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authordebashisdeb2014-06-21 00:52:25 +0530
committerdebashisdeb2014-06-21 00:52:25 +0530
commit7c756fcc12d21693818e58f6936cab5b7c112868 (patch)
tree009cb02ec85f4a75ac7b64239751f15361df2bfe /Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering
parent83c1bfceb1b681b4bb7253b47491be2d8b2014a1 (diff)
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Removed Problem Statements Completely
Diffstat (limited to 'Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering')
-rw-r--r--Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_3.ipynb1064
-rw-r--r--Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_4.ipynb19
-rw-r--r--Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_5.ipynb387
-rw-r--r--Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_8.ipynb1965
-rw-r--r--Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_9.ipynb1226
5 files changed, 2311 insertions, 2350 deletions
diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_3.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_3.ipynb
index 033e0551..116264a3 100644
--- a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_3.ipynb
+++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_3.ipynb
@@ -1,535 +1,531 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "Chapter 3"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 3: Transmission Lines"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example number 3.1, Page number 47"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Zo = 100 #o/p impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "s = 5 #VSWR\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "Zmax = Zo*s\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Terminating impedance = \",Zmax,\"Ohms\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Terminating impedance = 500 Ohms\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.2, Page number 47"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "import cmath\n",
- "\n",
- "#Varaible declaration \n",
- "R = 8 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "L = 2*10**-3 #inductance(H/km)\n",
- "C = 0.002*10**-6 #capacitance(F)\n",
- "G = 0.07*10**-6 #conductance(s/km)\n",
- "f = 2*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Vs = 2 #input signal(V)\n",
- "l = 500. #line length(km)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "x = complex(R,w*L)\n",
- "y = complex(G,w*C)\n",
- "Zo = cmath.sqrt(x/y)\n",
- "gamma = cmath.sqrt(x*y)\n",
- "Is = Vs/Zo.real\n",
- "Il = Is*cmath.exp(-1*gamma*l)\n",
- "P = Il**2*Zo.real\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Characteristic impedance =\",Zo,\"Ohms\"\n",
- "print \"Attenuation constant =\",round(gamma.real,6),\"NP/km\"\n",
- "print \"Phase constant =\", round(gamma.imag,6),\"rad/km\"\n",
- "print \"Power delivered to the load =\", round((abs(P)/1E-6),2), \"uW\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Characteristic impedance = (1012.50018135-155.813417548j) Ohms\n",
- "Attenuation constant = 0.003987 NP/km\n",
- "Phase constant = 0.025436 rad/km\n",
- "Power delivered to the load = 73.31 uW\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.3, Page number 48"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Varaible declaration\n",
- "f = 2*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "B = 0.02543 #phase constant(rad/km)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "Vp = w/B\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Phase velocity =\",round((Vp/1E+3),2),\"km/sec\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Phase velocity = 494.16 km/sec\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 24
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.4, Page number 48"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a) Current drawn from generator\n",
- "b) Power delivered to the load\n",
- "\n",
- "import cmath\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "f = 37.5*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "V = 200 #Voltage signal(Vrms)\n",
- "r = 200 #internal resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "Zo = 200 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "l = 10 #line length(m)\n",
- "Zl = 100 #resistive load(Ohms)\n",
- "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "lamda = c/f\n",
- "Bl = (5*math.degrees(math.pi))/4\n",
- "x = complex(Zl,(Zo*math.tan(Bl)))\n",
- "y = complex(Zo,(Zl*math.tan(Bl)))\n",
- "Zi = Zo*(x/y)\n",
- "Vs = (Zi.real*Zo)/(Zi.real+Zo)\n",
- "Is = Zo/(Zi.real+Zo)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "P = Vs*Is\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "Il = math.sqrt(P/Zl)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Current drawn from generator is\",round(Is,2),\"A\" \n",
- "print \"Power delivered to the load is\",round(P,2),\"W\"\n",
- "print \"Current flowing through the load is\",round(Il,3),\"A\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\n",
- "\n",
- "Current drawn from generator is 0.41 A\n",
- "Power delivered to the load is 48.47 W\n",
- "Current flowing through the load is 0.696 A\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 35
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.5, Page number 50"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import cmath\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "zo = 50 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "f = 300*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "zl = complex(50,50) #terminating load(Ohms)\n",
- "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "lamda = c/f\n",
- "rho = (zl-zo)/(zl+zo)\n",
- "phi = cmath.phase(rho)\n",
- "s = (1+abs(rho))/(1-abs(rho))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Reflection co-efficient =\",round(abs(rho),3),\"with phase =\",round(math.degrees(phi),2)\n",
- "print \"VSWR =\",round(s,2)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- " Reflection co-efficient = 0.447 with phase = 63.43\n",
- "VSWR = 2.62\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 46
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.6, Page number 50"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Zl = 100. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "Zo = 600. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "f = 100*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "lamda = c/f\n",
- "l = (lamda*math.atan(math.sqrt(Zl/Zo)))/(2*math.pi)\n",
- "l_dash = (lamda*math.atan(math.sqrt((Zl*Zo)/(Zo-Zl))))/(2*math.pi)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"The position of the stub is\", round(l,3),\"m\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Please note that the solution for l_dash given in the textbook is incorrect\"\n",
- "print \"Length of stub is\",round(l_dash,3),\"m\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The position of the stub is 0.185 m\n",
- "\n",
- "Please note that the solution for l_dash given in the textbook is incorrect\n",
- "Length of stub is 0.707 m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 17
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.7, Page number 50"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import cmath\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "s = 3.2 #VSWR\n",
- "Xmin = 0.237 #minimum voltage(V)\n",
- "Zo = 50 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "q = math.tan(math.degrees(2*math.pi*Xmin))\n",
- "x = complex(1,-(s*q))\n",
- "y = complex(s, -q)\n",
- "Zl = Zo*(x/y)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Terminating impedance =\", Zl,\"Ohms\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\n",
- "\n",
- "Terminating impedance = (19.6572514629-23.7885950214j) Ohms\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 27
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.8, Page number 51"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)VSWR\n",
- "b) Position of first Vmin and Vmax\n",
- "c) Vmin and Vmax\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Zo = 50. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "Zl = 100. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "f = 300*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Pl = 50*10**-3 #load power(W)\n",
- "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "lamda = c/f\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "rho = (Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo)\n",
- "s = (1+abs(rho))/(1-abs(rho))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "#Since real Zl>Zo, first Vmax is located at the load\n",
- "Vmin_pos = lamda/4\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "Vmax = math.sqrt(Pl*Zl)\n",
- "Vmin = Vmax/s\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part d\n",
- "Zin_at_Vmin = Zo/s\n",
- "Zin_at_Vmax = Zo*s\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"VSWR = \", s\n",
- "print \"First Vmax is loacted at load and first Vmin is located at\", Vmin_pos,\"m from the load\"\n",
- "print \"Vmin = \",round(Vmin,2),\"V and Vmax = \",round(Vmax,2),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"Impedance at Vmin is \", Zin_at_Vmin,\"Ohm and impedance at Vmax is\",Zin_at_Vmax,\"Ohm\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "VSWR = 2.0\n",
- "First Vmax is loacted at load and first Vmin is located at 250 m from the load\n",
- "Vmin = 1.12 V and Vmax = 2.24 V\n",
- "Impedance at Vmin is 25.0 Ohm and impedance at Vmax is 100.0 Ohm\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.9, Page number 52"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)Transmission loss\n",
- "b)Reflection loss\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Zo = 600. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "Zs = 50 #source impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "l = 200 #length of line(m)\n",
- "Zl = 500. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "rho = (Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "ref_l = math.log10(1/(1-((abs(rho))**2)))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "#Since, the line is lossless,\n",
- "att_l = 0\n",
- "trans_l = ref_l+att_l\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "ret_l = math.log10(abs(rho))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Reflection loss =\",round(ref_l,4),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Transmission loss =\",round(trans_l,4),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Return loss =\",round(ret_l,3),\"dB (Calculation error in the textbook)\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Reflection loss = 0.0036 dB\n",
- "Transmission loss = 0.0036 dB\n",
- "Return loss = -1.041 dB (Calculation error in the textbook)\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 55
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3.10, Page number 52"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import cmath\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "l = 10 #length of line(km)\n",
- "zsc = complex(1895.47,2234.29) \n",
- "zoc = complex(216.99,-143.37)\n",
- "f = 1*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "zo = cmath.sqrt(zsc*zoc)\n",
- "x = cmath.sqrt(zsc/zoc)\n",
- "t = (1+x)/(1-x)\n",
- "gamma = cmath.log(t)/(l*2)\n",
- "B = gamma.imag\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "Vp = w/B\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"There is calculation mistake throughout the problem in the textbook\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Characteristic impedance =\",zo,\"Ohms\"\n",
- "print \"Phase velocity =\",round((Vp/1E+3),3),\"*10^3 m/sec\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "There is calculation mistake throughout the problem in the textbook\n",
- "\n",
- "Characteristic impedance = (864.190238563+123.274392427j) Ohms\n",
- "Phase velocity = 45.994 *10^3 m/sec\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 27
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:dfa1112ea6b0d370508845e5b6861c8e0c5d67e82e0a759d3e8e0f96252d9846"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 3: Transmission Lines"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example number 3.1, Page number 47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Zo = 100 #o/p impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "s = 5 #VSWR\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Zmax = Zo*s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Terminating impedance = \",Zmax,\"Ohms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Terminating impedance = 500 Ohms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 2
