Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books

 A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/Chapter1_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter10_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter11_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter12_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter13_4.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter2_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter4_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter5_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter6_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter7_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter8_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter9_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/charpter_3_6.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/screenshots/1_3.PNG
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/screenshots/2_3.PNG
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/screenshots/3_3.PNG
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/README.txt
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch1.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch2.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch3.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch4.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch5.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch6.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch7.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/screenshots/1.png
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/screenshots/2.png
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/screenshots/3.png

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diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/README.txt b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/README.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Dhruva  Shastri
+Course: others
+College/Institute/Organization: freelancer
+Department/Designation: freelancer
+Book Title: Thermal Engineering
+Author: A. V. Arasu
+Publisher: -
+Year of publication: -
+Isbn: -
+Edition: 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch1.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch1.ipynb
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+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 1 : Fuels and Combustion"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.1  Page no : 15"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum mass of air per kg of coal is 11.45 kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.91;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.02;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N = 0.008;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "S = 0.008;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Minimum mass of air per kg of coal is %3.2f kg'%(m)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.2  Page no : 16"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Theoretical volume of air at N.T.P per kg fuel is 10.85 m**3)/kg of fuel\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.86;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.12;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.01;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "S = 0.01;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "v = 0.773;\t\t\t#Specific volume of air at N.T.P in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Theoretical mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "vth = m*v;\t\t\t#Theoretical volume of air at N.T.P per kg fuel in (m**3)/kg of fuel\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Theoretical volume of air at N.T.P per kg fuel is %3.2f m**3)/kg of fuel'%(vth)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.3  Page no : 16"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum quantity of air required for complete combustion is 10.83 kg  \n",
+      "Total mass of products of combustion is 11.792 kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.78;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.06;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.078;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N = 0.012;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "S = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Minimum quantity of air required in kg\n",
+    "mt = ((11*C)/3)+(9*H)+(2*S)+(8.32+N);\t\t\t#Total mass of products of combustion in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Minimum quantity of air required for complete combustion is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nTotal mass of products of combustion is %3.3f kg'%(m,mt)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.4  Page no : 17"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mass of dry flue gases per kg of coal burnt is 19 kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.84;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.09;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.0875;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO2\n",
+    "CO = 0.0225;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO\n",
+    "O2 = 0.08;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N2 = 0.81;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "M1 = 44.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO\n",
+    "M3 = 32.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c1 = CO2*M1;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO2\n",
+    "c2 = CO*M2;\t    \t\t#Proportional mass of CO\n",
+    "c3 = O2*M3;\t\t    \t#Proportional mass of O2\n",
+    "c4 = N2*M4;\t\t\t    #Proportional mass of N2\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional mass of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t    \t#Mass of CO2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t    \t#Mass of CO per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t    \t#Mass of O2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t    \t#Mass of N2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "d1 = m1*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of CO2\n",
+    "d2 = m2*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of CO\n",
+    "d3 = m3*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of O2\n",
+    "d4 = m4*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of N2\n",
+    "m = ((3*m1)/11)+((3*m2)/7.);\t\t\t#Mass of carbon in kg\n",
+    "md = C/m;\t\t\t    #Mass of dry flue gas in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mass of dry flue gases per kg of coal burnt is %.f kg'%(md)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# note : rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.5  Page no : 17"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum air required to burn 1 kg of coal is 8.43 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of air actually supplied per kg of coal is 11.521 kg  \n",
+      "Amount of excess air supplied per kg of coal burnt is 3.090 kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.624;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.042;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.045;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.13;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO2\n",
+    "CO = 0.003;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO\n",
+    "O2 = 0.06;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N2 = 0.807;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "M1 = 44;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 28;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO\n",
+    "M3 = 32;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "mw = 0.378;\t\t\t#Mass of H2O in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)));\t\t\t#Minimum air required in kg\n",
+    "c1 = CO2*M1;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO2\n",
+    "c2 = CO*M2;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO\n",
+    "c3 = O2*M3;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of O2\n",
+    "c4 = N2*M4;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of N2\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional mass of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t\t#Mass of O2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "d1 = m1*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of CO2\n",
+    "d2 = m2*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of CO\n",
+    "d3 = m3*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of O2\n",
+    "d4 = m4*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of N2\n",
+    "mC = ((3*m1)/11)+((3*m2)/7);\t\t\t#Mass of carbon in kg\n",
+    "md = C/mC;\t\t\t#Mass of dry flue gas in kg\n",
+    "mact = (md+mw)-(C+H+O);\t\t\t#Actual air supplied per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "me = mact-m;\t\t\t#Mass of excess air per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Minimum air required to burn 1 kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of air actually supplied per kg of coal is %3.3f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nAmount of excess air supplied per kg of coal burnt is %3.3f kg'%(m,mact,me)\n",
+    "#rounding-off errors"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.6  Page no : 19"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mass of air to be supplied is 9.92 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of CO2 produced per kg of coal is 2.86 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of H2O produced per kg of coal is 0.27 kg\n",
+      "Mass of SO2 produced per kg of coal is 0.02 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of excess O2 produced per kg of coal is 0.69 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of N2 produced per kg of coal is 9.90 kg \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.78;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "S = 0.01;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "me = 0.3;\t\t\t#Mass of excess air supplied\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mec = me*m;\t\t\t#Excess air supplied per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mact = m+mec;\t\t\t#Actual mass of air supplied per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mCO2 = (11*C)/3;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mHw = 9*H;\t\t\t#Mass of H2O produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mSO2 = 2*S;\t\t\t#Mass of SO2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mO2 = 0.232*mec;\t\t\t#Mass of excess O2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mN2 = 0.768*mact;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mass of air to be supplied is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of CO2 produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of H2O produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg\\\n",
+    "\\nMass of SO2 produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of excess O2 produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of N2 produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg '%(m,mCO2,mHw,mSO2,mO2,mN2)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.7  Page no : 20"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum mass of air required is 11.4 kg  \n",
+      "Total mass of dry flue gases per kg of fuel is 17.93 kg  \n",
+      "Percentage composition of CO2 by volume is 12.69 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage composition of SO2 by volume is 0.048 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage composition of O2 by volume is 7.2 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage composition of N2 by volume is 80.08 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.9;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.033;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N = 0.008;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "S = 0.009;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "M1 = 44;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 64;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of SO2\n",
+    "M3 = 32;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Minimum mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mCO2 = (11*C)/3;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mHw = 9*H;\t\t\t#Mass of H2O produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mSO2 = 2*S;\t\t\t#Mass of SO2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mt = 11.5*1.5;\t\t\t#Total mass of air supplied per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "me = mt-m;\t\t\t#Excess air supplied in kg\n",
+    "mO2 = 0.232*me;\t\t\t#Mass of excess O2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mN2 = 0.768*mt;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mtN2 = mN2+N;\t\t\t#Total mass of Nitrogen in exhaust in kg\n",
+    "md = mCO2+mSO2+mO2+mtN2;\t\t\t#Total mass of dry flue gases per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "CO2 = (mCO2/md)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO2 by mass in percent\n",
+    "SO2 = (mSO2/md)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of SO2 by mass in percent\n",
+    "O2 = (mO2/md)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of O2 by mass in percent\n",
+    "N2 = (mN2/md)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of N2 by mass in percent\n",
+    "c1 = CO2/M1;\t\t\t#Proportional volume of CO2\n",
+    "c2 = SO2/M2;\t\t\t#Proportional volume of SO2\n",
+    "c3 = O2/M3;\t\t\t#Proportional volume of O2\n",
+    "c4 = N2/M4;\t\t\t#Proportional volume of N2\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional volume of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t\t#Volume of CO2 in 1 (m**3) of flue gas\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t\t#Volume of SO2 in 1 (m**3) of flue gas\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t\t#Volume of O2 in 1 (m**3) of flue gas\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t\t#Volume of N2 in 1 (m**3) of flue gas\n",
+    "d1 = m1*100;\t\t\t#Volume analysis of CO2\n",
+    "d2 = m2*100;\t\t\t#Volume analysis of SO2\n",
+    "d3 = m3*100;\t\t\t#Volume analysis of O2\n",
+    "d4 = m4*100;\t\t\t#Volume analysis of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Minimum mass of air required is %3.1f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nTotal mass of dry flue gases per kg of fuel is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage composition of CO2 by volume is %3.2f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage composition of SO2 by volume is %3.3f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage composition of O2 by volume is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage composition of N2 by volume is %3.2f percent'%(m,md,d1,d2,d3,d4)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# note : rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.8  Page no : 21"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mass of air actually supplied per kg of coal is 18.20 kg  \n",
+      "Percentage of excess air is 60 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.88;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.036;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.048;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of oxygen\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.109;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO2\n",
+    "CO = 0.01;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO\n",
+    "O2 = 0.071;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N2 = 0.81;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "M1 = 44.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO\n",
+    "M3 = 32.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)));\t\t\t#Theoretical air required in kg\n",
+    "c1 = CO2*M1;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO2\n",
+    "c2 = CO*M2;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO\n",
+    "c3 = O2*M3;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of O2\n",
+    "c4 = N2*M4;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of N2\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional mass of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t\t#Mass of O2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "mC = ((3*m1)/11)+((3*m2)/7);\t\t\t#Mass of carbon in kg\n",
+    "md = C/mC;\t\t\t#Mass of dry flue gas in kg\n",
+    "hc = H*9;\t\t\t#Hydrogen combustion in kg of H2O\n",
+    "mair = (md+hc)-(C+H+O);\t\t\t#Mass of air supplied per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "me = mair-m;\t\t\t#Excess air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mN2 = m4*md;\t\t\t#Mass of nitrogen per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mact = mN2/0.768;\t\t\t#Actual mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "pe = (me/m)*100;\t\t\t#Perccentage excess air in percent\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mass of air actually supplied per kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage of excess air is %.f percent'%(mact,pe)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# note : rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.9  Page no : 22"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mass of excess air supplied per kg of fuel burnt is 6.0 kg/kg of fuel  \n",
+      "Air-fuel ratio is 20.7:1\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.84;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.14;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.02;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of oxygen\n",
+    "CO2 = 8.85;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO2\n",
+    "CO = 1.2;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO\n",
+    "O2 = 6.8;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N2 = 83.15;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "M1 = 44.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO\n",
+    "M3 = 32.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "a = 8/3.;\t\t\t#O2 required per kg C\n",
+    "b = 8.; \t\t\t#O2 required per kg H2\n",
+    "mair = 0.23;\t\t\t#Mass of air\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c = C*a;\t\t\t#O2 required per kg of fuel for C\n",
+    "d = H*b;\t\t\t#O2 required per kg of fuel for H2\n",
+    "tO2 = c+d+O;\t\t\t#Theoreticcal O2 required in kg/kg of fuel\n",
+    "tm = tO2/mair;\t\t\t#Theoretical mass of air in kg/kg of fuel\n",
+    "c1 = CO2*M1;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO2 by Volume\n",
+    "c2 = CO*M2;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO by Volume\n",
+    "c3 = O2*M3;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of O2 by Volume\n",
+    "c4 = N2*M4;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of N2 by Volume\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional mass of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t\t#Mass of O2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "mC = ((m1*12)/M1)+((m2*12)/M2);\t\t\t#Mass of carbon per kg of dry flue gas in kg\n",
+    "md = C/mC;\t\t\t#Mass of dry flue per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "p = (4*m2)/7;\t\t\t#Oxygen required to burn CO in kg\n",
+    "meO2 = md*(m3-p);\t\t\t#Mass of excess O2 per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "me = meO2/mair;\t\t\t#Mass of excess air in kg/kg fuel\n",
+    "mt = tm+me;\t\t\t#Total air required per kg fuel\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mass of excess air supplied per kg of fuel burnt is %3.1f kg/kg of fuel  \\\n",
+    "\\nAir-fuel ratio is %3.1f:1'%(me,mt)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.10  Page no : 23"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Volume of air required for complete combustion is 1.178 m**3)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "H2 = 0.27;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of H2 by volume\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.18;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO2 by volume\n",
+    "CO = 0.125;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO by volume\n",
+    "CH4 = 0.025;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CH4 by volume\n",
+    "N2 = 0.4;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of N2 by volume\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "v = (2.38*(H2+CO))+(9.52*CH4);\t\t\t#Volume of air required for complete combustion in (m**3)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Volume of air required for complete combustion is %3.3f m**3)'%(v)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.11  Page no : 24"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Air-fuel ratio by volume is 5.055\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "H2 = 0.5;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of H2 by volume\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO2 by volume\n",
+    "CO = 0.05;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO by volume\n",
+    "CH4 = 0.25;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CH4 by volume\n",
+    "N2 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of N2 by volume\n",
+    "pCO2 = 8;\t\t\t#Percentage volumetric analysis of CO2\n",
+    "pO2 = 6;\t\t\t#Percentage volumetric analysis of O2\n",
+    "pN2 = 86;\t\t\t#Percentage volumetric analysis of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "v = (2.38*(H2+CO))+(9.52*CH4);\t\t\t#Volume of air required for complete combustion in (m**3)\n",
+    "vN2 = v*0.79;\t\t\t#Volume of nitrogen in the air in m**3\n",
+    "a = CO+CH4+CO2;\t\t\t#CO2 formed per m**3 of fuel gas burnt\n",
+    "b = vN2+N2;\t\t\t#N2 formed per m**3 of fuel gas burnt\n",
+    "vt = a+b;\t\t\t#Total volume of dry flue gas formed in m**3\n",
+    "ve = (pO2*vt)/(21-pO2);\t\t\t#Excess air supplied in m**3\n",
+    "V = v+ve;\t\t\t#Total quantity of air supplied in m**3\n",
+    "afr = V/1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Air-fuel ratio by volume is %3.3f'%(afr)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.12  Page no : 24"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Volume of air required for complete combustion is 0.952 m**3)  \n",
+      "Volume of CO2 per m**3 of gas fuel is 0.29 m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \n",
+      "Volume of N2 per m**3 of gas fuel is 1.603 m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \n",
+      "Volume of excess O2 per m**3 of gas fuel is 0.08 m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \n",
+      "Total volume of dry combustion products is 1.973 m**3/m**3 of gas fuel \n",
+      "Percentage volume of CO2 is 14.7 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage volume of N2 is 81.25 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage volume of O2 is 4.05 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "H2 = 0.14;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of H2 by volume\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.05;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO2 by volume\n",
+    "CO = 0.22;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO by volume\n",
+    "CH4 = 0.02;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CH4 by volume\n",
+    "O2 = 0.02;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of O2 by volume\n",
+    "N2 = 0.55;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of N2 by volume\n",
+    "e = 0.4;\t\t\t#Excess air supplied\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "v = (2.38*(H2+CO))+(9.52*CH4)-(4.76*O2);\t\t\t#Volume of air required for complete combustion in (m**3)\n",
