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| author | hardythe1 | 2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | hardythe1 | 2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530 |
| commit | c7fe425ef3c5e8804f2f5de3d8fffedf5e2f1131 (patch) | |
| tree | 725a7d43dc1687edf95bc36d39bebc3000f1de8f /Modern_Physics/chapter9_1.ipynb | |
| parent | 62aa228e2519ac7b7f1aef53001f2f2e988a6eb1 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/Modern_Physics/chapter9_1.ipynb b/Modern_Physics/chapter9_1.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..ca8c771f --- /dev/null +++ b/Modern_Physics/chapter9_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,397 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:bab0907a92dd1a315ea33ad663e957734494f7112ddbb87e9005b028bf98d841"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "9: Waves and Particles"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 9.1, Page number 179"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=20000; #applied voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "lamda=12.25/(math.sqrt(V)); #de broglie wavelength(angstrom)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"de broglie wavelength is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "de broglie wavelength is 0.087 angstrom\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 9.2, Page number 179"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=5000; #applied voltage(V)\n",
+ "e=1.602*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "m=9.12*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+ "d=2.04*10**-10; #distance(m)\n",
+ "n=1;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "p=math.sqrt(2*m*e*V); #momentum(kg m/s)\n",
+ "lamda=12.25/math.sqrt(V); #de broglie wavelength(angstrom)\n",
+ "v=1/(lamda*10**-10); #wave number\n",
+ "theta=math.asin((n*lamda*10**-10)/(2*d)); #Bragg angle(radian)\n",
+ "theta=theta*180/math.pi; #Bragg angle(degrees)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"momentum is\",round(p/1e-23,2),\"*10^-23 kg m/s\"\n",
+ "print \"de broglie wavelength is\",round(lamda,3),\"angstrom\"\n",
+ "print \"the wave number is\",round(v/10**10,2),\"*10^10\"\n",
+ "print \"the Bragg angle is\",round(theta,2),\"degrees\"\n",
+ "print \"answers given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "momentum is 3.82 *10^-23 kg m/s\n",
+ "de broglie wavelength is 0.173 angstrom\n",
+ "the wave number is 5.77 *10^10\n",
+ "the Bragg angle is 2.43 degrees\n",
+ "answers given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 9.3, Page number 179"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "V=54; #applied voltage(V)\n",
+ "e=1.602*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "m=9.12*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "v=math.sqrt(2*e*V/m); #velocity of electron(m/s)\n",
+ "lamda=12.25/math.sqrt(V); #de broglie wavelength(angstrom)\n",
+ "u=h/(2*m*lamda*10**-10); #phase velocity(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"velocity of electron is\",round(v/1e+6,2),\"*10^6 m/s\"\n",
+ "print \"de broglie wavelength is\",round(lamda,2),\"angstrom\"\n",
+ "print \"phase velocity is\",round(u/1e+6,2),\"*10^6 m/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "velocity of electron is 4.36 *10^6 m/s\n",
+ "de broglie wavelength is 1.67 angstrom\n",
+ "phase velocity is 2.18 *10^6 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 9.4, Page number 180"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "m=9.12*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+ "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=m*c**2; #rest energy(J)\n",
+ "mp=1836*m; #mass of proton(kg)\n",
+ "#(0.5*m*v^2)=E\n",
+ "mv=math.sqrt(E*2*mp); #momentum(kg m/s)\n",
+ "lamda=h/mv; #de broglie wavelength(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"de broglie wavelength is\",round(lamda*10**10,4),\"Angstrom\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "de broglie wavelength is 0.0004 Angstrom\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 9.5, Page number 180"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "m=1.676*10**-27; #mass of neutron(kg)\n",
+ "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E=1; #in eV\n",
+ "E=1*e; #in V\n",
+ "mv=math.sqrt(2*E*m); #momentum(kg m/s)\n",
+ "lamda=h/mv; #de broglie wavelength(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"de broglie wavelength is\",round(lamda*10**10,3),\"Angstrom\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "de broglie wavelength is 0.286 Angstrom\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 9.6, Page number 183"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "lamda=0.09; #wavelength(Angstrom)\n",
+ "D=54; #scattering angle(degree)\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
+ "c=3*10**8; #speed of light(m/s)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "dlamda=0.0243*(1-math.cos(D)); \n",
+ "lamda1=lamda+dlamda; #Wavelength of scattered X-rays(Angstrom)\n",
+ "Ei=h*c/(lamda*10**-10); #Energy of incident photon(J)\n",
+ "Es=h*c/(lamda1*10**-10); #Energy of scattered photon(J)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"wavelength of scattered X-rays is\",round(lamda1,1),\"Angstrom\"\n",
+ "print \"Energy of incident photon is\",round(Ei/(e*10**6),3),\"MeV\"\n",
+ "print \"Energy of scattered photon is\",round(Es/(e*10**6),4),\"MeV\"\n",
+ "print \"answer for energy of scattered photon given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "wavelength of scattered X-rays is 0.1 Angstrom\n",
+ "Energy of incident photon is 0.138 MeV\n",
+ "Energy of scattered photon is 0.0924 MeV\n",
+ "answer for energy of scattered photon given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 29
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 9.7, Page number 191"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
+ "m=9.12*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "#for 1st quantum state\n",
+ "nx=1;\n",
+ "ny=1;\n",
+ "nz=1;\n",
+ "L=1;\n",
+ "E1=h**2*(nx**2+ny**2+nz**2)/(8*m*L**2); #energy in first quantum state(J)\n",
+ "#for 2nd quantum state (nx^2+ny^2+nz^2)=6\n",
+ "L=1;\n",
+ "E=h**2*6/(8*m*L**2); #energy in second quantum state(J)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"energy in first quantum state is\",round(E1/1e-37,3),\"*10^-37 J\"\n",
+ "print \"energy in second quantum state is\",round(E/1e-37,2),\"*10^-37 J\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "energy in first quantum state is 1.805 *10^-37 J\n",
+ "energy in second quantum state is 3.61 *10^-37 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 9.8, Page number 194"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#import modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #Plank's constant\n",
+ "m=9.12*10**-31; #mass of electron(kg)\n",
+ "L=2.5*10**-10; #width of square(m)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19; #the charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "n1=1;\n",
+ "n2=2;\n",
+ "n3=3;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "E1=n1**2*h**2/(8*m*L**2*e); #1st lowest quantum energy(eV)\n",
+ "E2=n2**2*E1; #2nd lowest quantum energy(eV)\n",
+ "E3=n3**2*E1; #3rd lowest quantum energy(eV) \n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"the lowest 3 quantum energies are\",int(E1),\"eV,\",int(E2),\"eV and\",int(E3),\"eV\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "the lowest 3 quantum energies are 6 eV, 24 eV and 54 eV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
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