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.2, Page number 47"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Varaible declaration \n",
+ "R = 8 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "L = 2*10**-3 #inductance(H/km)\n",
+ "C = 0.002*10**-6 #capacitance(F)\n",
+ "G = 0.07*10**-6 #conductance(s/km)\n",
+ "f = 2*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Vs = 2 #input signal(V)\n",
+ "l = 500. #line length(km)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "x = complex(R,w*L)\n",
+ "y = complex(G,w*C)\n",
+ "Zo = cmath.sqrt(x/y)\n",
+ "gamma = cmath.sqrt(x*y)\n",
+ "Is = Vs/Zo.real\n",
+ "Il = Is*cmath.exp(-1*gamma*l)\n",
+ "P = Il**2*Zo.real\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Characteristic impedance =\",Zo,\"Ohms\"\n",
+ "print \"Attenuation constant =\",round(gamma.real,6),\"NP/km\"\n",
+ "print \"Phase constant =\", round(gamma.imag,6),\"rad/km\"\n",
+ "print \"Power delivered to the load =\", round((abs(P)/1E-6),2), \"uW\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Characteristic impedance = (1012.50018135-155.813417548j) Ohms\n",
+ "Attenuation constant = 0.003987 NP/km\n",
+ "Phase constant = 0.025436 rad/km\n",
+ "Power delivered to the load = 73.31 uW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.3, Page number 48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Varaible declaration\n",
+ "f = 2*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "B = 0.02543 #phase constant(rad/km)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "Vp = w/B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Phase velocity =\",round((Vp/1E+3),2),\"km/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Phase velocity = 494.16 km/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.4, Page number 48"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 37.5*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "V = 200 #Voltage signal(Vrms)\n",
+ "r = 200 #internal resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Zo = 200 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "l = 10 #line length(m)\n",
+ "Zl = 100 #resistive load(Ohms)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "Bl = (5*math.degrees(math.pi))/4\n",
+ "x = complex(Zl,(Zo*math.tan(Bl)))\n",
+ "y = complex(Zo,(Zl*math.tan(Bl)))\n",
+ "Zi = Zo*(x/y)\n",
+ "Vs = (Zi.real*Zo)/(Zi.real+Zo)\n",
+ "Is = Zo/(Zi.real+Zo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "P = Vs*Is\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Il = math.sqrt(P/Zl)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Current drawn from generator is\",round(Is,2),\"A\" \n",
+ "print \"Power delivered to the load is\",round(P,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Current flowing through the load is\",round(Il,3),\"A\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Current drawn from generator is 0.41 A\n",
+ "Power delivered to the load is 48.47 W\n",
+ "Current flowing through the load is 0.696 A\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 35
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.5, Page number 50"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "zo = 50 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "f = 300*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "zl = complex(50,50) #terminating load(Ohms)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "rho = (zl-zo)/(zl+zo)\n",
+ "phi = cmath.phase(rho)\n",
+ "s = (1+abs(rho))/(1-abs(rho))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Reflection co-efficient =\",round(abs(rho),3),\"with phase =\",round(math.degrees(phi),2)\n",
+ "print \"VSWR =\",round(s,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " Reflection co-efficient = 0.447 with phase = 63.43\n",
+ "VSWR = 2.62\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 46
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.6, Page number 50"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Zl = 100. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Zo = 600. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "f = 100*10**6 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "l = (lamda*math.atan(math.sqrt(Zl/Zo)))/(2*math.pi)\n",
+ "l_dash = (lamda*math.atan(math.sqrt((Zl*Zo)/(Zo-Zl))))/(2*math.pi)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The position of the stub is\", round(l,3),\"m\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Please note that the solution for l_dash given in the textbook is incorrect\"\n",
+ "print \"Length of stub is\",round(l_dash,3),\"m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The position of the stub is 0.185 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Please note that the solution for l_dash given in the textbook is incorrect\n",
+ "Length of stub is 0.707 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.7, Page number 50"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "s = 3.2 #VSWR\n",
+ "Xmin = 0.237 #minimum voltage(V)\n",
+ "Zo = 50 #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "q = math.tan(math.degrees(2*math.pi*Xmin))\n",
+ "x = complex(1,-(s*q))\n",
+ "y = complex(s, -q)\n",
+ "Zl = Zo*(x/y)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Terminating impedance =\", Zl,\"Ohms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Please note that the solution given in the textbook is incorrect.Hence the difference in answers\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Terminating impedance = (19.6572514629-23.7885950214j) Ohms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.8, Page number 51"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Zo = 50. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Zl = 100. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "f = 300*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Pl = 50*10**-3 #load power(W)\n",
+ "c = 3*10**8 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "lamda = c/f\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "rho = (Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo)\n",
+ "s = (1+abs(rho))/(1-abs(rho))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "#Since real Zl>Zo, first Vmax is located at the load\n",
+ "Vmin_pos = lamda/4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Vmax = math.sqrt(Pl*Zl)\n",
+ "Vmin = Vmax/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "Zin_at_Vmin = Zo/s\n",
+ "Zin_at_Vmax = Zo*s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"VSWR = \", s\n",
+ "print \"First Vmax is loacted at load and first Vmin is located at\", Vmin_pos,\"m from the load\"\n",
+ "print \"Vmin = \",round(Vmin,2),\"V and Vmax = \",round(Vmax,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Impedance at Vmin is \", Zin_at_Vmin,\"Ohm and impedance at Vmax is\",Zin_at_Vmax,\"Ohm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "VSWR = 2.0\n",
+ "First Vmax is loacted at load and first Vmin is located at 250 m from the load\n",
+ "Vmin = 1.12 V and Vmax = 2.24 V\n",
+ "Impedance at Vmin is 25.0 Ohm and impedance at Vmax is 100.0 Ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.9, Page number 52"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Zo = 600. #characteristic impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Zs = 50 #source impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "l = 200 #length of line(m)\n",
+ "Zl = 500. #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "rho = (Zl-Zo)/(Zl+Zo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "ref_l = math.log10(1/(1-((abs(rho))**2)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "#Since, the line is lossless,\n",
+ "att_l = 0\n",
+ "trans_l = ref_l+att_l\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "ret_l = math.log10(abs(rho))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Reflection loss =\",round(ref_l,4),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Transmission loss =\",round(trans_l,4),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Return loss =\",round(ret_l,3),\"dB (Calculation error in the textbook)\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Reflection loss = 0.0036 dB\n",
+ "Transmission loss = 0.0036 dB\n",
+ "Return loss = -1.041 dB (Calculation error in the textbook)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 55
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 3.10, Page number 52"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import cmath\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "l = 10 #length of line(km)\n",
+ "zsc = complex(1895.47,2234.29) \n",
+ "zoc = complex(216.99,-143.37)\n",
+ "f = 1*10**3 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "zo = cmath.sqrt(zsc*zoc)\n",
+ "x = cmath.sqrt(zsc/zoc)\n",
+ "t = (1+x)/(1-x)\n",
+ "gamma = cmath.log(t)/(l*2)\n",
+ "B = gamma.imag\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "Vp = w/B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"There is calculation mistake throughout the problem in the textbook\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Characteristic impedance =\",zo,\"Ohms\"\n",
+ "print \"Phase velocity =\",round((Vp/1E+3),3),\"*10^3 m/sec\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "There is calculation mistake throughout the problem in the textbook\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Characteristic impedance = (864.190238563+123.274392427j) Ohms\n",
+ "Phase velocity = 45.994 *10^3 m/sec\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 27
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_4.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_4.ipynb
index 24431e97..05272d36 100644
--- a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_4.ipynb
+++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_4.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
{
"metadata": {
- "name": ""
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:fddff29c571385d7ad533c0da8d46227c19589926b0642ffe1126b7caf1c9ca6"
},
"nbformat": 3,
"nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "a)Inductance per unit length\n",
- "b)Capacitance per unit lengh\n",
- "c)Characteristic impedance\n",
+ "\n",
"\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
@@ -223,8 +222,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "a)Characteristic impedance\n",
- "b)Dielectric constant\n",
+ "\n",
"\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
@@ -293,7 +291,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "a) TE wave is propagated\n",
+ "\n",
"\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
@@ -439,8 +437,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "a)possible modes\n",
- "b)cut-off frequencies\n",
+ "\n",
"\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
@@ -504,7 +501,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "a)the required size of cross setional area of the guide\n",
+ "\n",
"\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
@@ -602,8 +599,6 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "a)cut-off wavelength\n",
- "b)cut-off frequency\n",
"\n",
"import math\n",
"\n",
diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_5.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_5.ipynb
index 111d3a6e..dae9fa40 100644
--- a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_5.ipynb
+++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_5.ipynb
@@ -1,196 +1,193 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "Chapter 5"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chpater 5:Cavity Resonators"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 5.1, Page number 174"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "a = 3 #radius of circular waveguide(cm)\n",
- "fo = 10*10**9 #frequency for TM011 mode(Hz)\n",
- "P01 = 2.405\n",
