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| author | hardythe1 | 2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | hardythe1 | 2015-04-07 15:58:05 +0530 |
| commit | c7fe425ef3c5e8804f2f5de3d8fffedf5e2f1131 (patch) | |
| tree | 725a7d43dc1687edf95bc36d39bebc3000f1de8f /Mass_-_Transfer_Operations/Chapter7.ipynb | |
| parent | 62aa228e2519ac7b7f1aef53001f2f2e988a6eb1 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/Mass_-_Transfer_Operations/Chapter7.ipynb b/Mass_-_Transfer_Operations/Chapter7.ipynb new file mode 100755 index 00000000..14a0593d --- /dev/null +++ b/Mass_-_Transfer_Operations/Chapter7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1071 @@ +{
+ "metadata": {
+ "name": "",
+ "signature": "sha256:4bcd866f270e2f66ae7fbe911b2556c72aef74bc48c0c7488d977884f07ab7ad"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+ {
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Chapter 7: Humidification Operations"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.1: Page 222"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.1\n",
+ "# Page: 222\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.1 - Page: 222\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from scipy.optimize import fsolve\n",
+ "# ****Data****#\n",
+ "Temp1 = 273+26.1;# [K]\n",
+ "P1 = 100;# [mm Hg]\n",
+ "Temp2 = 273+60.6;# [K]\n",
+ "P2 = 400;# [mm Hg]\n",
+ "P = 200;# [mm Hg]\n",
+ "#*****#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def f12(T):\n",
+ " return ((1/Temp1)-(1/T))/((1/Temp1)-(1/Temp2))-((math.log(P1)-math.log(P))/(math.log(P1)-math.log(P2)))\n",
+ "T = fsolve(f12,37);# [K]\n",
+ "print\"At\",round(T-273,1),\" degree C, the vapour pressure of benzene is 200 mm Hg\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.1 - Page: 222\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "At"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " 42.4 degree C, the vapour pressure of benzene is 200 mm Hg\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.2: Page 223"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.2:\n",
+ "# Page: 223\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.2 - Page: 223\\n\\n'\n",
+ "#part(a) and part(b) are table based and doesn't require an calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.2 (c)\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Solution (c)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Reference: H20\n",
+ "# At 25 OC\n",
+ "m = 0.775;\n",
+ "Mr = 18.02;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "lambdar = 2443000;# [N/m.kg]\n",
+ "M = 78.05;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.6:\n",
+ "Lambda = m*lambdar*Mr/M;# [N/m.kg]\n",
+ "print\"Latent Heat of Vaporization at 25 degree C is\",round(Lambda/1000,2),\" kN/m.kg\\n\"\n",
+ "# the answer is slightly different in textbook due to approximation "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.2 - Page: 223\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Illustration 7.2 (c)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Latent Heat of Vaporization at 25 degree C is 437.13 kN/m.kg\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 5
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.3: Page 226"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.3\n",
+ "# Page: 226\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.3 - Page: 226\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# ****Data****#\n",
+ "m = 10;# [kg]\n",
+ "Cvap = 1.256;# [kJ/kg.K]\n",
+ "Cliq = 1.507;# [kJ/kg.K]\n",
+ "Temp1 = 100;# [OC]\n",
+ "Temp4 = 10;# [OC]\n",
+ "#******#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Using Fig 7.2 (Pg 224):\n",
+ "Temp2 = 25;# [OC]\n",
+ "# Using the notation of Fig. 7.3:\n",
+ "H1_diff_H2 = Cvap*(Temp1-Temp2);# [kJ/kg]\n",
+ "# From Illustration 7.2:\n",
+ "H2_diff_H3 = 434;# [Latent Heat of Vaporisation, kJ/kg]\n",
