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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:75c249ea2e8c0a6e5f6f1e7aa12f02f35c3e7e62df28f6611e18b53d1b7e6dcd"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 7: Tunneling Phenomena"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.1, page no. 235"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "h = 1.973 * 10**3       #planck's constant (eV.A'/c)\n",
+      "me = 511 * 10**3        #mass of electron (eV/c^2)\n",
+      "U = 10.0\n",
+      "E = 7.0\n",
+      "L = 50.00               #thickness of layer (A')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = math.sqrt(2*me*(U-E))/h\n",
+      "T=(1.0+(1.0/4.0)*(U**2/(E*(U-E)))*(math.sinh(a*L))**2)**-1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The transmission coefficient for L=\",L,\"A' is\",round(T/10**-38,3),\"X 10^-38\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(b)if the layer thickness is 1.00nm.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable Declaration\n",
+      "\n",
+      "L = 10          #thickness of layer (A')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "T=(1.0+(1.0/4.0)*(U**2/(E*(U-E)))*(math.sinh(a*L))**2)**-1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The transmission coefficient for L=\",L,\"A' is\",round(T/10**-7,3),\"X 10^-7\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The transmission coefficient for L= 50.0 A' is 0.963 X 10^-38\n",
+        "The transmission coefficient for L= 10 A' is 0.657 X 10^-7\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.2, page no. 236"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "\n",
+      "e = 1.6 * 10 ** -19     #charge of electron (C)\n",
+      "I = 1.00 * 10 ** -3     #electron current(A)\n",
+      "T = 0.657 *10**-7       #Transmission coefficient\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ne = I / e\n",
+      "Nadj = Ne * T\n",
+      "Iadj = Nadj * e\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The number of electrons per second continuing on the adjacent wire is\",round(Nadj/10**8,2),\"X 10^8 and the transmitted current is\",round(Iadj/10**-12,1),\"pA.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The number of electrons per second continuing on the adjacent wire is 4.11 X 10^8 and the transmitted current is 65.7 pA.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5, page no. 241"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable Declaration\n",
+      "\n",
+      "e = 1.6 * 10 **-19      #charge of electron(C)\n",
+      "f = 1.0*10**30          #collision frequency (s^-1.cm^-2)\n",
+      "Ec = 5.5 * 10 ** 10     \n",
+      "V = 10 * 10 ** 3        #potential difference(V)\n",
+      "d = 0.010 * 10**-3      #plate separation(m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E = V /d\n",
+      "Te = math.exp(-Ec/E)\n",
+      "rate = f * Te\n",
+      "I = e * rate\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#result\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The tunneling current is\",round(I/10**-12,2),\"pA.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The tunneling current is 0.21 pA.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.6, page no. 244"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      " \n",
+      "\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Zth = 90            #atomic number of thorium\n",
+      "Zdth = 88           #atomic number of thorium's daughter nucleus\n",
+      "E = 4.05            #energy of ejected alphas(MeV)\n",
+      "Zpo = 84            #atomic number of polonium\n",
+      "Zdpo = 82           #atomic number of polonium's daughter nucleus\n",
+      "Epo = 8.95            #energy of ejected alphas(MeV)\n",
+      "R = 9.00            #nucleus size(fm)\n",
+      "r0 = 7.25           #Bohr radius of alpha(fm)\n",
+      "E0 = 0.0993         #(MeV)\n",
+      "f = 10 ** 21        #collision frequency(Hz)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Te = math.exp(-4*math.pi*Zdth*math.sqrt((E0/E))+ 8 * math.sqrt(Zdth*R/r0))\n",
+      "rate = f * Te\n",
+      "t = math.log(2)/rate\n",
+      "Tep = math.exp(-4*math.pi*Zdpo*math.sqrt((E0/Epo))+ 8 * math.sqrt(Zdpo*R/r0))\n",
+      "ratep = f * Tep\n",
+      "tp = math.log(2)/ratep\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The half life of thorium is\",round(t/10**17,1),\"X 10^17 s and that of polonium is\",round(tp/10**-10,1),\"X 10^-10 s.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The half life of thorium is 5.4 X 10^17 s and that of polonium is 8.4 X 10^-10 s.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
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