- "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of proapagation(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "d = math.sqrt((math.pi**2)/(((4*math.pi**2)/9)-((P01/a)**2)))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The minimum distance between two plates is\",round(d,2),\"cms\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The minimum distance between two plates is 1.62 cms\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 5.2, Page number 174"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "#dimensions of resonator\n",
- "a = 2.\n",
- "b = 1.\n",
- "d = 3.\n",
- "#For dominant mode TE101,\n",
- "m = 1.\n",
- "n = 0\n",
- "p = 1.\n",
- "\n",
- "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "fo = (c/2)*(((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2+(p/d)**2))**0.5\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The lowest resonating frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9),2),\"Ghz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The lowest resonating frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator is 9.01 Ghz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 8
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 5.3, Page number 175"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "D = 12.5 #diameter of resonator(cm)\n",
- "d = 5 #length of resonator(cm)\n",
- "P01 = 2.405 #dominant mode TM01\n",
- "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#For TM012 mode,\n",
- "m = 1\n",
- "n = 0\n",
- "p = 2\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "a = D/2\n",
- "fo = (c/(2*math.pi))*((P01/a)**2+((p*math.pi)/d)**2)**0.5\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The resonanat frequency of a circular resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9),2),\"GHz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The resonanat frequency of a circular resonator is 6.27 GHz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 14
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 5.4, Page number 175"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "#dimensions of resonator\n",
- "a = 3.\n",
- "b = 2.\n",
- "d = 4.\n",
- "#For dominant mode TE101,\n",
- "m = 1.\n",
- "n = 0\n",
- "p = 1.\n",
- "\n",
- "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "fo = (c/2)*(((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2+(p/d)**2))**0.5\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The lowest resonating frequency of a circular resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9),2),\"Ghz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The lowest resonating frequency of a circular resonator is 6.25 Ghz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 15
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:2fe50082340642dd8429d3545371d7b4c451ffac9b445487719541932115a705"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chpater 5:Cavity Resonators"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.1, Page number 174"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a = 3 #radius of circular waveguide(cm)\n",
+ "fo = 10*10**9 #frequency for TM011 mode(Hz)\n",
+ "P01 = 2.405\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of proapagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "d = math.sqrt((math.pi**2)/(((4*math.pi**2)/9)-((P01/a)**2)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The minimum distance between two plates is\",round(d,2),\"cms\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The minimum distance between two plates is 1.62 cms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.2, Page number 174"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "a = 2.\n",
+ "b = 1.\n",
+ "d = 3.\n",
+ "#For dominant mode TE101,\n",
+ "m = 1.\n",
+ "n = 0\n",
+ "p = 1.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "fo = (c/2)*(((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2+(p/d)**2))**0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The lowest resonating frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9),2),\"Ghz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The lowest resonating frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator is 9.01 Ghz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.3, Page number 175"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "D = 12.5 #diameter of resonator(cm)\n",
+ "d = 5 #length of resonator(cm)\n",
+ "P01 = 2.405 #dominant mode TM01\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#For TM012 mode,\n",
+ "m = 1\n",
+ "n = 0\n",
+ "p = 2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "a = D/2\n",
+ "fo = (c/(2*math.pi))*((P01/a)**2+((p*math.pi)/d)**2)**0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The resonanat frequency of a circular resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9),2),\"GHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The resonanat frequency of a circular resonator is 6.27 GHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 5.4, Page number 175"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "a = 3.\n",
+ "b = 2.\n",
+ "d = 4.\n",
+ "#For dominant mode TE101,\n",
+ "m = 1.\n",
+ "n = 0\n",
+ "p = 1.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "c = 3*10**10 #velocity of propagation(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "fo = (c/2)*(((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2+(p/d)**2))**0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The lowest resonating frequency of a circular resonator is\",round((fo/1E+9),2),\"Ghz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The lowest resonating frequency of a circular resonator is 6.25 Ghz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_8.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_8.ipynb
index ad0ccc9e..7dc18da5 100644
--- a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_8.ipynb
+++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_8.ipynb
@@ -1,995 +1,972 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "Chapter 8"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 8: Microwave Tubes and Circuits"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.1, Page number 336"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)dc electron velocity\n",
- "b)dc phase constant\n",
- "c)plasma frequency\n",
- "d)reduced plasma frequency \n",
- "e)dc beam current density\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vo = 14.5*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "i = 1.4 #beam current(A)\n",
- "f = 10*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "rho_o = 10**-6 #dc electron charge density(c/m^3)\n",
- "rho = 10**-8 #RF charge density(c/m^3)\n",
- "V = 10**5 #velocity perturbations(m/s)\n",
- "eo = 8.854*10**-12\n",
- "R = 0.4\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo) #dc electron velocity\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "w = 2.*math.pi*f\n",
- "ip = w/vo #dc phase current\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "wp = math.sqrt((1.759*10**11*rho_o)/eo)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part d\n",
- "wq = R*wp\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part e\n",
- "Jo = rho_o * vo\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part f\n",
- "J = rho*vo+rho_o*V\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 m/sec\"\n",
- "print \"dc phase curent =\",round(ip,2),\"rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
- "print \"plasma frequency =\",round((wp/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
- "print \"Reduced plasma frequency =\",round((wq/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
- "print \"dc beam current density =\",round(Jo,2), \"A/m^2\"\n",
- "print \"instantaeneous beam current density =\",round(J,3),\"A/m^2\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "dc electron velocity = 0.714 *10**8 m/sec\n",
- "dc phase curent = 879.92 rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
- "plasma frequency = 1.41 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
- "Reduced plasma frequency = 0.564 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
- "dc beam current density = 71.41 A/m^2\n",
- "instantaeneous beam current density = 0.814 A/m^2\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 73
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.2, Page number 337"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)input rms voltage\n",
- "b)output rms voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Av = 15. #voltage gain(dB)\n",
- "Pin = 5*10**-3 #input power(W)\n",
- "Rsh_in = 30*10**3 #Rsh of input cavity(Ohms)\n",
- "Rsh_out = 20.*10**3 #Rsh of output cavity(Ohms)\n",
- "Rl = 40*10**4 #load impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "V1 = math.sqrt(Pin*Rsh_in) #input rms voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "#Av = 20log(V2/V1) db\n",
- "V2 = V1*10**(Av/20) #deriving V2 from above equation\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "Pout = (V2**2)/Rsh_out #output power\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"input rms voltage =\",round(V1,2),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"output rms voltage =\",round(V2,2),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"output power =\",round((Pout/1E-3),2),\"mW\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "input rms voltage = 12.25 V\n",
- "output rms voltage = 68.87 V\n",
- "output power = 237.17 mW\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 50
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.3, Page number 338"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)input power\n",
- "b)output power\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "n = 2 #no. of modes\n",
- "Vo = 300 #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Io = 20*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
- "J1X = 1.25\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "Pdc = Vo*Io #input power\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Pac = (2*Pdc*J1X)/(2*math.pi*n-(math.pi/2))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "N = (Pac/Pdc)*100. #efficiency\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Input power =\",round(Pdc,2),\"W\"\n",
- "print \"Output power =\",round(Pac,2),\"W\"\n",
- "print \"Efficiency =\",round(N,2),\"%\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Input power = 6.0 W\n",
- "Output power = 1.36 W\n",
- "Efficiency = 22.74 %\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 60
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.4, Page number 338"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)electron velocity \n",
- "b)dc transit time of electrons\n",
- "c)input voltage for maximum output voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Varaible declaration\n",
- "Vo = 900 #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Io = 30*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
- "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "d = 1*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
- "L = 4*10**-2 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
- "Rsh = 40*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "J1X = 0.582\n",
- "X = 1.841\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "To = L/vo\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "theta_o = w*To\n",
- "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
- "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2)\n",
- "V1_max = (Vo*3.68)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part d\n",
- "Ro = Vo/Io\n",
- "Av = ((Bo**2)*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Ro*X)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+6),2),\"*10**6 m/sec\"\n",
- "print \"dc transit time of electrons =\",round((To/1E-8),3),\"*10**-8 sec\"\n",
- "print \"Maximum input voltage =\",round(V1_max,3),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"Volatge gain =\",round(Av,3),\"V\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Electron velocity = 17.79 *10**6 m/sec\n",
- "dc transit time of electrons = 0.225 *10**-8 sec\n",
- "Maximum input voltage = 41.923 V\n",
- "Volatge gain = 23.278 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 86
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.5, Page number 339"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)Find the input microwave voltage V1 in order to generate maximum output voltage\n",
