Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books

 A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/Chapter1_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter10_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter11_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter12_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter13_4.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter2_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter4_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter5_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter6_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter7_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter8_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/chapter9_5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/charpter_3_6.ipynb
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/screenshots/1_3.PNG
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/screenshots/2_3.PNG
A  Engineering_Mechanics_of_Solids_by_Popov_E_P/screenshots/3_3.PNG
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/README.txt
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch1.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch2.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch3.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch4.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch5.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch6.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch7.ipynb
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/screenshots/1.png
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/screenshots/2.png
A  Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/screenshots/3.png

1 files changed, 702 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch1.ipynb b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16247619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Thermal_Engineering_by_A._V._Arasu/ch1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter 1 : Fuels and Combustion"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.1  Page no : 15"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum mass of air per kg of coal is 11.45 kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.91;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.02;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N = 0.008;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "S = 0.008;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Minimum mass of air per kg of coal is %3.2f kg'%(m)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.2  Page no : 16"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Theoretical volume of air at N.T.P per kg fuel is 10.85 m**3)/kg of fuel\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.86;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.12;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.01;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "S = 0.01;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "v = 0.773;\t\t\t#Specific volume of air at N.T.P in (m**3)/kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Theoretical mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "vth = m*v;\t\t\t#Theoretical volume of air at N.T.P per kg fuel in (m**3)/kg of fuel\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Theoretical volume of air at N.T.P per kg fuel is %3.2f m**3)/kg of fuel'%(vth)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.3  Page no : 16"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum quantity of air required for complete combustion is 10.83 kg  \n",
+      "Total mass of products of combustion is 11.792 kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.78;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.06;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.078;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N = 0.012;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "S = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Minimum quantity of air required in kg\n",
+    "mt = ((11*C)/3)+(9*H)+(2*S)+(8.32+N);\t\t\t#Total mass of products of combustion in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Minimum quantity of air required for complete combustion is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nTotal mass of products of combustion is %3.3f kg'%(m,mt)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.4  Page no : 17"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mass of dry flue gases per kg of coal burnt is 19 kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.84;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.09;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.0875;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO2\n",
+    "CO = 0.0225;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO\n",
+    "O2 = 0.08;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N2 = 0.81;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "M1 = 44.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO\n",
+    "M3 = 32.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c1 = CO2*M1;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO2\n",
+    "c2 = CO*M2;\t    \t\t#Proportional mass of CO\n",
+    "c3 = O2*M3;\t\t    \t#Proportional mass of O2\n",
+    "c4 = N2*M4;\t\t\t    #Proportional mass of N2\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional mass of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t    \t#Mass of CO2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t    \t#Mass of CO per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t    \t#Mass of O2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t    \t#Mass of N2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "d1 = m1*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of CO2\n",
+    "d2 = m2*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of CO\n",
+    "d3 = m3*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of O2\n",
+    "d4 = m4*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of N2\n",
+    "m = ((3*m1)/11)+((3*m2)/7.);\t\t\t#Mass of carbon in kg\n",
+    "md = C/m;\t\t\t    #Mass of dry flue gas in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mass of dry flue gases per kg of coal burnt is %.f kg'%(md)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# note : rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.5  Page no : 17"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum air required to burn 1 kg of coal is 8.43 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of air actually supplied per kg of coal is 11.521 kg  \n",
