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| author | hardythe1 | 2015-01-28 14:31:21 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | hardythe1 | 2015-01-28 14:31:21 +0530 |
| commit | 53f72e6790ff23b43c8f6a0b69d6386940671429 (patch) | |
| tree | 7745af6dbf2f5b2972b23f9f5a7a19c695a27321 /TRANSPORT_PROCESSES_AND_UNIT_OPERATIONS/GeankoplisChapter13.ipynb | |
| parent | 7b78be04fe05bf240417e22f74b3fc22e7a77d19 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/TRANSPORT_PROCESSES_AND_UNIT_OPERATIONS/GeankoplisChapter13.ipynb b/TRANSPORT_PROCESSES_AND_UNIT_OPERATIONS/GeankoplisChapter13.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..9fee4217 --- /dev/null +++ b/TRANSPORT_PROCESSES_AND_UNIT_OPERATIONS/GeankoplisChapter13.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,625 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:986b48c61b98a83c6355e5fa469ece02cfaf500811fa7f186097ba3e31e4763e"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 13: Membrane Seperation Process"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.2-1, Page number 756"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Membrane Diffusion and Liquid Film Resistances\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "C1 = 3.e-2 #The concentration of solute A (mol.kg/m3)\n",
+ "L = 3.e-5 #Thickness of the membrane (m)\n",
+ "K = 1.5 #The distribution coefficient \n",
+ "Dab = 7.e-11 #The distribution coefficient \n",
+ "C2 = 0.5e-2 #Concentration on the other side (mol.kg/m3)\n",
+ "kc2 = 2.02e-5 #Mass transfer cofficient (m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#Part (a) is therotical\n",
+ " #Calculation for part (b)\n",
+ "#p_M = D_ab*K/L\n",
+ "pM = Dab*K/L\n",
+ "#N_a = (C_1 - C_2)/(1/p_M + 1/k_c2)\n",
+ "Na = (C1 - C2)/(1/pM + 1/kc2)\n",
+ " #To calculate C_2i \n",
+ "#N_a = k_c2*(C_2i - C_2)\n",
+ "#C_2i = N_a/k_c2 + C_2\n",
+ "C2i = Na/kc2 + C2\n",
+ "#K = C_2is/C_2i\n",
+ "#C_2is = K*C_2i\n",
+ "C2is = K*C2i\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print 'The flux at the interface membrane is %5.3e kg.mol/s.m2'%(Na)\n",
+ "print 'The concentration at the interface membrane is %5.3e kg.mol/m3'%(C2is)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The flux at the interface membrane is 7.458e-08 kg.mol/s.m2\n",
+ "The concentration at the interface membrane is 1.304e-02 kg.mol/m3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.2-2, Page number 758"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Dialysis to Remove Urea from Blood\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "kc1 = 1.25e-5 #Estimated blood side mass transfer cofficient (m/s)\n",
+ "kc2 = 3.33e-5 #Estimated aqueous side mass transfer cofficient (m/s)\n",
+ "pM = 8.73e-6 #Permeability of the membrane (m/s)\n",
+ "c1 = 200. #Concentration of urea in blood (g/m3)\n",
+ "c2 = 0. #Concentration of urea in dialyzing fluid (g/m3)\n",
+ "t = 3600. #Time given for blood removal (sec)\n",
+ "A = 2. #Area of membrane (m2)\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Na = (c1 - c2)/(1/kc1 + 1/pM + 1/kc2)\n",
+ "R = Na*t*A\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print 'The flux of urea through membrane %5.2e g/(m2.s)'%(Na) \n",
+ "print 'The rate of removal of urea from membrane is %5.3f g Urea/h'%(R)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The flux of urea through membrane 8.91e-04 g/(m2.s)\n",
+ "The rate of removal of urea from membrane is 6.412 Urea g/h\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.4-1, Page number 766"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Design of Membrane Unit for Complete Mixing\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "qf = 1.e4 #Feed flow rate (STP/s)\n",
