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+{

+ "metadata": {

+  "name": "",

+  "signature": "sha256:c2f0eb9f813e96ecfb0ebcea9c89faad6a2b8ee530cc39d385b0a4ab04407ef5"

+ },

+ "nbformat": 3,

+ "nbformat_minor": 0,

+ "worksheets": [

+  {

+   "cells": [

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 1,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Chapter 09: Ideal and Real Solutions"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.2, Page Number 202"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "from math import log\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "nb = 5.00      #Number of moles of Benzene, mol\n",

+      "nt = 3.25      #Number of moles of Toluene, mol\n",

+      "T = 298.15     #Temperature, K\n",

+      "P = 1.0        #Pressure, bar\n",

+      "R = 8.314      #Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "n = nb + nt\n",

+      "xb = nb/n\n",

+      "xt = 1. - xb\n",

+      "dGmix = n*R*T*(xb*log(xb)+xt*log(xt))\n",

+      "dSmix = n*R*(xb*log(xb)+xt*log(xt))\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Gibbs energy change of mixing is %4.3e J'%dGmix\n",

+      "print 'Gibbs energy change of mixing is < 0, hence the mixing is spontaneous'\n",

+      "print 'Entropy change of mixing is %4.2f J/K'%dSmix"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Gibbs energy change of mixing is -1.371e+04 J\n",

+        "Gibbs energy change of mixing is < 0, hence the mixing is spontaneous\n",

+        "Entropy change of mixing is -45.99 J/K\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 9

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.3, Page Number 205"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "nb = 5.00      #Number of moles of Benzene, mol\n",

+      "nt = 3.25      #Number of moles of Toluene, mol\n",

+      "T = 298.15     #Temperature, K\n",

+      "R = 8.314      #Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)\n",

+      "P0b = 96.4     #Vapor pressure of Benzene, torr\n",

+      "P0t = 28.9     #Vapor pressure of Toluene, torr\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "n = nb + nt\n",

+      "xb = nb/n\n",

+      "xt = 1. - xb\n",

+      "P = xb*P0b + xt*P0t\n",

+      "y = (P0b*P - P0t*P0b)/(P*(P0b-P0t))\n",

+      "yt = 1.-yb\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Total pressure of the vapor is %4.1f torr'%P\n",

+      "print 'Benzene fraction in vapor is %4.3f '%yb\n",

+      "print 'Toulene fraction in vapor is %4.3f '%yt"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Total pressure of the vapor is 69.8 torr\n",

+        "Benzene fraction in vapor is 0.837 \n",

+        "Toulene fraction in vapor is 0.163 \n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 12

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.4, Page Number 206"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "from sympy import *\n",

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "nb = 5.00      #Number of moles of Benzene, mol\n",

+      "nt = 3.25      #Number of moles of Toluene, mol\n",

+      "T = 298.15     #Temperature, K\n",

+      "R = 8.314      #Ideal Gas Constant, J/(mol.K)\n",

+      "P0b = 96.4     #Vapor pressure of Benzene, torr\n",

+      "P0t = 28.9     #Vapor pressure of Toluene, torr\n",

+      "nv = 1.5       #moles vaporized, mol\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "n = nb + nt\n",

+      "nl = n - nv\n",

+      "zb = nb/n\n",

+      "\n",

+      "x,y, P = symbols('x y P')\n",

+      "e1 = nv*(y-zb)-nl*(zb-x)\n",

+      "print 'Mass Balance:', e1\n",

+      "e2 = P - (x*P0b + (1-x)*P0t)\n",

+      "print 'Pressure and x:',e2\n",

+      "e3 = y - (P0b*P - P0t*P0b)/(P*(P0b-P0t))\n",

+      "print 'Pressure and y:', e3\n",

+      "equations = [e1,e2,e3]\n",

+      "sol = solve(equations)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "for i in sol:\n",

