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| author | hardythe1 | 2015-06-11 17:31:11 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | hardythe1 | 2015-06-11 17:31:11 +0530 |
| commit | 79c59acc7af08ede23167b8455de4b716f77601f (patch) | |
| tree | 2d6ff34b6f131d2671e4c6b798f210b3cb1d4ac7 /Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni | |
| parent | df60071cf1d1c18822d34f943ab8f412a8946b69 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter03.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter03.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..5e391149 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter03.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,536 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:4bd6c8c288e718d72cee337cd9fe483874c85b5eb4a00b0ee5d5f593b823861e"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter03:Transmission Lines"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 3.1, Page number 47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Terminating impedance\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Zo = 100 #o/p impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "s = 5 #VSWR\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Zmax = Zo*s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Terminating impedance = \",Zmax,\"Ohms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Terminating impedance = 500 Ohms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.2, Page number 47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Characteristic impedance,Attenuation constant,Phase constant,Power delivered to the load\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Varaible declaration \n",
+ "R = 8 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "L = 2*10**-3 #inductance(H/km)\n",
+ "C = 0.002*10**-6 #capacitance(F)\n",
+ "G = 0.07*10**-6 #conductance(s/km)\n",
+ "f = 2*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Vs = 2 #input signal(V)\n",
+ "l = 500. #line length(km)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "x = complex(R,w*L)\n",
+ "y = complex(G,w*C)\n",
+ "Zo = cmath.sqrt(x/y)\n",
+ "gamma = cmath.sqrt(x*y)\n",
+ "Is = Vs/Zo.real\n",
+ "Il = Is*cmath.exp(-1*gamma*l)\n",
+ "P = Il**2*Zo.real\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Characteristic impedance =\",Zo,\"Ohms\"\n",
+ "print \"Attenuation constant =\",round(gamma.real,6),\"NP/km\"\n",
+ "print \"Phase constant =\", round(gamma.imag,6),\"rad/km\"\n",
+ "print \"\\ncalculation error in the textbook\"\n",
+ "print \"\\nPower delivered to the load =\", round((abs(P)/1E-6),1), \"uW\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Characteristic impedance = (1012.50018135-155.813417548j) Ohms\n",
+ "Attenuation constant = 0.003987 NP/km\n",
+ "Phase constant = 0.025436 rad/km\n",
+ "\n",
+ "calculation error in the textbook\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Power delivered to the load = 73.3 uW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.3, Page number 48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Phase velocity\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Varaible declaration\n",
+ "f = 2*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "B = 0.02543 #phase constant(rad/km)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "Vp = w/B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Phase velocity =\",round((Vp/1E+3),2),\"km/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Phase velocity = 494.16 km/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.4, Page number 48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Current drawn from generator,Power delivered to the load,Current flowing through the load\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 37.5*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "V = 200 #Voltage signal(Vrms)\n",
+ "r = 200 #internal resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Zo = 200 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "l = 10 #line length(m)\n",
+ "Zl = 100 #resistive load(Ohms)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "Bl = (5*math.degrees(math.pi))/4\n",
+ "x = complex(Zl,(Zo*math.tan(Bl)))\n",
+ "y = complex(Zo,(Zl*math.tan(Bl)))\n",
+ "Zi = Zo*(x/y)\n",
+ "Vs = (Zi.real*Zo)/(Zi.real+Zo)\n",
+ "Is = Zo/(Zi.real+Zo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "P = Vs*Is\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Il = math.sqrt(P/Zl)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Current drawn from generator is\",round(Is,3),\"A\" \n",
+ "print \"Power delivered to the load is\",round(P,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Current flowing through the load is\",round(Il,3),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Current drawn from generator is 0.413 A\n",
+ "Power delivered to the load is 48.47 W\n",
+ "Current flowing through the load is 0.696 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.5, Page number 50"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Reflection co-efficient, VSWR\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "zo = 50 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "f = 300*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "zl = complex(50,50) #terminating load(Ohms)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "rho = (zl-zo)/(zl+zo)\n",
+ "phi = cmath.phase(rho)\n",
+ "s = (1+abs(rho))/(1-abs(rho))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Reflection co-efficient =\",round(abs(rho),4),\"with phase =\",round(math.degrees(phi),1)\n",
+ "print \"VSWR =\",round(s,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Reflection co-efficient = 0.4472 with phase = 63.4\n",
+ "VSWR = 2.62\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.6, Page number 50"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate position of the stub,Length of stub \n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Zl = 100. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Zo = 600. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "f = 100*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "l = (lamda*math.atan(math.sqrt(Zl/Zo)))/(2*math.pi)\n",
+ "l_dash = (lamda*math.atan(math.sqrt((Zl*Zo)/(Zo-Zl))))/(2*math.pi)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The position of the stub is\", round(l,3),\"m\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Please note that the solution for l_dash given in the textbook is incorrect\"\n",
+ "print \"Length of stub is\",round(l_dash,3),\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The position of the stub is 0.185 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Please note that the solution for l_dash given in the textbook is incorrect\n",
+ "Length of stub is 0.707 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.7, Page number 50"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Terminating impedance\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "s = 3.2 #VSWR\n",
+ "Xmin = 0.237 #minimum voltage(V)\n",
+ "Zo = 50 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "q = math.tan(math.degrees(2*math.pi*Xmin))\n",
+ "x = complex(1,-(s*q))\n",
+ "y = complex(s, -q)\n",
+ "Zl = Zo*(x/y)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Terminating impedance =\", Zl,\"Ohms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Terminating impedance = (19.6572514629-23.7885950214j) Ohms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.8, Page number 51"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate VSWR,First Vmax is loacted at load and first Vmin is located at,Vmin,Impedance at Vmin\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Zo = 50. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Zl = 100. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "f = 300*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Pl = 50*10**-3 #load power(W)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "rho = (Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo)\n",
+ "s = (1+abs(rho))/(1-abs(rho))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "#Since real Zl>Zo, first Vmax is located at the load\n",
+ "Vmin_pos = lamda/4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Vmax = math.sqrt(Pl*Zl)\n",
+ "Vmin = Vmax/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "Zin_at_Vmin = Zo/s\n",
+ "Zin_at_Vmax = Zo*s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"VSWR = \", s\n",
+ "print \"First Vmax is loacted at load and first Vmin is located at=\", Vmin_pos,\"m from the load\"\n",
+ "print \"Vmax = \",round(Vmax,2),\"V\",\"\\nVmin = \",round(Vmin,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Impedance at Vmin is \", Zin_at_Vmin,\"Ohm and impedance at Vmax is\",Zin_at_Vmax,\"Ohm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "VSWR = 2.0\n",
+ "First Vmax is loacted at load and first Vmin is located at= 250 m from the load\n",
+ "Vmax = 2.24 V \n",
+ "Vmin = 1.12 V\n",
+ "Impedance at Vmin is 25.0 Ohm and impedance at Vmax is 100.0 Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.9, Page number 52"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Reflection loss, transmission loss, return loss\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Zo = 600. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Zs = 50 #source impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "l = 200 #length of line(m)\n",
+ "Zl = 500. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "rho = (Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "ref_l = math.log10(1/(1-((abs(rho))**2)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "#Since, the line is lossless,\n",
+ "att_l = 0\n",
+ "trans_l = ref_l+att_l\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "ret_l = math.log10(abs(rho))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Reflection loss =\",round(ref_l,4),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Transmission loss =\",round(trans_l,4),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Return loss =\",round(ret_l,3),\"dB (Calculation error in the textbook)\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Reflection loss = 0.0036 dB\n",
+ "Transmission loss = 0.0036 dB\n",
+ "Return loss = -1.041 dB (Calculation error in the textbook)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.10, Page number 52"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Characteristic impedance,Phase velocity \n",
+ "\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "l = 10 #length of line(km)\n",
+ "zsc = complex(1895.47,2234.29) \n",
+ "zoc = complex(216.99,-143.37)\n",
+ "f = 1*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "zo = cmath.sqrt(zsc*zoc)\n",
+ "x = cmath.sqrt(zsc/zoc)\n",
+ "t = (1+x)/(1-x)\n",
+ "gamma = cmath.log(t)/(l*2)\n",
+ "B = gamma.imag\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "Vp = w/B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"There is calculation mistake throughout the problem in the textbook\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Characteristic impedance =\",zo,\"Ohms\"\n",
+ "print \"Phase velocity =\",round((Vp/1E+3),3),\"*10^3 m/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "There is calculation mistake throughout the problem in the textbook\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Characteristic impedance = (864.190238563+123.274392427j) Ohms\n",
+ "Phase velocity = 45.994 *10^3 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter04.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter04.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..eabf105e --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter04.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1255 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:90a8210af9bbd341fd0161ae92317cb94b49dff94f57602b89ee58a96a935fea"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter04:Microwave Transmission Lines"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.1, Page number 141"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Inductance per unit lengths,Capacitance per unit lengths,Characteristic Impedance ,Velocity of propagation\n",
+ "#chapter-4 page 141 example 4.1\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "d=0.0049;#Diameter of inner conductor in met \n",
+ "D=0.0110;#Inner Diameter of outer conductor in met\n",
+ "er=2.3;#Polyethylene dielectric\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**8.;#Velocity of Light in m/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "x=math.log(D/d);\n",
+ "L=(2.*10.**(-1.)*x);#Inductance per unit lengths in microH/m\n",
+ "C=(55.56*(er/x));#The Capacitance per unit lengths in picoF/m\n",
+ "R0=(x*(60./math.sqrt(er)));#The Characteristic Impedance in ohms\n",
+ "V=(c/math.sqrt(er))/(10.**8.);#The Velocity of propagation in Km/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s %s %.2f %s %s %.2f %s %s %.3f %s' %('\\nInductance per unit lengths is L=',L,'microH/m' ,'\\nThe Capacitance per unit lengths is C=',C,'picoF/m' ,'\\nThe Characteristic Impedance is R0=',R0,'ohms','\\nThe Velocity of propagation is V=',V,'*10**8 m/s');"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Inductance per unit lengths is L= 0.16 microH/m \n",
+ "The Capacitance per unit lengths is C= 158.02 picoF/m \n",
+ "The Characteristic Impedance is R0= 31.99 ohms \n",
+ "The Velocity of propagation is V= 1.978 *10**8 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.2, Page number 142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Attenuation Constant,Phase Constant ,Phase Velocity,Relative Permittivit,Power Loss\n",
+ "#chapter-4 page 142 example 4.2\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "R=0.05##Resistance in ohm/m\n",
+ "L=0.16173*10.**(-6.)##Inductance per unit lengths in H/m\n",
+ "C=0.15802*10.**(-6.)##The Capacitance per unit lengths in F/m\n",
+ "V=197814.14##The Velocity of propagation in Km/s\n",
+ "l=50.##Length of Coaxial Line in met\n",
+ "Pin=480.##Input Power to the System in watts\n",
+ "f=3.*10.**9.##Frequency in Hz\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**5.##Velocity of Light in Km/sec\n",
+ "e0=8.854*10.**(-12.)##Permittivity in free space in F/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATIONS\n",
+ "Z0=math.sqrt(L/C)#\n",
+ "A=(R/(2.*Z0))##Attenuation Constant in NP/m\n",
+ "w=(2.*(math.pi)*f)##Angular Frequency in rad/sec\n",
+ "B=(w*math.sqrt(L*C))##Phase Constant in rad/m\n",
+ "Vp=(1./math.sqrt(L*C))/(10.**3.)##Phase Velocity in Km/s\n",
+ "er=(((c/V)**2.)/e0)##Relative Permittivity\n",
