summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authordebashisdeb2014-06-20 15:42:42 +0530
committerdebashisdeb2014-06-20 15:42:42 +0530
commit83c1bfceb1b681b4bb7253b47491be2d8b2014a1 (patch)
treef54eab21dd3d725d64a495fcd47c00d37abed004 /Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction
parenta78126bbe4443e9526a64df9d8245c4af8843044 (diff)
downloadPython-Textbook-Companions-83c1bfceb1b681b4bb7253b47491be2d8b2014a1.tar.gz
Python-Textbook-Companions-83c1bfceb1b681b4bb7253b47491be2d8b2014a1.tar.bz2
Python-Textbook-Companions-83c1bfceb1b681b4bb7253b47491be2d8b2014a1.zip
removing problem statements
Diffstat (limited to 'Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction')
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH10.ipynb10
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH12.ipynb16
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH14.ipynb24
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH16.ipynb15
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH17.ipynb12
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH18.ipynb33
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH19.ipynb3
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH20.ipynb13
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH21.ipynb8
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH3.ipynb45
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH4.ipynb15
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH5.ipynb26
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH6.ipynb33
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH7.ipynb17
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH8.ipynb11
-rw-r--r--Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH9.ipynb11
16 files changed, 0 insertions, 292 deletions
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH10.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH10.ipynb
index 2a7a789c..b7fb2351 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH10.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH10.ipynb
@@ -27,27 +27,21 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#(a)Computation of Critical Nuclear Radius\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"Hf=-1.16*10**9 # in J/m**3 latent heat of fusion\n",
"Y=0.132 # in J/m**2 Surface energy\n",
"Tm=1064.0+273.0 # in K Melting point of gold\n",
"\n",
- "#calculation\n",
"import math\n",
"T=Tm-230.0 # in K 230 is supercooling value\n",
"r=-2*Y*Tm/(Hf*(Tm-T))\n",
"G=16*math.pi*Y**3*Tm**2/(3*Hf**2*(Tm-T)**2)\n",
"\n",
- "#part (b)\n",
"a=0.413*10**-9 # in m Unit Cell edge length\n",
- "#unit cells per paticle\n",
"u_c=4*math.pi*r**3/(3*a**3)\n",
"n=4 #In FCC . no of atoms in per unit cell\n",
"U_c=int(u_c)*n\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"(a)Critical Radius is \",round(r/10**-9,2),\"nm\"\n",
"print\"Activation free energy is \",round(G,21),\"J\"\n",
"print\"(b)Total no. of atoms per critical nucleus are \",U_c\n",
@@ -80,19 +74,15 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Determination the rate of recrystallization\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"n=5.0\n",
"y=0.3\n",
"t=100.0 #in min\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"k=-math.log(1-y)/t**n\n",
"thalf=(-math.log(1-0.5)/k)**(1/n)\n",
"rate=1/thalf\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Rate is \",rate,\"min**-1\"\n",
"\n"
],
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH12.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH12.ipynb
index ee793447..b2774698 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH12.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH12.ipynb
@@ -27,16 +27,12 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computation of Minimum Caion-to-Anion Radius Ratio forCo-ordination No. of 3\n",
"\n",
- "#For equilateral triangle after joining centres of the atoms Angle = 30\n",
"a=30\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"import math\n",
"ratio=(1-math.cos(a*math.pi/180.0))/math.cos(a*math.pi/180.0)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Cation to anion raio is \",round(ratio,3)\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -65,16 +61,12 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Ceramic Crystal structure prediction\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"r_Fe=0.077 # in nm Radius of iron cation Fe++\n",
"r_O=0.140 #in nm Radius of Oxygen anion O--\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"ratio=r_Fe/r_O\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Ratio is \",ratio\n",
"if 0.414<ratio<0.732: \n",
" print\"Co-ordinaton no. is 6\"\n",
@@ -110,22 +102,18 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Theoretical Density Determination for NaCl\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"A_Na=22.99 # in g/mol\n",
"A_Cl=35.45 #in g/mol\n",
"r_Na=0.102*10**-7 #in cm Radius of Na+ ion\n",
"r_Cl=0.181*10**-7 #in cm Radius of Cl- ion\n",
"Na=6.023*10**23 #Avogadro number\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"a=2*(r_Na+r_Cl)\n",
"V=a**3\n",
"n=4 #For FCC, no. of atoms are 4 per crystal\n",
