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| author | hardythe1 | 2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | hardythe1 | 2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530 |
| commit | 92cca121f959c6616e3da431c1e2d23c4fa5e886 (patch) | |
| tree | 205e68d0ce598ac5caca7de839a2934d746cce86 /Thermodynamics_for_Engineers/Chapter_21.ipynb | |
| parent | b14c13fcc6bb6d01c468805d612acb353ec168ac (diff) | |
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diff --git a/Thermodynamics_for_Engineers/Chapter_21.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_for_Engineers/Chapter_21.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..567cdacb --- /dev/null +++ b/Thermodynamics_for_Engineers/Chapter_21.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,438 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:6b7b3e2ab4fd666f452b57925a83681d6f79a5b142e4777bdab089506c8a15bb"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 21 - Steam Turbines"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 1 - Pg 456"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the flow rate\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "p2=190. #psia\n",
+ "p1=110. #psia\n",
+ "v1=2.456 \n",
+ "k=1.3\n",
+ "J=778.\n",
+ "A2=1.2 #in^2\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "v2=v1*math.pow(p2/p1,(1/k))\n",
+ "dh=k/(k-1) *144/J *(p2*v1-p1*v2)\n",
+ "Vex=223.8*math.sqrt(dh)\n",
+ "m=A2*Vex/(144.*v2)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Rate of flow =\",m,\"lb/sec\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rate of flow = 3.32 lb/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 2 - Pg 458"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the rate of flow\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "h1=1205.8 #Btu/lb\n",
+ "s2=1.5594\n",
+ "sf=1.5948\n",
+ "sfg=1.1117\n",
+ "hf=1188.9 #Btu/lb\n",
+ "hfg=883.2 #Btu/lb\n",
+ "vf=4.049\n",
+ "vfg=vf-0.018\n",
+ "k=1.3\n",
+ "J=778\n",
+ "A2=1.2 #in^2\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "x2=-(s2-sf)/sfg\n",
+ "h2=hf-x2*hfg\n",
+ "v2=vf-x2*vfg\n",
+ "dh=h1-h2\n",
+ "Vex=223.8*math.sqrt(dh)\n",
+ "m=A2*Vex/(144*v2)\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Rate of flow =\",m,\"lb/sec\")\n",
+ "\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Rate of flow = 3.19 lb/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3 - Pg 462"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the blade work, angle and efficiency\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "alp=14*math.pi/180. #degrees\n",
+ "vb=900. #ft/s\n",
+ "v1=2200. #ft/s\n",
+ "g=32.17 #ft/s^2\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "vrc=v1*math.cos(alp) - vb\n",
+ "W=(2*vrc)/g *vb\n",
+ "eta=W/(v1*v1/ (2*g)) *100.\n",
+ "bet=math.atan(v1*math.sin(alp) /vrc)*180/math.pi\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Blade work =\",W,\" ft-lb/lb\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n Efficiency =\",eta,\" percent\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n Blade angle =\",bet,\" degrees\")\n",
+ "print '%s' %('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error')\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Blade work = 69082 ft-lb/lb\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Efficiency = 91.8 percent\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Blade angle = 23.3 degrees\n",
+ "The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4 - Pg 463"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the blade work and efficiency\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "v1=1234. #ft/s\n",
+ "v2=532. #ft/s \n",
+ "kb=0.92\n",
+ "alp=20. #degrees\n",
+ "ve=900. #ft/s\n",
+ "r=2200. #ft/s\n",
+ "g=32.17 #ft/s^2\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "vr=math.sqrt(v1*v1 +v2*v2)\n",
+ "vr2=vr*kb\n",
+ "vrc=vr2*math.cos(alp*math.pi/180.)\n",
+ "W=(v1+vrc)*ve/g\n",
+ "eta=W/(r*r /(2*g)) *100.\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Blade work =\",W,\"ft-lb/lb\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n Efficiency =\",eta,\" percent\")\n",
