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| author | nice | 2014-08-27 16:12:51 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nice | 2014-08-27 16:12:51 +0530 |
| commit | f873023db6ddb02bba555fb650a4b4c90340f56a (patch) | |
| tree | b866cee9b099fe202c72538b5be2a099d0320a24 /Satellite_Communications | |
| parent | 728bf707ac994b2cf05a32d8985d5ea27536cf34 (diff) | |
| download | Python-Textbook-Companions-f873023db6ddb02bba555fb650a4b4c90340f56a.tar.gz Python-Textbook-Companions-f873023db6ddb02bba555fb650a4b4c90340f56a.tar.bz2 Python-Textbook-Companions-f873023db6ddb02bba555fb650a4b4c90340f56a.zip | |
adding book
Diffstat (limited to 'Satellite_Communications')
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_10.ipynb | 200 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_12.ipynb | 932 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_13.ipynb | 302 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_14.ipynb | 398 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_16.ipynb | 186 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_2.ipynb | 1002 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_3.ipynb | 268 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_4.ipynb | 124 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_5.ipynb | 83 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_6.ipynb | 271 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/Chapter_9.ipynb | 295 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/README.txt | 10 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/screenshots/arrayfactor.png | bin | 0 -> 50405 bytes | |||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/screenshots/polararray.png | bin | 0 -> 42925 bytes | |||
| -rwxr-xr-x | Satellite_Communications/screenshots/tita.png | bin | 0 -> 39617 bytes |
15 files changed, 4071 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_10.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..3886255a --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:e0d184d1729c611848b690830ee717bb5bc71942466a1adef15c51a942411c9c" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 10: Digital Signal" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.1, Page 272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "PR=0.01 #The Average power received(watts)\n", + "Tb=0.0001 #Bit period(seconds)\n", + "N0=10**-7 #Noise power(joule)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Eb=PR*Tb #Energy per bit received (joule)\n", + "x=math.sqrt(Eb/N0)\n", + "\n", + "from scipy import integrate\n", + "f=lambda t:math.exp(-t**2)\n", + "erf=integrate.quad(f,0,x)\n", + "erf1=erf[0]*(2/math.pi**0.5)\n", + "BER=(1-erf1)*(10**6)/2\n", + "BER=round(BER,2)\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Bit error rate is\", BER,\"*10^-6\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Bit error rate is 3.87 *10^-6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "EXample 10.2, Page 274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "Rb=61 #Transmission rate (Mb/s)\n", + "ENR=9.5 #Required Energy to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Rb=10*math.log10(61*10**6) #Converting Transmission rate to dB\n", + "CNR=Rb+ENR #Carrier to noise ratio\n", + "CNR=round(CNR,2)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"Required Carrier to noise ratio is\", CNR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Required Carrier to noise ratio is 87.35 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 10.3, Page 275" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "BER=10**-5 #Maximum allowable bit error rate\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "from pylab import*\n", + "%pylab inline\n", + "x=linspace(8,10,11) #Eb/N0 ratio represented by x\n", + "x1=x**0.5\n", + "for i in range(0,11):\n", + " x[i]=10*math.log10(x[i]) #Converting x into decibels\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "erf=linspace(0,0,11) #Initialization for erf function\n", + "Pe=linspace(0,0,11) #Initialization for Probablity of error\n", + "\n", + "from scipy import integrate\n", + "f=lambda t:math.exp(-t**2)\n", + "for i in range(0,10):\n", + " k=integrate.quad(f,0,x1[i])\n", + " erf[i]=k[0]*(2/math.pi**0.5) \n", + " Pe[i]=(1-erf[i])/2 #Probability of error\n", + "\n", + "y=linspace(9,9.59,5)\n", + "z=linspace(BER,BER,5)\n", + "a=linspace(9.59,9.59,5)\n", + "b=linspace(0,BER,5)\n", + "plot(x,Pe)\n", + "plot(y,z)\n", + "plot(a,b)\n", + "xlabel('xdB')\n", + "ylabel('Pe(x)')\n", + "show() \n", + "x=9.6 #The Eb/N0 ratio for Maximum BER(dB) from the graph\n", + "EbN0=x+2 #Eb/N0 ratio with implementation margin\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Eb/N0 ratio with allowable BER of 10^-5 and implementation margin of 2dB is\",EbN0,\"dB\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stderr", + "text": [ + "WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['linalg', 'draw_if_interactive', 'random', 'power', 'info', 'fft']\n", + "`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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+ "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x3733c90>" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Eb/N0 ratio with allowable BER of 10^-5 and implementation margin of 2dB is 11.6 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_12.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_12.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..17f2b0db --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_12.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,932 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:7a06e4236eec67757bd708fe8b0da2c40e097cf72b93ac25eb7d44065acbeff1" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 12: The Space Link" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.1, Page 306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "P=6 #Transmit power(Watts)\n", + "G=48.2 #Antenna Gain(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "EIRP=10*math.log10(P)+G #Equivalent isotropic radiated power(dB)\n", + "EIRP=round(EIRP)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"Hence the Equivalent isotropic radiated power is\",EIRP,\"dBW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hence the Equivalent isotropic radiated power is 56.0 dBW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.2, Page 306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "D=3 #Antenna size(m)\n", + "f=12 #Operating Frequency(GHz)\n", + "n=0.55 #Aperture efficiency\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "G=n*(10.472*f*D)**2 #Antenna Gain\n", + "G=10*math.log10(G) #Converting Antenna gain to dB\n", + "G=round(G,1)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Antenna gain with given parameters is\", G,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Antenna gain with given parameters is 48.9 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.3, Page 308" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "r=42000 #Range between ground station and satellite\n", + "f=6000 #Frequency(MHz)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "FSL=32.4+20*math.log10(r)+20*math.log10(f) #Free space loss(dB)\n", + "FSL=round(FSL,1)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The free space loss at given frequency is\", FSL, \"dB\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The free space loss at given frequency is 200.4 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.4, Page 311" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "FSL=207 #Free space loss(dB)\n", + "RFL=1.5 #receiver feeder loss(dB)\n", + "AA=0.5 #Atmospheric Absorption loss(dB)\n", + "AML=0.5 #Antenna Alignment loss(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "LOSSES=FSL+RFL+AA+AML #Total link loss (dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The total link loss is\", LOSSES,\"dB\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The total link loss is 209.5 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.5, Page 312" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "TAn=35 # Antenna Noise Temperature(Kelvin)\n", + "TRn=100 # Receiver Noise Temperature(Kelvin)\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 #Boltzman constant(joules)\n", + "B=36*10**6 #Bandwidth\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "N0=(TAn+TRn)*k #noise power density(10**-21 joules)\n", + "PN=N0*B/10**-12 #Noise power for given bandwidth(picoWatts)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The noise Power density is\", N0,\"Joules\"\n", + "print \"The noise power for given bandwidth is\",PN,\"pW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The noise Power density is 1.863e-21 Joules\n", + "The noise power for given bandwidth is 0.067068 pW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.6, Page 317" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "TRn=12 #Receiver Noise figure(dB)\n", + "G=40 #Gain of LNA(dB)\n", + "T0=120 #Noise temperature(Kelvin)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "F=10**(TRn/float(10)) #Converting noise power to ratio\n", + "Te=(F-1)*290 #Noise Temperature of the amplifier\n", + "G=10**(G/10) #Converting Gain of LNA to ratio\n", + "Tn=T0+Te/G #Overall Noise Temperature(Kelvin)\n", + "Tn=round(Tn,2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The overall noise temperature is\", Tn, \"Kelvin\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The overall noise temperature is 120.43 Kelvin\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.7, Page 319" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Tant=35 #Antenna noise temperature(kelvin)\n", + "Te1=150 #Receiver noise temperature(kelvin)\n", + "L=5 #Cable Loss (dB)\n", + "T0=290 \n", + "G1=10**5 #LNA Gain\n", + "F=12 #Receiver Noise figure(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "L=10**(L/float(10)) #Converting L into ratio\n", + "F=10**(F/float(10)) #Converting F into ratio\n", + "Ts=Tant+Te1+(L-1)*T0/G1+L*(F-1)*T0/G1 #Noise Temperature referred to the input(Kelvin)\n", + "Ts=round(Ts)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The noise temperature referred to the input is\",Ts,\"Kelvin\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The noise temperature referred to the input is 185.0 Kelvin\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.8, Page 320" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Tant=35 #Antenna