"density=n*(A_Na+A_Cl)/(V*Na)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Density is \",round(density,2),\"gm/cm**3\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -154,15 +142,12 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computation of the No. of Schottky Defects in KCl\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"Na=6.023*10**23 #Avogadro number\n",
"density=1.955 #in g/cm**3\n",
"A_K=39.1 #in g/mol\n",
"A_Cl=35.45 #in g/mol\n",
"\n",
- "#calculation\n",
"import math\n",
"N=Na*density*10**6/(A_K+A_Cl)\n",
"Qs=2.6 # in eV\n",
@@ -170,7 +155,6 @@
"T=500.0+273.0 # in K\n",
"Ns=N*math.exp(-Qs/(2*k*T))\n",
"\n",
- "#result\n",
"print\"No. of Schottky Defects are \",round(Ns,-17),\"/m**3\"\n",
"\n"
],
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH14.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH14.ipynb
index 7ade4dbe..e860f213 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH14.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH14.ipynb
@@ -27,11 +27,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computation of average Molecular wt and Degree of Polymerisation\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "#For different molecular wt range ,\n",
- "#From Table 14.1 (a)\n",
"Mi1=7500 #g/mol , Molecular wt\n",
"Mi2=12500 \n",
"Mi3=17500\n",
@@ -47,7 +43,6 @@
"xi6=0.08\n",
"xi7=0.02\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"xM1=Mi1*xi1\n",
"xM2=Mi2*xi2\n",
"xM3=Mi3*xi3\n",
@@ -57,7 +52,6 @@
"xM7=Mi7*xi7\n",
"xM=xM1+xM2+xM3+xM4+xM5+xM6+xM7\n",
"\n",
- "#(b)\n",
"nC=2 #no of carbon atoms in repeat unit\n",
"nH=3 #no of hydrogen atoms in repeat unit\n",
"nCl=1 #no of chlorine atoms in repeat unit\n",
@@ -67,7 +61,6 @@
"m=nC*MwC+nH*MwH+nCl*MwCl #Total wt for PVC\n",
"DP=xM/m\n",
"\n",
- "#(c) from fig 14.3 (b)\n",
"wi1=0.02 #weight fraction\n",
"wi2=0.1\n",
"wi3=0.18\n",
@@ -76,7 +69,6 @@
"wi6=0.13\n",
"wi7=0.02\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"wM1=Mi1*wi1\n",
"wM2=Mi2*wi2\n",
"wM3=Mi3*wi3\n",
@@ -86,7 +78,6 @@
"wM7=Mi7*wi7\n",
"wM=wM1+wM2+wM3+wM4+wM5+wM6+wM7\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"(a)The no Av Molecular wt is\",xM,\"g/mol\"\n",
"print\"(b)Degree of Polymerisation is\",round(DP,0)\n",
"print\"(c)The weight Av Molecular wt is\",wM,\"g/mol\"\n"
@@ -118,9 +109,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computations of the Density\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"Ac=12.01 #in g/mol Molecular weight of Carbon\n",
"Ah=1.008 #in g/mol molecular weight of hydrogen\n",
"a=7.41*10**-8 #in cm\n",
@@ -128,18 +117,15 @@
"c=2.55*10**-8 #in cm\n",
"Na=6.023*10**23\n",
"\n",
- "#calculation\n",
"Vc=a*b*c\n",
"n=2\n",
"A=(2*Ac)+(4*Ah)\n",
"density_c=n*A/(Vc*Na)\n",
"\n",
- "#(b)Percent Crystallinity of Polyethylene\n",
"density_a=0.870 # in g/cm**3\n",
"density_s=0.925 # in g/cm**3\n",
"pc=density_c*(density_s-density_a)*100/(density_s*(density_c-density_a))\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"(a)Density is\",round(density_c,3),\"g/cm**3\"\n",
"print\"(b)percentage crystallinity is\",round(pc,1),\"%\"\n",
"\n"
@@ -170,31 +156,21 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computations of Diffusion Flux of Carbon dioxide through Plasic Beverage Container\n",
"\n",
- "#function[A]= approx(V,n)\n",
- "# A= round(V*10**n)/10**n\n",
- "# funcprot(0)\n",
- "#endfunction\n",
"\n",
- "#print\"\\tExample 14.3\\n\")\n",
"\n",
- "#a\n",
"P1=400000.0 # in Pa Pressure inside the bottle\n",
"P2=400.0 # in Pa Pressure outside the bottle\n",
"Pm=0.23*10**-13 #Solubility Coefficient\n",
"dx=0.05 # in cm Thickness of wall\n",
"\n",
- "#calculation\n",
"J=(-Pm*(P2-P1)/dx)\n",
- "#(b)Beverage Shell Life\n",
"\n",
"A=500 #surface area of bottle in cm**2\n",
"V_lose=750.0 #cm**3 STP\n",
"V=J*A\n",
"t=V_lose/round(V,5)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Diffusion flux is \",round(J,9),\"cm**3 STP/cm**2-s\"\n",
"print\"Time to escape is \",round(t/(3600*24),1),\"days\"\n",
"\n"
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH16.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH16.ipynb
index c360c16f..02f6165f 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH16.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH16.ipynb
@@ -27,17 +27,12 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#(a) Compute the modulus of elasticity\n",
- "#(b) find Load carried by each of fiber and matrix phase\n",
- "#(c) Determine the strain\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"E_gf=69.0 # in GPa Elasticity of glass fibre\n",
"mf_gf=0.4 #Vol % of glass fibre\n",
"E_pr=3.4 # in GPa Elasticity of poyester resin\n",
"mf_pr=0.6 #Vol % of polyester resin\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"E_cl=(E_pr*mf_pr)+(E_gf*mf_gf)\n",
"Ac=250.0 #mm**2\n",
"sigma=50.0 #MPa\n",
@@ -52,7 +47,6 @@
"e_m=sigma_m/(E_pr*10**3) #Strain for matrix phase\n",
"e_f=sigma_f/(E_gf*10**3) #Strain for fiber phase\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"(a)Modulus of elasticity of composite is \",round(E_cl,0),\"GPa\"\n",
"print\"(b)Load carried by each of fiber and matrix phase is \",round(Ff,0),\"N\"\n",
"print\"(c)Strain for matrix phase is \",round(e_m,4)\n",
@@ -87,18 +81,14 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Elastic Modulus Determination for a Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite\u2014Transverse Direction\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"E_gf=69 # in GPa Elasticity of glass fibre\n",
