add books

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 576 deletions

diff --git a/Power_Electronics/Power_electronics_ch_8_1.ipynb b/Power_Electronics/Power_electronics_ch_8_1.ipynb
deleted file mode 100755
index 2f3270f0..00000000
--- a/Power_Electronics/Power_electronics_ch_8_1.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,576 +0,0 @@
-{

- "metadata": {

-  "name": ""

- },

- "nbformat": 3,

- "nbformat_minor": 0,

- "worksheets": [

-  {

-   "cells": [

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 1,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Chapter 8: Applications of Thyristors"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.1, Page No. 326"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# Crowbar circuit(refering to fig8.2)\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "#Variable declaration\n",

-      "Vz = 14.8                 # zener breakdown voltage\n",

-      "Vt = 0.85                 # thyristor trigger voltage\n",

-      "\n",

-      "# Calculations \n",

-      "Vi = Vz+Vt\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result \n",

-      "print(\"Thyrister will be turned on when voltage across R is %.2f V.\"%Vt)\n",

-      "print(\"Since zener breakdown at %.1f V, the crowbar circuit will be turned on when\\nVi = %.2f V\"%(Vz,Vi))"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Thyrister will be turned on when voltage across R is 0.85 V.\n",

-        "Since zener breakdown at 14.8 V, the crowbar circuit will be turned on when\n",

-        "Vi = 15.65 V\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 2

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.2, Page No. 326"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# Crowbar circuit(refering to fig.8.2) \n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "Rz = 15.0           # resistance of zener diode under breakdown condition\n",

-      "Ig = 20*10**-3      # gate triggering current of thyristor\n",

-      "Vz = 14.8           # zener breakdown voltage\n",

-      "Vt = 0.85           # thyristor trigger voltage\n",

-      "R = 50.0            # resistance\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculations\n",

-      "Rt = (R*Rz)/(R+Rz)\n",

-      "V = Rt*Ig\n",

-      "Vi = Vz+Vt+V\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"Vi = %.3f V\"%Vi)\n"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Vi = 15.881 V\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 5

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.3, Page No. 327"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# Values of R and C (refering to fig.8.3)\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "#Variable declaration\n",

-      "V = 200               # input voltage\n",

-      "Il = 10               # load current\n",

-      "Toff1 = 15*10**-6     # turn off time\n",

-      "Ih = 4*10**-3         # thyristor holding current\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculations\n",

-      "R = V/Ih\n",

-      "Rl = V/Il\n",

-      "C = Toff1/(Rl*math.log(2))\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"R = %.0f k-ohm\\nC = %.3f*10^-6 F\"%(R/1000,C*10**6))"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "R = 50 k-ohm\n",

-        "C = 1.082*10^-6 F\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 11

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.4, Page No. 331"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# duty cycle and Ton/Toff ratio\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "# Variable declaration\n",

-      "V = 230.0                # input voltage\n",

-      "R = 60.0                 # load resistance\n",

-      "P1 = 400.0               # output ppower in case 1\n",

-      "P2 = 700.0               # output ppower in case 2\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculations\n",

-      "Pmax = (V**2)/R\n",

-      "#(a)\n",

-      "alfa = P1/Pmax\n",

-      "Ton = alfa\n",

-      "Toff= 1-Ton\n",

-      "r = Ton/Toff\n",

-      "#(b)\n",

-      "alfa2 = P2/Pmax\n",

-      "Ton2 = alfa2\n",

-      "Toff2= 1-Ton2\n",

-      "r2= Ton2/Toff2\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"Maximum power output = %.2f W\\n\\n(a)\\n Duty cycle = %.4f\\n Ton/Toff = %.4f\"%(Pmax,alfa,math.ceil(r*10000)/10000))\n",

-      "print(\"\\n(b)\\n Duty cycle = %.3f\\n Ton/Toff = %.3f\"%(alfa2,math.ceil(r2*1000)/1000))"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Maximum power output = 881.67 W\n",

-        "\n",

-        "(a)\n",

-        " Duty cycle = 0.4537\n",

-        " Ton/Toff = 0.8305\n",

-        "\n",

-        "(b)\n",

-        " Duty cycle = 0.794\n",

-        " Ton/Toff = 3.854\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 23

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.5, Page No.333"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# Output RMS voltage\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "# Variable declaration\n",

-      "Ton = 12.0               # circuit is on for 12 cycles\n",

-      "Toff = 19.0              # circuit is on for 19 cycles\n",

-      "V = 230.0                # input voltage\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#calcualtions\n",

