*NA**2         # solid Acceptance Angle..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe solid acceptance angle in radians =\",round(theta,3) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "M= V**2/2         # number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre  =\",round(M,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture = 0.22\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The solid acceptance angle in radians = 0.152\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre  = 353.78\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 15


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.7:Pg-1.47"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.49   #     RI of core.\n",


-      "n2=1.47         # RI of cladding..\n",


-      "a= 2       # radius of core in um..\n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)      #  Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      " #  The maximum V number for single mode operation is 2.4...\n",


-      "V= 2.4       # Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda = 2*math.pi*a*NA/V         #  Cutoff wavelength...\n",


-      "print \" The cutoff wavelength in um =\",round(lamda,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda1 = 1.310   #  Givenn cutoff wavelength in um..\n",


-      "d= V*lamda1/(math.pi*NA)        #  core diameter..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe core diameter in um =\",round(d,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The cutoff wavelength in um = 1.27\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The core diameter in um = 4.11\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 16


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.8:Pg-1.47"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " # Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.48    # RI of core..\n",


-      "a= 4.5      # core radius in um..\n",


-      "delt= 0.0025      # Relative RI difference..\n",


-      "V= 2.405         # For step index fibre..\n",


-      "lamda= (2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt))/V        # cutoff wavelength..\n",


-      "print \" The cutoff wavelength in um  =\",round(lamda,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The cutoff wavelength in um  = 1.23\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 18


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.9:Pg-1.48"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      " \n",


-      "lamda= 0.82*10**-6        # wavelength ofoperation.\n",


-      "a= 2.5*10**-6         # Radius of core..\n",


-      "n1= 1.48         # RI of core..\n",


-      "n2= 1.46     # RI of cladding\n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)          # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "V= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda          # Normalisd frequency..\n",


-      "print \" The normalised frequency =\",round(V,3) \n",


-      "M= V**2/2     # The number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre are =\",round(M,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The normalised frequency = 4.645\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre are = 10.79\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 21


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.10:Pg-1.49"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " # Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "delt= 0.01        # Relative RI difference..\n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "M= 1100          # Number of modes...\n",


-      "lamda= 1.3       # wavelength of operation in um..\n",


-      "V= math.sqrt(2*M)         # Normalised frequency...\n",


-      "d= V*lamda/(math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt))      # diameter of core..\n",


-      "print \" The diameter of the core in um =\",round(d,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The diameter of the core in um = 91.5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 22


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.11:Pg-1.50"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n1= 1.5      #  RI of core..\n",


-      "n2= 1.38     # RI of cladding..\n",


-      "a= 25*10**-6      # radius of core..\n",


-      "lamda= 1300*10**-9       #  wavelength of operation...\n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)      # Numerical Aperture..\n",


-      "print \" The Numerical Aperture of the given fibre  =\",round(NA,4) \n",


-      "V= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda      # Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe normalised frequency  =\",round(V,2) \n",


-      "theta= math.asin(NA)         # Solid acceptance anglr..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Solid acceptance angle in degrees =\",int(math.degrees(theta)) \n",


-      "M= V**2/2         # Number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre are =\",int(M) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***Number of modes wrongly calculated in the book..\"\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Numerical Aperture of the given fibre  = 0.5879\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The normalised frequency  = 71.03\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Solid acceptance angle in degrees = 36\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre are = 2522\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***Number of modes wrongly calculated in the book..\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 25


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.14.12:Pg-1.51"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda= 850*10**-9         # wavelength of operation.\n",


-      "a= 25*10**-6          # Radius of core\n",


-      "n1= 1.48         # RI of Core...\n",


-      "n2= 1.46         # RI of cladding..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)      # Numerical Aperture\n",


-      "\n",


-      "V= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda      # Normalised frequency..\n",


-      "print \" The normalised frequency  =\",round(V,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda1= 1320*10**-9       #  wavelength changed...\n",


-      "V1= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda1    # Normalised frequency at new wavelength..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "M= V1**2/2        # Number of modes at new wavelength..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1320um =\",int(M) \n",


-      "lamda2= 1550*10**-9       # wavelength 2...\n",


-      "V2= 2*math.pi*a*NA/lamda2    # New normalised frequency..\n",


-      "M1= V2**2/2   #  number of modes..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe number of modes in the fibre at 1550um  =\",int(M1 )\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The normalised frequency  = 44.81\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre at 1320um = 416\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The number of modes in the fibre at 1550um  = 301\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 26


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.15.1:Pg-1.56"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.48         # RI of core..\n",


-      "delt= 0.015       # relative RI differencr..\n",


-      "lamda= 0.85    # wavelength of operation..\n",


-      "V= 2.4   #  for single mode of operation..\n",


-      "\n",


-      "a= V*lamda/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt))    # radius of core..\n",


-      "print \" The raduis of core in um =\",round(a,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe maximum possible core diameter in um =\",round(2*a,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The raduis of core in um = 1.27\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The maximum possible core diameter in um = 2.53\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 27


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.15.2:Pg-1.56"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " # Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.5      # RI of core..\n",


-      "delt= 0.01     # Relative RI difference...\n",


-      "lamda= 1.3     # Wavelength of operation...\n",


-      "V= 2.4*math.sqrt(2)   #  Maximum value of V for GRIN...\n",


-      "a= V*lamda/(2*math.pi*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt))    # radius of core..\n",


-      "print \" The radius of core in um =\",round(a,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe maximum possible core diameter in um =\",round(2*a,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The radius of core in um = 3.31\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The maximum possible core diameter in um = 6.62\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 28


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex1.15.3:Pg-1.56"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.46         # RI of core..\n",


-      "a = 4.5      # radius of core in um..\n",


-      "delt= 0.0025      # relative RI difference..\n",


-      "V= 2.405     #  Normalisd frequency for single mode..\n",


-      "lamda= 2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delt)/V      # cutoff wavelength...\n",


-      "print \" The cut off wavelength for the given fibre in um =\",round(lamda,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The cut off wavelength for the given fibre in um = 1.214\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 31


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter2.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter2.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 46a8893c..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter2.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,945 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:211878047ac07bbe36923a59422db9a2025fd46f216dee8cd476326a7778bb6a"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter02: Optical Fiber for Telecommunication"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      " Ex2.2.1:Pg-2.4"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#  Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "alpha= 3     #  average loss     Power decreases by 50% so P(0)/P(z)= 0.5\n",


-      "lamda= 900*10**-9     # wavelength\n",


-      "z= 10*math.log10(0.5)/alpha     # z is the length\n",


-      "z= z*-1 \n",


-      "print \" The length over which power decreases by 50% in Kms= \",round(z,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "z1= 10*math.log10(0.25)/alpha       # Power decreases by 75% so P(0)/P(z)= 0.25\n",


-      "z1=z1*-1     # as distance cannot be negative...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe length over which power decreases by 75% in Kms= \",round(z1,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The length over which power decreases by 50% in Kms=  1.0\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The length over which power decreases by 75% in Kms=  2.01\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 4


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.2:Pg-2.5"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "z=30.0     # Length of the fibre in kms\n",


-      "alpha= 0.8    # in dB\n",


-      "P0= 200.0      # Power launched in uW\n",


-      "pz= P0/10**(alpha*z/10)      \n",


-      "print \" The output power in  uW =\",round(pz,4) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The output power in  uW = 0.7962\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 7


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.3:Pg-2.6"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math \n",


-      "\n",


-      "z=8.0      # fibre length\n",


-      "p0= 120*10**-6    # power launched\n",


-      "pz= 3*10**-6 \n",


-      "alpha= 10*math.log10(p0/pz)   #  overall attenuation\n",


-      "print \" The overall attenuation in dB =\",round(alpha,2) \n",


-      "alpha = alpha/z      #  attenuation per km\n",


-      "alpha_new= alpha *10     #  attenuation for 10kms\n",


-      "total_attenuation = alpha_new + 9    # 9dB because of splices\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe total attenuation in dB =\",int(total_attenuation) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The overall attenuation in dB = 16.02\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The total attenuation in dB = 29\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 9