+    "ve = v*e;\t\t\t#Volume of excess air supplied in m**3\n",
+    "vtN2 = v-(v*0.21);\t\t\t#Volume of N2 in theoretical air in m**3\n",
+    "veN2 = ve-(ve*0.21);\t\t\t#Volume of N2 in excess air in m**3\n",
+    "vt = vtN2+veN2;\t\t\t#Total volume of N2 in air supplied in m**3\n",
+    "vCO2 = CO+CH4+CO2;\t\t\t#CO2 formed per m**3 of fuel gas\n",
+    "vN2 = vt+N2;\t\t\t#N2 formed per m**3 of fuel gas\n",
+    "veO2 = ve*0.21;\t\t\t#Volume of excess O2 per m**3 of fuel gas\n",
+    "vT = vCO2+vN2+veO2;\t\t\t#Total volume of dry combustion products\n",
+    "pCO2 = (vCO2*100)/vT;\t\t\t#Percentage volume of CO2\n",
+    "pN2 = (vN2*100)/vT;\t\t\t#Percentage volume of N2\n",
+    "pO2 = (veO2*100)/vT;\t\t\t#Percentage volume of O2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Volume of air required for complete combustion is %3.3f m**3)  \\\n",
+    "\\nVolume of CO2 per m**3 of gas fuel is %3.2f m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \\\n",
+    "\\nVolume of N2 per m**3 of gas fuel is %3.3f m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \\\n",
+    "\\nVolume of excess O2 per m**3 of gas fuel is %3.2f m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \\\n",
+    "\\nTotal volume of dry combustion products is %3.3f m**3/m**3 of gas fuel \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage volume of CO2 is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage volume of N2 is %3.2f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage volume of O2 is %3.2f percent'%(v,vCO2,vN2,veO2,vT,pCO2,pN2,pO2)\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch2.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch2.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ffb6e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1161 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 2 : Gas Power Cycles"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.1  Page no : 55"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum pressure of the cycle is 9.434 MPa  \n",
+      "Maximum temperature of the cycle  is 3632 K  \n",
+      "Cycle efficiency is 56.4 percent  \n",
+      "Mean effective pressure is 1.533 MPa\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Pressure of air supplied in MPa\n",
+    "T1 = 308;\t\t\t#Temperature of air supplied in K\n",
+    "rv = 8;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "q1 = 2100;\t\t\t#Heat supplied in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "Cv = 0.718;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant volume in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "R = 0.287;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "y = Cp/Cv;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "n = (1-(1/(rv**(y-1))))*100;\t\t\t#Cycle efficiency\n",
+    "v1 = (R*T1)/(P1*1000);\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 1 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "v2 = v1/rv;\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 2 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(rv**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "T3 = (q1/Cv)+T2;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "P2 = P1*(rv**y);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in MPa\n",
+    "P3 = P2*(T3/T2);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in MPa\n",
+    "wnet = (q1*n)/100;\t\t\t#Net workdone in J/kg\n",
+    "MEP = (wnet/(v1-v2))/1000;\t\t\t#Mean effective pressure in MPa\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Maximum pressure of the cycle is %3.3f MPa  \\\n",
+    "\\nMaximum temperature of the cycle  is %3.0f K  \\\n",
+    "\\nCycle efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nMean effective pressure is %3.3f MPa'%(P3,T3,n,MEP)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.2  Page no : 57"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Relative efficiency of the engine is 38.8 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "d = 80;\t\t\t#Bore in mm\n",
+    "L = 85;\t\t\t#Stroke in mm\n",
+    "Vc = 0.06;\t\t\t#Clearance volume in litre\n",
+    "n = 0.22;\t\t\t#Actual thermal efficiency\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Vs = (3.147/4)*(d**2)*L;\t\t\t#Stroke volume in mm**3\n",
+    "Vt = Vs+(Vc*(10**6));\t\t\t#Total volume in mm**3\n",
+    "rv = Vt/(Vc*(10**6));\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "ni = (1-(1/(rv**(y-1))));\t\t\t#Ideal thermal efficiency\n",
+    "nr = (n/ni)*100;\t\t\t#Relative efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Relative efficiency of the engine is %3.1f percent'%(nr)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.3  Page no : 57"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Clearance volume is 14.6 percent of swept volume  \n",
+      "Otto cycle efficiency is 56.15 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "d = 0.137;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+    "L = 0.13;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+    "Vc = 280*(10**-6);\t\t\t#Clearance volume in m**3\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Vs = (3.147/4)*(d**2)*L;\t\t\t#Stroke volume in m**3\n",
+    "rv = (Vc/Vs)*100;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "rvf = (Vs+Vc)/Vc;\t\t\t#final compression ratio\n",
+    "n = (1-(1/rvf**(y-1)))*100;\t\t\t#Cycle efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Clearance volume is %3.1f percent of swept volume  \\\n",
+    "\\nOtto cycle efficiency is %3.2f percent'%(rv,n)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.4  Page no : 58"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum pressure of the cycle is 6449.19 kPa  \n",
+      "Maximum temperature of the cycle is 1968.7 K  \n",
+      "Amount of heat transferred is 0.65 kJ  \n",
+      "Thermal efficiency is 59.4 percent  \n",
+      "Mean effective pressure is 718.3 kPa\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "rv = 9.5;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "P1 = 100.;\t\t\t#Air pressure in kPa\n",
+    "T1 = 290.;\t\t\t#Air temperature in K\n",
+    "V1 = 600.*(10**-6);\t\t\t#Volume of air in m**3\n",
+    "T4 = 800.;\t\t\t#Final temperature in K\n",
+    "R = 287.;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in J/kg.K\n",
+    "Cv = 0.718;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant volume in kJ/kg.K\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "T3 = T4*(rv**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at the end of constant volume heat addition in K\n",
+    "P2 = P1*(rv**y);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in kPa\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(rv**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "P3 = P2*(T3/T2);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in kPa\n",
+    "m = (P1*1000*V1)/(R*T1);\t\t\t#Specific mass in kg/s\n",
+    "Q = m*Cv*(T3-T2);\t\t\t#Heat transferred in kJ\n",
+    "n = (1-(1/rv**(y-1)))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "Wnet = (n*Q)/100;\t\t\t#Net workdone in kJ\n",
+    "MEP = Wnet/(V1*(1-(1/rv)));\t\t\t#Mean effective pressure in kPa\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Maximum pressure of the cycle is %3.2f kPa  \\\n",
+    "\\nMaximum temperature of the cycle is %3.1f K  \\\n",
+    "\\nAmount of heat transferred is %3.2f kJ  \\\n",
+    "\\nThermal efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nMean effective pressure is %3.1f kPa'%(P3,T3,Q,n,MEP)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.5  Page no : 60"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Pressure at the end of heat addition process is 4392.3 kPa\n",
+      "Temperature at the end of heat addition process is 1733.8 K\n",
+      "Net work output is 423.54 kJ/kg\n",
+      "Thermal efficiency is 56.47 percent\n",
+      "Mean effective pressure is 534 kPa\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "rv = 8.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "P1 = 95.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in kPa\n",
+    "T1 = 300.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "q23 = 750.;\t\t\t#Heat transferred during consmath.tant volume heat addition process in kJ/kg\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "Cv = 0.718;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant volume in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "R = 287.;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in J/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(rv**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "P2 = P1*(rv**y);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in kPa\n",
+    "T3 = (q23/Cv)+T2;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "P3 = P2*(T3/T2);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in kPa\n",
+    "nth = (1-(1/(rv**(y-1))))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "Wnet = (nth*q23)/100;\t\t\t#Net work output in kJ/kg\n",
+    "v1 = (R*T1)/(P1*1000);\t\t\t#Speific volume at point 1 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "MEP = Wnet/(v1*(1-(1/rv)));\t\t\t#Mean effective pressure in kPa\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Pressure at the end of heat addition process is %3.1f kPa'%P3\n",
+    "print 'Temperature at the end of heat addition process is %3.1f K'%T3\n",
+    "print 'Net work output is %3.2f kJ/kg'%Wnet\n",
+    "print 'Thermal efficiency is %3.2f percent'%nth\n",
+    "print 'Mean effective pressure is %3.0f kPa'%MEP\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.6  Page no : 61"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Air standard efficiency is 60.4 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "rv = 14.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "c = 0.06;\t\t\t#Cut-off percentage\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "rc = 1.78;\t\t\t#Cut-off ratio\n",
+    "nth = (1-(((rc**y)-1)/((rv**(y-1))*y*(rc-1))))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Air standard efficiency is %3.1f percent'%(nth)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.7  Page no : 62"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cut-off ratio is 2.01  \n",
+      "Heat supplied is 884.4 kJ/kg\n",
+      "Cycle efficiency is 61.3 percent  \n",
+      "Mean effective pressure is 699.35 kPa\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "rv = 16.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "P1 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in MPa\n",
+    "T1 = 288.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "T3 = 1753.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "R = 0.287;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "T2 = int(T1*(rv**(y-1)));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "rc = round(T3/T2,2);\t\t\t#Cut-off ratio\n",
+    "q1 = Cp*(T3-T2);\t\t\t#Heat supplied in kJ/kg\n",
+    "nth = (1-(((rc**y)-1)/((rv**(y-1))*y*(rc-1))))*100;\t\t\t#Cycle efficiency\n",
+    "wnet = int((q1*nth)/100);\t\t\t#Net work done in kJ/kg\n",
+    "v1 = round((R*T1)/(P1*1000),3);\t\t\t#Speific volume at point 1 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "v2 = round(v1/rv,3);\t\t\t#Speific volume at point 2 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "MEP = wnet/(v1-v2);\t\t\t#Mean effective pressure in kPa\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Cut-off ratio is %3.2f  \\\n",
+    "\\nHeat supplied is %3.1f kJ/kg\\\n",
+    "\\nCycle efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nMean effective pressure is %3.2f kPa'%(rc,q1,nth,MEP)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.8  Page no : 64"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Air standard efficiency at 5 percent cut-off is 59.36 percent\n",
+      "Air standard efficiency at 8 percent cut-off is 57.40 percent\n",
+      "Percentage loss in efficiency is 1.95 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "d = 0.15;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+    "L = 0.25;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+    "Vc = 400*(10**-6);\t\t\t#Clearance volume in m**3\n",
+    "V2 = Vc;\t\t\t#Clearance volume in m**3\n",
+    "c1 = 0.05;\t\t\t#Cut-off percentage 1\n",
+    "c2 = 0.08;\t\t\t#Cut-off percentage 2\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Vs = (3.147/4)*(d**2)*L;\t\t\t#Stroke volume in m**3\n",
+    "V31 = V2+(c1*Vs);\t\t\t#Volume at the point of cut-off in m**3\n",
+    "rc1 = V31/V2;\t\t\t#Cut-off ratio 1\n",
+    "rv = (Vc+Vs)/Vc;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "nth1 = (1-(((rc1**y)-1)/((rv**(y-1))*y*(rc1-1))))*100;\t\t\t#Air standard efficiency 1\n",
+    "V32 = V2+(c2*Vs);\t\t\t#Volume at the point of cut-off in m**3\n",
+    "rc2 = V32/V2;\t\t\t#Cut-off ratio 2\n",
+    "nth2 = (1-(((rc2**y)-1)/((rv**(y-1))*y*(rc2-1))))*100;\t\t\t#Air standard efficiency 2\n",
+    "pl = nth1-nth2;\t\t\t#Percentage loss in efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Air standard efficiency at 5 percent cut-off is %3.2f percent\\\n",
+    "\\nAir standard efficiency at 8 percent cut-off is %3.2f percent\\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage loss in efficiency is %3.2f percent'%(nth1,nth2,pl)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.9  Page no : 65"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum temperature attained during the cycle is 1595.4 oC  \n",
+      "Thermal efficiency of the cycle is 60.3 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "e = 7.5;\t\t\t#Expansion ratio\n",
+    "c = 15.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "P1 = 98.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in kN/(m**2)\n",
+    "P4 = 258.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 4 in kN/(m**2)\n",
+    "T1 = 317.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "T4 = T1*(P4/P1);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "T3 = T4*(e**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "t3 = T3-273;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in oC\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(c**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "n = (1-((T4-T1)/(y*(T3-T2))))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Maximum temperature attained during the cycle is %3.1f oC  \\\n",
+    "\\nThermal efficiency of the cycle is %3.1f percent'%(t3,n)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.10  Page no : 66"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Thermal efficiency is 63.5 percent  \n",
+      "Mean effective pressure is 933 kPa\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "rv = 20.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "P1 = 95.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in kPa\n",
+    "T1 = 293.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "T3 = 2200.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "R = 287.;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in J/kg-K\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "P2 = P1*(rv**y);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in kPa\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(rv**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "v2 = (R*T2)/(P2*1000);\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 2 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "v3 = v2*(T3/T2);\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 3 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "rc = v3/v2;\t\t\t#Cut-off ratio\n",
+    "nth = (1-(((rc**y)-1)/((rv**(y-1))*y*(rc-1))))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "q23 = Cp*(T3-T2);\t\t\t#Heat flow between points 2 and 3 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "wnet = (nth*q23)/100;\t\t\t#Net workdone in kJ/kg\n",
+    "MEP = wnet/(v2*(rv-1));\t\t\t#Mean effective pressure in kPa\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Thermal efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nMean effective pressure is %.f kPa'%(nth,MEP)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.11  Page no : 68"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cut-off ratio is   2  \n",
+      "Air standard efficiency is 65.36 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "rv = 21.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "re = 10.5;\t\t\t#Expansion ratio\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "rc = rv/re;\t\t\t#Cut-off ratio\n",
+    "nth = (1-(((rc**y)-1)/((rv**(y-1))*y*(rc-1))))*100;\t\t\t#Air standard efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Cut-off ratio is %3.0f  \\\n",
+    "\\nAir standard efficiency is %3.2f percent'%(rc,nth)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.12  Page no : 69"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Ideal efficiency of engine is 61.5 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "rv = 16.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "rp = 1.5;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "cp = 8;\t\t\t#Cut-off percentage\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "rc = 2.2;\t\t\t#Cut-off ratio\n",
+    "ntd = (1-((rp*(rc**y)-1)/((rv**(y-1)*((rp-1)+(y*rp*(rc-1)))))))*100;\t\t\t#Dual cycle efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Ideal efficiency of engine is %3.1f percent'%(ntd)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.13  Page no : 69"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Ideal efficiency of the engine is 62.2 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "d = 0.2;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+    "L = 0.5;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+    "c = 0.06;\t\t\t#Cut-off percentage\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "rv = 15.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "rp = 1.4;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Vs = (3.147/4)*(d**2)*L;\t\t\t#Stroke volume in m**3\n",
+    "DV = c*Vs;\t\t\t#Difference in volumes at points 4 and 3\n",
+    "V3 = Vs/(rv-1);\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 3 in m**3\n",
+    "V4 = V3+DV;\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 4 in m**3\n",
+    "rc = V4/V3;\t\t\t#Cut-off ratio\n",
+    "ntd = (1-((rp*(rc**y)-1)/((rv**(y-1)*((rp-1)+(y*rp*(rc-1)))))))*100;\t\t\t#Ideal efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Ideal efficiency of the engine is %3.1f percent'%(ntd)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.14  Page no : 70"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Amount of heat added is 1742.1 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Amount of heat rejected is 772.91 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Workdone per cycle is 12.23 kJ/cycle  \n",
+      "Thermal efficiency is 55.63 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "d = 0.2;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+    "L = 0.3;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+    "c = 0.04;\t\t\t#Cut-off percentage\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "rv = 8.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+    "P3 = 60.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in bar\n",
+    "T1 = 298.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "R = 287.;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in J/kg\n",
+    "Cv = 0.718;\t\t\t#Speific heat at constant volume in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Speific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Vs = (3.147/4)*(d**2)*L;\t\t\t#Stroke volume in m**3\n",
+    "V2 = Vs/(rv-1);\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 2 in m**3\n",
+    "V3 = V2;\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 3 in m**3\n",
+    "V1 = V2+Vs;\t\t\t#Specific volume at pont 1 in m**3\n",
+    "V5 = V1;\t\t\t#Specific volume at pont 5 in m**3\n",
+    "P2 = P1*(rv**y);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(rv**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "T3 = T2*(P3/P2);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "V4 = V3+(c*(V1-V2));\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 4 in m**3\n",
+    "T4 = T3*(V4/V3);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "T5 = T4*((V4/V5)**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 5 in K\n",
+    "q1 = (Cv*(T3-T2))+(Cp*(T4-T3));\t\t\t#Heat added in kJ/kg\n",
+    "q2 = Cv*(T5-T1);\t\t\t#Heat rejected in kJ/kg\n",
+    "nth = (1-(q2/q1))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "m = (P1*V1*(10**5))/(R*T1);\t\t\t#Mass of air supplied in kg\n",
+    "W = m*(q1-q2);\t\t\t#Workdone in kJ/cycle\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Amount of heat added is %3.1f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nAmount of heat rejected is %3.2f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nWorkdone per cycle is %3.2f kJ/cycle  \\\n",
+    "\\nThermal efficiency is %3.2f percent'%(q1,q2,W,nth)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.15  Page no : 72"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mean effective pressure is 19.78 bar\n",
+      "Thermal efficiency is 56.48 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+    "P3 = 70.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in bar\n",
+    "T1 = 310.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "rv = 10.;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "qin = 2805.;\t\t\t#Heat added in kJ/kg\n",
+    "m = 1.;\t\t\t#Mass of air in kg\n",
+    "R = 287.;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in J/kg\n",
+    "Cv = 0.718;\t\t\t#Speific heat at constant volume in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Speific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "V1 = (m*R*T1)/(P1*(10**5));\t\t\t#Volume at point 1 in m**3\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(rv**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "P2 = P1*(rv**y);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in K\n",
+    "T3 = T2*(P3/P2);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "q23 = Cv*(T3-T2);\t\t\t#Heat supplied at constant volume in kJ/kg\n",
+    "q34 = qin-q23;\t\t\t#Heat supplied at constant pressure in kJ/kg\n",
+    "T4 = (q34/Cp)+T3;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "V2 = V1/rv;\t\t\t#Volume at point 2 in m**3\n",
+    "V4 = V2*(T4/T3);\t\t\t#Volume at point 4 in m**3\n",
+    "V5 = V1;\t\t\t#Volume at point 5 in m**3\n",
+    "T5 = T4*((V4/V5)**(y-1));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 5 in K\n",
+    "qout = Cv*(T5-T1);\t\t\t#Heat rejected in kJ/kg\n",
+    "nth = (1-(qout/qin))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "W = qin-qout;\t\t\t#Workdone in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Vs = V1*(1-(1/rv));\t\t\t#Swept volume in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "MEP = (W/Vs)/100;\t\t\t#Mean effective pressure in bar\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mean effective pressure is %3.2f bar\\\n",
+    "\\nThermal efficiency is %3.2f percent'%(MEP,nth)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.16  Page no : 74"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cycle efficiency is 26.94 percent  \n",
+      "Heat supplied to air is 517.7 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Work available at the shaft is 139.47 kJ/kg\n",
+      "Heat rejected in the cooler is 378.23 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Turbine exit temperature is 674.34 K\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+    "T1 = 298.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "P2 = 3.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+    "T3 = 923.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Speific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = (y-1)/y;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "rp = P2/P1;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+    "nth = (1-(1/(rp**x)))*100;\t\t\t#Cycle efficiency\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(rp**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "q1 = Cp*(T3-T2);\t\t\t#Heat supplied in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Wout = (nth*q1)/100;\t\t\t#Work output in kJ/kg\n",
