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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 8: Arrays"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.1, Page number: 256"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "word = array('c', ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'])\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Result\n",
+      "print ('The contents of word [] is %s ' % ''.join(word))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The contents of word [] is Hello \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2, Page number: 259"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "marks = [0]*10\n",
+      "avg = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculation and result\n",
+      "for i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\tmarks[i] = int(raw_input('Enter value in cell [%d] ' % i))\n",
+      "\tavg = avg + marks[i]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "avg = avg/10\n",
+      "print ('The average marks are %f' % avg)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\tif marks[i] < avg :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('Marks in cell [%d] are %d less than average' % (i, marks[i]))\n",
+      "\telse :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('Marks in cell [%d] are %d above/equal to average' % (i, marks[i]))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [0] 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [1] 78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [2] 65\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [3] 43\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [4] 56\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [5] 98\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [6] 53\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [7] 82\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [8] 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [9] 39\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The average marks are 63.000000\n",
+        "Marks in cell [0] are 45 less than average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [1] are 78 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [2] are 65 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [3] are 43 less than average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [4] are 56 less than average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [5] are 98 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [6] are 53 less than average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [7] are 82 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [8] are 74 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [9] are 39 less than average\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.3, Page number: 261"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "data = raw_input('Enter the string ')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculation and result\n",
+      "rev_data = reversed (data)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if list (data) == list (rev_data) :\n",
+      "\tprint ('The string %s is a PALINDROME' % data)\n",
+      "else :\n",
+      "\tprint ('The string %s is not a PALINDROME' % data)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the string MADAM\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The string MADAM is a PALINDROME\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.4, Page number: 266"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "marks = [0]*10\n",
+      "avg = 0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readdata (marks) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\tmarks[i] = int(raw_input('Enter value in cell [%d] ' % i))\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "def average (marks) :\n",
+      "\tmean = 0\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\tmean = mean + marks[i]\n",
+      "\treturn mean/10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printdata (marks, avg) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\tif marks[i] < avg :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('Marks in cell [%d] are %d less than average' % (i, marks[i]))\n",
+      "\t\telse :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('Marks in cell [%d] are %d above/equal to average' % (i, marks[i]))\t\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "readdata (marks)\n",
+      "avg = average (marks)\t\n",
+      "print ('The average marks are %f' % avg)\n",
+      "printdata (marks, avg)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [0] 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [1] 78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [2] 65\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [3] 43\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [4] 56\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [5] 98\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [6] 53\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [7] 82\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [8] 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter value in cell [9] 39\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The average marks are 63.000000\n",
+        "Marks in cell [0] are 45 less than average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [1] are 78 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [2] are 65 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [3] are 43 less than average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [4] are 56 less than average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [5] are 98 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [6] are 53 less than average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [7] are 82 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [8] are 74 above/equal to average\n",
+        "Marks in cell [9] are 39 less than average\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.5, Page number: 273"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def fun (x, y, z) :\n",
+      "\tx = x + 5\n",
+      "\ty = y + 10\n",
+      "\tz[4] = z[4] + 100\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range (0, 5) :\n",
+      "\tprint ('The cell [%d] contains %d' % (i, a[i]))\n",
+      "\tprint ('The address of cell [%d] is %x' % (i, id(a[i])))\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "fun (a[0], a[3], a)\t\n",
+      "print\n",
+      "\n",
+      "for i in range (0, 5) :\n",
+      "\tprint ('The cell [%d] contains %d' % (i, a[i]))\n",
+      "\tprint ('The address of cell [%d] is %x' % (i, id(a[i])))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The cell [0] contains 10\n",
+        "The address of cell [0] is 18bc0c0\n",
+        "The cell [1] contains 20\n",
+        "The address of cell [1] is 18bbfd0\n",
+        "The cell [2] contains 30\n",
+        "The address of cell [2] is 18bbee0\n",
+        "The cell [3] contains 40\n",
+        "The address of cell [3] is 18bc5b8\n",
+        "The cell [4] contains 50\n",
+        "The address of cell [4] is 18bc4c8\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The cell [0] contains 10\n",
+        "The address of cell [0] is 18bc0c0\n",
+        "The cell [1] contains 20\n",
+        "The address of cell [1] is 18bbfd0\n",
+        "The cell [2] contains 30\n",
+        "The address of cell [2] is 18bbee0\n",
+        "The cell [3] contains 40\n",
+        "The address of cell [3] is 18bc5b8\n",
+        "The cell [4] contains 150\n",
+        "The address of cell [4] is 18bcaf8\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6, Page number: 275"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "data = raw_input('Enter the string ')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def revstring (data) :\n",
+      "\trev_data = reversed (data)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\tif list (data) == list (rev_data) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The string %s is a PALINDROME' % data)\n",
+      "\telse :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The string %s is not a PALINDROME' % data)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "revstring (data)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the string python\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The string python is not a PALINDROME\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.7, Page number: 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "a = [0]*10\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readnsort (a) :\n",
+      "\tpos = 0\n",
+      "\tfor len in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\tnum = int(raw_input('Enter data element no. %d ' % len))\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tfor pos in range (0, len+1) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif num < a[pos] :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tbreak\n",
+      "\t\t\t\t\n",
+      "\t\ti = len\t\t\n",
+      "\t\twhile i>=pos :\n",
+      "\t\t\ta[i] = a[i-1]\n",
+      "\t\t\ti = i-1\n",
+      "\t\ta[pos] = num\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "def printdata (a) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The data in cell [%d] is %d ' % (i, a[i]))\t\t\t\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "readnsort (a)\n",
+      "print\n",
+      "printdata (a)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 0 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 1 78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 2 65\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 3 43\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 4 56\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 5 98\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 6 53\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 7 82\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 8 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data element no. 9 39\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The data in cell [0] is 39 \n",
+        "The data in cell [1] is 43 \n",
+        "The data in cell [2] is 45 \n",
+        "The data in cell [3] is 53 \n",
+        "The data in cell [4] is 56 \n",
+        "The data in cell [5] is 65 \n",
+        "The data in cell [6] is 74 \n",
+        "The data in cell [7] is 78 \n",
+        "The data in cell [8] is 82 \n",
+        "The data in cell [9] is 98 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.8, Page number: 279"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readdata () :\n",
+      "\ta = []\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\ta.append(int(raw_input('Enter data in cell [%d] ' % i)))\n",
+      "\treturn a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def sortdata (a) :\n",
+      "\tfor p in range (0, 9) :\n",
+      "\t\tmin = p\n",
+      "\t\tfor i in range (p, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif a[min] > a[i] :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tmin = i\n",
+      "\t\ttemp = a[p]\n",
+      "\t\ta[p] = a[min]\n",
+      "\t\ta[min] = temp\n",
+      "\treturn a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printdata (a) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The data in cell [%d] is %d ' % (i, a[i]))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = readdata ()\n",
+      "a = sortdata (a)\n",
+      "print ('\\nThe sorted data is ')\n",
+      "printdata (a)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [0] 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [1] 78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [2] 65\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [3] 43\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [4] 56\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [5] 98\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [6] 53\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [7] 82\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [8] 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [9] 39\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The sorted data is \n",
+        "The data in cell [0] is 39 \n",
+        "The data in cell [1] is 43 \n",
+        "The data in cell [2] is 45 \n",
+        "The data in cell [3] is 53 \n",
+        "The data in cell [4] is 56 \n",
+        "The data in cell [5] is 65 \n",
+        "The data in cell [6] is 74 \n",
+        "The data in cell [7] is 78 \n",
+        "The data in cell [8] is 82 \n",
+        "The data in cell [9] is 98 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.9, Page number: 282"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readdata () :\n",
+      "\ta = []\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\ta.append(int(raw_input('Enter data in cell [%d] ' % i)))\n",
+      "\treturn a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def bubble (a) :\n",
+      "\tfor p in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor i in range (0, 9-p) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif a[i] > a[i+1] :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ttemp = a[i]\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ta[i] = a[i+1]\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ta[i+1] = temp\n",
+      "\treturn a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printdata (a) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, 10) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The data in cell [%d] is %d ' % (i, a[i]))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = readdata ()\n",
+      "a = bubble (a)\n",
+      "print ('\\nThe sorted data is ')\n",
+      "printdata (a)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [0] 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [1] 78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [2] 65\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [3] 43\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [4] 56\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [5] 98\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [6] 53\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [7] 82\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [8] 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [9] 39\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The sorted data is \n",
+        "The data in cell [0] is 39 \n",
+        "The data in cell [1] is 43 \n",
+        "The data in cell [2] is 45 \n",
+        "The data in cell [3] is 53 \n",
+        "The data in cell [4] is 56 \n",
+        "The data in cell [5] is 65 \n",
+        "The data in cell [6] is 74 \n",
+        "The data in cell [7] is 78 \n",
+        "The data in cell [8] is 82 \n",
+        "The data in cell [9] is 98 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.10, Page number: 285"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readdata (size) :\n",
+      "\ta = []\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, size) :\n",
+      "\t\ta.append(int(raw_input('Enter data in cell [%d] ' % i)))\n",
+      "\treturn a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def bubble (a, size) :\n",
+      "\tfor p in range (0, size) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor i in range (0, size-p-1) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif a[i] > a[i+1] :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ttemp = a[i]\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ta[i] = a[i+1]\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ta[i+1] = temp\n",
+      "\treturn a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printdata (a, size) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, size) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The data in cell [%d] is %d ' % (i, a[i]))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def lsearch (a, key, size) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, size) :\n",
+      "\t\tif a[i] == key :\n",
+      "\t\t\treturn i\n",
+      "\t\tif i == size :\n",
+      "\t\t\treturn -1\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "size = int(raw_input('Enter the total number of elements '))\n",
+      "a = readdata (size)\n",
+      "a = bubble (a, size)\n",
+      "print ('\\nThe sorted array is ')\n",
+      "printdata (a, size)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "find = int(raw_input('\\nEnter the element to be searched '))\n",
+      "pos = lsearch (a, find, size)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if pos<0 :\n",
+      "\tprint ('\\nThe element %d NOT FOUND ' % find)\n",
+      "else :\n",
+      "\tprint ('\\nThe element %d found at position %d ' % (find, pos))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the total number of elements 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [0] 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [1] 78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [2] 65\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [3] 34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [4] 49\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The sorted array is \n",
+        "The data in cell [0] is 34 \n",
+        "The data in cell [1] is 45 \n",
+        "The data in cell [2] is 49 \n",
+        "The data in cell [3] is 65 \n",
+        "The data in cell [4] is 78 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the element to be searched 65\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The element 65 found at position 3 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.11, Page number: 288"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readdata (size) :\n",
+      "\ta = []\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, size) :\n",
+      "\t\ta.append(int(raw_input('Enter data in cell [%d] ' % i)))\n",
+      "\treturn a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def bubble (a, size) :\n",
+      "\tfor p in range (0, size) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor i in range (0, size-p-1) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif a[i] > a[i+1] :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ttemp = a[i]\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ta[i] = a[i+1]\n",
+      "\t\t\t\ta[i+1] = temp\n",
+      "\treturn a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printdata (a, size) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, size) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The data in cell [%d] is %d ' % (i, a[i]))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def bsearch (a, key, size) :\n",
+      "\tfirst = 0\n",
+      "\tlast = size - 1\n",
+      "\tmid = (first + last)/2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\twhile (first <= last and a[mid] != key) :\n",
+      "\t\tif a[mid] < key :\n",
+      "\t\t\tfirst = mid + 1\n",
+      "\t\telse :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif a[mid] > key :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tlast = mid - 1\n",
+      "\t\tmid = (first + last)/2\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\tif a[mid] == key :\n",
+      "\t\treturn mid\n",
+      "\telse :\n",
+      "\t\treturn -1\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "size = int(raw_input('Enter the number of elements in the array '))\n",
+      "a = readdata (size)\n",
+      "a = bubble (a, size)\n",
+      "print ('\\nThe sorted array is ')\n",
+      "printdata (a, size)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "find = int(raw_input('\\nPlease enter the element to be searched for '))\n",
+      "pos = bsearch (a, find, size)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if pos<0 :\n",
+      "\tprint ('\\nThe element %d NOT FOUND ' % find)\n",
+      "else :\n",
+      "\tprint ('\\nThe element %d found at position %d ' % (find, pos))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of elements in the array 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [0] 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [1] 78\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [2] 65\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [3] 34\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter data in cell [4] 49\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The sorted array is \n",
+        "The data in cell [0] is 34 \n",
+        "The data in cell [1] is 45 \n",
+        "The data in cell [2] is 49 \n",
+        "The data in cell [3] is 65 \n",
+        "The data in cell [4] is 78 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Please enter the element to be searched for 45\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The element 45 found at position 1 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.12, Page number: 293"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from array import *\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readncompute (no_of_students) :\n",
+      "\ta = [[0 for y in xrange(5)] for x in xrange(no_of_students)]\n",
+      "\tper = [0 for x in range(no_of_students)]\n",
+      "\tavg = 0\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, no_of_students) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\nEnter marks of 5 subjects for Roll no. %d ' % (i+1))\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, 5) :\n",
+      "\t\t\ta[i][j] = int(raw_input('Subject %d = ' % (j+1)))\n",
+      "\t\t\tper[i] = per[i] + a[i][j]\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tper[i] = per[i]/5\n",
+      "\t\tavg = avg + per[i]\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\treturn a, avg/no_of_students, per\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def printdata (a, no_of_students, avg, per) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, no_of_students) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\nMarks for Roll no. %d are ' % (i+1))\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, 5) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint a[i][j]\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('Percentage for Roll no. %d is %f ' % ((i+1), per[i]))\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tif per[i] < avg :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('Below average')\n",
+      "\t\telse :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('Above average')\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\n",
+      "no_of_students = int(raw_input('How many students marks do you want to enter '))\n",
+      "a, average, per = readncompute (no_of_students)\n",
+      "print ('\\nThe average marks are %f ' % average)\n",
+      "printdata (a, no_of_students, average, per)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "How many students marks do you want to enter 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter marks of 5 subjects for Roll no. 1 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 1 = 75\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 2 = 43\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 3 = 51\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 4 = 68\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 5 = 73\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter marks of 5 subjects for Roll no. 2 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 1 = 49\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 2 = 71\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 3 = 62\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 4 = 53\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 5 = 50\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter marks of 5 subjects for Roll no. 3 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 1 = 90\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 2 = 82\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 3 = 74\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 4 = 93\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Subject 5 = 89\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The average marks are 68.000000 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Marks for Roll no. 1 are \n",
+        "75\n",
+        "43\n",
+        "51\n",
+        "68\n",
+        "73\n",
+        "Percentage for Roll no. 1 is 62.000000 \n",
+        "Below average\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Marks for Roll no. 2 are \n",
+        "49\n",
+        "71\n",
+        "62\n",
+        "53\n",
+        "50\n",
+        "Percentage for Roll no. 2 is 57.000000 \n",
+        "Below average\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Marks for Roll no. 3 are \n",
+        "90\n",
+        "82\n",
+        "74\n",
+        "93\n",
+        "89\n",
+        "Percentage for Roll no. 3 is 85.000000 \n",
+        "Above average\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.13, Page number: 296"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def getchoice () :\n",
+      "\tprint\n",
+      "\tprint ('1 - Input two matrices ')\n",
+      "\tprint ('2 - Add and display sum ')\n",
+      "\tprint ('3 - Exit ')\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\tchoice = int(raw_input('Enter choice : '))\n",
+      "\treturn choice\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def read (matrix, rows, cols) :\t\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\nEnter elements for row %d ' % (i+1))\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tmatrix[i][j] = int(raw_input('matrix[%d][%d] = ' % ((i+1),(j+1))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def add (sum, augend, addend, rows, cols) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tsum[i][j] = augend[i][j] + addend[i][j]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display2matrices (augend, addend, rows, cols) :\n",
+      "\tprint ('\\nMatrix A ')\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % augend[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\tprint ('\\nMatrix B ')\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % addend[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display3matrices (sum, augend, addend, rows, cols) :\n",
+      "\tprint\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % augend[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('%s ' % ('+' if i==rows/2 else ' ')),\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('%2d ' % addend[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('%s ' % ('=' if i==rows/2 else ' ')),\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('%2d ' % sum[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display (matrix, rows, cols) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % matrix[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\n",
+      "augend = [[0 for y in xrange(10)] for x in xrange(10)]\n",
+      "addend = [[0 for y in xrange(10)] for x in xrange(10)]\n",
+      "sum = [[0 for y in xrange(10)] for x in xrange(10)]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "condition = True\n",
+      "while condition :\n",
+      "\tchoice = getchoice ()\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\tif choice == 1 :\n",
+      "\t\trows = int(raw_input('\\nEnter the number of rows '))\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tcols = int(raw_input('Enter the number of columns '))\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\n\\nEnter the first matrix ')\n",
+      "\t\tread (augend, rows, cols)\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\n\\nEnter the second matrix ')\n",
+      "\t\tread (addend, rows, cols)\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\n\\nYou entered ')\n",
+      "\t\tdisplay2matrices (augend, addend, rows, cols)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\telif choice == 2 :\n",
+      "\t\tadd (sum, augend, addend, rows, cols)\n",
+      "\t\tdisplay3matrices (sum, augend, addend, rows, cols)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\telif choice == 3 :\n",
+      "\t\tcondition = False\n",
+      "\t\texit ()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1 - Input two matrices \n",
+        "2 - Add and display sum \n",
+        "3 - Exit \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter choice : 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the number of rows 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the number of columns 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the first matrix \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row 1 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][1] = 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][2] = 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][3] = 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row 2 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][1] = 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][2] = 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][3] = 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row 3 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][1] = 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][2] = 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][3] = 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter the second matrix \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row 1 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][1] = 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][2] = 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][3] = 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row 2 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][1] = 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][2] = 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][3] = 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row 3 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][1] = 8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][2] = 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][3] = 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "You entered \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Matrix A \n",
+        "  1    2    3 \n",
+        "  3    4    5 \n",
+        "  5    6    7 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Matrix B \n",
+        "  3    5    1 \n",
+        "  6    5    3 \n",
+        "  8    7    4 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "1 - Input two matrices \n",
+        "2 - Add and display sum \n",
+        "3 - Exit \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter choice : 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "  1    2    3      3   5   1      4   7   4 \n",
+        "  3    4    5  +   6   5   3  =   9   9   8 \n",
+        "  5    6    7      8   7   4     13  13  11 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "1 - Input two matrices \n",
+        "2 - Add and display sum \n",
+        "3 - Exit \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter choice : 3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.14, Page number: 300"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readmatrix (matrix, rows, cols) :\t\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\nPlease enter elements for row %d ' % (i+1))\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tmatrix[i][j] = int(raw_input('matrix[%d][%d] = ' % ((i+1),(j+1))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def multiply (prod, a, b, Ar, Ac, Bc) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, Ar) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, Bc) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprod[i][j] = 0\n",
+      "\t\t\tfor k in range (0, Ac) :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tprod[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display (matrix, rows, cols) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % matrix[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a = [[0 for y in xrange(10)] for x in xrange(10)]\n",
+      "b = [[0 for y in xrange(10)] for x in xrange(10)]\n",
+      "product = [[0 for y in xrange(10)] for x in xrange(10)]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "condition = True\n",
+      "while condition  :\n",
+      "\tArows, Acols = map(int, raw_input('Enter order of matrix A: ').split())\n",
+      "\tBrows, Bcols = map(int, raw_input('Enter order of matrix B: ').split())\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\tif Acols == Brows :\n",
+      "\t\tcondition = False\n",
+      "\t\tbreak\n",
+      "\telse : \n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\nMatrices are not compatible for multiplication. Enter the order again. ')\n",
+      "\t\tcontinue\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "print ('\\nEnter matrix A: ')\n",
+      "readmatrix (a, Arows, Acols)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "print ('\\nEnter matrix B: ')\n",
+      "readmatrix (b, Brows, Bcols)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "multiply (product, a, b, Arows, Acols, Bcols)\n",
+      "print ('\\nThe resultant product (A.B) is: ')\n",
+      "display (product, Arows, Bcols)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter order of matrix A: 2 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter order of matrix B: 3 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter matrix A: \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Please enter elements for row 1 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][1] = 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][2] = 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][3] = 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Please enter elements for row 2 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][1] = 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][2] = 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][3] = 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter matrix B: \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Please enter elements for row 1 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][1] = 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][2] = 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Please enter elements for row 2 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][1] = 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][2] = 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Please enter elements for row 3 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][1] = 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][2] = 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The resultant product (A.B) is: \n",
+        " 20   14 \n",
+        " 56   41 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.15, Page number: 303"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def getchoice () :\n",
+      "\tprint\n",
+      "\tprint ('1 - Input square matrix ')\n",
+      "\tprint ('2 - Display upper triangular matrix ')\n",
+      "\tprint ('3 - Display lower triangular matrix ')\n",
+      "\tprint ('4 - Exit ')\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\tcondition = True\n",
+      "\twhile condition :\n",
+      "\t\tchoice = int(raw_input('Enter choice : '))\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tif choice in range (1, 5) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tcondition = False\n",
+      "\t\t\t\n",
+      "\treturn choice\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def displayupper (matrix, order) :\n",
+      "\tprint\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, order) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, order) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif j >= i :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % matrix[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\t\telse :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % 0),\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "def displaylower (matrix, order) :\n",
+      "\tprint\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, order) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, order) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif j <= i :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % matrix[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\t\telse :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tprint ('%3d ' % 0),\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def read (matrix, rows, cols) :\t\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, rows) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\nEnter %d elements for row %d ' % (rows, (i+1)))\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, cols) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tmatrix[i][j] = int(raw_input('matrix[%d][%d] = ' % ((i+1),(j+1))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "matrix = [[0 for y in xrange(10)] for x in xrange(10)]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "condition = True\n",
+      "while condition :\n",
+      "\tchoice = getchoice ()\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\tif choice == 1 :\n",
+      "\t\torder = int(raw_input('\\nEnter order of square matrix '))\t\t\n",
+      "\t\tread (matrix, order, order)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\telif choice == 2 :\n",
+      "\t\tdisplayupper (matrix, order)\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\telif choice == 3 :\n",
+      "\t\tdisplaylower (matrix, order)\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "\telif choice == 4 :\n",
+      "\t\tcondition = False\n",
+      "\t\texit ()"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1 - Input square matrix \n",
+        "2 - Display upper triangular matrix \n",
+        "3 - Display lower triangular matrix \n",
+        "4 - Exit \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter choice : 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter order of square matrix 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter 3 elements for row 1 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][1] = 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][2] = 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][3] = 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter 3 elements for row 2 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][1] = 4\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][2] = 5\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][3] = 6\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter 3 elements for row 3 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][1] = 7\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][2] = 8\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][3] = 9\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "1 - Input square matrix \n",
+        "2 - Display upper triangular matrix \n",
+        "3 - Display lower triangular matrix \n",
+        "4 - Exit \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter choice : 2\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "  1    2    3 \n",
+        "  0    5    6 \n",
+        "  0    0    9 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "1 - Input square matrix \n",
+        "2 - Display upper triangular matrix \n",
+        "3 - Display lower triangular matrix \n",
+        "4 - Exit \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter choice : 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "  1    0    0 \n",
+        "  4    5    0 \n",
+        "  7    8    9 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "1 - Input square matrix \n",
+        "2 - Display upper triangular matrix \n",
+        "3 - Display lower triangular matrix \n",
+        "4 - Exit \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter choice : 4\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.16, Page number: 307"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def readmatrix (matrix, n) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, n) :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('\\nEnter elements for row no %d ' % (i+1))\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, n) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tmatrix[i][j] = int(raw_input('matrix[%d][%d] = ' % ((i+1),(j+1))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def display (matrix, n) :\n",
+      "\tprint\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, n) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, n) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint ('%5d ' % matrix[i][j]),\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "def isunitmatrix(matrix, n) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, n) :\n",
+      "\t\tif matrix[i][i] != 1 :\n",
+      "\t\t\treturn 0\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, n) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, n) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tif i != j :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\tif matrix[i][j] != 0 :\n",
+      "\t\t\t\t\treturn 0\n",
+      "\treturn 1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "matrix = [[0 for y in xrange(10)] for x in xrange(10)]\n",
+      "n = int(raw_input('Enter order of matrix '))\n",
+      "readmatrix (matrix, n)\n",
+      "display (matrix, n)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "if (isunitmatrix (matrix, n)) :\n",
+      "\tprint \"UNIT MATRIX\"\n",
+      "else :\n",
+      "\tprint \"NOT A UNIT MATRIX\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter order of matrix 3\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row no 1 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][1] = 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][2] = 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[1][3] = 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row no 2 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][1] = 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][2] = 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[2][3] = 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "Enter elements for row no 3 \n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][1] = 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][2] = 0\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "matrix[3][3] = 1\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "    1      0      0 \n",
+        "    0      1      0 \n",
+        "    0      0      1 \n",
+        "UNIT MATRIX\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.17, Page number: 311"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "string = raw_input('Enter a string: ')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Calculation and result\n",
+      "swap_string = string.swapcase()\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print swap_string"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a string: hello world\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "HELLO WORLD\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.18, Page number: 312"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "string = raw_input('Enter a string ')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def printstr (string) :\n",
+      "\tfor i in range (0, len(string)) :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, i+1) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint string[j],\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "\ti = i - 2\n",
+      "\twhile i >= 0 :\n",
+      "\t\tfor j in range (0, i+1) :\n",
+      "\t\t\tprint string[j],\n",
+      "\t\tprint\n",
+      "\t\ti = i - 1\n",
+      "\t\t\n",
+      "printstr (string)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter a string hello\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "h\n",
+        "h e\n",
+        "h e l\n",
+        "h e l l\n",
+        "h e l l o\n",
+        "h e l\n",
+        "h e\n",
+        "h\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.19, Page number: 314"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "a = raw_input('Enter any string ')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def copy (a) :\n",
+      "\tb = a\n",
+      "\treturn b\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "b = copy (a)\n",
+      "print\n",
+      "print ('The first string is %s ' % a)\n",
+      "print ('The second string is %s ' % b)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter any string hello\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "The first string is hello \n",
+        "The second string is hello \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.20, Page number: 315"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Variable declaration\n",
+      "a = raw_input('Enter the major string: ')\n",
+      "b = raw_input('Enter the minor string: ')\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Function declaration, calculation and result\n",
+      "def ispart (a, b) :\n",
+      "\tif b in a :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The string \"%s\" is A SUBSTRING of \"%s\" ' % (b, a))\n",
+      "\telse :\n",
+      "\t\tprint ('The string \"%s\" is NOT A SUBSTRING of \"%s\" ' % (b, a))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ispart (a, b)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the major string: python is a programming language\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "name": "stdout",
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Enter the minor string: python\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The string \"python\" is A SUBSTRING of \"python is a programming language\" \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file