- "b)Determine the voltage gain (reflecting beam loading in the output cavity)\n",
- "c)Calculate the efficiency of the amplifier neglecting beam loading\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vo = 1200. #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Io = 28*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
- "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "d = 1*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
- "L = 4.*10**-2 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
- "Rsh = 40*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "J1X = 0.582\n",
- "X = 1.841\n",
- "Go = 23.3*10**-6\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "theta_o = (w*L)/vo\n",
- "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
- "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2)\n",
- "V1_max = (Vo*3.68)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Ro = Vo/Io\n",
- "Av = ((Bo**2)*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Ro*X)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "V2 = 2*Io*J1X*Bo*Rsh\n",
- "N = ((0.58*V2)/Vo)*100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part d\n",
- "Gb = (Go*((Bo**2)-(Bo*math.cos(theta_g))))/2\n",
- "Rb = 1/Gb\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"The input microwave voltage V1 in order to generate maximum output voltage is\",round(V1_max,2),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"The voltage gain (reflecting beam loading in the output cavity) is\",round(Av,3)\n",
- "print \"The efficiency of the amplifier neglecting beam loading is\",round(N,3),\"%\" \n",
- "print \"The beam loading conductance is\",round((Rb/1E+3),2),\"K Ohms (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
- "print \"The value of\",round((Rb/1E+3),2),\"K Ohms is very much comparable to Rsh and cannot be neglected because theta_g is quite high\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The input microwave voltage V1 in order to generate maximum output voltage is 58.71 V\n",
- "The voltage gain (reflecting beam loading in the output cavity) is 17.058\n",
- "The efficiency of the amplifier neglecting beam loading is 48.427 %\n",
- "The beam loading conductance is 72.68 K Ohms (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
- "The value of 72.68 K Ohms is very much comparable to Rsh and cannot be neglected because theta_g is quite high\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 111
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.6, Page number 341"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)Find the value of repeller voltage Vr\n",
- "b)Find the dc necesaary to give the microwave gap of voltage of 200V\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vo = 500. #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Rsh = 20*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "L = 1.*10**-3 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
- "n = 2\n",
- "e_m = 1.759*10**11\n",
- "V1 = 200\n",
- "J1X = 0.582\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "x = (e_m*((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2))**2)/(8*(w**2)*(L**2))\n",
- "y = math.sqrt(Vo/x)\n",
- "Vr = y+Vo\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Bo = 1 #Assumption\n",
- "Io = V1/(2*J1X*Rsh)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
- "theta_o = (w*2*L*vo)/(e_m*(Vr+Vo))\n",
- "Bi = 1 #Assumption\n",
- "X_dash = (V1*theta_o)/(2*Vo)\n",
- "X = 1.51 #from graph\n",
- "J1X = 0.84\n",
- "N = ((2*J1X)/((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2)))*100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"The value of repeller voltage is\",round(Vr,2),\"V (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
- "print \"The dc necesaary to give the microwave gap of voltage of 200V is\",round((Io/1E-3),2),\"mA\"\n",
- "print \"The elctron efficiency is\", round(N,2),\"%\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The value of repeller voltage is 1189.36 V (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
- "The dc necesaary to give the microwave gap of voltage of 200V is 8.59 mA\n",
- "The elctron efficiency is 15.28 %\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 41
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.7, Page number 342"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)Determine the efficiency of the reflex klystron\n",
- "b)Find the total power output in mW\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "n = 1 #no. of modes\n",
- "Pdc = 40*10**-3 #input power(W)\n",
- "V1_Vo = 0.278 #ratio\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "N = (V1_Vo*3*math.pi)/4\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b \n",
- "Pout = (8.91*Pdc)/100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "Pl = (Pout*80)/100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"The efficiency of the reflex klystron is\",round(N,3)\n",
- "print \"The total power output is\",round((Pout/1E-3),2),\"W\"\n",
- "print \"The power delivered to the load is\",round((Pl/1E-3),2),\"W\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- " The efficiency of the reflex klystron is 0.655\n",
- "The total power output is 3.56 W\n",
- "The power delivered to the load is 2.85 W\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 23
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.8, Page number 343"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)Hull cut-off voltage\n",
- "b)Cut-off magnetic flux density\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "a = 0.15 #inner raddius(m)\n",
- "b = 0.45 #outer radius(m)\n",
- "Bo = 1.2*10**-3 #magnetic flux density(Wb/m^2)\n",
- "Vo = 6000. #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "e = 1.759*10**11\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "V = (e*Bo*(b**2)*(1-(a**2/b**2))**2)/8\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Bc = math.sqrt(8*Vo)/(e**2)*b*(1-(a**2/b**2))**2\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "wc = (e*Bo)/(math.pi*2)\n",
- "\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Please note that here are calculation errors in this problem. Hence, the difference in answers\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Hull cut-off voltage =\",round((V/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
- "print \"Cut-off magnetic flux density =\",((Bc/1E-3)),\"mwb/m^2\"\n",
- "print \"Cyclotron frequency =\",round(wc,2),\"Hz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Please note that here are calculation errors in this problem. Hence, the difference in answers\n",
- "\n",
- "Hull cut-off voltage = 4221.6 kV\n",
- "Cut-off magnetic flux density = 2.51765610822e-18 mwb/m^2\n",
- "Cyclotron frequency = 33594425.39 Hz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.9, Page number 343"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "d = 2*10**-3 #diameter of helical TWT(m)\n",
- "n = 50. #no. of turns per cm\n",
- "v = 3*10**8 #velocity of light(m/s)\n",
- "m = 9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron\n",
- "e = 1.6*10**-19 #charge on electron\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "p = 1/n*10**-2 #pitch(m)\n",
- "c = math.pi*d #circumference(m)\n",
- "Vp = (v*p)/c \n",
- "\n",
- "Vo = (m*(Vp**2))/(2*e)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Axial phase velociity =\",round(Vp,2),\"m/sec\"\n",
- "print \"Anode voltage =\",round(Vo,2),\"V(Calculation mistake in the textbook)\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Axial phase velociity = 9549296.59 m/sec\n",
- "Anode voltage = 259.32 V(Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 8
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.10, Page number 344"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)electron velocity\n",
- "b)dc electronic transit time\n",
- "c)input voltage for maximum output voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vo = 900 #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Io = 30.*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
- "f = 8.*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "d = 1.*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
- "L = 4.*10**-2 #spacing between centres of cavity(m)\n",
- "Rsh = 40.*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Tt = d/vo\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
- "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2) #Beam coupling coefficient\n",
- "theta_o = (w*L)/vo #dc transit angle\n",
- "#For maximum o/p volltage,\n",
- "J1X = 0.582\n",
- "X = 1.841\n",
- "V1max = (2*Vo*X)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part d\n",
- "Av = (Bo**2*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Io*X)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+7),1),\"*10**7 m/sec\"\n",
- "print \"Transit time =\",round((Tt/1E-10),2),\"*10^-10 s\"\n",
- "print \"Input voltage for maximum output voltage =\",round(V1max,2),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"Voltage gain =\",round((Av/1E+6),2),\"dB\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "dc electron velocity = 1.8 *10**7 m/sec\n",
- "Transit time = 0.56 *10^-10 s\n",
- "Input voltage for maximum output voltage = 41.95 V\n",
- "Voltage gain = 23.28 dB\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 7
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.11, Page number 345"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)dc electron velocity\n",
- "b)dc phase constant\n",
- "c)plasma frequency\n",
- "d)reduced plasma frequency\n",
- "e)beam current density\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vo = 20*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Io = 2 #beam current(A)\n",
- "f = 9*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "rho_o = 10**-6 #dc electron charge density(c/m^3)\n",
- "rho = 10**-8 #RF charge density(c/m^3)\n",
- "V = 10**5 #velocity perturbations(m/s)\n",
- "eo = 8.854*10**-12\n",
- "R = 0.5\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "vo = 0.59*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "w = 2.*math.pi*f\n",
- "ip = w/vo #dc phase current\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "wp = math.sqrt((1.759*10**11*rho_o)/eo)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part d\n",
- "wq = R*wp\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part e\n",
- "Jo = rho_o * vo\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part f\n",
- "J = rho*vo-rho_o*V\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+7),3),\"*10**7 m/sec\"\n",
- "print \"dc phase constant =\",round(ip,2),\"rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
- "print \"plasma frequency =\",round((wp/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
- "print \"Reduced plasma frequency =\",round((wq/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
- "print \"dc beam current density =\",round(Jo,2), \"A/m^2\"\n",
- "print \"instantaeneous beam current density =\",round(J,2),\"A/m^2\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "dc electron velocity = 8.344 *10**7 m/sec\n",
- "dc phase constant = 677.73 rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
- "plasma frequency = 1.41 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
- "Reduced plasma frequency = 0.705 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
- "dc beam current density = 83.44 A/m^2\n",
- "instantaeneous beam current density = 0.73 A/m^2\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 71
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.12, Page number 345"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "f = 5*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Vo = 1000 #operating voltage(V)\n",
- "n = 1.75 #no. of turns\n",
- "Vr = -500 #repeller voltage(V)\n",
- "d = 2*10**-3 #cavity gap(m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "uo = 5.93*10**5*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
- "theta_g = (w*d)/uo\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Transit angle =\",round(theta_g,2),\"radians\"\n",
- "print \"\\nThe length of drift region cannot be computed as the value of F is not given\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Transit angle = 3.35 radians\n",
- "\n",