+ "Pl=(2.*Pin*l)##Power Loss in watts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.3f %s %s %.2f %s %s %.f %s %s %.f %s %.f %s ' %('\\nAttenuation Constant is A=',A,'NP/m','\\nPhase Constant is B=',B,'rad/m','\\nPhase Velocity is Vp=',Vp,'Km/s','\\nRelative Permittivity is er=',er,'\\nPower Loss is Pl=',Pl,'watts')#"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Attenuation Constant is A= 0.025 NP/m \n",
+ "Phase Constant is B= 3013.37 rad/m \n",
+ "Phase Velocity is Vp= 6255 Km/s \n",
+ "Relative Permittivity is er= 259769600965 \n",
+ "Power Loss is Pl= 48000 watts \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.3, Page number 142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-4 page 142 example 4.3\n",
+ "#For an air filled coaxial cable\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "f=9.375*10.**9.##operating frequency in Hz\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**10.##Velocity of Light in cm/sec\n",
+ "print '%s' %('Assuming a ratio of (b/a)=2.3 and (b+a)<(w/pi) to exclude higher order modes and a dominant mode propagating')#\n",
+ "a=0.36432##length of coaxial cable in cm\n",
+ "x=2.3##ratio of b/a\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "w0=(c/f)##free space wavelength in cm\n",
+ "Pbd=(3600.*(a**2.)*math.log(x))##Breakdown power of a coaxial cable in kW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.f %s' %('\\nBreakdown power of a coaxial cable is Pbd=',Pbd,'kW')#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Assuming a ratio of (b/a)=2.3 and (b+a)<(w/pi) to exclude higher order modes and a dominant mode propagating\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Breakdown power of a coaxial cable is Pbd= 398 kW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.4, Page number 142"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Characteristic Impedance, Velocity of propagation\n",
+ "#chapter-4 page 142 example 4.4\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "b=0.3175##Distance between ground planes of strip line in cm\n",
+ "d=0.0539##Diameter of circular conductor in cm\n",
+ "er=2.32##Dielectric Constant \n",
+ "c=3.*10.**8.##Velocity of Light in m/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "Z0=((60./math.sqrt(er))*math.log((4.*b)/(d*(math.pi))))##Characteristic Impedance in ohms\n",
+ "V=(c/math.sqrt(er))/(10.**8.)##The Velocity of propagation in Km/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s %s %.2f %s' %('Characteristic Impedance is Z0=',Z0,'ohms','\\nThe Velocity of propagation is V =',V,'*10**8 m/s')"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Characteristic Impedance is Z0= 79.37 ohms \n",
+ "The Velocity of propagation is V = 1.97 *10**8 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.5, Page number 143"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-4 page 143 example 4.5\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "#For a microstrip transmission line \n",
+ "er=9.7##relative dielectric constant of an alumina substrate \n",
+ "x1=0.5##w/h ratio in first transmission line \n",
+ "x2=5##w/h ratio in second transmission line \n",
+ "c=3.*10.**8.##Velocity of Light in m/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "print '%s' %('For case1: w/h=0.5')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('Since x1=0.5<1, for this we use high impedance analysis')#\n",
+ "Eeff1=(((er+1.)/2.)+((er-1.)/2.)*(1./((math.sqrt(1.+(12./x1)))+(0.04*(1.-x1)**2.))))##Effective dielectric constant\n",
+ "Zo1=((60./math.sqrt(Eeff1))*math.log((8./x1)+(x1/4.)))##Characteristic impedance in ohms\n",
+ "V1=(c/math.sqrt(Eeff1))/10.**8.##Velocity of propagation in 10**8 m/sec\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %s %.1f %s ' %('\\nEffective dielectric constant is Eeff1 =',Eeff1,'\\nCharacteristic impedance is Zo1 =',Zo1,'ohms','\\nVelocity of propagation is V1 =',V1 ,'*10**8 m/sec')#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nFor case2: w/h=5')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('here x2>1')#\n",
+ "Eeff2=(((er+1)/2)+((er-1)/2)*(1/(math.sqrt(1+(12/x2)))))##Effective dielectric constant\n",
+ "Zo2=((120*(math.pi)/math.sqrt(Eeff2))*(1/(x2+1.393+(0.667*math.log(1.444+x2)))))##Characteristic impedance in ohms\n",
+ "V2=(c/math.sqrt(Eeff2))/10**8##Velocity of propagation in 10**8 m/sec\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s %.2f %s %s %.2f %s' %('\\nEffective dielectric constant is Eeff2 =',Eeff2,'\\nCharacteristic impedance is Zo2 =',Zo2,'ohms' ,'\\nVelocity of propagation is V2 =',V2,'*10**8 m/sec')#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "For case1: w/h=0.5\n",
+ "Since x1=0.5<1, for this we use high impedance analysis\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Effective dielectric constant is Eeff1 = 6.22 \n",
+ "Characteristic impedance is Zo1 = 66.90 ohms \n",
+ "Velocity of propagation is V1 = 1.2 *10**8 m/sec \n",
+ "\n",
+ "For case2: w/h=5\n",
+ "here x2>1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Effective dielectric constant is Eeff2 = 7.86 \n",
+ "Characteristic impedance is Zo2 = 17.61 ohms \n",
+ "Velocity of propagation is V2 = 1.07 *10**8 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.6, Page number 144"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Ratio of area of circular to area of rectangular waveguide in case a and case b\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a1 = 1.70645 #for case a\n",
+ "b1 = a1/2 #for case a\n",
+ "b2 = 1.4621 #for case b\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Case a(For TE10 mode)\n",
+ "Area_rw1 = a1*b1\n",
+ "Area_cw1 = math.pi\n",
+ "Ratio1 = Area_cw1/Area_rw1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Case b(For TM mode)\n",
+ "Area_rw2 = b2**2\n",
+ "Area_cw2 = math.pi\n",
+ "Ratio2 = Area_cw2/Area_rw2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Case a\"\n",
+ "print \"Ratio of area of circular to area of rectangular waveguide =\",round(Ratio1,1),\"\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Case b\"\n",
+ "print \"Ratio of area of circular to area of rectangular waveguide =\",round(Ratio2,1)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Case a\n",
+ "Ratio of area of circular to area of rectangular waveguide = 2.2 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Case b\n",
+ "Ratio of area of circular to area of rectangular waveguide = 1.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.7, Page number 146"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate breadth of rectangular waveguide\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 9.*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "lamda_g = 4. #guide wavelength(cm)\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**10 #velocity of propagation(cm/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda_o = c/f\n",
+ "lamda_c = math.sqrt((lamda_o**2)/(1-(lamda_o**2/lamda_g**2)))\n",
+ "#For TE10 mode,\n",
+ "a = lamda_c/2\n",
+ "b = lamda_c/4 #@since a=2b\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The breadth of rectangular waveguide is\",round(b,1),\"cms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The breadth of rectangular waveguide is 1.5 cms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.8, Page number 147"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate cut-off wavelength,guided wavelength,pahse velocity,group velocity\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a = 10 #breadth of waveguide(cms)\n",
+ "f = 2.5*10**9 #frequency of signal(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(cm/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda_c = 2*a #cut-off wavelength\n",
+ "lamda_o = c/f \n",
+ "x = math.sqrt(1-((lamda_o/lamda_c)**2))\n",
+ "lamda_g = (lamda_o/x) #guided wavelength\n",
+ "Vp = c/x #Phase velocity\n",
+ "Vg = c**2/Vp #Group velocity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The cut-off wavelength is\", round(lamda_c),\"cm\"\n",
+ "print \"The guided wavelength is\",round(lamda_g),\"cm\"\n",
+ "print \"The pahse velocity is\",round((Vp/1E+10),2),\"*10^10 cm/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"The group velocity is\",round((Vg/1E+10),2),\"*10^10 cm/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The cut-off wavelength is 20.0 cm\n",
+ "The guided wavelength is 15.0 cm\n",
+ "The pahse velocity is 3.75 *10^10 cm/sec\n",
+ "The group velocity is 2.4 *10^10 cm/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.9, Page number 147"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-4 page 147 example 4.9\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "f=8.6*10.**9.##frequency in Hz\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**10.##Velocity of Light in cm/sec\n",
+ "a=2.5##Length of a Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "b=1.##Width of a Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "print '%s' %('The condition for the wave to propagate along a guide is that wc>w0.')#\n",
+ "w0=c/f##free space wavelength in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.3f' %('\\nFree space wavelength w0 in cm is =',w0)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nFor TE waves, wc=(2ab/sqrt((mb)**2+(na)**2))')#\n",
+ "print '%s ' %('For TE01 waves')#\n",
+ "m1=0#\n",
+ "n1=1.#\n",
+ "wc1=((2.*a*b)/(math.sqrt((m1*b)**2+(n1*a)**2)))##Cutoff wavelength for TE01 mode in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.f' %('\\nCutoff wavelength for TE01 mode in cm is =',wc1)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nSince wc for TE01=2cm is not greater than w0 TE01,will not propagate for TE01 mode.')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('For TE10 waves')#\n",
+ "m2=1.#\n",
+ "n2=0#\n",
+ "wc2=((2.*a*b)/(math.sqrt((m2*b)**2.+(n2*a)**2.)))##Cutoff wavelength for TE10 mode in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.f' %('\\nCutoff wavelength for TE10 mode in cm is =',wc2)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nSince wc TE10 > w0 TE10 is a possible mode.')#\n",
+ "fc=(c/wc2)/10.**9.##Cutoff frequency in GHz\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nFor TE11 and TM11 waves')#\n",
+ "m3=1.#\n",
+ "n3=1.#\n",
+ "wc3=((2.*a*b)/(math.sqrt((m3*b)**2.+(n3*a)**2.)))##Cutoff wavelength for TE11 mode in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.3f' %('Cutoff wavelength for TE11 and TM11 modes in cm is =',wc3)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nAs wc for TE11 and TM11 is < w0 both TE11 and TM11 do not propagate as higher modes.')#\n",
+ "wg=(w0/math.sqrt(1-(w0/wc2)**2))##Guide wavelength in cm\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nFrom the above analysis we conclude that only TE10 mode is possible')#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.f %s %s %.3f %s' %('\\nCutoff frequency is fc=',fc,'GHz','\\nGuide wavelength is wg=',wg,'cm')#"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The condition for the wave to propagate along a guide is that wc>w0.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Free space wavelength w0 in cm is = 3.488\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For TE waves, wc=(2ab/sqrt((mb)**2+(na)**2))\n",
+ "For TE01 waves \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Cutoff wavelength for TE01 mode in cm is = 2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Since wc for TE01=2cm is not greater than w0 TE01,will not propagate for TE01 mode.\n",
+ "For TE10 waves\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Cutoff wavelength for TE10 mode in cm is = 5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Since wc TE10 > w0 TE10 is a possible mode.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For TE11 and TM11 waves\n",
+ "Cutoff wavelength for TE11 and TM11 modes in cm is = 1.857\n",
+ "\n",
+ "As wc for TE11 and TM11 is < w0 both TE11 and TM11 do not propagate as higher modes.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "From the above analysis we conclude that only TE10 mode is possible\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Cutoff frequency is fc= 6 GHz \n",
+ "Guide wavelength is wg= 4.869 cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.10, Page number 148"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate required cross sectional area\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "lamda_c = 10 #cut-off wavelength(cms)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#For TE11 mode in a circular waveguide,\n",
+ "r = (lamda_c*1.841)/(2*math.pi) #radius of circular waveguide(cms)\n",
+ "a = math.pi*r**2 #area of circular waveguide\n",
+ "fc = c/lamda_c #cut-off frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The required cross sectional area is\", round(a,2),\"cms^2\"\n",
+ "print \"Frequencies above\",round((fc/1E+9),2),\"GHz can be propagated throught the waveguide\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The required cross sectional area is 26.97 cms^2\n",
+ "Frequencies above 3.0 GHz can be propagated throught the waveguide\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.11, Page number 149"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-4 page 149 example 4.11\n",
+ "#For a rectangular waveguide\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "f=5.*10.**9.##frequency in Hz\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**10.##Velocity of Light in cm/sec\n",
+ "a=4.##Length of Rectangular Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "b=3.##Width of Rectangular Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "print '%s' %('The condition for the wave to propagate along a guide is that wc>w0.')#\n",
+ "w0=c/f##free space wavelength in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('Free space wavelength w0 in cm is =',w0)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nFor TE waves, wc=(2ab/sqrt((mb)**2+(na)**2))')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('For TE01 waves')#\n",
+ "m1=0#\n",
+ "n1=1.#\n",
+ "wc1=((2.*a*b)/(math.sqrt((m1*b)**2.+(n1*a)**2.)))##Cutoff wavelength for TE01 mode in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.f' %('\\nCutoff wavelength for TE01 mode in cm is =',wc1)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nSince wc for TE01=6cm is not greater than w0 TE01,will not propagate for TE01 mode.')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('For TE10 waves')#\n",
+ "m2=1.#\n",
+ "n2=0#\n",
+ "wc2=((2.*a*b)/(math.sqrt((m2*b)**2.+(n2*a)**2.)))##Cutoff wavelength for TE10 mode in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.f' %('\\nCutoff wavelength for TE10 mode in cm is =',wc2)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nSince wc TE10 > w0 TE10 is a possible mode.')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('For TE11 waves')#\n",
+ "m3=1.#\n",
+ "n3=1.#\n",