+ "H3_diff_H4 = Cliq*(Temp2-Temp4);# [kJ/kg]\n",
+ "H1_diff_H4 = H1_diff_H2+H2_diff_H3+H3_diff_H4;# [kJ/kg]\n",
+ "H = m*H1_diff_H4;# [kJ]\n",
+ "print\"Heat evolved for 10 kg Benzene is \",int(H),\" kJ\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.3 - Page: 226\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Heat evolved for 10 kg Benzene is 5508 kJ\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 8
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.4: Page 227"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.4\n",
+ "# Page: 227\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.4 - Page: 227\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#****Data****#\n",
+ "# A = benzene vapour; B = Nitrogen Gas\n",
+ "P = 800.0;# [mm Hg]\n",
+ "Temp = 273.0+60;# [K]\n",
+ "pA = 100.0;# [mm Hg]\n",
+ "#******#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "pB = P-pA;# [mm Hg]\n",
+ "MA = 78.05;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "MB = 28.08;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Mole Fraction\n",
+ "print\"On the Basis of Mole Fraction\\n\"\n",
+ "yAm = pA/P;\n",
+ "yBm = pB/P;\n",
+ "print\"Mole Fraction of Benzene is \",yAm\n",
+ "print\"\\nMole Fraction of Nitrogen is \",yBm\n",
+ "print\"\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Volume Fraction\n",
+ "print\"On the Basis of Volume Fraction\\n\"\n",
+ "# Volume fraction is same as mole Fraction\n",
+ "yAv = yAm;\n",
+ "yBv = yBm;\n",
+ "print\"Volume Fraction of Benzene is \",yAv\n",
+ "print\"\\n Volume Fraction of Nitrogen is \",yBv\n",
+ "print\"\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Absolute Humidity\n",
+ "print\"On the basis of Absolute humidity\\n\"\n",
+ "Y = pA/pB;# [mol benzene/mol nitrogen]\n",
+ "Y_prime = Y*(MA/MB);# [kg benzene/kg nitrogen]\n",
+ "print\"The concentration of benzene is \",round(Y_prime,3),\" kg benzene/kg nitrogen\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.4 - Page: 227\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "On the Basis of Mole Fraction\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Mole Fraction of Benzene is 0.125\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Mole Fraction of Nitrogen is 0.875\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "On the Basis of Volume Fraction\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Volume Fraction of Benzene is 0.125\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Volume Fraction of Nitrogen is 0.875\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "On the basis of Absolute humidity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The concentration of benzene is 0.397 kg benzene/kg nitrogen\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 11
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.5: Page 228"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.5\n",
+ "# Page: 228\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.5 - Page: 228\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.5 (a)\\n\\n'\n",
+ "# solution(a)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#****Data****#\n",
+ "# A = benzene vapour; B = Nitrogen Gas\n",
+ "P = 1.0;# [atm]\n",
+ "#*****#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "MA = 78.05;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "MB = 28.02;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "# Since gas is saturated, from Fig. 7.2 (Pg 224):\n",
+ "pA = 275.0/760;# [atm]\n",
+ "Y = pA/(P-pA);# [kmol benzene/kmol nitrogen]\n",
+ "Y_prime = Y*(MA/MB);# [kg benzene/kg nitrogen]\n",
+ "print\"The concentration of benzene is \",round(Y_prime,3),\" kg benzene/kg nitrogen\\n\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.5 (b)\\n\\n'\n",
+ "# solution(b)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# A = benzene vapour; B = CO2\n",