+      "Amount of excess air supplied per kg of coal burnt is 3.090 kg\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.624;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.042;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.045;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.13;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO2\n",
+    "CO = 0.003;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO\n",
+    "O2 = 0.06;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N2 = 0.807;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "M1 = 44;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 28;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO\n",
+    "M3 = 32;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "mw = 0.378;\t\t\t#Mass of H2O in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)));\t\t\t#Minimum air required in kg\n",
+    "c1 = CO2*M1;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO2\n",
+    "c2 = CO*M2;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO\n",
+    "c3 = O2*M3;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of O2\n",
+    "c4 = N2*M4;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of N2\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional mass of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t\t#Mass of O2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "d1 = m1*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of CO2\n",
+    "d2 = m2*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of CO\n",
+    "d3 = m3*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of O2\n",
+    "d4 = m4*100;\t\t\t#Mass analysis of N2\n",
+    "mC = ((3*m1)/11)+((3*m2)/7);\t\t\t#Mass of carbon in kg\n",
+    "md = C/mC;\t\t\t#Mass of dry flue gas in kg\n",
+    "mact = (md+mw)-(C+H+O);\t\t\t#Actual air supplied per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "me = mact-m;\t\t\t#Mass of excess air per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Minimum air required to burn 1 kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of air actually supplied per kg of coal is %3.3f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nAmount of excess air supplied per kg of coal burnt is %3.3f kg'%(m,mact,me)\n",
+    "#rounding-off errors"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.6  Page no : 19"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mass of air to be supplied is 9.92 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of CO2 produced per kg of coal is 2.86 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of H2O produced per kg of coal is 0.27 kg\n",
+      "Mass of SO2 produced per kg of coal is 0.02 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of excess O2 produced per kg of coal is 0.69 kg  \n",
+      "Mass of N2 produced per kg of coal is 9.90 kg \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.78;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "S = 0.01;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "me = 0.3;\t\t\t#Mass of excess air supplied\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mec = me*m;\t\t\t#Excess air supplied per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mact = m+mec;\t\t\t#Actual mass of air supplied per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mCO2 = (11*C)/3;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mHw = 9*H;\t\t\t#Mass of H2O produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mSO2 = 2*S;\t\t\t#Mass of SO2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mO2 = 0.232*mec;\t\t\t#Mass of excess O2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mN2 = 0.768*mact;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mass of air to be supplied is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of CO2 produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of H2O produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg\\\n",
+    "\\nMass of SO2 produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of excess O2 produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nMass of N2 produced per kg of coal is %3.2f kg '%(m,mCO2,mHw,mSO2,mO2,mN2)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.7  Page no : 20"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum mass of air required is 11.4 kg  \n",
+      "Total mass of dry flue gases per kg of fuel is 17.93 kg  \n",
+      "Percentage composition of CO2 by volume is 12.69 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage composition of SO2 by volume is 0.048 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage composition of O2 by volume is 7.2 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage composition of N2 by volume is 80.08 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.9;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.033;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.03;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N = 0.008;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "S = 0.009;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Sulphur\n",
+    "M1 = 44;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 64;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of SO2\n",
+    "M3 = 32;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)))+(4.3*S);\t\t\t#Minimum mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mCO2 = (11*C)/3;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mHw = 9*H;\t\t\t#Mass of H2O produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mSO2 = 2*S;\t\t\t#Mass of SO2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mt = 11.5*1.5;\t\t\t#Total mass of air supplied per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "me = mt-m;\t\t\t#Excess air supplied in kg\n",
+    "mO2 = 0.232*me;\t\t\t#Mass of excess O2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mN2 = 0.768*mt;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 produced per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mtN2 = mN2+N;\t\t\t#Total mass of Nitrogen in exhaust in kg\n",
+    "md = mCO2+mSO2+mO2+mtN2;\t\t\t#Total mass of dry flue gases per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "CO2 = (mCO2/md)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO2 by mass in percent\n",