+ "print '%s' %('The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error')\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Blade work = 67023 ft-lb/lb\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Efficiency = 89.1 percent\n",
+ "The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5 - Pg 464"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the blade reheat in both cases\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "v1=1234.\n",
+ "v2=532.\n",
+ "kb=0.92\n",
+ "alp=20*math.pi/180. #degrees\n",
+ "ve=900.\n",
+ "r=2200. #ft/s\n",
+ "g=32.17 #ft/s^2\n",
+ "J=778.\n",
+ "w=67000.\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "vr=math.sqrt(v1*v1 +v2*v2)\n",
+ "vr2=vr*kb\n",
+ "vrc=vr2*math.cos(alp)\n",
+ "reheat=(vr*vr - vr2*vr2 )/(2*g*J)\n",
+ "v22=math.sqrt((vrc-ve)*(vrc-ve) +(vr2*math.sin(alp))*(vr2*math.sin(alp)))\n",
+ "ein=r*r /(2*g*J)\n",
+ "eout=w/J + v22*v22 /(2*g*J)\n",
+ "re2=ein-eout\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\n In case 1, Blade reheat =\",reheat,\"Btu/lb\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n In case 2, Blade reheat =\",re2,\" Btu/lb\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ " In case 1, Blade reheat = 5.54 Btu/lb\n",
+ "\n",
+ " In case 2, Blade reheat = 5.6 Btu/lb\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 6 - Pg 467"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the intermediate pressure\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "h1=1416.4\n",
+ "s1=1.6842\n",
+ "sf=1.7319\n",
+ "sfg=1.3962\n",
+ "fac=1.05\n",
+ "x2=0.7\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "x6=-(s1-sf)/sfg\n",
+ "h6=1156.3 - x6*960.1\n",
+ "dh6=h1-h6\n",
+ "drop= fac*h6/2\n",
+ "h2=h1-drop\n",
+ "first=(1-x2)*drop\n",
+ "h3=1264.1 +first\n",
+ "h4=1157 #Btu/lb\n",
+ "fac2=(drop+153)/dh6\n",
+ "print '%s' %(\"From air charts,\")\n",
+ "p2=107 #psia\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Intermediate pressure =\",p2,\"psia\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "From air charts,\n",
+ "Intermediate pressure = 107 psia\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7 - Pg 469"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the shaft ouput and engine efficiency\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "reh=1.047\n",
+ "dh6=292.8\n",
+ "x2=0.7\n",
+ "flow=98000 #lb/hr\n",
+ "loss=200 #hp\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "intwork=reh*dh6*x2\n",
+ "inthp=intwork*flow/2544\n",
+ "sout=inthp-loss\n",
+ "swork=sout*2544/flow\n",
+ "seff=swork/290.1 *100\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Shaft output =\",sout,\"hp\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n Shaft engine efficiency =\",seff,\"percent\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Shaft output = 8066 hp\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Shaft engine efficiency = 72.2 percent\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8 - Pg 469"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the exit temperature and pressure\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "h1=1416.4 #Btu/lb\n",
+ "h2=214.5 #Btu/lb\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "hexa=h1-h2\n",
+ "print '%s' %(\"From Air tables,\")\n",
+ "pe=20 #psia\n",
+ "te=321.5 #F\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %d %s' %(\"Exit Pressure =\",pe,\"psia\")\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"\\n Exit temperature =\",te,\" F\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "From Air tables,\n",
+ "Exit Pressure = 20 psia\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Exit temperature = 321.5 F\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9 - Pg 470"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate the steam rate required\n",
+ "#Initalization of variables\n",
+ "flow=98000. #lb/hr\n",
+ "loss=200. #hp\n",
+ "x= 0.11 #percent\n",
+ "shp=3000. #hp\n",
+ "#calculations\n",
+ "sflow = x*flow\n",
+ "sflow2= sflow + (flow-sflow)*shp/8060.\n",
+ "srate=sflow2/shp\n",
+ "#results\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Steam rate required =\",srate,\" lb/hp-hr\")\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Steam rate required = 14.41 lb/hp-hr\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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