noise temperature(kelvin)\n", + "Te1=150 #Receiver noise temperature(kelvin)\n", + "L=5 #Cable Loss (dB)\n", + "T0=290 \n", + "G1=10**5 #LNA Gain\n", + "F=12 #Receiver Noise figure(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "L=10**(L/float(10)) #Converting L into ratio\n", + "F=10**(F/float(10)) #Converting F into ratio\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Ts=Tant+(L-1)*T0+L*Te1+L*(F-1)*T0/G1 #Noise Temperature referred to the input(Kelvin)\n", + "Ts=round(Ts)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The noise temperature referred to the input is\",Ts,\"Kelvin\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The noise temperature referred to the input is 1137.0 Kelvin\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.9, Page 322" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "FSL=206 #Free space loss(dB)\n", + "APL=1 #Antenna Pointing loss(dB)\n", + "AAL=2 #Atmospheric Absorption loss(dB)\n", + "RFL=1 #Receiver feeder loss(dB)\n", + "EIRP=48 #Equivalent isotropically radiated power(dBW)\n", + "f=12 #Frequency(GHz)\n", + "GTR=19.5 #G/T ratio(dB/K)\n", + "k=-228.60 #Value of k(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "LOSSES=FSL+APL+AAL+RFL #Total loss(dB)\n", + "CNR=EIRP+GTR-LOSSES-k #Carrier to noise ratio(dBHz)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The carrier to noise ratio is\",CNR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The carrier to noise ratio is 86.1 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.10, Page 324" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "f=14 #Frequency(GHz)\n", + "Ps=-120 #Flux density required to saturate the transponder(dBW/m2)\n", + "LOSSES=2 #Propogation Losses(dB)\n", + "FSL=207 #Free-space loss(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "A0=-21.45-20*math.log10(f) #Effective antenna aperture(dB)\n", + "EIRP=Ps+A0+LOSSES+FSL #Equivalent isotropically radiated power(dB)\n", + "EIRP=round(EIRP,2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The earth station EIRP required for saturation is\",EIRP,\"dBW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The earth station EIRP required for saturation is 44.63 dBW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.11, Page 325" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Ps=-91.4 #saturation flux density(dBW/m2)\n", + "f=14 #uplink frequency(GHz)\n", + "GTR=-6.7 #G/T (dB/k)\n", + "BO=11 #Input Back off(dB)\n", + "k=-228.6 #Value of k(dB)\n", + "RFL=0.6 #receiver feeder loss\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "A0=-21.5-20*math.log10(f) #Effective antenna aperture(dB)\n", + "A0=round(A0,1)\n", + "CNR=Ps+A0-BO+GTR-k-RFL #carrier to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print A0\n", + "print \"The carrier to noise ratio is\",CNR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "-44.4\n", + "The carrier to noise ratio is 74.5 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.12, Page 326" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "B=36 #Transponder Bandwidth(MHz)\n", + "CNR=22 #Carrier to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "LOSSES=200 #Total transmission losses(dB)\n", + "GTR=31 #Earth station G/T (dB/K)\n", + "k=-228.6 #Value of k(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "B=10*math.log10(B*10**6) #Converting Bandwidth to dB\n", + "EIRP=CNR-GTR+LOSSES+k+B #Equivalent isotropically radiated power(dB)\n", + "EIRP=round(EIRP)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"Satellite EIRP required is\",EIRP,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Satellite EIRP required is 38.0 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.13, Page 327" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "B=36*10**6 #Transponder Bandwidth(Hz)\n", + "R=0.2 #Roll off factor \n", + "GTR=31 #Earth station G/T(dB/K)\n", + "LOSSES=200 #Total transmission losses(dB)\n", + "k=-228.6 #Value of k(dB)\n", + "BER=10**-5 #Value of Bit error rate\n", + "EbN0R=9.6 #Value of Eb/N0 from fig.10.17\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Rb=2*B/(1+R) #Bit rate(sec^-1)\n", + "Rb=10*math.log10(Rb) #Converting Rb into decibels\n", + "CNR=EbN0R+Rb #Carrier to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "EIRP=CNR-GTR+LOSSES+k #Equivalent Isotropically radiated power(dBW)\n", + "Rb=round(Rb,1)\n", + "EIRP=round(EIRP,1)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"Bit rate that can be accommodated is\",Rb,\"dB\"\n", + "print \"The EIRP required is\",EIRP,\"dBW\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Bit rate that can be accommodated is 77.8 dB\n", + "The EIRP required is 27.8 dBW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.14, Page 328" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "EIRP=25 #Satellite saturation value(dBW)\n", + "BO=6 #Output Backoff loss(dB)\n", + "FSL=196 #Free space loss(dB)\n", + "DL=1.5 #Downlink losses(dB)\n", + "GTR=41 #Earth station G/T(dB/K)\n", + "k=-228.6 #Value of k(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "CNR=EIRP-BO+GTR-FSL-DL-k #Carrier to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Carrier to noise density ratio at the earth station is\",CNR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Carrier to noise density ratio at the earth station is 91.1 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.15, Page 329" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "EIRP=56 #Equivalent Isotropically radiated power(dBW)\n", + "BO=6 #Output Backoff(dB)\n", + "TFL=2 #Transmitter feeder loss(dB)\n", + "GT=50 #Antenna gain(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "PTWTA=EIRP-GT+TFL #Power output of TWTA(dBW)\n", + "PTWTAS=PTWTA+BO #Saturated power output of TWTA(dBW)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"Power output of the TWTA required for full saturated EIRP is\",PTWTAS,\"dBW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power output of the TWTA required for full saturated EIRP is 14 dBW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.16, Page 332" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "alpha=1.9 #Rain attenuation(dB)\n", + "CNR=20 #Downlink carrier to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "Tn=400 #Effective Noise temperature(Kelvin)\n", + "Ta=280 #Reference temperature(Kelvin)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "alpha1=10**(alpha/10) #Converting alpha to ratio\n", + "Trn=Ta*(1-1/alpha1) #Equivalent noise temperature of rain(kelvin)\n", + "Trn=round(Trn,1)\n", + "Ts=Tn+Trn #New system noise temperature\n", + "delp=10*math.log10(Ts/Tn) #Decibel increase in noise power\n", + "CNRN=CNR-delp-alpha #Value below which CNR falls(dB)\n", + "CNRN=round(CNRN,2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The value below which C/N falls for 0.1 percent of time is\",CNRN,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The value below which C/N falls for 0.1 percent of time is 17.14 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.17, Page 333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "CNR=17.4 #Clear sky input C/N (dB)\n", + "T=10 #Threshold level for FM etector(dB)\n", + "Ta=272 #Value of Ta(Kelvin)\n", + "Tscs=544 #Value of Tscs(Kelvin)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "TM=CNR-T #Threshold margin at FM detector(dB)\n", + "CNR=10**(CNR/10) #Converting CNR to ratio\n", + "NCR=1/float(CNR)\n", + "\n", + "import scipy\n", + "import scipy.optimize\n", + "def f(A):\n", + " y=0.1-NCR*(A+(A-1)*Ta/Tscs)\n", + " return y\n", + "A=scipy.optimize.fsolve(f,2)\n", + "\n", + "A=10*math.log10(A) #Converting A into decibels\n", + "A=round(A)\n", + "\n", + "# Getting the value of probablity of exceeding A from the curve\n", + "\n", + "if (A==6):\n", + " P=2.5*10**-4 \n", + "else:\n", + " print \"error\"\n", + "\n", + "Av=100*(1-P) #Availability(percentage)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The time system stays above threshold is\",Av,\"percentage\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The time system stays above threshold is 99.975 percentage\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.18, Page 336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Nu=100 #Noise spectral density for uplink(dBHz)\n", + "Nd=87 #Noise spectral density for downlink(dBHz)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "N0CR=10**(-Nu/10)+10**(-Nd/10) #Noise to carrier ratio\n", + "CNR=-10*math.log10(N0CR) #Combined c/N0 ratio(dBHz)\n", + "CNR=round(CNR,2)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The combined carrier to noise ratio is\",CNR,\"dBHz\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The combined carrier to noise ratio is 89.59 dBHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.19, Page 337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "#For uplink\n", + "\n", + "Ps=-67.5 #Saturation flux density(dB)\n", + "A0=-37 #Antenna aperture at 6GHz(dB)\n", + "IBO=-11 #Input Backoff(dB)\n", + "GTRs=-11.6 #Satellite saturation G/T (dB)\n", + "k=-228.6 #Value of k(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#For Downlink\n", + "\n", + "EIRP=26.6 #Satellite EIRP(dB)\n", + "OBO=-6 #output Backoff(dB)\n", + "FSL=-196.7 #Free Space loss(dB)\n", + "GTRe=40.7 #Earth station G/T(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "CNRu=Ps+A0+IBO+GTRs-k #Carrier to noise ratio for uplink(dB)\n", + "CNRd=EIRP+OBO+FSL+GTRe-k#Carrier to noise ratio for downlink(dB)\n", + "N0CR=10**(-CNRu/10)+10**(-CNRd/10) #Noise to carrier ratio\n", + "CNR=-10*math.log10(N0CR) #Combined c/N0 ratio(dBHz)\n", + "CNR=round(CNR,2)\n", + "#results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Carrier to noise ratio for uplink is\",CNRu,\"dB\"\n", + "print \"The Carrier to noise ratio for downlink is\",CNRd,\"dB\"\n", + "print \"The combined carrier to noise ratio is\",CNR,\"dBHz\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Carrier to noise ratio for uplink is 101.5 dB\n", + "The Carrier to noise ratio for downlink is 93.2 dB\n", + "The combined carrier to noise ratio is 92.6 dBHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 12.20, Page 338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "CNRu=23 #carrier to noise ratio for uplink(dB)\n", + "CNRd=20 #carrier to noise ratio for downlink(dB)\n", + "CNRm=24 #carrier to noise ratio for intermodulation(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "NCR=10**(-CNRu/float(10))+10**(-CNRd/float(10))+10**(-CNRm/float(10)) #Combined Noise to carrier ratio\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "CNR=-10*math.log10(NCR) #Combined carrier to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "CNR=round(CNR,2)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The combined carrier to noise ratio is\",CNR,\"dB\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The combined carrier to noise ratio is 17.21 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_13.