+ "MA = 78.05;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "MB = 44.01;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "# Since gas is saturated, from Fig. 7.2:\n",
+ "pA = 275.0/760;# [atm]\n",
+ "Y = pA/(P-pA);# [kmol benzene/kmol CO2]\n",
+ "Y_prime = Y*(MA/MB);# [kg benzene/kg CO2]\n",
+ "print\"The concentration of benzene is\",round(Y_prime,3),\" kg benzene/kg CO2\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.5 - Page: 228\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Illustration 7.5 (a)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The concentration of benzene is 1.579 kg benzene/kg nitrogen\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Illustration 7.5 (b)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The concentration of benzene is 1.006 kg benzene/kg CO2\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 14
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.6: Page 234"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.6\n",
+ "# Page: 234\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.6 - Page: 234\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#****Data****#\n",
+ "# A = water vapour; B = air\n",
+ "TempG = 55;# [OC]\n",
+ "P = 1.0133*10**(5);# [N/square m]\n",
+ "Y_prime = 0.030;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "#******#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "MA = 18.02;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "MB = 28.97;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Percent Humidity\n",
+ "# From psychrometric chart, at 55 OC\n",
+ "Ys_prime = 0.115;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "percent_Humidity = (Y_prime/Ys_prime)*100;\n",
+ "print\"The sample has percent Humidity =\",round(percent_Humidity,1),\"%\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Molal Absolute Humidity\n",
+ "Y = Y_prime*(MB/MA);# [kmol water/kmol dry air]\n",
+ "print\"\\n Molal Absolute Humidity of the sample is\",round(Y,4),\" kmol water/kmol dry air\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Partial Pressure\n",
+ "pA = Y*P/(1+Y);# [N/square m]\n",
+ "print\"The Partial Pressure Of Water is\",int(pA),\" N/square m\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Relative Humidity\n",
+ "pa = 118*133.3;# [vapour pressure of water at 55 OC,N/square m]\n",
+ "relative_Humidity = (pA/pa)*100;\n",
+ "print\"The sample has relative Humidity = \",round(relative_Humidity,1),\" %\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Dew Point\n",
+ "# From psychrometric chart,\n",
+ "dew_point = 31.5;# [OC]\n",
+ "print\"Dew point Of the Sample is\",dew_point,\" degree C\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Humid Volume\n",
+ "# At 55 OC\n",
+ "vB = 0.93;# [specific volume of dry air,cubic m/kg]\n",
+ "vsB = 1.10;# [specific volume of saturated air,cubic m/kg]\n",
+ "vH = vB+((vsB-vB)*(percent_Humidity/100));# [cubic m/kg]\n",
+ "print\"The Humid Volume of the Sample is \",round(vH,3),\" cubic m/kg\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Humid Heat\n",
+ "CB = 1005;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "CA = 1884;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "Cs = CB+(Y_prime*CA);# [J/kg]\n",
+ "print\"The Humid Heat is \",round(Cs,1),\" J/kg dry air.K\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Enthalpy\n",
+ "HA = 56000;# [J/kg dry air]\n",
+ "HsA = 352000;# [J/kg dry air]\n",
+ "H_prime = HA+((HsA-HA)*(percent_Humidity/100));# [J/kg dry air]\n",
+ "print\"The Enthalphy of the sample is \",round(H_prime/1000,1),\"KJ/kg dry air\\n\"\n",
+ "# the answer is slightly different in textbook due to approximation "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.6 - Page: 234\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The sample has percent Humidity = 26.1 %\n",
+ "\n",
