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+{

+ "cells": [

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "#10: Optical Materials"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.1, Page number 10.61"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 32,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "wavelength of emission is 8628.0 angstrom\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "h=6.626*10**-34;       #plancks constant(J s)\n",

+    "c=3*10**8;     #velocity of light(m/s)\n",

+    "Eg=1.44*1.6*10**-19;    #band gap(J)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "lamda=h*c/Eg;      #wavelength of emission(m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"wavelength of emission is\",round(lamda*10**10),\"angstrom\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.2, Page number 10.61"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 33,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "band gap is 0.8 eV\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "lamda=1.55;     #wavelength(micro m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "Eg=1.24/lamda;     #band gap(eV)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"band gap is\",Eg,\"eV\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.3, Page number 10.61"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 34,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "number of electron-hole pairs is 3.25 *10**5\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "eta=0.65;     #quantum efficiency\n",

+    "n=5*10**5;    #number of photons incident\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "N=eta*n;      #number of electron-hole pairs\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"number of electron-hole pairs is\",N/10**5,\"*10**5\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.4, Page number 10.61"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 35,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "responsibility is 0.628 A/W\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "eta=0.6;     #quantum efficiency\n",

+    "q=1.6*10**-19;    #charge(coulomb)\n",

+    "lamda=1.3*10**-6;    #lamda(m)\n",

+    "h=6.625*10**-34;       #plancks constant(J s)\n",

+    "c=3*10**8;     #velocity of light(m/s)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "R=eta*q*lamda/(h*c);     #responsibility(A/W)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"responsibility is\",round(R,3),\"A/W\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.5, Page number 10.61"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 36,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "multiplication factor is 41\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "eta=0.7;     #quantum efficiency\n",

+    "q=1.6*10**-19;    #charge(coulomb)\n",

+    "lamda=863*10**-9;    #lamda(m)\n",

+    "P0=0.5*10**-6;     #optical power(W)\n",

+    "h=6.625*10**-34;       #plancks constant(J s)\n",

+    "c=3*10**8;     #velocity of light(m/s)\n",

+    "IT=10*10**-6;    #current(A)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "IP=eta*q*lamda*P0/(h*c);\n",

+    "M=IT/IP;       #multiplication factor\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"multiplication factor is\",int(M)"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.6, Page number 10.62"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 37,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "critical angle is 78.5 degrees\n",

+      "numerical aperture is 0.3\n",

+      "acceptance angle is 17.4 degrees\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "n2=1.47;              #refractive index of cladding\n",

+    "n1=1.5;    #refractive index of core\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "phi_c=math.asin(n2/n1);     #critical angle(radian)\n",

+    "phi_c=phi_c*180/math.pi;    #critical angle(degrees)\n",

+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);     #numerical aperture\n",

+    "phi_max=math.asin(NA);       #acceptance angle(radian)\n",

+    "phi_max=phi_max*180/math.pi;    #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"critical angle is\",round(phi_c,1),\"degrees\"\n",

+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,1)\n",

+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(phi_max,1),\"degrees\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.7, Page number 10.62"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 38,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "total number of guided modes is 490.0\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "d=50*10**-6;     #diameter(m)\n",

+    "NA=0.2;      #numerical aperture(m)\n",

+    "lamda=1*10**-6;    #wavelength(m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "N=4.9*(d*NA/lamda)**2;     #total number of guided modes\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"total number of guided modes is\",N"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.8, Page number 10.62"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 41,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "total number of guided modes is 1\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "d=5*10**-6;     #diameter(m)\n",

+    "n2=1.447;              #refractive index of cladding\n",

+    "n1=1.45;    #refractive index of core\n",

+    "lamda=1*10**-6;    #wavelength(m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);      #numerical aperture\n",

+    "N=4.9*(d*NA/lamda)**2;     #total number of guided modes\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"total number of guided modes is\",int(N)"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.9, Page number 10.63"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 42,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "numerical aperture is 0.46\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "n1=1.46;    #refractive index of core\n",

+    "delta=0.05;    #refractive index difference\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "NA=n1*math.sqrt(2*delta);     #numerical aperture\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,2)"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.10, Page number 10.63"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 44,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "V number is 94.72\n",

+      "maximum number of modes is 4486.0\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "a=50;\n",

+    "n2=1.5;              #refractive index of cladding\n",

+    "n1=1.53;    #refractive index of core\n",

+    "lamda0=1;    #wavelength(micro m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "V_number=round(2*math.pi*a*math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)/lamda0,2);     #V number\n",

+    "n=V_number**2/2;     #maximum number of modes\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"V number is\",V_number\n",

+    "print \"maximum number of modes is\",round(n)"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.11, Page number 10.63"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 45,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "total number of modes is 49178.0\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "a=100*10**-6;\n",

+    "NA=0.3;      #numerical aperture(m)\n",

+    "lamda=850*10**-9;    #wavelength(m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "V_number=round(2*math.pi**2*a**2*NA**2/lamda**2);     #number of modes\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"total number of modes is\",2*V_number"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.12, Page number 10.63"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 46,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "cutoff wavelength is 1.315 micro m\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "a=25*10**-6;\n",

+    "n1=1.48;    #refractive index of core\n",

+    "delta=0.01;    #refractive index difference\n",

+    "V=25;     #Vnumber\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "lamda=2*math.pi*a*n1*math.sqrt(2*delta)/V;      #cutoff wavelength(m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"cutoff wavelength is\",round(lamda*10**6,3),\"micro m\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 10.13, Page number 10.63"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 48,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "maximum value of core radius is 9.95 micro m\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "V=2.405;     #Vnumber\n",

+    "lamda=1.3;    #wavelength(micro m)\n",

+    "NA=0.05;      #numerical aperture(m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "amax=V*lamda/(2*math.pi*NA);     #maximum value of core radius(micro m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"maximum value of core radius is\",round(amax,2),\"micro m\""

+   ]

+  }

+ ],

+ "metadata": {

+  "kernelspec": {

+   "display_name": "Python 2",

+   "language": "python",

+   "name": "python2"

+  },

+  "language_info": {

+   "codemirror_mode": {

+    "name": "ipython",

+    "version": 2

+   },

+   "file_extension": ".py",

+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",

+   "name": "python",

+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",

+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",

+   "version": "2.7.9"

+  }

+ },

+ "nbformat": 4,

+ "nbformat_minor": 0

+}