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+{

+ "metadata": {

+  "name": "",

+  "signature": "sha256:90fc77a4706b2ba6c4e383a2e0d80f0a572a43d837aa619ea730d827f91d4409"

+ },

+ "nbformat": 3,

+ "nbformat_minor": 0,

+ "worksheets": [

+  {

+   "cells": [

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 1,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "3: The Atomic Structure"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example number 3.1, Page number 25"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#import modules\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "from __future__ import division\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Z=79;         #atomic number of gold\n",

+      "e=1.6*10**-19;       #electron charge(C)\n",

+      "Eo=8.854*10**-12;     #absolute permitivity of free space(F/m)\n",

+      "K=7.68*1.6*10**-13;    #kinectic energy(J)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#calculation\n",

+      "D=(2*Z*e**2)/(4*math.pi*Eo*K);        #closest distance of approach(m)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print \"The closest distance of approach is\",round(D/1e-14,2),\"*10**-14 m\""

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "The closest distance of approach is 2.96 *10**-14 m\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 4

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example number 3.2, Page number 28"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#import modules\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "from __future__ import division\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Z=1;       #atomic number of hydrogen\n",

+      "e=1.6*10**-19;    #electron charge(C)\n",

+      "h=6.625*10**-34;    #plank's constant(J-s)\n",

+      "m=9.1*10**-31;      #mass of an electron(kg)\n",

+      "Eo=8.854*10**-12;        #absolute permitivity of free space(F/m)\n",

+      "c=3*10**8;               #speed of light(m/s)\n",

+      "n=1;                 #ground state\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#calculation\n",

+      "v=9*10**9*(2*math.pi*Z*e**2)/(n*h);         #velocity of ground state(m/s)\n",

+      "r=(Eo*n**2*h**2)/(math.pi*m*e**2);          #radius of Bohr orbit in ground state(m)\n",

+      "t=(2*math.pi*r)/v;        #time taken by electron to traverse the bohr first orbit(s)\n",

+      "R=(m*(e**4))/(8*(Eo**2)*(h**3)*c);       #Rhydberg contstant(m^-1)\n",

+      "#v=v*10**-5;\n",

+      "#v=math.ceil(v*10**3)/10**3;   #rounding off to 3 decimals\n",

+      "#r=r*10**10;\n",

+      "#R=R/10**6;\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print \"velocity of ground state\",round(v/1e+5,2),\"*10^5 m/s\"\n",

+      "print \"radius of Bohr orbit in ground state\",round(r/1e-10,2),\"*10^-10 m\"\n",

+      "print \"time taken by electron to traverse the bohr first orbit\",round(t/1e-16,2),\"micro s\"\n",

+      "print \"Rhydberg constant is\",round(R/1e+6,3),\"*10**6 m^-1\"\n",

+      "print \"answer for Rhydberg contstant given in the book differs in the 2nd decimal point\""

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "velocity of ground state 21.85 *10^5 m/s\n",

+        "radius of Bohr orbit in ground state 0.53 *10^-10 m\n",

+        "time taken by electron to traverse the bohr first orbit 1.53 micro s\n",

+        "Rhydberg constant is 10.901 *10**6 m^-1\n",

+        "answer for Rhydberg contstant given in the book differs in the 2nd decimal point\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 18

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example number 3.3, Page number 29"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#import modules\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "from __future__ import division\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "B=2.179*10**-16;      #constant(J)\n",

+      "h=6.6*10**-34;      #plank's constant(J-s)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#calculation\n",

+      "E3=-B/3**2;       #energy in 3rd orbit(J)\n",

+      "E2=-B/2**2;       #energy in 2nd orbit(J)  \n",

+      "f=(E3-E2)/h;      #frequency of radiation(Hz) \n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print \"frequency of radiation\",round(f/1e+16,1),\"*10**16 Hz\""

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "frequency of radiation 4.6 *10**16 Hz\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 35

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example number 3.4, Page number 29"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#import modules\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "from __future__ import division\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Z=1;     #atomic number of hydrogen\n",