+    "q2 = q1-Wout;\t\t\t#Heat rejected in kJ/kg\n",
+    "T4 = T3*((1/rp)**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Cycle efficiency is %3.2f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nHeat supplied to air is %3.1f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nWork available at the shaft is %3.2f kJ/kg\\\n",
+    "\\nHeat rejected in the cooler is %3.2f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nTurbine exit temperature is %3.2f K'%(nth,q1,Wout,q2,T4)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.17  Page no : 75"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Optimum pressure ratio is 14.74  \n",
+      "Maximum net specific work output 401 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Thermal efficiency  54 percent  \n",
+      "Work ratio is 0.54  \n",
+      "Carnot efficiency is  79 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "T1 = 283.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "T3 = 1353.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "y = 1.41;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "Cp = 1.007;\t\t\t#Specific heat constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = (y-1)/y;\t            \t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "rpmax = ((T3/T1)**(1/x));\t\t\t#Maximum pressure ratio\n",
+    "rpopt = math.sqrt(rpmax);\t\t\t#Optimum pressure ratio\n",
+    "T2 = T1*(rpopt**x);\t        \t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "T4 = T2;\t\t\t                #Maximum temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "Wmax = Cp*((T3-T4)-(T2-T1));\t\t\t#Maximum net specific work output in kJ/kg\n",
+    "nth = (Wmax/(Cp*(T3-T2)))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "WR = nth/100;           \t\t\t#Work ratio\n",
+    "nc = ((T3-T1)/T3)*100;\t    \t\t#Carnot efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Optimum pressure ratio is %3.2f  \\\n",
+    "\\nMaximum net specific work output %3.0f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nThermal efficiency %3.0f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nWork ratio is %3.2f  \\\n",
+    "\\nCarnot efficiency is %3.0f percent'%(rpopt,Wmax,nth,WR,nc)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error. please check."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.18  Page no : 76"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum work per kg of air is 239.47 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Cycle efficiency is  47 percent\n",
+      "Ratio of brayton cycle efficiency to carnot efficieny is 0.654\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "Tmin = 300.;\t\t\t#Minimum temperature in K\n",
+    "Tmax = 1073.;\t\t\t#Maximum temperature in K\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Wmax = Cp*((math.sqrt(Tmax)-math.sqrt(Tmin))**2);\t\t\t#Maximum work output in kJ/kg\n",
+    "nB = (1-math.sqrt(Tmin/Tmax))*100;\t\t\t#Brayton cycle efficiency\n",
+    "nC = (1-(Tmin/Tmax))*100;\t\t        \t#Carnot efficiency\n",
+    "r = nB/nC;\t                    \t\t    #Ratio of brayton cycle efficiency to carnot efficieny\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Maximum work per kg of air is %3.2f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nCycle efficiency is %3.0f percent\\\n",
+    "\\nRatio of brayton cycle efficiency to carnot efficieny is %3.3f'%(Wmax,nB,r)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.19  Page no : 77"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Net power output of the turbine is 1014 kW  \n",
+      "Thermal efficiency of the plant is  32 percent\n",
+      "Work ratio is 0.446\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "T1 = 291.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "P1 = 100.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in kN/(m**2)\n",
+    "nC = 0.85;\t\t\t#Isentropic efficiency of compressor\n",
+    "nT = 0.88;\t\t\t#Isentropic effficiency of turbine\n",
+    "rp = 8.;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+    "T3 = 1273.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "m = 4.5;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of air in kg/s\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of speciifc heats\n",
+    "Cp = 1.006;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = (y-1)/y;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "T2s = T1*(rp**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2s in K\n",
+    "T2 = T1+((T2s-T1)/nC);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "t2 = T2-273;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in oC\n",
+    "T4s = T3*((1/rp)**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4s in K\n",
+    "T4 = T3-((T3-T4s)*nT);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "t4 = T4-273;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in oC\n",
+    "W = m*Cp*((T3-T4)-(T2-T1));\t\t\t#Net power output in kW\n",
+    "nth = (((T3-T4)-(T2-T1))/(T3-T2))*100;\t\t\t#Thermal efficiency\n",
+    "WR = W/(m*Cp*(T3-T4));\t\t\t#Work ratio\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Net power output of the turbine is %3.0f kW  \\\n",
+    "\\nThermal efficiency of the plant is %3.0f percent\\\n",
+    "\\nWork ratio is %3.3f'%(W,nth,WR)\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.20  Page no : 79"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Percentage increase in the cycle efficiency due to regeneration is 41.41 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in MPa\n",
+    "T1 = 303.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "T3 = 1173.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "rp = 6.; \t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+    "nC = 0.8;\t\t\t#Compressor efficiency\n",
+    "nT = nC;\t\t\t#Turbine efficiency\n",
+    "e = 0.75;\t\t\t#Regenerator effectiveness\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = (y-1)/y;    \t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "T2s = T1*(rp**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2s in K\n",
+    "T4s = T3/(rp**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4s in K\n",
+    "DTa = (T2s-T1)/nC;\t\t\t#Difference in temperatures at point 2 and 1 in K\n",
+    "DTb = (T3-T4s)*nT;\t\t\t#Difference in temperatures at point 3 and 4 in K\n",
+    "wT = Cp*DTb;\t    \t\t#Turbine work in kJ/kg\n",
+    "wC = Cp*DTa;\t\t    \t#Compressor work in kJ/kg\n",
+    "T2 = DTa+T1;\t\t\t    #Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "q1 = Cp*(T3-T2);\t\t\t#Heat supplied in kJ/kg\n",
+    "nth1 = ((wT-wC)/q1)*100;\t\t\t#Cycle efficiency without regenerator\n",
+    "T4 = T3-DTb;\t\t    \t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "T5 = T2+(e*(T4-T2));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 5 in K\n",
+    "q2 = Cp*(T3-T5);\t\t\t#Heat supplied with regenerator in kJ/kg\n",
+    "nth2 = ((wT-wC)/q2)*100;\t\t\t#Cycle efficiency with regenerator\n",
+    "p = ((nth2-nth1)/nth1)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage increase due to regeneration\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Percentage increase in the cycle efficiency due to regeneration is %3.2f percent'%(p)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error. please check."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.21  Page no : 80"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 23,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Velocity of air leaving the nozzle is 712.5 m/s\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in atm\n",
+    "P3 = 5.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in atm\n",
+    "T1 = 288.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "T4 = 1143.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "rp = P3/P1;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+    "x = round((y-1)/y,3);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "rpx = round(rp**x,2)\n",
+    "T3 = round(T1*(rpx));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "T5 = T4-(T3-T1);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 5 in K\n",
+    "T6 = T4/(rpx);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 6 in K\n",
+    "C6 = math.sqrt(2000*Cp*(T5-T6));\t\t\t#Velocity of air leaving the nozzle in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Velocity of air leaving the nozzle is %3.1f m/s'%(C6)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding error. Please check. there is rounding off error in book"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 2.22  Page no : 81"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Pressure at the turbine exit is 374.2 kPa  \n",
+      "Velocity of exhaust gases are 933.5 m/s  \n",
+      "Propulsive efficiency is 26.9 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C1 = 280.;\t\t\t#Velocity of aircraft in m/s\n",
+    "P1 = 48.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 kPa\n",
+    "T1 = 260.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "rp = 13.;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+    "T4 = 1300.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "Cp = 1005.;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in J/kg\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = (y-1)/y;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "T2 = T1+((C1**2)/(2*Cp));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "P2 = P1*((T2/T1)**(1/x));\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in kPa\n",
+    "P3 = rp*P2;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in kPa\n",
+    "P4 = P3;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 4 in kPa\n",
+    "T3 = T2*(rp**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+    "T5 = T4-T3+T2;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 5 in K\n",
+    "P5 = P4*((T5/T4)**(1/x));\t\t\t#Pressure at point 5 in kPa\n",
+    "P6 = P1;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 6 in kPa\n",
+    "T6 = T5*((P6/P5)**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 6 in K\n",
+    "C6 = math.sqrt(2*Cp*(T5-T6));\t\t\t#Velocity of air at nozzle exit in m/s\n",
+    "W = (C6-C1)*C1;\t\t\t#Propulsive power in J/kg\n",
+    "Q = Cp*(T4-T3);\t\t\t#Total heat transfer rate in J/kg\n",
+    "nP = (W/Q)*100;\t\t\t#Propulsive efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Pressure at the turbine exit is %3.1f kPa  \\\n",
+    "\\nVelocity of exhaust gases are %3.1f m/s  \\\n",
+    "\\nPropulsive efficiency is %3.1f percent'%(P5,C6,nP)\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch3.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch3.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b9a3246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch3.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:3e461b166983dbc4e8640a4c60ebf5164b7675ebb01d9440eb0b63f7316d9dde"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 3 :\n",
+      "Internal Combustion Engines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.1  Page no : 139"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "d = 200.;\t\t\t#diameter of cylinder in mm\n",
+      "L = 300.;\t\t\t#stroke of cylinder in mm\n",
+      "Vc = 1.73;\t\t\t#Clearance volume in litres\n",
+      "imep = 650.;\t\t\t#indicated mean effective pressure in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "g = 6.2;\t\t\t#gas consumption in (m**3)/h\n",
+      "CV = 38.5;\t\t\t#Calorific value in MJ/(m**3)\n",
+      "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+      "N = 150.;\t\t\t#No. of firing cycles per minute\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Vs = ((3.1415/4)*(d**2)*L)*(10**-6);\t\t\t#Stroke volume in litres\n",
+      "Vt = Vs+Vc;\t\t\t#Total volume in litres\n",
+      "rv = (Vt/Vc);\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+      "n = (1-(1/rv**(y-1)))*100;\t\t\t#Air standard efficiency\n",
+      "IP = imep*(Vs*10**-3)*(N/60);\t\t\t#Indicated power in kW\n",
+      "F = (g*CV*1000)/3600;\t\t\t#Fuel energy input in kW\n",
+      "nT = (IP/F)*100;\t\t\t#Indicated thermal efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "# 1st answer is wrong in book\n",
+      "print 'Air Standard Efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nIndicated Power is %3.1f kW \\\n",
+      "\\nIndicated thermal efficiency is %3.0f percent'%(n,IP,nT)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Air Standard Efficiency is 52.5 percent  \n",
+        "Indicated Power is 15.3 kW \n",
+        "Indicated thermal efficiency is  23 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2  Page no : 140"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "Vs = 0.0008;\t\t\t#Swept volume in m**3\n",
+      "Vc = 0.00015;\t\t\t#Clearance volume in m**3\n",
+      "CV = 38.;\t\t\t#Calorific value in MJ/(m**3)\n",
+      "v = 0.45;\t\t\t#volume in m**3\n",
+      "IP = 81.5;\t\t\t#Indicated power in kW\n",
+      "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "rv = (Vs+Vc)/Vc;\t\t\t#Compression ratio\n",
+      "n = (1-(1/rv**(y-1)));\t\t\t#Air standard efficiency\n",
+      "Ps = (v*CV*1000.)/60;\t\t\t#Power supplied in kW\n",
+      "nact = IP/Ps;\t\t\t#Actual efficiency\n",
+      "nr = (nact/n)*100;\t\t\t#Relative efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Relative Efficiency is %3.2f percent'%(nr)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding error in book answer. please check."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Relative Efficiency is 54.77 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.3  Page no : 141"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "n = 6.;\t\t\t    #No. of cylinders\n",
+      "d = 0.61;\t\t\t#Diameter in m\n",
+      "L = 1.25;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+      "N = 2.;\t\t    \t#No.of revolutions per second\n",
+      "m = 340.;\t\t\t#mass of fuel oil in kg\n",
+      "CV = 44200.;\t\t#Calorific value in kJ/kg\n",
+      "T = 108.;\t\t\t#Torque in kN-m\n",
+      "imep = 775.;\t\t#Indicated mean efective pressure in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "IP = (imep*L*3.1415*(d**2)*N)/(8);\t\t\t#Indicated power in kW\n",
+      "TotalIP = (n*IP);\t\t\t    #Total indicated power in kW\n",
+      "BP = (2*3.1415*N*T);\t\t\t#Brake power in kW\n",
+      "PI = (m*CV)/3600.;\t\t\t    #Power input in kW\n",
+      "nB = (BP/PI)*100.;\t\t    \t#Brake thermal efficiency\n",
+      "bmep = (BP*8)/(n*L*3.1415*(d**2)*2);\t\t\t#Brake mean effective pressure in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "nM = (BP/TotalIP)*100;\t\t\t#Mechanical efficiency\n",
+      "bsfc = m/BP;\t        \t\t#Brake specific fuel consumption in kg/kWh\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Total Indicated Power is %3.1f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nBrake Power is %3.1f kW \\\n",
+      "\\nBrake thermal efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nBrake mean effective pressure is %3.1f kN/m**2 \\\n",
+      "\\nMechanical efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nBrake specific fuel consumption is %3.3f kg/kW.hr'%(TotalIP,BP,nB,bmep,nM,bsfc)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Total Indicated Power is 1698.6 kW  \n",
+        "Brake Power is 1357.1 kW \n",
+        "Brake thermal efficiency is 32.5 percent  \n",
+        "Brake mean effective pressure is 619.2 kN/m**2 \n",
+        "Mechanical efficiency is 79.9 percent  \n",
+        "Brake specific fuel consumption is 0.251 kg/kW.hr\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4  Page no : 142"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "Hm = 21.;\t\t\t#Mean height of indicator diagram in mm\n",
+      "isn = 27.;\t\t\t#indicator spring number in kN/(m**2)/mm\n",
+      "Vs = 14.;\t\t\t#Swept volume in litres\n",
+      "N = 6.6;\t\t\t#Speed of engine in rev/s\n",
+      "Pe = 77.;\t\t\t#Effective brake load in kg\n",
+      "Re = 0.7;\t\t\t#Effective vrake radius in m\n",
+      "mf = 0.002;\t\t\t#fuel consumed in kg/s\n",
+      "CV = 44000.;\t\t\t#Calorific value of fuel in kJ/kg\n",
+      "mc = 0.15;\t\t\t#cooling water circulation in kg/s\n",
+      "Ti = 311.;\t\t\t#cooling water inlet temperature in K\n",
+      "To = 344.;\t\t\t#cooling water outlet temperature in K\n",
+      "C = 4.18;\t\t\t#specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "Ee = 33.6;\t\t\t#Energy to exhaust gases in kJ/s\n",
+      "g = 9.81;\t\t\t#Acceleration due to geravity in m/(s**2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "imep = isn*Hm;\t\t\t#Indicated mean efective pressure in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "IP = (imep*Vs*N)/(2000);\t\t\t#Indicated Power in kW\n",
+      "BP = (2*3.1415*N*g*Pe*Re)/1000;\t\t\t#Brake Power in kW\n",
+      "nM = (BP/IP)*100;\t\t\t#Mechanical efficiency\n",
+      "Ef = mf*CV;\t\t\t#Eneergy from fuel in kJ/s\n",
+      "Ec = mc*C*(To-Ti);\t\t\t#Energy to cooling water in kJ/s\n",
+      "Es = Ef-(BP+Ec+Ee);\t\t\t#Energy to surroundings in kJ/s\n",
+      "p = (BP*100)/Ef;\t\t\t#Energy to BP in %\n",
+      "q = (Ec*100)/Ef;\t\t\t#Energy to coolant in %\n",
+      "r = (Ee*100)/Ef;\t\t\t#Energy to exhaust in %\n",
+      "w = (Es*100)/Ef;\t\t\t#Energy to surroundings in %\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Indicated Power is %3.1f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nBrake Power is %3.0f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nMechanical Efficiency is %3.0f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nENERGY BALANCE                     kJ/s     Percentage \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy from fuel                  %3.0f        100 \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy to BP                      %3.0f        %3.0f \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy to coolant                 %3.01f       %3.1f \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy to exhaust                 %3.1f        %3.1f \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy to surroundings, etc       %3.1f        %3.1f'%(IP,BP,nM,Ef,BP,p,Ec,q,Ee,r,Es,w)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Indicated Power is 26.2 kW  \n",
+        "Brake Power is  22 kW  \n",
+        "Mechanical Efficiency is  84 percent  \n",
+        "ENERGY BALANCE                     kJ/s     Percentage \n",
+        "Energy from fuel                   88        100 \n",
+        "Energy to BP                       22         25 \n",
+        "Energy to coolant                 20.7       23.5 \n",
+        "Energy to exhaust                 33.6        38.2 \n",
+        "Energy to surroundings, etc       11.8        13.4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.5  Page no : 143"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "t = 30.;\t\t\t#duration of trial in minutes\n",
+      "N = 1750.;\t\t\t#speed in rpm\n",
+      "T = 330.;\t\t\t#brake torque in Nm\n",
+      "m = 9.35;\t\t\t#mass of fuel in kg\n",
+      "CV = 42300.;\t\t\t#Calorific value in kJ/kg\n",
+      "mj = 483.;\t\t\t#jacket cooling water circulation in kg\n",
+      "Ti = 290.;\t\t\t#inlet temperature in K\n",
+      "T0 = 350.;\t\t\t#outlet temperature in K\n",
+      "ma = 182.;\t\t\t#air consumption in kg\n",
+      "Te = 759.;\t\t\t#exhaust temperature in K\n",
+      "Ta = 256.;\t\t\t#atmospheric temperature in K\n",
+      "nM = 0.83;\t\t\t#Mechanical efficiency\n",
+      "ms = 1.25;\t\t\t#mean specific heat capacity of exhaust gas in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "Cw = 4.18;\t\t\t#specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "BP = (2*3.1415*T*N)/(60*1000);\t\t\t#Brake power in kW\n",
+      "sfc = (m*2)/BP;\t\t\t#specific fuel consumption in kg/kWh\n",
+      "IP = BP/nM;\t\t\t#Indicated power in kW\n",
+      "nIT = IP/(m*2/3600*CV)*100    \t\t\t#Indicated thermal efficiency\n",
+      "Ef = (m/t*CV)     \t\t\t#Eneergy from fuel in kJ/min\n",
+      "EBP = BP*60;\t\t\t#Energy to BP in kJ/min\n",
+      "Ec = (mj*Cw*(T0-Ti))/t;\t\t\t#Energy to cooling water in kJ/min\n",
+      "Ee = ((ma+m)*ms*(Te-Ti))/30;\t\t\t#Energy to exhaust in kJ/min\n",
+      "Es = Ef-(EBP+Ec+Ee);\t\t\t#Energy to surroundings in kJ/min\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Break power is %3.1f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nSpecific fuel consumption is %3.3f kg/kWh  \\\n",
+      "\\nIndicated thermal efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy from fuel is %3.0f kJ/min  \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy to BP is %3.0f kJ/min  \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy to cooling water is %3.0f kJ/min  \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy to exhaust is %3.0f kJ/min  \\\n",
+      "\\nEnergy to surroundings is %d kJ/min'%(BP,sfc,nIT,round(Ef,-2),EBP,Ec,Ee,Es)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Break power is 60.5 kW  \n",
+        "Specific fuel consumption is 0.309 kg/kWh  \n",
+        "Indicated thermal efficiency is 33.2 percent  \n",
+        "Energy from fuel is 13200 kJ/min  \n",
+        "Energy to BP is 3628 kJ/min  \n",
+        "Energy to cooling water is 4038 kJ/min  \n",
+        "Energy to exhaust is 3739 kJ/min  \n",
+        "Energy to surroundings is 1777 kJ/min\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6  Page no : 144"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "BP0 = 12.;\t\t\t#Brake Power output in kW\n",
+      "BP1 = 40.5;\t\t\t#Brake Power in trial 1 in kW\n",
+      "BP2 = 40.2;\t\t\t#Brake Power in trial 2 in kW\n",
+      "BP3 = 40.1;\t\t\t#Brake Power in trial 3 in kW\n",
+      "BP4 = 40.6;\t\t\t#Brake Power in trial 4 in kW\n",
+      "BP5 = 40.7;\t\t\t#Brake Power in trial 5 in kW\n",
+      "BP6 = 40.0;\t\t\t#Brake Power in trial 6 in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "BPALL = BP0+BP6;\t\t\t#Total Brake Power in kW\n",
+      "IP1 = BPALL-BP1;\t\t\t#Indicated Power in trial 1 in kW\n",
+      "IP2 = BPALL-BP2;\t\t\t#Indicated Power in trial 2 in kW\n",
+      "IP3 = BPALL-BP3;\t\t\t#Indicated Power in trial 3 in kW\n",
+      "IP4 = BPALL-BP4;\t\t\t#Indicated Power in trial 4 in kW\n",
+      "IP5 = BPALL-BP5;\t\t\t#Indicated Power in trial 5 in kW\n",
+      "IP6 = BPALL-BP6;\t\t\t#Indicated Power in trial 6 in kW\n",
+      "IPALL = IP1+IP2+IP3+IP4+IP5+IP6;\t\t\t#Total Indicated Power in kW\n",
+      "nM = (BPALL/IPALL)*100;\t\t\t#Mechanical efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Indicated Power of the engine is %3.1f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nMechanical efficiency of the engine is %3.1f percent'%(IPALL,nM)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Indicated Power of the engine is 69.9 kW  \n",
+        "Mechanical efficiency of the engine is 74.4 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.7  Page no : 145"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "n = 2.;\t\t\t#No. of cylinders\n",
+      "N = 4000.;\t\t\t#speed of engine in rpm\n",
+      "nV = 0.77;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "nM = 0.75;\t\t\t#Mechanical efficiency\n",
+      "m = 10.;\t\t\t#fuel consumed in lit/h\n",
+      "g = 0.73;\t\t\t#spcific gravity of fuel\n",
+      "Raf = 18.;\t\t\t#air-fuel ratio\n",
+      "Np = 600.;\t\t\t#piston speed in m/min\n",
+      "imep = 5.;\t\t\t#Indicated mean efective pressure in bar\n",
+      "R = 281.;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in J/kg-K\n",