+ "wc3=((2.*a*b)/(math.sqrt((m3*b)**2.+(n3*a)**2.)))##Cutoff wavelength for TE11 mode in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f' %('\\nCutoff wavelength for TE11 mode in cm is =',wc3)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nAs wc TE11 < w0 TE11 does not propagate.')#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The condition for the wave to propagate along a guide is that wc>w0.\n",
+ "Free space wavelength w0 in cm is = 6.00\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For TE waves, wc=(2ab/sqrt((mb)**2+(na)**2))\n",
+ "For TE01 waves\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Cutoff wavelength for TE01 mode in cm is = 6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Since wc for TE01=6cm is not greater than w0 TE01,will not propagate for TE01 mode.\n",
+ "For TE10 waves\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Cutoff wavelength for TE10 mode in cm is = 8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Since wc TE10 > w0 TE10 is a possible mode.\n",
+ "For TE11 waves\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Cutoff wavelength for TE11 mode in cm is = 4.8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "As wc TE11 < w0 TE11 does not propagate.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.12, Page number 149"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Cut-off wavelength,Cut-off wavelength,Guide wavelength\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "d = 4 #inner diameter of circular waveguide(cms)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity od propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "fs = 5*10**9 #signal frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "r = d/2 #radius(cms)\n",
+ "lamda_c = (2*math.pi*r)/1.841\n",
+ "fc = c/lamda_c\n",
+ "lamda_o = c/fs\n",
+ "lamda_g = lamda_o/math.sqrt(1-((lamda_o/lamda_c)**2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Cut-off wavelength =\",round(lamda_c,4),\"cms\"\n",
+ "print \"Cut-off frequency =\",round((fc/1E+9),3),\"GHz\"\n",
+ "print \"Guide wavelength =\",round(lamda_g,2),\"cms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Cut-off wavelength = 6.8258 cms\n",
+ "Cut-off frequency = 4.395 GHz\n",
+ "Guide wavelength = 12.58 cms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.13, Page number 150"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Frequency of wave\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a = 6. #length of rectangular waveguide(cms)\n",
+ "b = 4. #breadth of rectangular waveguide(cms)\n",
+ "d = 4.55 #distance between maximum and minimum(cms)\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**10 #velocity of propagation(cm/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#For TE10 mode:\n",
+ "lamda_c = 2*a\n",
+ "lamda_g = d*4\n",
+ "lamda_o = math.sqrt(1./(((1./lamda_g**2)+(1./lamda_c**2))))\n",
+ "f = c/lamda_o\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Frequency of wave is\",round((f/1E+9)),\"GHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequency of wave is 3.0 GHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.14, Page number 151"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Guide wavelength,Phase constant,Phase velocity \n",
+ "#chapter-4 page 151 example 4.14\n",
+ "#For a rectangular waveguide\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "b=2.5##Length of Rectangular Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "a=5.##breadth of Rectangular Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**10.##Velocity of Light in cm/sec\n",
+ "w0=4.5##Free space wavelength in cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "print '%s' %('For a TE10 mode which is the dominant mode')#\n",
+ "wc=2.*a##Cutoff wavelength in cm\n",
+ "wg=(w0/math.sqrt(1.-(w0/wc)**2.))##Guide wavelength in cm\n",
+ "Vp=(c/math.sqrt(1.-(w0/wc)**2.))/10.**10.##Phase Velocity in 10**10 cm/sec\n",
+ "B=((2.*(math.pi)*math.sqrt(wc**2.-w0**2.))/(w0*wc))##Phase constant in radians\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print \"Solutions obtained in the textbook are incorrect due to calculation mistake in lamda_g\"\n",
+ "print '%s %1.5f %s %s %1.3f %s %s %1.2f %s ' %('\\nGuide wavelength is wg =',wg,'cm','\\nPhase constant is B =',B,'radians','\\nPhase Velocity is Vp =',Vp,'*10**10 cm/sec')#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Note: Check the answers once\n",
+ "#Correct answers are\n",
+ "#Guide wavelength is wg = 5.03903 cm \n",
+ "#Phase constant is B = 1.247 radians \n",
+ "#Phase Velocity is Vp = 3.36*10**10 cm/sec"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "For a TE10 mode which is the dominant mode\n",
+ "Solutions obtained in the textbook are incorrect due to calculation mistake in lamda_g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Guide wavelength is wg = 5.03903 cm \n",
+ "Phase constant is B = 1.247 radians \n",
+ "Phase Velocity is Vp = 3.36 *10**10 cm/sec \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.15, Page number 152"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate For any wave to be propagated, the condition to be met is wc>wo\n",
+ "#chapter-4 page 152 example 4.15\n",
+ "wcTE10=16.##Critical wavelength of TE10 mode in cm\n",
+ "wcTM11=7.16##Critical wavelength of TM11 mode in cm\n",
+ "wcTM21=5.6##Critical wavelength of TM21 mode in cm\n",
+ "print '%s' %('For any wave to be propagated, the condition to be met is wc>wo')#\n",
+ "wo1=10.##Free space wavelength in cm\n",
+ "wo2=5.##Free space wavelength in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('Critical wavelength of TE10 mode in cm is =',wcTE10)#\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('Critical wavelength of TM11 mode in cm is =',wcTM11)#\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('Critical wavelength of TM21 mode in cm is =',wcTM21)#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nFor wo1=10cm,\\nThe mode that propagates only TE10. Because wcTE10>wo1 and all other modes that is TM11 TM21 donot propagate')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nFor wo2=5cm')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('wcTE10>wo2, so TE10 mode propagates')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('wcTM11>wo2, so TE11 mode propagates')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('wcTE21>wo2, so TE21 mode propagates')#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "For any wave to be propagated, the condition to be met is wc>wo\n",
+ "Critical wavelength of TE10 mode in cm is = 16.00\n",
+ "Critical wavelength of TM11 mode in cm is = 7.16\n",
+ "Critical wavelength of TM21 mode in cm is = 5.60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For wo1=10cm,\n",
+ "The mode that propagates only TE10. Because wcTE10>wo1 and all other modes that is TM11 TM21 donot propagate\n",
+ "\n",
+ "For wo2=5cm\n",
+ "wcTE10>wo2, so TE10 mode propagates\n",
+ "wcTM11>wo2, so TE11 mode propagates\n",
+ "wcTE21>wo2, so TE21 mode propagates\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.16, Page number 152"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Characteristic Wave Impedance\n",
+ "#chapter-4 page 152 example 4.16\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "n=120.*(math.pi)##Intrinsic Impedance\n",
+ "a=3.##Length of Rectangular Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "b=2.##Width of Rectangular Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "f=10.**10.##Frequency in Hz\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**10.##Velocity of Light in cm/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "wc=((2.*a*b)/math.sqrt(a**2.+b**2.))##Cutoff wavelength in TM11 mode in cms\n",
+ "w0=(c/f)##Free space wavelength in cms\n",
+ "ZTM=(n*math.sqrt(1.-(w0/wc)**2.))##Characteristic Wave Impedance in ohms\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.3f %s ' %('\\nCharacteristic Wave Impedance is ZTM=',ZTM,'ohms')#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Note: Check the given answer once it is wrong\n",
+ "#correct answer is 163.242 ohms"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Characteristic Wave Impedance is ZTM= 163.242 ohms \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.17, Page number 152"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate diameter of waveguide,guide wavelength\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 6.*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**10 #velocity of propagation(cm/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "fc = 0.8*f\n",
+ "lamda_c = c/fc\n",
+ "D = (lamda_c*1.841)/math.pi\n",
+ "lamda_o = c/f\n",
+ "lamda_g = lamda_o/(math.sqrt(1-((lamda_o/lamda_c)**2)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"diameter of waveguide =\",round(D,4),\"cms\"\n",
+ "print \"guide wavelength =\",round(lamda_g,3),\"cms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "diameter of waveguide = 3.6626 cms\n",
+ "guide wavelength = 8.333 cms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.18, Page number 153"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-4 page 153 example 4.18\n",
+ "#For a TE10 mode\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=1.5##Length of an air filled square Waveguide in m\n",
+ "b=1.##breadth of an air filled square Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**10.##Velocity of Light in cm/sec\n",
+ "f=6.*10.**9.##Impressed Frequency in Hz\n",
+ "er=4.##dielectric constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "wc=2.*a##Cutoff wavelength in cm\n",
+ "fc=(c/wc)/10.**9.##Cutoff frequency in GHz\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('Cutoff frequency in GHz is =',fc)#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nThe impressed frequency of 6 GHz is less than the Cutoff frequency and hence the signal will not pass through the guide')#\n",
+ "w=(c/f)##Wavelength in cm\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('\\nAlternatively, the wavelength of the impressed signal in cm is =',w)#\n",
+ "wair=w#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nwhich is longer than the cutoff wavelength (3cm) and hence no propagation of the wave')#\n",
+ "w1=wair/math.sqrt(er)##Wavelength in cm\n",
+ "print '%s' %('If the waveguide is loaded with dielectric of er=4')#\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('\\nthen the wavelength in cm is =',w1)\n",
+ "print '%s' %('\\nwhich is lessthan wair')#\n",
+ "print '%s' %('Now the signal with 6 GHz frequency will pass through the dielectric loaded waveguide')#"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Cutoff frequency in GHz is = 10.00\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The impressed frequency of 6 GHz is less than the Cutoff frequency and hence the signal will not pass through the guide\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Alternatively, the wavelength of the impressed signal in cm is = 5.00\n",
+ "\n",
+ "which is longer than the cutoff wavelength (3cm) and hence no propagation of the wave\n",
+ "If the waveguide is loaded with dielectric of er=4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "then the wavelength in cm is = 2.50\n",
+ "\n",
+ "which is lessthan wair\n",
+ "Now the signal with 6 GHz frequency will pass through the dielectric loaded waveguide\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 18
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.19, Page number 153"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate amount of attenuation\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a = 1.5*10**-2 #length of rectangular waveguide(m)\n",
+ "b = 1 #breadth of rectangular waveguide(cms)\n",
+ "f = 6*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "m = 1\n",
+ "n = 0\n",
+ "mu = 4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+ "e = 8.854*10**-12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#For dominant TE10 mode,\n",
+ "lamda_c = 2*a\n",
+ "fc = c/lamda_c\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "alpha = math.sqrt((((m*math.pi)/a)**2)+(((n*math.pi)/b)**2)- ((w**2)*mu*e))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The amount of attenuation is\",round(alpha,1),\"nepass/m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The amount of attenuation is 167.5 nepass/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 19
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.20, Page number 154"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate The maximum power handling capacity of the waveguide\n",
+ "#chapter-4 page 154 example 4.20\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=3.##Length of Rectangular Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "b=1.##Width of Rectangular Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "f=9.*10.**9.##Frequency in Hz in TE10 mode\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**10.##Velocity of Light in cm/sec\n",
+ "Emax=3000.##Max potential gradient in V/cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "w0=(c/f)##Free space wavelength in cms\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('Free space Wavelength in cm is =',w0)#\n",
+ "wc=2.*a##Cutoff wavelength in TE10 mode in cms\n",
+ "wg=(w0/math.sqrt(1.-(w0/wc)**2.))##Guide wavelength in cms\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f' %('Guide Wavelength in cm is =',wg)#\n",
+ "P=((6.63*10.**(-4.))*(Emax**2.)*a*b*(w0/wg))/1000.##Power handling capability of the waveguide in kW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s'%('\\nSolution obtained in the textbook is incorrect due to rounding off the actual value of lamda_g')\n",
+ "print '%s %3.3f %s' %('\\nPower handling capability of the waveguide is P=',P,'kW')#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Free space Wavelength in cm is = 3.33\n",
+ "Guide Wavelength in cm is = 4.01\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Solution obtained in the textbook is incorrect due to rounding off the actual value of lamda_g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Power handling capability of the waveguide is P= 14.884 kW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.21, Page number 154"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Maximum power\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 9*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "d = 5 #internal diameter(cms)\n",
+ "Emax = 300 #maximum field strength(V/cm)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda_o = c/f\n",
+ "#For domnant mode TE11,\n",
+ "lamda_c = (math.pi*d)/1.841\n",
+ "lamda_g = lamda_o/math.sqrt(1-((lamda_o/lamda_c)**2))\n",