+ "xf = 0.5 #Mole fraction of A in feed\n",
+ "x0 = 0.25 #The desired composition of the reject\n",
+ "t = 2.54e-3 #Thickness of membrane (cm)\n",
+ "ph = 80. #Pressure on feed side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "pl = 20. #Pressure on permeate side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "PA = 50e-10 #Permeability of A (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "PB = 5e-10 #Permeability of B (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "alpha = PA/PB\n",
+ "a = 1 - alpha\n",
+ "b = (ph/pl)*(1 - x0) - 1 + alpha*(ph/pl)*x0 + alpha\n",
+ "c = -alpha*x0*(ph/pl)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "yp = (-b + sqrt(b**2 - 4*a*c))/(2*a)\n",
+ " #x_0 = (x_f - theta*Y_p)/(1 - theta)\n",
+ "theta = (x0 - xf)/(x0- yp)\n",
+ "Am = theta*qf*yp/((PA/t)*(ph*x0-pl*yp))\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print 'The membrane area calculated is %5.3e cm2 or %5.3e m2'%(Am, Am/1e4),\"\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The membrane area calculated is 2.734e+08 cm2 or 2.734e+04 m2 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.4-2, Page number 767"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Membrane Design for Seperation of Air\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "qf = 1.e6 #Feed flow rate (STP/s)\n",
+ "t = 1.e-3 #Thickness of membrane (cm)\n",
+ "ph = 190. #Pressure on feed side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "p1 = 19. #Pressure on permeate side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "PA = 500e-10 #Permeability of A (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "xf = 0.209 #Mole fraction of A in feed\n",
+ "alpha = 10. #oxygen permeability divided by nitrogen permeability\n",
+ "theta = 0.2 #Fraction cut\n",
+ "t = 2.54e-3 #Thickness of membrane (cm)\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a1 = theta + p1/ph - (p1/ph)*theta - alpha*theta - alpha*(p1/ph) + alpha*theta*(p1/ph)\n",
+ "b1 = 1 - theta - xf - (p1/ph) + (p1/ph)*theta + alpha*theta + alpha*(p1/ph) - alpha*theta*(p1/ph) + alpha*xf\n",
+ "c1 = -alpha*xf\n",
+ "yp = (-b1 + sqrt(b1**2 - 4*a1*c1))/(2*a1)\n",
+ "x0 = (xf - theta*yp)/(1 - theta)\n",
+ "Am = theta*qf*yp/((PA/t)*(ph*x0 - p1*yp))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The permeate composition is \",round(yp,4)\n",
+ "print \"The reject composition is \",round(x0,4)\n",
+ "print 'The area of membrane is %5.3e cm2'%(Am)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The permeate composition is 0.5068\n",
+ "The reject composition is 0.1345\n",
+ "The area of membrane is 3.231e+08 cm2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.4-3, Page number 769"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Effect of Feed Composition on Minimum Reject Concentration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "qf = 1.e4 #Feed flow rate (STP/s)\n",
+ "xf = 0.5 #Mole fraction of A in feed\n",
+ "x0 = 0.25 #The desired composition of the reject\n",
+ "t = 2.54e-3 #Thickness of membrane (cm)\n",
+ "ph = 80. #Pressure on feed side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "pl = 20. #Pressure on permeate side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "PA = 50e-10 #Permeability of A (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "PB = 5e-10 #Permeability of B (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# for xf = 0.5\n",
+ "alpha = PA/PB\n",