- "The length of drift region cannot be computed as the value of F is not given\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 8
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.13, Page number 346"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)input RF voltage\n",
- "b)voltage gain\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "f = 10*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Vo = 1200 #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Io = 30*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
- "d = 1*10**-3 #diameter(m)\n",
- "Rsh = 40*10**3 #shunt resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "L = 4*10**-2 #length(m)\n",
- "X = 1.84\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "vo = 0.59*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "theta_o = (w*L)/vo\n",
- "V1 = (2*X*Vo)/theta_o\n",
- "theta_g = (theta_o*d)/L\n",
- "Bi = (math.sin(theta_g/2))/(theta_g/2)\n",
- "V1max = V1/Bi\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "J1X = 0.58 #from table\n",
- "I2 = 2*Io*J1X\n",
- "V2 = Bi*I2*Rsh\n",
- "A = V2/V1\n",
- "Av = 20*math.log10(A)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "N = ((0.58*V2)/Vo)*100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Input RF voltage is\",round(V1max,2),\"V\" \n",
- "print \"Voltage gain is\",round(Av,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"efficiency is\",round(N,2),\"%\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Input RF voltage is 55.23 V\n",
- "Voltage gain is 28.03 dB\n",
- "efficiency is 43.75 %\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 17
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.14, Page number 347"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)cyclotron angular frequency\n",
- "b)Hull cut-off voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vo = 30*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Io = 80 #beam current(A)\n",
- "Bo = 0.01 #Wb/m**2\n",
- "a = 4*10**-2 #length of magnetron(m)\n",
- "b = 8*10**-2 #breadth of magnetron(m)\n",
- "e = 1.6*10**-19 #charge on electron(C)\n",
- "m = 9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "w = (e*Bo)/m\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Vhc = (e*(Bo**2)*(b**2)*((1-((a/b)**2))**2))/(8*m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#PArt c\n",
- "Bc = ((8*Vo*(m/e))**0.5)/(b*(1-((a/b)**2)))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Cyclotron angular frequency =\",round((w/1E+9),3),\"*10**9 rad/s\"\n",
- "print \"Hull cut-off voltage =\",round((Vhc/1E+3),3),\"kV\"\n",
- "print \"Cut-off magnetic flux density =\",round((Bc/1E-3),3),\"mWb/m**2\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Cyclotron angular frequency = 1.758 *10**9 rad/s\n",
- "Hull cut-off voltage = 7.912 kV\n",
- "Cut-off magnetic flux density = 19.472 mWb/m**2\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 26
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.15, Page number 348"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)input power\n",
- "b)output power\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "n = 2 #mode\n",
- "Vo = 280 #beam volatge(V)\n",
- "Io = 22*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
- "V1 = 30 #signal voltage(V)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "Pdc = Vo*Io\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "J1X = 1.25 #from table\n",
- "Pac = (2*Pdc*J1X)/((2*n*math.pi)-(math.pi/2))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "N = (Pac/Pdc)*100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Input power =\",round(Pdc,2),\"W\"\n",
- "print \"Output power =\",round(Pac,2),\"W\"\n",
- "print \"Efficiency =\",round(N,2),\"%\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Input power = 6.16 W\n",
- "Output power = 1.4 W\n",
- "Efficiency = 22.74 %\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 28
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 8.16, Page number 348"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)repeller voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Vo = 300 #beam voltage(V)\n",
- "Rsh = 20*10**3 #shunt resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "L = 1*10**-3 #length(m)\n",
- "V1 = 200 #gap voltage(V)\n",
- "e_m = 1.759*10**11\n",
- "n = 2 #mode\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
- "x = (e_m*((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2))**2)/(8*(w**2)*(L**2))\n",
- "y = math.sqrt(Vo/x)\n",
- "Vr = y+Vo\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Bo = 1 #assumption\n",
- "J1X = 0.582 #from table\n",
- "Io = V1/(2*J1X*Rsh)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Repeller voltage =\",round(Vr,3),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"Beam current =\",round((Io/1E-3),2),\"mA\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Repeller voltage = 833.98 V\n",
- "Beam current = 8.59 mA\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 37
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:35777e633db88a5618cd88c47986862d4ccaaacc3cda8478283a81851ed8d31c"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 8: Microwave Tubes and Circuits"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.1, Page number 336"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 14.5*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "i = 1.4 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 10*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "rho_o = 10**-6 #dc electron charge density(c/m^3)\n",
+ "rho = 10**-8 #RF charge density(c/m^3)\n",
+ "V = 10**5 #velocity perturbations(m/s)\n",
+ "eo = 8.854*10**-12\n",
+ "R = 0.4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo) #dc electron velocity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "w = 2.*math.pi*f\n",
+ "ip = w/vo #dc phase current\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "wp = math.sqrt((1.759*10**11*rho_o)/eo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "wq = R*wp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part e\n",
+ "Jo = rho_o * vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part f\n",
+ "J = rho*vo+rho_o*V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc phase curent =\",round(ip,2),\"rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
+ "print \"plasma frequency =\",round((wp/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Reduced plasma frequency =\",round((wq/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc beam current density =\",round(Jo,2), \"A/m^2\"\n",
+ "print \"instantaeneous beam current density =\",round(J,3),\"A/m^2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "dc electron velocity = 0.714 *10**8 m/sec\n",
+ "dc phase curent = 879.92 rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
+ "plasma frequency = 1.41 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
+ "Reduced plasma frequency = 0.564 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
+ "dc beam current density = 71.41 A/m^2\n",
+ "instantaeneous beam current density = 0.814 A/m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 73
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.2, Page number 337"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Av = 15. #voltage gain(dB)\n",
+ "Pin = 5*10**-3 #input power(W)\n",
+ "Rsh_in = 30*10**3 #Rsh of input cavity(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rsh_out = 20.*10**3 #Rsh of output cavity(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rl = 40*10**4 #load impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "V1 = math.sqrt(Pin*Rsh_in) #input rms voltage\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "#Av = 20log(V2/V1) db\n",
+ "V2 = V1*10**(Av/20) #deriving V2 from above equation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Pout = (V2**2)/Rsh_out #output power\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"input rms voltage =\",round(V1,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"output rms voltage =\",round(V2,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"output power =\",round((Pout/1E-3),2),\"mW\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "input rms voltage = 12.25 V\n",
+ "output rms voltage = 68.87 V\n",
+ "output power = 237.17 mW\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 50
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.3, Page number 338"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "a\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n = 2 #no. of modes\n",
+ "Vo = 300 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 20*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "J1X = 1.25\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Pdc = Vo*Io #input power\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Pac = (2*Pdc*J1X)/(2*math.pi*n-(math.pi/2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "N = (Pac/Pdc)*100. #efficiency\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Input power =\",round(Pdc,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Output power =\",round(Pac,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Efficiency =\",round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input power = 6.0 W\n",
+ "Output power = 1.36 W\n",
+ "Efficiency = 22.74 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 60
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.4, Page number 338"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Varaible declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 900 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 30*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "d = 1*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
+ "L = 4*10**-2 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
+ "Rsh = 40*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582\n",
+ "X = 1.841\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "To = L/vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "theta_o = w*To\n",
+ "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
+ "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2)\n",
+ "V1_max = (Vo*3.68)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "Ro = Vo/Io\n",
+ "Av = ((Bo**2)*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Ro*X)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+6),2),\"*10**6 m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc transit time of electrons =\",round((To/1E-8),3),\"*10**-8 sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Maximum input voltage =\",round(V1_max,3),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Volatge gain =\",round(Av,3),\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Electron velocity = 17.79 *10**6 m/sec\n",
+ "dc transit time of electrons = 0.225 *10**-8 sec\n",
+ "Maximum input voltage = 41.923 V\n",
+ "Volatge gain = 23.278 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 86
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.5, Page number 339"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 1200. #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 28*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "d = 1*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
+ "L = 4.*10**-2 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
+ "Rsh = 40*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582\n",
+ "X = 1.841\n",
+ "Go = 23.3*10**-6\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "theta_o = (w*L)/vo\n",
+ "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
+ "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2)\n",
+ "V1_max = (Vo*3.68)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Ro = Vo/Io\n",
+ "Av = ((Bo**2)*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Ro*X)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "V2 = 2*Io*J1X*Bo*Rsh\n",
+ "N = ((0.58*V2)/Vo)*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "Gb = (Go*((Bo**2)-(Bo*math.cos(theta_g))))/2\n",
+ "Rb = 1/Gb\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The input microwave voltage V1 in order to generate maximum output voltage is\",round(V1_max,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"The voltage gain (reflecting beam loading in the output cavity) is\",round(Av,3)\n",
+ "print \"The efficiency of the amplifier neglecting beam loading is\",round(N,3),\"%\" \n",