"mf_gf=0.4 #Vol % of glass fibre\n",
"E_pr=3.4 # in GPa Elasticity of poyester resin\n",
"mf_pr=0.6 #Vol % of polyester resin\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"E_ct=E_pr*E_gf/((E_pr*mf_gf)+(E_gf*mf_pr)) #GPa\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"In transverse direction, modulus of elaticity is \",round(E_ct,1),\"GPa\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -127,21 +117,16 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#A tubular composite shaft is to be designed.\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"Do=70*10**-3 #mm, outside diameter\n",
"Di=50*10**-3 #mm, inside diameter\n",
"L=1 #m Length\n",
"F=1000 #N load\n",
"dy=0.35*10**-3 #mm, deflection\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#Required longitudinal modulus of elasticity\n",
"E=(4*F*L**3)/(3*math.pi*dy*(Do**4-Di**4))\n",
"Vc=(math.pi*L*(Do**2-Di**2))/4.0\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"(a)longitudinal modulus of elasticity is\",round(E/10**9,1),\"GPa\"\n",
"print\"(b)The total tube volume is\",round(Vc*10**6,0),\"cm**3\"\n"
],
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH17.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH17.ipynb
index 294f5ff9..889d524a 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH17.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH17.ipynb
@@ -27,20 +27,16 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Determination of Electrochemical Cell Characteristics\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"V_Cd=-0.403 #Half Cell Potential of Cd++|Cd\n",
"V_Ni=-0.250 #Half Cell Potential of Ni++|Ni\n",
"\n",
- "#calculation\n",
"dV=V_Ni-V_Cd\n",
"C_Ni=10**-3\n",
"C_Cd=0.5\n",
"n=2 #Net electron exchange in Redox reaction\n",
"V=-dV-(0.0592*math.log10(C_Ni/C_Cd)/n)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Standard Cell potential is \",dV,\"V\"\n",
"print\"Net EMF is \",round(V,3),\"V\"\n",
"if V<0:\n",
@@ -77,28 +73,20 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Rate of Oxidation Computation\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "#Activation polarisation data for Zn\n",
"VZn_Zn2=-0.763\n",
"iZn=10**-7\n",
"beta_Zn=0.09\n",
- "#For H2\n",
"iH2=10**-10\n",
"VH_H2=0\n",
"beta_H2=-0.08\n",
"\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "#Part i\n",
"ic=10**((VH_H2-VZn_Zn2-(beta_H2*math.log10(iH2))+(beta_Zn*math.log10(iZn)))/(beta_Zn-beta_H2))\n",
"n=2 #Exchange of 2 electrons\n",
"F=96500 #Faradays constant\n",
"r=ic/(n*F)\n",
- "#Part ii\n",
"Vc=VH_H2+(beta_H2*log10(ic/iH2))\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"i) Rate of oxiadation is\",round(r,12),\"mol/cm**2-s\"\n",
"print\"ii) Corrosion potential is\",round(Vc,3),\"V\"\n",
"\n"
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH18.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH18.ipynb
index 016bfd26..cae50c36 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH18.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH18.ipynb
@@ -27,16 +27,12 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computation of the Room-Temperature Intrinsic Carrier Concentration for Gallium Arsenide\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"sigma=10**-6 # (Ohm-m)**-1 Electrical Conductivity\n",
"e=1.6*10**-19 #Coulomb Charge on electron\n",
"m_e=0.85 # m**2/V-s Mobility of electron\n",
"m_h=0.04 # m**2/V-s Mobility of holes\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#ni is Intrinsic carrier concentration\n",
"ni=sigma/(e*(m_e+m_h))\n",
"\n",
"print\"Intrinsic Carrier Concentration is\",round(ni,-11),\"m**-3\"\n",
@@ -67,20 +63,14 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Electrical Conductivity Determination for Intrinsic Silicon at 150\u00b0C\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"e=1.6*10**-19 #Coulomb Charge on electron\n",
"ni=4*10**19 #For Si at 423 K (m**-3)\n",
- "#Values of m_e and m_h are deduced from graphs at page No.689\n",
"m_e=0.06 #m**2/V-s Mobility of electron\n",
"m_h=0.022 #m**2/V-s Mobility of holes\n",
"\n",
- "#calculation\n",
- "#sigma is electrical conductivity\n",
"sigma=ni*e*(m_e+m_h)\n",
"\n",
- "#result\n",
"print\"Electrical Conductivity is \",round(sigma,2),\"(ohm-m)**-1\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -109,25 +99,17 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Room-Temperature for Extrinsic Silicon\n",
"\n",
- "#Given (b)\n",
"n=10**23 #m**-3 Carrier Concentration\n",
"e=1.6*10**-19 #Coulomb Charge on electron\n",
- "#From graph 18.18 m_e is calculated corresponding to n=10**23\n",
"m_e=0.07 #m**2/V-s Mobility of electron\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#For extrinsic n-type, the formula used is:\n",
"sigma=n*e*m_e\n",
"\n",
"\n",
- "#(c)Elevated-Temperature Electrical Conductivity Calculations for Extrinsic Silicon\n",
- "#From graph 18.19a m_e2 is calculated corresponding to 373 K\n",
"m_e2=0.04 #m**2/V-s Mobility of electron\n",
"sigma2=n*e*m_e2\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Conductivity at n=10**23 is \",sigma,\"(Ohm-m)**-1\"\n",
"print\"Conductivity at T=373 K becomes \",sigma2,\"(Ohm-m)**-1\"\n",