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_13.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..7a2ded04 --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_13.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:15f18d4eac7b181ba51c6696eba06fa436baa89f07a517b2b2096748a0e3b407" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 13: Interference" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 13.1, Page 350" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "EIRP1=34 #desired carrier EIRP from satellite(dB)\n", + "G1=44 # ground station receiving antenna gain(dB)\n", + "G2=24.47 #Gain in desired direction(dB)\n", + "EIRP2=34 #EIRP by interfering satellite(dB)\n", + "PD=4 #Polarization discrimination(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "CIR=EIRP1-EIRP2+G1-G2+PD #Carrier to Interference ratio(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Carrier to interfernce ratio at the ground receiving antenna is\",CIR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Carrier to interfernce ratio at the ground receiving antenna is 23.53 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 13.2, Page 350" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Decalration\n", + "\n", + "PA=24 #Transmit power by station A(dBW)\n", + "G1=54 #Antenna Gain(dB)\n", + "PC=30 #Transmit power by station C(dBW)\n", + "G2=24.47#off-axis gain in the S1 direction(dB)\n", + "PD=4 #Polarization discrimination(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "CIR=PA-PC+G1-G2+PD #Carrier to Interference ratio(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Carrier to interfernce ratio on uplink is\",CIR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Carrier to interfernce ratio on uplink is 27.53 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 13.3, Page 351" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "CIR1=27.53 #Carrier to interference ratio from Example 13.1(dB)\n", + "CIR2=23.53 #Carrier to interference ratio from Example 13.2(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "ICRu=10**(-CIR1/10) #Interferece to carrier ratio for uplink\n", + "ICRd=10**(-CIR2/10) #Interferece to carrier ratio for downlink\n", + "\n", + "ICRant=ICRu+ICRd #Overall Interferece to carrier ratio\n", + "CIRant=-10*math.log10(ICRant)#Overall Carrier to interference ratio (dB)\n", + "CIRant=round(CIRant,2)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The overall carrier to interference ratio is\",CIRant,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The overall carrier to interference ratio is 22.07 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 13.4, Page 352" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "SSi=4 #Initial satellite spacing(degrees)\n", + "SSl=2 #Later Satellite spacing(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "IIR=(29-25*math.log10(SSl))-(29-25*math.log10(SSi)) #Increase in Interference(dB)\n", + "IIR=round(IIR,1)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The degradation in downlink C/I is\",IIR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The degradation in downlink C/I is 7.5 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 13.5, Page 356" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "f=4.2 #modualating frequency(MHz)\n", + "m=2.571 #Modulation index\n", + "QIF1=4.2 #Quality Impairment factor(a)\n", + "QIF2=4.5 #Quality Impairment factor(b)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Dv=2*m*f #Peak to peak deviation(MHz)\n", + "\n", + "PR1=12.5-20*math.log10(Dv/12)-QIF1+1.1*QIF1**2 #Protection ratio for case(a)\n", + "PR1=round(PR1,1)\n", + "PR2=12.5-20*math.log10(Dv/12)-QIF2+1.1*QIF2**2 #Protection ratio for case(b)\n", + "PR2=round(PR2,1)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The protection ratio for quality impairment factor of 4.2 is\",PR1,\"dB\"\n", + "\n", + "print \"The protection ratio for quality impairment factor of 4.5 is\",PR2,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The protection ratio for quality impairment factor of 4.2 is 22.6 dB\n", + "The protection ratio for quality impairment factor of 4.5 is 25.2 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 13.6, Page 363" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Decalration\n", + "LU=200 #Uplink propogation loss(dB)\n", + "LD=196 #Downlink propogation loss(dB)\n", + "GE=25 #Receiving gain of earth station(dB)\n", + "GE1=25 #Transmit gain of E1 in the direction of S(dB)\n", + "GS=9 #receive gain of S in the direction of E1(dB)\n", + "GS1=9 #Transmit gain of satellite S1 in the direction of E(dB)\n", + "GTE=48 #Transmit gain of E(dB)\n", + "GRE=48 #Receive gain of E(dB)\n", + "GRS=19 #Receive gain of S(dB)\n", + "GTS=19 #Transmit gain of S(dB)\n", + "US=-60 #Maximum power spectral density(dBJ)\n", + "US1=1 #Maximum power spectral density(uJ)\n", + "UE1=10 #Maximum power spectral density transmitted by earth station(uJ)\n", + "UE=-50 #Maximum power spectral density transmitted by earth station(dBJ)\n", + "k=-228.6\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "URS=UE+GTE+GRS-LU#Received power spectral density at satellite S(dB)\n", + "URE=US+GTS+GRE-LD#Received power spectral density at satellite E(dB)\n", + "y=URE-URS #Transmission gain for network R(dB)\n", + "\n", + "I1=US+GS1+GE-LD #Interference received by earth station(dB)\n", + "I2=UE+GE1+GS-LU #Uplink Interference(dB)\n", + "\n", + "delTE=I1-k #Earth station receiver input(dBK)\n", + "delTE=10**(delTE/float(10)) #Earth station receiver input(K)\n", + "delTS=I2-k #Noise temperature at satellite receiver input(dBK)\n", + "\n", + "delTSE=y+delTS #Noise Temperature rise(dBKelvin)\n", + "delTSE=10**(delTSE/10) #Noise Temperature rise(Kelvin)\n", + "delT=delTSE+delTE #Equivalent noise temperature rise\n", + "delT=round(delT,2)\n", + "\n", + "print URE,URS\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The transmission gain is\",y,\"dB\"\n", + "print \"The interference levels I1 an I2 are\",I1,I2,\"dBJ respectively\"\n", + "print \"The equivalent temperature rise overall is\",delT,\"Kelvin\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "-189 -183\n", + "The transmission gain is -6 dB\n", + "The interference levels I1 an I2 are -222 -216 dBJ respectively\n", + "The equivalent temperature rise overall is 9.14 Kelvin\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_14.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_14.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..1688a7bb --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_14.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:d9b4ccf4f2a187fd084eba547fc42fa3dd2f9e48328d5cbf1ac129f9eacc40d0" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 14: Satellite Access" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.1, Page 381" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Btr=36 #Transponder Bandwidth(MHz)\n", + "B=3 #Carrier Bandwidth(MHz)\n", + "EIRP=27 #saturated EIRP(dBW)\n", + "BO=6 #Back off loss(dB)\n", + "LOSSES=196 #Combined losses(dB)\n", + "GTR=30 #Earth station G/T ratio(dB)\n", + "k=228.6 #Value of k(dB)\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Btr1=10*math.log10(Btr*10**6) #Converting transponder Bandwidth into decibels\n", + "B1=10*math.log10(B*10**6) #Converting carrier Bandwidth into decibels\n", + "\n", + "CNR=EIRP+GTR-LOSSES+k-Btr1 #Carrier to noise ratio for single carrier operation(dB)\n", + "CNR=round(CNR)\n", + "alpha=-BO\n", + "K=alpha+Btr1-B1 #Fraction of Bandwidth actually occupied(dB)\n", + "K=10**(K/10) #Converting decibels to ratio\n", + "K=round(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The downlink carrier to noise ratio is\",CNR,\"dB\"\n", + "print \"Fraction of Bandwidth actually occupied is\",K\n", + "print \"No. of carriers that would be accommodated without backoff is\",Btr/B\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The downlink carrier to noise ratio is 14.0 dB\n", + "Fraction of Bandwidth actually occupied is 3.0\n", + "No. of carriers that would be accommodated without backoff is 12\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.2, Page 396" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable decalration\n", + "\n", + "N=40 #No.of bits\n", + "E=5 #Maximum number of errors allowed\n", + "p=10**-3 #Average probability of error in transmission\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Pmiss=0\n", + "for i in range(E+1,N):\n", + " Pmiss=Pmiss+(math.factorial(N)/float((math.factorial(i)*math.factorial(N-i))))*(p**i)*((1-p)**(N-i))\n", + "\n", + "Pmiss=Pmiss*10**12\n", + "Pmiss=round(Pmiss,1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The probability of miss is\",Pmiss,\"*10^-12\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The probability of miss is 3.7 *10^-12\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.3, Page 397" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable decalration\n", + "\n", + "N=40 #No.of bits\n", + "E=5 #Maximum number of errors allowed\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Pfalse=0\n", + "for i in range(0,E+1):\n", + " Pfalse=Pfalse+(math.factorial(N)*2**-N)/float((math.factorial(i)*math.factorial(N-i)))\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Pfalse=Pfalse*10**7\n", + "Pfalse=round(Pfalse,1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The probability of miss is\",Pfalse,\"*10^-7\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The probability of miss is 6.9 *10^-7\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.4, Page 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable ecalration\n", + "Lf=120832 #Total frame length\n", + "Tb=14 #Traffic burts per frame\n", + "Rb=2 #Reference bursts per frame\n", + "T=103 #Guard interval(symbols)\n", + "P=280 #Preamble Symbols\n", + "R=P+8 #Reference channel symbols with addition of CDC\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "OH=2*(T+R)+Tb*(T+P) #Overhead