+ "xoM =xf*(1+(alpha-1)*pl/ph*(1-xf))/(alpha*(1-xf)+xf)\n",
+ "print \"Reject Concentration for xf = 0.50:\",round(xoM,4)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# for xf = 0.65\n",
+ "xf = 0.65\n",
+ "alpha = PA/PB\n",
+ "xoM =xf*(1+(alpha-1)*pl/ph*(1-xf))/(alpha*(1-xf)+xf)\n",
+ "print \"Reject Concentration for xf = 0.65:\",round(xoM,4)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Reject Concentration for xf = 0.50: 0.1932\n",
+ "Reject Concentration for xf = 0.65: 0.28\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.5-1, Page number 771"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Design of Membrane Unit for Multicomponenet Mixture \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "qf = 1.e4 #Feed flow rate (STP/s)\n",
+ "xfA = 0.25 #Mole fraction of A in feed\n",
+ "xfB = 0.55 #Mole fraction of B in feed\n",
+ "xfC = 0.20 #Mole fraction of A in feed\n",
+ "x0 = 0.25 #The desired composition of the reject\n",
+ "t = 2.54e-3 #Thickness of membrane (cm)\n",
+ "ph = 300. #Pressure on feed side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "pl = 30. #Pressure on permeate side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "PA = 200e-10 #Permeability of A (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "PB = 50e-10 #Permeability of B (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "PC = 25e-10 #Permeability of C (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "theta = 0.25 #Fraction to be permeated\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "qp = theta*qf\n",
+ "ypA = 0.501\n",
+ "eR = 1.\n",
+ "while abs(eR) >= 0.000001:\n",
+ " Am = qp*ypA*t/(PA*(ph/(1-theta)*(xfA-theta*ypA)-pl*ypA))\n",
+ " ypB = ph*xfB/((1-theta)*(qp*t/(PB*Am)+theta*ph/(1-theta)+pl))\n",
+ " ypC = ph*xfC/((1-theta)*(qp*t/(PC*Am)+theta*ph/(1-theta)+pl))\n",
+ " syp = ypA + ypB + ypC \n",
+ " eR = 1.- syp\n",
+ " ypA = ypA + eR/3.4\n",
+ "ypA = ypA - eR/3.4\n",
+ "xoA = xfA/(1-theta)-theta*ypA/(1-theta)\n",
+ "xoB = xfB/(1-theta)-theta*ypB/(1-theta)\n",
+ "xoC = xfC/(1-theta)-theta*ypC/(1-theta)\n",
+ "sxo = xoA + xoB + xoC\n",
+ "print \"Permeate compositions are yoA, yoB, yoC\"\n",
+ "print round(ypA,4), round(ypB,4), round(ypC,4),\"respectively for A,B,C\"\n",
+ "print \"Reject compositions are xoA, xoB, xoC\"\n",
+ "print round(xoA,4), round(xoB,4), round(xoC,4),\"respectively for A,B,C\"\n",
+ "print 'Membrane area %10.4e'%(Am),\"cm2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Permeate compositions are yoA, yoB, yoC\n",
+ "0.4553 0.4503 0.0944 respectively for A,B,C\n",
+ "Reject compositions are xoA, xoB, xoC\n",
+ "0.1816 0.5832 0.2352 respectively for A,B,C\n",
+ "Membrane area 3.5418e+06 cm2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.6-1, Page number 775"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Design of Membrane Unit Using Cross Flow\n",
+ "import numpy as np\n",
+ "from scipy.interpolate import interp1d\n",
+ "from scipy.integrate import quad, simps\n",
+ "from scipy.optimize import root\n",
+ "from math import sqrt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "qf = 1.e6 #Feed flow rate (STP/s)\n",
+ "t = 1e-3 #Thickness of membrane (cm)\n",
+ "ph = 190. #Pressure on feed side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "pl = 19. #Pressure on permeate side (cm Hg)\n",
+ "PA = 500e-10 #Permeability of A (cm3(STP).cm/s.cm2.cmHg)\n",
+ "xf = 0.209 #Mole fraction of A in feed\n",
+ "alpha = 10. #oxygen permeability divided by nitrogen permeability\n",
+ "theta = 0.2 #Fraction cut\n",