-      "d = Ton/(Ton+Toff)\n",

-      "Vrms = V*math.sqrt(d)\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"RMS output voltage = %.1f V\"%Vrms)"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "RMS output voltage = 143.1 V\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 25

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.6, Page No. 333"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# Power supplied to heater\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "#Variable declaration\n",

-      "V = 230                # input voltage\n",

-      "R = 50                 # load resistance\n",

-      "alfa1 = 90             # firing angle for case 1\n",

-      "alfa2 = 120            # firing angle for case 2\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculations\n",

-      "sqrt_2 = math.floor(math.sqrt(2)*1000)/1000\n",

-      "Vm = V*sqrt_2\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#(a)\n",

-      "Vl = Vm*math.sqrt((math.pi-(alfa1*math.pi/180)+((math.sin(2*alfa1*math.pi/180))/2.0))/(2*math.pi))\n",

-      "P = (Vl**2)/R\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#(b)\n",

-      "Vl2 = Vm*math.sqrt((math.pi-(alfa2*math.pi/180)+((math.sin(2*alfa2*math.pi/180))/2.0))/(2*math.pi))\n",

-      "P2 = (Vl**2)/R\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"(a) when alfa = %.0f\u00b0,\\n    Power = %.2fW\"%(alfa1,Vl))\n",

-      "print(\"\\n(b) when alfa = %.0f\u00b0,\\n    Power = %.2fW\"%(alfa2,Vl2))"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "(a) when alfa = 90\u00b0,\n",

-        "    Power = 162.61W\n",

-        "\n",

-        "(b) when alfa = 120\u00b0,\n",

-        "    Power = 101.68W\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 35

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.7, Page No.333"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# finding firing angle\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "from numpy import poly1d\n",

-      "#variable declaration\n",

-      "V = 230.0             # input voltage\n",

-      "R = 10                # load resistance\n",

-      "P1 = 2645             # power supplied to heater in case a\n",

-      "P2 = 1587             # power supplied to heater in case b\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculations\n",

-      "Pmax = (V**2)/R\n",

-      "#(a)\n",

-      "Vl1 = math.floor((math.sqrt(P1*R))*100)/100\n",

-      "#After solving equation using taylor seris of X, we got following coefficient. \n",

-      "P1 = poly1d([128.0/math.factorial(7),0,-32.0/math.factorial(5),0,8.0/math.factorial(3),0,0,(-2*math.pi*(1-(Vl1/V)**2))], variable = 'x')\n",

-      "x1 = P1.r[(P1.order+1)/2]*180/math.pi\n",

-      "alfa1 = x1.real\n",

-      "#(b)\n",

-      "Vl2 = math.floor((math.sqrt(P2*R))*1000)/1000\n",

-      "P2 = poly1d([128.0/math.factorial(7),0,-32.0/math.factorial(5),0,8.0/math.factorial(3),0,0,(-2*math.pi*0.762500)], variable = 'x')\n",

-      "# hardcoded value used to match the answer to the book\n",

-      "x2 = P2.r[(P2.order+1)/2]*180/math.pi\n",

-      "alfa2 = x2.real\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"(a) firing angle = %.0f\u00b0\"%math.ceil(alfa1))\n",

-      "print(\"(b) firing angle = %.1f\u00b0\"%(alfa2)"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "(a) firing angle = 90\u00b0\n",

-        "(b) firing angle = 108.6\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 14

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.8, Page No. 334"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# current rating and Peak Inverse Voltage of each thyristor\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "#Variable declaration\n",

-      "V = 400                  # 3-phase input voltage\n",

-      "P = 20*10**3             # load \n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculations\n",

-      "#(a)\n",

-      "# since load is resistive, theta = 0\u00b0,therefore, cos(theta) = 1\n",

-      "I = P/(math.sqrt(3)*V)\n",

-      "PIV = V*math.sqrt(2)\n",

-      "PIV = math.floor(PIV*10)/10\n",

-      "#(b)\n",

-      "Ir = I/math.sqrt(2)\n",

-      "Ir = math.ceil(Ir*100)/100\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"(a)\\n  I = %.2f A\\n  During off state, line to line voltage can appear across triac. Hence current rating is %.2f A and\"%(I,I))\n",

-      "print(\"  peak inverse voltage = %.1f V\"%PIV)\n",

-      "print(\"\\n(b)\\n  Each thyristor conducts for every half cycle.\\n  current rating = %.2f A\\n  Peak inverse voltage is the same i.e. %.1f V\"%(Ir,PIV))"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "(a)\n",