+      "T = 288.;\t\t\t#Standard temperature in K\n",
+      "P = 1.013;\t\t\t#Standard pressure in bar\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "L = Np/(2*N);\t\t\t#Piston stroke in m\n",
+      "mf = m*g;\t\t\t#mass of fuel in kg/h\n",
+      "ma = mf*Raf;\t\t\t#mass of air required in kg/h\n",
+      "Va = (ma*R*T)/(P*60*(10**5));\t\t\t#volume of air required in (m**3)/min\n",
+      "D = math.sqrt((2*Va)/(nV*L*N*3.1415));\t\t\t#Diameter in m\n",
+      "IP = (2*imep*100*L*3.1415*(D**2)*N)/(4.*60);\t\t\t#Indicated Power in kW\n",
+      "BP = nV*IP;\t\t\t#Brake Power in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Piston Stroke is %3.3f m  \\\n",
+      "\\nBore diameter is %3.4f m  \\\n",
+      "\\nBrake power is %3.1f kW'%(L,D,BP)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Piston Stroke is 0.075 m  \n",
+        "Bore diameter is 0.0694 m  \n",
+        "Brake power is 14.6 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch4.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch4.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09c1bcde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch4.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1482 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 4 :  Steam nozzles and Steam turbines"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.1  Page no : 161"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Throat area is 255 mm**2  \n",
+      "Exit area is 344 mm**2  \n",
+      "Mach number at exit is 1.49\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 3.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "T1 = 773.;\t\t\t#Temperature at entry in K\n",
+    "P2 = 0.7;\t\t\t#Pressure at exit in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "ma = 1.3;\t\t\t#mass flow rate of air in kg/s\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "R = 0.287;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in KJ/Kg-K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c = y/(y-1);        \t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "Pt = ((2/(y+1))**c)*P1;\t\t\t#Throat pressure in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "v1 = (R*T1)/(P1*1000);\t\t\t#Specific volume at entry in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "Ct = ((2*c*P1*v1*(1-((Pt/P1)**(1/c))))**0.5)*1000;\t\t\t#Velocity at throat in m/s\n",
+    "vt = v1*((P1/Pt)**(1/y));\t\t\t#Specific volume at throat in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "At = ((ma*vt)/Ct)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Area of throat in (mm**2)\n",
+    "C2 = ((2*c*P1*v1*(1-((P2/P1)**(1/c))))**0.5)*1000;\t\t\t#Velocity at exit in m/s\n",
+    "v2 = v1*((P1/P2)**(1/y));\t\t\t#Specific volume at exit in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "A2 = ((ma*v2)/C2)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Area of exit in (mm**2)\n",
+    "M = C2/Ct;\t\t\t            #Mach number at exit\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Throat area is %3.0f mm**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nExit area is %3.0f mm**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nMach number at exit is %3.2f'%(At,A2,M)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.2  Page no : 163"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Increase in temperature is 356 K  \n",
+      "Increase in pressure is 2.46 MN/m**2  \n",
+      "Increase in internal energy is 255 kJ/kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "T1 = 273.;\t\t\t#Temperature at section 1 in K\n",
+    "P1 = 140.;\t\t\t#Pressure at section 1 in KN/(m**2)\n",
+    "v1 = 900.;\t\t\t#Velocity at section 1 in m/s\n",
+    "v2 = 300.;\t\t\t#Velocity at section 2 in m/s\n",
+    "Cp = 1.006;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "Cv = 0.717;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant volume in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c = y/(y-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "R = Cp-Cv;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in KJ/Kg-K\n",
+    "T2 = T1-(((v2)**2-(v1)**2)/(2000*c*R));\t\t\t#Temperature at section 2 in K\n",
+    "DT = T2-T1;\t\t\t#Increase in temperature in K\n",
+    "P2 = P1*((T2/T1)**c);\t\t\t#Pressure at section 2 in KN/(m**2)\n",
+    "DP = (P2-P1)/1000;\t\t\t#Increase in pressure in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "IE = Cv*(T2-T1);\t\t\t#Increase in internal energy in kJ/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Increase in temperature is %3.0f K  \\\n",
+    "\\nIncrease in pressure is %3.2f MN/m**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nIncrease in internal energy is %3.0f kJ/kg'%(DT,DP,IE)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.3  Page no : 163"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Throat area is 2888 mm**2  \n",
+      "Exit area is 4280 mm**2  \n",
+      "Degree of undercooling at exit is 10.3 K\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 2;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "T1 = 598;\t\t\t#Temperature at entry in K\n",
+    "P2 = 0.36;\t\t\t#Pressure at exit in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "m = 7.5;\t\t\t#mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+    "v1 = 0.132;\t\t\t#Volume at entry in (m**3)/kg from steam table\n",
+    "Ts = 412.9;\t\t\t#Saturation temperature in K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c = n/(n-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "Pt = ((2/(n+1))**c)*P1;\t\t\t#Throat pressure in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "Ct = ((2*c*P1*v1*(1-((Pt/P1)**(1/c))))**0.5)*1000;\t\t\t#Velocity at throat in m/s\n",
+    "vt = v1*((P1/Pt)**(1/n));\t\t\t#Specific volume at throat in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "At = ((m*vt)/Ct)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Area of throat in (mm**2)\n",
+    "C2 = ((2*c*P1*v1*(1-((P2/P1)**(1/c))))**0.5)*1000;\t\t\t#Velocity at exit in m/s\n",
+    "v2 = v1*((P1/P2)**(1/n));\t\t\t#Specific volume at exit in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "A2 = ((m*v2)/C2)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Area of exit in (mm**2)\n",
+    "T2 = T1*((P2/P1)**(1/c));\t\t\t#Temperature at exit in K\n",
+    "D = Ts-T2;\t\t\t#Degree of undercooling at exit in K\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Throat area is %3.0f mm**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nExit area is %3.0f mm**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nDegree of undercooling at exit is %3.1f K'%(At,round(A2,-1),D)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.4  Page no : 165"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Throat velocity is 548 m/s  \n",
+      "Exit velocity is 800 m/s  \n",
+      "Throat area is 3210 mm**2  \n",
+      "Exit area is 6050 mm**2 \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 2.2;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "T1 = 533.;\t\t\t#Temperature at entry in K\n",
+    "P2 = 0.4;\t\t\t#Pressure at exit in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "m = 11.;\t\t\t#mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "n = 0.85;\t\t\t#Efficiency of expansion\n",
+    "h1 = 2940.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at entrance in kJ/kg from Moiller chart\n",
+    "ht = 2790.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at throat in kJ/kg from Moiller chart\n",
+    "h2s = 2590.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy below exit level in kJ/kg from Moiller chart\n",
+    "vt = 0.16;\t\t\t#Throat volume in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "v2 = 0.44;\t\t\t#Volume at exit in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Ct = (2000*(h1-ht))**0.5;\t\t\t#Throat velocity in m/s\n",
+    "h2 = ht-(0.85*(ht-h2s));\t\t\t#Enthalpy at exit in kJ/kg\n",
+    "C2 = (2000*(h1-h2))**0.5;\t\t\t#Exit velocity in m/s\n",
+    "At = ((m*vt)/Ct)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Area of throat in (mm**2)\n",
+    "A2 = ((m*v2)/C2)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Area of exit in (mm**2)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Throat velocity is %3.0f m/s  \\\n",
+    "\\nExit velocity is %3.0f m/s  \\\n",
+    "\\nThroat area is %3.0f mm**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nExit area is %3.0f mm**2 '%(Ct,C2,round(At,-1),A2)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.5  Page no : 166"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Cross section of nozzle is 26.7 mm * 8.9 mm  \n",
+      "Degree of undercooling is 35.8 K and Degree of supersaturation is 2.58  \n",
+      "Loss in available heat drop due to irreversibility is 6.16 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Increase in entropy is 0.01390 kJ/kg-K  \n",
+      "Ratio of mass flow rate with metastable expansion to the thermal expansion is 1.065\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 35.;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in bar\n",
+    "T1 = 573.;\t\t\t#Temperature at entry in K\n",
+    "P2 = 8.;\t\t\t#Pressure at exit in bar\n",
+    "Ts = 443.4;\t\t\t#Saturation temperature in K\n",
+    "Ps = 3.1;\t\t\t#Saturation pressure in bar\n",
+    "m = 5.2;\t\t\t#mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas consmath.tant\n",
+    "v1 = 0.06842;\t\t\t#Specific volume at entry in (m**3)/kg from steam table\n",
+    "v3 = 0.2292;\t\t\t#Specific volume at exit in (m**3)/kg from steam table\n",
+    "h1 = 2979.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy in kJ/kg from Moiller chart\n",
+    "h3 = 2673.3;\t\t\t#Enthalpy in kJ/kg from Moiller chart\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c = n/(n-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "C2 = ((2*c*P1*(10**5)*v1*(1-((P2/P1)**(1/c))))**0.5);\t\t\t#Velocity at exit in m/s\n",
+    "v2 = v1*((P1/P2)**(1/n));\t\t\t#Specific volume at exit in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "A2 = ((m*v2)/C2)*(10**4);\t\t\t#Area of exit in (cm**2)\n",
+    "a = ((A2/18)**0.5)*10;\t\t\t#Length in mm\n",
+    "b = 3*a;\t\t\t#Breadth in mm\n",
+    "T2 = T1*((P2/P1)**(1/c));\t\t\t#Temperature at exit in K\n",
+    "D = Ts-T2;\t\t\t#Degree of undercooling in K\n",
+    "Ds = P2/Ps;\t\t\t#Degree of supersaturation\n",
+    "hI = h1-h3;\t\t\t#Isentropic enthalpy drop in kJ/kg\n",
+    "ha = (C2**2)/2000;\t\t\t#Actual enthalpy drop in kJ/kg\n",
+    "QL = hI-ha;\t\t\t#Loss in available heat in kJ/kg\n",
+    "DS = QL/Ts;\t\t\t#Increase in entropy in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "C3 = (2000*(h1-h3))**0.5;\t\t\t#Exit velocity from nozzle\n",
+    "mf = ((A2*C3*(10**-4))/v3);\t\t\t#Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+    "Rm = m/mf;\t\t\t#Ratio of mass rate\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Cross section of nozzle is %3.1f mm * %3.1f mm  \\\n",
+    "\\nDegree of undercooling is %3.1f K and Degree of supersaturation is %3.2f  \\\n",
+    "\\nLoss in available heat drop due to irreversibility is %3.2f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nIncrease in entropy is %3.5f kJ/kg-K  \\\n",
+    "\\nRatio of mass flow rate with metastable expansion to the thermal expansion is %3.3f'%(b,a,D,Ds,QL,DS,Rm)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.6  Page no : 169"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Nozzle efficiency is 88.9 percent  \n",
+      "Exit area is 7000 mm**2  \n",
+      "Throat velocity is 529 m/s\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "m = 14.;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "P1 = 3.;\t\t\t#Pressure of Steam in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "T1 = 300.;\t\t\t#Steam temperature in oC\n",
+    "h1 = 2990.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h2s = 2630.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2s in kJ/kg\n",
+    "ht = 2850.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point t in kJ/kg\n",
+    "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas consmath.tant\n",
+    "C2 = 800.;\t\t\t#Exit velocity in m/s\n",
+    "v2 = 0.4;\t\t\t#Specific volume at exit in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = n/(n-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "Pt = ((2/(n+1))**x)*P1;\t\t\t#Temperature at point t in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "h2 = h1-((C2**2)/2000);\t\t\t#Exit enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+    "nN = ((h1-h2)/(h1-h2s))*100;\t\t\t#Nozzle efficiency\n",
+    "A2 = ((m*v2)/C2)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Exit area in (mm**2)\n",
+    "Ct = math.sqrt(2*(h1-ht)*10**3);\t\t\t#Throat velocity in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Nozzle efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nExit area is %3.0f mm**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nThroat velocity is %3.0f m/s'%(nN,A2,Ct)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.7  Page no : 170"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Throat area is 388 mm**2  \n",
+      "Exit area is 1275 mm**2  \n",
+      "Steam quality at exit is  95 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 10.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+    "P2 = 0.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+    "h1 = 3050.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h2s = 2480.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2s in kJ/kg\n",
+    "ht = 2910.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at throat in kJ/kg\n",
+    "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+    "r = 0.1;\t\t\t#Total available heat drop\n",
+    "v1 = 0.258;\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 1 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "h2f = 340.6;\t\t\t#Enthalpy for exit pressure from steam tables in kJ/kg\n",
+    "hfg = 2305.4;\t\t\t#Enthalpy for exit pressure from steam tables in kJ/kg\n",
+    "m = 0.5;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = n/(n-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "Pt = ((2/(n+1))**x)*P1;\t\t\t#Temperature at throat in bar\n",
+    "h2 = h2s+(r*(h1-h2s));\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "vt = ((P1/Pt)**(1/n))*v1;\t\t\t#Specific volume at throat in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "v2 = ((P1/P2)**(1/n))*v1;\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 2 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "Ct = math.sqrt(2000*(h1-ht));\t\t\t#Throat velocity in m/s\n",
+    "At = ((m*vt)/Ct)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Throat area in (mm**2)\n",
+    "C2 = math.sqrt(2000*(h1-h2));\t\t\t#Exit velocity in m/s\n",
+    "A2 = ((m*v2)/C2)*(10**6);\t\t\t#Exit area in (mm**2)\n",
+    "x2 = ((h2-h2f)/hfg)*100;\t\t\t#Steam quality at exit\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Throat area is %d mm**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nExit area is %d mm**2  \\\n",
+    "\\nSteam quality at exit is %3.0f percent'%(At,A2,x2)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.8  Page no : 171"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Maximum discharge is 13.294 kg/min  \n",
+      "Exit area is 493.8 mm**2\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 3.5;\t\t\t#Dry saturated steam in bar\n",
+    "P2 = 1.1;\t\t\t#Exit pressure in bar\n",
+    "At = 4.4;\t\t\t#Throat area in cm**2\n",
+    "h1 = 2731.6;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at P1 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "v1 = 0.52397;\t\t\t#Specific volume at P1 in m**3/kg\n",
+    "n = 1.135;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+    "ht = 2640.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at Pt in kJ/kg\n",
+    "vt = 0.85;\t\t\t#Specific volume at throat in m**3/kg\n",
+    "h2 = 2520.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at P2 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "v2 = 1.45;\t\t\t#Specific volume at P2 in m**3/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = n/(n-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "Pt = ((2/(n+1))**x)*P1;\t\t\t#Throat pressure in bar\n",
+    "Ct = math.sqrt(2000*(h1-ht));\t\t\t#Throat velocity in m/s\n",
+    "mmax = ((At*Ct*(10**-4))/vt)*60;\t\t\t#Maximum discharge in kg/min\n",
+    "C2 = math.sqrt(2000*(h1-h2));\t\t\t#Exit velocity in m/s\n",
+    "A2 = ((mmax*v2)/(C2*60))*(10**6);\t\t\t#Exit area in mm**2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Maximum discharge is %3.3f kg/min  \\\n",
+    "\\nExit area is %3.1f mm**2'%(mmax,A2)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.9  Page no : 172"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Since throat pressure is greater than exit pressure,nozzle used is convergent-divergent nozzle   \n",
+      "Minimum area of nozzle required is 2.14e-03 m**2\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 10.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+    "T1 = 200.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in oC\n",
+    "P2 = 5.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+    "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas consmath.tant\n",
+    "h1 = 2830.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at P1 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "ht = 2710.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point Pt in kJ/kg\n",
+    "vt = 0.35;\t\t\t#Specific volume at Pt in m**3/kg\n",
+    "m = 3.  \t\t\t#Nozzle flow in kg/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = n/(n-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "Pt = ((2/(n+1))**x)*P1;\t\t\t#Throat pressure in bar\n",
+    "Ct = math.sqrt(2000*(h1-ht));\t\t\t#Throat velocity in m/s\n",
+    "At = (m*vt)/Ct;\t\t\t#Throat area in m**2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Since throat pressure is greater than exit pressure,nozzle used is\\\n",
+    " convergent-divergent nozzle  \\\n",
+    " \\nMinimum area of nozzle required is %.2e m**2'%(At)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.10  Page no : 173"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Throat velocity is 443.27 m/s  \n",
+      "Mass flow rate of steam is 1549.90 kg/m**2\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math \n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 10.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+    "x1 = 0.95;\t\t\t#Dryness fraction\n",
+    "n = 1.135;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+    "P2 = 0.85;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+    "vg = 0.185;\t\t\t#Specific volume in m**3/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c = n/(n-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "Pt = round(((2/(n+1))**c)*P1,2);\t\t\t#Throat pressure in MN/(m**2)\n",
+    "v1 = round(x1*vg,3);\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 1 in m**3/kg\n",
+    "Ct = round(math.sqrt((2*n*P1*v1*(10**5)/(n+1))),2);\t\t\t#Velocity at throat in m/s\n",
+    "vt = round(((P1/Pt)*(v1**n))**(1/1.135),3);\t\t\t#Specific volume at throat in m**3/kg\n",
+    "m = Ct/vt;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate per unit throat area in kg/(m**2)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Throat velocity is %3.2f m/s  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass flow rate of steam is %3.2f kg/m**2'%(Ct,m)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.11  Page no : 174"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Degree of supersaturation is 4.98  \n",
+      "Degree of undercooling  50 C\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 10.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+    "T1 = 452.9;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+    "P2 = 4.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+    "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+    "Ps = 0.803;\t\t\t#Saturation pressure at T2 in bar\n",
+    "Ts = 143.6;\t\t\t#Saturation temperature at P2 in oC\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "T2 = ((P2/P1)**x)*T1;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+    "Ds = P2/Ps;\t\t\t#Degree of supersaturation\n",
+    "Du = Ts-(T2-273);\t\t\t#Degree of undercooling\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Degree of supersaturation is %3.2f  \\\n",
+    "\\nDegree of undercooling %3.0f C'%(Ds,Du)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.12  Page no : 174"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Quantity of steam used per second is 0.012 kg/s  \n",
+      "Exit velocity of steam is 816.09 m/s\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "import math \n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P1 = 9.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+    "P2 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+    "Dt = 0.0025;\t\t\t#Throat diameter in m\n",
+    "nN = 0.9;\t\t\t#Nozzle efficiency\n",
+    "n = 1.135;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+    "h1 = 2770.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "ht = 2670.;\t\t\t#Throat enthlapy in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h3 = 2400.;\t\t\t#Enthlapy at point 2 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "x2 = 0.96;\t\t\t#Dryness fraction 2\n",
+    "vg2 = 0.361;\t\t\t#Specific volume in m**3/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "x = n/(n-1);\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+    "Pt = ((2/(n+1))**x)*P1;\t\t\t#Throat pressure in bar\n",
+    "Ct = math.sqrt(2000*(h1-ht)*nN);\t\t\t#Throat velocity in m/s\n",
+    "At = (3.147*2*(Dt**2))/4;\t\t\t#Throat area in m**2\n",
+    "vt = x2*vg2;\t\t\t#Specific volume at throat in m**3/kg\n",
+    "m = (At*Ct)/vt;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "hact = nN*(h1-h3);\t\t\t#Actual enthalpy drop in kJ/kg\n",
+    "C2 = math.sqrt(2000*hact);\t\t\t#Exit velocity of steam in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Quantity of steam used per second is %3.3f kg/s  \\\n",
+    "\\nExit velocity of steam is %3.2f m/s'%(m,C2)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.13  Page no : 202"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Blade angles are  33 degrees,  33 degrees  \n",
+      "Tangential force on blades is 840 N  \n",
+      "Axial thrust is   0  \n",
+      "Diagram power is 336 kW  \n",
+      "Diagram efficiency 89.6 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C1 = 1000.;\t\t\t#Steam velocity in m/s\n",
+    "a1 = 20.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "U = 400.;\t\t\t#Mean blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "m = 0.75;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "b1 = 33.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = b1;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "Cx = 1120.;\t\t\t#Change in whirl velocity from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "Ca = 0;\t\t    \t#Change in axial velocity from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Fx = m*Cx;\t\t    \t    #Tangential force on blades in N\n",
+    "Fy = m*Ca;\t\t\t        #Axial thrust in N\n",
+    "W = (m*Cx*U)/1000;\t\t\t#Diagram power in kW\n",
+    "ndia = ((2*U*Cx)/(C1**2))*100;\t\t\t#Diagram efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Blade angles are %3.0f degrees, %3.0f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nTangential force on blades is %3.0f N  \\\n",
+    "\\nAxial thrust is %3.0f  \\\n",
+    "\\nDiagram power is %3.0f kW  \\\n",
+    "\\nDiagram efficiency %3.1f percent'%(b1,b2,Fx,Fy,W,ndia)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.14  Page no : 203"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Power developed is 3800 kW  \n",