+ "print \"The beam loading conductance is\",round((Rb/1E+3),2),\"K Ohms (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
+ "print \"The value of\",round((Rb/1E+3),2),\"K Ohms is very much comparable to Rsh and cannot be neglected because theta_g is quite high\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The input microwave voltage V1 in order to generate maximum output voltage is 58.71 V\n",
+ "The voltage gain (reflecting beam loading in the output cavity) is 17.058\n",
+ "The efficiency of the amplifier neglecting beam loading is 48.427 %\n",
+ "The beam loading conductance is 72.68 K Ohms (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
+ "The value of 72.68 K Ohms is very much comparable to Rsh and cannot be neglected because theta_g is quite high\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 111
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.6, Page number 341"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 500. #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Rsh = 20*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "L = 1.*10**-3 #spacing between centers of cavities(m)\n",
+ "n = 2\n",
+ "e_m = 1.759*10**11\n",
+ "V1 = 200\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "x = (e_m*((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2))**2)/(8*(w**2)*(L**2))\n",
+ "y = math.sqrt(Vo/x)\n",
+ "Vr = y+Vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Bo = 1 #Assumption\n",
+ "Io = V1/(2*J1X*Rsh)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "theta_o = (w*2*L*vo)/(e_m*(Vr+Vo))\n",
+ "Bi = 1 #Assumption\n",
+ "X_dash = (V1*theta_o)/(2*Vo)\n",
+ "X = 1.51 #from graph\n",
+ "J1X = 0.84\n",
+ "N = ((2*J1X)/((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2)))*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The value of repeller voltage is\",round(Vr,2),\"V (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
+ "print \"The dc necesaary to give the microwave gap of voltage of 200V is\",round((Io/1E-3),2),\"mA\"\n",
+ "print \"The elctron efficiency is\", round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The value of repeller voltage is 1189.36 V (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
+ "The dc necesaary to give the microwave gap of voltage of 200V is 8.59 mA\n",
+ "The elctron efficiency is 15.28 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 41
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.7, Page number 342"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n = 1 #no. of modes\n",
+ "Pdc = 40*10**-3 #input power(W)\n",
+ "V1_Vo = 0.278 #ratio\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "N = (V1_Vo*3*math.pi)/4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b \n",
+ "Pout = (8.91*Pdc)/100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Pl = (Pout*80)/100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The efficiency of the reflex klystron is\",round(N,3)\n",
+ "print \"The total power output is\",round((Pout/1E-3),2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"The power delivered to the load is\",round((Pl/1E-3),2),\"W\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " The efficiency of the reflex klystron is 0.655\n",
+ "The total power output is 3.56 W\n",
+ "The power delivered to the load is 2.85 W\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.8, Page number 343"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "a = 0.15 #inner raddius(m)\n",
+ "b = 0.45 #outer radius(m)\n",
+ "Bo = 1.2*10**-3 #magnetic flux density(Wb/m^2)\n",
+ "Vo = 6000. #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "e = 1.759*10**11\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "V = (e*Bo*(b**2)*(1-(a**2/b**2))**2)/8\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Bc = math.sqrt(8*Vo)/(e**2)*b*(1-(a**2/b**2))**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "wc = (e*Bo)/(math.pi*2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Please note that here are calculation errors in this problem. Hence, the difference in answers\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Hull cut-off voltage =\",round((V/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
+ "print \"Cut-off magnetic flux density =\",((Bc/1E-3)),\"mwb/m^2\"\n",
+ "print \"Cyclotron frequency =\",round(wc,2),\"Hz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Please note that here are calculation errors in this problem. Hence, the difference in answers\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Hull cut-off voltage = 4221.6 kV\n",
+ "Cut-off magnetic flux density = 2.51765610822e-18 mwb/m^2\n",
+ "Cyclotron frequency = 33594425.39 Hz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.9, Page number 343"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "d = 2*10**-3 #diameter of helical TWT(m)\n",
+ "n = 50. #no. of turns per cm\n",
+ "v = 3*10**8 #velocity of light(m/s)\n",
+ "m = 9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron\n",
+ "e = 1.6*10**-19 #charge on electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "p = 1/n*10**-2 #pitch(m)\n",
+ "c = math.pi*d #circumference(m)\n",
+ "Vp = (v*p)/c \n",
+ "\n",
+ "Vo = (m*(Vp**2))/(2*e)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Axial phase velociity =\",round(Vp,2),\"m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Anode voltage =\",round(Vo,2),\"V(Calculation mistake in the textbook)\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Axial phase velociity = 9549296.59 m/sec\n",
+ "Anode voltage = 259.32 V(Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.10, Page number 344"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 900 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 30.*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 8.*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "d = 1.*10**-3 #gap spacing in either cavity(m)\n",
+ "L = 4.*10**-2 #spacing between centres of cavity(m)\n",
+ "Rsh = 40.*10**3 #effective shunt impedance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Tt = d/vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "theta_g = (w*d)/vo\n",
+ "Bo = math.sin(theta_g/2)/(theta_g/2) #Beam coupling coefficient\n",
+ "theta_o = (w*L)/vo #dc transit angle\n",
+ "#For maximum o/p volltage,\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582\n",
+ "X = 1.841\n",
+ "V1max = (2*Vo*X)/(Bo*theta_o)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "Av = (Bo**2*theta_o*J1X*Rsh)/(Io*X)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+7),1),\"*10**7 m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Transit time =\",round((Tt/1E-10),2),\"*10^-10 s\"\n",
+ "print \"Input voltage for maximum output voltage =\",round(V1max,2),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Voltage gain =\",round((Av/1E+6),2),\"dB\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "dc electron velocity = 1.8 *10**7 m/sec\n",
+ "Transit time = 0.56 *10^-10 s\n",
+ "Input voltage for maximum output voltage = 41.95 V\n",
+ "Voltage gain = 23.28 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.11, Page number 345"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 20*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 2 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "f = 9*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "rho_o = 10**-6 #dc electron charge density(c/m^3)\n",
+ "rho = 10**-8 #RF charge density(c/m^3)\n",
+ "V = 10**5 #velocity perturbations(m/s)\n",
+ "eo = 8.854*10**-12\n",
+ "R = 0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.59*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "w = 2.*math.pi*f\n",
+ "ip = w/vo #dc phase current\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "wp = math.sqrt((1.759*10**11*rho_o)/eo)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "wq = R*wp\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part e\n",
+ "Jo = rho_o * vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part f\n",
+ "J = rho*vo-rho_o*V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"dc electron velocity =\",round((vo/1E+7),3),\"*10**7 m/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc phase constant =\",round(ip,2),\"rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\"\n",
+ "print \"plasma frequency =\",round((wp/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Reduced plasma frequency =\",round((wq/1E+8),3),\"*10**8 rad/sec\"\n",
+ "print \"dc beam current density =\",round(Jo,2), \"A/m^2\"\n",
+ "print \"instantaeneous beam current density =\",round(J,2),\"A/m^2\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "dc electron velocity = 8.344 *10**7 m/sec\n",
+ "dc phase constant = 677.73 rad/sec (Calculation mistake in the textbook)\n",
+ "plasma frequency = 1.41 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
+ "Reduced plasma frequency = 0.705 *10**8 rad/sec\n",
+ "dc beam current density = 83.44 A/m^2\n",
+ "instantaeneous beam current density = 0.73 A/m^2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 71
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.12, Page number 345"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 5*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Vo = 1000 #operating voltage(V)\n",
+ "n = 1.75 #no. of turns\n",
+ "Vr = -500 #repeller voltage(V)\n",
+ "d = 2*10**-3 #cavity gap(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "uo = 5.93*10**5*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "theta_g = (w*d)/uo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Transit angle =\",round(theta_g,2),\"radians\"\n",
+ "print \"\\nThe length of drift region cannot be computed as the value of F is not given\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Transit angle = 3.35 radians\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The length of drift region cannot be computed as the value of F is not given\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.13, Page number 346"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 10*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Vo = 1200 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 30*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "d = 1*10**-3 #diameter(m)\n",
+ "Rsh = 40*10**3 #shunt resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "L = 4*10**-2 #length(m)\n",
+ "X = 1.84\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "vo = 0.59*10**6*math.sqrt(Vo)\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "theta_o = (w*L)/vo\n",
+ "V1 = (2*X*Vo)/theta_o\n",
+ "theta_g = (theta_o*d)/L\n",
+ "Bi = (math.sin(theta_g/2))/(theta_g/2)\n",
+ "V1max = V1/Bi\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "J1X = 0.58 #from table\n",
+ "I2 = 2*Io*J1X\n",
+ "V2 = Bi*I2*Rsh\n",
+ "A = V2/V1\n",
+ "Av = 20*math.log10(A)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "N = ((0.58*V2)/Vo)*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Input RF voltage is\",round(V1max,2),\"V\" \n",
+ "print \"Voltage gain is\",round(Av,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"efficiency is\",round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input RF voltage is 55.23 V\n",
+ "Voltage gain is 28.03 dB\n",
+ "efficiency is 43.75 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.14, Page number 347"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vo = 30*10**3 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Io = 80 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "Bo = 0.01 #Wb/m**2\n",
+ "a = 4*10**-2 #length of magnetron(m)\n",
+ "b = 8*10**-2 #breadth of magnetron(m)\n",
+ "e = 1.6*10**-19 #charge on electron(C)\n",
+ "m = 9.1*10**-31 #mass of electron\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "w = (e*Bo)/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Vhc = (e*(Bo**2)*(b**2)*((1-((a/b)**2))**2))/(8*m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#PArt c\n",
+ "Bc = ((8*Vo*(m/e))**0.5)/(b*(1-((a/b)**2)))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Cyclotron angular frequency =\",round((w/1E+9),3),\"*10**9 rad/s\"\n",
+ "print \"Hull cut-off voltage =\",round((Vhc/1E+3),3),\"kV\"\n",
+ "print \"Cut-off magnetic flux density =\",round((Bc/1E-3),3),\"mWb/m**2\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Cyclotron angular frequency = 1.758 *10**9 rad/s\n",