+    "SO2 = (mSO2/md)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of SO2 by mass in percent\n",
+    "O2 = (mO2/md)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of O2 by mass in percent\n",
+    "N2 = (mN2/md)*100;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of N2 by mass in percent\n",
+    "c1 = CO2/M1;\t\t\t#Proportional volume of CO2\n",
+    "c2 = SO2/M2;\t\t\t#Proportional volume of SO2\n",
+    "c3 = O2/M3;\t\t\t#Proportional volume of O2\n",
+    "c4 = N2/M4;\t\t\t#Proportional volume of N2\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional volume of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t\t#Volume of CO2 in 1 (m**3) of flue gas\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t\t#Volume of SO2 in 1 (m**3) of flue gas\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t\t#Volume of O2 in 1 (m**3) of flue gas\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t\t#Volume of N2 in 1 (m**3) of flue gas\n",
+    "d1 = m1*100;\t\t\t#Volume analysis of CO2\n",
+    "d2 = m2*100;\t\t\t#Volume analysis of SO2\n",
+    "d3 = m3*100;\t\t\t#Volume analysis of O2\n",
+    "d4 = m4*100;\t\t\t#Volume analysis of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Minimum mass of air required is %3.1f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nTotal mass of dry flue gases per kg of fuel is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage composition of CO2 by volume is %3.2f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage composition of SO2 by volume is %3.3f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage composition of O2 by volume is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage composition of N2 by volume is %3.2f percent'%(m,md,d1,d2,d3,d4)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# note : rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.8  Page no : 21"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mass of air actually supplied per kg of coal is 18.20 kg  \n",
+      "Percentage of excess air is 60 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.88;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.036;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.048;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of oxygen\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.109;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO2\n",
+    "CO = 0.01;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO\n",
+    "O2 = 0.071;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N2 = 0.81;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "M1 = 44.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO\n",
+    "M3 = 32.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "m = (11.5*C)+(34.5*(H-(O/8)));\t\t\t#Theoretical air required in kg\n",
+    "c1 = CO2*M1;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO2\n",
+    "c2 = CO*M2;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO\n",
+    "c3 = O2*M3;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of O2\n",
+    "c4 = N2*M4;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of N2\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional mass of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t\t#Mass of O2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "mC = ((3*m1)/11)+((3*m2)/7);\t\t\t#Mass of carbon in kg\n",
+    "md = C/mC;\t\t\t#Mass of dry flue gas in kg\n",
+    "hc = H*9;\t\t\t#Hydrogen combustion in kg of H2O\n",
+    "mair = (md+hc)-(C+H+O);\t\t\t#Mass of air supplied per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "me = mair-m;\t\t\t#Excess air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mN2 = m4*md;\t\t\t#Mass of nitrogen per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "mact = mN2/0.768;\t\t\t#Actual mass of air per kg of coal in kg\n",
+    "pe = (me/m)*100;\t\t\t#Perccentage excess air in percent\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mass of air actually supplied per kg of coal is %3.2f kg  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage of excess air is %.f percent'%(mact,pe)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# note : rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.9  Page no : 22"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Mass of excess air supplied per kg of fuel burnt is 6.0 kg/kg of fuel  \n",
+      "Air-fuel ratio is 20.7:1\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "C = 0.84;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Carbon\n",
+    "H = 0.14;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of Hydrogen\n",
+    "O = 0.02;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of oxygen\n",
+    "CO2 = 8.85;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO2\n",
+    "CO = 1.2;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of CO\n",
+    "O2 = 6.8;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Oxygen\n",
+    "N2 = 83.15;\t\t\t#Volumetric composition of Nitrogen\n",
+    "M1 = 44.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO2\n",
+    "M2 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of CO\n",
+    "M3 = 32.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of O2\n",
+    "M4 = 28.;\t\t\t#Molecular mass of N2\n",
+    "a = 8/3.;\t\t\t#O2 required per kg C\n",
+    "b = 8.; \t\t\t#O2 required per kg H2\n",
+    "mair = 0.23;\t\t\t#Mass of air\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "c = C*a;\t\t\t#O2 required per kg of fuel for C\n",
+    "d = H*b;\t\t\t#O2 required per kg of fuel for H2\n",
+    "tO2 = c+d+O;\t\t\t#Theoreticcal O2 required in kg/kg of fuel\n",
+    "tm = tO2/mair;\t\t\t#Theoretical mass of air in kg/kg of fuel\n",
+    "c1 = CO2*M1;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO2 by Volume\n",
+    "c2 = CO*M2;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of CO by Volume\n",
+    "c3 = O2*M3;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of O2 by Volume\n",
+    "c4 = N2*M4;\t\t\t#Proportional mass of N2 by Volume\n",
+    "c = c1+c2+c3+c4;\t\t\t#Total proportional mass of constituents\n",
+    "m1 = c1/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m2 = c2/c;\t\t\t#Mass of CO per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m3 = c3/c;\t\t\t#Mass of O2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "m4 = c4/c;\t\t\t#Mass of N2 per kg of flue gas in kg\n",