+ " Molal Absolute Humidity of the sample is 0.0482 kmol water/kmol dry air\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The Partial Pressure Of Water is 4662 N/square m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The sample has relative Humidity = 29.6 %\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Dew point Of the Sample is 31.5 degree C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The Humid Volume of the Sample is 0.974 cubic m/kg\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The Humid Heat is 1061.5 J/kg dry air.K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The Enthalphy of the sample is 133.2 KJ/kg dry air\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 23
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.7: Page 236"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.7\n",
+ "# Page: 236\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.7 - Page: 236\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#****Data****#\n",
+ "# A = water vapour; B = air\n",
+ "V = 100;# [m**3]\n",
+ "Tempi = 55;# [OC]\n",
+ "Tempf = 110;# [OC]\n",
+ "#*****#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# From Illustration 7.6\n",
+ "vH = 0.974;# [m**3/kg]\n",
+ "Cs = 1061.5;# [J/kg]\n",
+ "WB = V/vH;# [kg]\n",
+ "Q = WB*Cs*(Tempf-Tempi);# [J]\n",
+ "print\"Heat required is \",round(Q,3),\" J\\n\"\n",
+ "# the answer is slightly different in textbook due to approximation in book"
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.7 - Page: 236\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Heat recquired is 5994096.509 J\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 24
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.9: Page 240"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.9\n",
+ "# Page:240\n",
+ "from scipy.optimize import fsolve \n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.9 - Page:240\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#****Data****#\n",
+ "Tempw = 35;# [OC]\n",
+ "Tempg = 65;# [OC]\n",
+ "#******#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# From psychrometric chart\n",
+ "lambda_w = 2419300;# [J/kg]\n",
+ "Y_prime_w = 0.0365;# [kg H2O/kg dry air]\n",
+ "# From fig 7.5(a)\n",
+ "hG_by_kY = 950;# [J/kg]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.26\n",
+ "def f13(Y_prime):\n",
+ " return (Tempg-Tempw)-((lambda_w*(Y_prime_w-Y_prime))/hG_by_kY)\n",
+ "Y_prime = fsolve(f13,2);# [kg H2O/kg dry air]\n",
+ "print\"Humidity of air is\",round(Y_prime[0],4),\"kg H2O/kg dry air\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.9 - Page:240\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Humidity of air is 0.0247 kg H2O/kg dry air\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 31
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.10: Page 241"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.10\n",
+ "# Page:241\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.10 - Page:241\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#****Data****#\n",
+ "Tg = 60;# [OC]\n",
+ "Y_prime = 0.050;# [kg toulene/kg air]\n",
+ "#*****#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Wet Bulb temparature\n",
+ "Dab = 0.92*10**(-5);# [square m/s]\n",
+ "density_air = 1.060;# [kg/cubic cm];\n",
+ "viscocity_G = 1.95*10**(-5);# [kg/m.s]\n",
+ "Sc = viscocity_G/(density_air*Dab);\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.28\n",
+ "hG_by_kY = 1223*(Sc**0.567);# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "# Soln. of Eqn. 7.26 by trial & error method:\n",
+ "# (Tg-Tw) = (Yas_prime-Y_prime)*(lambda_w/hG_by_kY)\n",
+ "Tw = 31.8;# [OC]\n",
+ "print\"Wet Bulb Temparature:\",Tw,\" degree C\\n\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Adiabatic Saturation Temparature\n",
+ "C_air = 1005;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "C_toulene = 1256;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "Cs = C_air+(C_toulene*Y_prime);# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "# Soln. of Eqn. 7.21 by trial & error method:\n",