Symbols\n", + "\n", + "nF=1-(OH/float(Lf)) #Frame Efficiency\n", + "nF=round(nF,3)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"Hence the frame efficiency of INTELSAT frame is\",nF" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hence the frame efficiency of INTELSAT frame is 0.949\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.5, Page 400" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Lf=120832 #Number of symbols per frame\n", + "Tf=2 #Frame period(ms)\n", + "nF=0.949 #INTELSAT fram efficiency from Example 14.4\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Rs=(Lf/float(Tf))*10**-3 #Symbol rate(megasymbol/s)\n", + "Rt=Rs*2 #Transmission Rate\n", + "n=nF*Rt*10**3/64 #Voice channel capacity\n", + "n=round(n)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \" The voice channel capacity for the INTELSAT frame is\",n,\"Channels\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " The voice channel capacity for the INTELSAT frame is 1792.0 Channels\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.6, Page 408" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "CNR=87.3 #Downlink Carrier to noise ratio(dBHz)\n", + "BER=10**-5 #Bit Error Rate Required\n", + "R=0.2 #Roll off factor\n", + "EbN0R=9.5 #Eb/N0 ratio(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Rb=CNR-EbN0R #Maximum Transmission Rate(dBb/s)\n", + "Rb1=10**(Rb/10) #Maximum Transmission Rate(b/s)\n", + "BIF=Rb1*1.2*10**-6/2 #IF Bandwith required\n", + "BIF=round(BIF,2)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Maximum Transmission rate is\",Rb,\"dBb/s\"\n", + "print \"The IF bandwidth required is\",BIF,\"MHz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Maximum Transmission rate is 77.8 dBb/s\n", + "The IF bandwidth required is 36.15 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.7, Page 410" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "T1=1.544 #Bit rate from sec.10.4(Mb/s)\n", + "R=62 #Bit rate from sec.10.4(dBMb/s)\n", + "EbN0R=12 #Required Eb/N0 ratio for uplink(dB)\n", + "LOSSES=212 #Transmission losses of uplink(dB)\n", + "GTR=10 #G/T ratio for earth station(dB/K)\n", + "G1=46 #Uplink antenna gain(dB)\n", + "Rd=74 #Downlink Transmission Rate(dBb/s)\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "CNR=EbN0R+R #Carrier to noise ratio for uplink(dB)\n", + "EIRP=CNR-GTR+LOSSES-228.6 #EIRP of earth station antenna\n", + "P=EIRP-G1 #Transmitted Power Required(dBW)\n", + "P=10**(P/float(10)) #Transmitted Power Required(Watts)\n", + "P=round(P,2)\n", + "\n", + "Ri=Rd-R #Rate increase with TDMA operation(dB)\n", + "P1=1.4+Ri #Uplink power increase required for TDMA operation(Watts)\n", + "P2=10**(P1/float(10))\n", + "P2=round(P2,1)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"Earth station transmission power required for transmission of T1 baseband signal is\",P,\"Watts\"\n", + "\n", + "print \"Uplink power increase required for TDMA operation is\",P1,\"dBWatts or\",P2,\"Watts\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Earth station transmission power required for transmission of T1 baseband signal is 1.38 Watts\n", + "Uplink power increase required for TDMA operation is 13.4 dBWatts or 21.9 Watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 14.8, Page 429" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "BIF=36 #Bandwidth of channel over which carriers are spread(MHz)\n", + "R=0.4 #Rolloff factor for filtering\n", + "Rb=64 #Information bit rate(kb/s)\n", + "BER=10**-5 #Bit error rate required\n", + "EbN0R=9.6 #Eb/N0 ratio for BER given from Fig.10.18\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Rch=BIF*10**6/(1+R) #Rate of unspreaded signal(chips/s)\n", + "Gp=Rch/(Rb*10**3) #Processing gain\n", + "Gp1=round(10*math.log10(Gp)) #Processing gain(dB)\n", + "EbN0R1=10**(EbN0R/float(10)) #Converting Eb/N0 into ratio\n", + "K=1+(1.4*Gp/EbN0R1) #Number of channels\n", + "K=math.floor(K)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The Processing Gain is\",Gp1,\"dB\"\n", + "print \"An estimate of maximum number of channels that can access the system is\",K\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Processing Gain is 26.0 dB\n", + "An estimate of maximum number of channels that can access the system is 62.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_16.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_16.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..8a1e81ed --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_16.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:4b08bbb242b14bb2e9d6b297d6c2efe9724a5525d0e315485c89f280e01ac4b8" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 16: Direct Broadcast Satellite Services" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.1, Page 474" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Varaible Declaration\n", + "\n", + "EIRP=55 #EIRP for satellite(dBW)\n", + "fD=12.5 #Downlink frequency(GHz)\n", + "Pss=-101 #Receiving at ground station direction(degrees west)\n", + "Rb=40*10**6 #Transmission Rate(Hz)\n", + "D=18 #Diameter of antenna(inches)\n", + "n=0.55 #Efficiency of antenna\n", + "Tant=70 #Antenna noise(Kelvin)\n", + "Teq=100 #Equivalent noise temperature at LNA(Kelvin)\n", + "R=6371 #Radius of earth(Km)\n", + "L=2 #Transmission losses(dB)\n", + "aGSO=42164 #Circumference of earth(km)\n", + "k=-228.6 #Boltzmann's constant (dB)\n", + "PE=-90 #Longitude of Earth station(degrees west)\n", + "LE=45 #Latitude of Earth station(degrees north)\n", + "f=14 #Frequency(GHz)\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "B=PE-Pss\n", + "b=math.acos(math.cos(B*3.142/180)*math.cos(LE*3.142/180))\n", + "b=b*180/3.142\n", + "A=math.asin(math.sin(abs(B)*3.142/180)/math.sin(b*3.142/180))\n", + "A=A*180/3.142\n", + "Az=180+A #Azimuth angle of antenna(degrees)\n", + "d=(R**2+aGSO**2-2*R*aGSO*math.cos(b*3.142/180))**0.5 #Range of antenna(km)\n", + "El=math.acos(aGSO*math.sin(b*3.142/180)/d) #Elevation angle of antenna(radians)\n", + "El=El*180/3.142 #Elevation angle of antenna(degrees)\n", + "Az=round(Az,1)\n", + "El=round(El)\n", + "d=round(d)\n", + "FSL=32.4+20*math.log10(d)+20*math.log10(f*10**3) #Free space loss(dB)\n", + "LOSSES=FSL+L #Total Transmission Losses\n", + "Ts=Teq+Tant #Total system noise temperature(Kelvin)\n", + "T=10*math.log10(Ts) #Total system noise temperature(dBK)\n", + "G=n*(3.192*f*(D/float(12)))**2\n", + "G=10*math.log10(G) #Antenna Gain(dB)\n", + "GTR=G-T #G/T ratio(dB)\n", + "CNR=EIRP+GTR-LOSSES-k #Carrier to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "Rb=10*math.log10(Rb) #Transmission Rate(dBHz)\n", + "EbN0R=CNR-Rb #Eb/N0 ratio at IRD(dB)\n", + "EbN0R=round(EbN0R,1)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Azimuth angle of antenna is\",Az,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"The Elevaation Angle of Antenna is\",El,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"The Range of Antenna is\",d,\"km\"\n", + "print \"The Eb/N0 ratio at IRD is\",EbN0R,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Azimuth angle of antenna is 195.4 degrees\n", + "The Elevaation Angle of Antenna is 37.0 degrees\n", + "The Range of Antenna is 38020.0 km\n", + "The Eb/N0 ratio at IRD is 10.3 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 16.2, Page 480" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Varaible Declaration\n", + "\n", + "R01=42 #Rainfall at earth station(mm/hr)\n", + "p=0.01 #Percentage of time for which rain exceeds\n", + "LE=45 #Latitue of earth station(degrees)\n", + "hR=3.5 #Rain Height(km)\n", + "h0=0 #Mean Sea level(km)\n", + "Ta=272 #\n", + "El=37 #Elevation angle of the antenna(degrees)\n", + "Ts=170 #Total system noise temperature(Kelvin)\n", + "NCR=2.3*10**-9 #Carrier to noise ratio\n", + "fD=12.5 #Frequency of operation(GHz)\n", + "f12=12 #Frequency 12GHz(GHz)\n", + "f15=15 #Frequency 15GHz(GHz)\n", + "#Coefficients for horizontal and vertical polarizations at 12GHz and 15GHz as given in Table 4.2\n", + "\n", + "ah12=0.0188\n", + "av12=0.0168\n", + "bh12=1.217\n", + "bv12=1.2\n", + " \n", + "ah15=0.0367\n", + "av15=0.0335\n", + "bh15=1.154\n", + "bv15=1.128\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Using Interpolation to find coefficients at 12.5 GHz\n", + "\n", + "ah=round(ah12+(ah15-ah12)*(fD-f12)/(f15-f12),3)\n", + "bh=round(bh12+(bh15-bh12)*(fD-f12)/(f15-f12),3)\n", + "av=round(av12+(av15-av12)*(fD-f12)/(f15-f12),3)\n", + "bv=round(bv12+(bv15-bv12)*(fD-f12)/(f15-f12),3)\n", + "\n", + "#Coefficients for circular polarization\n", + "\n", + "ac=(ah+av)/2\n", + "ac=round(ac,3)\n", + "bc=(ah*bh+av*bv)/(2*ac)\n", + "bc=round(bc,3)\n", + "Ls1=(hR-h0)/math.sin(El*3.142/180) #Slant Path Length(km)\n", + "Ls=round(Ls1,1) #Slant Path Length(km)\n", + "LG=round(Ls*math.cos(El*3.142/180),1) #Horizontal projection of slant path length(km)\n", + "r011=90/(90+4*LG) #Reduction Factor\n", + "r01=round(r011,1) #Reduction Factor\n", + "L=round(Ls1*r01,1) #Effective path length(km)\n", + "alpha=round(ac*R01**bc,3) #Specific attenuation(dB/km)\n", + "A=round(10**(alpha*L/float(10)),1) #Total Attenuation(dB)\n", + "Trn=Ta*(1-1/A) #noise temperature with effect of rain\n", + "Tscs=Ts\n", + "NCrain=NCR*(A+(A-1)*Ta/Tscs) #Noise to carrier ratio due to rain\n", + "CNrain=-10*math.log10(NCrain)#Noise to carrier ratio due to rain(dB)\n", + "Rb=10*math.log10(40*10**6) #Transmission rate(dB)\n", + "EbN0rain=round(CNrain-Rb,1) #Upper limit of Eb/N0 ratio in prescence of rain(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"Hence the upper limit for Eb/N0 for given conditions is\",EbN0rain,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Hence the upper limit for Eb/N0 for given conditions is -2.1 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_2.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_2.