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.4:Pg-2.6"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " # Given\n",


-      " \n",


-      "z=12.0     # fibre length\n",


-      "alpha = 1.5 \n",


-      "p0= 0.3 \n",


-      "pz= p0/10**(alpha*z/10) \n",


-      "pz=pz*1000    # formatting pz in nano watts...\n",


-      "print \" The power at the output of the cable in W = \",round(pz,2),\"x 10^-9\" \n",


-      "alpha_new= 2.5 \n",


-      "pz=pz/1000   # pz in uWatts...\n",


-      "p0_new= 10**(alpha_new*z/10)*pz \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Input power in uW= \",round(p0_new,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The power at the output of the cable in W =  4.75 x 10^-9\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Input power in uW=  4.75\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 16


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.5:Pg-2.7"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "p0=150*10**-6      # power input\n",


-      "z= 10.0    # fibre length in km\n",


-      "pz= -38.2   #  in dBm...\n",


-      "pz= 10**(pz/10)*1*10**-3 \n",


-      "alpha_1= 10/z *math.log10(p0/pz)          # attenuation in 1st window\n",


-      "print \" Attenuation is 1st window in dB/Km =\",round(alpha_1,2) \n",


-      "alpha_2= 10/z *math.log10(p0/(47.5*10**-6))          # attenuation in 2nd window\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nAttenuation is 2nd window in dB/Km =\",round(alpha_2,2) \n",


-      "alpha_3= 10/z *math.log10(p0/(75*10**-6))          # attenuation in 3rd window\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nAttenuation is 3rd window in dB/Km =\",round(alpha_3,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Attenuation is 1st window in dB/Km = 3.0\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Attenuation is 2nd window in dB/Km = 0.5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Attenuation is 3rd window in dB/Km = 0.3\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 18


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "\n",


-      "Ex2.2.6:Pg-2.8"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "p0=3*10**-3 \n",


-      "pz=3*10**-6 \n",


-      "alpha= 0.5 \n",


-      "z= math.log10(p0/pz)/(alpha/10) \n",


-      "print \" The Length of the fibre in Km =\",int(z)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Length of the fibre in Km = 60\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 20


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.7:Pg-2.9"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "z= 10.0 \n",


-      "p0= 100*10**-6    #  input power\n",


-      "pz=5*10**-6       # output power\n",


-      "alpha = 10*math.log10(p0/pz)      # total attenuation\n",


-      "print \" The overall signal attenuation in dB = \",round(alpha,2) \n",


-      "alpha = alpha/z      #  attenuation per km\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe attenuation per Km in dB/Km = \",round(alpha,2)\n",


-      "z_new = 12.0 \n",


-      "splice_attenuation = 11*0.5 \n",


-      "cable_attenuation = alpha*z_new \n",


-      "total_attenuation = splice_attenuation+cable_attenuation \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe overall signal attenuation for 12Kms in dB = \",round(total_attenuation,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The overall signal attenuation in dB =  13.01\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The attenuation per Km in dB/Km =  1.3\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The overall signal attenuation for 12Kms in dB =  21.1\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 22


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.2.8:Pg-2.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Tf = 1400.0     # fictive temperature\n",


-      "BETA = 7*10**-11 \n",


-      "n= 1.46         # RI \n",


-      "p= 0.286     # photo elastic constant\n",


-      "Kb = 1.381*10**-23       # Boltzmann's constant\n",


-      "lamda = 850*10**-9    # wavelength\n",


-      "alpha_scat = 8*math.pi**3*n**8*p**2*Kb*Tf*BETA/(3*lamda**4) \n",


-      "l= 1000      # fibre length\n",


-      "TL = exp(-alpha_scat*l)    # transmission loss\n",


-      "attenuation = 10*math.log10(1/TL) \n",


-      "print \" The attenuation in dB/Km =\",round(attenuation,3)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The attenuation in dB/Km = 1.572\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 25


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.3.1:Pg-2.20"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "alpha = 2 \n",


-      "n1= 1.5  \n",


-      "a= 25*10**-6 \n",


-      "lamda= 1.3*10**-6 \n",


-      "M= 0.5 \n",


-      "NA= math.sqrt(0.5*2*1.3**2/(math.pi**2*25**2)) \n",


-      "Rc= 3*n1**2*lamda/(4*math.pi*NA**3) \n",


-      "Rc=Rc*1000   #  converting into um.....\n",


-      "print \" The radius of curvature in um =\",round(Rc,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The radius of curvature in um = 153.98\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 28


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.5.1:Pg-2.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "lamda = 850 *10**-9 \n",


-      "sigma= 45*10**-9 \n",


-      "L= 1 \n",


-      "M= 0.025/(3*10**5*lamda) \n",


-      "sigma_m= sigma*L*M \n",


-      "sigma_m= sigma_m*10**9   #  formatting in ns/km....\n",


-      "print \" The Pulse spreading in ns/Km =\",round(sigma_m,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nNOTE*** - The answer in text book is wrongly calculated..\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Pulse spreading in ns/Km = 4.41\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "NOTE*** - The answer in text book is wrongly calculated..\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 30


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.5.2:Pg-2.26"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda= 2*10**-9 \n",


-      "sigma = 75 \n",


-      "D_mat= 0.03/(3*10**5*2) \n",


-      "sigma_m= 2*1*D_mat \n",


-      "sigma_m=sigma_m*10**9   # Fornamtting in ns/Km\n",


-      "print \" The Pulse spreading in ns/Km =\",int(sigma_m)\n",


-      "D_mat_led= 0.025/(3*10**5*1550) \n",


-      "sigma_m_led = 75*1*D_mat_led*10**9   # in ns/Km\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Pulse spreading foe LED is ns/Km =\",round(sigma_m_led,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Pulse spreading in ns/Km = 100\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Pulse spreading foe LED is ns/Km = 4.03\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 31


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.5.3:Pg-2.26"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda = 850 \n",


-      "sigma= 20 \n",


-      "D_mat = 0.055/(3*10**5*lamda) \n",


-      "sigma_m= sigma*1*D_mat \n",


-      "D_mat=D_mat*10**12   #  in Ps...\n",


-      "sigma_m=sigma_m*10**9   # in ns #  # \n",


-      "print \" The material Dispersion in Ps/nm-Km =\",round(D_mat,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Pulse spreading in ns/Km =\",round(sigma_m,4) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The material Dispersion in Ps/nm-Km = 215.69\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Pulse spreading in ns/Km = 4.3137\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 34


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.5.4:Pg-2.30"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "n2= 1.48  \n",


-      "dele = 0.2 \n",


-      "lamda = 1320 \n",


-      "Dw = -n2*dele*0.26/(3*10**5*lamda) \n",


-      "Dw=Dw*10**10   # converting in math.picosecs....\n",


-      "print \" The waveguide dispersion in math.picosec/nm.Km =\",round(Dw,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The waveguide dispersion in math.picosec/nm.Km = -1.943\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 37


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.1:Pg-2.34"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "L= 12 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t) \n",


-      "B_opt=B_opt/1000000   # converting from Hz to MHz\n",


-      "print \" The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "dele= t/L     # Pulse broadening\n",


-      "dele=dele*10**9   #  converting in ns...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe pulse broadening per unit length in ns/Km =\",round(dele,2) \n",


-      "BLP= B_opt*L   # BW length product\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Bandwidth-Length Product in MHz.Km =\",int(BLP) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. = 5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The pulse broadening per unit length in ns/Km = 8.33\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Bandwidth-Length Product in MHz.Km = 60\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 38