+ "tk = 2.54e-3 #Thickness of membrane (cm)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x0 = np.array([0.1190,0.1420,0.1642,0.1870,0.2090])\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "np.set_printoptions(precision=3)\n",
+ "sorted(x0)\n",
+ "thetas = np.zeros((len(x0)))\n",
+ "u = np.zeros(len(x0))\n",
+ "iI = np.zeros(len(x0))\n",
+ "fi = np.zeros((len(x0)))\n",
+ "Fi = np.zeros((len(x0)))\n",
+ "yp = np.zeros((len(x0)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "iF = xf/(1.-xf)\n",
+ "D = 0.5*((1.-alpha)*pl/ph+alpha)\n",
+ "F = -0.5*((1.-alpha)*pl/ph-1.)\n",
+ "E = alpha/2.-D*F\n",
+ "R = 1./(2*D-1.)\n",
+ "S = (alpha*(D-1.)+F)/((2.*D-1.)*(alpha/2.-F))\n",
+ "T = 1./(1-D-E/F)\n",
+ "uf = -D*iF+sqrt(D**2*iF**2+2.*E*iF+F**2)\n",
+ "print ' thetas[j] x yp Fi '\n",
+ "\n",
+ "for j in range(len(x0)):\n",
+ " i = iI[j] = x[j]/(1.-x[j])\n",
+ " u = -D*i+sqrt((D*i)**2 + 2*E*i + F**2)\n",
+ " k1 = ((uf-E/D)/(u-E/D))**R\n",
+ " k2 = ((uf-alpha+F)/(u-alpha+F))**S\n",
+ " k3 = ((uf-F)/(u-F))**T\n",
+ " k0 = (1-xf)/(1-x[j])\n",
+ " thetas[j] = 1.- k0*k1*k2*k3\n",
+ " fi[j] = (D*i-F) + sqrt(D**2*i**2 + 2*E*i+F**2)\n",
+ " Fi[j] =(1-thetas[j])*(1-x0[j])/((fi[j]-i)*(1./(1.+ i)-(pl/ph)*(1./(1.+fi[j]))))\n",
+ " if thetas[j]==0.0:\n",
+ " f = lambda y: y/(1-y) - alpha*(x0[j]-pl*y/ph)/((1-x0[j])-pl*(1-y)/ph)\n",
+ " sol = root(f,0.6)\n",
+ " yp[j] = sol.x[0]\n",
+ " else:\n",
+ " yp[j] = (xf-x0[j]*(1.0-thetas[j]))/thetas[j]\n",
+ " print '%8.5f %8.5f %8.5f %8.5f '%(thetas[j], x0[j], yp[j],Fi[j])\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Fun = interp1d(iI,Fi)\n",
+ "I = quad(Fun,iI[0],iI[len(x0)-1])[0]\n",
+ "Am = tk*qf/(ph*PA/alpha)*I\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part A\n",
+ "print \"PART A\"\n",
+ "print 'Reject composition x0: %4.3f'%x0[0]\n",
+ "print 'Permeate composition yp: %4.3f'%yp[0]\n",
+ "print 'Total Membrane Area: %6.4e cm2'%(Am)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part B\n",
+ "print \"PART B\"\n",
+ "print 'For PART B of Example 13.4-2 The permeate composition was 0.5068 as compared to %4.3f for cross flow' %yp[len(x0)-1] \n",
+ "print 'For PART B of Example 13.4-2 The area of membrane was 3.2314e+08 cm2 as compared to %5.4e cm2 \\nfor cross flow'%(Am)\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " thetas[j] x0 yp Fi \n",
+ " 0.20008 0.11900 0.56881 1.15197 \n",
+ " 0.14813 0.14200 0.59429 0.96040 \n",
+ " 0.09910 0.16420 0.61629 0.82535 \n",
+ " 0.04892 0.18700 0.63675 0.71994 \n",
+ " 0.00000 0.20900 0.65483 0.64034 \n",
+ "Area under the curve is:0.1090"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "PART A\n",
+ "Reject composition x0: 0.119\n",
+ "Permeate composition yp: 0.569\n",
+ "Total Membrane Area: 2.9135e+08 cm2\n",
+ "PART B\n",
+ "For PART B of Example 13.4-2 The permeate composition was 0.5068 as compared to 0.655 for cross flow\n",
+ "For PART B of Example 13.4-2 The area of membrane was 3.2314e+08 cm2 as compared to 2.9135e+08 cm2 \n",
+ "for cross flow\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 97
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.9-1, Page number 784"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculation of Osmotic Pressure of Salt Solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "T = 298.5 #Temperature of solution (k)\n",
+ "Rho = 997. #Density of the solution (kg/m3)\n",
+ "m = 0.1 #Moles of NaCl present (g.mol)\n",
+ "R = 82.057e-3 #Gas constant \n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "n = (2*m)*1.e-3\n",
+ "Vm = 1/Rho\n",
+ "Pi = n*R*T/(Vm)\n",
+ "#Result \n",