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b62cd703 --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1002 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:9c5b783b7af2e7759af05c065786293bfda0657b22d7595e2418aaa43901e7b0" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 2: Orbits and Launching Methods" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.1, Page 23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "u=3.986*(10**14) #Earth's Gravitational constant(m^3/sec^2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "n=(2*3.14)/(24*60*60) #Mean Motion(rad/sec)\n", + "a=((u/n**2)**(0.33333))/1000 #Radius of the orbit by kepler's 3rd law(km)\n", + "a=round(a,2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Radius of the circular orbit with 1 day period is:\", a,\"km\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Radius of the circular orbit with 1 day period is: 42247.94 km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.2, Page 29" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "NN=14.22296917 #Mean Motion (1/day)\n", + "u=3.986005*(10**14) #Earth's Gravitational COnstant(m^3/sec^2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "n0=(NN*2*3.142)/(24*60*60) #Mean Motion(rad/sec)\n", + "a=((u/n0**2)**(0.33333))/1000 #Radius of the orbit by kepler's 3rd law(km)\n", + "a=round(a,2)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Semimajor axis for given satellite parameters is:\", a,\"km\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Semimajor axis for given satellite parameters is: 7193.97 km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.3, Page 29" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "R=6371 #Mean Earth's radius(km)\n", + "e=0.0011501 #Eccentricity\n", + "a=7192.3 #Semimajor axis(km)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "ra=a*(1+e) #Radius Vector at apogee(km)\n", + "rp=a*(1-e) #Radius Vector at perigee(km)\n", + "ha=round(ra-R,2) #Apogee height(km)\n", + "hp=round(rp-R,2) #Perigee height(km)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Apogee height for given orbital parameters is:\", ha,\"km\"\n", + "print \"The Apogee height for given orbital parameters is:\", hp,\"km\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Apogee height for given orbital parameters is: 829.57 km\n", + "The Apogee height for given orbital parameters is: 813.03 km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.4, Page 31" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "aE=6378.141 #Earth's equitorial radius(km)\n", + "e=0.002 #Eccentricity\n", + "p=12 #period from perigee to perigee (hours)\n", + "K1=66063.1704 #Constant (km^2)\n", + "u=3.986005*(10**14) #Earth's Gravitational constant(m^3/sec^2)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "n=(2*math.pi)/(12*60*60) #Mean Motion(rad/sec)\n", + "anp=((u/n**2)**(0.3333))/1000 #Radius of the orbit by kepler's 3rd law(km)\n", + "k2=(1-e**2)**1.5\n", + "# Solving for perturbed value of semimajor axis\n", + "import scipy\n", + "import scipy.optimize\n", + "def f(a):\n", + " y=(n-((u/a**3)**0.5)*(1+K1/a**2*k2))\n", + " return y\n", + "a=scipy.optimize.fsolve(f,2)\n", + "a=a/1000 #Converting a into km\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The nonperturbed value of semimajor axis is\", anp,\"km\"\n", + "print \"The perturbed value of semimajor axis is\", a,\"km\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The nonperturbed value of semimajor axis is 26564.7679852 km\n", + "The perturbed value of semimajor axis is [ 26610.22410209] km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.5, Page 34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "i=98.6328 #Angle(degrees)\n", + "e=0.0011501 #eccentricity\n", + "n=14.23304826 #Mean Motion(1/day)\n", + "a=7192.3 #Semimajor axis(km)\n", + "K1=66063.1704 #Known constant(km^2)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "n0=(2*180*n) #Mean Motion (deg/sec)\n", + "K=(n0*K1)/((a**2)*((1-e**2)**2)) #Constant (deg/day)\n", + "w=-K*math.cos(i*3.142/180) #Rate of regression of nodes(deg/day)\n", + "W=K*(2-2.5*(math.sin(i*3.142/180))**2) #Rate of rotation of line of apsides(deg/day)\n", + "w=round(w,3)\n", + "W=round(W,3)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The rate of regression of nodes is:\", w,\"deg/day\"\n", + "print \"The rate of rotation of line of apsides is:\", W,\"deg/day\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The rate of regression of nodes is: 0.984 deg/day\n", + "The rate of rotation of line of apsides is: -2.902 deg/day\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.6, Page 34" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "w=0.982 #rate of regression of nodes from Example 2.5(deg/day)\n", + "W=-2.903 #rate of rotation of line of apsides from Example 2.5)deg/day)\n", + "n=14.23304826 #Mean Motion(1/day)\n", + "W0=113.5534 #Argument of perigee(deg)\n", + "w0=251.5324 #Right ascension of the ascending node(deg)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "PA=1/n #Period \n", + "w=round(w0+w*PA,2) #New value of rate of regression of nodes(deg)\n", + "W=round(W0+W*PA,2) #New Value of rate of rotation of line of apsides(deg)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"New value of rate of regression of nodes is:\", w,\"deg\"\n", + "print \"New value of rate of rotation of line of apsides is:\", W,\"deg\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "New value of rate of regression of nodes is: 251.6 deg\n", + "New value of rate of rotation of line of apsides is: 113.35 deg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.7, Page 38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "ndays=400*365 #Nominal number of days in 400years\n", + "nleapyrs=400/4 #Nominal number of leap years\n", + "gregoriandays=ndays+nleapyrs-3 #number of days in 400 years of Gregorian calendar\n", + "gregavg=round(gregoriandays/float(400),2) #number of days in 400 years of Gregorian calendar\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print gregoriandays\n", + "print \"The average length of the civil year in gregorian calender is:\", gregavg,\"days\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "146097\n", + "The average length of the civil year in gregorian calender is: 365.24 days\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.8, Page 38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Calculation and Results\n", + "\n", + "if 1987%4==0:\n", + " print \"1987 is a leap year\"\n", + "else:\n", + " print \"1987 is not a leap year\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "if 1988%4==0:\n", + " print \"1988 is a leap year\"\n", + "else:\n", + " print \"1988 is not a leap year\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "if 2000%400==0:\n", + " print \"2000 is a leap year\"\n", + "else:\n", + " print \"2000 is not a leap year\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "if 2100%400==0:\n", + " print \"2100 is a leap year\"\n", + "else:\n", + " print \"2100 is not a leap year\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1987 is not a leap year\n", + "1988 is a leap year\n", + "2000 is a leap year\n", + "2100 is not a leap year\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.9, Page 38" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Calculation\n", + "days=324 #Number of days\n", + "hours=math.floor(24*0.95616765) # Number of hours\n", + "decimalfraction1=24*0.95616765-hours\n", + "minutes=math.floor(60*decimalfraction1) # Number of minutes\n", + "decimalfraction2=60*decimalfraction1-minutes\n", + "seconds=round(60*decimalfraction2,2) # Number of seconds\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print decimalfraction1,decimalfraction2\n", + "print \"An Epoch day has\", days,\"days\",hours,\"hours\",minutes,\"minutes\",seconds,\"seconds\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.9480236 0.881416\n", + "An Epoch day has 324 days 22.0 hours 56.0 minutes 52.88 seconds\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.10, Page 39" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "y=2000 #year\n", + "mon=12 #month\n", + "dy=18 #day\n", + "hours=13 #hours of the day\n", + "minutes=0 #Minutes of the day\n", + "seconds=0 #Seconds of the day\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "d=dy+(hours/24)+(minutes/(24*60))+seconds #Days in December \n", + "if mon<=2:\n", + " y=y-1\n", + " mon=mon+12\n", + "else:\n", + " y=y\n", + " mon=mon\n", + "\n", + "A=math.floor(y/100) #Converting years to days\n", + "B=2-A+math.floor(A/4) #Converting years to days\n", + "C=math.floor(365.25*y) #rounding the days \n", + "D=math.floor(30.6001*(mon+1)) #Converting months to days\n", + "JD=B+C+D+d+1720994.5 #Adding reeference to number of days\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Julian day of given day is:\", JD,\"Days\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Julian day of given day is: 2451896.5 Days\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.11, Page 41" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "JDref=2415020 #Reference Julian days\n", + "JC=36525\n", + "JD=2451897.0417 #Julian days with reference from Example 2.10\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "T=round((JD-JDref)/JC,4) #Time in julian Centuries\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The time for given date is:\", T,\"Julian Centuries\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The time for given date is: 1.0096 Julian Centuries\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.12, Page 43" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "n=14.23304826 #Mean Motion (rev/day)\n", + "M0=246.6853 #Mean Anomaly (degrees)\n", + "t0=223.79688452 #Time of anomaly\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "T=round(t0-(M0/(n*360)),3) #Time of perigee passage\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print \"The time of perigee passage for NASA elements is:\", T,\"days\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The time of perigee passage for NASA elements is: 223.749 days\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.13, Page 44" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "M=205 #Mean anomaly(degrees)\n", + "e=0.0025 #Eccentricity\n", + "E=math.pi #Initial guess value for eccentric anomaly\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "import scipy\n", + "import scipy.optimize\n", + "def f(E):\n", + " y=M-E+e*math.sin(E)\n", + " return y\n", + "E=scipy.optimize.fsolve(f,3.142)\n", + "E=round(E,3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Eccentric anomaly is:\",E,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Eccentric anomaly is: 204.998 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.14, Page 45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "n=14.2171401*2*math.pi/86400 #Mean motion (rad/sec)\n", + "M=204.9779+0.001*180*5/math.pi #Mean anomaly(rad)\n", + "e=9.5981*10**-3 #Eccentricity\n", + "a=7194.9 #Semimajor axis(km)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "v=(M*math.pi/180)+2*e*math.sin(M*math.pi/180)+(5*e**2*math.sin(2*M*math.pi)/(4*180)) #True