+ "Hull cut-off voltage = 7.912 kV\n",
+ "Cut-off magnetic flux density = 19.472 mWb/m**2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 26
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.15, Page number 348"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "n = 2 #mode\n",
+ "Vo = 280 #beam volatge(V)\n",
+ "Io = 22*10**-3 #beam current(A)\n",
+ "V1 = 30 #signal voltage(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Pdc = Vo*Io\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "J1X = 1.25 #from table\n",
+ "Pac = (2*Pdc*J1X)/((2*n*math.pi)-(math.pi/2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "N = (Pac/Pdc)*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Input power =\",round(Pdc,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Output power =\",round(Pac,2),\"W\"\n",
+ "print \"Efficiency =\",round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Input power = 6.16 W\n",
+ "Output power = 1.4 W\n",
+ "Efficiency = 22.74 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 28
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 8.16, Page number 348"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 8*10**9 #frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Vo = 300 #beam voltage(V)\n",
+ "Rsh = 20*10**3 #shunt resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "L = 1*10**-3 #length(m)\n",
+ "V1 = 200 #gap voltage(V)\n",
+ "e_m = 1.759*10**11\n",
+ "n = 2 #mode\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "w = 2*math.pi*f\n",
+ "x = (e_m*((2*math.pi*n)-(math.pi/2))**2)/(8*(w**2)*(L**2))\n",
+ "y = math.sqrt(Vo/x)\n",
+ "Vr = y+Vo\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Bo = 1 #assumption\n",
+ "J1X = 0.582 #from table\n",
+ "Io = V1/(2*J1X*Rsh)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Repeller voltage =\",round(Vr,3),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Beam current =\",round((Io/1E-3),2),\"mA\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Repeller voltage = 833.98 V\n",
+ "Beam current = 8.59 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
} \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_9.ipynb b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_9.ipynb
index 99126c13..9e0e63f1 100644
--- a/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_9.ipynb
+++ b/Microwave_and_Radar_Engineering/Chapter_9.ipynb
@@ -1,616 +1,612 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": "Chapter 9"
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Chapter 9:Solid State Microwave devices"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.1, Page number 411"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "L = 2*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
- "Vd = 10**7*10**-2 #dfrift velocit(m/s)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "f = Vd/(2*L)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Frequncy of IMPATT diode is\",round((f/1E+9),2),\"GHz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Frequncy of IMPATT diode is 25.0 GHz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.2, Page number 411"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "f = 10*10**9 #operating frequency(Hz)\n",
- "L = 75*10**-6 #device length(m)\n",
- "V = 25. #voltage pulse amplified(V)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "Eth = V/(L)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The threshold electric field is\",round((Eth/1E+5),2),\"KV/cm\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The threshold electric field is 3.33 KV/cm\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 20
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.3, Page number 411"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)power gain in dB\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "fs = 2*10**9 #signal frequency(Hz)\n",
- "fp = 12*10**9 #pump frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Ri = 16 #output resistance of signal generator(Ohms)\n",
- "Rs = 1*10**3 #resistance of signal generator(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a \n",
- "P = 10*math.log10((fp-fs)/fs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Pc = 10*math.log10((fp+fs)/fs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Power gain =\",round(P,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Power gain as USB converter =\",round(Pc,2),\"dB\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\n",
- "\n",
- "Power gain = 6.99 dB\n",
- "Power gain as USB converter = 8.45 dB\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 10
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.4, Page number 411"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)critical voltage\n",
- "b)breakdown voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Es = 12.5 #relative dielectric constant\n",
- "N = 3.2*10**22 #donor concentration(/m**3)\n",
- "L = 8*10**-6 #length(m)\n",
- "Eo = 8.854*10**-12 #dielectric constant\n",
- "q = 1.6*10**-19\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "Vc = (q*N*L**2)/(2*Eo*Es)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Vbd = 2*Vc\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "Ebd = Vbd/L\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Critical voltage =\",round((Vc/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
- "print \"Breakdown voltage =\",round((Vbd/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
- "print \"Breakdown electric field =\",round((Ebd/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 V/cm\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Critical voltage = 1.48 kV\n",
- "Breakdown voltage = 2.96 kV\n",
- "Breakdown electric field = 3.7 *10**8 V/cm\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 15
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.5, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Na = 2.5*10**16 #doping concentration(/cm**3)\n",
- "J = 33*10**3 #current density(A/cm**2)\n",
- "q = 1.6*10**-19\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "Vz = J/(q*Na)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"The avalanche zone velocity is\",round((Vz/1E+6),2),\"*10**6 cm/s\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The avalanche zone velocity is 8.25 *10**6 cm/s\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 17
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.6, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Rd = -25 #negative resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "Rl = 50 #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "G = ((Rd-Rl)/(Rd+Rl))**2\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Power gain =\",G"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Power gain = 9\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 20
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.7, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "L = 5.*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
- "V = 3.3*10**3 #voltagradient(V/cm)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "Vmin = V*L\n",
- "\n",
- "#Result\n",
- "print \"The minimum voltage required is\",round(Vmin,4),\"V\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The minimum voltage required is 0.0165 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 37
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.8, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vd = 2*10**7 #drift velocity(cm/s)\n",
- "L = 20*10**-6 #active lengh(m)\n",
- "Ec = 3.3*10**3 #crtical field(GaAs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "f = Vd/L\n",
- "V = L*Ec\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\\n\"\n",
- "print \"Rational frequency =\",round((f/1E+9),2),\"GHz\"\n",
- "print \"Critical voltage =\",round(V,3),\"V\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\n",
- "\n",
- "Rational frequency = 1000.0 GHz\n",
- "Critical voltage = 0.066 V\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 40
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.9, Page number 412"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "\n",
- "from math import pi,sqrt\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Cj = 0.5*10**-12 #capacitance of IMPATT diode(F)\n",
- "Lp = 0.5*10**-9 #Inductance of IMPATT diode(H)\n",
- "Vbd = 100 #breakdown voltage(V)\n",
- "Ib = 100*10**-3 #dc bias current(A)\n",
- "Ip = 0.8 #peak current(A)\n",
- "Rl = 2 #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "f = 1/(2*pi*sqrt(Lp*Cj))\n",
- "Pl = ((Ip**2)*Rl)/2\n",
- "Pdc = Vbd*Ib\n",
- "N = (Pl/Pdc)*100\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"The resonant frequency is\",round((f/1E+9),1),\"GHz\"\n",
- "print \"Efficiency is\",round(N,2),\"%\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "The resonant frequency is 10.1 GHz\n",
- "Efficiency is 6.4 %\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.10, Page number 413"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)drift time\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Vd = 10**5 #carrier dirft velocity(cm/s)\n",
- "L = 2*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "tou = L/Vd\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "f = 1/(2*tou)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Drift time of the carrier is\",round((tou/1E-11),2),\"*10**-11 sec\"\n",
- "print \"Operating frequency of diode is\",(f/1E+9),\"GHz\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Drift time of the carrier is 2.0 *10**-11 sec\n",
- "Operating frequency of diode is 25.0 GHz\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.11, Page number 413"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)breakdown voltage\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "Er = 11.8 #relative dielectric constant\n",
- "N = 3*10**21 #donor concentration(m^-3)\n",
- "L = 6.2*10**-6 #Si length(m)\n",
- "q = 1.6*10**-19 #charge of an electron(C)\n",
- "Eo = 8.854*10**-12 #dielctric constant\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "Vbd = (q*N*L**2)/(Eo*Er)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "Ebd = Vbd/L\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Breakdown voltage =\",round(Vbd,1),\"V\"\n",
- "print \"Breakdown electric field =\",round((Ebd/1E+7),2),\"*10**7 V/m\""
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Breakdown voltage = 176.6 V\n",
- "Breakdown electric field = 2.85 *10**7 V/m\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 7
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.12, Page number 413"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)Maximum power gain\n",
- "b)Noise figure\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "rQ = 8. #figure of merit\n",
- "fo_fs = 8. #ratio of o/p to i/p frequency\n",
- "Td = 300. #diode temperatur(K)\n",
- "To = 300. #ambient temperature(K)\n",
- "r = 0.2\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "X = rQ**2/fo_fs\n",
- "G = (X/((1+math.sqrt(1+X))**2))*fo_fs\n",
- "g = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "F = 1+((2*Td)/To)*((1/rQ)+(1/rQ**2))\n",
- "f = 10*math.log10(F)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "BW = 2*r*math.sqrt(fo_fs)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Maximum power gain =\",round(g,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Noise figure =\",round(f,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Bandwidth =\",round(BW,2)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Maximum power gain = 6.02 dB\n",
- "Noise figure = 1.08 dB\n",
- "Bandwidth = 1.13\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 41
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 9.13, Page number 414"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "a)Equivalent noise resistance\n",
- "b)Gain\n",
- "c)Noise figure\n",
- "\n",
- "import math\n",
- "\n",
- "#Variable declaration\n",
- "fs = 2*10**9 #signal frequency(Hz)\n",
- "fp = 12*10**9 #amplifier frquency(Hz)\n",
- "fi = 10*10**9 #input frequency(Hz)\n",
- "fd = 5*10**9 #diode frequency(Hz)\n",
- "Ri = 1*10**3 #input resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "Rg = 1*10**3 #gate resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "RTs = 1*10**3 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "RTi = 1*10**3 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