+      "Blade efficiency is 78.7 percent  \n",
+      "Steam consumed is 9.46 kg/kWh\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "D = 2.5;\t\t\t#Mean diameter of blade ring in m\n",
+    "N = 3000.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+    "a1 = 20.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "r = 0.4;\t\t\t#Ratio blade velocity to steam velocity\n",
+    "Wr = 0.8;\t\t\t#Blade friction factor\n",
+    "m = 10.;\t\t\t#Steam flow in kg/s\n",
+    "x = 3.;\t    \t\t#Sum in blade angles in degrees\n",
+    "b1 = 32.5;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "W1 = 626.7;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at inlet from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "Cx = 967.;\t\t\t#Change in whirl velocity from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "U = (3.147*D*N)/60;\t\t\t#Blade velocity in m/s\n",
+    "C1 = U/r;\t\t\t#Steam velocity in m/s\n",
+    "b2 = b1-x;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in degrees\n",
+    "W2 = Wr*W1;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at outlet from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "W = (m*Cx*U)/1000;\t\t\t#Power developed in kW\n",
+    "ndia = ((2*U*Cx)/(C1**2))*100;\t\t\t#Blade efficiency\n",
+    "sc = (m*3600)/W;\t\t\t#Steam consumption in kg/kWh\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Power developed is %3.0f kW  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nSteam consumed is %3.2f kg/kWh'%(round(W,-1),ndia,sc)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.15  Page no : 204"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Blading efficiency is 68.3 percent  \n",
+      "Blade velocity co-efficient is 0.49\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "m = 3.;\t    \t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "C1 = 425.;\t\t\t#Steam velocity in m/s\n",
+    "r = 0.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of blade speed to jet speed\n",
+    "W = 170.;\t\t\t#Stage output in kW\n",
+    "IL = 15.;\t\t\t#Internal losses in kW\n",
+    "a1 = 16.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = 17.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in degrees\n",
+    "W1 = 265.;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at inlet from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "W2 = 130.;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at outlet from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "U = C1*r;\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "P = (W+IL)*1000;\t\t\t#Total power developed in W\n",
+    "Cx = P/(m*W);\t\t\t#Change in whirl velocity in m/s\n",
+    "ndia = ((2*U*Cx)/(C1**2))*100;\t\t\t#Blading efficiency\n",
+    "Wr = W2/W1;\t\t\t#Blade velocity co-efficient\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Blading efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade velocity co-efficient is %3.2f'%(ndia,Wr)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.16  Page no : 205"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Blade angles assumed are  34 degrees,  41 degrees  \n",
+      "Power developed by turbine is 52.8 kW\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C1 = 375.;\t\t\t#Steam velocity in m/s\n",
+    "a1 = 20.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle\n",
+    "U = 165.;\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "m = 1.;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "Wr = 0.85;\t\t\t#Blade friction factor\n",
+    "Ca1 = 130.;\t\t\t#Axial velocity at inlet from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "Ca2 = Ca1;\t\t\t#Axial velocity at outlet in m/s\n",
+    "W1 = 230.;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at inlet from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "Cx = 320.;\t\t\t#Change in whirl velocity from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "b2 = 41;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "b1 = 34;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "W = (m*Cx*U)/1000;\t\t\t#Power developed by turbine in kW\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Blade angles assumed are %3.0f degrees, %3.0f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nPower developed by turbine is %3.1f kW'%(b1,b2,W)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.17  Page no : 206"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Nozzle angle is  19 degrees  \n",
+      "Blade angles are  33 degrees,  36 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "m = 2.;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "W = 130.;\t\t\t#Turbine power in kW\n",
+    "U = 175.;\t\t\t#Blade velocity in m/s\n",
+    "C1 = 400.;\t\t\t#Steam velocity in m/s\n",
+    "Wr = 0.9;\t\t\t#Blade friction factor\n",
+    "W1 = 240.;\t\t\t#Realtive velocity at inlet from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Cx1 = (W*1000)/(m*U);\t\t\t#Whirl velocity at inlet in m/s\n",
+    "W2 = Wr*W1;\t\t\t#Realtive velocity at outlet from the velocity triangle in m/s\n",
+    "a1 = 19;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "b1 = 33;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = 36;\t\t\t#Blade angle at outlet from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Nozzle angle is %3.0f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade angles are %3.0f degrees, %3.0f degrees'%(a1,b1,b2)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.18  Page no : 207"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Diagram efficiency is 76.2 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# find Diagram efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "U = 150.;\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "m = 3.;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "P = 10.5;\t\t\t#Pressure in bar\n",
+    "r = 0.21;\t\t\t#Ratio blade velocity to steam velocity\n",
+    "a1 = 16.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = 20.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in first stage in degrees\n",
+    "a3 = 24.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in second stage in degrees\n",
+    "b4 = 32.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in second stage in degrees\n",
+    "Wr = 0.79;\t\t\t#Blade friction factor for first stage\n",
+    "Wr2 = 0.88;\t\t\t#Blade friction factor for second stage\n",
+    "Cr = 0.83;\t\t\t#Blade velocity coefficient\n",
+    "W1 = 570.;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at inlet from the velocity triangle for first stage in m/s\n",
+    "C2 = 375.;\t\t\t#Velocity in m/s\n",
+    "W3 = 185.;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at inlet from the velocity triangle for second stage in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "C1 = U/r;\t\t\t#Steam speed at exit in m/s\n",
+    "W2 = Wr*W1;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at outlet for first stage in m/s\n",
+    "C3 = Cr*C2;\t\t\t#Steam velocity at inlet for second stage in m/s\n",
+    "W4 = Wr2*W3;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at exit for second stage in m/s\n",
+    "DW1 = W1+W2;\t\t\t#Change in relative velocity for first stage in m/s\n",
+    "DW2 = 275;\t\t\t#Change in relative velocity from the velocity triangle for second stage in m/s\n",
+    "ndia = ((2*U*(DW1+DW2))/(C1**2))*100;\t\t\t#Diagram efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Diagram efficiency is %3.1f percent'%(ndia)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.19  Page no : 208"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Blade speed is 124.7 m/s  \n",
+      "Blade tip angles of the fixed blade are  17 degrees and  43 degrees  \n",
+      "Diagram efficiency is 79.5 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "b1 = 30.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet in first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = 30.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b3 = 30.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet in second stage in degrees\n",
+    "b4 = 30.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in second stage in degrees\n",
+    "t1 = 240.;\t\t\t#Temperature at entry in oC\n",
+    "P1 = 11.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in bar\n",
+    "P2 = 5.;\t\t\t#Pressure in wheel chamber in bar\n",
+    "vl = 10.;\t\t\t#Loss in velocity in percent\n",
+    "h = 155.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at P2 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "W4 = 17.3;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at exit from the velocity triangle for second stage in m/s\n",
+    "a4 = 90.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in second stage in degrees\n",
+    "C3 = 33.;\t\t\t#Steam velocity at inlet from the velocity triangle for second stage in m/s\n",
+    "W2 = 49.;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at outlet from the velocity triangle for first stage in m/s\n",
+    "x = 15.;\t\t\t#Length of AB assumed for drawing velocity triangle in mm\n",
+    "y = 67.;\t\t\t#Length of BC from the velocity triangle in mm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "C1 = math.sqrt(2000*h);\t\t\t#Velocity of steam in m/s\n",
+    "W3 = W4/0.9;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at inlet for second stage in m/s\n",
+    "C2 = C3/0.9;\t\t\t#Velocity in m/s\n",
+    "W1 = W2/0.9;\t\t\t#Relative velocity at inlet for first stage in m/s\n",
+    "C1n = C1/y;\t\t\t#Velocity of steam in m/s\n",
+    "U = x*C1n;\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "a3 = 17.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in second stage from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "a2 = 43.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle from the velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "DW1 = 731.5;\t\t\t#Change in relative velocity from the velocity triangle for first stage in m/s\n",
+    "DW2 = 257.5;\t\t\t#Change in relative velocity from the velocity triangle for second stage in m/s\n",
+    "ndia = ((2*U*(DW1+DW2))/(C1**2))*100;\t\t\t#Diagram efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Blade speed is %3.1f m/s  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade tip angles of the fixed blade are %3.0f degrees and %3.0f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nDiagram efficiency is %3.1f percent'%(U,a3,a2,ndia)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.20  Page no : 210"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Blade speed is 160.5 m/s  \n",
+      "Power developed by the turbine is 530.66 kW\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C1 = 600.;\t\t\t#Steam velocity in m/s\n",
+    "b1 = 30.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet in first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = 30.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b3 = 30.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet in second stage in degrees\n",
+    "b4 = 30.;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in second stage in degrees\n",
+    "a4 = 90.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in second stage in degrees\n",
+    "m = 3.;\t\t\t#Mass of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "x = 15.;\t\t\t#Length for drawing velocity triangle in mm\n",
+    "y = 56.;\t\t\t#Length of BC from the velocity triangle in mm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "C1n = round(C1/y,1);\t\t\t#Velocity of steam in m/s\n",
+    "U = round(x*C1n,1);\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "l = 103.;\t\t\t#Length from velocity triangle in mm\n",
+    "P = (m*l*C1n*U)/1000;\t\t\t#Power developed in kW\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Blade speed is %3.1f m/s  \\\n",
+    "\\nPower developed by the turbine is %3.2f kW'%(U,P)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.21  Page no : 211"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mean diameter of drum is 963 mm  \n",
+      "Volume of steam flowing per second is 8.18 m**3/s\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "N = 400.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+    "m = 8.33;\t\t\t#Mass of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "P = 1.6;\t\t\t#Pressure of steam in bar\n",
+    "x = 0.9;\t\t\t#Dryness fraction\n",
+    "W = 10.;\t\t\t#Stage power in kW\n",
+    "r = 0.75;\t\t\t#Ratio of axial flow velocity to blade velocity\n",
+    "a1 = 20.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle at inlet in degrees\n",
+    "a2 = 35.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle at exit in degrees\n",
+    "b1 = a2;\t\t\t#Blade tip angle at exit in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = a1;\t\t\t#Blade tip angle at inlet in degrees\n",
+    "a = 25.;\t\t\t#Length of AB from velocity triangle in mm\n",
+    "vg = 1.091;\t\t\t#Specific volume of steam from steam tables in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "Cx = 73.5;\t\t\t#Change in whirl velocity from the velocity triangle by measurement in mm\n",
+    "y = Cx/a;\t\t\t#Ratio of change in whirl velocity to blade speed\n",
+    "U = math.sqrt((W*1000)/(m*y));\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "D = ((U*60)/(3.147*N))*1000;\t\t\t#Mean diameter of drum in mm\n",
+    "v = m*x*vg;\t\t\t#Volume flow rate of steam in (m**3)/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mean diameter of drum is %3.0f mm  \\\n",
+    "\\nVolume of steam flowing per second is %3.2f m**3/s'%(D,v)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.22  Page no : 212"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Drum diameter is 1.030 m  \n",
+      "Blade height is  78 mm\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "N = 300.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+    "m = 4.28;\t\t\t#Mass of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "P = 1.9;\t\t\t#Pressure of steam in bar\n",
+    "x = 0.93;\t\t\t#Dryness fraction\n",
+    "W = 3.5;\t\t\t#Stage power in kW\n",
+    "r = 0.72;\t\t\t#Ratio of axial flow velocity to blade velocity\n",
+    "a1 = 20.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle at inlet in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = a1;\t\t\t#Blade tip angle at inlet in degrees\n",
+    "l = 0.08;\t\t\t#Tip leakage steam\n",
+    "vg = 0.929;\t\t\t#Specific volume of steam from steam tables in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "mact = m-(m*l);\t\t\t#Actual mass of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "a = (3.147*N)/60;\t\t\t#Ratio of blade velocity to mean dia\n",
+    "b = r*a;\t\t\t#Ratio of axial velocity to mean dia\n",
+    "c = 46;\t\t\t#Ratio of change in whirl velocity to mean dia\n",
+    "D = math.sqrt((W*1000)/(mact*c*a));\t\t\t#Mean dia in m\n",
+    "Ca = b*D;\t\t\t#Axial velocity in m/s\n",
+    "h = ((mact*x*vg)/(3.147*D*Ca))*1000;\t\t\t#Blade height in mm\n",
+    "D1 = D-(h/1000);\t\t\t#Drum dia in m\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Drum diameter is %3.3f m  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade height is %3.0f mm'%(D1,h)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.23  Page no : 214"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 27,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Rotor blade angles are 58.56 degrees and 58.56 degrees  \n",
+      "Flow coefficient is 0.611  \n",
+      "Blade loading coefficient is   2  \n",
+      "Power developed is 13.8 MW\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P0 = 800.;\t\t\t#Steam pressure in kPa\n",
+    "P2 = 100.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in kPa\n",
+    "T0 = 973.;\t\t\t#Steam temperature in K\n",
+    "a1 = 73.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "ns = 0.9;\t\t\t#Steam efficiency\n",
+    "m = 35.;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+    "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+    "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "tanb1 = math.tan(math.radians(a1))/2;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet in degrees\n",
+    "b1 = math.degrees(math.atan(tanb1))\n",
+    "b2 = b1;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in degrees\n",
+    "p = 2/math.tan(math.radians(a1));\t\t\t#Flow coefficient\n",
+    "s = p*(math.tan(math.radians(b1))+math.tan(math.radians(b2)));\t\t\t#Blade loading coefficient\n",
+    "Dh = ns*Cp*T0*(1-((P2/P0)**((y-1)/y)));\t\t\t#Difference in enthalpies in kJ/kg\n",
+    "W = (m*Dh)/1000;\t\t\t#Power developed in MW\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Rotor blade angles are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nFlow coefficient is %3.3f  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade loading coefficient is %3.0f  \\\n",
+    "\\nPower developed is %3.1f MW'%(b1,b2,p,s,W)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# answer in book is wrong for W. please check."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.24  Page no : 215"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Rotor blade angles for first stage are 53.95 degrees and 53.95 degrees  \n",
+      "Rotor blade angles for second stage are 53.95 degrees and 53.95 degrees  \n",
+      "Power developed is 9.90 MW  \n",
+      "Final state of steam at first stage is 3306.52 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Final state of steam at second stage is 3257.00 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Blade height at first stage is 0.0114 m  \n",
+      "Blade height at second stage is 0.0139 m\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P0 = 100.;\t\t\t#Steam pressure in bar\n",
+    "T0 = 773.;\t\t\t#Steam temperature in K\n",
+    "a1 = 70.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "ns = 0.78;\t\t\t#Steam efficiency\n",
+    "m = 100.;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "D = 1.;\t\t\t#Turbine diameter in m\n",
+    "N = 3000.;\t\t\t#Turbine speed in rpm\n",
+    "h0 = 3370.;\t\t\t#Steam enthalpy from Moiller chart in kJ/kg\n",
+    "v2 = 0.041;\t\t\t#Specific volume at P2 from steam tables in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "v4 = 0.05;\t\t\t#Specific volume at P4 from steam tables in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "U = (3.147*D*N)/60;\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "C1 = (2*U)/math.sin(math.radians(a1));\t\t\t#Steam speed in m/s\n",
+    "b1 = math.tan(math.radians(a1))/2;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet for first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b1 = math.degrees(math.atan(b1))\n",
+    "b2 = b1;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit for first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b3 = b1;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet for second stage in degrees\n",
+    "b4 = b2;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit for second stage in degrees\n",
+    "Wt = (4*m*(U**2))/(10**6);\t\t\t#Total workdone in MW\n",
+    "Dh = (2*(U**2))/1000;\t\t\t#Difference in enthalpies in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Dhs = Dh/ns;\t\t\t#Difference in enthalpies in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h2 = h0-Dh;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h2s = h0-Dhs;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2s in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Dh2 = (2*(U**2))/1000;\t\t\t#Difference in enthalpies in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Dh2s = Dh2/ns;\t\t\t#Difference in enthalpies in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h4 = h2-Dh2;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h4s = h2-Dh2s;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4s in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Ca = C1*math.cos(math.radians(a1));\t\t\t#Axial velocity in m/s\n",
+    "hI = (m*v2)/(math.pi*D*Ca);\t\t\t#Blade height at first stage in m/s\n",
+    "hII = (m*v4)/(math.pi*D*Ca);\t\t\t#Blade height at second stage in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Rotor blade angles for first stage are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nRotor blade angles for second stage are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nPower developed is %3.2f MW  \\\n",
+    "\\nFinal state of steam at first stage is %3.2f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nFinal state of steam at second stage is %3.2f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade height at first stage is %3.4f m  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade height at second stage is %3.4f m'%(b1,b2,b3,b4,Wt,h2s,h4s,hI,hII)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.25  Page no : 218"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Rotor blade angles for first stage are 64.11 degrees and 64.11 degrees  \n",
+      "Rotor blade angles for second stage are 34.48 degrees and 34.48 degrees  \n",
+      "Power developed is 19.81 MW  \n",
+      "Final state of steam at first stage is 3171.9 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Final state of steam at second stage is 3065.27 kJ/kg  \n",
+      "Rotor blade height is 0.0146 m\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P0 = 100.;\t\t\t#Steam pressure in bar\n",
+    "T0 = 773.;\t\t\t#Steam temperature in K\n",
+    "a1 = 70.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "ns = 0.78;\t\t\t#Steam efficiency\n",
+    "m = 100.;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "D = 1.;\t\t\t#Turbine diameter in m\n",
+    "N = 3000.;\t\t\t#Turbine speed in rpm\n",
+    "h0 = 3370.;\t\t\t#Steam enthalpy from Moiller chart in kJ/kg\n",
+    "P4 = 27.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 4 in bar\n",
+    "T4 = 638.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+    "v4 = 0.105;\t\t\t#Specific volume at P4 from mollier chart in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "ns = 0.65;\t\t\t#Stages efficiency\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "U = (3.147*D*N)/60;\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "C1 = (4*U)/math.sin(math.radians(a1));\t\t\t#Steam speed in m/s\n",
+    "Ca = C1*math.cos(math.radians(a1));\t\t\t#Axial velocity in m/s\n",
+    "tanb1 = (3*U)/Ca;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet for first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b1 = math.degrees(math.atan(tanb1))\n",
+    "b2 = b1;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit for first stage in degrees\n",
+    "b4 = math.degrees(math.atan(U/Ca));\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit for second stage in degrees\n",
+    "b3 = b4;\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet for second stage in degrees\n",
+    "WI = m*6*(U**2);\t\t\t#Power developed in first stage in MW\n",
+    "WII = m*2*(U**2);\t\t\t#Power developed in second stage in MW\n",
+    "W = (WI+WII)/(10**6);\t\t\t#Total power developed in MW\n",
+    "Dh = (W*1000)/100;\t\t\t#Difference in enthalpies in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Dhs = (W*1000)/(ns*100);\t\t\t#Difference in enthalpies in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h4 = h0-Dh;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h4s = h0-Dhs;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4s in kJ/kg\n",
+    "h = (m*v4)/(3.147*D*Ca);\t\t\t#Rotor blade height in m\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Rotor blade angles for first stage are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nRotor blade angles for second stage are %3.2f degrees and %3.2f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nPower developed is %3.2f MW  \\\n",