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.2:Pg-2.34"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "L= 10.0 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t) \n",


-      "B_opt=B_opt/1000000   # converting from Hz to MHz\n",


-      "print \" The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "dele= t/L \n",


-      "dele=dele/10**-6   # converting in us...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe dispersion per unit length in us/Km =\",round(dele,2) \n",


-      "BLP= B_opt*L \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Bandwidth-Length product in MHz.Km =\",int(BLP) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. = 5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The dispersion per unit length in us/Km = 0.01\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Bandwidth-Length product in MHz.Km = 50\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 40


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.3:Pg-2.35"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "L=15 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t) \n",


-      "B_opt=B_opt/1000000   # converting from Hz to MHz\n",


-      "print \" The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "dele= t/L*10**9   # in ns...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe dispersion per unit length in ns/Km =\",round(dele,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum optical bandwidth in MHz. = 5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The dispersion per unit length in ns/Km = 6.67\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 42


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.4:Pg-2.35"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "lamda = 0.85*10**-6 \n",


-      "rms_spect_width = 0.0012*lamda \n",


-      "sigma_m= rms_spect_width*1*98.1*10**-3 \n",


-      "sigma_m=sigma_m*10**9   #  converting in ns...\n",


-      "print \" The Pulse Broadening due to material dispersion in ns/Km =\",round(sigma_m,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Pulse Broadening due to material dispersion in ns/Km = 0.1\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 43


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.5:Pg-2.35"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "L= 5.0   # in KM\n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "dele= 0.01 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8   #  in m/s\n",


-      "delta_t = (L*n1*dele)/c \n",


-      "delta_t=delta_t*10**12   # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" The delay difference in ns =\",round(delta_t,1)\n",


-      "sigma= L*n1*dele/(2*math.sqrt(3)*c) \n",


-      "sigma=sigma*10**12   # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe r.m.s pulse broadening in ns =\",round(sigma,2) \n",


-      "B= 0.2/sigma*1000   # in Mz\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe maximum bit rate in MBits/sec =\",round(B,2) \n",


-      "BLP = B*5 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Bandwidth-Length in MHz.Km =\",round(BLP,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The delay difference in ns = 250.0\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The r.m.s pulse broadening in ns = 72.17\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The maximum bit rate in MBits/sec = 2.77\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Bandwidth-Length in MHz.Km = 13.86\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 47


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.6.6:Pg-2.36"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "del_t_inter = 5*1 \n",


-      "del_t_intra = 50*80*1 \n",


-      "total_dispersion = math.sqrt(5**2 + 0.4**2) \n",


-      "print \" Total dispersion in ns =\",round(total_dispersion,3) "


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Total dispersion in ns = 5.016\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 49


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.1:Pg-2.37"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "L=15 \n",


-      "dele= t/L*10**9    # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" The Pulse Dispersion in ns =\",round(dele,2) \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t)/10**6   # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "BLP = B_opt*L \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe BandwidthLength product in MHz.Km =\",int(BLP) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Pulse Dispersion in ns = 6.67\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz = 5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The BandwidthLength product in MHz.Km = 75\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 51


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.2:Pg-2.38"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "L= 6 \n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "delt= 0.01 \n",


-      "delta_t = L*n1*delt/(3*10**8)*10**12   # convertin to nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" The delay difference in ns =\",int(delta_t) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The delay difference in ns = 300\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 52


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.3:Pg-2.39"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Lb= 0.09 \n",


-      "lamda= 1.55*10**-6 \n",


-      "delta_lamda = 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "Bf= lamda/Lb \n",


-      "Lbc= lamda**2/(Bf*delta_lamda) \n",


-      "print \" The modal Bifriengence in meters  =\",round(Lbc,2) \n",


-      "beta_xy= 2*math.pi/Lb \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe difference between propogation constants  =\",round(beta_xy,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The modal Bifriengence in meters  = 139.5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The difference between propogation constants  = 69.81\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 53


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.4:Pg-2.39"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t)/1000000 \n",


-      "print \" The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz =\",int(B_opt) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz = 5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 54


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex2.7.5:Pg-2.40"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "t= 0.1*10**-6 \n",


-      "B_opt= 1/(2*t)/1000000 \n",


-      "print \" The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz =\",int(B_opt) \n",


-      "\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum possible Bandwidth in MHz = 5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 55


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter3.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter3.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 1e7a6431..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter3.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,826 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:1c5868fa547e8a659e03148d4a7bf0c9a34282713a490e0b68c5b0aa98a2f7e8"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter03:Optical Sources and Transmitters"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.1:Pg-3.10"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "x= 0.07 \n",


-      "Eg= 1.424+1.266*x+0.266*x**2 \n",


-      "lamda= 1.24/Eg \n",


-      "print \" The emitted wavelength in um =\",round(lamda,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The emitted wavelength in um = 0.82\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 6


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.2:Pg-3.10"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "x= 0.26 \n",


-      "y=0.57 \n",


-      "Eg= 1.35-0.72*y+0.12*y**2 \n",


-      "lamda = 1.24/Eg \n",


-      "print \" The wavelength emitted in um =\",round(lamda,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The wavelength emitted in um = 1.27\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 7


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.3:Pg-3.12"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Tr = 60*10**-9    # radiative recombination time\n",


-      "Tnr= 90*10**-9    # non radiative recomb time\n",


-      "I= 40*10**-3      # current\n",


-      "t = Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr)      # total recomb time\n",


-      "t=t*10**9     # Converting in nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" The total carrier recombination life time in ns =\",int(t) \n",


-      "t=t/10**9 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34      # plancks const\n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "q=1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "lamda= 0.87*10**-6 \n",


-      "Pint=(t/Tr)*((h*c*I)/(q*lamda)) \n",


-      "Pint=Pint*1000   # converting inmW...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Internal optical power in mW =\",round(Pint,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The total carrier recombination life time in ns = 36\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Internal optical power in mW = 34.22\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 8


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.4:Pg-3.13"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "lamda = 1310*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tr= 30*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tnr= 100*10**-9 \n",


-      "I= 40*10**-3 \n",


-      "t= Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr) \n",


-      "t=t*10**9    # converting in nano secs...\n",


-      "print \" Bulk recombination life time in ns =\",round(t,2) \n",


-      "t=t/10**9 \n",


-      "n= t/Tr \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nInternal quantum efficiency =\",round(n,3) \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34      # plancks const\n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "q=1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "Pint=(0.769*h*c*I)/(q*lamda)*1000 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe internal power level in mW =\",round(Pint,3) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE: Internal Power wrong in text book.. Calculation Error..\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Bulk recombination life time in ns = 23.08\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Internal quantum efficiency = 0.769\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The internal power level in mW = 29.131\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE: Internal Power wrong in text book.. Calculation Error..\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 9


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.5:Pg-3.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "nx= 3.6 \n",


-      "TF= 0.68 \n",


-      "n= 0.3 \n",


-      " # Pe=Pint*TF*1/(4*nx**2) \n",


-      " # ne= Pe/Px*100     ..eq0\n",


-      " # Pe = 0.013*Pint      # Eq 1\n",


-      " # Pint = n*P     # Eq 2\n",


-      " # substitute eq2 and eq1 in eq0\n",


-      "ne = 0.013*0.3*100 \n",


-      "print \" The external Power efficiency in % =\",round(ne,3) \n",


-      " #  Wrongly printed in textbook. it should be P instead of Pint in last step\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The external Power efficiency in % = 0.39\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 11


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.6:Pg-3.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda= 0.85*10**-6 \n",


-      "Nint = 0.60 \n",


-      "I= 20*10**-3 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34      # plancks const\n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "e=1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "Pint = Nint*h*c*I/(e*lamda) \n",