"\n"
@@ -158,30 +140,23 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Specify an impurity acceptor type\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"c=50 #ohm**-1, room temprature conductivity\n",
"Na1=10**22 #m**-3, assumed impurity content value\n",
"mu1=0.04 #m**2/Vs, assumed electrical mobility\n",
"e=1.6*10**-19 #Electronic charge\n",
"NA=6.023*10**23 #Avagadro no\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"C=Na1*e*mu1 #Conductivity\n",
- "#Decreasing an impurity content\n",
"Na2=10**21 #m**-3, \n",
"mu2=0.045 #m**2/Vs,\n",
"C=Na2*e*mu2\n",
- "#So we get conductivity = 50 at\n",
"Na=8*10**21 \n",
- "#For Silicon\n",
"rho=2.33 # g/cm**3\n",
"Asi=28.09 # g/mole\n",
"Nsi=(NA*rho*10**6)/(Asi)\n",
"Ca=(Na/(Na+Nsi))*100\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"The concentration of acceptor impurities is\",round(Ca,7)\n",
"print\"Thus a Silicon material having conductivity 50 ohm**-1 \\nmust contain\",round(Ca,7),\"% boron,aluminium,Gallium or indium .\"\n"
],
@@ -212,9 +187,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Hall Voltage Computation\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"sigma=3.8*10**7 #(Ohm-m)**-1 Electrical Conductivity\n",
"m_e=0.0012 #m**2/V-s Mobility of electron\n",
"Rh=-m_e/sigma #Hall coefficient\n",
@@ -222,10 +195,8 @@
"d=15*10**-3 #m Thickness\n",
"Bz=0.6 #Tesla Magnetic field\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"Vh=Rh*Ix*Bz/d\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Hall coefficient is \",round(Rh,13),\"V-m/A-Tesla\"\n",
"print\"Hall Voltage is \",round(Vh,10),\"V\"\n",
"\n"
@@ -256,22 +227,18 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#find the Capacitance \n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"A=6.45*10**-4 #m**2, area\n",
"d=2*10**-3 #m. Plate separation\n",
"V=10 #V Potential\n",
"Er=6 #Dielectric constant\n",
"Eo=8.85*10**-12 #F/m Constant dielectric constant\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"E=Er*Eo\n",
"C=E*A/d\n",
"Q=C*V\n",
"D=E*V/d\n",
"P=D-Eo*V/d\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"The Capacitance is\",round(C,13),\"F\"\n",
"print\"The magnitude of charge stored is \",round(Q,12),\"C\"\n",
"print\"The Dielectric displacement is is\",round(D,9),\"C/m**2\"\n",
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH19.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH19.ipynb
index 8464a899..1da6512a 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH19.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH19.ipynb
@@ -27,15 +27,12 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "# Calculation of maximum temperature\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"To=20 # Room Temperature (degree celsius)\n",
"sigma=-172 #Mpa Compressive stress\n",
"E=100*10**3 #Mpa Young's modulus\n",
"a=20*10**-6 #Celsius**-1 Coefficient of thermal expansion\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"Tf=To-(sigma/(E*a))\n",
"\n",
"print\"Final Temperature is \",Tf,\"C\"\n",
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH20.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH20.ipynb
index c410a6ac..b3d2e8d5 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH20.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH20.ipynb
@@ -27,9 +27,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "# Calculation of saturation magnetisation and flux density for Nickel\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"b_m=9.27*10**-24 #ampere*m**2 (Bohr Magneton)\n",
"Na=6.023*10**23 #atoms/mol (Avogadro's No.)\n",
"d=8.9*10**6 #g/m**3 (density)\n",
@@ -37,13 +35,9 @@
"A=58.71 #g/mol (Atomic weigth of Nickel)\n",
"N=d*Na/A #No. of atoms per cubic meter\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "# M is saturation magnetisation\n",
"M=0.6*b_m*N #0.6= Bohr Magneton/atom\n",
- "#B = Saturation Flux Density\n",
"B=uo*M\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Saturation Magnetisation is \",M,\"A/m\"\n",
"print\"Saturation Flux Density is \",round(B,2),\"Tesla\"\n"
],
@@ -73,14 +67,11 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "# Calculation of saturation magnetisation of Fe3O4\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"a=0.839*10**-9 #a is edge length in m\n",
"b_m=9.27*10**-24 #ampere*m**2 (Bohr Magneton)\n",
"nb=8*4 #8 is no. of Fe++ ions per unit cell\n",
" #4 is Bohr magnetons per Fe++ ion\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"M=nb*b_m/a**3 #M is Saturation magnetisation\n",
"\n",
"print\"Saturation Magnetisation is \",round(M,0),\"A/m\"\n",
@@ -111,21 +102,17 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Design Example 20.1: Designing a cubic mixed-ferrite magnetic material\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"Ms_Fe=5.25*10**5 #Required saturation Magnetisation\n",
"b_m=9.27*10**-24 #ampere*m**2 (Bohr Magneton)\n",
"a=0.839*10**-9 #a is edge length in m\n",
"M=5*10**5 #From previous question result\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"nb=Ms_Fe*a**3/b_m\n",
"i=8 # No of Divalent ions per unit cell\n",
"j=4 #4 is Bohr magnetons per Mn++ ion\n",
"n=nb/(i)-j \n",
" \n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Replacing percent of Fe++ with Mn++ would produce the required saturation magnetisation\",round(n*100,2)\n",