+    "\\nFinal state of steam at first stage is %3.1f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nFinal state of steam at second stage is %3.2f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nRotor blade height is %3.4f m'%(b1,b2,b3,b4,W,h4,h4s,h)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.26  Page no : 221"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 40,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Blade angle at inlet is  10 degrees  \n",
+      "Blade angle at exit is  60 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "import math \n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "a1 = 30.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "Ca = 180.;\t\t\t#Axial velocity in m/s\n",
+    "U = 280.;\t\t\t#Rotor blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "R = 0.5;\t\t\t#Degree of reaction\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "a1n = 90-a1;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle measured from axial direction in degrees\n",
+    "Cx1 = Ca*math.tan(math.radians(a1n));\t\t\t#Whirl velocity in m/s\n",
+    "b1 = math.degrees(math.atan((Cx1-U)/Ca));\t\t\t#Blade angle at inlet in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = a1n;\t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in degrees\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Blade angle at inlet is %3.0f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nBlade angle at exit is %3.0f degrees'%(b1,b2)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 4.27  Page no : 222"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 30,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Rotor blade angles are   0 degrees and  70 degrees  \n",
+      "Power developed is 1.92 MW  \n",
+      "Isentropic enthalpy drop is 30.12 kJ/kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "import math \n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "P0 = 800.;\t\t\t#Steam pressure in kPa\n",
+    "T0 = 900.;\t\t\t#Steam temperature in K\n",
+    "a1 = 70.;\t\t\t#Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "ns = 0.85;\t\t\t#Steam efficiency\n",
+    "m = 75.;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of steam in kg/s\n",
+    "R = 0.5;\t\t\t#Degree of reaction\n",
+    "U = 160.;\t\t\t#Blade speed in m/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "C1 = U/math.sin(a1);\t\t\t#Steam speed in m/s\n",
+    "Ca = C1*math.cos(a1);\t\t\t#Axial velocity in m/s\n",
+    "b1 = 0;\t\t\t                #Blade angle at inlet from velocity triangle in degrees\n",
+    "b2 = a1;            \t\t\t#Blade angle at exit in degrees\n",
+    "a2 = b1;\t\t\t            #Nozzle angle in degrees\n",
+    "W = (m*(U**2))/(10**6);\t\t\t#Power developed in MW\n",
+    "Dhs = (W*1000)/(ns*m);\t\t\t#Isentropic enthalpy drop in kJ/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Rotor blade angles are %3.0f degrees and %3.0f degrees  \\\n",
+    "\\nPower developed is %3.2f MW  \\\n",
+    "\\nIsentropic enthalpy drop is %3.2f kJ/kg'%(b1,b2,W,Dhs)\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch5.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch5.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c3b2dbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch5.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1100 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:2b6bc93922bd7b11c4334e4b77fa7e0b05d2efd84a162a89a3c4553815d1a094"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 5 :\n",
+      "Air Compressors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1  Page no : 250"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "D = 0.2;\t\t\t#Cylinder diameter in m\n",
+      "L = 0.3;\t\t\t#Cylinder Stroke in m\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 300.;\t\t\t#Temperature at entry in K\n",
+      "P2 = 8.;\t\t\t#Pressure at exit in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.25;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "N = 100.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+      "R = 287.;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in J/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "V1 = (3.147*L*(D**2))/4;\t\t\t#Volume of cylinder in m**3/cycle\n",
+      "W = (P1*(10**5)*V1*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))/x;\t\t\t#Work done in J/cycle\n",
+      "Pc = (W*100)/(60*1000);\t\t\t#Indicated power of compressor in kW\n",
+      "m = (P1*(10**5)*V1)/(R*T1);\t\t\t#Mass of air delivered in kg/cycle\n",
+      "md = m*N;\t\t\t#Mass delivered per minute in kg\n",
+      "T2 = T1*((P2/P1)**x);\t\t\t#Temperature of air delivered in K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Indicated power of compressor is %3.2f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nMass of air delivered by compressor per minute is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+      "\\nTemperature of air delivered is %3.1fK'%(Pc,md,T2)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Indicated power of compressor is 4.06 kW  \n",
+        "Mass of air delivered by compressor per minute is 1.10 kg  \n",
+        "Temperature of air delivered is 454.7K\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2  Page no : 251"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "IP = 37.;\t\t\t#Indicated power in kW\n",
+      "P1 = 0.98;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 288.;\t\t\t#Temperature at entry in K\n",
+      "P2 = 5.8;\t\t\t#Pressure at exit in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.2;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "N = 100.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+      "Ps = 151.5;\t\t\t#Piston speed in m/min\n",
+      "a = 2.;\t\t\t#For double acting compressor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "L = Ps/(2*N);\t\t\t#Stroke length in m\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "r = (3.147*L)/4;\t\t\t#Ratio of volume to bore\n",
+      "D = math.sqrt((IP*1000*60*x)/(N*a*r*P1*(10**5)*(((P2/P1)**x)-1)));\t\t\t#Cylinder diameter in m\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Stroke length of cylinder is %3.4f m  \\\n",
+      "\\nCylinder diameter is %3.4f m'%(L,D)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Stroke length of cylinder is 0.7575 m  \n",
+        "Cylinder diameter is 0.3030 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3  Page no : 251"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "IP = 11.;\t\t\t#Indicated power in kW\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in bar\n",
+      "P2 = 7.;\t\t\t#Pressure at exit in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.2;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas consmath.tant\n",
+      "Ps = 150.;\t\t\t#Piston speed in m/s\n",
+      "a = 2.; \t\t\t#For double acting compressor\n",
+      "r = 1.5;\t\t\t#Storke to bore ratio\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "y = 3.147/(4*(r**2));\t\t\t#Ratio of volume to the cube of stroke\n",
+      "z = (P1*(10**2)*y*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))/x;\t\t\t#Ratio of workdone to the cube of stroke\n",
+      "L = (math.sqrt(IP/(z*Ps)))*1000;\t\t\t#Stroke in mm\n",
+      "D = (L/r);\t\t\t#Bore in mm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Stroke length of cylinder is %3.0f mm  \\\n",
+      "\\nBore diameter of cylinder is %3.0f mm'%(L,D)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Stroke length of cylinder is  30 mm  \n",
+        "Bore diameter of cylinder is  20 mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.4  Page no : 252"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "x = 0.05            # ratio\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 310.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "n = 1.2;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "P2 = 7.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "Pa = 1.01325;\t\t\t#Atmospheric pressure in bar\n",
+      "Ta = 288.;\t\t\t#Atmospheric temperature in K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "V1 = 1+x;\t\t\t#Ratio of volume of air sucked to stroke volume\n",
+      "V4 = ((P2/P1)**(1/n))/20;\t\t\t#Ratio of volume delivered to stroke volume\n",
+      "DV = V1-V4;\t\t\t#Difference in volumes\n",
+      "nv1 = DV*100;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "V = (P1*DV*Ta)/(T1*Pa);\t\t\t#Ratio of volumes referred to atmospheric conditions\n",
+      "nv2 = V*100;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency referred to atmospheric conditions\n",
+      "W = (n*0.287*T1*((P2/P1)**((n-1)/n)-1))/(n-1);\t\t\t#Work required in kJ/kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Volumetric efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nVolumetric efficiency referred to atmospheric conditions is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nWork required is %3.1f kJ/kg'%(nv1,nv2,W)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Volumetric efficiency is 79.7 percent  \n",
+        "Volumetric efficiency referred to atmospheric conditions is 73.1 percent  \n",
+        "Work required is 204.5 kJ/kg\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.5  Page no : 253"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "D = 0.2;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+      "L = 0.3;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "P2 = 7.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.25;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "lc = 0.015\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "V3 = (3.147*(D**2)*lc)/4.;\t\t\t#Clearance volume in m**3\n",
+      "Vs = (3.147*(D**2)*L)/4.;\t\t\t#Stoke volume in m**3\n",
+      "C = V3/Vs;\t\t\t#Clearance ratio\n",
+      "nv = (1+C-(C*((P2/P1)**(1/n))))*100;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "DV = (nv*Vs)/100.;\t\t\t#Volume of air taken in (m**3)/stroke\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Theoretical volume of air taken in per stroke is %.2e m**3/stroke'%(DV)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Theoretical volume of air taken in per stroke is 7.67e-03 m**3/stroke\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.6  Page no : 254"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "D = 0.2;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+      "L = 0.3;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "r = 0.05            # ratio\n",
+      "T1 = 293.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "P2 = 5.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "N = 500.;\t\t\t#Speed of compressor in rpm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "Vs = (3.147*L*(D**2))/4;\t\t\t#Stroke volume in m**3\n",
+      "Vc = r*Vs;\t\t\t#Clearance volume in m**3\n",
+      "V1 = Vc+Vs;\t\t\t#Volume at point 1 in m**3\n",
+      "V4 = Vc*((P2/P1)**(1/n));\t\t\t#Volume at point 4 in m**3\n",
+      "EVs = V1-V4;\t\t\t#Effective swept volume in m**3\n",
+      "W = (P1*(10**5)*EVs*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))/x;\t\t\t#Work done in J/cycle\n",
+      "MEP = (W/Vs)/(10**5);\t\t\t#Mean effective pressure in bar\n",
+      "P = (W*N)/(60*1000);\t\t\t#Power required in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Mean effective pressure is %3.2f bar  \\\n",
+      "\\nPower required is %3.2f kW'%(MEP,P)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mean effective pressure is 1.81 bar  \n",
+        "Power required is 14.21 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.7  Page no : 255"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "D = 0.2;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+      "L = 0.3;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+      "P1 = 97.;\t\t\t#Pressure at entry in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "P4 = P1;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 4 in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "T1 = 293.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "P2 = 550.;\t\t\t#Compression Pressure in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "P3 = P2;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "N = 500.;\t\t\t#Speed of compressor in rpm\n",
+      "Pa = 101.325;\t\t\t#Air pressure in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "Ta = 288.;\t\t\t#Air temperature in K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "DV = (3.147*L*(D**2))/4;\t\t\t#Difference in volumes in m**3\n",
+      "V3 = r*DV;\t\t\t#Clearance volume in m**3\n",
+      "V1 = V3+DV;\t\t\t#Volume at point 1 in m**3\n",
+      "V4 = V3*((P3/P4)**(1/n));\t\t\t#Volume at point 4 in m**3\n",
+      "Vs = V1-V4;\t\t\t#Effective swept volume in m**3\n",
+      "EVs = Vs*N;\t\t\t#Effective swept volume per min\n",
+      "Va = (P1*EVs*Ta)/(Pa*T1);\t\t\t#Free air delivered in (m**3)/min\n",
+      "nV = ((V1-V4)/(V1-V3))*100;\t\t\t#Volumetric effciency\n",
+      "T2 = T1*((P2/P1)**x);\t\t\t#Air delivery temperature in K\n",
+      "t2 = T2-273;\t\t\t#Air delivery temperature in oC\n",
+      "W = (n*P1*(V1-V4)*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))*N/((n-1)*60);\t\t\t#Cycle power in kW\n",
+      "Wiso = P1*V1*(math.log(P2/P1));\t\t\t#Isothermal workdone\n",
+      "niso = (Wiso/(4.33*0.493))*100;\t\t\t#Isothermal efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Free air delivered is %3.3f m**3/min  \\\n",
+      "\\nVolumetric efficiency is %3.0f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nAir delivery temperature is %3.1f oC  \\\n",
+      "\\nCycle power is %3.0f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nIsothermal efficiency is %3.1f percent'%(Va,nV,t2,W,round(niso,-1))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Free air delivered is 3.820 m**3/min  \n",
+        "Volumetric efficiency is  86 percent  \n",
+        "Air delivery temperature is 164.3 oC  \n",
+        "Cycle power is  14 kW  \n",
+        "Isothermal efficiency is 80.0 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.8  Page no : 257"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "Ve = 30.;\t\t\t#Volume of air entering compressor per hour in m**3\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Presure of air entering compressor in bar\n",
+      "N = 450.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+      "P2 = 6.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "nm = 0.8;\t\t\t#Mechanical efficiency\n",
+      "nv = 0.75;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "niso = 0.76;\t\t\t#Isothermal efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Vs = Ve/(nv*3600);\t\t\t#Swept volume per sec in (m**3)/s\n",
+      "V = (Vs*60)/N;\t\t\t#Swept volume per cycle in m**3\n",
+      "V1 = (Ve*60)/(3600*N);\t\t\t#Volume at point 1 in m**3\n",
+      "Wiso = P1*100*V1*math.log(P2/P1);\t\t\t#Isothermal workdone per cycle\n",
+      "Wact = Wiso/niso;\t\t\t#Actual workdone per cycle on air\n",
+      "MEP = (Wact/V)/100;\t\t\t#Mean effective pressure in bar\n",
+      "IP = (Wact*N)/60;\t\t\t#Indicated power in kW\n",
+      "BP = IP/nm;\t\t\t#Brake power in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Mean effective pressure is %3.3f bar  \\\n",
+      "\\nBrake power is %3.2f kW'%(MEP,BP)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mean effective pressure is 1.847 bar  \n",
+        "Brake power is 2.57 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.9  Page no : 258"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "Va = 15.;\t\t\t#Volume of air in (m**3)/min\n",
+      "Pa = 1.01325;\t\t\t#Pressure of air in bar\n",
+      "Ta = 302.;\t\t\t#Air temperature in K\n",
+      "P1 = 0.985;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "r = 0.04            # ratio\n",
+      "T1 = 313.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "y = 1.3;\t\t\t#Ratio of stroke to bore diameter\n",
+      "N = 300.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "P2 = 7.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x=((P2/P1)**(1./n))-1;\n",
+      "a = x*r;\t\t\t#Ratio of volume at point 4 to swept volume\n",
+      "nv = 1-a;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "V1 = (Pa*Va*T1)/(Ta*P1);\t\t\t#Volume at point 1 in (m**3)/min\n",
+      "Vs = V1/(nv*N*2);\t\t\t#Swept volume in m**3\n",
+      "D = ((Vs*4)/(math.pi*y))**(1./3);\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+      "L = y*D;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Cylinder bore in %3.3f m  \\\n",
+      "\\nCylinder stroke %3.3f m'%(D,L)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Cylinder bore in 0.313 m  \n",
+        "Cylinder stroke 0.407 m\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10  Page no : 259"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 0.98;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "P4 = P1;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 4 in bar\n",
+      "P2 = 7.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "P3 = P2;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas consmath.tant\n",
+      "Ta = 300.;\t\t\t#Air temperature in K\n",
+      "Pa = 1.013;\t\t\t#Air pressure in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 313.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "Va = 15.;\t\t\t#Volume of air delivered in m**3\n",
+      "R = 0.287;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "c = 0.04\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "r = (P2/P1)**(1/n);\t\t\t#Ratio of volumes\n",
+      "a = r*c;\t\t\t#Ratio of volume at point 4 to swept volume\n",
+      "DV = 1+c-a;\t\t\t#Difference in volumes\n",
+      "V = (P1*DV*Ta)/(T1*Pa);\t\t\t#Volume of air delivered per cycle\n",
+      "nv = V*100;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "DV1 = (Pa*Va*T1)/(Ta*P1);\t\t\t#Difference in volumes\n",
+      "T2 = T1*((P2/P1)**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "ma = (Pa*100*Va)/(R*Ta);\t\t\t#Mass of air delivered in kg/min\n",
+      "IP = (ma*R*(T2-T1))/(x*60);\t\t\t#Indicated power in kW\n",
+      "Piso = (ma*R*T1*math.log(P2/P1))/60;\t\t\t#Isothermal indicated power in kW\n",
+      "niso = (Piso/IP)*100;\t\t\t#Isothermal efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Volumetric efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nIndicated power is %3.2f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nIsothermal efficiency is %3.0f percent'%(nv,IP,niso)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Volumetric efficiency is 79.6 percent  \n",
+        "Indicated power is 65.74 kW  \n",
+        "Isothermal efficiency is  79 percent\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.11  Page no : 261"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "V1 = 7.*(10**-3);\t\t\t#Volume of air in (m**3)/s\n",
+      "P1 = 1.013;\t\t\t#Pressure of air in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 288.;\t\t\t#Air temperature in K\n",
+      "P2 = 14.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "nm = 0.82;\t\t\t#Mechanical efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "W = (P1*100*V1*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))/x;\t\t\t#Work done by compressor in kW\n",
+      "P = W/nm;\t\t\t#Power requred to drive compressor in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Power requred to drive compressor is %3.2f kW'%(P)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Power requred to drive compressor is 3.12 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.12  Page no : 261"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "L = 0.15;\t\t\t#Stroke in mm\n",
+      "D = 0.15;\t\t\t#Bore in mm\n",
+      "N = 8.;\t\t\t#Speed in rps\n",
+      "P1 = 100.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "P2 = 550.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in kN/(m**2)\n",
+      "n = 1.32;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "C = 0.06            # RATIO\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "nv = (1+C-(C*((P2/P1)**(1/n))))*100;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "DV = (3.147*(D**2)*L)/4;\t\t\t#Difference in volumes at points 1 and 3\n",
+      "DV1 = (nv*DV)/100;\t\t\t#Difference in volumes at points 1 and 4\n",
+      "V2 = DV1*((P1/P2)**(1/n))*N;\t\t\t#Volume of air delivered per second\n",
+      "W = (P1*DV1*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))*N/x;\t\t\t#Power of compressor in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Theoretical volume efficiency is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+      "\\nVolume of air delivered is %3.5f m**3/s  \\\n",
+      "\\nPower of compressor is %3.3f kW'%(nv,V2,W)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Theoretical volume efficiency is 84.2 percent  \n",
+        "Volume of air delivered is 0.00491 m**3/s  \n",
+        "Power of compressor is 3.774 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.13  Page no : 262"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "V = 16.;\t\t\t#Volume of air compresssed in m**3\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "P3 = 10.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 294.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "Tc = 25.;\t\t\t#Temperature of cooling water in oC\n",
+      "n = 1.35;\t\t\t#Adiabatics gas constant\n",
+      "R = 0.287;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "Cw = 4.187;\t\t\t#Specific heat of water in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "P2 = math.sqrt(P1*P3);\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "W1 = (2*P1*100*V*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))/(x*60);\t\t\t#Indicated power of compressor from P1 to P2 in kW\n",
+      "W2 = (P1*100*V*(((P3/P1)**x)-1))/(x*60);\t\t\t#Indicated power of compressor from P1 to P3 in kW\n",
+      "T4 = T1*((P2/P1)**x);\t\t\t#Maximum temperature for two stage compression in K\n",
+      "T2 = T1*((P3/P1)**x);\t\t\t#Maximum temperature for single stage compression in K\n",
+      "m = (P1*100*V)/(R*T1);\t\t\t#Mass of air compressed in kg/min\n",
+      "Q = m*Cp*(T4-T1);\t\t\t#Heat rejected by air in kJ/min\n",
+      "mc = Q/(Cw*Tc);\t\t\t#Mass of cooling water in kg/min\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Minimum indicated power required for 2 stage compression is %3.1f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nPower required for single stage compression is 18 percent more than that for \\\n",
+      "two stage compression with perfect intercooling  \\\n",
+      "\\nMaximum temperature for two stage compression is %3.1f K  \\\n",
+      "\\nMaximum temperature for single stage compression is %3.1f K  \\\n",
+      "\\nHeat rejected by air is %3.1f kJ/min  \\\n",
+      "\\nMass of cooling water required is %3.1f kg/min'%(W1,T4,T2,Q,mc)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum indicated power required for 2 stage compression is 73.3 kW  \n",
+        "Power required for single stage compression is 18 percent more than that for two stage compression with perfect intercooling  \n",
+        "Maximum temperature for two stage compression is 398.8 K  \n",
+        "Maximum temperature for single stage compression is 540.9 K  \n",
+        "Heat rejected by air is 1996.6 kJ/min  \n",
+        "Mass of cooling water required is 19.1 kg/min\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.14  Page no : 264"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "V = 0.2;\t\t\t#Air flow rate in (m**3)/s\n",
+      "P1 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Intake pressure in MN/(m**2)\n",
+      "P3 = 0.7;\t\t\t#Final pressure in MN/(m**2)\n",
+      "T1 = 289.;\t\t\t#Intake temperature in K\n",
+      "n = 1.25;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "N = 10.;\t\t\t#Compressor speed in rps\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "P2 = math.sqrt(P1*P3);\t\t\t#Intermediate pressure in MN/(m**2)\n",
+      "V1 = (V/N)*1000;\t\t\t#Total volume of LP cylinder in litres\n",