+ "Pmax = 0.490*(Emax**2)*(d**2)*(lamda_o/lamda_g)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Maximum power =\",round((Pmax/1E+6),3),\"*10^6 W\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum power = 1.032 *10^6 W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 21
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.22, Page number 155"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-4 page 155 example 4.22\n",
+ "#calculate The Peak value of Electric field occuring in the guide\n",
+ "#For an air filled square waveguide\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=0.01##Length of an air filled square Waveguide in m\n",
+ "b=0.01##breadth of an air filled square Waveguide in m\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**8.##Velocity of Light in m/sec\n",
+ "f=30.*10.**9.##Frequency in Hz in TE11 mode\n",
+ "Pmax=746.##Max power =1 horsepower in W\n",
+ "n=120.*(math.pi)##Impedance of freespace in ohms\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "w0=(c/f)##Free space wavelength in m\n",
+ "wc=2.*a##Cutoff wavelength in m\n",
+ "ZTE=(n/math.sqrt(1.-(w0/wc)**2.))##Impedance in ohms\n",
+ "Emax=(math.sqrt((Pmax*4*ZTE)/(a*b)))/1000.##The Peak value of Electric field occuring in the guide in kV/m\n",
+ "#From P=(1/2)*Integration(Re(E*H))da\n",
+ "#and Pmax=(1/(4*ZTE))*Emax**2*a*b\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s' %('\\nThe Peak value of Electric field occuring in the guide is Emax=',Emax,'kV/m')#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "The Peak value of Electric field occuring in the guide is Emax= 113.97 kV/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 22
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.23, Page number 155"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Breakdown power\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a = 2.3 #length of rectangular waveguide(cms)\n",
+ "b = 1.0 #breadth of rectangular waveguide(cms)\n",
+ "f = 9.375*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda_o = c/f\n",
+ "x = (1-((lamda_o/(2*a))**2))**0.5\n",
+ "Pbd = 597*a*b*x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"calculation error\"\n",
+ "print \"\\nBreakdown power =\",round(Pbd,2),\"W\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "calculation error\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Breakdown power = 986.41 W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 4.24, Page number 156"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Breakdown power\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "d = 5. #internal diameter(cms)\n",
+ "a = d/2\n",
+ "f = 9.*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**10 #velocity of propagation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda_o = c/f\n",
+ "lamda_c = (math.pi*d)/1.841\n",
+ "fc = c/lamda_c\n",
+ "x = (1 - ((fc/f)**2))**0.5\n",
+ "Pbd = 1790.*a*a*x\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown power =\",round((Pbd/1E+3),3),\"kW\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Breakdown power = 10.298 kW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter05.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter05.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..0c7ab714 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter05.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:da3f0d89152a41cee5e69bb72810cbf709f6002aabb5d20615441a6c713ff653"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter05:Cavity Resonators"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.1, Page number 174"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate minimum distance between two plates\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a = 3 #radius of circular waveguide(cm)\n",
+ "fo = 10*10**9 #frequency for TM011 mode(Hz)\n",
+ "P01 = 2.405\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of proapagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "d = math.sqrt((math.pi**2)/(((4*math.pi**2)/9)-((P01/a)**2)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The minimum distance between two plates is\",round(d,2),\"cms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The minimum distance between two plates is 1.62 cms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.2, Page number 174"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate lowest resonating frequency of a circular resonator\n",
+ "a = 2.\n",
+ "b = 1.\n",
+ "d = 3.\n",
+ "#For dominant mode TE101,\n",
+ "m = 1.\n",
+ "n = 0\n",
+ "p = 1.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "fo = (c/2)*(((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2+(p/d)**2))**0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The lowest resonating frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9)),\"Ghz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The lowest resonating frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator is 9.0 Ghz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.3, Page number 175"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate resonating frequency of a circular resonator\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "D = 12.5 #diameter of resonator(cm)\n",
+ "d = 5 #length of resonator(cm)\n",
+ "P01 = 2.405 #dominant mode TM01\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#For TM012 mode,\n",
+ "m = 1\n",
+ "n = 0\n",
+ "p = 2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a = D/2\n",
+ "fo = (c/(2*math.pi))*((P01/a)**2+((p*math.pi)/d)**2)**0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The resonanat frequency of a circular resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9),2),\"GHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The resonanat frequency of a circular resonator is 6.27 GHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.4, Page number 175"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate lowest resonating frequency of a circular resonator\n",
+ "a = 3.\n",
+ "b = 2.\n",
+ "d = 4.\n",
+ "#For dominant mode TE101,\n",
+ "m = 1.\n",
+ "n = 0\n",
+ "p = 1.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "fo = (c/2)*(((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2+(p/d)**2))**0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The lowest resonating frequency of a circular resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9),2),\"Ghz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The lowest resonating frequency of a circular resonator is 6.25 Ghz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter06.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter06.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..ee74a6cb --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter06.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,479 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:4e82c096f59276d07f565f054e36b76b972f48192010c629f646cb460b6d633f" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "chapter06:Microwave components" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.2, Page number 234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Chapter-6, Example 6.2, Page 234\n", + "#=============================================================================\n", + "#Input parameters\n", + "#[s]=[0,(0.3+(%i)*(0.4));(0.3+(%i)*(0.4)),0];#scattering matrix of a two port\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#to find l such that S12 and S21 will be real when port1 is shifted lm to the left\n", + "#let port 1 be shifted by phi1 degree to the left and port2 position be remained unchanged i.e.,phi2=delta\n", + "#Then [phi]=[e**-(j*phi1),0;0,1]\n", + "#[S']=[phi]*[s]*[phi]\n", + "#for S12 and S21 to be real\n", + "import math\n", + "phi1=53.13;#in degrees\n", + "phi1=phi1*(math.pi/180);#phi in radians\n", + "b=34.3;#measured in rad/m\n", + "l=(phi1)/b;#distance of shift in m\n", + "#Output\n", + "print \"distance that the position of part1 should be shifted to the left so that S21 and S12 will be real numbers is (m) = \",round(l,3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "distance that the position of part1 should be shifted to the left so that S21 and S12 will be real numbers is (m) = 0.027\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.3, Page number 236" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Chapter-6, Example 6.3, Page 236\n", + "#=============================================================================\n", + "import math\n", + "import numpy\n", + "from math import sqrt\n", + "#Input parameters\n", + "D=30.;#directivity in dB\n", + "VSWR=1.;#VSWR at each port under matched conditions\n", + "C=10.;#coupling factor\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "S41=sqrt(0.1);\n", + "S14=S41;#under matched and lossless conditions\n", + "S31=sqrt(((S41)**2)/(10)**(D/10));\n", + "S13=S31;\n", + "S11=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1);\n", + "S22=S11;\n", + "S33=S22;\n", + "S44=S33;\n", + "#let input power is given at port1 \n", + "#p1=p2+P3+p4\n", + "S21=sqrt(1-(S41)**2-(S31)**2);\n", + "S12=S21;\n", + "S34=sqrt((0.5)*(1+(S12)**2-0.1-0.0001));\n", + "S43=S34\n", + "S23=sqrt(1-10**-4-(S34)**2)\n", + "S32=S23;\n", + "S24=sqrt(1-0.1-(S34)**2)\n", + "S42=S24;\n", + "S=numpy.matrix([[S11,S12,S13,S14],[S21,S22,S23,S24],[S31,S32,S33,S34],[S41,S42,S43,S44]]);\n", + "#Output\n", + "print \"The scattering matrix is\"\n", + "print S\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The scattering matrix is\n", + "[[ 0. 0.94863059 0.01 0.31622777]\n", + " [ 0.94863059 0. 0.31622777 0.01 ]\n", + " [ 0.01 0.31622777 0. 0.94863059]\n", + " [ 0.31622777 0.01 0.94863059 0. ]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.4, Page number 238" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Chapter-6, Example 6.4, Page 238\n", + "#=============================================================================\n", + "import numpy\n", + "#Input parameters\n", + "a1=32*10**-3;#power in watts\n", + "a2=0;\n", + "a3=0;\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "S=numpy.array([[0.5,-0.5,0.707],[-0.5,0.5,0.707],[0.707,0.707,0]]);#S-matrix for H-plane tee\n", + "X=numpy.array([[a1,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]);\n", + "#[B]=[b1,b2,b3]\n", + "B =S*X\n", + "b1=(0.5)**2*a1;#power at port 1\n", + "b2=(-0.5)**2*a1;#power at port 2\n", + "b3=(0.707)**2*a1;#power at port 3\n", + "#Output\n", + "print \"Thus b1,b2,b3 are\",b1,\"W,\",b2,\"W,\",round(b3,5),\"W respectively\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Thus b1,b2,b3 are 0.008 W, 0.008 W, 0.016 W respectively\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.5, Page number 239" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Chapter-6, Example 6.5, Page 239\n", + "#=============================================================================\n", + "\n", + "#Input parameters\n", + "S=([[0.5,-0.5,0.707],[-0.5,0.5,0.707],[0.707,0.707,0]]);\n", + "R1=60.;#load at port1 in ohms\n", + "R2=75.;#load at port2 in ohms\n", + "R3=50.;#characteristic impedance in ohms\n", + "P3=20*10**-3;#power at port 3 in Watts\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p1=(R1-R3)/(R1+R3);\n", + "p2=(R2-R3)/(R2+R3);\n", + "P1=0.5*P3*(1-(p1)**2);#power delivered to the port1 in Watts\n", + "P2=0.5*P3*(1-(p2)**2);#power delivered to the port2 in Watts\n", + "#Output\n", + "print \"Thus power delivered to the port1 and port2 are\",round(P1,5), \"W,\",P2,\" W respectively\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Thus power delivered to the port1 and port2 are 0.00992 W, 0.0096 W respectively\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.7, Page number 240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Calculate\n", + "from numpy import array\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Il=0.5 #inserion loss(dB)\n", + "Is = 30 #isolation loss(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#Il = -20log(S21)\n", + "S21 = 10**(-Il/20)\n", + "#Is = -20log(S12)\n", + "S12 = 10**(-Is/20)\n", + "#Perfectly matched ports\n", + "S11=0\n", + "S22=0\n", + "\n", + "S = array([[S11,S12],[S21,S22]])\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The scattering matrix is:\\n\",S\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The scattering matrix is:\n", + "[[ 0. 0.01 ]\n", + " [ 0.94406088 0. ]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.9, Page number 241" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Chapter-6, Example 6.9, Page 241\n", + "#=============================================================================\n", + "\n", + "#Input parameters\n", + "ins=0.5;#insertion loss in db\n", + "iso=20;#isolation loss in db\n", + "S=2;#VSWR \n", + "#Calculations\n", + "S21=10**-(ins/20.);#insertion loss=0.5=-20*log[S21]\n", + "S13=S21;\n", + "S32=S13;\n", + "S12=10**-(iso/20.);#isolation loss=30=-20*log[s12]\n", + "S23=S12;\n", + "S31=S23;\n", + "p=(S-1)/(S+1);\n", + "S11=p;\n", + "S22=p;\n", + "S33=p;\n", + "S=([[S11,S12,S13],[S21,S22,S23],[S31,S32,S33]]);\n", + "print S\n", + "#for a perfectly matched,non-reciprocal,lossless 3-port circulator,[S] is given by\n", + "#[S]=[0,0,S13;S21,0,0;,0,S32,0]\n", + "#i.e.,S13=S21=S32=1\n", + "#[S]=[0,0,1;1,0,0;0,1,0]" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[0, 0.1, 0.9440608762859234], [0.9440608762859234, 0, 0.1], [0.1, 0.9440608762859234, 0]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.10, Page number 242" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Calculate The output power at the port\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "Pi = 90. #power source(W)\n", + "C = 20 #dB\n", + "D = 35 #dB\n", + "Is = 0.5 #insertion loss(dB)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "#C = 20=10log(Pi/Pf)\n", + "Pf = Pi/(10**(20./10.))\n", + "#D=350=10log(Pf/Pb)\n", + "Pb = Pf/(10**(35./10.))\n", + "Pr = Pi-Pf-Pb #received power\n", + "Pr_db = 10*math.log10(Pi/Pr)\n", + "Pr_dash=Pr_db-Is\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The output power at the port is\",round(Pr_dash,3),\"dB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The output power at the port is -0.456 dB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.11, Page number 243" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Chapter-6, Example 6.11, Page 242\n", + "#=============================================================================\n", + "import math\n", + "import cmath\n", + "from math import sin\n", + "from math import cos,log10\n", + "#Calculations\n", + "S13=0.1*(cos(90*math.pi/180.)+(1j)*sin(90*math.pi/180.));#conversion from polar to rectangular\n", + "S13=abs(S13);\n", + "C=-20*log10(S13);#coupling coefficient in dB\n", + "S14=0.05*(cos(90*math.pi/180.)