-      "print \" The optical power emitted in W =\",round(Pint,4) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "TF= 0.68 \n",


-      "nx= 3.6 \n",


-      "Pe= Pint*TF/(4*nx**2)*1000000 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nPower emitted in the air in uW =\",round(Pe,1) \n",


-      "Pe=Pe/1000000 \n",


-      "Nep=Pe/Pint*100 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nExternal power efficiency in % =\",round(Nep,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The optical power emitted in W = 0.0175\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Power emitted in the air in uW = 229.7\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "External power efficiency in % = 1.3\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 12


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.7:Pg-3.16"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda = 0.87*10**-6 \n",


-      "Tr= 50*10**-9 \n",


-      "I= 0.04 \n",


-      "Tnr= 110*10**-9 \n",


-      "t= Tr*Tnr/(Tr+Tnr) \n",


-      "t=t*10**9    # converting in ns...\n",


-      "print \" Total carrier recombination life time in ns =\",round(t,2) \n",


-      "t=t/10**9 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34      # plancks const\n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "q=1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "n= t/Tr \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe efficiency in % \",round(n,3) \n",


-      "Pint=(n*h*c*I)/(q*lamda)*1000 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nInternal power generated in mW =\",round(Pint,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE- Internal Power wrong in book... \"\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Total carrier recombination life time in ns = 34.38\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The efficiency in %  0.688\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Internal power generated in mW = 39.22\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE- Internal Power wrong in book... \n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 15


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.2.8:Pg-3.16"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      " \n",


-      "\n",


-      "V= 2 \n",


-      "I= 100*10**-3 \n",


-      "Pc= 2*10**-3 \n",


-      "P= V*I \n",


-      "Npc= Pc/P*100 \n",


-      "print \" The overall power conversion efficiency in % =\",int(Npc) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The overall power conversion efficiency in % = 1\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 16


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.1:Pg-3.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "r1= 0.32 \n",


-      "r2= 0.32 \n",


-      "alpha= 10 \n",


-      "L= 500*10**-4 \n",


-      "temp=math.log(1/(r1*r2)) \n",


-      "Tgth = alpha + (temp/(2*L)) \n",


-      "print \" The optical gain at threshold in /cm =\",round(Tgth,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The optical gain at threshold in /cm = 32.79\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 17


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.2:Pg-3.27"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n= 3.7 \n",


-      "lamda = 950*10**-9 \n",


-      "L= 500*10**-6 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "DELv = c/(2*L*n)*10*10**-10   # converting in GHz...\n",


-      "print \" The frequency spacing in GHz =\",int(DELv) \n",


-      "DEL_lamda= lamda**2/(2*L*n)*10**9   # converting to nm..\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe wavelength spacing in nm =\",round(DEL_lamda,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE- The value of wavelength taken wrongly in book\" \n",


-      " #  value of lamda taken wrongly while soving for DEL_LAMDA inthe book..\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The frequency spacing in GHz = 81\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The wavelength spacing in nm = 0.24\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE- The value of wavelength taken wrongly in book\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 18


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.3:Pg-3.30"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      " #Given\n",


-      " \n",


-      "L= 0.04 \n",


-      "n= 1.78 \n",


-      "lamda= 0.55*10**-6 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "q= 2*n*L/lamda \n",


-      "q=q/10**5 \n",


-      "print \" Number of longitudinal modes  =\",round(q,2),\"x 10^5\" \n",


-      "del_f= c/(2*n*L) \n",


-      "del_f=del_f*10**-9 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe frequency seperation in GHz =\",round(del_f,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Number of longitudinal modes  = 2.59 x 10^5\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The frequency seperation in GHz = 2.1\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 20


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.4:Pg-3.33"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Nt= 0.18 \n",


-      "V= 2.5 \n",


-      "Eg= 1.43 \n",


-      "Nep= Nt*Eg*100/V \n",


-      "print \" The total efficiency in % =\",round(Nep,3) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The total efficiency in % = 10.296\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 22


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.5:Pg-3.33"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n= 3.6 \n",


-      "BETA= 21*10**-3 \n",


-      "alpha= 10 \n",


-      "L= 250*10**-4 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "r= (n-1)**2/(n+1)**2 \n",


-      "Jth= 1/BETA *( alpha + (math.log(1/r)/L)) \n",


-      "Jth=Jth/1000   # converting for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The threshold current density =\",round(Jth,3),\"x 10**3\" \n",


-      "Jth=Jth*1000 \n",


-      "Ith  =Jth*250*100*10**-8 \n",


-      "Ith=Ith*1000   # converting into mA...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe threshold current in mA =\",round(Ith,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The threshold current density = 2.65 x 10**3\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The threshold current in mA = 662.4\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 24


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.3.6:Pg-3.34"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "T= 305.0 \n",


-      "T0 = 160.0 \n",


-      "T1= 373.0\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Jth_32 = exp(T/T0) \n",


-      "Jth_100 = exp(T1/T0) \n",


-      "R_j = Jth_100/Jth_32 \n",


-      "print \" Ratio of current densities at 160K is =\",round(R_j,2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE- Wrong in book...\\nJth(100) calculated wrongly...\" \n",


-      "To = 55 \n",


-      "Jth_32_new = exp(T/To) \n",


-      "Jth_100_new = exp(T1/To) \n",


-      "R_j_new = Jth_100_new/Jth_32_new \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nRatio of current densities at 55K is  \",round(R_j_new,2) \n",


-      " # wrong in book...\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Ratio of current densities at 160K is = 1.53\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE- Wrong in book...\n",


-        "Jth(100) calculated wrongly...\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Ratio of current densities at 55K is   3.44\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 26


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.1:Pg-3.42"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Bo= 150 \n",


-      "rs= 35*10**-4 \n",


-      "a1= 25*10**-6 \n",


-      "NA= 0.20 \n",


-      "a2= 50*10**-6 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "Pled = (a1/rs)**2 * (math.pi**2*rs**2*Bo*NA**2) \n",


-      "Pled=Pled*10**10   # converting in uW...\n",


-      "print \" The power coupled inthe fibre in uW =\",int(Pled) \n",


-      "Pled_new = (math.pi**2*rs**2*Bo*NA**2) \n",


-      "Pled_new=Pled_new*10**6   # converting in uW...\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Power coupled for case 2 in uW =\",round(Pled_new,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The power coupled inthe fibre in uW = 370\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Power coupled for case 2 in uW = 725.42\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 27


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.2:Pg-3.43"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "n= 1.48 \n",


-      "n1= 3.6 \n",


-      "R= (n1-n)**2/(n1+n)**2 \n",


-      "print \" The Fresnel Reflection is  \",round(R,4) \n",


-      "L= -10*math.log10(1-R) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nPower loss in dB =\",round(L,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Fresnel Reflection is   0.1742\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Power loss in dB = 0.83\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 28


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.3:Pg-3.44"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "NA= 0.20 \n",


-      "Bo= 150 \n",


-      "rs= 35*10**-6 \n",


-      "Pled = math.pi**2*rs**2*Bo*NA**2 \n",


-      "Pled=Pled*10**10   # convertin in uW for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The optical power coupled in uW =\",round(Pled,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The optical power coupled in uW = 725.42\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 29


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.4:Pg-3.44"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "n=1 \n",


-      "R= (n1-n)**2/(n1+n)**2 \n",


-      "L= -10*math.log10(1-R) \n",


-      " # Total loss is twice due to reflection\n",


-      "L= L+L \n",


-      "print \" Total loss due to Fresnel Reflection in dB =\",round(L,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Total loss due to Fresnel Reflection in dB = 0.35\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 30


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex3.4.5:Pg-3.51"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      " \n",