+      "V2 = ((P1*V1)/P2);\t\t\t#Total volume of HP cylinder in litres\n",
+      "W = ((2*P1*V*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))/x)*1000;\t\t\t#Cycle power in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Intermediate pressure is %3.3f MN/m**2  \\\n",
+      "\\nTotal volume of LP cylinder is %3.0f litres  \\\n",
+      "\\nTotal volume of HP cylinder is %3.1f litres  \\\n",
+      "\\nCycle power is %3.0f kW'%(P2,V1,V2,W)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Intermediate pressure is 0.265 MN/m**2  \n",
+        "Total volume of LP cylinder is  20 litres  \n",
+        "Total volume of HP cylinder is 7.6 litres  \n",
+        "Cycle power is  43 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.15  Page no : 265"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 290.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "P3 = 60.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in bar\n",
+      "P2 = 8.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "T2 = 310.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "L = 0.2;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+      "D = 0.15;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+      "n = 1.35;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "N = 200.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t            \t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "V1 = (3.147*(D**2)*L)/4;\t\t\t#Volume at point 1 in m**3\n",
+      "V2 = (P1*V1*T2)/(T1*P2);\t\t\t#Volume of air entering LP cylinder in m**3\n",
+      "W = ((P1*(10**5)*V1*(((P2/P1)**x)-1))/x)+((P2*(10**5)*V2*(((P3/P2)**x)-1))/x);\t\t\t#Workdone by compressor per cycle in J\n",
+      "P = (W*N)/(60*1000);\t\t    \t#Power of compressor in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Power of compressor is %3.2f kW'%(P)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Power of compressor is 6.59 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.16  Page no : 265"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "N = 220.;\t\t\t#Speed of compressor in rpm\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure entering LP cylinder in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 300.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "Dlp = 0.36;\t\t\t#Bore of LP cylinder in m\n",
+      "Llp = 0.4;\t\t\t#Stroke of LP cylinder in m\n",
+      "Lhp = 0.4;\t\t\t#Stoke of HP cylinder in m\n",
+      "P2 = 4.;\t\t\t#Pressure leaving LP cylinder in bar\n",
+      "P5 = 3.8;\t\t\t#Pressure entering HP cylinder in bar\n",
+      "T3 = 300.;\t\t\t#Temperature entering HP cylinder in K\n",
+      "P6 = 15.2;\t\t\t#Dicharge pressure in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "Cp = 1.0035;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "R = 0.287;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "T5 = T1;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 5 in K\n",
+      "C = 0.04\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "Vslp = round((math.pi*(Dlp**2)*Llp*N*2)/4,2);\t\t\t#Swept volume of LP cylinder in m**3/min\n",
+      "nv = round(1+C-(C*((P2/P1)**(1/n))),4);\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "V1 = nv*Vslp;\t\t\t#Volume of air drawn at point 1 in (m**3)/min\n",
+      "m = round((P1*100*V1)/(R*T1),2);\t\t\t#Mass of air in kg/min\n",
+      "T2 = round(T1*((P2/P1)**x));\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "QR = m*Cp*(T2-T5);\t\t\t#Heat rejected in kJ/min\n",
+      "V5 = (m*R*T5)/(P5*100);\t\t\t#Volume of air drawn in HP cylinder M**3/min\n",
+      "Plp = P2/P1;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio of LP cylinder\n",
+      "Php = P6/P5;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio of HP cylinder\n",
+      "Vshp = V5/nv;\t\t\t#Swept volume of HP cylinder in m**3/min\n",
+      "Dhp = math.sqrt((Vshp*4)/(3.147*Lhp*N*2));\t\t\t#Bore of HP cylinder in m\n",
+      "P = (m*R*(T2-T1))/(x*60);\t\t\t#Power required for HP cylinder in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print V5,Plp,Php,Vshp,Dhp,P\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Heat rejected in intercooler is %3.1f kJ/min  \\\n",
+      "\\nDiameter of HP cylinder is %3.4f m  \\\n",
+      "\\nPower required for HP cylinder is %3.0f kW'%(QR,Dhp,P)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error. please check\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "4.35484736842 4.0 4.0 4.71405863652 0.184511219993 45.0178314444\n",
+        "Heat rejected in intercooler is 2179.5 kJ/min  \n",
+        "Diameter of HP cylinder is 0.1845 m  \n",
+        "Power required for HP cylinder is  45 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.17  Page no : 267"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "P3 = 30.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 300.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatics gas constant\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "P2 = math.sqrt(P1*P3);\t\t\t#Intermediate pressure in bar\n",
+      "rD = math.sqrt(P2/P1);\t\t\t#Ratio of cylinder diameters\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Ratio of cylinder diameters is %3.2f'%(rD)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Ratio of cylinder diameters is 2.34\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.18  Page no : 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 1.013;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 288.;\t\t\t#Temperaturea at point 1 in K\n",
+      "v1 = 8.4;\t\t\t#free air delivered by compressor in m**3\n",
+      "P4 = 70.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 4 in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.2;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "Cp = 1.0035;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "P2 = P1*((P4/P1)**(1./3));\t\t\t#LP cylinder delivery pressure in bar\n",
+      "P3 = P2*((P4/P1)**(1./3));\t\t\t#IP cylinder delivery pressure in bar\n",
+      "r = P2/P1;\t\t\t#Ratio of cylinder volumes\n",
+      "r1 = P3/P2;\t\t\t#Ratio of cylinder volumes\n",
+      "r2 = r*r1;\t\t\t#Ratio of cylinder volumes\n",
+      "V3 = 1;\t\t\t#Volume at point 3 in m**3\n",
+      "T4 = T1*((P2/P1)**x);\t\t\t#Three stage outlet temperature in K\n",
+      "QR = Cp*(T4-T1);\t\t\t#Heat rejected in intercooler in kJ/kg of air\n",
+      "W = ((3*P1*100*v1*(((P4/P1)**(x/3))-1))/(x*60));\t\t\t#Total indiacted power in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'LP cylinder delivery pressure is %3.3f bar  \\\n",
+      "\\nIP cylinder delivery pressure is %3.2f bar  \\\n",
+      "\\nRatio of cylinder volumes is %3.2f:%3.1f:%3.0f  \\\n",
+      "\\nTemperature at end of each stage is %3.2f K  \\\n",
+      "\\nHeat rejected in each intercooler is %3.1f kJ/kg of air  \\\n",
+      "\\nTotal indicated power is %3.2f kW'%(P2,P3,r2,r1,V3,T4,QR,W)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "LP cylinder delivery pressure is 4.157 bar  \n",
+        "IP cylinder delivery pressure is 17.06 bar  \n",
+        "Ratio of cylinder volumes is 16.84:4.1:  1  \n",
+        "Temperature at end of each stage is 364.41 K  \n",
+        "Heat rejected in each intercooler is 76.7 kJ/kg of air  \n",
+        "Total indicated power is 67.72 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.19  Page no : 269"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "D = 0.45;\t\t\t#Bore in m\n",
+      "L = 0.3;\t\t\t#Stroke in m\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 inn bar\n",
+      "T1 = 291.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "P4 = 15.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 4 in bar\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "R = 0.29;\t\t\t#Universal gas constant in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "k = (P4/P1)**(1./3);\t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+      "P2 = k*P1;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "P3 = k*P2;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "Vslp = (3.147*(D**2)*L)/4;\t\t\t#Swept volume of LP cylinder\n",
+      "V7 = C*Vslp;\t\t\t#Volume at point 7 in m**3\n",
+      "V1 = Vslp+V7;\t\t\t#Volume at point 1 in m**3\n",
+      "V8 = V7*(k**(1/n));\t\t\t#Volume at point 8 in m**3\n",
+      "EVs = (V1-V8)*1000;\t\t\t#Effective swept volume in litres\n",
+      "T4 = T1*(k**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+      "t4 = T4-273;\t\t\t#Delivery temperature in oC\n",
+      "DV = ((P1*T4*(V1-V8))/(P4*T1))*1000;\t\t\t#Delivery volume per stroke in litres\n",
+      "W = (3*R*T1*((k**x)-1))/x;\t\t\t#Workdone per kg of air in kJ\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Intermediate pressures are %3.3f bar and %3.3f bar  \\\n",
+      "\\nEffective swept volume of LP cylinder is %3.2f litres  \\\n",
+      "\\nTemperature of air delivered per stroke is %3.1f oC  \\\n",
+      "\\nVolume of air delivered per stroke is %3.2f litres  \\\n",
+      "\\nWork done per kg of air is %3.1f kJ'%(P2,P3,EVs,t4,DV,W)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Intermediate pressures are 2.466 bar and 6.082 bar  \n",
+        "Effective swept volume of LP cylinder is 44.92 litres  \n",
+        "Temperature of air delivered per stroke is 85.4 oC  \n",
+        "Volume of air delivered per stroke is 3.69 litres  \n",
+        "Work done per kg of air is 254.1 kJ\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.20  Page no : 271"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "Pns = 100.;\t\t\t#Maximum pressure in bar\n",
+      "p = 4.; \t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Ns = math.log(Pns)/math.log(p);\t\t\t#Number of stages\n",
+      "y = math.ceil(Ns);\t                \t\t#Rounding off to next higher integer\n",
+      "ps = (Pns/P1)**(1/y);\t\t\t        #Exact stage pressure ratio\n",
+      "P2 = ps*P1;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "P3 = ps*P2;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in bar\n",
+      "P4 = ps*P3;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 4 in bar\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Number of stages are %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nExact stage pressure ratio is %3.3f  \\\n",
+      "\\nIntermediate pressures are %3.3f bar, %3.2f bar, %3.2f bar'%(y,ps,P2,P3,P4)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Number of stages are 4.00  \n",
+        "Exact stage pressure ratio is 3.162  \n",
+        "Intermediate pressures are 3.162 bar, 10.00 bar, 31.62 bar\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 51
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch6.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch6.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0f6f415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch6.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,901 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:4962285b4f62f2bf376e81ac1782d3fcaba245abd75f93d7b849812ce5c45ab3"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 6 :\n",
+      "Refrigeration Cycles"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.1  Page no : 308"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "COP = 8.5;\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "T1 = 300.;\t\t\t#Room temperature in K\n",
+      "T2 = 267.;\t\t\t#Refrigeration temperature in K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "COPmax = T2/(T1-T2);\t\t\t#Maximum COP possible\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Maximum COP possible is %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nSince the COP claimed by the inventor is more than the maximum possible COP\\\n",
+      " his claim is not correct'%(COPmax)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum COP possible is 8.09  \n",
+        "Since the COP claimed by the inventor is more than the maximum possible COP his claim is not correct\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.2  Page no : 309"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "TL = 268.;\t\t\t#Low temperature in K\n",
+      "TH = 293.;\t\t\t#High temperature in K\n",
+      "t = 24.;\t\t\t#time in hrs\n",
+      "C = 2100.;\t\t\t#Capacity of refrigerator in kJ/s\n",
+      "Tw = 10.;\t\t\t#Water temperature in oC\n",
+      "L = 335.;\t\t\t#Latent heat of ice in kJ/kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "COP = TL/(TH-TL);\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "Pmin = C/COP;\t\t\t#Minimum power required in kW\n",
+      "Qr = (4.187*(Tw-0))+L;\t\t\t#Heat removed from water in kJ/kg\n",
+      "m = C/Qr;\t\t\t#mass of ice formed in kg/s\n",
+      "W = (m*t*3600)/1000;\t\t\t#Weight of ice formed in tons\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Minimum power required is %3.2f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nWeight of ice formed in 24 hours is %3.2f tons'%(Pmin,W)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum power required is 195.90 kW  \n",
+        "Weight of ice formed in 24 hours is 481.44 tons\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.3  Page no : 309"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "TL = -10.;\t\t\t#Temperature of brine in oC\n",
+      "TH = 20.;\t\t\t#Temperature of water in oC\n",
+      "L = 335.;\t\t\t#Latent heat of ice in kJ/kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Qr = (4.187*(TH-0))+L;\t\t\t#Heat removed from water in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COP = (TL+273)/(TH-TL);\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "mi = (COP*3600)/Qr;\t\t\t#mass of ice formed per kWh in kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Mass of ice formed per kWh is %3.1f kg'%(mi)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mass of ice formed per kWh is 75.4 kg\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.4  Page no : 310"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 1.2;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "P2 = 7.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "m = 0.05;\t\t\t#mass flow rate of refrigerant in kg/s\n",
+      "h1 = 340.1;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "s1 = 1.57135;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 1 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "s2 = 1.57135;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 2 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "h2 = 372.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h3 = 226.575;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 3 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = 226.575;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Q2 = m*(h1-h4);\t\t\t#Rate of heat removed from the refrigerated space in kW\n",
+      "W = m*(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Power input to the compressor in kW\n",
+      "Q1 = m*(h2-h3);\t\t\t#Rate of heat rejection to the environment in kW\n",
+      "COP = Q2/W;\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Rate of heat removed from the refrigerated space is %3.2f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nPower input to the compressor is %3.3f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nRate of heat rejection to the environment is %3.2f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nCo-efficient of performance is %3.2f'%(Q2,W,Q1,COP)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Rate of heat removed from the refrigerated space is 5.68 kW  \n",
+        "Power input to the compressor is 1.595 kW  \n",
+        "Rate of heat rejection to the environment is 7.27 kW  \n",
+        "Co-efficient of performance is 3.56\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.5  Page no : 311"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "T2 = 40.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in oC\n",
+      "T1 = -10.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in oC\n",
+      "h2 = 367.155;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "s2 = 1.54057;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 2 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "s1 = 1.54057;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 1 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "sg = 1.56004;\t\t\t#Entropy from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "sf = 0.96601;\t\t\t#Entropy from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "hf = 190.822;\t\t\t#Enthalpy from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "hfg = 156.319;\t\t\t#Enthalpy from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "h3 = 238.533;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 3 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "h4 = h3;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x1 = (s1-sf)/(sg-sf);\t\t\t#Quality factor\n",
+      "h1 = hf+(x1*hfg);\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COP = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'COP of the system is %3.2f'%(COP)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "COP of the system is 4.12\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.6  Page no : 311"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "Tc = 35.;\t\t\t#Temperature of condenser in oC\n",
+      "Te = -15.;\t\t\t#Temperature of evaporator in oC\n",
+      "m = 10.;\t\t\t#Mass of ice per day in tons\n",
+      "Tw = 30.;\t\t\t#Temperature of water in oC\n",
+      "Ti = -5.;\t\t\t#Temperature of ice in oC\n",
+      "nv = 0.65;\t\t\t#Volumetric efficiency\n",
+      "N = 1200.;\t\t\t#Speed in rpm\n",
+      "x = 1.2;\t\t\t#Stroke to bore ratio\n",
+      "na = 0.85;\t\t\t#Adiabatic efficiency\n",
+      "nm = 0.95;\t\t\t#Mechanical efficiency\n",
+      "S = 4.187;\t\t\t#Specific heat of water in kJ/kg\n",
+      "L = 335.;\t\t\t#Latent heat of ice in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h1 = 1667.24;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at Te from Ammonia chart in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h2 = 1925.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at Te from Ammonia chart in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = 586.41;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at Tc from Ammonia chart in kJ/kg\n",
+      "v1 = 0.508;\t\t\t#Specific humidity at Te from Ammonia chart in (m**3)/kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Qr = (((m*1000)/24)*((S*(Tw-0))+L+(1.94*(0-Ti))))/3600;\t\t\t#Refrigerating capacity in kW\n",
+      "mr = Qr/(h1-h4);\t\t\t#Refrigerant mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+      "T2 = 112;\t\t\t#Discharge temperature in oC\n",
+      "D = ((mr*v1*4*60)/(nv*3.14*x*N))**(1./3);\t\t\t#Cylinder diameter in m\n",
+      "L = x*D;\t\t\t#Stroke length in m\n",
+      "W = (mr*(h2-h1))/(na*nm);\t\t\t#Compressor motor power in kW\n",
+      "COPth = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Theoretical COP\n",
+      "COPact = Qr/W;\t\t\t#Actual COP\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Refrigerating capacity of plant is %3.2f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nRefrigerant mass flow rate is %3.4f kg/s  \\\n",
+      "\\nDischarge temperature is %3.0f oC  \\\n",
+      "\\nCylinder diameter is %3.3f m  \\\n",
+      "\\nStroke length is %3.3f m  \\\n",
+      "\\nCompressor motor power is %3.2f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nTheoretical COP is %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nActual COP is %3.2f'%(Qr,mr,T2,D,L,W,COPth,COPact)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Refrigerating capacity of plant is 54.43 kW  \n",
+        "Refrigerant mass flow rate is 0.0504 kg/s  \n",
+        "Discharge temperature is 112 oC  \n",
+        "Cylinder diameter is 0.128 m  \n",
+        "Stroke length is 0.153 m  \n",
+        "Compressor motor power is 16.08 kW  \n",
+        "Theoretical COP is 4.19  \n",
+        "Actual COP is 3.39\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.7  Page no : 313"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "T1 = -5.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in oC\n",
+      "T2 = 30.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in oC\n",
+      "m = 13500.;\t\t\t#mass of ice per day in kg\n",
+      "Tw = 20.;\t\t\t#Temperature of water in oC\n",
+      "COP = 0.6;\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "h2 = 1709.33;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "s2 = 6.16259;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 2 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "s1 = 6.16259;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 1 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "sf = 1.8182;\t\t\t#Entropy in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "sg = 6.58542;\t\t\t#Entropy in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "hf = 400.98;\t\t\t#Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+      "hfg = 1278.35;\t\t\t#Enthalpy in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = 562.75;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "S = 4.187;\t\t\t#Specific heat of water in kJ/kg\n",
+      "L = 336.;\t\t\t#Latent heat of ice in kJ/kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x1 = (s1-sf)/(sg-sf);\t\t\t#Quality factor\n",
+      "h1 = hf+(x1*hfg);\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COPi = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Ideal COP\n",
+      "COPact = COP*COPi;\t\t\t#Actual COP\n",
+      "Qr = ((m*S*(Tw-0))+(m*L))/(24*3600);\t\t\t#Total amount of heat removed in kJ/s\n",
+      "mr = Qr/(h1-h4);\t\t\t#Circulation rate of ammonia in kg/s\n",
+      "W = mr*(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Power required in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Circulation rate of ammonia is %3.3f kg/s  \\\n",
+      "\\nPower required is %3.3f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nCOP is %3.3f'%(mr,W,COPact)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Circulation rate of ammonia is 0.065 kg/s  \n",
+        "Power required is 9.374 kW  \n",
+        "COP is 4.198\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.8  Page no : 314"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "Tc = 20.;\t\t\t#Temperature of condenser in oC\n",
+      "Te = -25.;\t\t\t#Temperature of evaporator in oC\n",
+      "m = 15.;\t\t\t#Mass of ice per day in tons\n",
+      "Ts = 5.;\t\t\t#Subcooled temperature in oC\n",
+      "Tsh = 10.;\t\t\t#Superheated temperature in oC\n",
+      "n = 6.;\t\t\t#No. of cylinders\n",
+      "N = 950.;\t\t\t#Speed of compressor in rpm\n",
+      "x = 1.;\t\t\t#Stroke to bore ratio\n",
+      "h1 = 402.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 from R-22 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h2 = 442.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 from R-22 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h3 = 216.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 3 from R-22 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = 216.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 from R-22 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "v1 = 2.258;\t\t\t#Specific volume at point 1 in (m**3)/min\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "Re = h1-h4;         \t\t\t#Refrigerating effect in kJ/kg\n",
+      "mr = (m*14000)/(Re*60);\t\t\t#Mass flow of refrigerant in kg/min\n",
+      "Pth = (mr*(h2-h1))/60;\t\t\t#Theoretical power in kW\n",
+      "COP = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "Dth = v1/n;\t\t\t            #Theoretical print lacement per cylinder\n",
+      "D = (((Dth*4)/(3.147*N))**(1./3))*1000;\t\t\t#Theoretical bore of compressor in mm\n",