+ "# (Tg-Tas) = (Yas_prime-Y_prime)*(lambda_as/Cs)\n",
+ "Tas = 25.7;# [OC]\n",
+ "print\"Adiabatic Saturation Temparature: \",round(Tas,1),\" degree C\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.10 - Page:241\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Wet Bulb Temparature: 31.8 degree C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Adiabatic Saturation Temparature: 25.7 degree C\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 32
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.11: Page 249"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.11\n",
+ "# Page: 249\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.11 - Page: 249\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#****Data****#\n",
+ "L_min = 2.27;# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "G_min = 2;# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "L2_prime = 15;# [kg/s]\n",
+ "Q = 270.0;# [W]\n",
+ "Templ2 = 45.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "Tempg1 = 30.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "Tempw1 = 24.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "Kya = 0.90;# [kg/cubic m.s]\n",
+ "#*******#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "H1_prime = 72;# [kJ/kg dry air]\n",
+ "Y1_prime = 0.0160;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "Templ1 = 29;# [OC]\n",
+ "Cal = 4.187;# [kJ/kg]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Tower cross section Area:\n",
+ "Al = L2_prime/L_min;# [square m]\n",
+ "Ag = Gs/G_min;# [square m]\n",
+ "A = min(Al,Ag);# [square m]\n",
+ "Area = 3.25;\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.54\n",
+ "def f16(Z):\n",
+ " return Area-(Kya*Z/G_min)\n",
+ "Z = fsolve(f16,2);\n",
+ "print\"The height of tower is\",round(Z,2),\" m\\n\"\n",
+ "NtoG = 3.25;\n",
+ "HtoG = G_min/Kya;# [m]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Make up water\n",
+ "# Assuming the outlet air is essentially saturated:\n",
+ "Y2_prime = 0.0475;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "E = G_min*(A)*(Y2_prime-Y1_prime);# [kg/s]\n",
+ "# Windage loss estimated as 0.2 percent\n",
+ "W = 0.002*L2_prime;# [kg/s]\n",
+ "ppm_blowdown = 2000;# [ppm]\n",
+ "ppm_makeup = 500;# [ppm]\n",
+ "# Since the weight fraction are proportional to the corresponding ppm values:\n",
+ "B = (E*ppm_makeup/(ppm_blowdown-ppm_makeup))-W;# [kg/s]\n",
+ "M = B+E+W;# [kg/s]\n",
+ "print\"The makeup water requirement is estimated to be\",round(M,2),\" kg/s\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.11 - Page: 249\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The height of tower is 7.22 m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The makeup water requirement is estimated to be 0.46 kg/s\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 81
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.13: Page 254"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.13\n",
+ "# Page: 254\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.13\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from scipy.optimize import fsolve \n",
+ "# Given\n",
+ "Tempg1=65;# [OC]\n",
+ "Y1_prime=0.0170;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "# Using adiabatic satursion line on Fig. 7.5 (Pg 232)\n",
+ "Tempas=32;# [OC]\n",
+ "Yas_prime=0.0309;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "Tempg2=45;# [OC]\n",
+ "Z=2;# [m]\n",
+ "#*******#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Y2_prime=0.0265;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "def f19(Kya_by_Gs):\n",
+ " return math.log((Yas_prime-Y1_prime)/(Yas_prime-Y2_prime))-(Kya_by_Gs*Z)\n",
+ "Kya_by_Gs=fsolve(f19,1);# [1/m]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# For the extended chamber:\n",
+ "Z=4;# [m]\n",
+ "def f20(Y2_prime):\n",