"\n"
],
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH21.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH21.ipynb
index bb8267f6..38c06f2e 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH21.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH21.ipynb
@@ -27,20 +27,12 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "# Calculation of absorption coefficient\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "# x is thickness of glass(mm)\n",
"x=200\n",
- "#It is intensity of non-absorbed radiation\n",
- "#Io is intensity of non-relected radiation\n",
"f=0.98 #f=It/Io\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#b is absorption coefficient\n",
"b=-math.log(f)/x\n",
"\n",
- "#result\n",
"print\"Absorption coefficient is \",round(b,4),\"mm**-1\"\n",
"\n"
],
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH3.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH3.ipynb
index c521d51b..eeb7447f 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH3.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH3.ipynb
@@ -27,20 +27,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Determination of FCC Unit Cell Volume\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "#For FCC a=2*R*math.sqrt(2)\n",
"from sympy import Symbol\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation \n",
"R=Symbol('R') \n",
- "#Edge Length\n",
"a=2*R*round(math.sqrt(2),2)\n",
- "#Volume determination\n",
"V=a**3\n",
"\n",
- "#result\n",
"print\"Volume is\",V,\" m**3\"\n",
"print\"which is also equal to 16*sqrt(2)*R**3\"\n",
"\n"
@@ -71,25 +64,15 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computation of the Atomic Packing Factor for FCC\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "#for FCC no. of atoms are 4\n",
"n=4\n",
- "#For FCC a=2*R*math.sqrt(2)\n",
"R=1 #say\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#Edge Length\n",
"a=2*R*math.sqrt(2)\n",
- "#Volume determination of cube\n",
"Vc=a**3\n",
- "#Volume of sphere\n",
"Vs=n*4*math.pi*R**3/3.0\n",
- "#Atomic packing Fraction\n",
"APF=Vs/Vc\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Atomic packing fraction is\",round(APF,2)\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -118,20 +101,16 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Theoretical Density Computation for Copper\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"R=1.28*10**-8 #Atomic radius in cm\n",
"A_Cu=63.5 #Atomic wt of copper\n",
"n=4 #For FCC\n",
"Na=6.023*10**23 #Avogadro no.\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"a=2*R*math.sqrt(2)\n",
"Vc=a**3\n",
"den=n*A_Cu/(Vc*Na)\n",
"\n",
- "#result\n",
"print\"Density is \",round(den,2),\"g/cm**3\"\n"
],
"language": "python",
@@ -159,17 +138,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Determination of Directional Indices\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "#Projection of given vector\n",
"a=1/2.0\n",
"b=1\n",
"c=0\n",
"\n",
"x=[2*a,2*b,2*c]\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"The intercept for the given plane is\",x\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -198,16 +173,11 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Determination of Directional Indices for a Hexagonal Unit Cell\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "#Projection in terms of unit cell parameter\n",
"du=1\n",
"dv=1\n",
"dw=1\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#For hexagonal system\n",
"u=(2*du-dv)/3.0\n",
"v=(2*dv-du)/3.0\n",
"t=-(u+v)\n",
@@ -242,21 +212,16 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Determination of Planar (Miller) Indices\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"a=-1\n",
"b=1/2.0\n",
"\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#Reciprocal\n",
"l=0 #Reciprocal of infinity\n",
"m=1/a\n",
"n=1/b\n",
"x=[l,m,n]\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"The intercept for the given plane is\",x\n"
],
"language": "python",
@@ -284,18 +249,14 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Determination of Miller\u2013Bravais Indices for a Plane Within a Hexagonal Unit Cell\n",
"\n",
- "#Intersection in terms of lattics Parameters\n",
"h=1 #Reciprocal of intersection point\n",
"k=-1\n",
"l=1\n",
"i=-(h+k)\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"x=[h,k,i,l]\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"The indices of plane are\",x\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -324,25 +285,19 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Interplanar Spacing\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"a=0.2866 #Lattice parameter in nm\n",
"h=2\n",
"k=2\n",
"l=0\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"import math\n",
- "#(a)\n",
"d_hkl=a/(math.sqrt(h**2+k**2+l**2))\n",
"\n",
- "#(b)Diffraction Angle Computations\n",
"lam=0.1790 #Wavelength in nm\n",
"n=1\n",
"theta=math.asin(n*lam/(2*d_hkl))\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"(a)Interplanar spacing is \",round(d_hkl,4),\"nm\"\n",
"print\"(b)Diffraction angle is \",round(2*theta*(180/math.pi),1),\"degree\"\n",
"\n"
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH4.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH4.ipynb