+      "e=1.6*10**-19;       #electron charge(C)\n",

+      "h=6.625*10**-34;     #plank's constant(J-s)\n",

+      "m=9.1*10**-31;       #mass of an electron(kg)\n",

+      "Eo=8.854*10**-12;    #absolute permitivity of free space(F/m)\n",

+      "n=1;         #ground state\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Calculation\n",

+      "f=(m*Z**2*e**4)/(4*Eo**2*h**3);         #frequency(Hz)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print \"the frequency is\",round(f/1e+15,2),\"*10**15 Hz\""

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "the frequency is 6.54 *10**15 Hz\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 38

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example number 3.5, Page number 30"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#import modules\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "from __future__ import division\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "Z=1;\n",

+      "n=1;\n",

+      "e=1.6*10**-19;    #the charge on electron(C)\n",

+      "h=6.62*10**-34;   #Plank's constant\n",

+      "Eo=8.854*10**-12;     #absolute permitivity of free space(F/m)\n",

+      "m=9.1*10**-31;     #mass of electron(kg)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#calculation\n",

+      "v=Z*(e**2)/(2*Eo*n*h);        #velocity(m/s)\n",

+      "E=-m*(Z**2)*(e**4)/(8*(Eo*n*h)**2);      #energy of hydrogen atom(J)\n",

+      "f=m*(Z**2)*(e**4)/(4*(Eo**2)*(n*h)**3);        #frequecy(Hz)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print \"velocity is\",round(v*10**-6,2),\"*10**6 m/s\"\n",

+      "print \"energy of hydrogen atom\",round(E*10**19,1),\"*10**-19 J\"\n",

+      "print \"frequecy\",round(f/1e+15,1),\"*10**15 Hz\"\n",

+      "print \"answer for velocity given in the book is wrong\"\n",

+      "print \"answer for frequency given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\""

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "velocity is 2.18 *10**6 m/s\n",

+        "energy of hydrogen atom -21.7 *10**-19 J\n",

+        "frequecy 6.6 *10**15 Hz\n",

+        "answer for velocity given in the book is wrong\n",

+        "answer for frequency given in the book varies due to rounding off errors\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 24

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example number 3.8, Page number 38"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#import modules\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "from __future__ import division\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "h=6.625*10**-34;     #Plank's constant\n",

+      "c=3*10**8;          #speed of light(m/s)\n",

+      "E1=10.2;           #energy(eV)\n",

+      "E2=12.09;           #energy(eV)\n",

+      "e=1.6*10**-19;        #the charge on electron(C)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#calcualtion\n",

+      "#principal quantum numbers are 2 & 3 respectively\n",

+      "lamda1=c*h/(E1*e)*10**10;       #wavelength for E1(angstrom)\n",

+      "lamda2=c*h/(E2*e)*10**10;       #wavelength for E2(angstrom)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print \"wavelength for 10.2 eV is\",int(lamda1),\"angstrom\"\n",

+      "print \"wavelength for 12.09 eV is\",int(lamda2),\"angstrom\"\n",

+      "print \"answers given in the book differ due to rounding off errors\""

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "wavelength for 10.2 eV is 1217 angstrom\n",

+        "wavelength for 12.09 eV is 1027 angstrom\n",

+        "answers given in the book differ due to rounding off errors\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 58

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example number 3.9, Page number 39"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#import modules\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "from __future__ import division\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Variable declaration\n",

+      "R=10967700;      #Rydberg constant(m^-1)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#calculation\n",

+      "long_lamda=4/(3*R);     #as n1=1 and n2=2\n",

+      "long_lamda=long_lamda*10**10;           #long wavelength(angstrom)\n",

+      "short_lamda=1/R;         #as n1=1 and n2=infinity\n",

+      "short_lamda=short_lamda*10**10;         #long wavelength(angstrom)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Result\n",

+      "print \"Long wavelength is\",round(long_lamda),\"angstrom\"\n",

+      "print \"Short wavelength is\",round(short_lamda),\"angstrom\""

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Long wavelength is 1216.0 angstrom\n",

+        "Short wavelength is 912.0 angstrom\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 62

+    }

+   ],

+   "metadata": {}

+  }

+ ]

+}
\ No newline at end of file