+(1j)*sin(90*math.pi/180.));#conversion from polar to rectangular\n", + "S14=abs(S14);\n", + "D=20*log10(S13/S14);#directivity in dB\n", + "I=-20*log10(S14);#isolation in dB\n", + "print \"Thus coupling,directivity and isolation are\",C,\" dB\",round(D,1),\"dB and\",round(I,0),\"dB respetively \"\n", + " " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Thus coupling,directivity and isolation are 20.0 dB 6.0 dB and 26.0 dB respetively \n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.12, Page number 244" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Calculate VSWR\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Variable declaration\n", + "lamda2 = 3.5 #distance between 2 minimas(cm)\n", + "lamda_g = 7 #guided wavelength(cm)\n", + "d2_1 = 2.5*10**-1 #distance between minimum power points(cm)\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "S = lamda_g/(math.pi*d2_1)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"VSWR =\",round(S,4)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "VSWR = 8.9127\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.13, Page number 244" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#calculate Phase shift introduced\n", + "#chapter-6 page 244 example 6.13\n", + "import math\n", + "wg=7.2##guide wavelength in cm\n", + "x=10.5##Position of reference null without the waveguide component in cm\n", + "y=9.3##Position of reference null with the waveguide component in cm\n", + "\n", + "#CALCULATION\n", + "z=x-y##Path difference introduced due to the component in cm\n", + "p=(2.*(math.pi)*(z/wg))##Phase difference introduced in rad\n", + "Pd=(p*180.)/(math.pi)##Phase shift introduced in deg\n", + "\n", + "#OUTPUT\n", + "print '%s %.2f %s' %('\\nPhase shift introduced is Pd=',Pd,'deg')#\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "Phase shift introduced is Pd= 60.00 deg\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter07.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter07.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..251aabef --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter07.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:ea57204c71725b24fd5e19dcadce0d03f6181962151b0fccf8c6b17f9528b683"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter07:Microwave Measurements"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.1, Page number 278"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate VSWR\n",
+ "#chapter-7 page 278 example 7.1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=4.##Length of Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "b=2.5##breadth Waveguide in cm\n",
+ "f=10.**10.##Frequency in Hz\n",
+ "x=0.1##distance between twice minimum power points in cm\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**10.##Velocity of Light in cm/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "wc=2.*a##Cutoff wavelength in TE10 mode in cms\n",
+ "w0=(c/f)##Free space wavelength in cms\n",
+ "wg=(w0/math.sqrt(1-(w0/wc)**2.))##Guide wavelength in cms\n",
+ "S=(wg/(x*(math.pi)))##Voltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR) for double minimum method\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.1f' %('\\nFor double minimum method, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR) is S=',S)#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "For double minimum method, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR) is S= 10.3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.2, Page number 279"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate reflected power and VSWR\n",
+ "#chapter-7 page 279 example 7.2\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "x=3##O/P incident power from first directional coupler in mW\n",
+ "y=0.1##O/P reflected power from second directional coupler in mW\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "Pi=x*100.##Incident Power in mW\n",
+ "Pr=y*100.##Reflected Power in mW\n",
+ "p=math.sqrt(Pr/Pi)##Reflection Coefficient\n",
+ "S=((1+p)/(1-p))##Voltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.f %s %s %.2f' %('\\nReflected Power is Pr=',Pr,'mW','\\nVoltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR)in the main waveguide is S=',S)#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Reflected Power is Pr= 10 mW \n",
+ "Voltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR)in the main waveguide is S= 1.45\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.3, Page number 279"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate VSWR\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Pr = 0.15*10**-3 #reflected power(W)\n",
+ "Pi = 2.5*10**-3 #incident power(W)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "rho = math.sqrt(Pr/Pi)\n",
+ "s = (1+rho)/(1-rho)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"VSWR =\",round(s,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "VSWR = 1.65\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 7.4, Page number 279"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate reflected power\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "s = 2. #VSWR\n",
+ "Pi = 4.5*10**-3*1000 #incident power(W)\n",
+ "c = 30 #couplers\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#s = (1+rho)/(1-rho)\n",
+ "rho = (s-1)/(s+1)\n",
+ "Pr = rho**2*Pi\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Reflected power =\",Pr,\"W\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Reflected power = 0.5 W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter08.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter08.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..bbd68684 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter08.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,966 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:d439d067395b74774cf6c48eee6faf76e1ea4d6facd8e7473f6ce6c6bc2e5f25"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter08:Microwave Tubes and Circuits"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.1, Page number 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate dc electron velocity,dc Phase Constant,Plasma Frequency,Reduced Plasma Frequency,dc beam current density,instantaneous beam current density \n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 14.5*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "i = 1.4 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 10*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "rho_o = 10**-6 #dc electron charge density(c/m^3)\n",
+ "rho = 10**-8 #RF charge density(c/m^3)\n",
+ "V = 10**5 #velocity perturbations(m/s)\n",
+ "eo = 8.854*10**-12\n",
+ "R = 0.4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo) #dc electron velocity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "w = 2.*math.pi*f\n",
+ "ip = w/vo #dc phase current\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "wp = math.sqrt((1.759*10**11*rho_o)/eo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "wq = R*wp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part e\n",
+ "Jo = rho_o * vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part f\n",
+ "J = rho*vo+rho_o*V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc phase curent =\",round(ip,2),\"rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
+ "print \"plasma frequency =\",round((wp/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Reduced plasma frequency =\",round((wq/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc beam current density =\",round(Jo,1), \"A/m^2\"\n",
+ "print \"instantaeneous beam current density =\",round(J,3),\"A/m^2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "dc electron velocity = 0.714 *10**8 m/sec\n",
+ "dc phase curent = 879.92 rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
+ "plasma frequency = 1.41 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
+ "Reduced plasma frequency = 0.564 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
+ "dc beam current density = 71.4 A/m^2\n",
+ "instantaeneous beam current density = 0.814 A/m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.2, Page number 337"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate input rms voltage,output rms voltage,output power\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Av = 15. #voltage gain(dB)\n",
+ "Pin = 5*10**-3 #input power(W)\n",
+ "Rsh_in = 30*10**3 #Rsh of input cavity(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rsh_out = 20.*10**3 #Rsh of output cavity(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rl = 40*10**4 #load impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "V1 = math.sqrt(Pin*Rsh_in) #input rms voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "#Av = 20log(V2/V1) db\n",
+ "V2 = V1*10**(Av/20) #deriving V2 from above equation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Pout = (V2**2)/Rsh_out #output power\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"input rms voltage =\",round(V1,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"output rms voltage =\",round(V2,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"output power =\",round((Pout/1E-3),1),\"mW\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "input rms voltage = 12.25 V\n",
+ "output rms voltage = 68.87 V\n",
+ "output power = 237.2 mW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.3, Page number 338"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate input power output power,efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n = 2 #no. of modes\n",
+ "Vo = 300 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 20*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "J1X = 1.25\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Pdc = Vo*Io #input power\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Pac = (2*Pdc*J1X)/(2*math.pi*n-(math.pi/2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "N = (Pac/Pdc)*100. #efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Input power =\",round(Pdc,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Output power =\",round(Pac,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Efficiency =\",round(N,1),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input power = 6.0 W\n",
+ "Output power = 1.36 W\n",
+ "Efficiency = 22.7 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.4, Page number 338"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Electron velocity,dc transit time of electrons,Maximum input voltage,Volatge gain\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Varaible declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 900 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 30*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "d = 1*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
+ "L = 4*10**-2 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
+ "Rsh = 40*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582\n",
+ "X = 1.841\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "To = L/vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "theta_o = w*To\n",
+ "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
+ "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2)\n",
+ "V1_max = (Vo*3.68)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "Ro = Vo/Io\n",
+ "Av = ((Bo**2)*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Ro*X)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+6),2),\"*10**6 m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc transit time of electrons =\",round((To/1E-8),3),\"*10**-8 sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Maximum input voltage =\",round(V1_max,3),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Volatge gain =\",round(Av,3),\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Electron velocity = 17.79 *10**6 m/sec\n",
+ "dc transit time of electrons = 0.225 *10**-8 sec\n",
+ "Maximum input voltage = 41.923 V\n",
+ "Volatge gain = 23.278 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.5, Page number 339"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate input microwave voltage V1 in order to generate maximum output voltage, \n",
+ "#Calculate voltage gain,efficiency of the amplifier neglecting beam loading, beam loading conductance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 1200. #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 28*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "d = 1*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
+ "L = 4.*10**-2 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
+ "Rsh = 40*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582\n",
+ "X = 1.841\n",
+ "Go = 23.3*10**-6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "theta_o = (w*L)/vo\n",
+ "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
+ "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2)\n",
+ "V1_max = (Vo*3.68)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Ro = Vo/Io\n",
+ "Av = ((Bo**2)*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Ro*X)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "V2 = 2*Io*J1X*Bo*Rsh\n",
+ "N = ((0.58*V2)/Vo)*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "Gb = (Go*((Bo**2)-(Bo*math.cos(theta_g))))/2\n",
+ "Rb = 1/Gb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The input microwave voltage V1 in order to generate maximum output voltage is\",round(V1_max,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"The voltage gain (reflecting beam loading in the output cavity) is\",round(Av,3)\n",
+ "print \"The efficiency of the amplifier neglecting beam loading is\",round(N,2),\"%\" \n",
+ "print \"The beam loading conductance is\",round((Rb/1E+3)),\"K Ohms\"\n",
+ "print \"The value of\",round((Rb/1E+3)),\"K Ohms is very much comparable to Rsh and cannot be neglected because theta_g is quite high\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The input microwave voltage V1 in order to generate maximum output voltage is 58.71 V\n",
+ "The voltage gain (reflecting beam loading in the output cavity) is 17.058\n",
+ "The efficiency of the amplifier neglecting beam loading is 48.43 %\n",
+ "The beam loading conductance is 73.0 K Ohms\n",
+ "The value of 73.0 K Ohms is very much comparable to Rsh and cannot be neglected because theta_g is quite high\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.6, Page number 341"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate value of repeller voltage,dc necesaary to give the microwave gap of voltage of 200V,elctron efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 500. #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Rsh = 20*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "L = 1.*10**-3 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
+ "n = 2\n",
+ "e_m = 1.759*10**11\n",