Anomaly (radians)\n", + "v=v*180/math.pi #True anomaly(degrees)\n", + "r=a*(1-e**2)/(1+e*math.cos(v)) #Magnitude of radius vector after 5s(km)\n", + "v=round(v,2)\n", + "r=round(r,2)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The true anomaly is:\",v,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"The magnitude of radius vector 5s after epoch is:\",r,\"km\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The true anomaly is: 204.79 degrees\n", + "The magnitude of radius vector 5s after epoch is: 7252.02 km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.15, Page 46" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "v=204.81 #True anomaly(degrees) from Example 2.14\n", + "r=7257 #Magnitude of radius vector(km) from Example 2.14\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "rP=r*math.cos(v*math.pi/180) #P coordinate of radius vector(km)\n", + "rQ=r*math.sin(v*math.pi/180) #Q coordinate of radius vector(km)\n", + "rP=round(rP,2)\n", + "rQ=round(rQ,2)\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"r in the perifocal coordinate system is\", rP,\"Pkm\", rQ,\"Qkm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "r in the perifocal coordinate system is -6587.21 Pkm -3045.11 Qkm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Exanple 2.17, Page 50" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "T=1.009638376 #Time in Julian centuries from Example 2.11\n", + "UT=13 #Universal time(hours)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "GST=(99.6910+36000.7689*T+0.004*T**2)*3.142/180 #GST(radians)\n", + "UT=2*math.pi*UT/24 #Universal time converted to fraction of earth rotation (radians)\n", + "\n", + "GST=GST+UT \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "GST=(math.fmod(GST,2*math.pi))*180/math.pi#using fmod multiplr revolutions are removed (degrees)\n", + "GST=round(GST,2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The GST for given date and time is \", GST,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The GST for given date and time is 287.18 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.18, Page 51" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declararion\n", + "\n", + "WL=-89.26 #Expressing the longitude in degrees west\n", + "GST=282.449 #GST from Example 2.17 (degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "EL=2*math.pi+WL #Longitude in degrees East \n", + "LST=(GST+EL)*math.pi/180 #LST(radians)\n", + "LST=(math.fmod(LST,2*math.pi))*180/math.pi #fmod removes multiple revolutions(Degrees)\n", + "LST=round(LST,2)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"LST for Thunder Bay on given day is:\" ,LST,\"Degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "LST for Thunder Bay on given day is: 199.47 Degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.19, Page 52" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "LST=167.475 #LST(degrees)\n", + "LE=48.42 #Latitude at thunder bay(degrees)\n", + "H=200 #Height above sea level(metres)\n", + "aE=6378.1414 #Semimajor axis(km)\n", + "eE=0.08182 #Eccentricity\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "l=(aE/math.sqrt(1-eE**2*math.sin(LE*3.142/180)**2)+H/1000)*math.cos(LE*3.142/180) \n", + "\n", + "z=((aE*(1-eE**2))/math.sqrt(1-eE**2*math.sin(LE*3.142/180)**2)+H/1000)*math.sin(LE*3.142/180) \n", + "\n", + "RI=round(l*math.cos(LST*3.142/180),2) #I component of radius vector at thunder bay(km)\n", + "\n", + "RJ=round(l*math.sin(LST*3.142/180),2) #J component of radius vector at thunder bay(km)\n", + "\n", + "RK=round(z,2) #Z component of radius vector at thunder bay(km)\n", + "\n", + "R=math.sqrt(RI**2+RJ**2+RK**2)\n", + "R=round(R,2)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Radius vector components are\" ,RI,\"ikm+\",RJ,\"jkm+\",RK,\"kkm\"\n", + "print \"The Magnitude of radius component is\" ,R,\"km\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Radius vector components are -4139.81 ikm+ 918.02 jkm+ 4748.46 kkm\n", + "The Magnitude of radius component is 6366.21 km\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.20, Page 55" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "PI=-1280 #I component of range vector for a satellite(km)\n", + "PJ=-1278 #J component of range vector for a satellite(km)\n", + "PK=66 #K component of range vector for a satellite(km)\n", + "GST=240 #GST(degrees)\n", + "LE=48.42 #Latitude(Degrees)\n", + "PE=-89.26 #Longitude(Degrees)\n", + "H=200 #Height above mean sea level(metres)\n", + "aE=6378.1414 #Semimajor axis(km)\n", + "eE=0.08182 #Eccentricity\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "l=(aE/math.sqrt(1-eE**2*math.sin(LE*3.142/180)**2)+H/1000)*math.cos(LE*3.142/180) \n", + "\n", + "z=((aE*(1-eE**2))/math.sqrt(1-eE**2*math.sin(LE*3.142/180)**2)+H/1000)*math.sin(LE*3.142/180) \n", + "\n", + "SE=(math.atan(z/l))*180/3.142 #Geocentric latitude angle (degrees)\n", + "LST=240+PE\n", + "\n", + "from numpy import matrix\n", + "from numpy import linalg\n", + "a=math.sin(SE*3.142/180)*math.cos(LST*3.142/180)\n", + "b=math.sin(SE*3.142/180)*math.sin(LST*3.142/180)\n", + "c=-math.cos(SE*3.142/180)\n", + "d=-math.sin(LST*3.142/180)\n", + "e=math.cos(LST*3.142/180)\n", + "f=0\n", + "g=math.cos(SE*3.142/180)*math.cos(LST*3.142/180)\n", + "h=math.cos(SE*3.142/180)*math.sin(LST*3.142/180)\n", + "i=math.sin(SE*3.142/180)\n", + "\n", + "D = matrix( [[a,b,c],[d,e,f],[g,h,i]]) \n", + "\n", + "P=matrix( [[PI],[PJ],[PK]] )\n", + "\n", + "R=D*P #Components of range of earth station\n", + "Ro=math.sqrt(R[0,0]**2+R[1,0]**2+R[2,0]**2) #Magnitude of range of earth station(km)\n", + "Ro=round(Ro,2) \n", + "El=math.asin(R[2,0]/Ro) #Antenna elevation angle for the earth station(radians) \n", + "El=round(El*180/3.142,2) #Converting El to degrees\n", + "alpha=(math.atan(R[1,0]/R[2,0]))*180/3.142\n", + "if (R[0,0]<0 and R[1,0]>0):\n", + " Aza=alpha\n", + "else:\n", + " Aza=0\n", + "if (R[0,0]>0 and R[1,0]>0):\n", + " Azb=180-alpha\n", + "else:\n", + " Azb=0\n", + "if (R[0,0]>0 and R[1,0]<0):\n", + " Azc=180+alpha\n", + "else:\n", + " Azc=0\n", + "if (R[0,0]<0 and R[1,0]<0):\n", + " Azd=360-alpha\n", + "else:\n", + " Azd=0\n", + "Az=round(Aza+Azb+Azc+Azd,2) #Azimuth angle (degrees)\n", + "\n", + "print \"The magnitude of range of earth station is\" ,Ro,\"km\"\n", + "print \"The antenna elevation angle for the earth station are\",El,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"The Azimuth angle for the earth station is\",Az,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The magnitude of range of earth station is 1809.98 km\n", + "The antenna elevation angle for the earth station are 12.03 degrees\n", + "The Azimuth angle for the earth station is 102.24 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 2.21, Page 58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "rI=-4685.3 #I component of radius vector from Example 2.16(km)\n", + "rJ=5047.7 #J component of radius vector from Example 2.16(km)\n", + "rK=-3289.1 #K component of radius vector from Example 2.16(km)\n", + "aE=6378.1414 #Semimajor axis (km)\n", + "eE=0.08182 #Eccentricity\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "r=math.sqrt(rI**2+rJ**2+rK**2)\n", + "a=math.pi #Guess value for LST(radians)\n", + "b=math.atan(rK/rI) #Guess Value for latitude(radians)\n", + "c=r-aE #Guess value for height(km)\n", + "\n", + "from scipy.optimize import fsolve\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "def equations(p):\n", + " L,h,LST = p\n", + " return (rI-((aE/math.sqrt(1-eE**2*math.sin(L)**2))+h)*math.cos(L)*math.cos(LST),rJ-((aE/math.sqrt(1-eE**2*math.sin(L)**2))+h)*math.cos(L)*math.sin(LST),rK-((aE*(1-eE**2)/math.sqrt(1-eE**2*math.sin(L)**2))+h)*math.sin(L))\n", + "\n", + "L,h,LST = fsolve(equations, (b,c,a))\n", + "L=round(L*180/3.142,2) #Converting L into degrees\n", + "h=round(h)\n", + "LST=round(LST*180/3.142,1) #Converting LST into degrees\n", + "\n", + "print \"The latitude of subsatellite is\",L,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"The height of subsatellite is\",h,\"km\"\n", + "print \"The LST of subsatellite is\",LST,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The latitude of subsatellite is -25.65 degrees\n", + "The height of subsatellite is 1258.0 km\n", + "The LST of subsatellite is 132.9 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_3.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_3.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..0f386934 --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,268 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:cf5342643c702b9d8304367e59517c8b40b2c0d171b088582d18b96d8620a619" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 3: The Geostationary Orbit" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.1, Page 71" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Pss=-90 #Location of geostationary satellite(degrees)\n", + "PE=-100 #Longitude of the earth station antenna(degrees)\n", + "LE=35 #Latitude of the earth station antenna(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "B=PE-Pss #Angle between planes containing a and c(degrees)\n", + "b=math.acos(math.cos(B)*math.cos(LE)) #Angle of plane containing b(radians)\n", + "A=math.asin(math.sin(abs(B*3.142/180))/math.sin(b)) #Angle between planes containing b and c (radians)\n", + "\n", + "A=A*180/3.142 #Converting A into degrees\n", + "#LE>0 and B<0 by observation\n", + "Az=round(180-A,2) #Azimuth angle(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print \"The azimuth angle for the given earth station antenna is\", Az,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The azimuth angle for the given earth station antenna is 164.55 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.2, Page 73" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "R=6371 #Radius of earth (km)\n", + "aGSO= 42164 #Circumference of earth(km)\n", + "b=0.632 #values of b from Example 3.1 (radians)\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "d=math.sqrt(R**2+aGSO**2-2*R*aGSO*math.cos(b)) #Range of earth station antenna (km)\n", + "El=math.acos(aGSO*math.sin(b)/d)*180/math.pi #Elevation angle(degrees)\n", + "d=round(d)\n", + "El=round(El)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The range of earth station antenna is\", d,\"km\"\n", + "print \"Elevation angle is\", El,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The range of earth station antenna is 37214.0 