index 93bc9a2e..253ffd46 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH4.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH4.ipynb
@@ -27,23 +27,17 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Number of Vacancies Computation at a Specified temperature\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"Na=6.023*10**23 #Avogadro No.\n",
"den=8.4*10**6 #Density of Copper\n",
"A=63.5 #Atomic weight of Copper\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#No. of atomic site per cubic meter\n",
"N=Na*den/A\n",
- "#No. of vacancies at 1000 C\n",
"Qv=0.9 #Activation energy in eV\n",
"k=8.62*10**-5 # Boltzmann Constatnt in eV/K\n",
"T=1000.0+273.0 #Temperature in K\n",
"Nv=N*exp(-Qv/(k*T))\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"No.of vacancies are \",round(Nv,-24),\"/m**3\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -72,10 +66,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Composition Conversion- From weight percent to Atom percent\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "#Conversion to Atom percent\n",
"C_Al=97.0 #Aluminium wt%\n",
"C_Cu=3.0 #Copper wt%\n",
"A_Al=26.98 #Atomic wt of Aluminium\n",
@@ -114,20 +105,14 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computations of ASTM Grain Size Number\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"N=45.0 #No. of grains per square inch\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#Dterminin grain size no. N=2**(n-1)\n",
"n=(math.log(N)/math.log(2))+1\n",
"\n",
- "#Number of Grains Per Unit Area\n",
"M=85.0\n",
"Nm=(100/M)**2*2**(n-1)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Grain size no. is \",round(n,1)\n",
"print\"No. of grains per inch square are \",round(Nm,1)\n",
"\n"
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH5.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH5.ipynb
index 5b193d64..caf36165 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH5.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH5.ipynb
@@ -27,19 +27,15 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Diffusion Flux Computation\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"Ca=1.2 #Concentration at A in kg/m**3\n",
"Cb=0.8 #Concentration at B in kg/m**3\n",
"xa=5*10**-3 #Position 1 in m\n",
"xb=10*10**-3 #Position 2 in m\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"D=3*10**-11 #Diffusion coefficient in m**2/s\n",
"J=-D*(Ca-Cb)/(xa-xb)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Diffusion flux is \",J,\"kg/m**2-s\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -68,16 +64,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Nonsteady-State Diffusion Time Computation I\n",
"from scipy.optimize import fsolve\n",
- "#Given\n",
"Co=0.25 #Initial Conc. in wt%\n",
"Cs=1.2 #Surface conc. in wt%\n",
"Cx=0.8 #Conc. at any x in wt%\n",
"x=5*10**-4 #Position in m\n",
"D=1.6*10**-11 #Diffusion coeff in m**2/s\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"import math\n",
"C=1-((Cx-Co)/(Cs-Co))\n",
"\n",
@@ -86,7 +79,6 @@
"z=fsolve(f,1)\n",
"t=x**2/(4.0*D*z**2.0)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Time required is \",round(t/3600.0,1),\"h\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -115,17 +107,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Nonsteady-State Diffusion Time Computation II\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"D500=4.8*10**-14 #Diffusion coefficient at 500 C\n",
"D600=5.3*10**-13 #Diffusion coefficient at 600 C\n",
"t600=10 #Time in hours to diffuse\n",
"\n",
- "#Calcuation\n",
"t500=D600*t600/D500\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Time to diffuse at 500 C is \",round(t500,1),\"h\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -154,19 +142,15 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Diffusion Coefficient Determination\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"T=550+273 #in K\n",
"D0=1.2*10**-4 #Temperature independent preexponential in m**2/s\n",
"Qd=131000 #Activation energy in J/mol-K\n",
"R=8.31 #Universal Gas constt\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"import math\n",
"D=D0*math.exp(-Qd/(R*T))\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Diffusion coefficient is \",round(D,14),\"m**2/s\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -195,21 +179,16 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Diffusion Coefficient Activation Energy and Preexponential Calculations\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
- "#From graph log D ad 1/T are deducted\n",
"inv_T1=0.8*10**-3 #Reciprocal of temp. in K**-1\n",
"inv_T2=1.1*10**-3 #Reciprocal of temp. in K**-1\n",
"logD1=-12.4\n",
"logD2=-15.45\n",
"R=8.31 #Gas law Constant in J/mol-K\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"Qd=-2.3*R*(logD1-logD2)/(inv_T1-inv_T2)\n",
"print\"Activation energy is\",round(Qd/1000,0),\"KJ\"\n",
"\n",
- "#For calculating Peexponential factor\n",
"D0=10**(logD2+(Qd*inv_T2/(2.3*R)))\n",
"print\"Preexponential factor is\",round(D0,6),\"m**2/s\"\n",
"\n"
@@ -240,9 +219,7 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Diffusion Temperature\u2013Time Heat Treatment Specification\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"C0=0.2 #Initial concentration in wt%\n",
