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+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 5 : Combustion Mechanism, Combustion Equipment And Firing Methods"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Ex 5.1 Page 308"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ " The total surface area of the particles in the bed As = 8423 m**2 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#Input data\n",
+ "Vs=2500##The mass of a bed of solid particles in kg\n",
+ "p=2650##The density of the solid in kg/m**3\n",
+ "d=800*10**-6##The mean particle size in m\n",
+ "s=0.84##The sphericity of the particle\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "As=(6*Vs)/(p*d*s)##The total surface area of the particles in the bed\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Output\n",
+ "print \" The total surface area of the particles in the bed As = %3.0f m**2 \"%(As)\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Ex 5.2 Page 309"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 12,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ " (a) The voidage of the bed = 0.417 \n",
+ " (b) The minimum fluidization velocity Umf = 0.187 m/s \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#Input data\n",
+ "d=427*10**-6##The mean particle size in m\n",
+ "pg=1.21##The density of air in kg/m**3\n",
+ "v=1.82*10**-5##The viscosity of air in kg/ms\n",
+ "pl=1620##The density of the loosely packed bed in kg/m**3\n",
+ "ps=2780##The density of the solids in kg/m**3\n",
+ "c1=27.2##(Grace,1982)constant value.\n",
+ "c2=0.0408##(Grace,1982)constant value\n",
+ "g=9.812##Gravitational forc constant in m/s**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "E=1-(pl/ps)##The voidage of the bed\n",
+ "Ar=((pg)*(ps-pg)*g*(d**3))/v**2##Archimedes number\n",
+ "Re=(c1**2+(c2*Ar))**(0.5)-c1##Reynolds number\n",
+ "Umf=Re*v/(pg*d)##Minimum superficial velocity in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Output\n",
+ "print \" (a) The voidage of the bed = %3.3f \\n (b) The minimum fluidization velocity Umf = %3.3f m/s \"%(E,Umf)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Ex 5.3 Page 309"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 25,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The sphericity of particles is = 0.811 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "from scipy.optimize import fsolve\n",
+ "#Input data\n",
+ "d=427*10**-6##The mean particle size in m\n",
+ "pg=1.21##The density of air in kg/m**3\n",
+ "v=1.82*10**-5##The viscosity of air in kg/ms\n",
+ "Umf=0.14##Minimum superficial velocity in m/s\n",
+ "Ar=7753##Archimedes number from previous example problem\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Re=(Umf*pg*d)/v##Reynolds number\n",
+ "def F(x):##function definition\n",
+ " f = 7753*x**2- 381.1*x -4793#\n",
+ " return f\n",
+ "x = 100##Initial guss\n",
+ "y = fsolve(F,x)#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Output\n",
+ "print \"The sphericity of particles is = %3.3f \"%(y)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Ex 5.4 Page 310"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 26,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The required flow rate of limestone is 2405.3 kg/h \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "#Input data\n",
+ "O=35##The output of the fluidized bed combustion system in MW\n",
+ "n=0.80##Efficiency of the fluidized bed combustion system \n",
+ "H=26##The heating value of coal in MJ/kg\n",
+ "S=3.6##Sulphur content in the coal in %\n",
+ "C=3##The calcium sulphur ratio \n",
+ "Ca=85##The amount of calcium carbonate in the limestone in %\n",
+ "CaCO3=100##The molecular weight of CaCO3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Cb=O/(n*H)##Coal burning rate in kg/s\n",
+ "Cb1=Cb*3600##Coal burning rate in kg/h\n",
+ "Sf=(Cb1*(S/100))/32##Flow rate of sulphur in Kmol/h\n",
+ "Cf=Sf*C##The flow rate of calcium in Kmol/h\n",
+ "Caf=Cf*CaCO3##Mass flow rate of CaCO3 in kg/h\n",
+ "L=Caf/(Ca/100)##Mass flow rate of limestone in kg/h\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Output\n",
+ "print \"The required flow rate of limestone is %3.1f kg/h \"%(L)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Ex 5.5 Page 310"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 27,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ " (a) The rate of heat removal from the bed = 6405 kW \n",
+ " (b) The rate of heat removal from the above bed zone = 16333 kW \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#Input data\n",
+ "CV=24##The calorific value of the fuel in MJ/kg\n",
+ "C=0.65##The amount of calorific value released in the bed in %\n",
+ "to=850##Temperature at which products leave in degree centigrade\n",
+ "ti=30##The inlet temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+ "tb=850##The bed temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+ "A=14.5##The air fuel ratio by mass\n",
+ "Cp=1.035##The specific heat of the products leaving the bed surface in kJ/kgK\n",
+ "B=7000##The burning rate of coal in kg/h\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "H=(C*CV*1000)-(A*Cp*(to-ti))##Heat removal from the bed per kg fuel in kJ/kg fuel\n",
+ "Hr=(H*B)/3600##Rate of heat removal from the bed in kW\n",
+ "Hb=(B/3600)*(1-C)*CV*1000##The rate of heat removal from the above bed zone in kW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Output\n",
+ "print \" (a) The rate of heat removal from the bed = %3.0f kW \\n (b) The rate of heat removal from the above bed zone = %3.0f kW \"%(Hr,Hb)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Ex 5.6 Page 311"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 28,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ " (a) The planform area = 2.4 m**2 \n",
+ " (b) Fuel burning rate = 0.192 kg/s \n",
+ " Air flow rate = 2.1888 kg/s \n",
+ " Planform area = 2.58 m**2 \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#Input data\n",
+ "tb=850##The bed temperature in degree centigrade\n",
+ "CV=25##The calorific value of the fuel in MJ/kg\n",
+ "A=9.5##The stoichiometric air fuel ratio by mass\n",
+ "E=20##The amount of excess air used in %\n",
+ "F=4.8##The total fueling rate in MW\n",
+ "p=0.3145##The density of air at bed temperature in kg/m**3\n",
+ "f=2##The firing rate in MW/m**2\n",
+ "v=2.7##The fluidizing velocity in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "P=F/f##Planform area in m**2\n",
+ "m=(F*1000)/(CV*1000)##Fuel burning rate in kg/s\n",
+ "ma=A*(1+(E/100))*m##Mass flow rate of air in kg/s\n",
+ "Pa=ma/(p*v)##Planform area in m**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Output\n",
+ "print \" (a) The planform area = %3.1f m**2 \\n (b) Fuel burning rate = %3.3f kg/s \\n Air flow rate = %3.4f kg/s \\n Planform area = %3.2f m**2 \"%(P,m,ma,Pa)"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 2",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python2"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}