km\n", + "Elevation angle is 48.0 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.3, Page 77" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "LE=49 #Latitude of earth station(degrees)\n", + "aGSO=42164 #Circumference of earth(km)\n", + "R=6371 #Radius of earth(km)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "d=(R**2+aGSO**2-2*R*aGSO*math.cos(LE*3.142/180))**0.5 #Range of earth station antenna\n", + "\n", + "El0=math.acos(aGSO*math.sin(LE*3.142/180)/d) #Elevation angle(radians)\n", + "\n", + "El0=El0*180/3.142 #Converting El0 to degrees\n", + "\n", + "delta=round(90-El0-LE) #Angle of tilt required for polar mount\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Angle of tilt required for polar mount is\", delta,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Angle of tilt required for polar mount is 7.0 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.4, Page 78" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "LE=48.42 #Latitude of earth station(degrees)\n", + "PE=-89.26 #Longitute of earth station(degrees)\n", + "Elmin=5 #Minimum angle of elevation(degrees)\n", + "aGSO=42164 #Circumference of earth(km)\n", + "R=6371 #Radius of earth(km)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "Smin=90+Elmin\n", + "S=math.asin(R*math.sin(Smin*3.142/180)/aGSO)*180/math.pi #Angle subtended at the satellite(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "b=180-Smin-S #Angle of plane containing b(degrees)\n", + "B=math.acos(math.cos(b*3.142/180)/math.cos(LE*3.142/180))*180/math.pi#Angle between the planes containing a and c(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The satellite limit east of the earth station is at\", round(PE+B),\"Degrees approximately\"\n", + "print \"The satellite limit west of the earth station is at\", round(PE-B),\"Degrees approximately\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The satellite limit east of the earth station is at -20.0 Degrees approximately\n", + "The satellite limit west of the earth station is at -158.0 Degrees approximately\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.5, Page 80" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "y=2000 #year\n", + "d=223.153 #day\n", + "n=1.002716 #mean motion(1/day)\n", + "w=272.5299 #rate of regression of nodes(degrees)\n", + "e=0.000352 #Eccentricity\n", + "W=247.9161 #Rate of regression of line of apsides(degrees)\n", + "M=158.0516 #Mean Anomaly at given time\n", + "JD00=2451543.5 #Julian days for Jan 0.0 2000\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "JD=JD00+d #Julian days for given day\n", + "JDref=2415020 #Reference Julian days\n", + "JC=36525\n", + "T=round((JD-JDref)/JC,4) #Time in julian Centuries\n", + "UT=d-223 #Universal Time, fraction of the day\n", + "GST=(99.6910+36000.7689*T+0.004*T**2)*3.142/180 #GST(radians)\n", + "UT=2*math.pi*UT #Universal time converted to fraction of earth rotation (radians)\n", + "\n", + "GST=(GST+UT)*180/3.1421\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "GST=(math.fmod(GST,360))#using fmod multiplr revolutions are removed (degrees)\n", + "GST=round(GST,3)\n", + "v=M+2*e*M #True Anomaly(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "Pssmean=W+w+M-GST #longitude for INTELSAT(degrees)\n", + "Pssmean=math.fmod(Pssmean,360) #fmod removes multiple revolutions\n", + "Pss=w+W+v-GST#longitude for INTELSAT(degrees)\n", + "Pss=math.fmod(Pss,360)#fmod removes multiple revolutions\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "print \"The longitude of INTELSAT 805 is\", round(Pss,3),\"Degrees\"\n", + "print \"The average longitude of INTELSAT 805 is\", round(Pssmean,3),\"Degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The longitude of INTELSAT 805 is 304.625 Degrees\n", + "The average longitude of INTELSAT 805 is 304.514 Degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_4.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_4.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..7f767a84 --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:3889f080e541059ccdb3a0ca28e3a8926a614c5d9e6ab3f2de315570240fb716" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 4: Radio Wave Propagation" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.1, Page 97" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "El=50 #Elevation Angle(degrees)\n", + "h0=0.6 #Earth station altitude(km)\n", + "hr=3 #Rain height(km)\n", + "R01=10 #Point Rain Rate(mm/hr)\n", + "f=12 #frequency(GHz)\n", + "ah=0.0188\n", + "bh=1.217\n", + "av=0.0168\n", + "bv=1.2\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Ls=(hr-h0)/math.sin(El*3.142/180) #Slant path length(km)\n", + "LG=Ls*math.cos(El*3.142/180) #Horizontal projection(km)\n", + "r01=90/(90+4*LG) #Reduction factor\n", + "L=Ls*r01 #Effective path length(km)\n", + "alphah=ah*R01**bh #Specific Attenuation\n", + "AdBh=round(alphah*L,2)#Rain Attenuation for horizontal polarization\n", + "alphav=av*R01**bv #Specific Attenuation\n", + "AdBv=round(alphav*L,2)#Rain Attenuation for vertical polarization\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print\"Rain Attenuation for given conditions and horizontal polarization is\",AdBh,\"dB\"\n", + "print\"Rain Attenuation for given conditions and vertical polarization is\",AdBv,\"dB\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Rain Attenuation for given conditions and horizontal polarization is 0.89 dB\n", + "Rain Attenuation for given conditions and vertical polarization is 0.77 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.2, Page 99" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "ah=0.0188\n", + "bh=1.217\n", + "av=0.0168\n", + "bv=1.2\n", + "R01=10 #Point Rain Rate(mm/hr)\n", + "L=2.8753812 #Effective path length calculated in Example 4.1(km)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "#Factors depending on frequency and polarization\n", + "ac=(ah+av)/2 #a for circular polarization\n", + "bc=(ah*bh+av*bv)/(2*ac) #b for circular polarization\n", + "\n", + "alpha=ac*R01**bc #Specific Attenuation(dB)\n", + "AdB=round(alpha*L,2) #Rain Attenuation(dB)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Rain Attenuation for circular polarization is\",AdB,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Rain Attenuation for circular polarization is 0.83 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_5.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_5.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..aeb7af0d --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:7a8d496ef0b6af4e2ff18bbc317ae6cd0dcf6c23c6e6b55a17cef7eadf262706" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 5: Polarization" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.1, Page 112" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declararion\n", + "\n", + "L=18 #Latitude of earth station(degrees)\n", + "PE=-73 #Longitude of earth station(degrees)\n", + "Pss=-105 #Satellite location(degrees)\n", + "aGSO=42164 #Circumference of earth (km)\n", + "R=6371 #Radius of earth(km)\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "B=PE-Pss #Angle between the planes containing a and c (degrees)\n", + "Rx=R*math.cos(L*3.142/180)*math.cos(B*3.142/180) #Geocentric-equitorial coordinate(km)\n", + "Ry=R*math.cos(L*3.142/180)*math.sin(B*3.142/180) #Geocentric-equitorial coordinate(km)\n", + "Rz=R*math.sin(L*3.142/180) #Geocentric-equitorial coordinate(km)\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "r=np.array([Rx,Ry,Rz]) #Coordinates for local gravity direction\n", + "k=np.array([Rx-aGSO,Ry,Rz])#geocentric-equitorial coordinates for propagation direction\n", + "e=np.array([0,0,1]) # #geocentric-equitorial coordinates for polarization vector\n", + "\n", + "f=np.cross(k,r) #Direction of normal to reference plane\n", + "modf=(f[0]**2+f[1]**2+f[2]**2)**0.5\n", + "g=np.cross(k,e)# Direction of normal to plane contaning e and k\n", + "h=np.cross(g,k) #Direction of polarization of the plane \n", + "modh=(h[0]**2+h[1]**2+h[2]**2)**0.5\n", + "p=(h/modh)\n", + "p[0]=round(p[0],3)\n", + "p[1]=round(p[1],3)\n", + "p[2]=round(p[2],3)\n", + "E=round(math.asin(np.dot(p,f)/modf)*180/3.142,2)\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Angle of polarization at given location is\",E,\"degrees\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Angle of polarization at given location is -58.67 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_6.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_6.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..cafbce7e --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:d4f3edf7b06c27dae9c3606668732bde107181b7fbb92b919da02c632b969fc0" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 6: Antennas" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.1, Page 137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from pylab import *\n", + "%pylab inline\n", + "#Variable Decalration\n", + "a=3\n", + "b=2\n", + "dB=1\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#Initializations\n", + "tita=arange(-90,92,2)\n", + "tita[45]=1\n", + "tita1=arange(-90,92,2)\n", + "Y=linspace(0,0,91)\n", + "E=linspace(0,0,91)\n", + "gE=linspace(0,0,91)\n", + "GE=linspace(0,0,91)\n", + "X=linspace(0,0,91)\n", + "E1=linspace(0,0,91)\n", + "gH=linspace(0,0,91)\n", + "GH=linspace(0,0,91)\n", + "for i in range(0,size(Y)-1):\n", + " Y[i]=math.pi*b*math.sin(tita[i]*3.142/180)\n", + " X[i]=math.pi*a*math.sin(tita[i]*3.142/180)\n", + " E[i]=(math.sin(Y[i]))/Y[i] \n", + " E1[i]=math.cos(tita1[i]*3.142/180)*(math.sin(X[i]))/X[i]\n", + " gE[i]=(E[i])**2 #Raiation pattern in E-Plane\n", + " gH[i]=E1[i]**2 #Raiation pattern in H-Plane\n", + " GE[i]=10*math.log10(gE[i]) #Raiation pattern in E-Plane(dB)\n", + " GH[i]=10*math.log10(gH[i]) #Raiation pattern in H-Plane(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "figure(0)\n", + "plot(tita,GE) #Plotting E-Plane radiation pattern\n", + "ylim([-30,0])\n", + "xlim([-90,90])\n", + "xlabel('tita degrees')\n", + "ylabel('GE(tita)')\n", + "figure(1)\n", + "plot(tita1,GH) #Plotting H-Plane radiation pattern\n", + "ylim([-30,0])\n", + "xlim([-90,90])\n", + "xlabel('tita degrees')\n", + "ylabel('GH(tita)')\n", + "show()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stderr", + "text": [ + "WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['linalg', 'draw_if_interactive', 'random', 'power', 'info', 