"Cs=1 #Surface conc in wt%\n",
"Cx=0.6 #Conc at any position X in wt%\n",
@@ -255,10 +232,8 @@
"z=0.4747\n",
"Dt=(x/(2*z))**2\n",
"\n",
- "#Dt=D0*exp(-Qd/RT)*t = value of variable Dt\n",
"D=Dt/D0\n",
"\n",
- "#The tempratures are\n",
"T1=900.0\n",
"T2=950.0\n",
"T3=1000.0\n",
@@ -268,7 +243,6 @@
"t3=D/math.exp(-Qd/(R*(T3+273)))/3600.0\n",
"t4=D/math.exp(-Qd/(R*(T4+273)))/3600.0\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Temperature in Celcius are\",T1,T2,T3,T4\n",
"print\"Time is respectively \",round(t1,1),\"h,\",round(t2,1),\"h,\",round(t3,1),\"h,\",round(t4,1),\"h\"\n",
"\n"
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH6.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH6.ipynb
index e04ca9e8..490f5d5d 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH6.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH6.ipynb
@@ -27,17 +27,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Elongation (Elastic) Computation\n",
"\n",
"E=110*10**3 #Young's modulus of Copper in MPa\n",
"sigma=276.0 #Applied stress in MPa\n",
"lo=305.0 #Original length in mm\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#Deformation\n",
"dl=sigma*lo/E\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Elongation obtained is \",round(dl,2),\"mm\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -66,21 +62,17 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Computation of Load to Produce Specified Diameter Change\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"del_d=-2.5*10**-3 #Deformation in dia in mm\n",
"d0=10.0 #Initial dia in mm\n",
"v=0.34 #Poisson ratio for brass\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"ex=del_d/d0\n",
"ez=-ex/v\n",
"E=97*10**3 #Modulus of elasticity in MPa\n",
"sigma=ez*E\n",
"F=sigma*math.pi*(d0**2)/4.0\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Applied force is \",round(F,0),\"N\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -109,30 +101,22 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#From draph in the question\n",
- "#stress and strain can be obtained\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"si2=150 # in MPa\n",
"si1=0\n",
"e2=0.0016\n",
"e1=0\n",
"d0=12.8*10**-3 #Initial Diameter in m\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#(a)Young's Modulus = stress/strain\n",
"E=(si2-si1)/(e2-e1)\n",
"\n",
"A0=math.pi*d0**2/4.0\n",
"sig=450*10**6 #tensile strength in MPa\n",
"F=sig*A0\n",
- "#From stress-strain curve\n",
- "#Strain corresponding to stress of 345 MPa is 0.06\n",
"l0=250 #Initial lengt in mm\n",
"e=0.06 #strain\n",
"dl=e*l0\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Modulus of elasticity is \",round(E/10**3,1),\"GPa\"\n",
"print\"From the graph the Yield strength is\",l0,\"MPa\"\n",
"print\"Maximum load sustained is \",round(F,0),\"N/n\"\n",
@@ -168,17 +152,12 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Ductility\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"di=12.8 #Initial dia in mm\n",
"df=10.7 #Final dia in mm\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"import math\n",
- "#Ductility in terms of Reduction Area \n",
"RA = ((di**2-df**2)/di**2)*100\n",
- "#True-Stress-At-Fracture Computations\n",
"Ao=math.pi*di**2*10**-6/4.0\n",
"sig=460*10**6 #Tensile strength\n",
"\n",
@@ -187,7 +166,6 @@
"Af=math.pi*df**2/4.0\n",
"sig_t=F/Af\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"percent reduction in area is \",round(RA,0),\"%\"\n",
"print\"True stress is \",round(sig_t,1),\"MPa\"\n",
"\n"
@@ -218,16 +196,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Calculation of Strain-Hardening Exponent\n",
"\n",
"sig_t=415 #True stress in MPa\n",
"et=0.1 #True strain\n",
"K=1035.0 # In MPa\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"n=(math.log(sig_t)-math.log(K))/math.log(et)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Strain - hardening coefficient is \",round(n,2)\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -256,20 +231,16 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Average Computations\n",
"\n",
- "#Tensile strength at 4 points\n",
"n=4.0 #No of points\n",
"T1=520\n",
"T2=512\n",
"T3=515\n",
"T4=522\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"Tav=(T1+T2+T3+T4)/n\n",
"s=(((T1-Tav)**2+(T2-Tav)**2+(T3-Tav)**2+(T4-Tav)**2)/(n-1))**(0.5)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"The average Tensile strength is\",round(Tav,0),\"MPa\"\n",
"print\"The standard deviation is\",round(s,1),\"MPa\""
],
@@ -299,18 +270,14 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Specification of Support Post Diameter\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"sig_y=310.0 #Minimum yield strength in MPa\n",
"N=5.0 # Conservative factor of safety\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"F=220000/2.0 #Two rods must support half of the total force\n",
"sig_w=sig_y/N\n",
"d=2*math.sqrt(F/(math.pi*sig_w))\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Diameter of each of the two rods is \",round(d,1),\"mm\"\n",
"\n"
],
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH7.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH7.ipynb
index ffef5715..262231ec 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH7.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH7.ipynb