+ "V1 = 200\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "x = (e_m*((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2))**2)/(8*(w**2)*(L**2))\n",
+ "y = math.sqrt(Vo/x)\n",
+ "Vr = y+Vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Bo = 1 #Assumption\n",
+ "Io = V1/(2*J1X*Rsh)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "theta_o = (w*2*L*vo)/(e_m*(Vr+Vo))\n",
+ "Bi = 1 #Assumption\n",
+ "X_dash = (V1*theta_o)/(2*Vo)\n",
+ "X = 1.51 #from graph\n",
+ "J1X = 0.84\n",
+ "N = ((2*J1X)/((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2)))*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The value of repeller voltage is\",round(Vr,2),\"V (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
+ "print \"The dc necesaary to give the microwave gap of voltage of 200V is\",round((Io/1E-3),2),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"The elctron efficiency is\", round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The value of repeller voltage is 1189.36 V (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
+ "The dc necesaary to give the microwave gap of voltage of 200V is 8.59 mA\n",
+ "The elctron efficiency is 15.28 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.7, Page number 342"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate efficiency of the reflex klystron,total power output,elctron efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n = 1 #no. of modes\n",
+ "Pdc = 40*10**-3 #input power(W)\n",
+ "V1_Vo = 0.278 #ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "N = (V1_Vo*3*math.pi)/4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b \n",
+ "Pout = (8.91*Pdc)/100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Pl = (Pout*80)/100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The efficiency of the reflex klystron is\",round(N,3)\n",
+ "print \"The total power output is\",round((Pout/1E-3),3),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"The power delivered to the load is\",round((Pl/1E-3),2),\"W\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The efficiency of the reflex klystron is 0.655\n",
+ "The total power output is 3.564 W\n",
+ "The power delivered to the load is 2.85 W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.8, Page number 343"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Hull cut-off voltage,Cut-off magnetic flux density,Cyclotron frequency\n",
+ "#chapter-8 page 342 example 8.8\n",
+ "#For a circular magnetron\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "a=0.15##inner radius in m\n",
+ "b=0.45##outer radius in m\n",
+ "B=1.2*10**(-3)##magnetic flux density in Wb/sqm\n",
+ "x=1.759*10**11##Value of e/m in C/kg\n",
+ "V=6000.##beam voltage in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "V0=((x/8.)*(B**2.)*(b**2.)*(1.-(a/b)**2.)**2.)/1000.##Hull cut-off voltage in kV\n",
+ "Bc=((math.sqrt(8.*(V/x)))/(b*(1.-(a/b)**2.)))*1000.##Cut-off magnetic flux density in mWb/sqm\n",
+ "fc=((x*B)/(2.*(math.pi)))/10.**9.##Cyclotron frequency in GHz\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %2.3f %s %s %3.3f %s %s %.4f %s' %('\\nHull cut-off voltage is V0=',V0,'kV','\\nCut-off magnetic flux density is Bc=',Bc,'mWb/sqm','\\nCyclotron frequency is fc=',fc,'GHz')#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Check the answers once \n",
+ "#Correct answers are\n",
+ "#Hull cut-off voltage is V0=5.066 kV\n",
+ "#Cut-off magnetic flux density is Bc=1.305953 mWb/sqm \n",
+ "#Cyclotron frequency is fc=0.0336 GHz \n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Hull cut-off voltage is V0= 5.066 kV \n",
+ "Cut-off magnetic flux density is Bc= 1.306 mWb/sqm \n",
+ "Cyclotron frequency is fc= 0.0336 GHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.9, Page number 343"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Axial phase velocity, anode voltage\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "d = 2*10**-3 #diameter of helical TWT(m)\n",
+ "n = 50. #no. of turns per cm\n",
+ "v = 3*10**8 #velocity of light(m/s)\n",
+ "m = 9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron\n",
+ "e = 1.6*10**-19 #charge on electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "p = 1/n*10**-2 #pitch(m)\n",
+ "c = math.pi*d #circumference(m)\n",
+ "Vp = (v*p)/c \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vo = (m*(Vp**2))/(2*e)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Axial phase velociity =\",round(Vp,2),\"m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Anode voltage =\",round(Vo,2),\"V(Calculation mistake in the textbook)\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Axial phase velociity = 9549296.59 m/sec\n",
+ "Anode voltage = 259.32 V(Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.10, Page number 344"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate dc electron velocity,Transit time,Input voltage,Voltage gain \n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 900 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 30.*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 8.*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "d = 1.*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
+ "L = 4.*10**-2 #spacing between centres of cavity(m)\n",
+ "Rsh = 40.*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Tt = d/vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
+ "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2) #Beam coupling coefficient\n",
+ "theta_o = (w*L)/vo #dc transit angle\n",
+ "#For maximum o/p volltage,\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582\n",
+ "X = 1.841\n",
+ "V1max = (2*Vo*X)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "Av = (Bo**2*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Io*X)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+7),1),\"*10**7 m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Transit time =\",round((Tt/1E-10),2),\"*10^-10 s\"\n",
+ "print \"Input voltage for maximum output voltage =\",round(V1max,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Voltage gain =\",round((Av/1E+6),2),\"dB\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "dc electron velocity = 1.8 *10**7 m/sec\n",
+ "Transit time = 0.56 *10^-10 s\n",
+ "Input voltage for maximum output voltage = 41.95 V\n",
+ "Voltage gain = 23.28 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.11, Page number 345"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate dc electron velocity,dc phase constant,plasma frequency ,Reduced plasma frequency ,dc beam current density,instantaeneous beam current density\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 20*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 2 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 9*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "rho_o = 10**-6 #dc electron charge density(c/m^3)\n",
+ "rho = 10**-8 #RF charge density(c/m^3)\n",
+ "V = 10**5 #velocity perturbations(m/s)\n",
+ "eo = 8.854*10**-12\n",
+ "R = 0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.59*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "w = 2.*math.pi*f\n",
+ "ip = w/vo #dc phase current\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "wp = math.sqrt((1.759*10**11*rho_o)/eo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "wq = R*wp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part e\n",
+ "Jo = rho_o * vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part f\n",
+ "J = rho*vo-rho_o*V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+7),3),\"*10**7 m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc phase constant =\",round(ip,2),\"rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
+ "print \"plasma frequency =\",round((wp/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Reduced plasma frequency =\",round((wq/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc beam current density =\",round(Jo,2), \"A/m^2\"\n",
+ "print \"instantaeneous beam current density =\",round(J,4),\"A/m^2\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "dc electron velocity = 8.344 *10**7 m/sec\n",
+ "dc phase constant = 677.73 rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
+ "plasma frequency = 1.41 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
+ "Reduced plasma frequency = 0.705 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
+ "dc beam current density = 83.44 A/m^2\n",
+ "instantaeneous beam current density = 0.7344 A/m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.12, Page number 345"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Transit angle \n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 5*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Vo = 1000 #operating voltage(V)\n",
+ "n = 1.75 #no. of turns\n",
+ "Vr = -500 #repeller voltage(V)\n",
+ "d = 2*10**-3 #cavity gap(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "uo = 5.93*10**5*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "theta_g = (w*d)/uo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Transit angle =\",round(theta_g,3),\"radians\"\n",
+ "print \"\\nThe length of drift region cannot be computed as the value of F is not given\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Transit angle = 3.351 radians\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The length of drift region cannot be computed as the value of F is not given\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.13, Page number 346"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Input RF voltage ,Voltage gain ,efficiency \n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "f = 10*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Vo = 1200 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 30*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "d = 1*10**-3 #diameter(m)\n",
+ "Rsh = 40*10**3 #shunt resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "L = 4*10**-2 #length(m)\n",
+ "X = 1.84\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.59*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "theta_o = (w*L)/vo\n",
+ "V1 = (2*X*Vo)/theta_o\n",
+ "theta_g = (theta_o*d)/L\n",
+ "Bi = (math.sin(theta_g/2))/(theta_g/2)\n",
+ "V1max = V1/Bi\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "J1X = 0.58 #from table\n",
+ "I2 = 2*Io*J1X\n",
+ "V2 = Bi*I2*Rsh\n",
+ "A = V2/V1\n",
+ "Av = 20*math.log10(A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "N = ((0.58*V2)/Vo)*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Input RF voltage is\",round(V1max,3),\"V\" \n",
+ "print \"Voltage gain is\",round(Av,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"efficiency is\",round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input RF voltage is 55.231 V\n",
+ "Voltage gain is 28.03 dB\n",
+ "efficiency is 43.75 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.14, Page number 347"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Cyclotron angular frequency,Hull cut-off voltage,Cut-off magnetic flux density\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 30*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 80 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "Bo = 0.01 #Wb/m**2\n",
+ "a = 4*10**-2 #length of magnetron(m)\n",
+ "b = 8*10**-2 #breadth of magnetron(m)\n",
+ "e = 1.6*10**-19 #charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "m = 9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "w = (e*Bo)/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Vhc = (e*(Bo**2)*(b**2)*((1-((a/b)**2))**2))/(8*m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#PArt c\n",
+ "Bc = ((8*Vo*(m/e))**0.5)/(b*(1-((a/b)**2)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Cyclotron angular frequency =\",round((w/1E+9),3),\"*10**9 rad/s\"\n",
+ "print \"Hull cut-off voltage =\",round((Vhc/1E+3),4),\"kV\"\n",
+ "print \"Cut-off magnetic flux density =\",round((Bc/1E-3),3),\"mWb/m**2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Cyclotron angular frequency = 1.758 *10**9 rad/s\n",
+ "Hull cut-off voltage = 7.9121 kV\n",
+ "Cut-off magnetic flux density = 19.472 mWb/m**2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.15, Page number 348"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Input power,Output power,Efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n = 2 #mode\n",
+ "Vo = 280 #beam volatge(V)\n",
+ "Io = 22*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "V1 = 30 #signal voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Pdc = Vo*Io\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "J1X = 1.25 #from table\n",
+ "Pac = (2*Pdc*J1X)/((2*n*math.pi)-(math.pi/2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "N = (Pac/Pdc)*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Input power =\",round(Pdc,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Output power =\",round(Pac,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Efficiency =\",round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input power = 6.16 W\n",
+ "Output power = 1.4 W\n",
+ "Efficiency = 22.74 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.16, Page number 348"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Vo = 300 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Rsh = 20*10**3 #shunt resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "L = 1*10**-3 #length(m)\n",
+ "V1 = 200 #gap voltage(V)\n",
+ "e_m = 1.759*10**11\n",
+ "n = 2 #mode\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "x = (e_m*((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2))**2)/(8*(w**2)*(L**2))\n",
+ "y = math.sqrt(Vo/x)\n",
+ "Vr = y+Vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Bo = 1 #assumption\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582 #from table\n",
+ "Io = V1/(2*J1X*Rsh)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Repeller voltage =\",round(Vr,3),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Beam current =\",round((Io/1E-3),2),\"mA\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Repeller voltage = 833.98 V\n",
+ "Beam current = 8.59 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 16
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter09.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter09.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..9e8fad38 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter09.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,605 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:700ab6262dd3fd322aa3ece04f53175fb8f709a487cc0649654e8878a7afd58c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter09:Solid State Microwave devices"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.1, Page number 411"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Frequncy of IMPATT diode\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L = 2*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