+ " return math.log((Yas_prime-Y1_prime)/(Yas_prime-Y2_prime))-(Kya_by_Gs*Z)\n",
+ "Y2_prime=fsolve(f20,0.029);#[kg water/kg dry air] \n",
+ "# With the same adiabatic curve:\n",
+ "Tempg2=34;# [OC] from the curve\n",
+ "print\"The Outlet Conditions are:\\n\"\n",
+ "print\"Absolute Humidity is\",round(Y2_prime,4),\" kg water/kg dry air\\n\"\n",
+ "print\"Dry Bulb Temperature is\",round(Tempg2), \"degree C\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.13\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "The Outlet Conditions are:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Absolute Humidity is 0.0295 kg water/kg dry air\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Dry Bulb Temperature is 34.0 degree C\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 137
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.14: Page 256"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.14\n",
+ "# Page: 256\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.14 - Page: 256\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from scipy.optimize import fsolve\n",
+ "#****Data****#\n",
+ "# a = N2 b = CO\n",
+ "# Entering gas\n",
+ "Y1_prime = 0.0;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "Pt = 1.0;# [atm]\n",
+ "Tempg1 = 315.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "G_prime = 5.0;# [square m/s]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Temp of the tower:\n",
+ "Templ2 = 18.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "Density_L2 = 1000.0; #[kg/square m]\n",
+ "viscocity_L2 = 1.056*10**(-3);# [kg/m.s]\n",
+ "Tempg2 = 27.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Mb = 28.0;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "Ma = 18.02;# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "Density_G1 = (Mb/22.41)*(273/(Tempg1+273));# [kg/square m]\n",
+ "G1 = G_prime*(Density_G1);# [kg/s]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Since the outlet gas is nearly saturated:\n",
+ "Y_prime = 0.024;# [kg water/kg dry air]\n",
+ "Y2_prime = 0.022;# [kg water/kg dry air, assumed]\n",
+ "G2 = G1*(1+Y2_prime);# [kg/s]\n",
+ "Mav = (1+Y2_prime)/((1/Mb)+(Y2_prime/Ma));# [kg/kmol]\n",
+ "Density_G2 = (Mav/22.4)*(273.0/(Templ2+273));# [kg/square m]\n",
+ "L2_by_G2 = 2.0;\n",
+ "abcissa = L2_by_G2*(Density_G2/(Density_L2-Density_G2))**(1/2);\n",
+ "# From Fig. 6.34:\n",
+ "# For a gas pressure drop of 400 N/square m/m\n",
+ "ordinate = 0.073;\n",
+ "# From Table 6.3:\n",
+ "Cf = 65.0;\n",
+ "J = 1.0;\n",
+ "def f21(G2_prime):\n",
+ " return ((G2_prime**2)*Cf*(viscocity_L2**0.1)*J/(Density_G2*(Density_L2-Density_G2)))-ordinate\n",
+ "# Tentative data:\n",
+ "G2_prime = fsolve(f21,2);# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "Area = G1/G2_prime;# [square m]\n",
+ "dia = math.sqrt(4*Area/math.pi);# [m]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Final data:\n",
+ "dia = 1.50;# [m]\n",
+ "Area = math.pi*dia**2.0/4;# [square m]\n",
+ "Gs_prime = G1/Area;# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "G2_prime = G2/Area;# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "L2_prime = L2_by_G2*G2_prime;# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.29:\n",
+ "def f22(L1_prime):\n",
+ " return (L2_prime-L1_prime)-(Gs_prime*(Y2_prime-Y1_prime))\n",
+ "L1_prime = fsolve(f22,2);\n",
+ "Cb = 1089;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "Ca = 1884;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "Cs1 = Cb+(Y1_prime*Ca);# [J/(kg dry air).K]\n",
+ "Cs2 = Cb+(Y2_prime*Ca);# [J/(kg dry air).K]\n",
+ "Tempo = Templ2;# [base temp.,K]\n",
+ "Lambda = 2.46*10**6;# [J/kg]\n",
+ "CaL = 4187;# [J/kg K]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.31:\n",
+ "def f23(Templ1):\n",
+ " return ((L2_prime*CaL*(Templ2-Tempo))+(Gs_prime*Cs1*(Tempg1-Tempo)))-((L1_prime*CaL*(Templ1-Tempo))+(Gs_prime*(Cs2*(Tempg2-Tempo))+(Y2_prime*Lambda)))\n",
+ "Templ1 = fsolve(f23,2);\n",