-      "n1= 1.5 \n",


-      "n=1.0 \n",


-      "y=5.0 \n",


-      "a= 25.0 \n",


-      "temp1=(1-(y/(2*a)**2))**0.5 \n",


-      "temp1=temp1*(y/a) \n",


-      "temp=2*math.acos(0.9996708)  #  it should be acos(0.1) actually... due to approximations\n",


-      "    \n",


-      "    #  answer varies a lot... \n",


-      "temp=math.degrees(temp)-temp1 \n",


-      " # temp=temp \n",


-      "tem= 16*(1.5**2)/(2.5**4) \n",


-      "tem=tem/math.pi \n",


-      "temp=temp*tem \n",


-      "Nlat= temp \n",


-      "print \" The Coupling efficiency is =\",round(Nlat,3) \n",


-      "L= -10*math.log10(Nlat) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe insertion loss in dB =\",round(L,2) \n",


-      "temp1=(1-(y/(2*a)**2))**0.5 \n",


-      "temp1=temp1*(y/a) \n",


-      "temp=2*math.acos(0.9996708)  #  it should be acos(0.1) actually... due to approximations\n",


-      "    #  answer varies a lot... \n",


-      "temp=math.degrees(temp)-temp1 \n",


-      "temp=temp/math.pi \n",


-      "N_new =temp  \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nEfficiency when joint index is matched =\",round(N_new,3) \n",


-      "L_new= -10*math.log10(N_new) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe new insertion loss in dB =\",round(L_new,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Coupling efficiency is = 0.804\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The insertion loss in dB = 0.95\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Efficiency when joint index is matched = 0.872\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The new insertion loss in dB = 0.59\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 39


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter4.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter4.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 9dca6b9e..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter4.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,644 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:e29ad753b5f2886d343bb74ecb0ecc91fcb2a9898826cbfcabd7e953e57d2f63"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter04: Optical Detectors and Receivers"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.1:Pg-4.5"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "Eg= 1.1 \n",


-      "lamda_c = 1.24/Eg \n",


-      "print \"The cut off wavelength in um= \",round(lamda_c,2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "Eg_ger =0.67 \n",


-      "lamda_ger= 1.24/Eg_ger \n",


-      "print \" \\nThe cut off wavelength for Germanium in um= \",round(lamda_ger,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The cut off wavelength in um=  1.13\n",


-        " \n",


-        "The cut off wavelength for Germanium in um=  1.85\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 3


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.2:Pg-4.5"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given \n",


-      "Eg = 1.43 \n",


-      "lamda = 1.24/Eg \n",


-      "lamda=lamda*1000   # converting in nm\n",


-      "print \"The cut off wavelength in nm =\",round(lamda,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The cut off wavelength in nm = 867.13\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 6


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.3:Pg-4.5"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "P = 6*10**6 \n",


-      "Eh_pair= 5.4*10**6 \n",


-      "n= Eh_pair/P*100 \n",


-      "print \" The quantum efficiency in % = \",n \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The quantum efficiency in % =  90.0\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 8


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.4:Pg-4.6"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "R= 0.65 \n",


-      "P0= 10*10**-6 \n",


-      "Ip= R*P0 \n",


-      "Ip=Ip*10**6   # convertinf in uA...\n",


-      "print \" The generated photocurrent in uA = \",Ip \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The generated photocurrent in uA =  6.5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 9


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.5:Pg-4.6"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Ec= 1.2*10**11 \n",


-      "P= 3*10**11 \n",


-      "lamda = 0.85*10**-6 \n",


-      "n= Ec/P*100 \n",


-      "print \"The efficiency in % =\",n \n",


-      "\n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "n= n/100 \n",


-      "R= n*q*lamda/(h*c) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe Responsivity of the photodiode in A/W=\",round(R ,4)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The efficiency in % = 40.0\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Responsivity of the photodiode in A/W= 0.2741\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 12


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.6:Pg-4.7"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n= 0.65 \n",


-      "E= 1.5*10**-19 \n",


-      "Ip= 2.5*10**-6 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "lamda= h*c/E \n",


-      "lamda=lamda*10**6   # converting in um for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"The wavelength in um =\",lamda \n",


-      "lamda=lamda*10**-6 \n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "R= n*q*lamda/(h*c) \n",


-      "print \"\\nThe Responsivity in A/W =\",R \n",


-      "Pin= Ip/R \n",


-      "Pin=Pin*10**6  #  converting in uW for displaying/..\n",


-      "print \" \\nThe incidnt power in uW= \",round(Pin,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The wavelength in um = 1.325\n",


-        "\n",


-        "The Responsivity in A/W = 0.6942\n",


-        " \n",


-        "The incidnt power in uW=  3.6\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 5


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.7:Pg-4.8"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "Iin= 1 \n",


-      "lamda= 1550*10**-9 \n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "n=0.65 \n",


-      "Ip=n*q*lamda*Iin/(h*c) \n",


-      "Ip=Ip*1000   # converting in mA for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The average photon current in mA= \",int(Ip)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The average photon current in mA=  812\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 7


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.1.8:Pg-4.9"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "n= 0.70 \n",


-      "Ip= 4*10**-6 \n",


-      "e= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "E= 1.5*10**-19\n",


-      "lamda = h*c/E \n",


-      "lamda=lamda*10**6   # converting um for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"The wavelength in um =\",round(lamda,3) \n",


-      "R= n*e/E \n",


-      "Po= Ip/R \n",


-      "Po=Po*10**6   # converting um for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" \\nIncident optical Power in uW =\",round(Po,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The wavelength in um = 1.325\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Incident optical Power in uW = 5.35\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 14


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.2.1:Pg-4.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ct= 7*10.0**-12\n",


-      "Rt= 50*1*10.0**6/(50+(1*10**6))\n",


-      "B= 1/(2*math.pi*Rt*Ct)\n",


-      "B=B*10**-6  #converting in mHz for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"The bandwidth of photodetector in MHz =\",round(B,2)"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The bandwidth of photodetector in MHz = 454.75\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 43


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.2.2:Pg-4.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "W= 25*10**-6 \n",


-      "Vd= 3*10**4 \n",


-      "Bm= Vd/(2*math.pi*W) \n",


-      "RT= 1/Bm \n",


-      "RT=RT*10**9    # converting ns for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The maximum response time in ns =\",round(RT,2) "


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The maximum response time in ns = 5.24\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 45


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "\n",


-      "Ex4.2.3:Pg-4.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "e= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "v= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "n=0.65 \n",


-      "I= 10*10**-6 \n",


-      "lamda= 900*10**-9 \n",


-      "R= n*e*lamda/(h*v) \n",


-      "Po= 0.5*10**-6 \n",


-      "Ip= Po*R \n",


-      "M= I/Ip \n",


-      "print \" The multiplication factor =\",round(M,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The multiplication factor = 42.41\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 48


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.3.1:Pg-4.18"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "n=0.65 \n",


-      "lamda = 900*10**-9 \n",


-      "Pin= 0.5*10**-6 \n",


-      "Im= 10*10**-6 \n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "R= n*q*lamda/(h*c) \n",


-      "Ip= R*Pin \n",


-      "M= Im/Ip \n",


-      "print \" The multiplication factor =\",round(M,2)\n",


-      "print \"\\n***NOTE-Answer wrong in textbook...\""


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The multiplication factor = 42.41\n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE-Answer wrong in textbook...\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 51


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.6.1:Pg-4.34"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "lamda = 1300*10**-9 \n",


-      "Id= 4*10**-9 \n",


-      "n=0.9 \n",


-      "Rl= 1000 \n",


-      "Pincident= 300*10**-9 \n",


-      "BW= 20*10**6 \n",


-      "q= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "v= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "Iq= math.sqrt((q*Pincident*n*lamda)/(h*v)) \n",


