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diff --git a/Thermodynamics_An_Engineering_Approach/Chapter16.ipynb b/Thermodynamics_An_Engineering_Approach/Chapter16.ipynb
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-{

- "metadata": {

-  "name": ""

- },

- "nbformat": 3,

- "nbformat_minor": 0,

- "worksheets": [

-  {

-   "cells": [

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Chapter 16: Chemical and Phase Equilibrium"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 16-1 ,Page No.798"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "from math import exp\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#given data\n",

-      "T=298.15;#reaction temperature in K\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#from Table A-26\n",

-      "g=455510;\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#constants used\n",

-      "R=8.314;#in kJ/kmol K\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#calculations\n",

-      "# N2 = 2N\n",

-      "dG=2*g;\n",

-      "logKp=-dG/(R*T);\n",

-      "Kp=exp(logKp);\n",

-      "print('Kp = ',Kp)\n",

-      "print'in comparison to Table A-28 ln Kp value of -367.5 our result is %i'%logKp;\n"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "('Kp = ', 2.4396097259977668e-160)\n",

-        "in comparison to Table A-28 ln Kp value of -367.5 our result is -367\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 22

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 16-2 ,Page No.798"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "#given data\n",

-      "P=10;#pressure in atm\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#constants\n",

-      "vH2=1;\n",

-      "vH=2;\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#calculations\n",

-      "# H2 = 0.9H2 + 0.2H\n",

-      "NH=0.2;\n",

-      "NH2=0.9;\n",

-      "Nt=NH+NH2;\n",

-      "#from Eq. 16-15\n",

-      "Kp=((NH**vH)/(NH2**vH2))*(P/Nt)**(vH-vH2);\n",

-      "#at this value of Kp from Table A-28\n",

-      "T=3535;\n",

-      "print'temperature %i K is'%T;"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "temperature 3535 K is\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 11

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 16-6 ,Page No.807"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "from math import log\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#reaction\n",

-      "# H2 + 0.5O2 = H2O\n",

-      "#enthalpy datas in kJ/kmol \n",

-      "#of H2\n",

-      "hfH=-241820;\n",

-      "h2000H=82593;\n",

-      "h298H=9904;\n",

-      "#of O2\n",

-      "hfO=0;\n",

-      "h2000O=61400;\n",

-      "h298O=8468;\n",

-      "#of H2O\n",

-      "hfw=0;\n",

-      "h2000w=67881;\n",

-      "h298w=8682;\n",

-      "#Kp data from A-28\n",

-      "Kp2=869.6;\n",

-      "Kp1=18509;\n",

-      "T1=1800;\n",

-      "T2=2200;\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#constants used\n",

-      "Ru=8.314;#in kJ/kmol K\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#calculations\n",

-      "#part - a\n",

-      "hR=1*(hfH+h2000H-h298H)-1*(hfO+h2000O-h298O)-0.5*(hfw+h2000w-h298w);\n",

-      "print'enthalpy of the reaction %i kJ/kmol using enthalpy data'%round(hR);\n",

-      "#part - b\n",

-      "hR=Ru*(T1*T2)/(T2-T1)*log(Kp2/Kp1);\n",

-      "print'enthalpy of the reaction %i kJ/kmol using enthalpy data'%round(hR);"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "enthalpy of the reaction -251663 kJ/kmol using enthalpy data\n",

-        "enthalpy of the reaction -251698 kJ/kmol using enthalpy data\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 13

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 16-7 ,Page No.809"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "#given data\n",

-      "T=120+273.15;#temperature of saturated water in K\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#from Table A-4\n",

-      "hf=503.81;\n",

-      "hg=2706;\n",

-      "sf=1.5279;\n",

-      "sg=7.1292;\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#calculations\n",

-      "print('liquid phase');\n",

-      "gf=hf-T*sf;\n",

-      "print'gf value %f kJ/kg'%round(gf,1);\n",

-      "print('vapour phase');\n",

-      "gg=hg-T*sg;\n",

-      "print'gg value %f kJ/kg'%round(gg,1);"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "liquid phase\n",

-        "gf value -96.900000 kJ/kg\n",

-        "vapour phase\n",

-        "gg value -96.800000 kJ/kg\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 16

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 16-8 ,Page No.813"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "#given data\n",

-      "T=15;#lake temperature in C\n",

-      "P=92.0;#atmospheric pressure in kPa\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#from Table A-4\n",

-      "Pv=1.7057;\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#calculations\n",

-      "yv=Pv/P;\n",

-      "print'mole fraction of water vapor at the surface is %f'%round(yv,4);\n",

-      "yw=1-yv;\n",

-      "print'mole fraction of water in the lake is %f percent'%(round(yw)*100)"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "mole fraction of water vapor at the surface is 0.018500\n",

-        "mole fraction of water in the lake is 100.000000 percent\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 20

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 16-9 ,Page No.214"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "#given data\n",

-      "T=17.0;#lake temperature in C\n",

-      "P=92.0;#atmospheric pressure in kPa\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#from Table A-4\n",

-      "Pv=1.96;\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#constants from Table 16-2\n",

-      "H=62000.0;\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#calculations\n",

-      "Pda=P-Pv;#dry air\n",

-      "yda=Pda/H/100;#in bar\n",

-      "print'mole fraction of air is %f'%(yda)"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "mole fraction of air is 0.000015\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 21

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 16-10 ,Page No.814"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "#given data\n",

-      "T=358;#hydrogen gas temperature in K\n",

-      "P=300/100;#pressure of hydrogen gas in bar\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#constants used\n",

-      "M=2;\n",

-      "s=0.00901;#solubility in kmol/m^3 bar\n",

-      "p=0.027;\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#calculations\n",

-      "pH2=s*P;\n",

-      "print'molar density of H2 %f kmol/m^3'%round(pH2,3);\n",

-      "pH2=p*M;\n",

-      "print'mass density of H2 %f kg/m^3'%round(pH2,3)"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "molar density of H2 0.027000 kmol/m^3\n",

-        "mass density of H2 0.054000 kg/m^3\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 22

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 16-11 ,Page No.815"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "#given data\n",

-      "yw=0.30;#water mole fraction\n",

-      "ya=0.70;#ammonia mole fraction\n",

-      "T=40;#mixture temperature in C\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#saturation pressure\n",

-      "pw=7.3851;\n",

-      "pa=1554.33;\n",

-      "#calulations\n",

-      "Pw=yw*pw;\n",

-      "Pa=ya*pa;\n",

-      "Pt=Pw+Pa;\n",

-      "yw=Pw/Pt;\n",

-      "ya=Pa/Pt;\n",

-      "print'mole fraction of water vapour %f'%round(yw,4);\n",

-      "print'mole fraction of ammonia %f'%round(ya,4);"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "mole fraction of water vapour 0.002000\n",

-        "mole fraction of ammonia 0.998000\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 25

-    }

-   ],

-   "metadata": {}

-  }

- ]

-}
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