@@ -27,21 +27,17 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Resolved Shear Stress Computations\n",
"\n",
- "#Direction for given plane\n",
"u1=1\n",
"v1=1\n",
"w1=0\n",
"u2=0\n",
"v2=1\n",
"w2=0\n",
- "#For lamda\n",
"u3=-1\n",
"v3=1\n",
"w3=1\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"import math\n",
"phi=math.acos((u1*u2+v1*v2+w1*w2)/(math.sqrt((u1**2+v1**2+w1**2)*(u2**2+v2**2+w2**2))))\n",
"lam=math.acos((u3*u2+v3*v2+w3*w2)/(math.sqrt((u3**2+v3**2+w3**2)*(u2**2+v2**2+w2**2))))\n",
@@ -50,7 +46,6 @@
"trc=30 #in MPa Critical resolved shear stress\n",
"sy=trc/(math.cos(phi)*math.cos(lam))\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"(a)The resolved shear stress is \",round(tr,2),\"MPa\"\n",
"print\"(b)Yield strength is\",round(sy,1),\"MPa\"\n",
"\n"
@@ -81,18 +76,14 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Tensile Strength and Ductility Determinations for Cold-Worked Copper\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"df=12.2 #Final dia in mm\n",
"di=15.2 #Initial dia in mm\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"CW = ((di**2-df**2)/di**2)*100\n",
"ts=340 #in Mpa tensile strength, from fig 7.19 (b)\n",
"duc=7 #in % Ductility from fig 7.19 (c)\n",
"\n",
- "#result\n",
"print\"Percent Cold Work is \",round(CW,1),\"%\"\n",
"print\"Tensile strength is\",ts,\"MPa\"\n",
"print\"Ductility is \",duc,\"%\"\n",
@@ -125,21 +116,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Description of Diameter Reduction Procedure\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"di=6.4 #Initial dia in mm\n",
"df=5.1 #Final dia in mm\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#Cold Work Computation\n",
"CW = ((di**2-df**2)/di**2)*100\n",
- "#From Figures 7.19a and 7.19c, \n",
- "#A yield strength of 410 MPa \n",
- "#And a ductility of 8% EL are attained from this deformation\n",
"dmid = math.sqrt(df**2/(1-0.215))\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Cold work is \",round(CW,1),\"%\"\n",
"print\"But required ductility and yield strength is not matched at this cold work\"\n",
"print\"Hence required Cold work is 21.5 %\"\n",
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH8.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH8.ipynb
index 682a584f..b5a32873 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH8.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH8.ipynb
@@ -27,18 +27,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Maximum Flaw Length Computation\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"sigma=40*10**6 # in Pa Tensile stress\n",
"E=69*10**9 #Modulus of elaticity in pa\n",
"Ys=0.3 #Specific surface energy in N/m**2\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
- "#Maximum length of a surface flaw\n",
"a=2*E*Ys/(math.pi*sigma**2)\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Maximum lemgth of a surface flaw without fracture is \",round(a*10**6,1),\"micro m\"\n",
"\n"
],
@@ -67,19 +62,13 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#Rupture Lifetime Prediction\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"T=800.0+273.0 # Temperature in K\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"import math\n",
- "#From Graph of Fig. 8.32 Larson-Miller Parameter is deduced\n",
"L_M=24*10**3\n",
- "#math.log(t)=((L_M/T)-20)\n",
"t=math.pow(10,(L_M/T)-20)\n",
" \n",
- "#result\n",
"print\"Time to rupture is \",round(t,0),\"h\"\n",
"\n"
],
diff --git a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH9.ipynb b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH9.ipynb
index 0953b608..0ddab2a7 100644
--- a/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH9.ipynb
+++ b/Materials_science_and_engineering_an_introduction/CH9.ipynb
@@ -27,15 +27,11 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#(a)Determination of Phases Present\n",
- "#(b)Computation of Phase Compositions\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"C1=40.0 # Overall alloy composition\n",
"Cb=98.0\n",
"Ca=10.0\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"Wa=(Cb-C1)/(Cb-Ca)\n",
"Wb=(C1-Ca)/(Cb-Ca)\n",
"d_Sn=7.24 # in g/cm**3 density of tin\n",
@@ -50,7 +46,6 @@
"Vb=Wb/(d_b*((Wa/d_a)+(Wb/d_b)))\n",
"\n",
"\n",
- "#Result\n",
"print\"Mass fractions for alpha and beta phases are respectively\",round(Wa,2),\"and\",round(Wb,2)\n",
"print\"Density of alpha phase is \",round(d_a,2),\"g/cm**3\"\n",
"print\"Density of beta phase is \",round(d_b,2),\"g/cm**3\"\n",
@@ -87,16 +82,11 @@
"cell_type": "code",
"collapsed": false,
"input": [
- "#(a)Determining ferrite and cementite phase\n",
- "#(b)Determining proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite\n",
- "#(c)Determining eutectoid ferrite\n",
"\n",
- "#Given\n",
"C0=0.35\n",
"Ca=0.022\n",
"C_Fe3C=6.7\n",
"\n",
- "#Calculation\n",
"Wa=(C_Fe3C-C0)/(C_Fe3C-Ca)\n",
"W_Fe3C=(C0-Ca)/(C_Fe3C-Ca)\n",
"C_p=0.76\n",
@@ -107,7 +97,6 @@
"Wa=(C_Fe3C-C0)/(C_Fe3C-Ca)\n",
"Wae=Wa-W_a\n",
"\n",
- "#result\n",
"print\"Mass fraction of total ferritic phase is\",round(Wa,2)\n",
"print\"Mass fraction of Fe3C is\",round(W_Fe3C,2)\n",
"print\"Mass fraction of Pearlite is\",round(Wp,2)\n",
generated by cgit (git 2.34.1) at 2024-12-20 08:14:45 +0000