-      "Iq= math.sqrt(Iq) \n",


-      "Iq=Iq*100   # converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"Mean square quantum noise current in Amp*10^11 =\",round(Iq,2)\n",


-      "I_dark= 2*q*BW*Id \n",


-      "I_dark=I_dark*10**19  # converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" \\nMean square dark current in Amp*10^-19 =\",round(I_dark,3) \n",


-      "k= 1.38*10**-23 \n",


-      "T= 25+273 \n",


-      "It= 4*k*T*BW/Rl \n",


-      "It=It*10**16  # converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" \\nMean square thermal nise current in Amp*10^-16 =\",round(It,2)"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "Mean square quantum noise current in Amp*10^11 = 2.31\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Mean square dark current in Amp*10^-19 = 0.256\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Mean square thermal nise current in Amp*10^-16 = 3.29\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 61


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.8.1:Pg-4.39"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "lamda = 850*10**-9 # meters\n",


-      "BER= 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "N_bar = 9*log(10) \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 # joules-sec\n",


-      "v= 3*10**8 # meters/sec\n",


-      "n= 0.65 #  assumption\n",


-      "E=N_bar*h*v/(n*lamda) \n",


-      "E=E*10**18 # /converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \" The Energy received in Joules*10^-18 =\",round(E,2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The Energy received in Joules*10^-18 = 7.45\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 64


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.8.2:Pg-4.39"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "lamda = 850*10**-9 \n",


-      "BER = 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "BT=10*10**6 \n",


-      "h= 6.625*10**-34 \n",


-      "c= 3*10**8 \n",


-      "Ps= 36*h*c*BT/lamda \n",


-      "Ps=Ps*10**12  # /converting in proper format for displaying...\n",


-      "print \"The minimum incidental optical power required id in pW =\",round(Ps,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "The minimum incidental optical power required id in pW = 84.18\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 67


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex4.8.3:Pg-4.40"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "C= 5*10**-12 \n",


-      "B =50*10**6 \n",


-      "Ip= 1*10**-7 \n",


-      "e= 1.602*10**-19 \n",


-      "k= 1.38*10**-23 \n",


-      "T= 18+273 \n",


-      "M= 1 \n",


-      "Rl= 1/(2*math.pi*C*B) \n",


-      "S_N= Ip**2/((2*e*B*Ip)+(4*k*T*B/Rl)) \n",


-      "S_N = 10*math.log10(S_N)   # in db\n",


-      "print \" The S/N ratio in dB =\",round(S_N,2) \n",


-      "M=41.54 \n",


-      "S_N_new= (M**2*Ip**2)/((2*e*B*Ip*M**2.3)+(4*k*T*B/Rl)) \n",


-      "S_N_new = 10*math.log10(S_N_new)   # in db\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThe new S/N ratio in dB =\",round(S_N_new,2)\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nImprovement over M=1 in dB =\",round(S_N_new-S_N,1) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The S/N ratio in dB = 8.99\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "The new S/N ratio in dB = 32.49\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Improvement over M=1 in dB = 23.5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 70


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter5.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter5.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 3915a0b4..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter5.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,458 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:b4a79f107959b9c220fb0fbffb78f81a806979a06263be16ca010cadce8d4a27"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter05: Design Considerations in Optical Links"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.1:Pg-5.7"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "B= 15*10**-6 \n",


-      "L= 4 \n",


-      "BER= 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "Ls= 0.5 \n",


-      "Lc= 1.5 \n",


-      "alpha= 6 \n",


-      "Pm= 8 \n",


-      "Pt= 2*Lc +(alpha*L)+(Pm) \n",


-      "print \" The actual loss in fibre in dB =\",int(Pt) \n",


-      "Pmax = -10-(-50) \n",


-      "print \" \\nThe maximum allowable system loss in dBm = \",Pmax "


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The actual loss in fibre in dB = 35\n",


-        " \n",


-        "The maximum allowable system loss in dBm =  40\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 5


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.2:Pg-5.8"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ps= 0.1 \n",


-      "alpha = 6 \n",


-      "L= 0.5 \n",


-      "Ps = 10*math.log10(Ps) \n",


-      "NA= 0.25 \n",


-      "Lcoupling= -10*math.log10(NA**2) \n",


-      "Lf= alpha*L \n",


-      "lc= 2*2 \n",


-      "Pm= 4 \n",


-      "Pout = Ps-(Lcoupling+Lf+lc+Pm) \n",


-      "print \" The actual power output in dBm = \",int(Pout) \n",


-      "Pmin = -35 \n",


-      "print \" Minimum input power required in dBm= \",Pmin \n",


-      "print \" As Pmin > Pout, system will perform adequately over the system operating life.\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The actual power output in dBm =  -33\n",


-        " Minimum input power required in dBm=  -35\n",


-        " As Pmin > Pout, system will perform adequately over the system operating life.\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 8


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.3:Pg-5.8"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Ps= 5 \n",


-      "Lcoupling = 3 \n",


-      "Lc= 2 \n",


-      "L_splicing = 50*0.1 \n",


-      "F_atten  = 25 \n",


-      "L_total = Lcoupling+Lc+L_splicing+F_atten \n",


-      "P_avail = Ps-L_total \n",


-      "sensitivity = -40 \n",


-      "loss_margin = -sensitivity-(-P_avail) \n",


-      "print \" The loss margin of the system in dBm= -\",loss_margin \n",


-      "sensitivity_fet = -32 \n",


-      "loss_margin_fet=-sensitivity_fet-(-P_avail) \n",


-      "print \"The loss marging for the FET receiver in dBm= -\",loss_margin_fet \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The loss margin of the system in dBm= - 10.0\n",


-        "The loss marging for the FET receiver in dBm= - 2.0\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 10


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.4:Pg-5.9"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "LED_output = 3 \n",


-      "PIN_sensitivity = -54 \n",


-      "allowed_loss= LED_output -(-PIN_sensitivity) \n",


-      "Lcoupling = 17.5 \n",


-      "cable_atten = 30 \n",


-      "power_margin_coupling= 39.5 \n",


-      "power_margin_splice=6.2 \n",


-      "power_margin_cable=9.5 \n",


-      "final_margin= power_margin_coupling+power_margin_splice+power_margin_cable \n",


-      "print \" The safety margin in dB =\",final_margin\n",


-      " # Answer in book is wrong...\n",


-      "print \" \\n***NOTE- Answer wrong in book...\"\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The safety margin in dB = 55.2\n",


-        " \n",


-        "***NOTE- Answer wrong in book...\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 12


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.3.5:Pg-5.10"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "optical_power=-10 \n",


-      "receiver_sensitivity=-41 \n",


-      "total_margin= optical_power-receiver_sensitivity \n",


-      "cable_loss= 7*2.6 \n",


-      "splice_loss= 6*0.5 \n",


-      "connector_loss= 1*1.5 \n",


-      "safety_margin= 6 \n",


-      "total_loss= cable_loss+splice_loss+connector_loss+safety_margin \n",


-      "excess_power_margin= total_margin-total_loss \n",


-      "print \" The system is viable and provides excess power margin in dB=\",excess_power_margin \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The system is viable and provides excess power margin in dB= 2.3\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 14


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.4.1:Pg-5.13"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ttx= 15 \n",


-      "Tmat=21 \n",


-      "Tmod= 3.9 \n",


-      "BW= 25.0 \n",


-      "Trx= 350.0/BW \n",


-      "\n",


-      "Tsys = math.sqrt(Ttx**2+Tmat**2+Tmod**2+Trx**2) \n",


-      "print \" The system rise time in ns.= \",round(Tsys,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The system rise time in ns.=  29.62\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 16


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.4.2:Pg-5.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "\n",