'fft']\n", + "`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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K9IWWkGQwe/ZseHt7w9vbG9HR0bhe4zJkxYoV8Pb2hp+fH3bbQ09XPTZsAKKi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\nQUREBPz8/Op87Ny5EwCwbNk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vf9VxntOnw5Il8Ne/wvDhsGoV/OEPNZ+S5++kMvBT33wDd98NL7wA991X/rbX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\nVUFYlc2mPuj5QqtIT5sIzWQ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+ "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x331be90>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.2, Page 159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from pylab import *\n", + "%pylab inline\n", + "#Varable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "N=5 #Number of elements of dipole\n", + "s=0.25 #Space between dipole elements(wavelengths)\n", + "phi0=0#Angle between array factor and array(degrees)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "alpha=-2*3.142*s*math.cos(phi0) #Current phase(radians)\n", + "phi=arange(-180,182,2)\n", + "Si=linspace(0,0,181)\n", + "for k in range(0,180):\n", + " Si[k]=alpha+2*3.142*s*math.cos(phi[k]*3.142/180)\n", + "AFR=linspace(0,0,181)\n", + "AFI=linspace(0,0,181)\n", + "for i in range(0,180):\n", + " for j in range(0,N-1):\n", + " AFR[i]=AFR[i]+math.cos(j*Si[i]) #Real part of Array factor\n", + " AFI[i]=AFI[i]+math.sin(j*Si[i])#Imaginary part of Array factor\n", + "\n", + "teta=linspace(-3.142,3.142,181)\n", + "AF=linspace(0,0,181)\n", + "for k in range(0,180):\n", + " AF[k]=AF[k]+(AFR[k]**2+AFI[k]**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "polar(teta,AF)\n", + "title('Polar plot of Array Factor')\n", + "show()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stderr", + "text": [ + "WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['power', 'draw_if_interactive', 'random', 'fft', 'linalg', 'info']\n", + "`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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cMZA2mlEoFHTo0CGT5lJhheM4Wr58ObNzOj2d6P33iRwciN59l+jMGVUDUheW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\nZSUnq8dHYcmQ9cGDBzrjOF999ZVOaodt27bpbJrbsWOHzr6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+rbnetxbDwpGRQaSnp5Od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\nmAgICPCCICYCAgK8IIiJgIAAL/wfoh506YJzEZ8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n", + "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x35cfc10>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.3, Page 160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from pylab import *\n", + "%pylab inline\n", + "#Varable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "N=5 #Number of elements of dipole\n", + "s=0.25 #Space between dipole elements(wavelengths)\n", + "phi0=90*math.pi/180 #Angle between array factor and array(radians)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "alpha=-2*math.pi*s*math.cos(phi0) #Current phase(radians)\n", + "phi=arange(-180,185,5)\n", + "Si=linspace(0,0,73)\n", + "for k in range(0,73):\n", + " Si[k]=alpha+2*math.pi*s*math.cos(phi[k]*math.pi/180)\n", + "\n", + "AFR=linspace(0,0,73)\n", + "AFI=linspace(0,0,73)\n", + "\n", + "for i in range(0,73):\n", + " for j in range(0,N):\n", + " AFR[i]=AFR[i]+math.cos(j*Si[i]) #Real part of Array factor\n", + " AFI[i]=AFI[i]+math.sin(j*Si[i])#Imaginary part of Array factor\n", + "\n", + "teta=phi*math.pi/180\n", + "AF=linspace(0,0,73)\n", + "for k in range(0,73):\n", + " AF[k]=AF[k]+(AFR[k]**2+AFI[k]**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "polar(teta,AF)\n", + "title('Polar plot of Array Factor')\n", + "show()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stderr", + "text": [ + "WARNING: pylab import has clobbered these variables: ['power', 'draw_if_interactive', 'random', 'fft', 'linalg', 'info']\n", + "`%pylab --no-import-all` prevents importing * from pylab and numpy\n" + ] + }, + { + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data", + "png": 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GQSMjIwQFBXGik8fj4c8//8S9e/fwyy+/cCJTlzQYZ3Lx4kWsWLECoaGhnKbH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\n5Zq42dnZMDU1rZcZqiwoKCiAs7MzMjMz0axZM53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+ "text": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x23250d0>" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_9.ipynb b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_9.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..2c093f32 --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/Chapter_9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:784ed0940f5ca0d7641a379ee4884ada589406f7ce20917d271026274ac607a6" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 9: Analog Signals" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.1, Page 235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Bs=4.2 #Signal Bandwidth(MHz)\n", + "delf=2.56 #Deviation Ratio\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "delF=Bs*delf #Peak Deviation(MHz)\n", + "BIF=2*(delF+Bs) #Signal Bandwidth(MHz)\n", + "BIF=round(BIF,1)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The peak deviation is:\" , delF,\"MHz\"\n", + "print \"Signal Bandwidth is\" , BIF,\"MHz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The peak deviation is: 10.752 MHz\n", + "Signal Bandwidth is 29.9 MHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.2, Page 236" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "delF=200 #Peak Deviation(kHz)\n", + "f=0.8 #Test tone frequency (kHz)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "m=delF/f #Modualtion index\n", + "B=2*(delF+f) #Bandwidth of the signal(kHz)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The modulation index is\" , m\n", + "print \"Bandwidth of the signal is\", B,\"kHz\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The modulation index is 250.0\n", + "Bandwidth of the signal is 401.6 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.3, Page 236" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "Bs1=4.2 #Signal Bandwidth(MHz) of Example 9.1\n", + "delf=2.56 #Deviation Ratio of Example 9.1\n", + "\n", + "delF2=200 #Peak Deviation(kHz) of Example 9.2\n", + "Bs2=0.8 #Test tone frequency (kHz) of Example 9.2\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "delF1=Bs1*delf #Peak Deviation(MHz) of Example 9.1\n", + "\n", + "BIF1=2*(delF1+2*Bs1) #Signal Bandwidth(MHz) of Example 9.1 according to Carson's rule\n", + "BIF1=round(BIF1,1)\n", + "BIF2=2*(delF2+2*Bs2) #Signal Bandwidth(kHz) of Example 9.2 according to Carson's rule.\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"Signal Bandwidth of Example 9.1 by Carson's rule is\",BIF1,\"MHz\"\n", + "\n", + "print \"Signal Bandwidth of Example 9.2 by Carson's rule is\",BIF2,\"kHz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Signal Bandwidth of Example 9.1 by Carson's rule is 38.3 MHz\n", + "Signal Bandwidth of Example 9.2 by Carson's rule is 403.2 kHz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.4, Page 241" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "delf=5 #Deviation frequency (kHz)\n", + "Bs=1 #Test Tone Frequency (kHz)\n", + "CNR=30 #Carrier to noise ration(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "m=delf/Bs #Modulation Index\n", + "Gp=3*(m**2)*(m+1) #Processing gain for sinusoidal modulation\n", + "Gp=10*math.log10(Gp) #Converting Gp into dB\n", + "SNR=CNR+Gp\n", + "\n", + "Gp=round(Gp,1)\n", + "SNR=round(SNR,1)\n", + "\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The receiver processing gain is\",Gp,\"dB\"\n", + "print \"The Signal to noise ratio is\", SNR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The receiver processing gain is 26.5 dB\n", + "The Signal to noise ratio is 56.5 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.5, Page 245" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "n=24 #Number of channels\n", + "g=13.57 #Peak/rms factor(dB)\n", + "b=3.1 #Channel Bandwidth(kHz)\n", + "P=4 #Emphasis improvement (dB)\n", + "W=2.5 #Noise weighting improvement(dB)\n", + "CNR=25 #Carrier to noise ratio (dB)\n", + "delFrms=35 #rms value of Peak Deviation(kHz)\n", + "fm=108 #Baseband frequency (kHz)\n", + "#Calculation\n", + " \n", + "L=10**((-1+4*math.log10(n))/20)\n", + "g=10**(g/20) #Converting process gain to ratio\n", + "delF=g*delFrms*L #Peak Deviation(Hz)\n", + "BIF=2*(delF+fm) #Signal Bandwidth(kHz) by Carson's rule\n", + "Gp=(BIF/b)*((delFrms/float(fm))**2) #Processing Gain\n", + "Gp=10*math.log10(Gp) #Converting Gp to dB\n", + "SNR=CNR+Gp+P+W #Signal to noise ratio for top channel in 24-channel FDM basseband signal\n", + "SNR=round(SNR,1)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"Signal to noise ratio for top channel in 24-channel FDM Baseband signal is\", SNR,\"dB\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Signal to noise ratio for top channel in 24-channel FDM Baseband signal is 45.7 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.6, Page 246" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#Variable Declaration\n", + "\n", + "delF=9 #Peak Deviation (MHz) \n", + "fm=4.2 #Baseband frequency(MHz)\n", + "SNR=62 #Signal to noise ration(dB)\n", + "M=11.8 #Noise weighing(P)+emphasis improvement(W)-implementation margin(IMP)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "\n", + "D=delF/fm #Modulation Index\n", + "GPV=12*(D**2)*(D+1) #Processing Gain for TV\n", + "GPV=10*math.log10(GPV) #Converting GPV into dB\n", + "CNR=SNR-GPV-M #carrier to noise ratio(dB)\n", + "CNR=round(CNR,1)\n", + "#Results\n", + "\n", + "print \"The Carrier to noise ratio required at the input of FM detector is\",CNR,\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The Carrier to noise ratio required at the input of FM detector is 27.8 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Satellite_Communications/README.txt b/Satellite_Communications/README.txt new file mode 100755 index 00000000..f1f45fe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Satellite_Communications/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: Edulakante Nagarjun Reddy +Course: be +College/Institute/Organization: Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology +Department/Designation: Electronics & CommunicationsEngg +Book Title: Satellite Communications +Author: Dennis Roddy +Publisher: McGraw-Hill +Year of publication: 2001 +Isbn: 0-07-137176-1 +Edition: 3rd
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