+      "    if ((i[x] > 0.0 and i[x] <1.0) and (i[P] > 0.0) and (i[y]>zb and i[y]<1.0)):\n",

+      "        print 'Pressure is %4.2f torr' %i[P]\n",

+      "        print 'Mole fraction of benzene in liquid phase %4.3f' %i[x]\n",

+      "        print 'Mole fraction of benzene in vapor phase %4.3f' %i[y]\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Mass Balance: 6.75*x + 1.5*y - 5.0\n",

+        "Pressure and x: P - 67.5*x - 28.9\n",

+        "Pressure and y: y - 0.0148148148148148*(96.4*P - 2785.96)/P\n",

+        "Pressure is 66.75 torr"

+       ]

+      },

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "\n",

+        "Mole fraction of benzene in liquid phase 0.561\n",

+        "Mole fraction of benzene in vapor phase 0.810\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 3

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.6, Page Number 212"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "m = 4.50        #Mass of substance dissolved, g\n",

+      "ms = 125.0      #Mass of slovent (CCl4), g\n",

+      "TbE = 0.65      #Boiling point elevation, \u00b0C\n",

+      "Kf, Kb = 30.0, 4.95    #Constants for freezing point elevation \n",

+      "                        # and boiling point depression for CCl4, K kg/mol\n",

+      "Msolvent = 153.8  #Molecualr wt of solvent, g/mol\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "DTf = -Kf*TbE/Kb\n",

+      "Msolute = Kb*m/(ms*1e-3*TbE)\n",

+      "nsolute = m/Msolute\n",

+      "nsolvent = ms/Msolvent \n",

+      "x = 1.0 -  nsolute/(nsolute + nsolvent)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Freezing point depression %5.2f K'%DTf\n",

+      "print 'Molecualr wt of solute %4.1f g/mol'%Msolute\n",

+      "print 'Vapor pressure of solvent is reduced by a factor of %4.3f'%x"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Freezing point depression -3.94 K\n",

+        "Molecualr wt of solute 274.2 g/mol\n",

+        "Vapor pressure of solvent is reduced by a factor of 0.980\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 69

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.7, Page Number 214"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "csolute = 0.500 #Concentration of solute, g/L\n",

+      "R = 8.206e-2    #Gas constant L.atm/(mol.K)\n",

+      "T = 298.15      #Temperature of the solution, K\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "pii = csolute*R*T\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Osmotic pressure %4.2f atm'%pii\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Osmotic pressure 12.23 atm\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 70

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.8, Page Number 220"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "xCS2 = 0.3502   #Mol fraction of CS2, g/L\n",

+      "pCS2 = 358.3    #Partial pressure of CS2, torr\n",

+      "p0CS2 = 512.3   #Total pressure, torr\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "alpha = pCS2/p0CS2\n",

+      "gama = alpha/xCS2\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Activity of CS2 %5.4f atm'%alpha\n",

+      "print 'Activity coefficinet of CS2 %5.4f atm'%gama"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Activity of CS2 0.6994 atm\n",

+        "Activity coefficinet of CS2 1.9971 atm\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 72

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.9, Page Number 220"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "xCS2 = 0.3502   #Mol fraction of CS2, g/L\n",

+      "pCS2 = 358.3    #Partial pressure of CS2, torr\n",

+      "kHCS2 = 2010.   #Total pressure, torr\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "alpha = pCS2/kHCS2\n",

+      "gama = alpha/xCS2\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Activity of CS2 %5.4f atm'%alpha\n",

+      "print 'Activity coefficinet of CS2 %5.4f atm'%gama"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Activity of CS2 0.1783 atm\n",

+        "Activity coefficinet of CS2 0.5090 atm\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 73

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.10, Page Number 221"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "rho = 789.9     #Density of acetone, g/L\n",

+      "n = 1.0         #moles of acetone, mol\n",

+      "M = 58.08       #Molecular wt of acetone, g/mol\n",

+      "kHacetone = 1950 #Henrys law constant, torr\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "H = n*M*kHacetone/rho\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Henrys constant = %5.2f torr'%H"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Henrys constant = 143.38 torr\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 76