-      "Ttrans = 1.75*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tled = 3.50*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tcable=3.89*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tpin= 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "Trec= 1.94*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tsys= math.sqrt(Ttrans**2+Tled**2+Tcable**2+Tpin**2+Trec**2) \n",


-      "Tsys=Tsys*10**9  # converting in ns for dislaying...\n",


-      "print \" The system rise time in ns= \",round(Tsys,2)\n",


-      "Tsys=Tsys*10**-9 \n",


-      "BW= 0.35/Tsys \n",


-      "BW=BW/1000000.0  # converting in MHz for dislaying...\n",


-      "print \" \\nThe system bandwidth in MHz =\",round(BW,2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The system rise time in ns=  5.93\n",


-        " \n",


-        "The system bandwidth in MHz = 58.99\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 19


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.4.3:Pg-5.14"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ttx= 8*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tintra= 1*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tmodal=5*10**-9 \n",


-      "Trr= 6*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tsys= math.sqrt(Ttx**2+(8*Tintra)**2+(8*Tmodal)**2+Trr**2) \n",


-      "\n",


-      "BWnrz= 0.7/Tsys \n",


-      "BWnrz=BWnrz/1000000  # converting in ns for dislaying...\n",


-      "BWrz=0.35/Tsys \n",


-      "BWrz=BWrz/1000000  # converting in ns for dislaying...\n",


-      "print \" Maximum bit rate for NRZ format in Mb/sec= \",round(BWnrz,2)\n",


-      "print \" \\nMaximum bit rate for RZ format in Mb/sec= \",round(BWrz,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Maximum bit rate for NRZ format in Mb/sec=  16.67\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Maximum bit rate for RZ format in Mb/sec=  8.33\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 21


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.4.4:Pg-5.15"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ts= 10*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tn=9*10**-9 \n",


-      "Tc=2*10**-9 \n",


-      "Td=3*10**-9 \n",


-      "BW= 6*10**6 \n",


-      "Tsyst= 1.1*math.sqrt(Ts**2+(5*Tn)**2+(5*Tc)**2+Td**2) \n",


-      "Tsyst=Tsyst*10**9  # converting in ns for displying...\n",


-      "Tsyst_max = 0.35/BW \n",


-      "Tsyst_max=Tsyst_max*10**9  # converting in ns for displying...\n",


-      "print \" Rise system of the system in ns= \",round(Tsyst,2)\n",


-      "print \" \\nMaximum Rise system of the system in ns= \",round(Tsyst_max,2)\n",


-      "print \" \\nSpecified components give a system rise time which is adequate for the bandwidth and distance requirements of the optical fibre link.\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " Rise system of the system in ns=  51.99\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Maximum Rise system of the system in ns=  58.33\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Specified components give a system rise time which is adequate for the bandwidth and distance requirements of the optical fibre link.\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 24


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex5.5.1:Pg-5.18"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "\n",


-      "del_t_1 = 10*100*10**-9 \n",


-      "Bt_nrz_1 = 0.7/(del_t_1*1000000) \n",


-      "Bt_rz_1 = 0.35/(del_t_1*1000000) \n",


-      "print \"First case.\"\n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for nrz in Mb/sec= \",Bt_nrz_1 \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for rz in Mb/sec= \",Bt_rz_1 \n",


-      "del_t_2 = 20*1000*10**-9 \n",


-      "Bt_nrz_2 = 0.7/(del_t_2*1000000) \n",


-      "Bt_rz_2 = 0.35/(del_t_2*1000000) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nSecond case\" \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for nrz in Mb/sec= \",Bt_nrz_2 \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for rz  in Mb/sec= \",Bt_rz_2 \n",


-      "del_t_3 = 2*2000*10**-9 \n",


-      "Bt_nrz_3 = 0.7/(del_t_3*1000) \n",


-      "Bt_rz_3 = 0.35/(del_t_3*1000) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nThird case\" \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for nrz in BITS/sec= \",int(Bt_nrz_3) \n",


-      "print \" \\nBit rate for rz  in BITS/sec= \",Bt_rz_3 \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        "First case.\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for nrz in Mb/sec=  0.7\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for rz in Mb/sec=  0.35\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Second case\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for nrz in Mb/sec=  0.035\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for rz  in Mb/sec=  0.0175\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Third case\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for nrz in BITS/sec=  174\n",


-        " \n",


-        "Bit rate for rz  in BITS/sec=  87.5\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 31


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6-Advanced_Optical_Systems.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6-Advanced_Optical_Systems.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index b0cb88b7..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6-Advanced_Optical_Systems.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,317 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:ac520a54154462ad172aef8bbb865642cb1f987c781ea69ea1084ba6e27e7f6b"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter06: Advanced Optical Systems"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.5.1:Pg-6.11"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "lamda_p= 980*10**-9 \n",


-      "lamda_s=1550*10**-9 \n",


-      "P_in=30      #  in mW....\n",


-      "G=100 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "Ps_max= ((lamda_p*P_in)/lamda_s)/(G-1) \n",


-      "print \" \\nMaximum input power in mW = \",round(Ps_max,5) \n",


-      " \n",


-      "Ps_out= Ps_max + (lamda_p*P_in/lamda_s) \n",


-      "Ps_out= 10*math.log10(Ps_out) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nOutput power in dBm = \",round(Ps_out,2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " \n",


-        "Maximum input power in mW =  0.19159\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Output power in dBm =  12.82\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 13


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.5.2:Pg-6.12"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ps_out= 30.0           # in uW...\n",


-      "Ps_in=1.0 \n",


-      "Noise_power = 0.5 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "G= Ps_out/Ps_in \n",


-      "\n",


-      "G= 10*math.log10(G) \n",


-      "print \" \\nThe Gain EDFA in dB = \",round(G,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " \n",


-        "The Gain EDFA in dB =  14.77\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 15


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.10.1:Pg-6.22"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "P0=200.0 \n",


-      "P1=90.0 \n",


-      "P2=85.0 \n",


-      "P3=6.3 \n",


-      " # All powers in uW...\n",


-      "coupling_ratio= P2/(P1+P2)*100 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n Coupling Ratio in % = \",round(coupling_ratio,2) \n",


-      "excess_ratio= 10*math.log10(P0/(P1+P2))\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Excess Ratio in % = \",round(excess_ratio,4) \n",


-      "insertion_loss=10*math.log10(P0/P1) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) in dB= \",round(insertion_loss,2) \n",


-      "insertion_loss1=10*math.log10(P0/P2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 2) in dB= \",round(insertion_loss1,2) \n",


-      "cross_talk=10*math.log10(P3/P0) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Cross Talk in dB= \",int(cross_talk)  \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE: Cross Talk calculated wrognly in book... Value of P3 wrognly taken\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " Coupling Ratio in % =  48.57\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Excess Ratio in % =  0.5799\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) in dB=  3.47\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 2) in dB=  3.72\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Cross Talk in dB=  -15\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE: Cross Talk calculated wrognly in book... Value of P3 wrognly taken\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 34


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.10.2:Pg-6.23"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "P0= 300.0 \n",


-      "P1=150.0 \n",


-      "P2=65.0 \n",


-      "P3=8.3*10**-3 \n",


-      " # All powers in uW...\n",


-      "splitting_ratio= P2/(P1+P2)*100 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n Splitting Ratio in %= \",round(splitting_ratio,2) \n",


-      "excess_ratio= 10*math.log10(P0/(P1+P2))\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Excess Ratio in dB= \",round(excess_ratio,4)\n",


-      "insertion_loss=10*math.log10(P0/P1) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) in dB= \",round(insertion_loss,2) \n",


-      "cross_talk=10*math.log10(P3/P0) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Cross Talk in dB= \",round(cross_talk,2) \n",