+    "mC = ((m1*12)/M1)+((m2*12)/M2);\t\t\t#Mass of carbon per kg of dry flue gas in kg\n",
+    "md = C/mC;\t\t\t#Mass of dry flue per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "p = (4*m2)/7;\t\t\t#Oxygen required to burn CO in kg\n",
+    "meO2 = md*(m3-p);\t\t\t#Mass of excess O2 per kg of fuel in kg\n",
+    "me = meO2/mair;\t\t\t#Mass of excess air in kg/kg fuel\n",
+    "mt = tm+me;\t\t\t#Total air required per kg fuel\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Mass of excess air supplied per kg of fuel burnt is %3.1f kg/kg of fuel  \\\n",
+    "\\nAir-fuel ratio is %3.1f:1'%(me,mt)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# rounding off error"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.10  Page no : 23"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Volume of air required for complete combustion is 1.178 m**3)\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "H2 = 0.27;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of H2 by volume\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.18;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO2 by volume\n",
+    "CO = 0.125;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO by volume\n",
+    "CH4 = 0.025;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CH4 by volume\n",
+    "N2 = 0.4;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of N2 by volume\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "v = (2.38*(H2+CO))+(9.52*CH4);\t\t\t#Volume of air required for complete combustion in (m**3)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Volume of air required for complete combustion is %3.3f m**3)'%(v)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.11  Page no : 24"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Air-fuel ratio by volume is 5.055\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "H2 = 0.5;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of H2 by volume\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO2 by volume\n",
+    "CO = 0.05;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO by volume\n",
+    "CH4 = 0.25;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CH4 by volume\n",
+    "N2 = 0.1;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of N2 by volume\n",
+    "pCO2 = 8;\t\t\t#Percentage volumetric analysis of CO2\n",
+    "pO2 = 6;\t\t\t#Percentage volumetric analysis of O2\n",
+    "pN2 = 86;\t\t\t#Percentage volumetric analysis of N2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "v = (2.38*(H2+CO))+(9.52*CH4);\t\t\t#Volume of air required for complete combustion in (m**3)\n",
+    "vN2 = v*0.79;\t\t\t#Volume of nitrogen in the air in m**3\n",
+    "a = CO+CH4+CO2;\t\t\t#CO2 formed per m**3 of fuel gas burnt\n",
+    "b = vN2+N2;\t\t\t#N2 formed per m**3 of fuel gas burnt\n",
+    "vt = a+b;\t\t\t#Total volume of dry flue gas formed in m**3\n",
+    "ve = (pO2*vt)/(21-pO2);\t\t\t#Excess air supplied in m**3\n",
+    "V = v+ve;\t\t\t#Total quantity of air supplied in m**3\n",
+    "afr = V/1\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Air-fuel ratio by volume is %3.3f'%(afr)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example 1.12  Page no : 24"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Volume of air required for complete combustion is 0.952 m**3)  \n",
+      "Volume of CO2 per m**3 of gas fuel is 0.29 m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \n",
+      "Volume of N2 per m**3 of gas fuel is 1.603 m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \n",
+      "Volume of excess O2 per m**3 of gas fuel is 0.08 m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \n",
+      "Total volume of dry combustion products is 1.973 m**3/m**3 of gas fuel \n",
+      "Percentage volume of CO2 is 14.7 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage volume of N2 is 81.25 percent  \n",
+      "Percentage volume of O2 is 4.05 percent\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# Variables\n",
+    "H2 = 0.14;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of H2 by volume\n",
+    "CO2 = 0.05;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO2 by volume\n",
+    "CO = 0.22;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CO by volume\n",
+    "CH4 = 0.02;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of CH4 by volume\n",
+    "O2 = 0.02;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of O2 by volume\n",
+    "N2 = 0.55;\t\t\t#Percentage composition of N2 by volume\n",
+    "e = 0.4;\t\t\t#Excess air supplied\n",
+    "# Calculations\n",
+    "v = (2.38*(H2+CO))+(9.52*CH4)-(4.76*O2);\t\t\t#Volume of air required for complete combustion in (m**3)\n",
+    "ve = v*e;\t\t\t#Volume of excess air supplied in m**3\n",
+    "vtN2 = v-(v*0.21);\t\t\t#Volume of N2 in theoretical air in m**3\n",
+    "veN2 = ve-(ve*0.21);\t\t\t#Volume of N2 in excess air in m**3\n",
+    "vt = vtN2+veN2;\t\t\t#Total volume of N2 in air supplied in m**3\n",
+    "vCO2 = CO+CH4+CO2;\t\t\t#CO2 formed per m**3 of fuel gas\n",
+    "vN2 = vt+N2;\t\t\t#N2 formed per m**3 of fuel gas\n",
+    "veO2 = ve*0.21;\t\t\t#Volume of excess O2 per m**3 of fuel gas\n",
+    "vT = vCO2+vN2+veO2;\t\t\t#Total volume of dry combustion products\n",
+    "pCO2 = (vCO2*100)/vT;\t\t\t#Percentage volume of CO2\n",
+    "pN2 = (vN2*100)/vT;\t\t\t#Percentage volume of N2\n",
+    "pO2 = (veO2*100)/vT;\t\t\t#Percentage volume of O2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Results\n",
+    "print 'Volume of air required for complete combustion is %3.3f m**3)  \\\n",
+    "\\nVolume of CO2 per m**3 of gas fuel is %3.2f m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \\\n",
+    "\\nVolume of N2 per m**3 of gas fuel is %3.3f m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \\\n",
+    "\\nVolume of excess O2 per m**3 of gas fuel is %3.2f m**3/m**3 of gas fuel  \\\n",
+    "\\nTotal volume of dry combustion products is %3.3f m**3/m**3 of gas fuel \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage volume of CO2 is %3.1f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage volume of N2 is %3.2f percent  \\\n",
+    "\\nPercentage volume of O2 is %3.2f percent'%(v,vCO2,vN2,veO2,vT,pCO2,pN2,pO2)\n"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.6"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}