+ "Vd = 10**7*10**-2 #dfrift velocit(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "f = Vd/(2*L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Frequncy of IMPATT diode is\",round((f/1E+9),2),\"GHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequncy of IMPATT diode is 25.0 GHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.2, Page number 411"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate threshold electric field\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 10*10**9 #operating frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "L = 75*10**-6 #device length(m)\n",
+ "V = 25. #voltage pulse amplified(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Eth = V/(L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The threshold electric field is\",round((Eth/1E+5),2),\"KV/cm\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The threshold electric field is 3.33 KV/cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.3, Page number 411"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Power gain,Power gain as USB converter\n",
+ "#chapter-9 page 411 example 9.3\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "fs=2.*10.**9.;#Signal Frequency in Hz\n",
+ "fp=12.*10.**9.#Pump Frequency in Hz\n",
+ "Ri=16.;#O/P resistance of signal generator in ohms\n",
+ "Rs=1000.;#On types resistance of signal generator in ohms\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "P=10*math.log10((fp-fs)/fs);#Power gain in dB\n",
+ "Pusb=10*math.log10((fp+fs)/fs);#Power gain as USB converter in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s %s %.2f %s' %('Power gain is P=',P,'dB','\\nPower gain as USB converter is Pusb=',Pusb,'dB')\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Note: Answer given in textbook is wrong Check it once..\n",
+ "#Correct answers are Power gain is P=6.99 dB \n",
+ "#Power gain as USB converter is Pusb=8.45 dB \n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Power gain is P= 6.99 dB \n",
+ "Power gain as USB converter is Pusb= 8.45 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.4, Page number 411"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Critical voltage ,Breakdown voltage,Breakdown electric field \n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Es = 12.5 #relative dielectric constant\n",
+ "N = 3.2*10**22 #donor concentration(/m**3)\n",
+ "L = 8*10**-6 #length(m)\n",
+ "Eo = 8.854*10**-12 #dielectric constant\n",
+ "q = 1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Vc = (q*N*L**2)/(2*Eo*Es)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Vbd = 2*Vc\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Ebd = Vbd/L\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Critical voltage =\",round((Vc/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown voltage =\",round((Vbd/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown electric field =\",round((Ebd/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 V/cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Critical voltage = 1.48 kV\n",
+ "Breakdown voltage = 2.96 kV\n",
+ "Breakdown electric field = 3.7 *10**8 V/cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.5, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate avalanche zone velocity\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Na = 2.5*10**16 #doping concentration(/cm**3)\n",
+ "J = 33*10**3 #current density(A/cm**2)\n",
+ "q = 1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vz = J/(q*Na)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The avalanche zone velocity is\",round((Vz/1E+6),2),\"*10**6 cm/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The avalanche zone velocity is 8.25 *10**6 cm/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.6, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate power gain\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rd = -25 #negative resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rl = 50 #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "G = ((Rd-Rl)/(Rd+Rl))**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Power gain =\",G"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Power gain = 9\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.7, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate minimum voltage required\n",
+ "#chapter-9 page 412 example 9.7\n",
+ "#For a Gunn Diode\n",
+ "L=5.*10.**(-4.);#Drift Length in cm\n",
+ "Vg=3300.;#Voltage gradient in V/cm [Vg>3.3 kV/cm]\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "Vmin=Vg*L;#Minimum Voltage needed to initiate Gunn effect in volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s' %('\\nMinimum Voltage needed to initiate Gunn effect is Vmin=',Vmin,'volts');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Minimum Voltage needed to initiate Gunn effect is Vmin= 1.65 volts\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.8, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Natural(Rational) Frequency,Critical Voltage of the diode\n",
+ "#chapter-9 page 412 example 9.8\n",
+ "#For a Gunn Diode\n",
+ "L=20.*10.**(-4.);#Active Length in cm\n",
+ "Vd=2.*10.**7.;#Drift Velocity of Electrons in cm/sec\n",
+ "Ec=3.3*10.**3.;#Criticl Field for GaAs in V/cm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "fn=(Vd/L)/10.**9.;#Natural(Rational) Frequency in GHz\n",
+ "Vc=L*Ec;#Critical Voltage of the diode in volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.f %s %s %.1f %s ' %('\\nNatural(Rational) Frequency is fn=',fn,'GHz','\\nCritical Voltage of the diode is Vc=',Vc,'volts');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Natural(Rational) Frequency is fn= 10 GHz \n",
+ "Critical Voltage of the diode is Vc= 6.6 volts \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.9, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate the resonant frequency,Efficiency\n",
+ "from math import pi,sqrt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Cj = 0.5*10**-12 #capacitance of IMPATT diode(F)\n",
+ "Lp = 0.5*10**-9 #Inductance of IMPATT diode(H)\n",
+ "Vbd = 100 #breakdown voltage(V)\n",
+ "Ib = 100*10**-3 #dc bias current(A)\n",
+ "Ip = 0.8 #peak current(A)\n",
+ "Rl = 2 #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "f = 1/(2*pi*sqrt(Lp*Cj))\n",
+ "Pl = ((Ip**2)*Rl)/2\n",
+ "Pdc = Vbd*Ib\n",
+ "N = (Pl/Pdc)*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The resonant frequency is\",round((f/1E+9)),\"GHz\"\n",
+ "print \"Efficiency is\",round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The resonant frequency is 10.0 GHz\n",
+ "Efficiency is 6.4 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.10, Page number 413"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Drift time of the carrier,Operating frequency of diode\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vd = 10**5 #carrier dirft velocity(cm/s)\n",
+ "L = 2*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "tou = L/Vd\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "f = 1/(2*tou)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Drift time of the carrier is\",round((tou/1E-11),2),\"*10**-11 sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Operating frequency of diode is\",(f/1E+9),\"GHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Drift time of the carrier is 2.0 *10**-11 sec\n",
+ "Operating frequency of diode is 25.0 GHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.11, Page number 413"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Breakdown voltage,Breakdown electric field\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Er = 11.8 #relative dielectric constant\n",
+ "N = 3*10**21 #donor concentration(m^-3)\n",
+ "L = 6.2*10**-6 #Si length(m)\n",
+ "q = 1.6*10**-19 #charge of an electron(C)\n",
+ "Eo = 8.854*10**-12 #dielctric constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Vbd = (q*N*L**2)/(Eo*Er)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Ebd = Vbd/L\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown voltage =\",round(Vbd,1),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown electric field =\",round((Ebd/1E+7),2),\"*10**7 V/m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Breakdown voltage = 176.6 V\n",
+ "Breakdown electric field = 2.85 *10**7 V/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.12, Page number 413"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Maximum power gain,Noise figure,Bandwidth\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "rQ = 8. #figure of merit\n",
+ "fo_fs = 8. #ratio of o/p to i/p frequency\n",
+ "Td = 300. #diode temperatur(K)\n",
+ "To = 300. #ambient temperature(K)\n",
+ "r = 0.2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "X = rQ**2/fo_fs\n",
+ "G = (X/((1+math.sqrt(1+X))**2))*fo_fs\n",
+ "g = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "F = 1+((2*Td)/To)*((1/rQ)+(1/rQ**2))\n",
+ "f = 10*math.log10(F)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "BW = 2*r*math.sqrt(fo_fs)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Maximum power gain =\",round(g,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Noise figure =\",round(f,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Bandwidth =\",round(BW,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum power gain = 6.02 dB\n",
+ "Noise figure = 1.08 dB\n",
+ "Bandwidth = 1.13\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.13, Page number 414"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#Calculate Equivalent noise resistance,Gain,Noise figure,Bandwidth\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "fs = 2*10**9 #signal frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "fp = 12*10**9 #amplifier frquency(Hz)\n",
+ "fi = 10*10**9 #input frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "fd = 5*10**9 #diode frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Ri = 1*10**3 #input resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rg = 1*10**3 #gate resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "RTs = 1*10**3 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "RTi = 1*10**3 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "r = 0.35 #resistane(Ohms)\n",
+ "rQ = 10. #figure of merit\n",
+ "rd = 300 #diode temperature(K)\n",
+ "C = 0.01*10**-12 #capacitance(F)\n",
+ "Td = 300\n",
+ "To = 300\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "ws = 2*math.pi*fs\n",
+ "wi = 2*math.pi*fi\n",
+ "R = (r**2)/(ws*wi*C**2*RTi)\n",
+ "a = R/RTs\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "G = (4*fi*Rg*Ri*a)/(fs*RTs*RTi*(1-a)**2)\n",
+ "g = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "F = 1+((2*Td)/To)*((1/rQ)+(1/rQ**2))\n",
+ "f = 10*math.log10(F)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "BW = (r/2)*math.sqrt(fd/(fs*G))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Equivalent noise resistance =\",round(a,2),\"Ohms\"\n",
+ "print \"Gain =\",round(g,1),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Noise figure =\",round(f,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Bandwidth =\",round(BW,3),\"(Calculation error in the textbook)\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Equivalent noise resistance = 1.55 Ohms\n",
+ "Gain = 20.1 dB\n",
+ "Noise figure = 0.86 dB\n",
+ "Bandwidth = 0.027 (Calculation error in the textbook)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter10.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter10.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..c3f955b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter10.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,565 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:e0413e9c9e3050091f310d4afb4ca2e525621132a18cab203347bc4619b6cd5d"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter10:Microwave Communication Systems"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.1, Page number 486"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate radio horizon and the maximum distance of propagation of the TV signal\n",
+ "from math import sqrt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ht = 144 #transmitter antenna height(m)\n",
+ "hr = 25 #receiving antenna height(M)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "dt = 4*sqrt(ht)\n",
+ "dr = 4*sqrt(hr)\n",
+ "d = dt+dr\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Radio horizon is\",dt,\"km\"\n",
+ "print \"The maximum distance of propagation of the TV signal is\",d,\"km\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Radio horizon is 48.0 km\n",
+ "The maximum distance of propagation of the TV signal is 68.0 km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.2, Page number 486"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate horizon distance of the transmitter\n",
+ "from fractions import Fraction\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "r = 6370*10**3 #radius of earth(km)\n",
+ "du_dh = -0.05*10**-6 #refractive index of air near ground\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "k = 1/(1+(r*du_dh))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The horizon distance of the transmitter can be modified by replaing r by r' is\",round(k,3),\"r\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The horizon distance of the transmitter can be modified by replaing r by r' is 1.467 r\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.3, Page number 487"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate carrier tansmitted power required\n",
+ "import math \n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "f = 2*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "r = 50*10**3 #repeater spacing(km)\n",
+ "Pr = 20 #carrier power(dBm)\n",
+ "Gt = 34 #antenna gain(dB)\n",
+ "L = 10 #dB\n",
+ "Gr = 34 #dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "Pt = -Pr+(10*math.log10(4*math.pi*r**2))-Gt-(10*math.log10(lamda**2/(4*math.pi)))+L-Gr\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The carrier tansmitted power required is\",round(Pt,1),\"dBm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The carrier tansmitted power required is 54.4 dBm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.4, Page number 487"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Received power\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 6.*10**9 #uplink frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "e = 5 #elevation angle(degrees)\n",
+ "Pt = 1.*10**3 #transmitter power(W)\n",
+ "Gt = 60. #gain of transmitter(dB)\n",
+ "Gr = 0 #gain of receiver(dB)\n",