+ "print \"The calculated osmotic pressure is \",round(Pi,2),\"atm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The calculated osmotic pressure is 4.88 atm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.9-2, Page number 786"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Experimental Determination of Membrane Permeability\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "R = 82.057e-3 #Gas constant \n",
+ "c1 = 10.0 #KgNaCl/m3 solution at inlet\n",
+ "c2 = 0.39 #Concentration of salt in outlet, KgNaCl/m3 solution\n",
+ "rho1 = 1004 #Density of inlet solution, Kg/m3\n",
+ "rho2 = 997.0 #Density of outlet solution, Kg/m3\n",
+ "delP = 54.42 #Pressure difference across membrane, atm\n",
+ "A = 2.0e-3 #Area of membrane, m2\n",
+ "V = 1.92e-8 #Flow rate of product, m3solution/s\n",
+ "MW = 58.45 #Molecular Wt of NaCl\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Nw = V*rho2/A\n",
+ "Ns = Nw*c2/rho2\n",
+ "C1 = c1*1000/((rho1-c1)*MW) #molNaCL/kgwater in inlet water\n",
+ "pi1 = 7.80 #from table 13.9-1 obtained by interpolation,atm\n",
+ "cw2 = rho2-c2 \n",
+ "C2 = c2*1000/((cw2)*MW) #molNaCL/kgwater in outgoing water \n",
+ "pi2 = 0.32 #from table 13.9-1 obtained by interpolation, atm\n",
+ "delpi = pi1-pi2\n",
+ "Aw = Nw/(delP-delpi)\n",
+ "As = Ns/(c1-c2)\n",
+ "R = (c1-c2)/c1\n",
+ "B = Aw/(As*cw2)\n",
+ "R = B*(delP-delpi)/(1+B*(delP-delpi))\n",
+ "#Result \n",
+ "print 'Solvent Permeability constant Aw =%6.4e kg solvent/(m2.s.atm)'%(Aw)\n",
+ "print 'Solute Permeability constant As=%6.4e m/s'%(As)\n",
+ "print \"Solute Rejection R=\", round(R,4)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Solvent Permeability constant 2.0390e-04 kg solvent/(m2.s.atm)\n",
+ "Solute Permeability constant 3.8959e-07 m/s\n",
+ "Solute Rejection 0.961\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 13.10-1, Page number 788"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Prediction of Performance in a Reverse-Osmosis Unit \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "c1 = 2.5 #Concentration of NaCl (kg NaCl/m3)\n",
+ "rho1 = 999. #Density of the solution (kg/m3)\n",
+ "Aw = 4.81e-4 #Permeability constant for water (kg/s.m2)\n",
+ "As = 4.42e-7 #Permeabilty constant for NaCl solute (kg/s.m2)\n",
+ "delP = 27.2 #Pressure drop across the membrane (atm)\n",
+ "c2 = 0.1 #Assumed Concentration of Product solution (kg NaCl/m3)\n",
+ "rho2 = 997. #Density of the product solution (kg/m3)\n",
+ "MW = 58.45 #Molecular weight of NaCl\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "cw2 = rho2\n",
+ "C1 = (c1*1000)/((rho1-c1)*MW) #molNaCL/kgwater in inlet water\n",
+ "pi1 = 1.97 #from table 13.9-1 obtained by interpolation,atm\n",
+ "C2 = c2*1000/((rho2-c2)*MW) #molNaCL/kgwater in outgoing water \n",
+ "pi2 = 0.08 #from table 13.9-1 obtained by interpolation, atm\n",
+ "delpi = pi1-pi2\n",
+ "Nw = Aw*(delP - delpi)\n",
+ "B = Aw/(As*cw2)\n",
+ "R = B*(delP - delpi)/(1. + B*(delP - delpi))\n",
+ "c2 = c1 - R*c1 \n",
+ "Ns = As*(c1-c2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result \n",
+ "print 'Water flux through membrane Nw= %6.4e kg Water/(m2.s)'%(Nw)\n",
+ "print 'Solute flux through membrane Ns=%6.4e kg NaCl/(m2.s)'%(Ns)\n",
+ "print 'Solute Rejection rate is R=%4.3f' %(R)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Water flux through membrane Nw= 1.2174e-02 kg Water/(m2.s)\n",
+ "Solute flux through membrane Ns=1.0664e-06 kg NaCl/(m2.s)\n",
+ "Solute Rejection rate is R=0.965\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ " "
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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