- "r = 0.35 #resistane(Ohms)\n",
- "rQ = 10. #figure of merit\n",
- "rd = 300 #diode temperature(K)\n",
- "C = 0.01*10**-12 #capacitance(F)\n",
- "Td = 300\n",
- "To = 300\n",
- "\n",
- "#Calculations\n",
- "#Part a\n",
- "ws = 2*pi*fs\n",
- "wi = 2*pi*fi\n",
- "R = (r**2)/(ws*wi*C**2*RTi)\n",
- "a = R/RTs\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part b\n",
- "G = (4*fi*Rg*Ri*a)/(fs*RTs*RTi*(1-a)**2)\n",
- "g = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part c\n",
- "F = 1+((2*Td)/To)*((1/rQ)+(1/rQ**2))\n",
- "f = 10*math.log10(F)\n",
- "\n",
- "#Part d\n",
- "BW = (r/2)*math.sqrt(fd/(fs*G))\n",
- "\n",
- "#Results\n",
- "print \"Equivalent noise resistance =\",round(a,2),\"Ohms\"\n",
- "print \"Gain =\",round(g,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Noise figure =\",round(f,2),\"dB\"\n",
- "print \"Bandwidth =\",round(BW,3),\"(Calculation error in the textbook)\"\n"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "output_type": "stream",
- "stream": "stdout",
- "text": [
- "Equivalent noise resistance = 1.55 Ohms\n",
- "Gain = 20.09 dB\n",
- "Noise figure = 0.86 dB\n",
- "Bandwidth = 0.027 (Calculation error in the textbook)\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
+{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:f43deb1cbcb6a316216c1fc44f3f241bda49709364f3041975049a823ac19904"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 9:Solid State Microwave devices"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.1, Page number 411"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L = 2*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
+ "Vd = 10**7*10**-2 #dfrift velocit(m/s)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "f = Vd/(2*L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Frequncy of IMPATT diode is\",round((f/1E+9),2),\"GHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Frequncy of IMPATT diode is 25.0 GHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.2, Page number 411"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "f = 10*10**9 #operating frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "L = 75*10**-6 #device length(m)\n",
+ "V = 25. #voltage pulse amplified(V)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Eth = V/(L)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The threshold electric field is\",round((Eth/1E+5),2),\"KV/cm\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The threshold electric field is 3.33 KV/cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.3, Page number 411"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "fs = 2*10**9 #signal frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "fp = 12*10**9 #pump frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Ri = 16 #output resistance of signal generator(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rs = 1*10**3 #resistance of signal generator(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a \n",
+ "P = 10*math.log10((fp-fs)/fs)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Pc = 10*math.log10((fp+fs)/fs)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Power gain =\",round(P,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Power gain as USB converter =\",round(Pc,2),\"dB\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Power gain = 6.99 dB\n",
+ "Power gain as USB converter = 8.45 dB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 10
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.4, Page number 411"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Es = 12.5 #relative dielectric constant\n",
+ "N = 3.2*10**22 #donor concentration(/m**3)\n",
+ "L = 8*10**-6 #length(m)\n",
+ "Eo = 8.854*10**-12 #dielectric constant\n",
+ "q = 1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Vc = (q*N*L**2)/(2*Eo*Es)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Vbd = 2*Vc\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "Ebd = Vbd/L\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Critical voltage =\",round((Vc/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown voltage =\",round((Vbd/1E+3),2),\"kV\"\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown electric field =\",round((Ebd/1E+8),2),\"*10**8 V/cm\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Critical voltage = 1.48 kV\n",
+ "Breakdown voltage = 2.96 kV\n",
+ "Breakdown electric field = 3.7 *10**8 V/cm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 15
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.5, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Na = 2.5*10**16 #doping concentration(/cm**3)\n",
+ "J = 33*10**3 #current density(A/cm**2)\n",
+ "q = 1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Vz = J/(q*Na)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The avalanche zone velocity is\",round((Vz/1E+6),2),\"*10**6 cm/s\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The avalanche zone velocity is 8.25 *10**6 cm/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 17
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.6, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Rd = -25 #negative resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rl = 50 #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "G = ((Rd-Rl)/(Rd+Rl))**2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Power gain =\",G"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Power gain = 9\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 20
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.7, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "L = 5.*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
+ "V = 3.3*10**3 #voltagradient(V/cm)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "Vmin = V*L\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"The minimum voltage required is\",round(Vmin,4),\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The minimum voltage required is 0.0165 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 37
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.8, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vd = 2*10**7 #drift velocity(cm/s)\n",
+ "L = 20*10**-6 #active lengh(m)\n",
+ "Ec = 3.3*10**3 #crtical field(GaAs)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "f = Vd/L\n",
+ "V = L*Ec\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\\n\"\n",
+ "print \"Rational frequency =\",round((f/1E+9),2),\"GHz\"\n",
+ "print \"Critical voltage =\",round(V,3),\"V\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Please note that there are calculation mistakes in the textbook. Hence, the difference in answers.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Rational frequency = 1000.0 GHz\n",
+ "Critical voltage = 0.066 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 40
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.9, Page number 412"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "from math import pi,sqrt\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Cj = 0.5*10**-12 #capacitance of IMPATT diode(F)\n",
+ "Lp = 0.5*10**-9 #Inductance of IMPATT diode(H)\n",
+ "Vbd = 100 #breakdown voltage(V)\n",
+ "Ib = 100*10**-3 #dc bias current(A)\n",
+ "Ip = 0.8 #peak current(A)\n",
+ "Rl = 2 #load resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "f = 1/(2*pi*sqrt(Lp*Cj))\n",
+ "Pl = ((Ip**2)*Rl)/2\n",
+ "Pdc = Vbd*Ib\n",
+ "N = (Pl/Pdc)*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"The resonant frequency is\",round((f/1E+9),1),\"GHz\"\n",
+ "print \"Efficiency is\",round(N,2),\"%\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "The resonant frequency is 10.1 GHz\n",
+ "Efficiency is 6.4 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 3
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.10, Page number 413"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vd = 10**5 #carrier dirft velocity(cm/s)\n",
+ "L = 2*10**-6 #drift length(m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "tou = L/Vd\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "f = 1/(2*tou)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Drift time of the carrier is\",round((tou/1E-11),2),\"*10**-11 sec\"\n",
+ "print \"Operating frequency of diode is\",(f/1E+9),\"GHz\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Drift time of the carrier is 2.0 *10**-11 sec\n",
+ "Operating frequency of diode is 25.0 GHz\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.11, Page number 413"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Er = 11.8 #relative dielectric constant\n",
+ "N = 3*10**21 #donor concentration(m^-3)\n",
+ "L = 6.2*10**-6 #Si length(m)\n",
+ "q = 1.6*10**-19 #charge of an electron(C)\n",
+ "Eo = 8.854*10**-12 #dielctric constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "Vbd = (q*N*L**2)/(Eo*Er)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "Ebd = Vbd/L\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown voltage =\",round(Vbd,1),\"V\"\n",
+ "print \"Breakdown electric field =\",round((Ebd/1E+7),2),\"*10**7 V/m\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Breakdown voltage = 176.6 V\n",
+ "Breakdown electric field = 2.85 *10**7 V/m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 7
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.12, Page number 413"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "rQ = 8. #figure of merit\n",
+ "fo_fs = 8. #ratio of o/p to i/p frequency\n",
+ "Td = 300. #diode temperatur(K)\n",
+ "To = 300. #ambient temperature(K)\n",
+ "r = 0.2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "X = rQ**2/fo_fs\n",
+ "G = (X/((1+math.sqrt(1+X))**2))*fo_fs\n",
+ "g = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "F = 1+((2*Td)/To)*((1/rQ)+(1/rQ**2))\n",
+ "f = 10*math.log10(F)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "BW = 2*r*math.sqrt(fo_fs)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Maximum power gain =\",round(g,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Noise figure =\",round(f,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Bandwidth =\",round(BW,2)"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Maximum power gain = 6.02 dB\n",
+ "Noise figure = 1.08 dB\n",
+ "Bandwidth = 1.13\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 41
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Example 9.13, Page number 414"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "fs = 2*10**9 #signal frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "fp = 12*10**9 #amplifier frquency(Hz)\n",
+ "fi = 10*10**9 #input frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "fd = 5*10**9 #diode frequency(Hz)\n",
+ "Ri = 1*10**3 #input resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "Rg = 1*10**3 #gate resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "RTs = 1*10**3 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "RTi = 1*10**3 #resistance(Ohms)\n",
+ "r = 0.35 #resistane(Ohms)\n",
+ "rQ = 10. #figure of merit\n",
+ "rd = 300 #diode temperature(K)\n",
+ "C = 0.01*10**-12 #capacitance(F)\n",
+ "Td = 300\n",
+ "To = 300\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Part a\n",
+ "ws = 2*pi*fs\n",
+ "wi = 2*pi*fi\n",
+ "R = (r**2)/(ws*wi*C**2*RTi)\n",
+ "a = R/RTs\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part b\n",
+ "G = (4*fi*Rg*Ri*a)/(fs*RTs*RTi*(1-a)**2)\n",
+ "g = 10*math.log10(G)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part c\n",
+ "F = 1+((2*Td)/To)*((1/rQ)+(1/rQ**2))\n",
+ "f = 10*math.log10(F)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Part d\n",
+ "BW = (r/2)*math.sqrt(fd/(fs*G))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print \"Equivalent noise resistance =\",round(a,2),\"Ohms\"\n",
+ "print \"Gain =\",round(g,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Noise figure =\",round(f,2),\"dB\"\n",
+ "print \"Bandwidth =\",round(BW,3),\"(Calculation error in the textbook)\"\n"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Equivalent noise resistance = 1.55 Ohms\n",
+ "Gain = 20.09 dB\n",
+ "Noise figure = 0.86 dB\n",
+ "Bandwidth = 0.027 (Calculation error in the textbook)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
} \ No newline at end of file
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-19 17:04:03 +0000