+      "L = D;              \t\t\t#Theoretical stroke of compressor in mm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Refrigerating effect is %3.0f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+      "\\nMass flow of refrigerant per minute is %3.2f kg/min  \\\n",
+      "\\nTheoretical input power is %3.2f kW  COP is %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nTheoretical bore of compressor is %3.2f mm  \\\n",
+      "\\nTheoretical stroke of compressor is %3.2f mm'%(Re,mr,Pth,COP,D,L)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Refrigerating effect is 186 kJ/kg  \n",
+        "Mass flow of refrigerant per minute is 18.82 kg/min  \n",
+        "Theoretical input power is 12.54 kW  COP is 4.65  \n",
+        "Theoretical bore of compressor is 79.56 mm  \n",
+        "Theoretical stroke of compressor is 79.56 mm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.9  Page no : 316"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "T2 = 40.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in oC\n",
+      "T1 = -5.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in oC\n",
+      "h2 = 367.155;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 from F-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "sg = 1.55717;\t\t\t#Entropy from F-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "s1 = 1.54057;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 1 from F-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "sf = 0.98311;\t\t\t#Entropy from F-12 tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "hf = 195.394;\t\t\t#Enthalpy from F-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "hfg = 153.934;\t\t\t#Enthalpy from F-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = 238.533;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 from F-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4s = 218;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 with subcooling from F-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x1 = (s1-sf)/(sg-sf);\t\t\t#Quality factor\n",
+      "h1 = hf+(x1*hfg);\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 from refrigerant-12 tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COPns = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance with no subcooling\n",
+      "COPs = (h1-h4s)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance with subcooling\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'COP with no subcooling is %3.3f  \\\n",
+      "\\nCOP with subcooling is %3.3f'%(COPns,COPs)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "COP with no subcooling is 4.773  \n",
+        "COP with subcooling is 5.695\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.10  Page no : 309"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "Tg = 470.;\t\t\t#Heating temperature in K\n",
+      "T0 = 290.;\t\t\t#Cooling temperature in K\n",
+      "TL = 270.;\t\t\t#Refrigeration temperature in K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "COP = ((Tg-T0)/Tg)*(TL/(T0-TL));\t\t\t#Ideal COP of absorption refrigeration system\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Ideal COP of absorption refrigeration system is %3.2f'%(COP)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Ideal COP of absorption refrigeration system is 5.17\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.11  Page no : 317"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "T1 = -18.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in oC\n",
+      "T3 = 27.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in oC\n",
+      "rp = 4.;\t\t\t#Pressure ratio\n",
+      "m = 0.045;\t\t\t#mass flow rate in kg/s\n",
+      "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Ratio of specific heats\n",
+      "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (y-1)/y;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "T2 = (rp**x)*(273+T1);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "Tmax = T2-273;\t\t\t#Maximum temperature in oC\n",
+      "T4 = ((1/rp)**x)*(273+T3);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+      "Tmin = T4-273;\t\t\t#Minimum temperature in oC\n",
+      "qL = Cp*(T1-Tmin);\t\t\t#Heat rejected\n",
+      "Wcin = Cp*(Tmax-T1);\t\t\t#Compressor work\n",
+      "Wtout = Cp*(T3-Tmin);\t\t\t#Turbine work\n",
+      "Wnet = Wcin-Wtout;\t\t\t#Net work done\n",
+      "COP = qL/Wnet;\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "Qref = m*qL;\t\t\t#Rate of refrigeration in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Maximum temperature in the cycle is %3.0f oC  \\\n",
+      "\\nMinimum temperature in the cycle is %3.0f oC  \\\n",
+      "\\nCOP is %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nRate of refrigeration is %3.2f kW'%(Tmax,Tmin,COP,Qref)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum temperature in the cycle is 106 oC  \n",
+        "Minimum temperature in the cycle is -71 oC  \n",
+        "COP is 2.06  \n",
+        "Rate of refrigeration is 2.40 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.12  Page no : 318"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 1.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "T1 = 268.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "P2 = 5.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "T3 = 288.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+      "n = 1.3;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (n-1)/n;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "T2 = ((P2/P1)**x)*T1;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "T4 = ((P1/P2)**x)*T3;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+      "W = Cp*(T3-T4);\t\t\t#Work developed per kg of air in kJ/kg\n",
+      "Re = Cp*(T1-T4);\t\t\t#Refrigerating effect per kg of air in kJ/kg\n",
+      "Wnet = Cp*((T2-T1)-(T3-T4));\t\t\t#Net work output in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COP = Re/Wnet;\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Work developed per kg of air is %3.3f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+      "\\nRefrigerating effect per kg of air is %3.3f kJ/kg  \\\n",
+      "\\nCOP of the cycle is %3.2f'%(W,Re,COP)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Work developed per kg of air is 89.795 kJ/kg  \n",
+        "Refrigerating effect per kg of air is 69.695 kJ/kg  \n",
+        "COP of the cycle is 2.22\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.13  Page no : 319"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "T1 = 277.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "T3 = 328.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 in K\n",
+      "P1 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in MPa\n",
+      "P2 = 0.3;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in MPa\n",
+      "nc = 0.72;\t\t\t#Isentropic efficiency of compressor\n",
+      "nt = 0.78;\t\t\t#Isentropic efficiency of turbine\n",
+      "y = 1.4;\t\t\t#Adiabatic gas constant\n",
+      "Cp = 1.005;\t\t\t#Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "m = 3.;\t\t\t#Cooling load in tonnes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x = (y-1)/y;\t\t\t#Ratio\n",
+      "T2s = T1*((P2/P1)**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2s in K\n",
+      "T2 = ((T2s-T1)/nc)+T1;\t\t\t#Temerature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "T4s = T3*((P1/P2)**x);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4s in K\n",
+      "T4 = T3-((T3-T4s)*nt);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 in K\n",
+      "Re = Cp*(T1-T4);\t\t\t#Refrigerating effect in kJ/kg\n",
+      "Wnet = Cp*((T2-T1)-(T3-T4));\t\t\t#Net work output in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COP = Re/Wnet;\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "P = (m*3.52)/COP;\t\t\t#Driving power required in kW\n",
+      "ma = (m*3.52)/Re;\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of air in kg/s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'COP of refrigerator is %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nDriving power required is %3.0f kW  \\\n",
+      "\\nMass flow rate of air is %3.2f kg/s'%(COP,P,ma)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "COP of refrigerator is 0.25  \n",
+        "Driving power required is  43 kW  \n",
+        "Mass flow rate of air is 0.59 kg/s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.14  Page no : 321"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 2.5;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "P3 = 9.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 3 in bar\n",
+      "COPr = 0.65;\t\t\t#Ratio of actual COP to the theoretical COP\n",
+      "m = 5.;\t\t\t#Refrigerant flow in kg/min\n",
+      "T1 = 309;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "T2s = 300;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2s in K\n",
+      "h1 = 570.3;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at P1 from the given tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = 456.4;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at P3 from the given tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h2g = 585.3;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at P3 from the given tables in kJ/kg\n",
+      "s2 = 4.76;\t\t\t#Entropy at P1 from the given tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "s2g = 4.74;\t\t\t#Entropy at P3 from the given tables in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "Cp = 0.67;\t\t\t#Specific heat at P3 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "T2 = (2.718**((s2-s2g)/Cp))*T2s;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "h2 = h2g+(Cp*(T2-T2s));\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COPR = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Refrigerant COP\n",
+      "COPact = COPr*COPR;\t\t\t#Actual COP\n",
+      "qL = COPact*(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Heat rejected in kJ/kg\n",
+      "QL = ((m*qL*60)/3600)/3.516;\t\t\t#Cooling produced per kg of refrigerant in tonnes of refrigeration\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'Theoretical COP is %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nNet cooling produced per hour is %3.2f TR'%(COPR,QL)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Theoretical COP is 5.40  \n",
+        "Net cooling produced per hour is 1.75 TR\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.15  Page no : 322"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "T2 = 298.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "T1 = 268.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "hf1 = -7.54;\t\t\t#Liquid Enthalpy at T1 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "x1 = 0.6;\t\t\t#Quality factor 1\n",
+      "hfg1 = 245.3;\t\t\t#Latent heat at T1 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "sf1 = 0.251;\t\t\t#Liquid Entropy at T1 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "s1 = 0.507;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 1 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "hfg2 = 121.4;\t\t\t#Latent heat at T2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "hf2 = 81.3;\t\t\t#Liquid Enthalpy at T2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = hf2;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "h1 = hf1+(x1*hfg1);\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "x2 = ((s1-sf1)*T2)/hfg2;\t\t\t#Quality factor 2\n",
+      "h2 = hf2+(x2*hfg2);\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COP = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#COP of the machine\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'COP of the machine is %3.2f'%(COP)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "COP of the machine is 3.25\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.16  Page no : 323"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "P1 = 25.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 1 in bar\n",
+      "P2 = 60.;\t\t\t#Pressure at point 2 in bar\n",
+      "h2 = 208.1;\t\t\t#Vapour enthalpy at P2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h3 = 61.9;\t\t\t#Liquid enthalpy at P2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = h3;\t\t\t#Liquid enthalpy at P2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "s2 = 0.703;\t\t\t#Vapour entropy at P2 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "sf1 = -0.075;\t\t\t#Liquid entropy at P1 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "sfg1 = 0.971;\t\t\t#Entropy in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "hf1 = -18.4;\t\t\t#Liquid Enthalpy at P1 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "hfg1 = 252.9;\t\t\t#Latent heat at P1 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "m = 5.;\t\t\t#Refrigerant flow in kg/min\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "x1 = (s2-sf1)/sfg1;\t\t\t#Quality factor 1\n",
+      "h1 = hf1+(x1*hfg1);\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COP = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "QL = (m*(h1-h4))/60;\t\t\t#Capacity of the refrigerator in kW\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'COP of refrigerator is %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nCapacity of refrigerator is %3.2f kW'%(COP,QL)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# rounding off error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "COP of refrigerator is 5.13  \n",
+        "Capacity of refrigerator is 10.19 kW\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 6.17  Page no : 324"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "import math \n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variables\n",
+      "T1 = 271.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1 in K\n",
+      "T = 265.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 1' in K\n",
+      "Ta = 303.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2' in K\n",
+      "Cpv = 0.733;\t\t\t#Specific heat of vapour in kJ/kg\n",
+      "Cpl = 1.235;\t\t\t#Specific heat of liquid in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h = 184.07;\t\t\t#Liquid enthalpy at T in kJ/kg\n",
+      "s = 0.7;\t\t\t#Entropy at point 1' in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "sa = 0.685;\t\t\t#Vapour entropy at Ta in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "ha = 199.62;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2' in kJ/kg\n",
+      "hfb = 64.59;\t\t\t#Liquid enthalpy at Ta in kJ/kg\n",
+      "DT3 = 5.;\t\t\t#Temperature difference in oC\n",
+      "Q = 2532.;\t\t\t#Refrigeration capacity in kJ/min\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculations\n",
+      "s2 = s+(Cpv*((math.log(T1/T))/(math.log(2.718))));\t\t\t#Entropy at point 1 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "h1 = h+(Cpv*(T1-T));\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 in kJ/kg-K\n",
+      "T2 = (2.718**((s2-sa)/Cpv))*Ta;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 2 in K\n",
+      "h2 = ha+(Cpv*(T2-Ta));\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 2 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "h4 = hfb-(Cpl*DT3);\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 in kJ/kg\n",
+      "COP = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1);\t\t\t#Co-efficient of performance\n",
+      "m = Q/(h1-h4);\t\t\t#Mass flow rate of refrigerant in kJ/min\n",
+      "P = (m*(h2-h1))/(60*12);\t\t\t#Power required in kW/TR\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Results\n",
+      "print 'COP is %3.2f  \\\n",
+      "\\nTheoretical power required per tonne of refrigeration is %3.3f kW/TR'%(COP,P)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "COP is 6.23  \n",
+        "Theoretical power required per tonne of refrigeration is 0.564 kW/TR\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch7.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch7.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c00c04cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch7.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 7 : Air Conditioning"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7.1  Page no : 345"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Heating capacity of coil is 5.40 kW  \n",
+      "Surface temperature of coil is  35 C  \n",
+      "Capacity of humidifier is 3.33 kg/hr\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "DBTo = 10.;\t\t\t#Out door Dry bulb temperature in oC\n",
+    "WBTo = 8.;\t\t\t#Out door Wet bulb temperature in oC\n",
+    "DBTi = 20.;\t\t\t#In door Dry bulb temperature in oC\n",
+    "RH = 0.6;\t\t\t#Re-Heat factor\n",
+    "a = 0.3;\t\t\t#amount of air circulated in (m**3)/min/person\n",
+    "S = 50.;\t\t\t#Seating capacity of office\n",
+    "BPF = 0.32;\t\t\t#ByPass factor\n",
+    "ha = 25.;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point a from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 346 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "hb = 42.5;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point b from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 346 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "hc = 42.5;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point c from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 346 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Wa = 0.006;\t\t\t#Specific humidity at point a from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 346 in kg/kg dry air\n",
+    "Wc = 0.009;\t\t\t#Specific humidity at point c from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 346 in kg/kg dry air\n",
+    "Tb = 27.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point b in oC\n",
+    "na = 0.81;\t\t\t#Specific Volume from Psychrometric chart shown in page 346 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "ma = (a*S)/(na*60);\t\t\t#mass of air circulated per second in kg/s\n",
+    "Hc = ma*(hb-ha);\t\t\t#Heating capacity of coil in kW\n",
+    "Ts = (Tb-(BPF*DBTo))/(1-BPF);\t\t\t#Heating coil surface temperature in oC\n",
+    "C = (ma*3600)*(Wc-Wa);\t\t\t#Capacity of humidifier in kg/hr\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Heating capacity of coil is %3.2f kW  \\\n",
+    "\\nSurface temperature of coil is %3.0f C  \\\n",
+    "\\nCapacity of humidifier is %3.2f kg/hr'%(Hc,Ts,C)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7.2  Page no : 346"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Capacity of cooling coil is 6.16 tonnes  \n",
+      "Capacity of heating coil is 3.6 kW  \n",
+      "Amount of water vapour removed per hour is 17.80 kg/hr  \n",
+      "Bypass factor is 0.385\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "S = 60.;\t\t\t#No. of staff\n",
+    "DBTo = 30.;\t\t\t#Out door Dry bulb temperature in oC\n",
+    "RHo = 0.7;\t\t\t#Re-Heat factor at out-door\n",
+    "a = 0.4;\t\t\t#amount of air circulated in (m**3)/min/person\n",
+    "DBTi = 20.;\t\t\t#In door Dry bulb temperature in oC\n",
+    "RHi = 0.6;\t\t\t#Re-Heat factor at indoor\n",
+    "Td = 25.;\t\t\t#Heating coil surface temperature in oC\n",
+    "ha = 82.5;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point a from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 347 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "hb = 34.5;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point b from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 347 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "hc = 42.5;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point c from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 347 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "Wa = 0.020;\t\t\t#Specific humidity at point a from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 347 in kg/kg dry air\n",
+    "Wb = 0.009;\t\t\t#Specific humidity at point b from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 347 in kg/kg dry air\n",
+    "Tb = 12.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point b in oC\n",
+    "na = 0.89;\t\t\t#Specific Volume from Psychrometric chart shown in page 346 in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "ma = (a*S)/(na*60);\t\t\t#mass of air circulated per second in kg/s\n",
+    "Hc = (ma*(ha-hb))/3.5;\t\t\t#Heating capacity of cooling coil in tonnes\n",
+    "Hh = ma*(hc-hb);\t\t\t#Heating capacity of heating coil in kW\n",
+    "W = (ma*3600)*(Wa-Wb);\t\t\t#Amount of water vapour removed per hour in kg/hr\n",
+    "BPF = (Td-DBTi)/(Td-Tb);\t\t\t#By-Pass factor\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Capacity of cooling coil is %3.2f tonnes  \\\n",
+    "\\nCapacity of heating coil is %3.1f kW  \\\n",
+    "\\nAmount of water vapour removed per hour is %3.2f kg/hr  \\\n",
+    "\\nBypass factor is %3.3f'%(Hc,Hh,W,BPF)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 7.3  Page no : 347"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Supply air condition to the room is 2.74 kg/s  \n",
+      "Refrigeration load due to reheat is 4.93 ton  \n",
+      "Total refrigerating capacity is 16.28 ton  \n",
+      "Quantity of fresh air supplied is 0.365 m**3/s\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "RSH = 10.;\t\t\t#Room sensible heat in kW\n",
+    "RLH = 10.;\t\t\t#Room latent heat in kW\n",
+    "td1 = 25.;\t\t\t#Inside temperature in oC\n",
+    "RH1 = 0.5;\t\t\t#Inside Re-Heat factor\n",
+    "h1 = 50.4;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 1 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "td2 = 35.;\t\t\t#Out door Dry bulb temperature in oC\n",
+    "tw2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Out door Wet bulb temperature in oC\n",
+    "CR = 4.;\t\t\t#Cooling coil ratio\n",
+    "BPF = 0.1;\t\t\t#Cooling coil bypass factor\n",
+    "tADP = 10;\t\t\t#Apparatus dew point temperature in oC\n",
+    "RH3 = 0.55;\t\t\t#Re-Heat factor at point 3\n",
+    "h3 = 58.2;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 3 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "RH4 = 0.95;\t\t\t#Re-Heat factor at point 4\n",
+    "h4 = 32.2;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 4 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "RH5 = 0.81;\t\t\t#Re-Heat factor at point 5\n",
+    "h5 = 36.8;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 5 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "RH6 = 0.54;\t\t\t#Re-Heat factor at point 6\n",
+    "h6 = 43.1;\t\t\t#Enthalpy at point 5 in kJ/kg\n",
+    "td6 = 22.;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 6 in oC\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "td3 = ((td2-td1)/5)+td1;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 3 from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 348 in oC\n",
+    "td4 = (BPF*(td3-tADP))+tADP;\t\t\t#Temperature at point 4 from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 348 in oC\n",
+    "td5 = td4+((td1-td4)/5);\t\t\t#Temperature at point 5 from Psychrometric chart shown in Page 348 in oC\n",
+    "RSHF = RSH/(RSH+RLH);\t\t\t#Room Sensible Heat Factor\n",
+    "QR = h1-h6;\t\t\t#Total heat removed in kJ/kg\n",
+    "S = (RSH+RLH)/QR;\t\t\t#Supply air quantity in kg/s\n",
+    "R = (S*(h6-h5))/3.5;\t\t\t#Refrigeration load due to reheat in ton\n",
+    "D = (S*4)/5;\t\t\t#Dehumidified air quantity in kg/s\n",
+    "T = (D*(h3-h4))/3.5;\t\t\t#Total refrigerating capacity in ton\n",
+    "Q = (D/5)/1.2;\t\t\t#Quantity of fresh air supplied in (m**3)/s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Supply air condition to the room is %3.2f kg/s  \\\n",
+    "\\nRefrigeration load due to reheat is %3.2f ton  \\\n",
+    "\\nTotal refrigerating capacity is %3.2f ton  \\\n",
+    "\\nQuantity of fresh air supplied is %3.3f m**3/s'%(S,R,T,Q)\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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