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.11, Page Number 221"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "m = 0.5         #Mass of water, kg\n",

+      "ms = 24.0       #Mass of solute, g\n",

+      "Ms = 241.0      #Molecular wt of solute, g/mol\n",

+      "Tfd = 0.359     #Freezinf point depression, \u00b0C or K\n",

+      "kf = 1.86       #Constants for freezing point depression for water, K kg/mol\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "msolute = ms/(Ms*m)\n",

+      "gama = Tfd/(kf*msolute)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Activity coefficient = %4.3f'%gama"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Activity coefficient = 0.969\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 81

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.12, Page Number 223"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "m = 70.0        #Mass of human body, kg\n",

+      "V = 5.00        #Volume of blood, L\n",

+      "HN2 = 9.04e4    #Henry law constant for N2 solubility in blood, bar\n",

+      "T = 298.0       #Temperature, K\n",

+      "rho = 1.00      #density of blood, kg/L\n",

+      "Mw = 18.02      #Molecualr wt of water, g/mol\n",

+      "X = 80          #Percent of N2 at sea level\n",

+      "p1, p2 = 1.0, 50.0  #Pressures, bar\n",

+      "R = 8.314e-2       #Ideal Gas constant, L.bar/(mol.K)\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "nN21  = (V*rho*1e3/Mw)*(p1*X/100)/HN2\n",

+      "nN22  = (V*rho*1e3/Mw)*(p2*X/100)/HN2\n",

+      "V = (nN22-nN21)*R*T/p1\n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "print 'Number of moles of nitrogen in blood at 1 and 50 bar are %3.2e,%3.3f mol'%(nN21,nN22)\n",

+      "print 'Volume of nitrogen released from blood at reduced pressure %4.3f L'%V"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Number of moles of nitrogen in blood at 1 and 50 bar are 2.46e-03,0.123 mol\n",

+        "Volume of nitrogen released from blood at reduced pressure 2.981 L\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 90

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example Problem 9.14, Page Number 226"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "from numpy import arange,array,ones,linalg, divide\n",

+      "from pylab import plot,show\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable Declaration\n",

+      "cCB = array([1e-6,2e-6,3e-6,5e-6,10e-6])\n",

+      "nu = array([0.006,0.012,0.018,0.028,0.052])\n",

+      "y = nu/cCB\n",

+      "print y\n",

+      "xlim(0.0, 0.06)\n",

+      "ylim(5000,6300)\n",

+      "#Calculations\n",

+      "A = array([ nu, ones(size(nu))])\n",

+      "print A\n",

+      "# linearly generated sequence\n",

+      "\n",

+      "w = linalg.lstsq(A.T,y)[0] # obtaining the parameters\n",

+      "print 'slope %8.1f'%w[0]\n",

+      "print 'Intercept %8.1f' %w[1]\n",

+      "# Use w[0] and w[1] for your calculations and give good structure to this ipython notebook\n",

+      "# plotting the line\n",

+      "line = w[0]*nu+w[1] # regression line\n",

+      "  \n",

+      "#Results\n",

+      "plot(nu,line,'r-',nu,y,'o')\n",

+      "show()"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "[ 6000.  6000.  6000.  5600.  5200.]\n",

+        "[[ 0.006  0.012  0.018  0.028  0.052]\n",

+        " [ 1.     1.     1.     1.     1.   ]]"

+       ]

+      },

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "\n",

+        "slope -19188.2\n",

+        "Intercept   6205.2\n"

+       ]

+      },

+      {

+       "metadata": {},

+       "output_type": "display_data",

+       "png": 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+       "text": [

+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x59f38d0>"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 16

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": []

+    }

+   ],

+   "metadata": {}

+  }

+ ]

+}
\ No newline at end of file