+ "# At Templ1 = 49.2 OC\n",
+ "viscocity_L = 0.557*10**(-3);# [kg/m.s]\n",
+ "Density_L = 989.0;# [kg/square m]\n",
+ "K = 0.64;# [w/m.K]\n",
+ "Prl = CaL*viscocity_L/K;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# For Entering Gas:\n",
+ "viscocity_G1 = 0.0288*10**(-3);# [kg*/m.s]\n",
+ "Dab = 0.8089*10**(-4);# [square m/s]\n",
+ "ScG = viscocity_G1/(Density_G1*Dab);\n",
+ "PrG = 0.74;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# From Illustration 6.7:\n",
+ "a = 53.1;# [square m/square m]\n",
+ "Fga = 0.0736;# [kmol/square m]\n",
+ "Hga = 4440.0;# [W/square m.K]\n",
+ "Hla = 350500.0;# [W/square m.K]\n",
+ "# At the bottom, by several trial:\n",
+ "Tempi = 50.3;# [OC]\n",
+ "pai = 93.9/760;# [atm]\n",
+ "paG = 0;# [atm]\n",
+ "# By Eqn. 7.64:\n",
+ "dY_prime_by_dZ = -(Ma*Fga/Gs_prime)*math.log((1-(pai/Pt))/(1-(paG/Pt)));# [(kg H2O/kg dry gas)/m]\n",
+ "Hg_primea = -(Gs_prime*Ca*dY_prime_by_dZ)/(1-math.exp((Gs_prime*Ca*dY_prime_by_dZ)/(Hga)));# [W/square m.K]\n",
+ "dTempg_by_dZ = -(Hg_primea*(Tempg1-Tempi)/(Gs_prime*Cs1));# [OC/m]\n",
+ "Tempi = (Templ1)+((Gs_prime*(Cs1*dTempg_by_dZ)+((Ca*(Tempg1))-(CaL*(Templ1))+(((CaL-Ca)*(Tempo))+Lambda))*dY_prime_by_dZ)/((Gs_prime*CaL*dY_prime_by_dZ)-Hla));#[OC]\n",
+ "# Assume:\n",
+ "delta_Tempg = -30;# [OC]\n",
+ "delta_Z = delta_Tempg/(dTempg_by_dZ);# [m]\n",
+ "Tempg = Tempg1+delta_Tempg;# [OC]\n",
+ "Y_prime = Y1_prime+(dY_prime_by_dZ)*delta_Z;# [kg H2O/kg dry gas]\n",
+ "paG = Y_prime/(Y_prime+(Ma/Mb));# [atm]\n",
+ "Cs = Cb+Ca*(Y_prime);# [J/(kg dry air).K]\n",
+ "# Water balance, From Eqn. 7.29:\n",
+ "def f24(L_prime):\n",
+ " return (L2_prime-L_prime)-(Gs_prime*(Y_prime-Y1_prime))\n",
+ "L_prime = fsolve(f24,2);# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "def f25(Templ):\n",
+ " return ((L_prime*CaL*(Templ-Tempo))+(Gs_prime*Cs1*(Tempg1-Tempo)))-((L1_prime*CaL*(Templ1-Tempo))+(Gs_prime*(Cs*(Tempg-Tempo))+(Y_prime*Lambda)))\n",
+ "Templ = fsolve(f25,2);\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# This process is repeated several times until gas temp falls to Tempg2\n",
+ "Z = 1.54;# [m] Z = sum of all delta_Z\n",
+ "# The value of Y2_prime was calculated to be 0.0222 which is sufficiently close to the assumed value.\n",
+ "print\"The diameter of tower is \",dia,\" m\\n\"\n",
+ "print\"The packed height is\",Z, \"m\\n\""
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "prompt_number": 6
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "heading",
+ "level": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Ex7.15: Page 267"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "collapsed": false,
+ "input": [
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Illustration 7.15\n",
+ "# Page: 267\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print'Illustration 7.15 - Page: 267\\n\\n'\n",
+ "\n",
+ "from scipy.optimize import fsolve\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "import numpy\n",
+ "# solution\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#***Data***#\n",
+ "w = 0.75;# [m]\n",
+ "OD = 19.05/1000;# [m]\n",
+ "l = 3.75;# [m]\n",
+ "n = 20;\n",
+ "t = 1.65/1000;# [m]\n",
+ "Ws = 2.3;# [kg/s]\n",
+ "Wal = 10.0;# [kg/s]\n",
+ "Wt = 4.0;# [kg/s]\n",
+ "Density = 800;# [kg/cubic m]\n",
+ "viscocity = 0.005;# [kg/m.s]\n",
+ "K = 0.1436;# [W/m.K]\n",
+ "Ct = 2010.0;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "Cal = 4187.0;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "Y1_prime = 0.01;# [kg H2O/kg dry air]\n",
+ "Y2_prime = 0.06;# [kg H2O/kg dry air]\n",
+ "TempT = 95.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "#*****#\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Free_area = (w-(n*OD))*l;# [square m]\n",
+ "Gs_min = 2.3/Free_area;# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "M1 = 1.461;Yav_prime = (Y1_prime+Y2_prime)/2;# [kg H2O/kg dry air]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.86:\n",