-      "\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " Splitting Ratio in %=  30.23\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Excess Ratio in dB=  1.4468\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) in dB=  3.01\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Cross Talk in dB=  -45.58\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 19


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.10.3:Pg-6.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "N=32.0 \n",


-      "Ft=(100-5)/100.0 \n",


-      "Total_loss= 10*(1-3.322*math.log10(Ft))*math.log10(N) \n",


-      "print \" The total loss in the coupler in dB = \",round(Total_loss,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The total loss in the coupler in dB =  16.17\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 27


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.10.4:Pg-6.28"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "N=10 \n",


-      "L=0.5 \n",


-      "alpha=0.4 \n",


-      "Lthru=0.9 \n",


-      "Lc=1 \n",


-      "Ltap=10 \n",


-      "Li=0.5 \n",


-      "Total_loss= N*(alpha*L +2*Lc +Lthru+Li)-(alpha*L)-(2*Lthru)+(2*Ltap) \n",


-      "print \" The total loss in the coupler in dB = \",int(Total_loss)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The total loss in the coupler in dB =  54\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 30


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.11.1:Pg-6.33"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "del_v=10*10**9 \n",


-      "N_eff= 1.5 \n",


-      "c=3*10**11   #  speed of light in mm/sec\n",


-      "del_L= c/(2*N_eff*del_v) \n",


-      "print \" The wave guide length differenc in mm= \",int(del_L) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The wave guide length differenc in mm=  10\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 33


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6.ipynb b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index b0cb88b7..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/Chapter6.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,317 +0,0 @@
-{


- "metadata": {


-  "name": "",


-  "signature": "sha256:ac520a54154462ad172aef8bbb865642cb1f987c781ea69ea1084ba6e27e7f6b"


- },


- "nbformat": 3,


- "nbformat_minor": 0,


- "worksheets": [


-  {


-   "cells": [


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 1,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Chapter06: Advanced Optical Systems"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.5.1:Pg-6.11"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "lamda_p= 980*10**-9 \n",


-      "lamda_s=1550*10**-9 \n",


-      "P_in=30      #  in mW....\n",


-      "G=100 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "Ps_max= ((lamda_p*P_in)/lamda_s)/(G-1) \n",


-      "print \" \\nMaximum input power in mW = \",round(Ps_max,5) \n",


-      " \n",


-      "Ps_out= Ps_max + (lamda_p*P_in/lamda_s) \n",


-      "Ps_out= 10*math.log10(Ps_out) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\nOutput power in dBm = \",round(Ps_out,2)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " \n",


-        "Maximum input power in mW =  0.19159\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "Output power in dBm =  12.82\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 13


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.5.2:Pg-6.12"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "# Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "Ps_out= 30.0           # in uW...\n",


-      "Ps_in=1.0 \n",


-      "Noise_power = 0.5 \n",


-      "\n",


-      "G= Ps_out/Ps_in \n",


-      "\n",


-      "G= 10*math.log10(G) \n",


-      "print \" \\nThe Gain EDFA in dB = \",round(G,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " \n",


-        "The Gain EDFA in dB =  14.77\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 15


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.10.1:Pg-6.22"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "P0=200.0 \n",


-      "P1=90.0 \n",


-      "P2=85.0 \n",


-      "P3=6.3 \n",


-      " # All powers in uW...\n",


-      "coupling_ratio= P2/(P1+P2)*100 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n Coupling Ratio in % = \",round(coupling_ratio,2) \n",


-      "excess_ratio= 10*math.log10(P0/(P1+P2))\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Excess Ratio in % = \",round(excess_ratio,4) \n",


-      "insertion_loss=10*math.log10(P0/P1) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) in dB= \",round(insertion_loss,2) \n",


-      "insertion_loss1=10*math.log10(P0/P2) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 2) in dB= \",round(insertion_loss1,2) \n",


-      "cross_talk=10*math.log10(P3/P0) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Cross Talk in dB= \",int(cross_talk)  \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n***NOTE: Cross Talk calculated wrognly in book... Value of P3 wrognly taken\" \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " Coupling Ratio in % =  48.57\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Excess Ratio in % =  0.5799\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) in dB=  3.47\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 2) in dB=  3.72\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Cross Talk in dB=  -15\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        "***NOTE: Cross Talk calculated wrognly in book... Value of P3 wrognly taken\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 34


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.10.2:Pg-6.23"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "P0= 300.0 \n",


-      "P1=150.0 \n",


-      "P2=65.0 \n",


-      "P3=8.3*10**-3 \n",


-      " # All powers in uW...\n",


-      "splitting_ratio= P2/(P1+P2)*100 \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n Splitting Ratio in %= \",round(splitting_ratio,2) \n",


-      "excess_ratio= 10*math.log10(P0/(P1+P2))\n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Excess Ratio in dB= \",round(excess_ratio,4)\n",


-      "insertion_loss=10*math.log10(P0/P1) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) in dB= \",round(insertion_loss,2) \n",


-      "cross_talk=10*math.log10(P3/P0) \n",


-      "print \" \\n\\n The Cross Talk in dB= \",round(cross_talk,2) \n",


-      "\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " Splitting Ratio in %=  30.23\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Excess Ratio in dB=  1.4468\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Insertion Loss (from Port 0 to Port 1) in dB=  3.01\n",


-        " \n",


-        "\n",


-        " The Cross Talk in dB=  -45.58\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 19


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.10.3:Pg-6.25"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "import math\n",


-      "N=32.0 \n",


-      "Ft=(100-5)/100.0 \n",


-      "Total_loss= 10*(1-3.322*math.log10(Ft))*math.log10(N) \n",


-      "print \" The total loss in the coupler in dB = \",round(Total_loss,2) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The total loss in the coupler in dB =  16.17\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 27


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.10.4:Pg-6.28"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "N=10 \n",


-      "L=0.5 \n",


-      "alpha=0.4 \n",


-      "Lthru=0.9 \n",


-      "Lc=1 \n",


-      "Ltap=10 \n",


-      "Li=0.5 \n",


-      "Total_loss= N*(alpha*L +2*Lc +Lthru+Li)-(alpha*L)-(2*Lthru)+(2*Ltap) \n",


-      "print \" The total loss in the coupler in dB = \",int(Total_loss)\n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The total loss in the coupler in dB =  54\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 30


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "heading",


-     "level": 2,


-     "metadata": {},


-     "source": [


-      "Ex6.11.1:Pg-6.33"


-     ]


-    },


-    {


-     "cell_type": "code",


-     "collapsed": false,


-     "input": [


-      "#Given\n",


-      "del_v=10*10**9 \n",


-      "N_eff= 1.5 \n",


-      "c=3*10**11   #  speed of light in mm/sec\n",


-      "del_L= c/(2*N_eff*del_v) \n",


-      "print \" The wave guide length differenc in mm= \",int(del_L) \n"


-     ],


-     "language": "python",


-     "metadata": {},


-     "outputs": [


-      {


-       "output_type": "stream",


-       "stream": "stdout",


-       "text": [


-        " The wave guide length differenc in mm=  10\n"


-       ]


-      }


-     ],


-     "prompt_number": 33


-    }


-   ],


-   "metadata": {}


-  }


- ]


-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/README.txt b/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/README.txt
deleted file mode 100755
index 861c658f..00000000
--- a/_Optical_Fiber_Communication_by_V._S._Bagad/README.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-Contributed By: Samiksha  Srivastava
-Course: btech
-College/Institute/Organization: ABES Engineering College
-Department/Designation: Computer Science and Engineering
-Book Title:  Optical Fiber Communication
-Author: V. S. Bagad
-Publisher:  Technical Publications, Pune
-Year of publication: 2013
-Isbn: 9789350385203
-Edition: 2
\ No newline at end of file