-        "  I = 28.87 A\n",

-        "  During off state, line to line voltage can appear across triac. Hence current rating is 28.87 A and\n",

-        "  peak inverse voltage = 565.6 V\n",

-        "\n",

-        "(b)\n",

-        "  Each thyristor conducts for every half cycle.\n",

-        "  current rating = 20.42 A\n",

-        "  Peak inverse voltage is the same i.e. 565.6 V\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 53

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.9, Page No.338"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# applied voltage and current\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "#variable declaration\n",

-      "t = 5*10**-2               # insulating slab thickness\n",

-      "A = 100*10**-4             # insulating slab area\n",

-      "P = 300                    # power \n",

-      "f = 10*10**6               # frequency\n",

-      "eps = 8.85*10**-12         # permitivity of free space\n",

-      "eps_r = 4.5                # relative permitivity\n",

-      "pf = 0.05                  # power factor\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculation\n",

-      "C = eps*eps_r*A/t\n",

-      "pi =math.floor(math.pi*100)/100\n",

-      "w = 2*pi*f\n",

-      "fi = (math.acos(pf))*(180/math.pi)\n",

-      "sig =90-fi\n",

-      "sig = math.ceil(sig*1000)/1000\n",

-      "sig = sig*math.pi/180\n",

-      "V = math.sqrt(P/(w*C*math.tan(sig)))\n",

-      "I = P/(V*pf)\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"V = %.1f V\\nI = %.2f A\"%(V,I))"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "V = 3461.2 V\n",

-        "I = 1.73 A\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 65

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.10, Page No. 338"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# power input and current\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "# Variable declaration\n",

-      "t = 1*10**-2               # insulating slab thickness\n",

-      "A = 50*10**-4              # insulating slab area\n",

-      "V = 400                    # input voltage \n",

-      "f = 20*10**6               # frequency\n",

-      "eps = 8.85*10**-12         # permitivity of free space\n",

-      "eps_r = 5                  # relative permitivity\n",

-      "pf = 0.05                  # power factor\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculation\n",

-      "C = eps*eps_r*A/t\n",

-      "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",

-      "fi = (math.acos(pf))*(180/math.pi)\n",

-      "sig =90-fi\n",

-      "sig = math.ceil(sig*1000)/1000\n",

-      "sig = sig*math.pi/180\n",

-      "P = (V**2)*(w*C*math.tan(sig))\n",

-      "I = P/(V*pf)\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"P = %.2f W\\nI = %.4f A\"%(P,I))"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "P = 22.27 W\n",

-        "I = 1.1135 A\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 68

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 2,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "example 8.11, Page No. 338"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "# voltage of the source and current input\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "#variable declaration\n",

-      "t = 2                      # insulating slab thickness\n",

-      "A = 75                     # insulating slab area\n",

-      "T1 = 20                    # lower temperature\n",

-      "T2 = 50                    # Higher temperature\n",

-      "Time = 7*60                # time \n",

-      "f = 20*10**6               # frequency\n",

-      "eps = 8.85*10**-12         # permitivity of free space\n",

-      "eps_r =6.5                 # relative permitivity\n",

-      "sh = 0.25                  # specific heat\n",

-      "den = 0.55                 # density\n",

-      "pf = 0.04                  # power factor\n",

-      "\n",

-      "#Calculations\n",

-      "C = eps*eps_r*A*10**-4/(t*10**-2)\n",

-      "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",

-      "fi = (math.acos(pf))*(180/math.pi)\n",

-      "sig =90-fi\n",

-      "sig = math.ceil(sig*1000)/1000\n",

-      "sig = sig*math.pi/180\n",

-      "\n",

-      "m = A*t*den\n",

-      "H = m*sh*(T2-T1)\n",

-      "TH = H/0.9\n",

-      "Ei = TH*4.186\n",

-      "P = Ei/Time\n",

-      "P = math.floor(P*100)/100\n",

-      "V = math.sqrt(P/(w*C*pf))\n",

-      "V = math.ceil(V*100)/100\n",

-      "I = P/(V*pf)\n",

-      "I = math.floor(I*1000)/1000\n",

-      "#Result\n",

-      "print(\"V = %.2f V\\nI = %.3f A\"%(V,I))"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "V = 251.35 V\n",

-        "I = 0.681 A\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 86

-    }

-   ],

-   "metadata": {}

-  }

- ]

-}
\ No newline at end of file