+ "ky = 0.0493*(Gs_min*(1+Yav_prime))**0.905;# [kg/square m.s.delta_Y_prime]\n",
+ "# From Fig. 7.5:\n",
+ "H1_prime = 56000.0;# [J/kg]\n",
+ "Ao = 400*math.pi*OD*l;# [square m]\n",
+ "# Cooling water is distributed over 40 tubes & since tubes are staggered\n",
+ "geta = Wal/(40.0*2*l);# [kg/m.s]\n",
+ "geta_by_OD = geta/OD;# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "# Assume:\n",
+ "TempL = 28.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.84:\n",
+ "hL_prime = (982+(15.58*TempL))*(geta_by_OD**(1/3));# [W/square m.K]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.85:\n",
+ "hL_dprime = 11360;# [W/square m.K]\n",
+ "# From Fig. 7.5 (Pg 232)\n",
+ "m = 5000.0;# [J/kg.K]\n",
+ "Ky = 1.0/((1/ky)+(m/hL_dprime));\n",
+ "ID = (OD-(2.0*t));# [m]\n",
+ "Ai = math.pi*(ID**2)/4;# [square m]\n",
+ "Gt_prime = Wt/(n*Ai);# [kg/square m.s]\n",
+ "M2 = -0.7204;Re = ID*Gt_prime/viscocity;\n",
+ "Pr = Ct*viscocity/K;\n",
+ "# From a standard correlation:\n",
+ "hT = 364.0;# [W/square m.K]\n",
+ "Dav = (ID+OD)/2.0;# [m]\n",
+ "Zm = (OD-ID)/2;# [m]\n",
+ "Km = 112.5;# [W/m.K]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.67:\n",
+ "Uo = 1/((OD/(ID*hT))+((OD/Dav)*(Zm/Km))+(1/hL_prime));# [W/square m.K]\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.75:\n",
+ "alpha1 = -(((Uo*Ao)/(Wt*Ct))+((Uo*Ao)/(Wal*Cal)));\n",
+ "alpha2 = m*Uo*Ao/(Wt*Ct);\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.76:\n",
+ "beeta1 = Ky*Ao/(Wal*Cal);\n",
+ "beeta2 = -((m*Ky*Ao/(Wal*Cal))-(Ky*Ao/Ws));\n",
+ "def f26(r):\n",
+ " return (r**2)+((alpha1+beeta2)*r)+((alpha1*beeta2)-(alpha2*beeta1))\n",
+ "r1 = fsolve(f26,10);\n",
+ "r2 = fsolve(f26,0);\n",
+ "beeta2 = 1.402;\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.83:\n",
+ "# N1-(M1*(r1+alpha1)/beeta1) = 0............................................(1)\n",
+ "# N2-(M2*(r2+alpha2)/beeta2) = 0............................................(2)\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.77:\n",
+ "# At the top:\n",
+ "x1 = 1.0;\n",
+ "# TempL2+(M1*exp(r1*x1))+(M2*exp(-(r2*x1))) = TempL.........................(3)\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.78:\n",
+ "# At the bottom:\n",
+ "x2 = 0.0;\n",
+ "# H1_star-N1-N2 = H1_prime..................................................(4)\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.80:\n",
+ "# ((M1/r1)*(exp(r1)-1))+((M2*r2)*(exp(r2)-1)) = (Tempt-TempL)...............(5)\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.81:\n",
+ "# ((N1/r1)*(exp(r1)-1))+((N2*r2)*(exp(r2)-1)) = (H1_star-H1_prime)..........(6)\n",
+ "# From Eqn. 7.91 & Eqn. 7.92:\n",
+ "# Uo*Ao*(TempT-TempL)=Ky*Ao*(H1_star-H1_prime)..............................(7)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Elimination of M's & N's by solving Eqn. (1) to (4) and (7) simultaneously:\n",
+ "# and from Fig. 7.5 (Pg 232):\n",
+ "TempL1=28.0;# [OC]\n",
+ "H1_star=(Uo*Ao*(TempT-TempL)/(Ky*Ao))+H1_prime;# [J/kmol]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "N1 = 3594.0*M1\n",
+ "N2 =-43288.0*M2;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# By Eqn. 5\n",
+ "delta_Temp = ((M1/r1)*(math.exp(r1)-1))+((M2*r2)*(math.exp(r2)-1));# [OC]\n",
+ "Q = Uo*delta_Temp*Ao;\n",
+ "TempT1 = TempT-(Q/(Wt*Ct));# [OC]\n",
+ "H2_prime = Q/(Ws)+H1_prime;# [J/kg]\n",
+ "print\"Temperature to which oil was cooled:\",int(TempT1),\" degree C\\n\"\n",
+ "# The solution in the textbook is wrong "
+ ],
+ "language": "python",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ "Illustration 7.15 - Page: 267\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Temperature to which oil was cooled:"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "stream": "stdout",
+ "text": [
+ " 57 degree C\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "prompt_number": 1
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file |