+ "d = 36000*10**3 #distance between ground and satellite(m)\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Gt1 = 10**(Gt/10)\n",
+ "Gr1 = 10.**(Gr/10)\n",
+ "r = d/(math.sin(math.radians(e)))\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "Pr = (Pt*Gt1*Gr1*lamda**2)/(4*math.pi*r**2*4*math.pi)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Received power =\",round((Pr/1E-14),1),\"*10^-14 W\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Received power = 9.3 *10^-14 W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.5, Page number 487"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Antenna beam angle\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "r = 6371 #radius of the earth(km)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "d = 35855+r #distance of satellite from center of the earth(km)\n",
+ "b = (math.degrees(math.pi)*r)/d\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Antenna beam angle =\",round(b,2),\"degrees\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Antenna beam angle = 27.16 degrees\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.6, Page number 488"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate round trip time between earth station and satellite,round trip time for vertical transmission\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "r = 6371 #radius of earth(km)\n",
+ "h = 35855 #height(km) \n",
+ "phi = 5 #elevation angle(degrees)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "B = 90 #angle for vertical transmission(degrees)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "d = math.sqrt(((r+h)**2)-((r*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))**2))- (r*math.sin(math.radians(phi)))\n",
+ "T = (2*d*10**3)/c\n",
+ "dv = math.sqrt(((r+h)**2)-(r**2))\n",
+ "Tv = (2*(dv-r)*10**3)/c\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The round trip time between earth station and satellite is\",round((T/1E-3)),\"msec\"\n",
+ "print \"The round trip time for vertical transmission is\",round((Tv/1E-3)),\"msec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The round trip time between earth station and satellite is 275.0 msec\n",
+ "The round trip time for vertical transmission is 236.0 msec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.7, Page number 488"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate figure of merit for earth station\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Tant = 25 #effective noise temperature for antenna(K)\n",
+ "Tr = 75 #receiver oise temperature(K)\n",
+ "G = 45 #power gain(dB)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "T = Tant+Tr\n",
+ "Tdb = 10*math.log10(T)\n",
+ "M = G - Tdb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The figure of merit for earth station is\",M,\"dB\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The figure of merit for earth station is 25.0 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.8, Page number 488"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate carrier to noise ratio\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "EIRP = 55.5 #satellite ESM(dBW)\n",
+ "M = 35 #freespace loss(dB)\n",
+ "Lfs = 245.3 #GT of earth station(dB)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "C_No = EIRP + M - Lfs + 228.6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The carrier to noise ratio is\",round(C_No,2),\"dB\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The carrier to noise ratio is 73.8 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.9, Page number 489"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate system noise temperature\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "D = 30 #diameter of dish(m)\n",
+ "f = 4*10**9 #downlink frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "M = 20 #G/T ratio of earth station\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ae = (math.pi*D**2)/4\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "G = (4*math.pi*Ae)/lamda**2\n",
+ "Gdb = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
+ "Ts = Gdb - M\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The system noise temperature is\",round(Ts),\"dB\" "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The system noise temperature is 42.0 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 9
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.10, Page number 489"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-10 page 489 example 10.10\n",
+ "#calculate Diameter of the circular mouth of a parabolic antenna, Half Power BeamWidth of the antenna\n",
+ "#For a parabolic antenna\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "Gp=1500.;#Power gain\n",
+ "w=0.1;#wavelength in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "D=math.sqrt(Gp)*(w/(math.pi));#Diameter of the circular mouth of a parabolic antenna in m\n",
+ "HPBW=58*(w/D);#Half Power BeamWidth of the antenna in deg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.4f %s %s %.3f %s'%('\\nDiameter of the circular mouth of a parabolic antenna is D=',D,'m','\\nHalf Power BeamWidth of the antenna is HPBW=',HPBW,'deg');\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Diameter of the circular mouth of a parabolic antenna is D= 1.2328 m \n",
+ "Half Power BeamWidth of the antenna is HPBW= 4.705 deg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.11, Page number 490"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-10 page 490 example 10.11\n",
+ "#calculate Overall gain that can be expected, Overall gain of the system\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "D=1.;#Assume diameter of the parabolic reflectors in the original system in m\n",
+ "w=1.;#Assume wavelength in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "D1=2.*D;#diameter of the parabolic reflectors in the modified system in m\n",
+ "G=6.*(D/w)**2.;#gain in original system\n",
+ "G1=6.*(D1/w)**2.;#gain in modified system\n",
+ "GdB=10.*math.log10(G1/G);#Overall gain that can be expected in dB\n",
+ "GdBo=2.*GdB;#Overall gain of the system(combining the two antennas one at the Tx and other at the Rx) in dB\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.f %s %s %.f %s' %('\\nOverall gain that can be expected is GdB=',GdB,'dB', '\\nOverall gain of the system(combining the two antennas one at the Tx and other at the Rx) is GdBo=',GdBo,'dB');\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Note: Check the answer once ..it should be GdB=10log(4)=6 dB and GdBo=12dB\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "\n",
+ "Overall gain that can be expected is GdB= 6 dB \n",
+ "Overall gain of the system(combining the two antennas one at the Tx and other at the Rx) is GdBo= 12 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.12, Page number 490"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#chapter-10 page 490 example 10.12\n",
+ "#calculate a)beamwidth between first nulls\n",
+ "#calculate b)beamwidth between half power points\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "D=3.##dimension of a paraboloid in m\n",
+ "f=3.*10.**9.##frequency (S band) in Hz\n",
+ "c=3.*10.**8.##Velocity of light in m/sec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#CALCULATION\n",
+ "w=c/f##wave length in m\n",
+ "BWFN=140.*(w/D)##BeamWidth between First Nulls in deg\n",
+ "BWHP=70.*(w/D)##BeamWidth between HalfPower points in deg\n",
+ "G=6.*(D/w)**2.##Gain of the antenna \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#OUTPUT\n",
+ "print '%s %.2f %s %s %.2f %s %s %.f' %('BeamWidth between First Nulls is BWFN=',BWFN,'deg','\\nBeamWidth between HalfPower points is BWHP=',BWHP,'deg','\\nGain of the Antenna is G=',G)#\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "BeamWidth between First Nulls is BWFN= 4.67 deg \n",
+ "BeamWidth between HalfPower points is BWHP= 2.33 deg \n",
+ "Gain of the Antenna is G= 5400\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 12
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 10.13, Page number 490"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate power gain of optimum horn antenna\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "A = 5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Gp = 4.5*A**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Power gain of optimum horn antenna =\",Gp\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Power gain of optimum horn antenna = 112.5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 13
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter11.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter11.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..b654a166 --- /dev/null +++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering_by_M._Kulkarni/chapter11.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:ea268596f26e72d0ba255402f7b7713669572ea36ff236412ed512a3e76cc14b"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "chapter11:Radars"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.1, Page number 504"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate maximum range of radar system, maximum range of radar system in nautical miles\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaraion\n",
+ "lamda = 3.*10**-2#operating unit(cm)\n",
+ "Pt = 600.*10**3 #peak pulse power(W)\n",
+ "Smin = 10.**-13 #minimum detectable signal(W)\n",
+ "Ae = 5. #m^2\n",
+ "sigma = 20. #cross sectional area(m^2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Rmax = ((Pt*Ae**2*sigma)/(4*math.pi*lamda**2*Smin))**0.25\n",
+ "Rmax_nau = Rmax/1.853\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The maximum range of radar system is\",round((Rmax/1E+3),3),\"km\"\n",
+ "print \"The maximum range of radar system in nautical miles is\",round((Rmax_nau/1E+3)),\"nm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The maximum range of radar system is 717.657 km\n",
+ "The maximum range of radar system in nautical miles is 387.0 nm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.2, Page number 504"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Maximum range possible of the antenna\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Pt = 250.*10**3 #peak pulse power(W)\n",
+ "Smin = 10.**-14 #minimum detectable signal(W)\n",
+ "Ae = 10. #m^2\n",
+ "sigma = 2. #cross sectional area(m^2)\n",
+ "f = 10*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "G = 2500 #power gain of antenna\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "Rmax = ((Pt*G*Ae*sigma)/((4*math.pi)**2*Smin))**0.25\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Maximum range possible of the antenna is\",round((Rmax/1E+3),2),\"km\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum range possible of the antenna is 298.28 km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.3, Page number 504"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate sight cross section area\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Pt = 250.*10**3 #peak pulse power(W)\n",
+ "f = 10.*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "G = 4000 #power gain of antenna\n",
+ "R = 50*10**3 #range(m)\n",
+ "Pr = 10**-11 #minimum detectable signal(W)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "Ae = (G*lamda**2)/(4*math.pi)\n",
+ "sigma = (Pr*((4*math.pi*R**2)**2))/(Pt*G*Ae)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The radar can sight cross section area of\",round(sigma,2),\"m^2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The radar can sight cross section area of 34.45 m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.4, Page number 505"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate radar's unambiguous range, duty cycle for radar, average power, Bandwidth range for radar\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Pt = 400*10**3 #transmitted power(W)\n",
+ "prf = 1500. #pulse repitiion frequency(pps)\n",
+ "tw = 0.8*10**-6 #pulse width(sec)\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Run = c/(2*prf)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "dc = tw/(1/prf)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Pav = Pt*dc\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "n1 = 1\n",
+ "BW1 = n1/tw\n",
+ "\n",
+ "n2 = 1.4\n",
+ "BW2 = n2/tw\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The radar's unambiguous range is\",round((Run/1E+3),2),\"km\"\n",
+ "print \"The duty cycle for radar is\",dc\n",
+ "print \"The average power is\",round(Pav,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Bandwidth range for radar is\",(BW1/1E+6),\"MHz and\",(BW2/1E+6),\"MHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The radar's unambiguous range is 100.0 km\n",
+ "The duty cycle for radar is 0.0012\n",
+ "The average power is 480.0 W\n",
+ "Bandwidth range for radar is 1.25 MHz and 1.75 MHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 4
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.5, Page number 505"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate maximum detection range \n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Pt = 2.5*10**6 #power output(W)\n",
+ "D = 5 #antenna diameter(m)\n",
+ "sigma = 1 #cross sectional area of target(m^2)\n",
+ "B = 1.6*10**6 #receiver bandwidth(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3.*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "Nf = 12. #noise figure(dB)\n",
+ "f = 5*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "F = 10**(Nf/10)\n",
+ "Rmax = 48*(((Pt*D**4*sigma)/(B*lamda**2*(F-1)))**0.25)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The maximum detection range is\",round(Rmax),\"km\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The maximum detection range is 558.0 km\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 11.6, Page number 506"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "#calculate Maximum range with echoing of 50 times and If transmitter power is doubled, range would increase by a factor of\n",
+ "import math \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rmax = 30 #maximum range of radar(km)\n",
+ "n = 50 #no. of echos\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "R = Rmax*math.sqrt(math.sqrt(n))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#After doubling the power\n",
+ "R1 = math.sqrt(math.sqrt(2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Maximum range with echoing of 50 times is\",round(R),\"km\"\n",
+ "print \"If transmitter power is doubled, range would increase by a factor of\",round(R1,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum range with echoing of 50 times is 80.0 km\n",
+ "If transmitter power is doubled, range would increase by a factor of 1.19\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |