Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books

A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/README.txt A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch2_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch3_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch4_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch5_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch6_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch7_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch8_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch9_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/screenshots/ch2_1.png A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/screenshots/ch7_1.png A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/screenshots/kVSv5.png A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER2_1.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER4_2.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER5_2.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER6_2.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER7_2.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/README.txt A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/screenshots/CHAP2.png A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/screenshots/CHAP4.png A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/screenshots/CHAP5.png D A_First_course_in_Programming_with_C/Chapter14.ipynb M A_First_course_in_Programming_with_C_by_T_Jeyapoovan/Chapter14_2.ipynb A A_First_course_in_Programming_with_C_by_T_Jeyapoovan/README.txt A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1.2.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1.3.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1.7.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1_2.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1_3.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1_7.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.10.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.11.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.13.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.14.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.15.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.16.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.17.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.18.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.2.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.3.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.4.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.5.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.6.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.7.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.8.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.9.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2_10.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2_11.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2_13.ipynb A 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Internal_Combustion_Engines_by_H._B._Keswani/screenshots/ch9.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter10_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter10_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter10_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter10_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter11_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter11_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter11_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter11_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter12_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter12_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter12_3.ipynb A 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Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter3_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter3_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter3_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter3_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter4_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter4_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter4_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter4_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter5_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter5_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter5_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter5_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter6_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter6_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter6_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter6_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter7_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter7_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter7_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter7_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter8_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter8_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter8_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter8_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter9_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter9_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter9_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter9_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/README.txt A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter10_1.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter10_2.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter10_3.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter10_4.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter3_1.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter3_2.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter3_3.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter3_4.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter4_1.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter4_2.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter4_3.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter4_4.png A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter2(PartB).ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter3(partB).ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter4(PartB).ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter5.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter6.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter7.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/screenshots/chapter1.png A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/screenshots/chapter2.png A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/screenshots/chapter3.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/AppendixB.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/AppendixB_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter10.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter10_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter10_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter1_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter1_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter2_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter2_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter3.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter3_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter3_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter5.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter5_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter5_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter6.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter6_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter6_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter8.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter8_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter8_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter9.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter9_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter9_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_VLdc_VLrms.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_VLdc_VLrms_1.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_VLdc_VLrms_2.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_variation_of_RF_FF.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_variation_of_RF_FF_1.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_variation_of_RF_FF_2.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch_3_variation_avg_rms_load_V.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch_3_variation_avg_rms_load_V_1.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch_3_variation_avg_rms_load_V_2.png A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/Chapter9.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter1.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter2.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter3.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter4.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter6.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter7.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter8.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter_5.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex1.2.png A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex3.13.png A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex6.7.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14_1.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15_1.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_1.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_2.png A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER19.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER21.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER24_.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER26.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER30.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER31.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER33.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10.png A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16.png A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP19.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch2.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch2_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch3.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch3_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch4.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch4_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch5.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch5_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch6.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch6_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch7.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch7_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/FricCoeff.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/FricCoeff_1.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/fillingtime.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/fillingtime_1.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/millPOwer.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/millPOwer_1.png A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter10.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter11.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter12.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter13.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter14.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter15.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter16.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter17.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter2.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter3.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter4.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter5.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter6.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter7.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter8.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter9.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/screenshots/Chapter10.png A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/screenshots/Chapter11.png A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/screenshots/Chapter12.png A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter10_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter12_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter1_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter2_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter3_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter4_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter5_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter6_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter7_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter8_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter9_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/README.txt A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/screenshots/11.png A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/screenshots/22.png A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/screenshots/33.png A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_2_Generalized_Configurations_and_Functional_Descriptions_of_Measuring_Instruments.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_3_Generalized_Performance_Characteristics_of_Instruments.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_4_Relative_Velocity_Translational_and_Rotational.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_5_Force_Torque_and_Shaft_power_Measurement.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_6_Pressure_and_Sound_Measurement.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_7_Flow_Measurement.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_8_Temperature_and_Heat-Flux_Measurement.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/screenshots/cha3.png A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/screenshots/cha4.png A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/screenshots/cha5.png A Mechanical_Metallurgy_by_George_E._Dieter/README.txt A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/AppendixA.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/AppendixA_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/AppendixA_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/AppendixA_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_10.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_11.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_12.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_13.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_14.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_4.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_5.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_6.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_7.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_8.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_9.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter02.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter02_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter02_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter02_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter03.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter03_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter03_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter03_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter04.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter04_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter04_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter04_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter05.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter05_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter05_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter05_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter06.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter06_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter06_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter06_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter07.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter07_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter07_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter07_3.ipynb A 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Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/chapter03.ipynb A Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/chapter04.ipynb A Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/screenshots/ResolShaftSpeed3.png A Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/screenshots/TorqLossEff1.png A Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/screenshots/Torq_Speed1.png A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter01.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter02.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter03.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter04.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter05.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter06.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter07.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter08.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter09.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter10.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter11.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter12.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter13.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter14.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter15.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter16.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter17.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/README.txt A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_10_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_10_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_11_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_11_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_12_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_12_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_13_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_13_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_14_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_14_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_15_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_15_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_16_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_16_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_17_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_17_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_1_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_1_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_2_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_2_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_3_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_3_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_4_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_4_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_5_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_5_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_6_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_6_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_7_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_7_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_8_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_8_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_9_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_9_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/B.M.D_1.JPG A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/B.M.D_2.JPG A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/BMD2.png A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/S.F.D_1.jpg A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/S.F.D_1_1.jpg A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/S.F.D_2.jpg A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/S.F.D_4.jpg A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/SFD.png A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/SFD3.png M The_C_Book/Chapter2.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/README.txt R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch10.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch10.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch10_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch2.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch2.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch2_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch3.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch3.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch3_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch4.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch4.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch4_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch5.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch5.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch5_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch6.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch6.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch6_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch7.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch7.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch7_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch8.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch8.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch8_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch9.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch9.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch9_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same3_7.png -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same3_7.png A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same3_7_1.png R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same7.png -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same7.png A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same7_1.png R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/shearAndBendingMoment7.png -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/shearAndBendingMoment7.png A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/shearAndBendingMoment7_1.png A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/README.txt A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch10_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch11_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch12_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch13_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch14_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch17_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch19_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch21_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch2_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch3_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch4_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch5_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch6_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch8_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch9_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/screenshots/EbbyNo_1.png A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/screenshots/comparision_of_models_1.png A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/screenshots/multiplexing_1.png A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/README.txt A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch10_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch11_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch12_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch1_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch2_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch3_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch4_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch5_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch6_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch7_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch8_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch9_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/energy_stored3_1.png A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/magnetic_flux12_1.png A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/pitch_factor7_1.png A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_10_Solid_Solutions_and_Phase_Equilibrium_2.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_10_Solid_Solutions_and_Phase_Equilibrium_3.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_11_Dispertion_Strengthening_and_Eutectic_Phase_Diagrams_2.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_11_Dispertion_Strengthening_and_Eutectic_Phase_Diagrams_3.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_12_Dispersion_Strengthening__by_Phase_Transmission_and_Heat_Treatment_2.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_12_Dispersion_Strengthening__by_Phase_Transmission_and_Heat_Treatment_3.ipynb A 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author: FOSSEE SysAds 2015-12-08 15:04:13 +0600
committer: FOSSEE SysAds 2015-12-08 15:04:13 +0600
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diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt
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+Contributed By: Waseem Ahmad Ansari
+Course: btech
+College/Institute/Organization: Roorkee Institute  Of Technology
+Department/Designation: ECE
+Book Title: Linear Integrated Circuits
+Author: J. B. Gupta
+Publisher: S. K. Kataria & Sons, Delhi
+Year of publication: 2011
+Isbn: 81-88458-89-9
+Edition: 4
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_1.ipynb
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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter- 1 : Differential And Cascode Amplifiers\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.1 - Page No 12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= V_CC \n",
+      "V_BE= 0.715 # in volt\n",
+      "R_c1= 2.7 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_c1= R_c1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_c2= R_c1 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E=3.9 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Bita_ac= 100 \n",
+      "Bita_dc= Bita_ac \n",
+      "I_E= (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "I_C= I_E # in amp\n",
+      "V_C= V_CC-I_C*R_c1 # in volt\n",
+      "V_E= 0-V_BE # in volt\n",
+      "V_CE= V_C-V_E # in volt\n",
+      "re_desh= 25*10**-3/I_E \n",
+      "A_d= R_c1/re_desh \n",
+      "print \"Operating current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n",
+      "print \"Operating voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_CE\n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.1f\" %A_d"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Operating current = 1.19 mA\n",
+        "Operating voltage = 7.5 V\n",
+        "Voltage gain = 128.6\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.2 - Page No 12\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7# in volt\n",
+      "I_C=0.5 # in mA\n",
+      "I_C=I_C*10**-3 # in amp\n",
+      "R_C= 10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 9.3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "I_E= (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "I_CQ= I_E # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Quiescent collector current = %0.1f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n",
+      "V_CEQ= V_CC+V_BE-I_C*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Quiescent collector emitter voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_CEQ"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Quiescent collector current = 0.5 mA\n",
+        "Quiescent collector emitter voltage = 5.7 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.3  - Page No 13\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 12 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 12 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_B= 20 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 75 \n",
+      "# Part (i)\n",
+      "#Ignoring V_BE\n",
+      "I_T= V_EE/R_E#in amp   \n",
+      "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n",
+      "I_C=I_E \n",
+      "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n",
+      "print \"Part : a\"\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = %0.f volt (Ignoring V_BE)\" %V_out\n",
+      "#Considering V_BE\n",
+      "I_T= (V_EE-V_BE)/R_E#in amp   \n",
+      "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n",
+      "I_C=I_E \n",
+      "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = %0.2f volt (Condidering V_BE)\" %V_out\n",
+      "I_T= (V_EE-V_BE)/(R_E+R_B/(2*Bita_dc)) # in amp\n",
+      "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n",
+      "I_C=I_E \n",
+      "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = %0.3f volt (With Bita_dc)\" %V_out\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(ii)\n",
+      "I_C= 0.6 # in mA\n",
+      "I_C=I_C*10**-3 \n",
+      "I_B= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : b\"\n",
+      "print \"Base current = %0.f micro amphere\" %(I_B*10**6)\n",
+      "V_B= -I_B*R_B # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Base Voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (iii)\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 60 \n",
+      "I_B1= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : c\"\n",
+      "print \"Base current for transistor Q1 = %0.f micro amphere\" %(I_B1*10**6)\n",
+      "V_B1= -I_B1*R_B # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Base Voltage for transistor Q1 = %0.1f V\" %V_B1\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 80 \n",
+      "I_B2= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Base current for transistor Q2 = %0.1f micro amphere\" %(I_B2*10**6)\n",
+      "V_B2= -I_B2*R_B # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Base Voltage for transistor Q2 = %0.2f V\" %V_B2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part : a\n",
+        "Output Voltage = 6 volt (Ignoring V_BE)\n",
+        "Output Voltage = 6.35 volt (Condidering V_BE)\n",
+        "Output Voltage = 6.424 volt (With Bita_dc)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : b\n",
+        "Base current = 8 micro amphere\n",
+        "Base Voltage = -0.16 V\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : c\n",
+        "Base current for transistor Q1 = 10 micro amphere\n",
+        "Base Voltage for transistor Q1 = -0.2 V\n",
+        "Base current for transistor Q2 = 7.5 micro amphere\n",
+        "Base Voltage for transistor Q2 = -0.15 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.4 - Page No 14\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 2.2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 4.7 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_1= 50 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 100 \n",
+      "Bita_ac = Bita_dc \n",
+      "# Part (a)\n",
+      "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+Ri_1/Bita_dc) # in amp\n",
+      "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Part : a\"\n",
+      "print \"Value of I_CQ = %0.4f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n",
+      "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Value of V_CEQ = %0.4f volt\" %V_CEQ\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(b)\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "# A_d= V_out/V_ind = R_C/re_desh\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : b\"\n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.2f \" %A_d\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(c)\n",
+      "# R_in1= R_in2= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh\n",
+      "R_in1= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : c\"\n",
+      "print \"Input resistance = %0.3f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(d)\n",
+      "# R_out1= R_out2= R_C\n",
+      "R_out1= R_C # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : d\"\n",
+      "print \"Output resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_out1*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part : a\n",
+        "Value of I_CQ = 0.9893 mA\n",
+        "Value of V_CEQ = 8.5235 volt\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : b\n",
+        "Voltage gain = 83.71 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : c\n",
+        "Input resistance = 5.256 k ohm\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : d\n",
+        "Output resistance = 2.2 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.5 - Page No 14\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 1 # in M ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**6 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_C # in ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Bita_ac= 100 \n",
+      "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.f \" %A_d\n",
+      "Z_in= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Input impedence = %0.4f M ohm\" %(Z_in*10**-6)\n",
+      "Z_out= R_C # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Output impedence = %0.f M ohm\" %(Z_out*10**-6)\n",
+      "A_cm= R_C/(2*R_E+re_desh) \n",
+      "CMRR= A_d/A_cm \n",
+      "print \"Common-mode rejection ratio = %0.f\" %CMRR\n",
+      "I_C=I_E \n",
+      "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Total output voltage at the quiescent value = %0.2f volt\" %V_out\n",
+      "# when v_in = 1\n",
+      "v_in= 1 # in mV\n",
+      "v_in= v_in*10**-3 # in volt\n",
+      "v_out= A_d*v_in \n",
+      "print \"The ac output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %v_out\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Note : Answer of CMRR in the book is wrong due to wrong calculation of A_cm"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage gain = 275 \n",
+        "Input impedence = 0.7273 M ohm\n",
+        "Output impedence = 1 M ohm\n",
+        "Common-mode rejection ratio = 551\n",
+        "Total output voltage at the quiescent value = 7.85 volt\n",
+        "The ac output voltage = 0.275 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.6 - Page No 17\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_EE= 5 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 4.3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt (Assuming)\n",
+      "V_T= 26*10**-3 # in volt\n",
+      "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "re_desh= V_T/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/(2*re_desh) \n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.2f \" %A_d"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage gain = 19.23 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.7 - Page No 17\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_EE= 5 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 4.3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt (Assuming)\n",
+      "V_T= 26*10**-3 # in volt\n",
+      "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "re_desh= V_T/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/(2*re_desh) \n",
+      "A_cm= R_C/(2*R_E+re_desh) \n",
+      "print \"Common mode gain= %0.4f\" %A_cm \n",
+      "CMRR= A_d/A_cm \n",
+      "print \"Common mode rejection ratio = %0.1f\" %CMRR"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Common mode gain= 0.2312\n",
+        "Common mode rejection ratio = 83.2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.8 - Page No 20\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 9 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 9 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt (Assuming value)\n",
+      "R_C= 47 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 43 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_1= 20 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n",
+      "v_in1= 2.5 # in mv\n",
+      "v_in1=v_in1*10**-3 # in volt\n",
+      "Bita_1= 75 \n",
+      "Bita_2= Bita_1 \n",
+      "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+Ri_1/Bita_1) # in amp\n",
+      "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n",
+      "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n",
+      "v_out= A_d*v_in1 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %v_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 0.436 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.9 - Page No 20\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "RC= 2.2;#in k\u03a9\n",
+      "RE= 4.7;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Ri1= 50*10**-3;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Ri2= 50*10**-3;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "VCC= 10;#in V\n",
+      "VEE= 10;# in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7;# in V\n",
+      "beta_dc= 100;\n",
+      "beta_ac= 100;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (i)\n",
+      "# Formula Used : ICQ= IE= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri/beta_dc)\n",
+      "ICQ= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri1/beta_dc);#quiescent collector current in mA\n",
+      "IE= ICQ;# in mA\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : Dual-input, unbalanced output\"\n",
+      "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.4f mA\" %ICQ\n",
+      "# Quiescent collector-emitter voltage,\n",
+      "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC;# in V\n",
+      "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.4f V\" %VCEQ\n",
+      "re_desh= 26/IE;# AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin1= 2*beta_ac*re_desh;# input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin1= Rin1*10**-3;#in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rin2= Rin1;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin1 = %0.3f k\u03a9 \" %Rin1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin2 = %0.3f k\u03a9 \" %Rin1\n",
+      "Rout= RC;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rout = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout \n",
+      "print \"The value of RC = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %RC\n",
+      "# Formula Used : Ad= Vout/Vind= RC/re_desh\n",
+      "Ad= RC*10**3/(re_desh*2);# voltage gain of dual input, unbalanced output\n",
+      "print \"The value of Ad = %0.3f \" %Ad\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii)\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart (ii) : Single-output, balanced output\"\n",
+      "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.4f mA\" %ICQ\n",
+      "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.4f V\" %VCEQ\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin = %0.3f k\u03a9\" %Rin1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rout1 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rout2 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout\n",
+      "# Formula Used : Ad= Vout/Vind= RC/re_desh\n",
+      "Ad= RC*10**3/(re_desh);# voltage gain of dual input, unbalanced output\n",
+      "print \"The value of Ad = %0.2f\" %Ad\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : Dual-input, unbalanced output\n",
+        "The value of ICQ = 0.9893 mA\n",
+        "The value of VCEQ = 8.5235 V\n",
+        "The value of Rin1 = 5.256 k\u03a9 \n",
+        "The value of Rin2 = 5.256 k\u03a9 \n",
+        "The value of Rout = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of RC = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Ad = 41.855 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part (ii) : Single-output, balanced output\n",
+        "The value of ICQ = 0.9893 mA\n",
+        "The value of VCEQ = 8.5235 V\n",
+        "The value of Rin = 5.256 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rout1 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rout2 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Ad = 83.71\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.10 - Page No 23\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VEE= 9;#in V\n",
+      "VCC= 9;#in V \n",
+      "RC= 47*10**3;# collector resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "RE= 43*10**3;# emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "vin1= 2.5*10**-3;# in V\n",
+      "Ri1= 20*10**3;# in \u03a9\n",
+      "Ri2= Ri1;# in \u03a9\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7;# in V\n",
+      "VT= 26*10**-3;# in V\n",
+      "beta1= 75;\n",
+      "beta2= 75;\n",
+      "IE= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri1/beta1);#emitter current in A\n",
+      "ICQ= IE;# quiescent current in A\n",
+      "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC;# quiescent collector voltage in V\n",
+      "re_desh= VT/IE;#AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Ad= RC/(2*re_desh);# voltage gain\n",
+      "vout= Ad*vin1;# output voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.3f V\" %vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage = 0.217 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.11  - Page No 25\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R_E_desh= 200 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 2.2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 4.7 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_1= 50 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 100 \n",
+      "Bita_ac = Bita_dc \n",
+      "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+ R_E_desh+Ri_1/Bita_dc) # in amp\n",
+      "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Value of I_CQ = %0.4f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n",
+      "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Value of V_CEQ = %0.3f volt\" %V_CEQ\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/(re_desh+R_E_desh) \n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain= %0.2f\" %A_d\n",
+      "R_in1= 2*Bita_ac*(re_desh+R_E_desh) # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Input resistance = %0.3f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)\n",
+      "R_out1= R_C # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Output resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_out1*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of I_CQ = 0.9687 mA\n",
+        "Value of V_CEQ = 8.569 volt\n",
+        "Voltage gain= 9.70\n",
+        "Input resistance = 45.368 k ohm\n",
+        "Output resistance = 2.2 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.12 - Page No 29\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VEE= 15 #in V\n",
+      "VD1= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "VD2= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "Beta= 100 \n",
+      "VT= 26 # in mV\n",
+      "R3= 180 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "RC= 470 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "VB3= -VEE+VD1+VD2 #in V\n",
+      "VE3= VB3-VBE #voltage at emitter terminal of transistor Q3 in V\n",
+      "IE3= (VE3-(-VEE))/R3 #emitter current through transistor Q3 in A\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Part  (i) \n",
+      "ICQ= IE3/2 #quiescent current in A\n",
+      "ICQ= round(ICQ*10**3) #in mA\n",
+      "IE= ICQ #emitter current in mA\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : Quiescent current = %0.f mA \" %ICQ\n",
+      "VCEQ= VEE+VBE-ICQ*10**-3*RC #quiescent collector-emitter voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"The quiescent collector-emitter voltage = %0.2f V\" %VCEQ\n",
+      "re_desh= VT/IE #AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii)\n",
+      "Ad= RC/re_desh # differential voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"Part (ii) : Differential voltage gain = %0.2f \" %Ad\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (iii)\n",
+      "Rin1= 2*Beta*re_desh # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin1= Rin1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"Part (iii) : The input resistance = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rin1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : Quiescent current = 2 mA \n",
+        "The quiescent collector-emitter voltage = 14.76 V\n",
+        "Part (ii) : Differential voltage gain = 36.15 \n",
+        "Part (iii) : The input resistance = 2.6 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.13 - Page No 30\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VEE= 10 #in V\n",
+      "VCC=10 # in V\n",
+      "VD1= 0.715 # in V\n",
+      "Vz= 6.2# in V\n",
+      "VBE= VD1 # in V\n",
+      "Izt= 41 # in mA\n",
+      "R3= 2.7 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "RC= 4.7 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "VT= 26 # in mV\n",
+      "beta_ac= 100 \n",
+      "beta_dc= 100 \n",
+      "VB3= -VEE+Vz+VD1 #voltage at the base of transistor Q3 in V\n",
+      "VE3= VB3-VBE # voltage at the emitter of transistor Q3 in V\n",
+      "IE3= (VE3-(-VEE))/R3 #emitter current through transistor Q3 in mA\n",
+      "ICQ= IE3/2 #quiescent current in mA\n",
+      "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC # in V\n",
+      "print \"Part (c) : The Q-point values : \" \n",
+      "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.3f mA\" %ICQ\n",
+      "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.2f V\" %VCEQ\n",
+      "re_desh= VT/ICQ #dynamic emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Ad= RC*10**3/re_desh # voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"Part (a) : The voltage gain = %0.1f\" %Ad\n",
+      "Rin= 2*beta_ac*re_desh # differential input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin=Rin*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"Part (b) : The differential input resistance = %0.2f k\u03a9\" %Rin"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (c) : The Q-point values : \n",
+        "The value of ICQ = 1.148 mA\n",
+        "The value of VCEQ = 5.32 V\n",
+        "Part (a) : The voltage gain = 207.5\n",
+        "Part (b) : The differential input resistance = 4.53 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.14 - Page No 34\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC=12 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R1= 25 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "# I=I_REF= (V_CC-V_BE)/R1\n",
+      "I= (V_CC-V_BE)/R1  # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Mirrored current = %0.3f mA\" %(I*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mirrored current = 0.452 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.15 - Page No 34\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VCC= 10 # in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "R1= 15 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Beta= 100 \n",
+      "I_REF= (VCC-VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The reference current = %0.2f mA\" %I_REF\n",
+      "Iout= I_REF*Beta/(Beta+2) # output current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The output current = %0.3f mA\" %Iout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The reference current = 0.62 mA\n",
+        "The output current = 0.608 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.16 - Page No 34\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VCC= 15 # in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "R1= 2.2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Beta= 220 \n",
+      "I_REF= (VCC-VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n",
+      "# Formula : I= IC= I_REF*(Beta/(Beta+2))\n",
+      "IC= I_REF*Beta/(Beta+2) # in mA\n",
+      "print \"The value of current = %0.2f mA\" %IC"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of current = 6.44 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.17 - Page No 35\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vz= 1.8 # in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "RE= 1 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Beta= 180 \n",
+      "VB= Vz-VBE # in V\n",
+      "IE= VB/RE #emitter current in mA\n",
+      "# Formula : I= IC= IE*(Beta/(Beta+1))\n",
+      "IC= IE*Beta/(Beta+1) # in mA\n",
+      "print \"The value of current = %0.3f mA\" %IC"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of current = 1.094 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.18 - Page No 35\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VCC= 9 # in V\n",
+      "R1= 12 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "Beta= 100 \n",
+      "I_REF= (VCC-2*VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The reference current = %0.4f mA\" %I_REF\n",
+      "Iout= I_REF/(1+2/(Beta*(1+Beta))) #output current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The output current = %0.4f mA\" %Iout\n",
+      "IC2= Iout #collector current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The collector current = %0.4f mA\" %IC2\n",
+      "# IB3= I_REF-IC1= I_REF-IC2  (since IC1= IC2)\n",
+      "IB3= I_REF-IC2 #base current of transistor Q3 in mA\n",
+      "IB3= IB3*10**3 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "print \"The base current of transistor Q3 = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %IB3\n",
+      "IB3= 0.1 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "IE3= (1+Beta)*IB3 # emitter current of transistor Q3 in \u00b5A\n",
+      "print \"The emitter current of transistor Q3 = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %IE3\n",
+      "IB1= IE3/2 #base current in \u00b5A\n",
+      "IB2= IB1 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "print \"The base current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %IB1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The reference current = 0.6333 mA\n",
+        "The output current = 0.6332 mA\n",
+        "The collector current = 0.6332 mA\n",
+        "The base current of transistor Q3 = 0.1 \u00b5A\n",
+        "The emitter current of transistor Q3 = 10.1 \u00b5A\n",
+        "The base current = 5.05 \u00b5A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.19 - Page No 36\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_BE=0.715 # in volt\n",
+      "V_CC=9 # in volt\n",
+      "Bita_dc=100 \n",
+      "Bita_ac= Bita_dc \n",
+      "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "R=5.6 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R= R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "I_REF= (V_EE-V_BE)/R # in amp\n",
+      "# From 2*I_B + I_C1 -I_REF =0\n",
+      "I_C1= I_REF*Bita_dc/(2+Bita_dc) # in amp\n",
+      "# By symmetry\n",
+      "I_C2= I_C1 \n",
+      "I_C3= I_C2 \n",
+      "I=3*I_C1 # current through R_C in amp\n",
+      "print \"Current through R_C = %0.2f mA\" %(I*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current through R_C = 4.88 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.20 - Page No 36\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V_CC=5 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE=-5 # in volt\n",
+      "Bita=100 \n",
+      "R=18.6 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R= R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "I2= (V_CC-V_BE-V_EE)/R # in amp\n",
+      "I_C3=I2 \n",
+      "I_E= I_C3/2 # in amp\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "re1_desh=re_desh \n",
+      "re2_desh=re1_desh \n",
+      "R_in1= 2*Bita*re_desh # in ohm\n",
+      "R_in2= R_in1\n",
+      "print \"Differential input resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Differential input resistance = 20.8 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.21 - Page No 44\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V_CC=18 # in volt\n",
+      "R_E=1.1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C=1.8 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C=R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=4.7 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R2=5.6 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R3=6.8 # in k ohm\n",
+      "I_E1= (V_CC*R1/(R1+R2+R3)-V_BE)/R_E # in mA\n",
+      "re_desh= 26/I_E1 # in ohm\n",
+      "re2_desh=re_desh\n",
+      "Av= -R_C/re2_desh \n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain of the cascode amplifier = %0.1f\" %Av\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      " "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage gain of the cascode amplifier = -267.3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..50e40e46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1109 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter- 1 : Differential And Cascode Amplifiers\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.1 - Page No 12"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= V_CC \n",
+      "V_BE= 0.715 # in volt\n",
+      "R_c1= 2.7 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_c1= R_c1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_c2= R_c1 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E=3.9 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Bita_ac= 100 \n",
+      "Bita_dc= Bita_ac \n",
+      "I_E= (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "I_C= I_E # in amp\n",
+      "V_C= V_CC-I_C*R_c1 # in volt\n",
+      "V_E= 0-V_BE # in volt\n",
+      "V_CE= V_C-V_E # in volt\n",
+      "re_desh= 25*10**-3/I_E \n",
+      "A_d= R_c1/re_desh \n",
+      "print \"Operating current = %0.2f mA\" %(I_C*10**3)\n",
+      "print \"Operating voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_CE\n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.1f\" %A_d"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Operating current = 1.19 mA\n",
+        "Operating voltage = 7.5 V\n",
+        "Voltage gain = 128.6\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.2 - Page No 12\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7# in volt\n",
+      "I_C=0.5 # in mA\n",
+      "I_C=I_C*10**-3 # in amp\n",
+      "R_C= 10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 9.3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "I_E= (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "I_CQ= I_E # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Quiescent collector current = %0.1f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n",
+      "V_CEQ= V_CC+V_BE-I_C*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Quiescent collector emitter voltage = %0.1f V\" %V_CEQ"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Quiescent collector current = 0.5 mA\n",
+        "Quiescent collector emitter voltage = 5.7 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.3  - Page No 13\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 12 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 12 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_B= 20 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_B= R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 75 \n",
+      "# Part (i)\n",
+      "#Ignoring V_BE\n",
+      "I_T= V_EE/R_E#in amp   \n",
+      "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n",
+      "I_C=I_E \n",
+      "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n",
+      "print \"Part : a\"\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = %0.f volt (Ignoring V_BE)\" %V_out\n",
+      "#Considering V_BE\n",
+      "I_T= (V_EE-V_BE)/R_E#in amp   \n",
+      "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n",
+      "I_C=I_E \n",
+      "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = %0.2f volt (Condidering V_BE)\" %V_out\n",
+      "I_T= (V_EE-V_BE)/(R_E+R_B/(2*Bita_dc)) # in amp\n",
+      "I_E= I_T/2 # in amp\n",
+      "I_C=I_E \n",
+      "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C# in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = %0.3f volt (With Bita_dc)\" %V_out\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(ii)\n",
+      "I_C= 0.6 # in mA\n",
+      "I_C=I_C*10**-3 \n",
+      "I_B= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : b\"\n",
+      "print \"Base current = %0.f micro amphere\" %(I_B*10**6)\n",
+      "V_B= -I_B*R_B # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Base Voltage = %0.2f V\" %V_B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (iii)\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 60 \n",
+      "I_B1= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : c\"\n",
+      "print \"Base current for transistor Q1 = %0.f micro amphere\" %(I_B1*10**6)\n",
+      "V_B1= -I_B1*R_B # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Base Voltage for transistor Q1 = %0.1f V\" %V_B1\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 80 \n",
+      "I_B2= I_C/Bita_dc # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Base current for transistor Q2 = %0.1f micro amphere\" %(I_B2*10**6)\n",
+      "V_B2= -I_B2*R_B # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Base Voltage for transistor Q2 = %0.2f V\" %V_B2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part : a\n",
+        "Output Voltage = 6 volt (Ignoring V_BE)\n",
+        "Output Voltage = 6.35 volt (Condidering V_BE)\n",
+        "Output Voltage = 6.424 volt (With Bita_dc)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : b\n",
+        "Base current = 8 micro amphere\n",
+        "Base Voltage = -0.16 V\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : c\n",
+        "Base current for transistor Q1 = 10 micro amphere\n",
+        "Base Voltage for transistor Q1 = -0.2 V\n",
+        "Base current for transistor Q2 = 7.5 micro amphere\n",
+        "Base Voltage for transistor Q2 = -0.15 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.4 - Page No 14\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 2.2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 4.7 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_1= 50 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 100 \n",
+      "Bita_ac = Bita_dc \n",
+      "# Part (a)\n",
+      "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+Ri_1/Bita_dc) # in amp\n",
+      "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Part : a\"\n",
+      "print \"Value of I_CQ = %0.4f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n",
+      "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Value of V_CEQ = %0.4f volt\" %V_CEQ\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(b)\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "# A_d= V_out/V_ind = R_C/re_desh\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : b\"\n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.2f \" %A_d\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(c)\n",
+      "# R_in1= R_in2= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh\n",
+      "R_in1= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : c\"\n",
+      "print \"Input resistance = %0.3f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(d)\n",
+      "# R_out1= R_out2= R_C\n",
+      "R_out1= R_C # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart : d\"\n",
+      "print \"Output resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_out1*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part : a\n",
+        "Value of I_CQ = 0.9893 mA\n",
+        "Value of V_CEQ = 8.5235 volt\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : b\n",
+        "Voltage gain = 83.71 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : c\n",
+        "Input resistance = 5.256 k ohm\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part : d\n",
+        "Output resistance = 2.2 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.5 - Page No 14\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 1 # in M ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**6 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_C # in ohm\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Bita_ac= 100 \n",
+      "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.f \" %A_d\n",
+      "Z_in= 2*Bita_ac*re_desh # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Input impedence = %0.4f M ohm\" %(Z_in*10**-6)\n",
+      "Z_out= R_C # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Output impedence = %0.f M ohm\" %(Z_out*10**-6)\n",
+      "A_cm= R_C/(2*R_E+re_desh) \n",
+      "CMRR= A_d/A_cm \n",
+      "print \"Common-mode rejection ratio = %0.f\" %CMRR\n",
+      "I_C=I_E \n",
+      "V_out= V_CC-I_C*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Total output voltage at the quiescent value = %0.2f volt\" %V_out\n",
+      "# when v_in = 1\n",
+      "v_in= 1 # in mV\n",
+      "v_in= v_in*10**-3 # in volt\n",
+      "v_out= A_d*v_in \n",
+      "print \"The ac output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %v_out\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Note : Answer of CMRR in the book is wrong due to wrong calculation of A_cm"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage gain = 275 \n",
+        "Input impedence = 0.7273 M ohm\n",
+        "Output impedence = 1 M ohm\n",
+        "Common-mode rejection ratio = 551\n",
+        "Total output voltage at the quiescent value = 7.85 volt\n",
+        "The ac output voltage = 0.275 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.6 - Page No 17\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_EE= 5 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 4.3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt (Assuming)\n",
+      "V_T= 26*10**-3 # in volt\n",
+      "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "re_desh= V_T/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/(2*re_desh) \n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.2f \" %A_d"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage gain = 19.23 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.7 - Page No 17\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_EE= 5 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 4.3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt (Assuming)\n",
+      "V_T= 26*10**-3 # in volt\n",
+      "I_E = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E) # in amp\n",
+      "re_desh= V_T/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/(2*re_desh) \n",
+      "A_cm= R_C/(2*R_E+re_desh) \n",
+      "print \"Common mode gain= %0.4f\" %A_cm \n",
+      "CMRR= A_d/A_cm \n",
+      "print \"Common mode rejection ratio = %0.1f\" %CMRR"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Common mode gain= 0.2312\n",
+        "Common mode rejection ratio = 83.2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.8 - Page No 20\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC= 9 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 9 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt (Assuming value)\n",
+      "R_C= 47 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 43 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_1= 20 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n",
+      "v_in1= 2.5 # in mv\n",
+      "v_in1=v_in1*10**-3 # in volt\n",
+      "Bita_1= 75 \n",
+      "Bita_2= Bita_1 \n",
+      "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+Ri_1/Bita_1) # in amp\n",
+      "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n",
+      "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/re_desh \n",
+      "v_out= A_d*v_in1 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %v_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 0.436 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.9 - Page No 20\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "RC= 2.2;#in k\u03a9\n",
+      "RE= 4.7;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Ri1= 50*10**-3;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Ri2= 50*10**-3;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "VCC= 10;#in V\n",
+      "VEE= 10;# in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7;# in V\n",
+      "beta_dc= 100;\n",
+      "beta_ac= 100;\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (i)\n",
+      "# Formula Used : ICQ= IE= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri/beta_dc)\n",
+      "ICQ= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri1/beta_dc);#quiescent collector current in mA\n",
+      "IE= ICQ;# in mA\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : Dual-input, unbalanced output\"\n",
+      "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.4f mA\" %ICQ\n",
+      "# Quiescent collector-emitter voltage,\n",
+      "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC;# in V\n",
+      "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.4f V\" %VCEQ\n",
+      "re_desh= 26/IE;# AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin1= 2*beta_ac*re_desh;# input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin1= Rin1*10**-3;#in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rin2= Rin1;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin1 = %0.3f k\u03a9 \" %Rin1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin2 = %0.3f k\u03a9 \" %Rin1\n",
+      "Rout= RC;# in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rout = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout \n",
+      "print \"The value of RC = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %RC\n",
+      "# Formula Used : Ad= Vout/Vind= RC/re_desh\n",
+      "Ad= RC*10**3/(re_desh*2);# voltage gain of dual input, unbalanced output\n",
+      "print \"The value of Ad = %0.3f \" %Ad\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii)\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart (ii) : Single-output, balanced output\"\n",
+      "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.4f mA\" %ICQ\n",
+      "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.4f V\" %VCEQ\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin = %0.3f k\u03a9\" %Rin1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rout1 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rout2 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rout\n",
+      "# Formula Used : Ad= Vout/Vind= RC/re_desh\n",
+      "Ad= RC*10**3/(re_desh);# voltage gain of dual input, unbalanced output\n",
+      "print \"The value of Ad = %0.2f\" %Ad\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : Dual-input, unbalanced output\n",
+        "The value of ICQ = 0.9893 mA\n",
+        "The value of VCEQ = 8.5235 V\n",
+        "The value of Rin1 = 5.256 k\u03a9 \n",
+        "The value of Rin2 = 5.256 k\u03a9 \n",
+        "The value of Rout = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of RC = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Ad = 41.855 \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part (ii) : Single-output, balanced output\n",
+        "The value of ICQ = 0.9893 mA\n",
+        "The value of VCEQ = 8.5235 V\n",
+        "The value of Rin = 5.256 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rout1 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rout2 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Ad = 83.71\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.10 - Page No 23\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VEE= 9;#in V\n",
+      "VCC= 9;#in V \n",
+      "RC= 47*10**3;# collector resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "RE= 43*10**3;# emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "vin1= 2.5*10**-3;# in V\n",
+      "Ri1= 20*10**3;# in \u03a9\n",
+      "Ri2= Ri1;# in \u03a9\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7;# in V\n",
+      "VT= 26*10**-3;# in V\n",
+      "beta1= 75;\n",
+      "beta2= 75;\n",
+      "IE= (VEE-VBE)/(2*RE+Ri1/beta1);#emitter current in A\n",
+      "ICQ= IE;# quiescent current in A\n",
+      "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC;# quiescent collector voltage in V\n",
+      "re_desh= VT/IE;#AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Ad= RC/(2*re_desh);# voltage gain\n",
+      "vout= Ad*vin1;# output voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.3f V\" %vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage = 0.217 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.11  - Page No 25\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R_E_desh= 200 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R_C= 2.2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C= R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_E= 4.7 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_E= R_E*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_1= 50 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ri_2= Ri_1 # in ohm\n",
+      "Bita_dc= 100 \n",
+      "Bita_ac = Bita_dc \n",
+      "I_CQ = (V_EE-V_BE)/(2*R_E+ R_E_desh+Ri_1/Bita_dc) # in amp\n",
+      "I_E= I_CQ # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Value of I_CQ = %0.4f mA\" %(I_CQ*10**3)\n",
+      "V_CEQ= V_CC + V_BE - I_CQ*R_C # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Value of V_CEQ = %0.3f volt\" %V_CEQ\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "A_d = R_C/(re_desh+R_E_desh) \n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain= %0.2f\" %A_d\n",
+      "R_in1= 2*Bita_ac*(re_desh+R_E_desh) # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Input resistance = %0.3f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)\n",
+      "R_out1= R_C # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Output resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_out1*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of I_CQ = 0.9687 mA\n",
+        "Value of V_CEQ = 8.569 volt\n",
+        "Voltage gain= 9.70\n",
+        "Input resistance = 45.368 k ohm\n",
+        "Output resistance = 2.2 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.12 - Page No 29\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VEE= 15 #in V\n",
+      "VD1= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "VD2= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "Beta= 100 \n",
+      "VT= 26 # in mV\n",
+      "R3= 180 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "RC= 470 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "VB3= -VEE+VD1+VD2 #in V\n",
+      "VE3= VB3-VBE #voltage at emitter terminal of transistor Q3 in V\n",
+      "IE3= (VE3-(-VEE))/R3 #emitter current through transistor Q3 in A\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Part  (i) \n",
+      "ICQ= IE3/2 #quiescent current in A\n",
+      "ICQ= round(ICQ*10**3) #in mA\n",
+      "IE= ICQ #emitter current in mA\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : Quiescent current = %0.f mA \" %ICQ\n",
+      "VCEQ= VEE+VBE-ICQ*10**-3*RC #quiescent collector-emitter voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"The quiescent collector-emitter voltage = %0.2f V\" %VCEQ\n",
+      "re_desh= VT/IE #AC emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii)\n",
+      "Ad= RC/re_desh # differential voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"Part (ii) : Differential voltage gain = %0.2f \" %Ad\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (iii)\n",
+      "Rin1= 2*Beta*re_desh # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin1= Rin1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"Part (iii) : The input resistance = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %Rin1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : Quiescent current = 2 mA \n",
+        "The quiescent collector-emitter voltage = 14.76 V\n",
+        "Part (ii) : Differential voltage gain = 36.15 \n",
+        "Part (iii) : The input resistance = 2.6 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.13 - Page No 30\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VEE= 10 #in V\n",
+      "VCC=10 # in V\n",
+      "VD1= 0.715 # in V\n",
+      "Vz= 6.2# in V\n",
+      "VBE= VD1 # in V\n",
+      "Izt= 41 # in mA\n",
+      "R3= 2.7 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "RC= 4.7 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "VT= 26 # in mV\n",
+      "beta_ac= 100 \n",
+      "beta_dc= 100 \n",
+      "VB3= -VEE+Vz+VD1 #voltage at the base of transistor Q3 in V\n",
+      "VE3= VB3-VBE # voltage at the emitter of transistor Q3 in V\n",
+      "IE3= (VE3-(-VEE))/R3 #emitter current through transistor Q3 in mA\n",
+      "ICQ= IE3/2 #quiescent current in mA\n",
+      "VCEQ= VCC+VBE-ICQ*RC # in V\n",
+      "print \"Part (c) : The Q-point values : \" \n",
+      "print \"The value of ICQ = %0.3f mA\" %ICQ\n",
+      "print \"The value of VCEQ = %0.2f V\" %VCEQ\n",
+      "re_desh= VT/ICQ #dynamic emitter resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Ad= RC*10**3/re_desh # voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"Part (a) : The voltage gain = %0.1f\" %Ad\n",
+      "Rin= 2*beta_ac*re_desh # differential input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin=Rin*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"Part (b) : The differential input resistance = %0.2f k\u03a9\" %Rin"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (c) : The Q-point values : \n",
+        "The value of ICQ = 1.148 mA\n",
+        "The value of VCEQ = 5.32 V\n",
+        "Part (a) : The voltage gain = 207.5\n",
+        "Part (b) : The differential input resistance = 4.53 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.14 - Page No 34\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_CC=12 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "R1= 25 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "# I=I_REF= (V_CC-V_BE)/R1\n",
+      "I= (V_CC-V_BE)/R1  # in amp\n",
+      "print \"Mirrored current = %0.3f mA\" %(I*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Mirrored current = 0.452 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.15 - Page No 34\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VCC= 10 # in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "R1= 15 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Beta= 100 \n",
+      "I_REF= (VCC-VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The reference current = %0.2f mA\" %I_REF\n",
+      "Iout= I_REF*Beta/(Beta+2) # output current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The output current = %0.3f mA\" %Iout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The reference current = 0.62 mA\n",
+        "The output current = 0.608 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.16 - Page No 34\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VCC= 15 # in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "R1= 2.2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Beta= 220 \n",
+      "I_REF= (VCC-VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n",
+      "# Formula : I= IC= I_REF*(Beta/(Beta+2))\n",
+      "IC= I_REF*Beta/(Beta+2) # in mA\n",
+      "print \"The value of current = %0.2f mA\" %IC"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of current = 6.44 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.17 - Page No 35\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vz= 1.8 # in V\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "RE= 1 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Beta= 180 \n",
+      "VB= Vz-VBE # in V\n",
+      "IE= VB/RE #emitter current in mA\n",
+      "# Formula : I= IC= IE*(Beta/(Beta+1))\n",
+      "IC= IE*Beta/(Beta+1) # in mA\n",
+      "print \"The value of current = %0.3f mA\" %IC"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of current = 1.094 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.18 - Page No 35\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "VCC= 9 # in V\n",
+      "R1= 12 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "VBE= 0.7 # in V\n",
+      "Beta= 100 \n",
+      "I_REF= (VCC-2*VBE)/R1 #reference current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The reference current = %0.4f mA\" %I_REF\n",
+      "Iout= I_REF/(1+2/(Beta*(1+Beta))) #output current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The output current = %0.4f mA\" %Iout\n",
+      "IC2= Iout #collector current in mA\n",
+      "print \"The collector current = %0.4f mA\" %IC2\n",
+      "# IB3= I_REF-IC1= I_REF-IC2  (since IC1= IC2)\n",
+      "IB3= I_REF-IC2 #base current of transistor Q3 in mA\n",
+      "IB3= IB3*10**3 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "print \"The base current of transistor Q3 = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %IB3\n",
+      "IB3= 0.1 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "IE3= (1+Beta)*IB3 # emitter current of transistor Q3 in \u00b5A\n",
+      "print \"The emitter current of transistor Q3 = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %IE3\n",
+      "IB1= IE3/2 #base current in \u00b5A\n",
+      "IB2= IB1 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "print \"The base current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %IB1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The reference current = 0.6333 mA\n",
+        "The output current = 0.6332 mA\n",
+        "The collector current = 0.6332 mA\n",
+        "The base current of transistor Q3 = 0.1 \u00b5A\n",
+        "The emitter current of transistor Q3 = 10.1 \u00b5A\n",
+        "The base current = 5.05 \u00b5A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.19 - Page No 36\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_BE=0.715 # in volt\n",
+      "V_CC=9 # in volt\n",
+      "Bita_dc=100 \n",
+      "Bita_ac= Bita_dc \n",
+      "V_EE= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "R=5.6 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R= R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "I_REF= (V_EE-V_BE)/R # in amp\n",
+      "# From 2*I_B + I_C1 -I_REF =0\n",
+      "I_C1= I_REF*Bita_dc/(2+Bita_dc) # in amp\n",
+      "# By symmetry\n",
+      "I_C2= I_C1 \n",
+      "I_C3= I_C2 \n",
+      "I=3*I_C1 # current through R_C in amp\n",
+      "print \"Current through R_C = %0.2f mA\" %(I*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current through R_C = 4.88 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.20 - Page No 36\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V_CC=5 # in volt\n",
+      "V_EE=-5 # in volt\n",
+      "Bita=100 \n",
+      "R=18.6 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R= R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "I2= (V_CC-V_BE-V_EE)/R # in amp\n",
+      "I_C3=I2 \n",
+      "I_E= I_C3/2 # in amp\n",
+      "re_desh= (26*10**-3)/I_E # in ohm\n",
+      "re1_desh=re_desh \n",
+      "re2_desh=re1_desh \n",
+      "R_in1= 2*Bita*re_desh # in ohm\n",
+      "R_in2= R_in1\n",
+      "print \"Differential input resistance = %0.1f k ohm\" %(R_in1*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Differential input resistance = 20.8 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 1.21 - Page No 44\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_BE=0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V_CC=18 # in volt\n",
+      "R_E=1.1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C=1.8 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_C=R_C*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=4.7 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R2=5.6 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R3=6.8 # in k ohm\n",
+      "I_E1= (V_CC*R1/(R1+R2+R3)-V_BE)/R_E # in mA\n",
+      "re_desh= 26/I_E1 # in ohm\n",
+      "re2_desh=re_desh\n",
+      "Av= -R_C/re2_desh \n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain of the cascode amplifier = %0.1f\" %Av\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      " "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage gain of the cascode amplifier = -267.3\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..fe244fef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter- 2 : Introduction To Operational Amplifiers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.2 - Page No 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin1= 5 # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vin1= Vin1*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "Vin2= -7 #in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vin2= Vin2*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "Av= 2*10**5 # unit less\n",
+      "Rin= 2 # in M\u03a9\n",
+      "Vout= (Vin1-Vin2)*Av # in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.1f volts\" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage = 2.4 volts\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.4 - Page No 71"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rs= 2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "RL= 5 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "A= 10**5 # unit less\n",
+      "Rin= 100 #in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 50 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vout= 10 # in V\n",
+      "# For Vout = 10 V, V1= V2 = Vout\n",
+      "V1= Vout # in V\n",
+      "V2= V1 # in V\n",
+      "# From equation V1= Vs*Rin/(Rin+Rs)\n",
+      "Vs= V1*(Rin+Rs)/Rin # in V\n",
+      "Vout_by_Vs= Vout/Vs # value of Vout/Vs\n",
+      "print \"The value of Vs =%0.1f volts\" %Vs\n",
+      "print \"The value of Vout/Vs = %0.2f\" %Vout_by_Vs\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance of the circuit = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rin"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Vs =10.2 volts\n",
+        "The value of Vout/Vs = 0.98\n",
+        "The input resistance of the circuit = 100 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.6 - Page No 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Ad= 100 # differential mode gain\n",
+      "Acm= 0.01 # common mode gain\n",
+      "CMRR= Ad/Acm \n",
+      "CMRR_desh= 20*math.log(CMRR,10) # CMRR in dB\n",
+      "print \"CMRR = %0.f dB\" %CMRR_desh"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "CMRR = 80 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.7 - Page No 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Ad= 10**5 # differential mode gain\n",
+      "CMRR= 10**5 \n",
+      "# Common-mode gain,\n",
+      "Acm= Ad/CMRR \n",
+      "print \"The common-mode gain = %0.f\" %Acm"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The common-mode gain = 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.8 - Page No 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V1= 10 # in mV\n",
+      "V2= 9 # in mV\n",
+      "Ad= 60 # differential voltage gain in dB\n",
+      "Ad= 10**(Ad/20) \n",
+      "CMRR= 80 # in dB\n",
+      "CMRR= 10**(CMRR/20) \n",
+      "Vd= V1-V2 # difference signal in mV\n",
+      "Vcm= (V1+V2)/2 # common-mode signal in mV\n",
+      "# Output voltage,\n",
+      "Vout= Ad*Vd*(1+1/CMRR*Vcm/Vd) # in mV\n",
+      "AdVd= Ad*Vd # in mV\n",
+      "# Error voltage\n",
+      "Verror= Vout-AdVd # in mV\n",
+      "Per_error= Verror/Vout*100 # percentage error\n",
+      "print \"The error voltage = %0.2f mV\" %Verror\n",
+      "print \"The percentage error in the output voltage = %0.3f \" %Per_error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The error voltage = 0.95 mV\n",
+        "The percentage error in the output voltage = 0.095 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.9 - Page No 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V1= 745 # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "V2= 740 # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Ad= 5*10**5 # differential voltage gain\n",
+      "CMRR= 80 # in dB\n",
+      "CMRR= 10**(CMRR/20) \n",
+      "Vd= V1-V2 # difference signal in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vcm= (V1+V2)/2 # common-mode signal in \u00b5V\n",
+      "# Output voltage,\n",
+      "Vout= Ad*Vd*(1+1/CMRR*Vcm/Vd) # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "AdVd= Ad*Vd # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "# Error voltage\n",
+      "Verror= Vout-AdVd # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vout= Vout*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "Verror= Verror*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "Per_error= Verror/Vout*100 # percentage error\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.6f V\" %Vout\n",
+      "print \"The percentage error in the output voltage= %0.4f\" %Per_error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage = 2.537125 V\n",
+        "The percentage error in the output voltage= 1.4633\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.10 - Page No 76"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vd= 25 #differential input voltage in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vd= Vd*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "A= 200000 # open loop gain\n",
+      "# Output voltage,\n",
+      "Vout= A*Vd # in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = \u00b1 %0.f \" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage = \u00b1 5 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.11 - Page 83"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "dVout= 20 # change in output voltage in V\n",
+      "dt= 4 # change in time in \u00b5s\n",
+      "SR= dVout/dt # slew rate in V/\u00b5s\n",
+      "print \"The slew rate = %0.f V/\u00b5s\" %SR"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The slew rate = 5 V/\u00b5s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.12 - Page No 83"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "IB1= 10 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "IB2= 7.5 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "# Input bias current,\n",
+      "I_in_bias= (IB1+IB2)/2 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "# Input offset current,\n",
+      "I_in_offset= IB1-IB2 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "print \"The input bias current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %I_in_bias\n",
+      "print \"The input offset current = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %I_in_offset"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The input bias current = 8.75 \u00b5A\n",
+        "The input offset current = 2.5 \u00b5A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.13 - Page No 83"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "SR= 6 # slew rate in V/\u00b5s\n",
+      "SR= 6*10**6 # in V/s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (i) For Vmax= 1V\n",
+      "Vmax= 1 # in V\n",
+      "fmax= SR/(2*pi*Vmax) # limiting frequency in Hz\n",
+      "fmax= fmax*10**-6 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 1V = %0.3f MHz\" %fmax\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii) For Vmax= 10V\n",
+      "Vmax= 10 # in V\n",
+      "fmax= SR/(2*pi*Vmax) # limiting frequency in Hz\n",
+      "fmax= fmax*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "print \"Part (ii) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 10V = %0.1f kHz\"%fmax"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 1V = 0.955 MHz\n",
+        "Part (ii) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 10V = 95.5 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.14 - Page No 84"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vpp= 3 # output voltage in V\n",
+      "del_t= 4 # in \u00b5s\n",
+      "del_V= 90*Vpp/100-10*Vpp/100 # in V\n",
+      "# Required slew rate,\n",
+      "SR= del_V/del_t # in V/\u00b5s\n",
+      "print \"The required slew rate = %0.1f V/\u00b5s\" %SR"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required slew rate = 0.6 V/\u00b5s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..fe244fef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter- 2 : Introduction To Operational Amplifiers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.2 - Page No 70"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin1= 5 # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vin1= Vin1*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "Vin2= -7 #in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vin2= Vin2*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "Av= 2*10**5 # unit less\n",
+      "Rin= 2 # in M\u03a9\n",
+      "Vout= (Vin1-Vin2)*Av # in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.1f volts\" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage = 2.4 volts\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.4 - Page No 71"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rs= 2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "RL= 5 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "A= 10**5 # unit less\n",
+      "Rin= 100 #in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 50 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vout= 10 # in V\n",
+      "# For Vout = 10 V, V1= V2 = Vout\n",
+      "V1= Vout # in V\n",
+      "V2= V1 # in V\n",
+      "# From equation V1= Vs*Rin/(Rin+Rs)\n",
+      "Vs= V1*(Rin+Rs)/Rin # in V\n",
+      "Vout_by_Vs= Vout/Vs # value of Vout/Vs\n",
+      "print \"The value of Vs =%0.1f volts\" %Vs\n",
+      "print \"The value of Vout/Vs = %0.2f\" %Vout_by_Vs\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance of the circuit = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rin"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Vs =10.2 volts\n",
+        "The value of Vout/Vs = 0.98\n",
+        "The input resistance of the circuit = 100 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.6 - Page No 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Ad= 100 # differential mode gain\n",
+      "Acm= 0.01 # common mode gain\n",
+      "CMRR= Ad/Acm \n",
+      "CMRR_desh= 20*math.log(CMRR,10) # CMRR in dB\n",
+      "print \"CMRR = %0.f dB\" %CMRR_desh"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "CMRR = 80 dB\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.7 - Page No 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Ad= 10**5 # differential mode gain\n",
+      "CMRR= 10**5 \n",
+      "# Common-mode gain,\n",
+      "Acm= Ad/CMRR \n",
+      "print \"The common-mode gain = %0.f\" %Acm"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The common-mode gain = 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.8 - Page No 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V1= 10 # in mV\n",
+      "V2= 9 # in mV\n",
+      "Ad= 60 # differential voltage gain in dB\n",
+      "Ad= 10**(Ad/20) \n",
+      "CMRR= 80 # in dB\n",
+      "CMRR= 10**(CMRR/20) \n",
+      "Vd= V1-V2 # difference signal in mV\n",
+      "Vcm= (V1+V2)/2 # common-mode signal in mV\n",
+      "# Output voltage,\n",
+      "Vout= Ad*Vd*(1+1/CMRR*Vcm/Vd) # in mV\n",
+      "AdVd= Ad*Vd # in mV\n",
+      "# Error voltage\n",
+      "Verror= Vout-AdVd # in mV\n",
+      "Per_error= Verror/Vout*100 # percentage error\n",
+      "print \"The error voltage = %0.2f mV\" %Verror\n",
+      "print \"The percentage error in the output voltage = %0.3f \" %Per_error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The error voltage = 0.95 mV\n",
+        "The percentage error in the output voltage = 0.095 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.9 - Page No 74"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V1= 745 # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "V2= 740 # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Ad= 5*10**5 # differential voltage gain\n",
+      "CMRR= 80 # in dB\n",
+      "CMRR= 10**(CMRR/20) \n",
+      "Vd= V1-V2 # difference signal in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vcm= (V1+V2)/2 # common-mode signal in \u00b5V\n",
+      "# Output voltage,\n",
+      "Vout= Ad*Vd*(1+1/CMRR*Vcm/Vd) # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "AdVd= Ad*Vd # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "# Error voltage\n",
+      "Verror= Vout-AdVd # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vout= Vout*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "Verror= Verror*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "Per_error= Verror/Vout*100 # percentage error\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.6f V\" %Vout\n",
+      "print \"The percentage error in the output voltage= %0.4f\" %Per_error"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage = 2.537125 V\n",
+        "The percentage error in the output voltage= 1.4633\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.10 - Page No 76"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vd= 25 #differential input voltage in \u00b5V\n",
+      "Vd= Vd*10**-6 # in V\n",
+      "A= 200000 # open loop gain\n",
+      "# Output voltage,\n",
+      "Vout= A*Vd # in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = \u00b1 %0.f \" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage = \u00b1 5 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.11 - Page 83"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "dVout= 20 # change in output voltage in V\n",
+      "dt= 4 # change in time in \u00b5s\n",
+      "SR= dVout/dt # slew rate in V/\u00b5s\n",
+      "print \"The slew rate = %0.f V/\u00b5s\" %SR"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The slew rate = 5 V/\u00b5s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.12 - Page No 83"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "IB1= 10 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "IB2= 7.5 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "# Input bias current,\n",
+      "I_in_bias= (IB1+IB2)/2 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "# Input offset current,\n",
+      "I_in_offset= IB1-IB2 # in \u00b5A\n",
+      "print \"The input bias current = %0.2f \u00b5A\" %I_in_bias\n",
+      "print \"The input offset current = %0.1f \u00b5A\" %I_in_offset"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The input bias current = 8.75 \u00b5A\n",
+        "The input offset current = 2.5 \u00b5A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.13 - Page No 83"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "SR= 6 # slew rate in V/\u00b5s\n",
+      "SR= 6*10**6 # in V/s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (i) For Vmax= 1V\n",
+      "Vmax= 1 # in V\n",
+      "fmax= SR/(2*pi*Vmax) # limiting frequency in Hz\n",
+      "fmax= fmax*10**-6 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 1V = %0.3f MHz\" %fmax\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii) For Vmax= 10V\n",
+      "Vmax= 10 # in V\n",
+      "fmax= SR/(2*pi*Vmax) # limiting frequency in Hz\n",
+      "fmax= fmax*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "print \"Part (ii) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 10V = %0.1f kHz\"%fmax"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 1V = 0.955 MHz\n",
+        "Part (ii) : The limiting frequency for maximum voltage of 10V = 95.5 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 2.14 - Page No 84"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vpp= 3 # output voltage in V\n",
+      "del_t= 4 # in \u00b5s\n",
+      "del_V= 90*Vpp/100-10*Vpp/100 # in V\n",
+      "# Required slew rate,\n",
+      "SR= del_V/del_t # in V/\u00b5s\n",
+      "print \"The required slew rate = %0.1f V/\u00b5s\" %SR"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required slew rate = 0.6 V/\u00b5s\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..06ace2b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,786 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-3 : Negative Feedback In Op-Amps"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.1 - Page No 104"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Af= 10 # voltage gain\n",
+      "R1= 3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= (Af-1)*R1 # From Af= 1+Rf/R1\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %d \u03a9\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %d \u03a9\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 = 3 \u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rf = 27 \u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.2 - Page No 104"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rf_min= 0 \n",
+      "Rf_max= 100 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "# Formula Used : Af= 1+Rf/R1\n",
+      "Af_max= 1+Rf_max/R1 # maximum closed loop voltage gain\n",
+      "Af_min= 1+Rf_min/R1 # minimum closed loop voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"The maximum closed loop voltage gain = %d\" %Af_max\n",
+      "print \"The minimum closed loop voltage gain = %d\" %Af_min"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum closed loop voltage gain = 51\n",
+        "The minimum closed loop voltage gain = 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.3 - Page No 105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 100 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 100*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n",
+      "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n",
+      "Af= 1+Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin_f= Rin*(1+AB) # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "Rin_f= Rin_f*10**-6 # in M\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain is = %d\" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.1f M\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.4f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.f Hz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain is = 1001\n",
+        "The input resistance = 401.6 M\u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.3735 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 1004 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.4 - Page No 105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#given data\n",
+      "R1=1 # in  k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_f=10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_f=R_f*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "A=200000 \n",
+      "OutputVoltageSwing= 13 # in volt\n",
+      "SupplyVoltage=15 # in volt\n",
+      "Ri= 2 # in M ohm\n",
+      "Ri=Ri*10**6 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ro= 75 # in ohm\n",
+      "fo= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+R_f) \n",
+      "AB = A*B \n",
+      "R_outf= Ro/(1+A*B) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_outf= R_outf*10**3 # in m ohm\n",
+      "print \"Output Resistance = %0.3f m ohm\" %R_outf\n",
+      "V_ooT= OutputVoltageSwing/(1+A*B) # in volt\n",
+      "V_ooT= V_ooT*10**3 # in mV\n",
+      "print \"Output offset voltage = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %V_ooT\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output Resistance = 4.125 m ohm\n",
+        "Output offset voltage = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.5 - Page No 105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n",
+      "B=1 # for voltage follower\n",
+      "Rf= 0 \n",
+      "Af= 1 # voltage gain (since Rf=0)\n",
+      "Rin_f= A*Rin # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin_f= Rin_f*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/A #output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*A # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f= f_f*10**-6 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain = %d\" %Af \n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.f G\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.6f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.f MHz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain = 1\n",
+        "The input resistance = 400 G\u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.000375 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 1 MHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6 - Page No 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "R1= 330 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 3.3*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n",
+      "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n",
+      "Af= -Rf/R1 # colsed-loop voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f=Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # closed-loop bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f= f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af  \n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The closed-loop voltage gain = -10\n",
+        "The input resistance = 330 \u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.7 - Page No 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n",
+      "B= 1/2 # feedback fraction (since R1=Rf)\n",
+      "Af= -1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "R1= 330 #in \u03a9 (assume)\n",
+      "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/(A/2) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= A/2*f0 # in Hz\n",
+      "f_f= f_f*10**-6 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.1f MHz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The closed-loop voltage gain = -1\n",
+        "The input resistance = 330 \u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.00075 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 0.5 MHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.8 - Page No 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "A= 200000 #unit less\n",
+      "VCC= 15 # in V\n",
+      "VEE= -15 # in V\n",
+      "Vout_swing= 13 # in V\n",
+      "# Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier\n",
+      "R1= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 10*10**3 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n",
+      "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n",
+      "Af= 1+Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin_f= Rin*(1+AB) # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin_f=Rin_f*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f=f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "VooT= Vout_swing/(1+AB) #in V\n",
+      "VooT= VooT*10**3 # in mV\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier :- \" \n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f \" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.4f G\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f\n",
+      "print \"The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %VooT\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii) : Inverting Amplifier\n",
+      "R1= 470 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 4.7*10**3 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n",
+      "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n",
+      "Af= -Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f=f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "VooT= Vout_swing/(1+AB) #in V\n",
+      "VooT= VooT*10**3 # in mV\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart (ii) : Inverting Amplifier :- \" \n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f \" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f\n",
+      "print \"The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %VooT"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier :- \n",
+        "The closed-loop voltage gain = 11 \n",
+        "The input resistance = 36.3656 G\u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n",
+        "The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part (ii) : Inverting Amplifier :- \n",
+        "The closed-loop voltage gain = -10 \n",
+        "The input resistance = 470 \u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n",
+        "The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.9 - Page No 110"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rf= 500*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R1= 5*10**3 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vin= 0.1 # input voltage in V\n",
+      "Af= -Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin= R1 # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin= Rin*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 0 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vout= Af*Vin # output voltage in V\n",
+      "I_in= Vin/R1 # input current in A\n",
+      "I_in= I_in*10**3 # in mA\n",
+      "print \"The amplifier circuit voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The amplifier circuit input resistance = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rin\n",
+      "print \"The amplifier circuit output resistance %0.f \u03a9\" %Rout\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %Vout\n",
+      "print \"The input current = %0.2f mA\" %I_in"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The amplifier circuit voltage gain = -100\n",
+        "The amplifier circuit input resistance = 5 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The amplifier circuit output resistance 0 \u03a9\n",
+        "The output voltage = -10 V\n",
+        "The input current = 0.02 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.10 - Page No 110"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rf= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vout_by_Vin= -Rf/Rin # (since Vout= -Rf/Rin*Vin)\n",
+      "Av= Vout_by_Vin # voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain = %0.f\" %Av\n",
+      "# I_in= Iout (As it is a unity gain inverter)\n",
+      "Ain= 1 #input impedance (since I_in= Iout)\n",
+      "print \"The input impedance = %0.f\" %Ain\n",
+      "Ap= abs(Av*Ain) # power gain\n",
+      "print \"The power gain = %0.f\" %Ap"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain = -1\n",
+        "The input impedance = 1\n",
+        "The power gain = 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.11 - Page No 111"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Av= -30 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rf= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "#Since, Av= Vo/Vi=-Rf/R1, so\n",
+      "R1= -Rf/Av # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R1= R1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= Rf*10**-6 # in M\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f M\u03a9\" %Rf\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.f k\u03a9\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Rf = 1 M\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of R1 = 33 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.12 - Page No 111"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Av= -8 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Vi= 1 # input voltage in V\n",
+      "I1= 15 #maximum current in \u00b5A\n",
+      "I1= I1*10**-6 # in A\n",
+      "R1= Vi/I1 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R1= R1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.2f k\u03a9 (Standard value 68 k\u03a9)\" %R1\n",
+      "R1= 68 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= -Av*R1 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 = 66.67 k\u03a9 (Standard value 68 k\u03a9)\n",
+        "The value of Rf = 544 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.15 - Page No 114"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rf= 20*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R1= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Part (i) When switch S is off,\n",
+      "Aoff_non_inv= 1+Rf/R1 # non-inverting amplifier circuit gain\n",
+      "Aoff_inv= -Rf/R1 # inverting amplifier gain\n",
+      "Aoff= Aoff_non_inv+Aoff_inv # amplifier circuit gain\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : When switch S is off, the gain of the amplifier circuit = %0.f\" %Aoff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii) When switch S is on,\n",
+      "Aon= -Rf/R1 # amplifier circuit gain\n",
+      "print \"Part (ii) : When switch S is on, the gain of the amplifer circuit = %0.f\" %Aon"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : When switch S is off, the gain of the amplifier circuit = 1\n",
+        "Part (ii) : When switch S is on, the gain of the amplifer circuit = -2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.18 - Page No 116"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R2= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R3= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vd= 5 # in mV\n",
+      "Vcm= 2 # in mV\n",
+      "CMRR_dB= 90 # in dB\n",
+      "CMRR= 10**(CMRR_dB/20) \n",
+      "Ad= Rf/R1 # differential voltage gain\n",
+      "# Part (i)\n",
+      "Vout= Ad*Vd # output voltage in mV\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : The output voltage = %0.f mV\" %Vout\n",
+      "# Part (ii)\n",
+      "Acm= Ad/CMRR # common mode gain\n",
+      "AcmVcm= Acm*Vcm # magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output in mV\n",
+      "AcmVcm= AcmVcm*10**3 # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "print \"The magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output = %0.3f \u00b5V\" %AcmVcm"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : The output voltage = 50 mV\n",
+        "The magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output = 0.632 \u00b5V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.19 - Page No 117"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 540 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R3= 540 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R2= 5.4*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 5.4*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vin1= -2.5 # in V\n",
+      "Vin2= -3.5 #in V\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 #input impedance in \u03a9\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 # open loop voltage gain\n",
+      "Ad= (1+Rf/R1) # voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain = %0.f\" %Ad\n",
+      "Vout=Ad*(Vin1-Vin2) # output voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %Vout\n",
+      "Rin_f1= Rin*(1+A*R1/(R1+Rf)) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin_f2= Rin*(1+A*R2/(R1+Rf)) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin_f1 = %0.3e \u03a9\" %Rin_f1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin_f2 = %0.3e \u03a9\" %Rin_f2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain = 11\n",
+        "The output voltage = 11 V\n",
+        "The value of Rin_f1 = 3.637e+10 \u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rin_f2 = 3.636e+11 \u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.20 - Page No 120"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 100*10**-3 # in V\n",
+      "Vout= 4.25 # in V\n",
+      "R1= 100 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "# Formula Used : Vout= (1+2*Rf/Rf)*Vin\n",
+      "Rf= (Vout/Vin-1)*R1/2 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= Rf*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.f \u03a9\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.1f k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 = 100 \u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rf = 2.1 k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.21- Page No 121"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 3.3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "R2= 3.3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "R3= 1.2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "R4= 1.2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 3.9 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "R5= 3.9 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rp= 2.5 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 # unit less\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Ad= -(1+2*R1/Rp)*Rf/R3 # voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain = %0.2f\" %Ad\n",
+      "Rinf= Rin*(1+A*(R1+Rp)/(2*R1+Rp)) #input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rinf= Rinf*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.3f G\u03a9\" %Rinf\n",
+      "Routf= Rout/abs(1+A/Ad) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.6f \u03a9\" %Routf\n",
+      "f_f= A*f0/abs(Ad) # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f= f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain = -11.83\n",
+        "The input resistance = 254.947 G\u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.004437 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 84.53 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..06ace2b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,786 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-3 : Negative Feedback In Op-Amps"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.1 - Page No 104"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Af= 10 # voltage gain\n",
+      "R1= 3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= (Af-1)*R1 # From Af= 1+Rf/R1\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %d \u03a9\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %d \u03a9\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 = 3 \u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rf = 27 \u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.2 - Page No 104"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rf_min= 0 \n",
+      "Rf_max= 100 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "# Formula Used : Af= 1+Rf/R1\n",
+      "Af_max= 1+Rf_max/R1 # maximum closed loop voltage gain\n",
+      "Af_min= 1+Rf_min/R1 # minimum closed loop voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"The maximum closed loop voltage gain = %d\" %Af_max\n",
+      "print \"The minimum closed loop voltage gain = %d\" %Af_min"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The maximum closed loop voltage gain = 51\n",
+        "The minimum closed loop voltage gain = 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.3 - Page No 105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 100 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 100*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n",
+      "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n",
+      "Af= 1+Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin_f= Rin*(1+AB) # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "Rin_f= Rin_f*10**-6 # in M\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain is = %d\" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.1f M\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.4f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.f Hz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain is = 1001\n",
+        "The input resistance = 401.6 M\u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.3735 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 1004 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.4 - Page No 105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#given data\n",
+      "R1=1 # in  k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_f=10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_f=R_f*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "A=200000 \n",
+      "OutputVoltageSwing= 13 # in volt\n",
+      "SupplyVoltage=15 # in volt\n",
+      "Ri= 2 # in M ohm\n",
+      "Ri=Ri*10**6 # in ohm\n",
+      "Ro= 75 # in ohm\n",
+      "fo= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+R_f) \n",
+      "AB = A*B \n",
+      "R_outf= Ro/(1+A*B) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_outf= R_outf*10**3 # in m ohm\n",
+      "print \"Output Resistance = %0.3f m ohm\" %R_outf\n",
+      "V_ooT= OutputVoltageSwing/(1+A*B) # in volt\n",
+      "V_ooT= V_ooT*10**3 # in mV\n",
+      "print \"Output offset voltage = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %V_ooT\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output Resistance = 4.125 m ohm\n",
+        "Output offset voltage = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.5 - Page No 105"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n",
+      "B=1 # for voltage follower\n",
+      "Rf= 0 \n",
+      "Af= 1 # voltage gain (since Rf=0)\n",
+      "Rin_f= A*Rin # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin_f= Rin_f*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/A #output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*A # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f= f_f*10**-6 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain = %d\" %Af \n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.f G\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.6f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.f MHz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain = 1\n",
+        "The input resistance = 400 G\u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.000375 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 1 MHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6 - Page No 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "R1= 330 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 3.3*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n",
+      "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n",
+      "Af= -Rf/R1 # colsed-loop voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f=Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # closed-loop bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f= f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af  \n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The closed-loop voltage gain = -10\n",
+        "The input resistance = 330 \u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.7 - Page No 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 #unit less\n",
+      "B= 1/2 # feedback fraction (since R1=Rf)\n",
+      "Af= -1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "R1= 330 #in \u03a9 (assume)\n",
+      "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance with feedback in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/(A/2) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= A/2*f0 # in Hz\n",
+      "f_f= f_f*10**-6 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.1f MHz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The closed-loop voltage gain = -1\n",
+        "The input resistance = 330 \u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.00075 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 0.5 MHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.8 - Page No 109"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "A= 200000 #unit less\n",
+      "VCC= 15 # in V\n",
+      "VEE= -15 # in V\n",
+      "Vout_swing= 13 # in V\n",
+      "# Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier\n",
+      "R1= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 10*10**3 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n",
+      "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n",
+      "Af= 1+Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin_f= Rin*(1+AB) # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin_f=Rin_f*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f=f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "VooT= Vout_swing/(1+AB) #in V\n",
+      "VooT= VooT*10**3 # in mV\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier :- \" \n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f \" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.4f G\u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f\n",
+      "print \"The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %VooT\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii) : Inverting Amplifier\n",
+      "R1= 470 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 4.7*10**3 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "B= R1/(R1+Rf) # feedback fraction\n",
+      "AB= A*B # feedback factor\n",
+      "Af= -Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin_f= R1 # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout_f= Rout/(1+AB) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "f_f= f0*(1+AB) # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f=f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "VooT= Vout_swing/(1+AB) #in V\n",
+      "VooT= VooT*10**3 # in mV\n",
+      "print \"\\nPart (ii) : Inverting Amplifier :- \" \n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop voltage gain = %0.f \" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.f \u03a9\" %Rin_f\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.5f \u03a9\" %Rout_f\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f\n",
+      "print \"The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 %0.3f mV\" %VooT"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : Non-inverting Amplifier :- \n",
+        "The closed-loop voltage gain = 11 \n",
+        "The input resistance = 36.3656 G\u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n",
+        "The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Part (ii) : Inverting Amplifier :- \n",
+        "The closed-loop voltage gain = -10 \n",
+        "The input resistance = 470 \u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.00412 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 90.91 kHz\n",
+        "The output offset voltage with feedback = \u00b1 0.715 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.9 - Page No 110"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rf= 500*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R1= 5*10**3 #in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vin= 0.1 # input voltage in V\n",
+      "Af= -Rf/R1 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rin= R1 # input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin= Rin*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 0 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vout= Af*Vin # output voltage in V\n",
+      "I_in= Vin/R1 # input current in A\n",
+      "I_in= I_in*10**3 # in mA\n",
+      "print \"The amplifier circuit voltage gain = %0.f\" %Af\n",
+      "print \"The amplifier circuit input resistance = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rin\n",
+      "print \"The amplifier circuit output resistance %0.f \u03a9\" %Rout\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %Vout\n",
+      "print \"The input current = %0.2f mA\" %I_in"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The amplifier circuit voltage gain = -100\n",
+        "The amplifier circuit input resistance = 5 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The amplifier circuit output resistance 0 \u03a9\n",
+        "The output voltage = -10 V\n",
+        "The input current = 0.02 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.10 - Page No 110"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rf= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vout_by_Vin= -Rf/Rin # (since Vout= -Rf/Rin*Vin)\n",
+      "Av= Vout_by_Vin # voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain = %0.f\" %Av\n",
+      "# I_in= Iout (As it is a unity gain inverter)\n",
+      "Ain= 1 #input impedance (since I_in= Iout)\n",
+      "print \"The input impedance = %0.f\" %Ain\n",
+      "Ap= abs(Av*Ain) # power gain\n",
+      "print \"The power gain = %0.f\" %Ap"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain = -1\n",
+        "The input impedance = 1\n",
+        "The power gain = 1\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.11 - Page No 111"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Av= -30 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Rf= 1*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "#Since, Av= Vo/Vi=-Rf/R1, so\n",
+      "R1= -Rf/Av # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R1= R1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= Rf*10**-6 # in M\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f M\u03a9\" %Rf\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.f k\u03a9\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Rf = 1 M\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of R1 = 33 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.12 - Page No 111"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Av= -8 # voltage gain\n",
+      "Vi= 1 # input voltage in V\n",
+      "I1= 15 #maximum current in \u00b5A\n",
+      "I1= I1*10**-6 # in A\n",
+      "R1= Vi/I1 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R1= R1*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.2f k\u03a9 (Standard value 68 k\u03a9)\" %R1\n",
+      "R1= 68 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= -Av*R1 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 = 66.67 k\u03a9 (Standard value 68 k\u03a9)\n",
+        "The value of Rf = 544 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.15 - Page No 114"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rf= 20*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R1= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Part (i) When switch S is off,\n",
+      "Aoff_non_inv= 1+Rf/R1 # non-inverting amplifier circuit gain\n",
+      "Aoff_inv= -Rf/R1 # inverting amplifier gain\n",
+      "Aoff= Aoff_non_inv+Aoff_inv # amplifier circuit gain\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : When switch S is off, the gain of the amplifier circuit = %0.f\" %Aoff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part (ii) When switch S is on,\n",
+      "Aon= -Rf/R1 # amplifier circuit gain\n",
+      "print \"Part (ii) : When switch S is on, the gain of the amplifer circuit = %0.f\" %Aon"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : When switch S is off, the gain of the amplifier circuit = 1\n",
+        "Part (ii) : When switch S is on, the gain of the amplifer circuit = -2\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.18 - Page No 116"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R2= 1*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R3= 10*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vd= 5 # in mV\n",
+      "Vcm= 2 # in mV\n",
+      "CMRR_dB= 90 # in dB\n",
+      "CMRR= 10**(CMRR_dB/20) \n",
+      "Ad= Rf/R1 # differential voltage gain\n",
+      "# Part (i)\n",
+      "Vout= Ad*Vd # output voltage in mV\n",
+      "print \"Part (i) : The output voltage = %0.f mV\" %Vout\n",
+      "# Part (ii)\n",
+      "Acm= Ad/CMRR # common mode gain\n",
+      "AcmVcm= Acm*Vcm # magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output in mV\n",
+      "AcmVcm= AcmVcm*10**3 # in \u00b5V\n",
+      "print \"The magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output = %0.3f \u00b5V\" %AcmVcm"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Part (i) : The output voltage = 50 mV\n",
+        "The magnitude of the induced 60Hz noise at the output = 0.632 \u00b5V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.19 - Page No 117"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 540 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R3= 540 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R2= 5.4*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 5.4*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Vin1= -2.5 # in V\n",
+      "Vin2= -3.5 #in V\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 #input impedance in \u03a9\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 # open loop voltage gain\n",
+      "Ad= (1+Rf/R1) # voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain = %0.f\" %Ad\n",
+      "Vout=Ad*(Vin1-Vin2) # output voltage in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage = %0.f V\" %Vout\n",
+      "Rin_f1= Rin*(1+A*R1/(R1+Rf)) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rin_f2= Rin*(1+A*R2/(R1+Rf)) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin_f1 = %0.3e \u03a9\" %Rin_f1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rin_f2 = %0.3e \u03a9\" %Rin_f2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain = 11\n",
+        "The output voltage = 11 V\n",
+        "The value of Rin_f1 = 3.637e+10 \u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rin_f2 = 3.636e+11 \u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.20 - Page No 120"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 100*10**-3 # in V\n",
+      "Vout= 4.25 # in V\n",
+      "R1= 100 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "# Formula Used : Vout= (1+2*Rf/Rf)*Vin\n",
+      "Rf= (Vout/Vin-1)*R1/2 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= Rf*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.f \u03a9\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.1f k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 = 100 \u03a9\n",
+        "The value of Rf = 2.1 k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 3.21- Page No 121"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 3.3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "R2= 3.3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "R3= 1.2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "R4= 1.2 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rf= 3.9 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "R5= 3.9 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "Rp= 2.5 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "A= 2*10**5 # unit less\n",
+      "f0= 5 # in Hz\n",
+      "Rin= 2*10**6 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rout= 75 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "Ad= -(1+2*R1/Rp)*Rf/R3 # voltage gain\n",
+      "print \"The voltage gain = %0.2f\" %Ad\n",
+      "Rinf= Rin*(1+A*(R1+Rp)/(2*R1+Rp)) #input resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "Rinf= Rinf*10**-9 # in G\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The input resistance = %0.3f G\u03a9\" %Rinf\n",
+      "Routf= Rout/abs(1+A/Ad) # output resistance in \u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The output resistance = %0.6f \u03a9\" %Routf\n",
+      "f_f= A*f0/abs(Ad) # bandwidth in Hz\n",
+      "f_f= f_f*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "print \"The bandwidth = %0.2f kHz\" %f_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The voltage gain = -11.83\n",
+        "The input resistance = 254.947 G\u03a9\n",
+        "The output resistance = 0.004437 \u03a9\n",
+        "The bandwidth = 84.53 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..75a2b6a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-4 : Frequency Response Of An Op-Amp"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.1 - Page No 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 0.5 # in V\n",
+      "Av= 10 \n",
+      "I_B_max= 1.5 # in micro amp\n",
+      "I_B_max=I_B_max*10**-6 # in A\n",
+      "# Let\n",
+      "I1=100*I_B_max # in A\n",
+      "R1= Vin/I1 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rf= Av*R1 # in ohm\n",
+      "# R2= R1 || Rf = R1 (approx.)\n",
+      "R2= R1 # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of I1 = %0.f micro amp\" %(I1*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.1f kohm\" %(R1*10**-3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2 = %0.1f kohm\" %(R2*10**-3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f kohm\" %(Rf*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of I1 = 150 micro amp\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 3.3 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R2 = 3.3 kohm\n",
+        "Value of Rf = 33 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.2 - Page No 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import log10\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 50 # in mV\n",
+      "Vin = Vin*10**-3 # in V\n",
+      "I_B_max= 200 # in nA\n",
+      "I_B_max=I_B_max*10**-9 # in A\n",
+      "I1=100*I_B_max # in A(assumed)\n",
+      "Av=100 \n",
+      "R1= Vin/I1 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of  R1 = %0.1f k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\" %(R1*10**-3)\n",
+      "R1= 2.2 # kohm (standard value)\n",
+      "Rf= Av*R1 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rf\n",
+      "# R2 = R1 || Rf = R1 (approx)\n",
+      "R2= R1 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of R2 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %R2\n",
+      "Av= 20*log10(Av) # in dB\n",
+      "C1= 100 # in pF\n",
+      "R1= 1.5 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "C2= 3 # in pF\n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.f dB\" %Av\n",
+      "print \"Value of C1 = %0.f pF\" %C1\n",
+      "print \"Value of C2 = %0.f pF\" %C2\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of  R1 = 2.5 k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\n",
+        "The value of Rf = 220 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of R2 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "Voltage gain = 40 dB\n",
+        "Value of C1 = 100 pF\n",
+        "Value of C2 = 3 pF\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 1.5 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.3 - Page No 136\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "A_VD= 200 # in V/mV\n",
+      "A_VD=A_VD*10**3 # in V/V\n",
+      "B1=1 # in MHz\n",
+      "B1=B1*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "f1=B1 \n",
+      "f0= f1/A_VD # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Cut-off frequency = %0.f Hz\" %f0"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Cut-off frequency = 5 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.4 - Page No 143\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "SR= 0.8 # in V/micro sec\n",
+      "SR=SR*10**6 # in V/sec\n",
+      "omega= SR/Vin \n",
+      "f= omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Full power bandwidth = %0.1f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Full power bandwidth = 8.5 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.5 - Page No 143\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "SR= 2 # in V/micro sec\n",
+      "del_v_in= 0.5 # in volt\n",
+      "del_t=10 #in micro sec\n",
+      "del_v_inBYdel_t= del_v_in/del_t # in V/micro sec\n",
+      "# v_out= A_CL*v_in\n",
+      "A_CL= SR/del_v_inBYdel_t \n",
+      "print \"Closed-loop gain = %0.f \" %A_CL"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Closed-loop gain = 40 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..a745c198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-4 : Frequency Response Of An Op-Amp"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.1 - Page No 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 0.5 # in V\n",
+      "Av= 10 \n",
+      "I_B_max= 1.5 # in micro amp\n",
+      "I_B_max=I_B_max*10**-6 # in A\n",
+      "# Let\n",
+      "I1=100*I_B_max # in A\n",
+      "R1= Vin/I1 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rf= Av*R1 # in ohm\n",
+      "# R2= R1 || Rf = R1 (approx.)\n",
+      "R2= R1 # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of I1 = %0.f micro amp\" %(I1*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.1f kohm\" %(R1*10**-3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2 = %0.1f kohm\" %(R2*10**-3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f kohm\" %(Rf*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of I1 = 150 micro amp\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 3.3 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R2 = 3.3 kohm\n",
+        "Value of Rf = 33 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.2 - Page No 134"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import log10\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 50 # in mV\n",
+      "Vin = Vin*10**-3 # in V\n",
+      "I_B_max= 200 # in nA\n",
+      "I_B_max=I_B_max*10**-9 # in A\n",
+      "I1=100*I_B_max # in A(assumed)\n",
+      "Av=100 \n",
+      "R1= Vin/I1 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of  R1 = %0.1f k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\" %(R1*10**-3)\n",
+      "R1= 2.2 # kohm (standard value)\n",
+      "Rf= Av*R1 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.f k\u03a9\" %Rf\n",
+      "# R2 = R1 || Rf = R1 (approx)\n",
+      "R2= R1 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of R2 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %R2\n",
+      "Av= 20*log10(Av) # in dB\n",
+      "C1= 100 # in pF\n",
+      "R1= 1.5 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "C2= 3 # in pF\n",
+      "print \"Voltage gain = %0.f dB\" %Av\n",
+      "print \"Value of C1 = %0.f pF\" %C1\n",
+      "print \"Value of C2 = %0.f pF\" %C2\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.1f k\u03a9\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of  R1 = 2.5 k\u03a9 (Standard value 2.2 k\u03a9)\n",
+        "The value of Rf = 220 k\u03a9\n",
+        "The value of R2 = 2.2 k\u03a9\n",
+        "Voltage gain = 40 dB\n",
+        "Value of C1 = 100 pF\n",
+        "Value of C2 = 3 pF\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 1.5 k\u03a9\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.3 - Page No 136\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "A_VD= 200 # in V/mV\n",
+      "A_VD=A_VD*10**3 # in V/V\n",
+      "B1=1 # in MHz\n",
+      "B1=B1*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "f1=B1 \n",
+      "f0= f1/A_VD # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Cut-off frequency = %0.f Hz\" %f0"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Cut-off frequency = 5 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.4 - Page No 143\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "SR= 0.8 # in V/micro sec\n",
+      "SR=SR*10**6 # in V/sec\n",
+      "omega= SR/Vin \n",
+      "f= omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Full power bandwidth = %0.1f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Full power bandwidth = 8.5 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.5 - Page No 143\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "SR= 2 # in V/micro sec\n",
+      "del_v_in= 0.5 # in volt\n",
+      "del_t=10 #in micro sec\n",
+      "del_v_inBYdel_t= del_v_in/del_t # in V/micro sec\n",
+      "# v_out= A_CL*v_in\n",
+      "A_CL= SR/del_v_inBYdel_t \n",
+      "print \"Closed-loop gain = %0.f \" %A_CL"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Closed-loop gain = 40 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.6 - Page No 144"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vpp= 3 # in volts\n",
+      "del_V= Vpp*(90-10)/100 # in volts\n",
+      "del_t= 4 # in micro sec\n",
+      "SR_required= del_V/del_t # in V/micro sec\n",
+      "print \"The required SR = %0.1f V/micro sec\" %SR_required\n",
+      "print \"(i)  The 741 op-amp has an SR of 0.5 volts per micro second. It is too slow so it cannot be used\"\n",
+      "print \"(ii) The 318 op-amp has an SR of 50 volts per micro second. It is fast enough and can be used.\"\n",
+      "SR= 50 # V/micro sec\n",
+      "# Rise time using a 318 op-amp,\n",
+      "del_t= del_V/SR # in micro sec \n",
+      "del_t= del_t*10**3 # in ns\n",
+      "print \"     The reise time using 318 op-amp = %0.f ns\" %del_t\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The required SR = 0.6 V/micro sec\n",
+        "(i)  The 741 op-amp has an SR of 0.5 volts per micro second. It is too slow so it cannot be used\n",
+        "(ii) The 318 op-amp has an SR of 50 volts per micro second. It is fast enough and can be used.\n",
+        "     The reise time using 318 op-amp = 48 ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 4.7 - Page No 144"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vout= 6 # in volts\n",
+      "Vin= 20*10**-3 # in V\n",
+      "Vrms= 1.414\n",
+      "Vout_peak= 6*Vrms # in volts\n",
+      "f_max= 15 # in kHz\n",
+      "# Required closed loop gain\n",
+      "A_CL= Vout/Vin \n",
+      "# Required SR\n",
+      "SRmax= 2*pi*Vout_peak*f_max # in V/micro sec\n",
+      "print \"(i)  The 741 has an SR of 0.5 V/micro sec. It is too slow and would distort the sine wave output.\"\n",
+      "print \"(ii) The 318 has an SR of 50 V/micro sec. It is fast enough to develop a 6 Vrms sine wave output at 15 kHz.\"\n",
+      "f_1per= 15 # kHz\n",
+      "# The gain bandwidth,\n",
+      "GBW= 7*A_CL*f_1per # in kHz\n",
+      "GBW= GBW*10**-3 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"     The gain bandwidth = %0.1f MHz\" %GBW\n",
+      "print \"     The GBW for 318 op-amp is only 15 MHz. So even though the 318 op-amp satisfies the SR requirement but\"\n",
+      "print \"     it does not have a large enough GBW to proved a gain of 300 (\u00b11 %) at 15 kHz\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "A_CL= 10\n",
+      "GBW10= 7*A_CL*f_1per # in kHz\n",
+      "GBW10= GBW10*10**-3 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"GBW (Gain of 10) = %0.2f MHz\" %GBW10\n",
+      "A_CL= 30\n",
+      "GBW30= 7*A_CL*f_1per # in kHz\n",
+      "GBW30= GBW30*10**-3 # in MHz\n",
+      "print \"GBW (Gain of 30) = %0.2f MHz\" %GBW30\n",
+      "print \"The 318 op-amp has a large enough gain bandwidth to operate both amplifiers.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(i)  The 741 has an SR of 0.5 V/micro sec. It is too slow and would distort the sine wave output.\n",
+        "(ii) The 318 has an SR of 50 V/micro sec. It is fast enough to develop a 6 Vrms sine wave output at 15 kHz.\n",
+        "     The gain bandwidth = 31.5 MHz\n",
+        "     The GBW for 318 op-amp is only 15 MHz. So even though the 318 op-amp satisfies the SR requirement but\n",
+        "     it does not have a large enough GBW to proved a gain of 300 (\u00b11 %) at 15 kHz\n",
+        "GBW (Gain of 10) = 1.05 MHz\n",
+        "GBW (Gain of 30) = 3.15 MHz\n",
+        "The 318 op-amp has a large enough gain bandwidth to operate both amplifiers.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..65142a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-5 : General Applications Of Op-Amps"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1 - Page 156"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fo= 15 # in kHz\n",
+      "fo= fo*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "L= 1/(4*pi**2*fo**2*C) # in H\n",
+      "L=math.ceil(L*10**3) # in mH\n",
+      "# Let L be of 12 mH and internal resistance 30 ohm\n",
+      "R=30 # internal resistance in ohm\n",
+      "XL= 2*pi*L*10**-3*fo \n",
+      "Q= XL/R \n",
+      "R_P= Q**2*R # in ohm\n",
+      "# If\n",
+      "R1=100 # in ohm\n",
+      "# Formula L= R_f*R_P/(R1*(R_f+R_P)) \n",
+      "R_f= R1*L*R_P/(R_P-R1*L) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_f=R_f*10**3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_f= 1.2 # in k ohm (Standard value)\n",
+      "print \"The values of component chosen are:-\" \n",
+      "print \"Value of L   = %0.f mH\" %L\n",
+      "print \"Value of C   = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R_f = %0.1f k ohm\" %R_f\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1  = %0.f ohm\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The values of component chosen are:-\n",
+        "Value of L   = 12 mH\n",
+        "Value of C   = 0.01 micro F\n",
+        "Value of R_f = 1.2 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R1  = 100 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2 - Page 159"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rf= 12 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rs1= 12 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rs2= 2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rs3= 3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Vi1= 9 # in volt\n",
+      "Vi2= -3 # in volt\n",
+      "Vi3= -1 # in volt\n",
+      "Vout= -Rf*(Vi1/Rs1+Vi2/Rs2+Vi3/Rs3) # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 13 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3 - Page NO 159"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given expression Vout= -2*V1+3*V2+4*V3\n",
+      "# For an operational amplifier\n",
+      "# Vout= -Rf*[V1/R1+V2/R2+V3/R3]\n",
+      "# Compare the above expression with the given expression for the output\n",
+      "r_1=2 # value of Rf/R1\n",
+      "r_2=3 # value of Rf/R2\n",
+      "r_3=4 # value of Rf/R3\n",
+      "# Resistance R3 will be minimum value of 10 k ohm\n",
+      "R3=10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= r_3*R3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R2= Rf/r_2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1= Rf/r_1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2 = %0.2f k ohm\" %R2\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Rf = 40 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R2 = 13.33 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 20 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.4 - Page No 159\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V1= 2 # in volt\n",
+      "V2= -1 # in volt\n",
+      "# Let R1= (R||R)/(R+(R||R))= (R/2)/(R+R/2) = 1/3\n",
+      "R1=1/3 \n",
+      "Vs1= V1*R1 # in volt\n",
+      "# Let R2= (1+Rf/R)= (1+2*R/R)= 3\n",
+      "R2= 3 \n",
+      "Vo_desh= Vs1*R2 # in volt\n",
+      "Vs2= V2*R1 # in volt\n",
+      "Vo_doubleDesh= Vs2*R2 # in volt\n",
+      "V_out= Vo_desh+Vo_doubleDesh # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 1 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.5 - Page No 160\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given expression Vout= 10*(V2-V1)\n",
+      "# For a differential amplifier circuit\n",
+      "# Vout= Rf/R*(V2-V1)\n",
+      "# Compare the above expression with the given expression for the output, we have\n",
+      "RfbyR= 10 \n",
+      "R=10 # minimum value of resistancce to be used in kohm\n",
+      "Rf= RfbyR * R # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Rf = 100 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.7 - Page No 164\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 50 # in kohm\n",
+      "# Let us choose\n",
+      "R3= 15 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R4= R3 \n",
+      "# Ad= 1+2*R2/R1             (i)\n",
+      "# Ad= ((1+2*R2/R1)*(V2-V1))/(V2-V1)= 1+2*R2/R1\n",
+      "# For minimum differential voltage gain\n",
+      "Ad_min=5 \n",
+      "Ad= Ad_min \n",
+      "R1_max= R1 # since Ad will be minimum only when R1 will be maximum\n",
+      "# Putting values of Ad and R1 in eq(i)\n",
+      "R2= (Ad-1)*R1/2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "# For maximum differential voltage gain\n",
+      "Ad_max=200 \n",
+      "Ad= Ad_min \n",
+      "# Putting values of Ad and R2 in eq(i)\n",
+      "R1= 2*R2/(Ad_max-1) # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=int(R1)\n",
+      "# For maximum value of Ad, R1 will have minimum value , therefore\n",
+      "R1_min= 1 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1_min = %0.f k ohm\" %R1_min\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1     = %0.f-50 k ohm potentiometer\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2     = %0.f k ohm\" %R2\n",
+      "print \"Value of R3     = %0.f k ohm\" %R3\n",
+      "print \"Value of R4     = %0.f k ohm\" %R4"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1_min = 1 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R1     = 1-50 k ohm potentiometer\n",
+        "Value of R2     = 100 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R3     = 15 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R4     = 15 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.10 - Page No 179\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "R=2.2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "Ad=10**5 # voltage gain\n",
+      "T= 1 # in ms\n",
+      "T=T*10**-3 # in second\n",
+      "C=1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "I= Vin/R # in volt\n",
+      "V= I*T/C # in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage at the end of the pulse = %0.3f volt\" %V\n",
+      "RC_desh= R*C*Ad \n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop time constant = %0.f second \" %RC_desh"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage at the end of the pulse = 4.545 volt\n",
+        "The closed-loop time constant = 220 second \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.11 - Page No 180\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "omega= 10000 # in  rad/second\n",
+      "# Vout/V1= (Rf/R1)/(1+s*C*Rf)\n",
+      "# substituting s= j*omega we have\n",
+      "# Vout/V1 = (Rf/R1)/sqrt((omega*C*Rf)**2+1)\n",
+      "# At omega=0\n",
+      "# Vout/V1= Rf/R1\n",
+      "# Formula omega= 1/(C*Rf)\n",
+      "Rf= 1/(C*omega) # in ohm\n",
+      "Rf= Rf*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "# 20*log10(Rf/R1) = 20\n",
+      "R1= Rf/10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Rf = 10 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 1 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.12 Page No 180\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "%matplotlib inline\n",
+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "#Given Data : \n",
+      "R=40*1000 #in ohm(assumed)\n",
+      "C=0.2*10**-6 #IN FARAD\n",
+      "Vout=3 #in Volt\n",
+      "V1=Vout #in Volt\n",
+      "V2=Vout #in Volt\n",
+      "plt.plot([0,50],[3,-9.5]) \n",
+      "plt.title('Output voltage')\n",
+      "plt.xlabel('Time in milliseconds')\n",
+      "plt.ylabel('Output voltage in volts')\n",
+      "plt.axis([0, 60, -12, 5])\n",
+      "plt.show()\n",
+      "print \"Assuming Ideal op-amp, sketch for Vout is shown in figure.\" \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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J9PT0Bo/pEpNE49y+DXz4IbBnD7BsGTB3rrqim4jMkyxLhVtaWiIrK0t6fenSJVhaarwp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\nYpIgIiKNmCSIiEgjJgkiItLo/wEJUlJyDeG+CgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f28015d6c10>"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Assuming Ideal op-amp, sketch for Vout is shown in figure.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.13 - Page No 185"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from sympy import symbols, simplify, sin\n",
+      "t = symbols('t')\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 50*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 2*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "CR= C*R #scale factor\n",
+      "# Vout= -CR*dvc/dt= -CR*d/dt(10*sin(4000*pi*t))\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage : 12.56*cos(4000*pi*t) mV\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage : 12.56*cos(4000*pi*t) mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.14 - Page No 185\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "%matplotlib inline\n",
+      "from sympy import symbols, simplify, sin\n",
+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fa= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "fa=fa*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "Vp=1.5 # in volt\n",
+      "f= 200 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*np.pi*fa*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=np.floor(R*10)/10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "fb= 20*fa # in Hz\n",
+      "R_desh= 1/(2*np.pi*fb*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "# Let\n",
+      "R_desh= 82 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_OM= R # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R_OM = %0.1f k ohm\" %R_OM\n",
+      "CR= C*R \n",
+      "# Vin= Vp*sin(omega*t)= 1.5*sin(400*t)\n",
+      "# v_out= -CR*diff(v_in) = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)# in micro volt\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)\" \n",
+      "t = np.arange(0, .015, 1.0/44100)\n",
+      "v_out=-0.2827*np.sin(400*np.pi*t+np.pi/2)# in micro volt\n",
+      "plt.plot(t,v_out) \n",
+      "plt.title('Output Voltage Waveform')\n",
+      "plt.xlabel('Time in ms')\n",
+      "plt.ylabel('Vout in Volts') \n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R_OM = 1.5 k ohm\n",
+        "Output Voltage = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)\n",
+        "Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure."
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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QnZ0tSo7FKDV/YkDrD8Pdu8CFC7zBUiKtWgEFBdpeL6TU/ImBDh1o4oS5COsT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\ngQyFIAiCkIT/D1aoyBiLHf2sAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f27e66ccf90>"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.15 - Page No 186\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "%matplotlib inline\n",
+      "from sympy import symbols, simplify, sin\n",
+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "from math import sin\n",
+      "t = symbols('t')\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vp= 1 # in volts\n",
+      "f= 1000 # in Hz\n",
+      "R= 1.5*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 0.1*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "omega= 2*np.pi*f # in radian\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = -0.942 Cos(400*pi*t)\" \n",
+      "t = np.arange(0, .015, 1.0/44100)\n",
+      "v_out=-0.942*np.sin(400*np.pi*t+np.pi/2)# in micro volt\n",
+      "plt.plot(t,v_out) \n",
+      "plt.title('Output Voltage Waveform')\n",
+      "plt.xlabel('Time in ms')\n",
+      "plt.ylabel('Vout in Volts') \n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure.\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output Voltage = -0.942 Cos(400*pi*t)\n",
+        "Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure."
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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ly4CvvuIpk5pWlGGMp76GDQNeftmu8ggAgwYBY8cCf/1rzcdkZQGRkcAffwCenvbTRlSY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\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f27e7a28290>"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..bb882511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-5 : General Applications Of Op-Amps"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1 - Page 156"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fo= 15 # in kHz\n",
+      "fo= fo*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "L= 1/(4*pi**2*fo**2*C) # in H\n",
+      "L=math.ceil(L*10**3) # in mH\n",
+      "# Let L be of 12 mH and internal resistance 30 ohm\n",
+      "R=30 # internal resistance in ohm\n",
+      "XL= 2*pi*L*10**-3*fo \n",
+      "Q= XL/R \n",
+      "R_P= Q**2*R # in ohm\n",
+      "# If\n",
+      "R1=100 # in ohm\n",
+      "# Formula L= R_f*R_P/(R1*(R_f+R_P)) \n",
+      "R_f= R1*L*R_P/(R_P-R1*L) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_f=R_f*10**3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_f= 1.2 # in k ohm (Standard value)\n",
+      "print \"The values of component chosen are:-\" \n",
+      "print \"Value of L   = %0.f mH\" %L\n",
+      "print \"Value of C   = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R_f = %0.1f k ohm\" %R_f\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1  = %0.f ohm\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The values of component chosen are:-\n",
+        "Value of L   = 12 mH\n",
+        "Value of C   = 0.01 micro F\n",
+        "Value of R_f = 1.2 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R1  = 100 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2 - Page 159"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Rf= 12 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rs1= 12 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rs2= 2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rs3= 3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Vi1= 9 # in volt\n",
+      "Vi2= -3 # in volt\n",
+      "Vi3= -1 # in volt\n",
+      "Vout= -Rf*(Vi1/Rs1+Vi2/Rs2+Vi3/Rs3) # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 13 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3 - Page NO 159"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given expression Vout= -2*V1+3*V2+4*V3\n",
+      "# For an operational amplifier\n",
+      "# Vout= -Rf*[V1/R1+V2/R2+V3/R3]\n",
+      "# Compare the above expression with the given expression for the output\n",
+      "r_1=2 # value of Rf/R1\n",
+      "r_2=3 # value of Rf/R2\n",
+      "r_3=4 # value of Rf/R3\n",
+      "# Resistance R3 will be minimum value of 10 k ohm\n",
+      "R3=10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= r_3*R3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R2= Rf/r_2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1= Rf/r_1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2 = %0.2f k ohm\" %R2\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Rf = 40 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R2 = 13.33 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 20 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.4 - Page No 159\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V1= 2 # in volt\n",
+      "V2= -1 # in volt\n",
+      "# Let R1= (R||R)/(R+(R||R))= (R/2)/(R+R/2) = 1/3\n",
+      "R1=1/3 \n",
+      "Vs1= V1*R1 # in volt\n",
+      "# Let R2= (1+Rf/R)= (1+2*R/R)= 3\n",
+      "R2= 3 \n",
+      "Vo_desh= Vs1*R2 # in volt\n",
+      "Vs2= V2*R1 # in volt\n",
+      "Vo_doubleDesh= Vs2*R2 # in volt\n",
+      "V_out= Vo_desh+Vo_doubleDesh # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 1 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.5 - Page No 160\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given expression Vout= 10*(V2-V1)\n",
+      "# For a differential amplifier circuit\n",
+      "# Vout= Rf/R*(V2-V1)\n",
+      "# Compare the above expression with the given expression for the output, we have\n",
+      "RfbyR= 10 \n",
+      "R=10 # minimum value of resistancce to be used in kohm\n",
+      "Rf= RfbyR * R # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Rf = 100 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.7 - Page No 164\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 50 # in kohm\n",
+      "# Let us choose\n",
+      "R3= 15 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R4= R3 \n",
+      "# Ad= 1+2*R2/R1             (i)\n",
+      "# Ad= ((1+2*R2/R1)*(V2-V1))/(V2-V1)= 1+2*R2/R1\n",
+      "# For minimum differential voltage gain\n",
+      "Ad_min=5 \n",
+      "Ad= Ad_min \n",
+      "R1_max= R1 # since Ad will be minimum only when R1 will be maximum\n",
+      "# Putting values of Ad and R1 in eq(i)\n",
+      "R2= (Ad-1)*R1/2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "# For maximum differential voltage gain\n",
+      "Ad_max=200 \n",
+      "Ad= Ad_min \n",
+      "# Putting values of Ad and R2 in eq(i)\n",
+      "R1= 2*R2/(Ad_max-1) # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=int(R1)\n",
+      "# For maximum value of Ad, R1 will have minimum value , therefore\n",
+      "R1_min= 1 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1_min = %0.f k ohm\" %R1_min\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1     = %0.f-50 k ohm potentiometer\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2     = %0.f k ohm\" %R2\n",
+      "print \"Value of R3     = %0.f k ohm\" %R3\n",
+      "print \"Value of R4     = %0.f k ohm\" %R4"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1_min = 1 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R1     = 1-50 k ohm potentiometer\n",
+        "Value of R2     = 100 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R3     = 15 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R4     = 15 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.10 - Page No 179\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "R=2.2 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "Ad=10**5 # voltage gain\n",
+      "T= 1 # in ms\n",
+      "T=T*10**-3 # in second\n",
+      "C=1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "I= Vin/R # in volt\n",
+      "V= I*T/C # in V\n",
+      "print \"The output voltage at the end of the pulse = %0.3f volt\" %V\n",
+      "RC_desh= R*C*Ad \n",
+      "print \"The closed-loop time constant = %0.f second \" %RC_desh"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output voltage at the end of the pulse = 4.545 volt\n",
+        "The closed-loop time constant = 220 second \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.11 - Page No 180\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "omega= 10000 # in  rad/second\n",
+      "# Vout/V1= (Rf/R1)/(1+s*C*Rf)\n",
+      "# substituting s= j*omega we have\n",
+      "# Vout/V1 = (Rf/R1)/sqrt((omega*C*Rf)**2+1)\n",
+      "# At omega=0\n",
+      "# Vout/V1= Rf/R1\n",
+      "# Formula omega= 1/(C*Rf)\n",
+      "Rf= 1/(C*omega) # in ohm\n",
+      "Rf= Rf*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "# 20*log10(Rf/R1) = 20\n",
+      "R1= Rf/10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm\" %Rf\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Rf = 10 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 1 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.12 Page No 180\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "%matplotlib inline\n",
+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "#Given Data : \n",
+      "R=40*1000 #in ohm(assumed)\n",
+      "C=0.2*10**-6 #IN FARAD\n",
+      "Vout=3 #in Volt\n",
+      "V1=Vout #in Volt\n",
+      "V2=Vout #in Volt\n",
+      "plt.plot([0,50],[3,-9.5]) \n",
+      "plt.title('Output voltage')\n",
+      "plt.xlabel('Time in milliseconds')\n",
+      "plt.ylabel('Output voltage in volts')\n",
+      "plt.axis([0, 60, -12, 5])\n",
+      "plt.show()\n",
+      "print \"Assuming Ideal op-amp, sketch for Vout is shown in figure.\" \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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J9PT0Bo/pEpNE49y+DXz4IbBnD7BsGTB3rrqim4jMkyxLhVtaWiIrK0t6fenSJVhaarwp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\nYpIgIiKNmCSIiEgjJgkiItLo/wEJUlJyDeG+CgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f28015d6c10>"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Assuming Ideal op-amp, sketch for Vout is shown in figure.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.13 - Page No 185"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from sympy import symbols, simplify, sin\n",
+      "t = symbols('t')\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 50*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 2*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "CR= C*R #scale factor\n",
+      "# Vout= -CR*dvc/dt= -CR*d/dt(10*sin(4000*pi*t))\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage : 12.56*cos(4000*pi*t) mV\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage : 12.56*cos(4000*pi*t) mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.14 - Page No 185\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "%matplotlib inline\n",
+      "from sympy import symbols, simplify, sin\n",
+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fa= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "fa=fa*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "Vp=1.5 # in volt\n",
+      "f= 200 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*np.pi*fa*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=np.floor(R*10)/10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "fb= 20*fa # in Hz\n",
+      "R_desh= 1/(2*np.pi*fb*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "# Let\n",
+      "R_desh= 82 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_OM= R # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R_OM = %0.1f k ohm\" %R_OM\n",
+      "CR= C*R \n",
+      "# Vin= Vp*sin(omega*t)= 1.5*sin(400*t)\n",
+      "# v_out= -CR*diff(v_in) = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)# in micro volt\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)\" \n",
+      "t = np.arange(0, .015, 1.0/44100)\n",
+      "v_out=-0.2827*np.sin(400*np.pi*t+np.pi/2)# in micro volt\n",
+      "plt.plot(t,v_out) \n",
+      "plt.title('Output Voltage Waveform')\n",
+      "plt.xlabel('Time in ms')\n",
+      "plt.ylabel('Vout in Volts') \n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R_OM = 1.5 k ohm\n",
+        "Output Voltage = -0.2827 Cos(400*pi*t)\n",
+        "Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure."
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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QnZ0tSo7FKDV/YkDrD8Pdu8CFC7zBUiKtWgEFBdpeL6TU/ImBDh1o4oS5COsT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\ngQyFIAiCkIT/D1aoyBiLHf2sAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f27e66ccf90>"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 5.15 - Page No 186\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "%matplotlib inline\n",
+      "from sympy import symbols, simplify, sin\n",
+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+      "import numpy as np\n",
+      "from math import sin\n",
+      "t = symbols('t')\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vp= 1 # in volts\n",
+      "f= 1000 # in Hz\n",
+      "R= 1.5*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 0.1*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "omega= 2*np.pi*f # in radian\n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage = -0.942 Cos(400*pi*t)\" \n",
+      "t = np.arange(0, .015, 1.0/44100)\n",
+      "v_out=-0.942*np.sin(400*np.pi*t+np.pi/2)# in micro volt\n",
+      "plt.plot(t,v_out) \n",
+      "plt.title('Output Voltage Waveform')\n",
+      "plt.xlabel('Time in ms')\n",
+      "plt.ylabel('Vout in Volts') \n",
+      "print \"Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure.\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output Voltage = -0.942 Cos(400*pi*t)\n",
+        "Output Voltage waveform is shown in figure."
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "display_data",
+       "png": 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ly4CvvuIpk5pWlGGMp76GDQNeftmu8ggAgwYBY8cCf/1rzcdkZQGRkcAffwCenvbTRlSY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\n",
+       "text": [
+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f27e7a28290>"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4b5636a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter- 6 : Active Filters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.1 - Page No 203"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f_H= 2 # in kHz\n",
+      "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "# R may be taken a pot of 10 k ohm\n",
+      "R=10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "# Since the passbond gain is 2.5, so\n",
+      "# 1+Rf/R1= 2.5 or Rf= 1.5*R1\n",
+      "# Since Rf||R1\n",
+      "R1= R*2.5/1.5 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= R1*1.5 # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 18 k ohm)\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm (Standard value 27 k ohm)\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1 = 16.67 k ohm (Standard value 18 k ohm)\n",
+        "Value of Rf = 25 k ohm (Standard value 27 k ohm)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.2 - Page No 205\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f_H= 2 # in kHz\n",
+      "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.033 # in micor F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "C_desh= C \n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=2.7 # k ohm (Standard value)\n",
+      "R_desh= R \n",
+      "# So 2*R= Rf*R1/(Rf+R1) = 0.586*R1**2/(1.586*R1)\n",
+      "R1= 2*R*1.586/(0.586) # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.1f k ohm (Standard value 15 k ohm) \" %R1\n",
+      "R1= 15 # k ohm (Standard value)\n",
+      "Rf= 0.586*R1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 10 k ohm) \" % Rf "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 = 14.6 k ohm (Standard value 15 k ohm) \n",
+        "The value of Rf = 8.79 k ohm (Standard value 10 k ohm) \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.3 - Page No 205    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f_H= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.0047 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "C_desh= C \n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=math.floor(R) \n",
+      "R_desh= R \n",
+      "R1=R  # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= 0.586*R1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= math.ceil(Rf) # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R' = R = %0.f k ohm\" %R\n",
+      "print \"Value of C' = C = %0.4f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.1f k ohm\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R' = R = 33 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of C' = C = 0.0047 micro F\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 33 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of Rf = 20.0 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.4 - Page No 206\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "f= f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "# Vout/Vin= 10\n",
+      "R1= 100 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 1000 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "omega= 2*pi*f \n",
+      "# Vout/Vin at a 3 dB frequency of 1 kHz = 1/sqrt(2) = omega*R2*C/sqrt(1+omega**2*R1**2*C2)\n",
+      "C= math.sqrt(1/(omega**2*(2*R2**2-R1**2))) # in F\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %(R1*10**-3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2 = %0.f k ohm\" %(R2*10**-6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of C  = %0.4e F\" %C"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1 = 100 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R2 = 1 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of C  = 1.1282e-10 F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.5 - Page No 207\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 2.1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1= 20 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rf= 60 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf=Rf*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C=0.05 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "fL= 1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Low cut-off frequency = %0.3f kHz\" %(fL*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Low cut-off frequency = 1.516 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.6 - Page No 211\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_desh= R # in ohm\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "C_desh=0.0025 # in micro F\n",
+      "C_desh=C_desh*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "fH= 1/(2*pi*R_desh*C_desh) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Higher cut-off frequency = %0.3f kHz\"%(fH*10**-3)\n",
+      "fL= 1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Lower cut-off frequency = %0.2f Hz\" %fL\n",
+      "BW= fH-fL \n",
+      "print \"Bandwidth = %0.1f kHz\" %(BW*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Higher cut-off frequency = 6.366 kHz\n",
+        "Lower cut-off frequency = 159.15 Hz\n",
+        "Bandwidth = 6.2 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.7 - Page No 212\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fc= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "fc=fc*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "Q=5 \n",
+      "Af=8 \n",
+      "# Let C=C1=C2=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C1= 0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "C2=C1 # in F\n",
+      "C=C2 # in F\n",
+      "R1= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*Af) # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1=math.ceil(R1) \n",
+      "R2= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*(2*Q**2-Af)) # in ohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=math.ceil(R2) \n",
+      "R3= Q/(pi*fc*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=R3*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=math.ceil(R3) \n",
+      "# The value of R2_desh required to change the centre frequency from 1 kHz to 2 kHz is\n",
+      "f_desh_c= 2000 # in Hz\n",
+      "R2_desh= R2*(fc/f_desh_c)**2 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f kohm\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2 = %0.f kohm\" %R2\n",
+      "print \"Value of R3 = %0.f kohm\" %R3\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2_desh = %0.f ohm\" %(R2_desh*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1 = 10 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R2 = 2 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R3 = 160 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R2_desh = 500 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.8 - Page No 212\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C= 0.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R1= 2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 2/3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R3= 200 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=R3*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "# R1= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*Af)           (i)\n",
+      "# R2= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*(2*Q**2-Af))   (ii)\n",
+      "# R3= Q/(pi*fc*C)                (iii)\n",
+      "# From (i) and (iii)\n",
+      "Af= R3/(2*R1) \n",
+      "# From (ii) and (iii)\n",
+      "Q= math.sqrt(1/2*(R3/(2*R2)+Af)) \n",
+      "# From (iii)\n",
+      "fc= Q/(R3*pi*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "omega_o= 2*pi*fc # in radians/second\n",
+      "print \"The value of gain = %0.f\" %Af \n",
+      "print \"Value of Q = %0.f\" %Q\n",
+      "print \"Centre frequency = %0.f radians/second\" %omega_o"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of gain = 50\n",
+        "Value of Q = 10\n",
+        "Centre frequency = 1000 radians/second\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.9 - Page No 213\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fL= 200 # in Hz\n",
+      "fH= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "fH=fH*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "#Let the capacitor C_desh be of 0.01 micro F \n",
+      "C_desh= 0.01*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R_desh= 1/(2*pi*fH*C_desh) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_desh=R_desh*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_desh= 18 # in kohm\n",
+      "# Let \n",
+      "C=0.05*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*fL*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R= 18 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= 10 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf' = Rf = R1' = R1 = %0.f kohm\" %Rf\n",
+      "print \"Value of R = R' = %0.f kohm\" %R\n",
+      "print \"Value of C'= %0.2f micro F\" %(C_desh*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of C = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Rf' = Rf = R1' = R1 = 10 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R = R' = 18 kohm\n",
+        "Value of C'= 0.01 micro F\n",
+        "Value of C = 0.05 micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.11 - Page No 214\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fL= 200 # in Hz\n",
+      "fH= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "fH=fH*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "fc= math.sqrt(fL*fH) # in Hz\n",
+      "Q= fc/(fH-fL) \n",
+      "print \"The value of Q for filter = %0.3f\" %Q"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Q for filter = 0.559\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.12 - Page No 216\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f_H= 200 # in Hz\n",
+      "f_L= 2*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C= 0.05*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "# For low-pass filter,\n",
+      "R_desh= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R_desh= R_desh*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R' = %0.1f k\u03a9 (standard value 20 k\u03a9)\" %R_desh\n",
+      "# For high-pass filter,\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_L*C) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R= R*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R = %0.2f k\u03a9 (standard value 1.8 k\u03a9)\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R' = 15.9 k\u03a9 (standard value 20 k\u03a9)\n",
+        "The value of R = 1.59 k\u03a9 (standard value 1.8 k\u03a9)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.13 - Page No 218"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C= 0.068*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "f_N= 50 # in Hz\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_N*C) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R= R*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R = %0.1f k\u03a9 (standard value 47 k\u03a9)\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R = 46.8 k\u03a9 (standard value 47 k\u03a9)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.14 - Page No 218 "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fN= 60 # in Hz\n",
+      "# Let\n",
+      "C= 0.06 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*fN*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R = %0.2f kohm (Standard value 47 kohm)\" %R\n",
+      "print \"For R/2, two 47 kohm resistors connected in parallel may be used and for 2C component, \"\n",
+      "print \"two parallel connected %0.2f micro F capacitors may be used\" %(C*10**6)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R = 44.21 kohm (Standard value 47 kohm)\n",
+        "For R/2, two 47 kohm resistors connected in parallel may be used and for 2C component, \n",
+        "two parallel connected 0.06 micro F capacitors may be used\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.15 - Page No 219"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 15*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "C= 0.01*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "f= 2*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "PhaseShift= -2*(math.atan(2*pi*f*R*C))*180/pi # in \u00b0\n",
+      "print \"The phase shift = %0.f\u00b0\" %PhaseShift\n",
+      "print \"i.e. %0.f\u00b0 (lagging)\" %abs(PhaseShift)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The phase shift = -124\u00b0\n",
+        "i.e. 124\u00b0 (lagging)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4b5636a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter- 6 : Active Filters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.1 - Page No 203"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f_H= 2 # in kHz\n",
+      "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "# R may be taken a pot of 10 k ohm\n",
+      "R=10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "# Since the passbond gain is 2.5, so\n",
+      "# 1+Rf/R1= 2.5 or Rf= 1.5*R1\n",
+      "# Since Rf||R1\n",
+      "R1= R*2.5/1.5 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= R1*1.5 # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 18 k ohm)\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.f k ohm (Standard value 27 k ohm)\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1 = 16.67 k ohm (Standard value 18 k ohm)\n",
+        "Value of Rf = 25 k ohm (Standard value 27 k ohm)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.2 - Page No 205\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f_H= 2 # in kHz\n",
+      "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.033 # in micor F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "C_desh= C \n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=2.7 # k ohm (Standard value)\n",
+      "R_desh= R \n",
+      "# So 2*R= Rf*R1/(Rf+R1) = 0.586*R1**2/(1.586*R1)\n",
+      "R1= 2*R*1.586/(0.586) # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of R1 = %0.1f k ohm (Standard value 15 k ohm) \" %R1\n",
+      "R1= 15 # k ohm (Standard value)\n",
+      "Rf= 0.586*R1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of Rf = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 10 k ohm) \" % Rf "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R1 = 14.6 k ohm (Standard value 15 k ohm) \n",
+        "The value of Rf = 8.79 k ohm (Standard value 10 k ohm) \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.3 - Page No 205    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f_H= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "f_H= f_H*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C=0.0047 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "C_desh= C \n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=math.floor(R) \n",
+      "R_desh= R \n",
+      "R1=R  # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= 0.586*R1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= math.ceil(Rf) # in k ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R' = R = %0.f k ohm\" %R\n",
+      "print \"Value of C' = C = %0.4f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.1f k ohm\" %Rf"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R' = R = 33 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of C' = C = 0.0047 micro F\n",
+        "Value of R1 = 33 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of Rf = 20.0 k ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.4 - Page No 206\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "f= f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "# Vout/Vin= 10\n",
+      "R1= 100 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 1000 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "omega= 2*pi*f \n",
+      "# Vout/Vin at a 3 dB frequency of 1 kHz = 1/sqrt(2) = omega*R2*C/sqrt(1+omega**2*R1**2*C2)\n",
+      "C= math.sqrt(1/(omega**2*(2*R2**2-R1**2))) # in F\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f k ohm\" %(R1*10**-3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2 = %0.f k ohm\" %(R2*10**-6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of C  = %0.4e F\" %C"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1 = 100 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of R2 = 1 k ohm\n",
+        "Value of C  = 1.1282e-10 F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.5 - Page No 207\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 2.1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1= 20 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rf= 60 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf=Rf*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C=0.05 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "fL= 1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Low cut-off frequency = %0.3f kHz\" %(fL*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Low cut-off frequency = 1.516 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.6 - Page No 211\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 10 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_desh= R # in ohm\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "C_desh=0.0025 # in micro F\n",
+      "C_desh=C_desh*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "fH= 1/(2*pi*R_desh*C_desh) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Higher cut-off frequency = %0.3f kHz\"%(fH*10**-3)\n",
+      "fL= 1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Lower cut-off frequency = %0.2f Hz\" %fL\n",
+      "BW= fH-fL \n",
+      "print \"Bandwidth = %0.1f kHz\" %(BW*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Higher cut-off frequency = 6.366 kHz\n",
+        "Lower cut-off frequency = 159.15 Hz\n",
+        "Bandwidth = 6.2 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.7 - Page No 212\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fc= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "fc=fc*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "Q=5 \n",
+      "Af=8 \n",
+      "# Let C=C1=C2=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C1= 0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "C2=C1 # in F\n",
+      "C=C2 # in F\n",
+      "R1= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*Af) # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1=math.ceil(R1) \n",
+      "R2= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*(2*Q**2-Af)) # in ohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=math.ceil(R2) \n",
+      "R3= Q/(pi*fc*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=R3*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=math.ceil(R3) \n",
+      "# The value of R2_desh required to change the centre frequency from 1 kHz to 2 kHz is\n",
+      "f_desh_c= 2000 # in Hz\n",
+      "R2_desh= R2*(fc/f_desh_c)**2 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f kohm\" %R1\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2 = %0.f kohm\" %R2\n",
+      "print \"Value of R3 = %0.f kohm\" %R3\n",
+      "print \"Value of R2_desh = %0.f ohm\" %(R2_desh*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1 = 10 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R2 = 2 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R3 = 160 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R2_desh = 500 ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.8 - Page No 212\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C= 0.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R1= 2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 2/3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R3= 200 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=R3*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "# R1= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*Af)           (i)\n",
+      "# R2= Q/(2*pi*fc*C*(2*Q**2-Af))   (ii)\n",
+      "# R3= Q/(pi*fc*C)                (iii)\n",
+      "# From (i) and (iii)\n",
+      "Af= R3/(2*R1) \n",
+      "# From (ii) and (iii)\n",
+      "Q= math.sqrt(1/2*(R3/(2*R2)+Af)) \n",
+      "# From (iii)\n",
+      "fc= Q/(R3*pi*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "omega_o= 2*pi*fc # in radians/second\n",
+      "print \"The value of gain = %0.f\" %Af \n",
+      "print \"Value of Q = %0.f\" %Q\n",
+      "print \"Centre frequency = %0.f radians/second\" %omega_o"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of gain = 50\n",
+        "Value of Q = 10\n",
+        "Centre frequency = 1000 radians/second\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.9 - Page No 213\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fL= 200 # in Hz\n",
+      "fH= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "fH=fH*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "#Let the capacitor C_desh be of 0.01 micro F \n",
+      "C_desh= 0.01*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R_desh= 1/(2*pi*fH*C_desh) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_desh=R_desh*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_desh= 18 # in kohm\n",
+      "# Let \n",
+      "C=0.05*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*fL*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R= 18 # in k ohm\n",
+      "Rf= 10 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf' = Rf = R1' = R1 = %0.f kohm\" %Rf\n",
+      "print \"Value of R = R' = %0.f kohm\" %R\n",
+      "print \"Value of C'= %0.2f micro F\" %(C_desh*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of C = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of Rf' = Rf = R1' = R1 = 10 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R = R' = 18 kohm\n",
+        "Value of C'= 0.01 micro F\n",
+        "Value of C = 0.05 micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.11 - Page No 214\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fL= 200 # in Hz\n",
+      "fH= 1 # in kHz\n",
+      "fH=fH*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "fc= math.sqrt(fL*fH) # in Hz\n",
+      "Q= fc/(fH-fL) \n",
+      "print \"The value of Q for filter = %0.3f\" %Q"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of Q for filter = 0.559\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.12 - Page No 216\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f_H= 200 # in Hz\n",
+      "f_L= 2*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C= 0.05*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "# For low-pass filter,\n",
+      "R_desh= 1/(2*pi*f_H*C) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R_desh= R_desh*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R' = %0.1f k\u03a9 (standard value 20 k\u03a9)\" %R_desh\n",
+      "# For high-pass filter,\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_L*C) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R= R*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R = %0.2f k\u03a9 (standard value 1.8 k\u03a9)\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R' = 15.9 k\u03a9 (standard value 20 k\u03a9)\n",
+        "The value of R = 1.59 k\u03a9 (standard value 1.8 k\u03a9)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.13 - Page No 218"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C= 0.068*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "f_N= 50 # in Hz\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*f_N*C) # in \u03a9\n",
+      "R= R*10**-3 # in k\u03a9\n",
+      "print \"The value of R = %0.1f k\u03a9 (standard value 47 k\u03a9)\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R = 46.8 k\u03a9 (standard value 47 k\u03a9)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.14 - Page No 218 "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fN= 60 # in Hz\n",
+      "# Let\n",
+      "C= 0.06 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R= 1/(2*pi*fN*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R = %0.2f kohm (Standard value 47 kohm)\" %R\n",
+      "print \"For R/2, two 47 kohm resistors connected in parallel may be used and for 2C component, \"\n",
+      "print \"two parallel connected %0.2f micro F capacitors may be used\" %(C*10**6)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R = 44.21 kohm (Standard value 47 kohm)\n",
+        "For R/2, two 47 kohm resistors connected in parallel may be used and for 2C component, \n",
+        "two parallel connected 0.06 micro F capacitors may be used\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 6.15 - Page No 219"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 15*10**3 # in \u03a9\n",
+      "C= 0.01*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "f= 2*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "PhaseShift= -2*(math.atan(2*pi*f*R*C))*180/pi # in \u00b0\n",
+      "print \"The phase shift = %0.f\u00b0\" %PhaseShift\n",
+      "print \"i.e. %0.f\u00b0 (lagging)\" %abs(PhaseShift)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The phase shift = -124\u00b0\n",
+        "i.e. 124\u00b0 (lagging)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..a1dee947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-7 : Oscillators (Sinusoidal As Well As Non-Sinusoidal)"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.1 - Page No 232"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=200 # in Hz\n",
+      "# Let us take\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R=1/(2*pi*f*C*sqrt(6)) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "# R1>=10*R, Let\n",
+      "R1=10*R # in kohm\n",
+      "R_f= 29*R1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_f=R_f*10**-3  # in M ohm\n",
+      "R_f=math.ceil(R_f) \n",
+      "print \"Resistor of phase-shift oscillator = %0.f Mohm\" %R_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistor of phase-shift oscillator = 1 Mohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.2 - Page No 232"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=1 # in kHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "I_B_max= 500 # in nA (for 741 IC op-amp)\n",
+      "I_B_max= I_B_max*10**-9 # in A\n",
+      "I1= 100*I_B_max # in A\n",
+      "V_out= (V_CC-1) # in volt\n",
+      "V_in= V_out/29 \n",
+      "R1= V_in/I1 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**-3 #in k ohm\n",
+      "# 5.6 k ohm resistor may be used for R1, being standard value resistor\n",
+      "R1=5.6 # in k ohm (standard value)\n",
+      "A=29 \n",
+      "R_f= A*R1 \n",
+      "# 180 k ohm resistor may be used to provide A > 29\n",
+      "R_f=180 # in k ohm (standard value)\n",
+      "R_comp= R_f \n",
+      "R=R1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C=1/(2*pi*f*R*sqrt(6)) # in F\n",
+      "C=C*10**6 # in micro F\n",
+      "print \"Value of R_comp = R_f = %0.f kohm\" %R_comp\n",
+      "print \"Value of R = R1 = %0.1f in kohm\" %(R*10**-3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of capacitor = %0.2f micro F\" %C"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R_comp = R_f = 180 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R = R1 = 5.6 in kohm\n",
+        "Value of capacitor = 0.01 micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.3 - Page No 235"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=10 # in kHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "I_Bmax= 500 # in nA\n",
+      "I_Bmax= I_Bmax*10**-9 # in amphere\n",
+      "# Let current through resistor R1 be equal to 100 times I_Bmax, so\n",
+      "I_1= 100*I_Bmax # in amp\n",
+      "Vcc= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "Vout= Vcc-1 # in volt\n",
+      "Addition_RfR1= Vout/(500*10**-6) # value of Rf+R1 in ohm\n",
+      "Addition_RfR1=Addition_RfR1*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "# Rf= 2*R1, So\n",
+      "R1= Addition_RfR1/3 # (used 5.6 kohm Standard value resistor)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f kohm (Standard value 5.6 k ohm)\" %R1\n",
+      "R1= 5.6 # in kohm     (used 5.6 kohm Standard value resistor)\n",
+      "Rf= 2*R1 # in kohm# (used 12 kohm standard value resistor)\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.1f kohm (Standard value 12 k ohm)\" %Rf\n",
+      "Rf= 12 # k ohm (used 12 kohm standard value resistor)\n",
+      "R=R1 # in kohm\n",
+      "C= 1/(2*pi*f*R) # in F (Used 2700pF standard value)\n",
+      "C=2700 # in pF \n",
+      "print \"Value of R  = %0.1f kohm\" %R\n",
+      "print \"Value of C  = %0.f pF\" %C"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1 = 6 kohm (Standard value 5.6 k ohm)\n",
+        "Value of Rf = 11.2 kohm (Standard value 12 k ohm)\n",
+        "Value of R  = 5.6 kohm\n",
+        "Value of C  = 2700 pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.4 - Page No 235"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 4.7 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "omega=1/(R*C) # in radians/second\n",
+      "f=omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = %0.2f Hz\" %f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = 33.86 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.6 - Page No 236"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 10 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 100 # in pF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-12 # in F\n",
+      "f=1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = %0.2f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = 159.15 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.7 - Page No 238"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fo= 318 # in Hz\n",
+      "C= 0.015 # in microF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R=0.159/(fo*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=int(R) \n",
+      "print \"Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = %0.3f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = %0.f in kohm\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = 0.015 micro F\n",
+        "Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = 33 in kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.8 - Page No 238"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fo= 1.5 # in kHz\n",
+      "fo=fo*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C= 0.01 # in microF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R=0.159/(fo*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=int(R) \n",
+      "print \"Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = %0.f in kohm\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = 0.01 micro F\n",
+        "Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = 10 in kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.9 - Page No 245"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C= 0.1 # in microF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R=12 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=120 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rf=1 # in Mohm\n",
+      "Rf=Rf*10**6 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_sat= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "# Part(i)\n",
+      "f=Rf/(4*R1*R*C) #in Hz\n",
+      "print \"(i)   : Signal Frequency = %0.3f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(ii)\n",
+      "Vp_p= float(2*R1*V_sat)/Rf # in Vp_p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"(ii)  : Amplitude of the triangular wave = %0.1f Vp_p\" %Vp_p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(iii)\n",
+      "Vp_p= (V_sat)-(-V_sat) \n",
+      "print \"(iii) : Amplitude of the square wave = %0.f Vp_p\" %Vp_p"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(i)   : Signal Frequency = 1.736 kHz\n",
+        "(ii)  : Amplitude of the triangular wave = 2.4 Vp_p\n",
+        "(iii) : Amplitude of the square wave = 20 Vp_p\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.11 - Page No 246"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C1= 0.01 # in microF\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R1=120 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2=1.2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=6.8 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=R3*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_sat= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "# Part(a)\n",
+      "Vp_p= 2*(R2/R3)*V_sat #in volt\n",
+      "print \"(a) : Peak to peak amplitude of triangular wave = %0.3f volt\" %Vp_p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(b)\n",
+      "fo= R3/(4*R1*C1*R2) #in Hz\n",
+      "print \"(b) : Frequency of triangular wave = %0.2f kHz\" %(fo*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) : Peak to peak amplitude of triangular wave = 5.294 volt\n",
+        "(b) : Frequency of triangular wave = 1.18 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.12 - Page No 249"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import log\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "T= 100 # in micro sec\n",
+      "T=T*10**-6 #in se\n",
+      "V_sat= 12 # in volt\n",
+      "V1= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V_D1= V \n",
+      "V_D2=V_D1 \n",
+      "C1= 0.1 # in microF\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "Bita1= 0.1 \n",
+      "# Formula T= R3*C1*log((1+V1/V_sat)/(1-Bita1))\n",
+      "R3= T/(C1*log((1+V1/V_sat)/(1-Bita1))) # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R3 = %0.3f kohm (Standard value 6.8 kohm)\" %(R3*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R3 = 6.171 kohm (Standard value 6.8 kohm)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..a1dee947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-7 : Oscillators (Sinusoidal As Well As Non-Sinusoidal)"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.1 - Page No 232"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=200 # in Hz\n",
+      "# Let us take\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R=1/(2*pi*f*C*sqrt(6)) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "# R1>=10*R, Let\n",
+      "R1=10*R # in kohm\n",
+      "R_f= 29*R1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_f=R_f*10**-3  # in M ohm\n",
+      "R_f=math.ceil(R_f) \n",
+      "print \"Resistor of phase-shift oscillator = %0.f Mohm\" %R_f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistor of phase-shift oscillator = 1 Mohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.2 - Page No 232"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=1 # in kHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "V_CC= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "I_B_max= 500 # in nA (for 741 IC op-amp)\n",
+      "I_B_max= I_B_max*10**-9 # in A\n",
+      "I1= 100*I_B_max # in A\n",
+      "V_out= (V_CC-1) # in volt\n",
+      "V_in= V_out/29 \n",
+      "R1= V_in/I1 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**-3 #in k ohm\n",
+      "# 5.6 k ohm resistor may be used for R1, being standard value resistor\n",
+      "R1=5.6 # in k ohm (standard value)\n",
+      "A=29 \n",
+      "R_f= A*R1 \n",
+      "# 180 k ohm resistor may be used to provide A > 29\n",
+      "R_f=180 # in k ohm (standard value)\n",
+      "R_comp= R_f \n",
+      "R=R1 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C=1/(2*pi*f*R*sqrt(6)) # in F\n",
+      "C=C*10**6 # in micro F\n",
+      "print \"Value of R_comp = R_f = %0.f kohm\" %R_comp\n",
+      "print \"Value of R = R1 = %0.1f in kohm\" %(R*10**-3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of capacitor = %0.2f micro F\" %C"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R_comp = R_f = 180 kohm\n",
+        "Value of R = R1 = 5.6 in kohm\n",
+        "Value of capacitor = 0.01 micro F\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.3 - Page No 235"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=10 # in kHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "I_Bmax= 500 # in nA\n",
+      "I_Bmax= I_Bmax*10**-9 # in amphere\n",
+      "# Let current through resistor R1 be equal to 100 times I_Bmax, so\n",
+      "I_1= 100*I_Bmax # in amp\n",
+      "Vcc= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "Vout= Vcc-1 # in volt\n",
+      "Addition_RfR1= Vout/(500*10**-6) # value of Rf+R1 in ohm\n",
+      "Addition_RfR1=Addition_RfR1*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "# Rf= 2*R1, So\n",
+      "R1= Addition_RfR1/3 # (used 5.6 kohm Standard value resistor)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = %0.f kohm (Standard value 5.6 k ohm)\" %R1\n",
+      "R1= 5.6 # in kohm     (used 5.6 kohm Standard value resistor)\n",
+      "Rf= 2*R1 # in kohm# (used 12 kohm standard value resistor)\n",
+      "print \"Value of Rf = %0.1f kohm (Standard value 12 k ohm)\" %Rf\n",
+      "Rf= 12 # k ohm (used 12 kohm standard value resistor)\n",
+      "R=R1 # in kohm\n",
+      "C= 1/(2*pi*f*R) # in F (Used 2700pF standard value)\n",
+      "C=2700 # in pF \n",
+      "print \"Value of R  = %0.1f kohm\" %R\n",
+      "print \"Value of C  = %0.f pF\" %C"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R1 = 6 kohm (Standard value 5.6 k ohm)\n",
+        "Value of Rf = 11.2 kohm (Standard value 12 k ohm)\n",
+        "Value of R  = 5.6 kohm\n",
+        "Value of C  = 2700 pF\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.4 - Page No 235"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 4.7 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "omega=1/(R*C) # in radians/second\n",
+      "f=omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = %0.2f Hz\" %f"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = 33.86 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.6 - Page No 236"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R= 10 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 100 # in pF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-12 # in F\n",
+      "f=1/(2*pi*R*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = %0.2f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of the oscillation of the circuit = 159.15 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.7 - Page No 238"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fo= 318 # in Hz\n",
+      "C= 0.015 # in microF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R=0.159/(fo*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=int(R) \n",
+      "print \"Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = %0.3f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = %0.f in kohm\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = 0.015 micro F\n",
+        "Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = 33 in kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.8 - Page No 238"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "fo= 1.5 # in kHz\n",
+      "fo=fo*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "C= 0.01 # in microF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R=0.159/(fo*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=int(R) \n",
+      "print \"Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = %0.f in kohm\" %R"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of C1 = C2 = C3 = 0.01 micro F\n",
+        "Value of R1 = R2 = R3 = 10 in kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.9 - Page No 245"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C= 0.1 # in microF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R=12 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R1=120 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rf=1 # in Mohm\n",
+      "Rf=Rf*10**6 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_sat= 10 # in volt\n",
+      "# Part(i)\n",
+      "f=Rf/(4*R1*R*C) #in Hz\n",
+      "print \"(i)   : Signal Frequency = %0.3f kHz\" %(f*10**-3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(ii)\n",
+      "Vp_p= float(2*R1*V_sat)/Rf # in Vp_p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"(ii)  : Amplitude of the triangular wave = %0.1f Vp_p\" %Vp_p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(iii)\n",
+      "Vp_p= (V_sat)-(-V_sat) \n",
+      "print \"(iii) : Amplitude of the square wave = %0.f Vp_p\" %Vp_p"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(i)   : Signal Frequency = 1.736 kHz\n",
+        "(ii)  : Amplitude of the triangular wave = 2.4 Vp_p\n",
+        "(iii) : Amplitude of the square wave = 20 Vp_p\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.11 - Page No 246"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C1= 0.01 # in microF\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "R1=120 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2=1.2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R3=6.8 # in kohm\n",
+      "R3=R3*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_sat= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "# Part(a)\n",
+      "Vp_p= 2*(R2/R3)*V_sat #in volt\n",
+      "print \"(a) : Peak to peak amplitude of triangular wave = %0.3f volt\" %Vp_p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(b)\n",
+      "fo= R3/(4*R1*C1*R2) #in Hz\n",
+      "print \"(b) : Frequency of triangular wave = %0.2f kHz\" %(fo*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a) : Peak to peak amplitude of triangular wave = 5.294 volt\n",
+        "(b) : Frequency of triangular wave = 1.18 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 7.12 - Page No 249"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import log\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "T= 100 # in micro sec\n",
+      "T=T*10**-6 #in se\n",
+      "V_sat= 12 # in volt\n",
+      "V1= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V_D1= V \n",
+      "V_D2=V_D1 \n",
+      "C1= 0.1 # in microF\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "Bita1= 0.1 \n",
+      "# Formula T= R3*C1*log((1+V1/V_sat)/(1-Bita1))\n",
+      "R3= T/(C1*log((1+V1/V_sat)/(1-Bita1))) # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Value of R3 = %0.3f kohm (Standard value 6.8 kohm)\" %(R3*10**-3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of R3 = 6.171 kohm (Standard value 6.8 kohm)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..00e88ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-8 : Comparators And Converters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.2 - Page No 256"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "A= 92 # in dB\n",
+      "A= 10**(92.0/20) \n",
+      "V_CC= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "Vout= 30 # in volt\n",
+      "InputOffsetVoltage= 0 # in V\n",
+      "InputVoltage= Vout/A # in V\n",
+      "print \"Input Voltage = %0.4f mV\" %(InputVoltage*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input Voltage = 0.7536 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.3 - Page No "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 2 # in kohm\n",
+      "Rf= 390.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "V_sat= 12 # in V\n",
+      "Bita= R1/(R1+Rf) \n",
+      "UTP= Bita*V_sat # in volt\n",
+      "LTP= -Bita*V_sat # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Value of UTP = %0.1f mv\" %(UTP*10**3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of LTP = %0.1f mv\" %(LTP*10**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Note : In the book, there is an error to convert the value of UTP from volts to milli volts."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of UTP = 61.2 mv\n",
+        "Value of LTP = -61.2 mv\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.5 - Page No 260"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import exp\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "t=0 \n",
+      "Vc=0 \n",
+      "Vo=5 #in volt\n",
+      "# V1= 2*R/(2*R+3*R)= 2/5*Vo\n",
+      "# Vco= 1/5*VR +4/5*Vo = 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)\n",
+      "# Req= R||4*R= 4/5*R\n",
+      "# Vct= Vco*(1-%e**(-t/(Req*C)))= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**(-t/(4*R*C/5)))= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**(-1.25*t/(R*C)))\n",
+      "# T= 2*Rf*C*log(1+2*R3/R2)= 2*R*C*log(7/3)= 1.7*R*C\n",
+      "# t= T/2= .85*R*C, Hence\n",
+      "Vct=2 #in volt\n",
+      "# Vct= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**1.0625)\n",
+      "VR= Vct*5/(1-exp(-1.0625))-4*Vo \n",
+      "print \"Value of VR = %0.2f volt\" %VR"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of VR = -4.72 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.6 - Page No 260"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "from math import asin\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "omega= 200*pi # in radians/seconds\n",
+      "f=omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n",
+      "T=1/f # in sec\n",
+      "T=T*10**3 #in ms\n",
+      "Vin= 7 #in volt\n",
+      "t1= 1/omega*asin(6.0/Vin) # in sec\n",
+      "t1=t1*10**3 # in ms\n",
+      "# The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt\n",
+      "t1= T/2+t1 # in ms\n",
+      "# The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt\n",
+      "t2= 10-t1 # in ms\n",
+      "print \"The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt = %0.2f ms\" %t1\n",
+      "print \"The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt = %0.2f ms\" %t2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt = 6.64 ms\n",
+        "The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt = 3.36 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 44
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.7 - Page No 261"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 150 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 68.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Vin= 500 # in mv\n",
+      "V_sat= 14 #in volt\n",
+      "V_pos= R1/(R1+R2)*V_sat # in volt\n",
+      "V_UT= V_pos #in volt\n",
+      "# In the same way when output is -14 volts and starts increasing in negative direcition \n",
+      "V_sat=-14 #in volt\n",
+      "V_pos= R1*V_sat/(R1+R2) # in volt\n",
+      "V_LT= abs(V_pos) #in volt\n",
+      "print \"Value of V_UT = %0.4f volts\" %V_UT\n",
+      "print \"Value of V_LT = %0.4f volts\" %V_LT"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of V_UT = 0.0308 volts\n",
+        "Value of V_LT = 0.0308 volts\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 45
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.8 - Page No 262"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_UT= 5 # in V\n",
+      "V_LT= -5 # in V\n",
+      "V_sat= 10 # in V (Assume)\n",
+      "# V_UT= (R1/(R1+R2))*V_sat = 5\n",
+      "# V_LT= (-R1/(R1+R2))*V_sat = -5\n",
+      "# 10*R1/(R+R2)= 5\n",
+      "V_hy= V_UT-V_LT # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Hysteresis voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_hy"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Hysteresis voltage = 10 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 46
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.9 - Page No 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_REF= 10 # in V\n",
+      "V_REF= float(V_REF) # converting into float\n",
+      "MSB2= V_REF/2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The second MSB weight = %0.f volt\" %MSB2\n",
+      "MSB3= V_REF/4 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The third MSB weight = %0.1f volt\"%MSB3\n",
+      "MSB4= V_REF/8 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The forth MSB (or LSB) weight = %0.2f volt\" %MSB4\n",
+      "DAC= MSB4 \n",
+      "print \"The resolution of the DAC = %0.2f volt\" %DAC\n",
+      "FullScaleOutput= V_REF+MSB2+MSB3+MSB4 #in volt\n",
+      "print \"Full scale output = %0.2f volt\" %FullScaleOutput\n",
+      "print \"IF Rf is reduced to one-forth then the value of full scale output =\" ,round(FullScaleOutput/4,4),\" volt\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The second MSB weight = 5 volt\n",
+        "The third MSB weight = 2.5 volt\n",
+        "The forth MSB (or LSB) weight = 1.25 volt\n",
+        "The resolution of the DAC = 1.25 volt\n",
+        "Full scale output = 18.75 volt\n",
+        "IF Rf is reduced to one-forth then the value of full scale output = 4.6875  volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.10 - Page No 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_REF= -5 # in V\n",
+      "V_B= 0 # in volt\n",
+      "V_A= -5 # in volt\n",
+      "V_A= float(V_A) # converting into float\n",
+      "V_C=V_A \n",
+      "V_D=V_C \n",
+      "Vout= -1*(V_A+V_B/2+V_C/4+V_D/8) # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 6.875 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.11 - Page No 269"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Dn=16 # in volt\n",
+      "Dn= float (Dn) #converting into float\n",
+      "MSB1= Dn/2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The first MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB1\n",
+      "MSB2= Dn/4 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The second MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB2\n",
+      "MSB3= Dn/8 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The third MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB3\n",
+      "MSB4= Dn/16 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The forth MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB4\n",
+      "MSB5= Dn/32 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The fifth MSB output = %0.1f volt\" %MSB5\n",
+      "MSB6= Dn/64 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The sixth MSB (LSB) output = %0.2f volt\" %MSB6\n",
+      "resolution= MSB6 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The resolution = %0.2f volt\" %resolution\n",
+      "fullScaleOutput= MSB1+MSB2+MSB3+MSB4+MSB5+MSB6 \n",
+      "print \"Full scale output occurs for digital input of 111111 = %0.2f volt\" %fullScaleOutput\n",
+      "# For digital input 101011\n",
+      "D0=16 \n",
+      "D1=16 \n",
+      "D2=0 \n",
+      "D3=16 \n",
+      "D4=0 \n",
+      "D5=16 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Vout= float(D0*2**0 + D1*2**1 + D2*2**2 + D3*2**3 + D4*2**4 + D5*2**5)/2**6 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The voltage output for a digital input of 101011 = %0.2f volt\" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The first MSB output = 8 volt\n",
+        "The second MSB output = 4 volt\n",
+        "The third MSB output = 2 volt\n",
+        "The forth MSB output = 1 volt\n",
+        "The fifth MSB output = 0.5 volt\n",
+        "The sixth MSB (LSB) output = 0.25 volt\n",
+        "The resolution = 0.25 volt\n",
+        "Full scale output occurs for digital input of 111111 = 15.75 volt\n",
+        "The voltage output for a digital input of 101011 = 10.75 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.12 - Page No 269"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "# For the word 100100\n",
+      "N=6 # Number of bits\n",
+      "a5= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a4= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a3= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a2= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a1= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a0= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "Vo= 3.6 # in volt\n",
+      "# Formula Vo= (2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) * K\n",
+      "K= Vo/(2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) \n",
+      "# For the word 110011\n",
+      "N=6 # Number of bits\n",
+      "a5= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a4= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a3= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a2= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a1= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a0= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "Vo= (2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) * K # in volt\n",
+      "print \"(i) : The value of Vo for the word 110011 = %0.1f volt\" %Vo\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(ii)\n",
+      "# For the word 1010\n",
+      "N=4 # Number of bits\n",
+      "a3= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a2= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a1= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a0= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "VR= 6 # in volt\n",
+      "Vo= float(VR)/2**N*( 2**(N-1)*a3 + 2**(N-2)*a2 + 2**(N-3)*a1 + 2**(N-4)*a0  ) \n",
+      "print \"(ii) : Value of output voltage = %0.2f volt\" %Vo"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(i) : The value of Vo for the word 110011 = 5.1 volt\n",
+        "(ii) : Value of output voltage = 3.75 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.13 - Page No 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R=100 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "V_REF= 5 # in volt\n",
+      "t=0.2 # time taken to read an unknown voltage in second\n",
+      "T=R*C # in second\n",
+      "Vx= T/t*V_REF # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Unknown voltage = %0.1f volt\" %Vx"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown voltage = 2.5 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 44
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.14 - Page No 277\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=75 # in MHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "# For an 8-bit converter reference voltage\n",
+      "V_REF= 100 # in volt\n",
+      "# For setting D7=1\n",
+      "Vo_7= V_REF*2**7/2**8 #in volt\n",
+      "# For setting D6=1\n",
+      "Vo_6= V_REF*2**6/2**8 #in volt\n",
+      "# For setting D7=1 and D6=1\n",
+      "Vo_76= Vo_7+Vo_6 #in volt\n",
+      "# For setting D5=1 D6=1 and D7=1\n",
+      "Vo_5= float(V_REF*2**5)/2**8+Vo_7+Vo_6 #in volt\n",
+      "print \"For setting D7=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_7\n",
+      "print \"For setting D6=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_6\n",
+      "print \"For setting D7=1 and D6=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_76\n",
+      "print \"For setting D5=1, D6=1 and D7=1 output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %Vo_5\n",
+      "T=float(1.0/f) # in sec\n",
+      "print \"Conversion time = %0.1f ns\" %(T*10**9)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For setting D7=1 output voltage = 50 volt\n",
+        "For setting D6=1 output voltage = 25 volt\n",
+        "For setting D7=1 and D6=1 output voltage = 75 volt\n",
+        "For setting D5=1, D6=1 and D7=1 output voltage = 87.5 volt\n",
+        "Conversion time = 13.3 ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 49
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.15 - Page No 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=1 # in MHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "f= float(f) # converting into float\n",
+      "T=1/f # conversion time in sec\n",
+      "N=8 # number of bits\n",
+      "tc= N*T # in sec\n",
+      "print \"Time of Conversion = %0.f micro sec : \" %(tc*10**6)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time of Conversion = 8 micro sec : \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 52
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.16 - Page No 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 2 #in volt\n",
+      "Vout= 10 #in volt\n",
+      "R=100 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in  micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 #in F\n",
+      "# Formula Vout = -1/(R*C)*integrate('Vin','t',0,t) = -Vin*t/(R*C)\n",
+      "t= Vout*R*C/Vin # in sec\n",
+      "print \"Maximum time upto which the reference voltage can be integrated,\"\n",
+      "print  \"t =\",round(t,2),\"second =\",int(round(t*10**3)),\"ms\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum time upto which the reference voltage can be integrated,\n",
+        "t = 0.05 second = 50 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 69
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.17 - Page No 280"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in  nF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-9 #in F\n",
+      "V=5 #in V\n",
+      "t=1 # in micro S\n",
+      "t=t*10**-6 # in sec\n",
+      "# v= V*(1-%e**(-t/(R*C)))\n",
+      "# Since hold value does not drop by more than 0.5% or by 0.005 V, hold value is 0.995 V, Thus\n",
+      "# 0.995*V= V*(1-%e**(-t/(R*C)))\n",
+      "# or %e**(-t/(R*C))= 1-0.995 = 0.005\n",
+      "R= t/(C*math.log(1/0.005)) # in ohm\n",
+      "I= V/R*(1-exp(-t/(R*C))) # Maximum currnet through R in amphere\n",
+      "print \"Maximum permissible leakage current through the hold capacitor = %0.3f mA\" %(I*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum permissible leakage current through the hold capacitor = 2.636 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 48
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..00e88ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-8 : Comparators And Converters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.2 - Page No 256"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "A= 92 # in dB\n",
+      "A= 10**(92.0/20) \n",
+      "V_CC= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "Vout= 30 # in volt\n",
+      "InputOffsetVoltage= 0 # in V\n",
+      "InputVoltage= Vout/A # in V\n",
+      "print \"Input Voltage = %0.4f mV\" %(InputVoltage*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Input Voltage = 0.7536 mV\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.3 - Page No "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 2 # in kohm\n",
+      "Rf= 390.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "V_sat= 12 # in V\n",
+      "Bita= R1/(R1+Rf) \n",
+      "UTP= Bita*V_sat # in volt\n",
+      "LTP= -Bita*V_sat # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Value of UTP = %0.1f mv\" %(UTP*10**3)\n",
+      "print \"Value of LTP = %0.1f mv\" %(LTP*10**3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Note : In the book, there is an error to convert the value of UTP from volts to milli volts."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of UTP = 61.2 mv\n",
+        "Value of LTP = -61.2 mv\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.5 - Page No 260"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import exp\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "t=0 \n",
+      "Vc=0 \n",
+      "Vo=5 #in volt\n",
+      "# V1= 2*R/(2*R+3*R)= 2/5*Vo\n",
+      "# Vco= 1/5*VR +4/5*Vo = 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)\n",
+      "# Req= R||4*R= 4/5*R\n",
+      "# Vct= Vco*(1-%e**(-t/(Req*C)))= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**(-t/(4*R*C/5)))= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**(-1.25*t/(R*C)))\n",
+      "# T= 2*Rf*C*log(1+2*R3/R2)= 2*R*C*log(7/3)= 1.7*R*C\n",
+      "# t= T/2= .85*R*C, Hence\n",
+      "Vct=2 #in volt\n",
+      "# Vct= 1/5*(VR+4*Vo)*(1-%e**1.0625)\n",
+      "VR= Vct*5/(1-exp(-1.0625))-4*Vo \n",
+      "print \"Value of VR = %0.2f volt\" %VR"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of VR = -4.72 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.6 - Page No 260"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "from math import asin\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "omega= 200*pi # in radians/seconds\n",
+      "f=omega/(2*pi) # in Hz\n",
+      "T=1/f # in sec\n",
+      "T=T*10**3 #in ms\n",
+      "Vin= 7 #in volt\n",
+      "t1= 1/omega*asin(6.0/Vin) # in sec\n",
+      "t1=t1*10**3 # in ms\n",
+      "# The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt\n",
+      "t1= T/2+t1 # in ms\n",
+      "# The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt\n",
+      "t2= 10-t1 # in ms\n",
+      "print \"The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt = %0.2f ms\" %t1\n",
+      "print \"The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt = %0.2f ms\" %t2"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output of the schmitt trigger is at -10 volt = 6.64 ms\n",
+        "The output of the schmitt trigger is at +10 volt = 3.36 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 44
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.7 - Page No 261"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 150 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 68.0 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Vin= 500 # in mv\n",
+      "V_sat= 14 #in volt\n",
+      "V_pos= R1/(R1+R2)*V_sat # in volt\n",
+      "V_UT= V_pos #in volt\n",
+      "# In the same way when output is -14 volts and starts increasing in negative direcition \n",
+      "V_sat=-14 #in volt\n",
+      "V_pos= R1*V_sat/(R1+R2) # in volt\n",
+      "V_LT= abs(V_pos) #in volt\n",
+      "print \"Value of V_UT = %0.4f volts\" %V_UT\n",
+      "print \"Value of V_LT = %0.4f volts\" %V_LT"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Value of V_UT = 0.0308 volts\n",
+        "Value of V_LT = 0.0308 volts\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 45
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.8 - Page No 262"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_UT= 5 # in V\n",
+      "V_LT= -5 # in V\n",
+      "V_sat= 10 # in V (Assume)\n",
+      "# V_UT= (R1/(R1+R2))*V_sat = 5\n",
+      "# V_LT= (-R1/(R1+R2))*V_sat = -5\n",
+      "# 10*R1/(R+R2)= 5\n",
+      "V_hy= V_UT-V_LT # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Hysteresis voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_hy"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Hysteresis voltage = 10 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 46
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.9 - Page No 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_REF= 10 # in V\n",
+      "V_REF= float(V_REF) # converting into float\n",
+      "MSB2= V_REF/2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The second MSB weight = %0.f volt\" %MSB2\n",
+      "MSB3= V_REF/4 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The third MSB weight = %0.1f volt\"%MSB3\n",
+      "MSB4= V_REF/8 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The forth MSB (or LSB) weight = %0.2f volt\" %MSB4\n",
+      "DAC= MSB4 \n",
+      "print \"The resolution of the DAC = %0.2f volt\" %DAC\n",
+      "FullScaleOutput= V_REF+MSB2+MSB3+MSB4 #in volt\n",
+      "print \"Full scale output = %0.2f volt\" %FullScaleOutput\n",
+      "print \"IF Rf is reduced to one-forth then the value of full scale output =\" ,round(FullScaleOutput/4,4),\" volt\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The second MSB weight = 5 volt\n",
+        "The third MSB weight = 2.5 volt\n",
+        "The forth MSB (or LSB) weight = 1.25 volt\n",
+        "The resolution of the DAC = 1.25 volt\n",
+        "Full scale output = 18.75 volt\n",
+        "IF Rf is reduced to one-forth then the value of full scale output = 4.6875  volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.10 - Page No 268"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_REF= -5 # in V\n",
+      "V_B= 0 # in volt\n",
+      "V_A= -5 # in volt\n",
+      "V_A= float(V_A) # converting into float\n",
+      "V_C=V_A \n",
+      "V_D=V_C \n",
+      "Vout= -1*(V_A+V_B/2+V_C/4+V_D/8) # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 6.875 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.11 - Page No 269"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Dn=16 # in volt\n",
+      "Dn= float (Dn) #converting into float\n",
+      "MSB1= Dn/2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The first MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB1\n",
+      "MSB2= Dn/4 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The second MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB2\n",
+      "MSB3= Dn/8 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The third MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB3\n",
+      "MSB4= Dn/16 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The forth MSB output = %0.f volt\" %MSB4\n",
+      "MSB5= Dn/32 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The fifth MSB output = %0.1f volt\" %MSB5\n",
+      "MSB6= Dn/64 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The sixth MSB (LSB) output = %0.2f volt\" %MSB6\n",
+      "resolution= MSB6 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The resolution = %0.2f volt\" %resolution\n",
+      "fullScaleOutput= MSB1+MSB2+MSB3+MSB4+MSB5+MSB6 \n",
+      "print \"Full scale output occurs for digital input of 111111 = %0.2f volt\" %fullScaleOutput\n",
+      "# For digital input 101011\n",
+      "D0=16 \n",
+      "D1=16 \n",
+      "D2=0 \n",
+      "D3=16 \n",
+      "D4=0 \n",
+      "D5=16 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Vout= float(D0*2**0 + D1*2**1 + D2*2**2 + D3*2**3 + D4*2**4 + D5*2**5)/2**6 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"The voltage output for a digital input of 101011 = %0.2f volt\" %Vout"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The first MSB output = 8 volt\n",
+        "The second MSB output = 4 volt\n",
+        "The third MSB output = 2 volt\n",
+        "The forth MSB output = 1 volt\n",
+        "The fifth MSB output = 0.5 volt\n",
+        "The sixth MSB (LSB) output = 0.25 volt\n",
+        "The resolution = 0.25 volt\n",
+        "Full scale output occurs for digital input of 111111 = 15.75 volt\n",
+        "The voltage output for a digital input of 101011 = 10.75 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.12 - Page No 269"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "# For the word 100100\n",
+      "N=6 # Number of bits\n",
+      "a5= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a4= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a3= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a2= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a1= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a0= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "Vo= 3.6 # in volt\n",
+      "# Formula Vo= (2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) * K\n",
+      "K= Vo/(2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) \n",
+      "# For the word 110011\n",
+      "N=6 # Number of bits\n",
+      "a5= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a4= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a3= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a2= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a1= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a0= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "Vo= (2**(N-1)*a5 + 2**(N-2)*a4 + 2**(N-3)*a3 + 2**(N-4)*a2 + 2**(N-5)*a1 + 2**(N-6)*a0 ) * K # in volt\n",
+      "print \"(i) : The value of Vo for the word 110011 = %0.1f volt\" %Vo\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# Part(ii)\n",
+      "# For the word 1010\n",
+      "N=4 # Number of bits\n",
+      "a3= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a2= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a1= 1 # Value of bits\n",
+      "a0= 0 # Value of bits\n",
+      "VR= 6 # in volt\n",
+      "Vo= float(VR)/2**N*( 2**(N-1)*a3 + 2**(N-2)*a2 + 2**(N-3)*a1 + 2**(N-4)*a0  ) \n",
+      "print \"(ii) : Value of output voltage = %0.2f volt\" %Vo"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(i) : The value of Vo for the word 110011 = 5.1 volt\n",
+        "(ii) : Value of output voltage = 3.75 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.13 - Page No 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R=100 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C= 1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in F\n",
+      "V_REF= 5 # in volt\n",
+      "t=0.2 # time taken to read an unknown voltage in second\n",
+      "T=R*C # in second\n",
+      "Vx= T/t*V_REF # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Unknown voltage = %0.1f volt\" %Vx"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Unknown voltage = 2.5 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 44
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.14 - Page No 277\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=75 # in MHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "# For an 8-bit converter reference voltage\n",
+      "V_REF= 100 # in volt\n",
+      "# For setting D7=1\n",
+      "Vo_7= V_REF*2**7/2**8 #in volt\n",
+      "# For setting D6=1\n",
+      "Vo_6= V_REF*2**6/2**8 #in volt\n",
+      "# For setting D7=1 and D6=1\n",
+      "Vo_76= Vo_7+Vo_6 #in volt\n",
+      "# For setting D5=1 D6=1 and D7=1\n",
+      "Vo_5= float(V_REF*2**5)/2**8+Vo_7+Vo_6 #in volt\n",
+      "print \"For setting D7=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_7\n",
+      "print \"For setting D6=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_6\n",
+      "print \"For setting D7=1 and D6=1 output voltage = %0.f volt\" %Vo_76\n",
+      "print \"For setting D5=1, D6=1 and D7=1 output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %Vo_5\n",
+      "T=float(1.0/f) # in sec\n",
+      "print \"Conversion time = %0.1f ns\" %(T*10**9)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "For setting D7=1 output voltage = 50 volt\n",
+        "For setting D6=1 output voltage = 25 volt\n",
+        "For setting D7=1 and D6=1 output voltage = 75 volt\n",
+        "For setting D5=1, D6=1 and D7=1 output voltage = 87.5 volt\n",
+        "Conversion time = 13.3 ns\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 49
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.15 - Page No 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=1 # in MHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**6 # in Hz\n",
+      "f= float(f) # converting into float\n",
+      "T=1/f # conversion time in sec\n",
+      "N=8 # number of bits\n",
+      "tc= N*T # in sec\n",
+      "print \"Time of Conversion = %0.f micro sec : \" %(tc*10**6)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Time of Conversion = 8 micro sec : \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 52
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.16 - Page No 277"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "Vin= 2 #in volt\n",
+      "Vout= 10 #in volt\n",
+      "R=100 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in  micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 #in F\n",
+      "# Formula Vout = -1/(R*C)*integrate('Vin','t',0,t) = -Vin*t/(R*C)\n",
+      "t= Vout*R*C/Vin # in sec\n",
+      "print \"Maximum time upto which the reference voltage can be integrated,\"\n",
+      "print  \"t =\",round(t,2),\"second =\",int(round(t*10**3)),\"ms\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum time upto which the reference voltage can be integrated,\n",
+        "t = 0.05 second = 50 ms\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 69
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 8.17 - Page No 280"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=0.1 # in  nF\n",
+      "C=C*10**-9 #in F\n",
+      "V=5 #in V\n",
+      "t=1 # in micro S\n",
+      "t=t*10**-6 # in sec\n",
+      "# v= V*(1-%e**(-t/(R*C)))\n",
+      "# Since hold value does not drop by more than 0.5% or by 0.005 V, hold value is 0.995 V, Thus\n",
+      "# 0.995*V= V*(1-%e**(-t/(R*C)))\n",
+      "# or %e**(-t/(R*C))= 1-0.995 = 0.005\n",
+      "R= t/(C*math.log(1/0.005)) # in ohm\n",
+      "I= V/R*(1-exp(-t/(R*C))) # Maximum currnet through R in amphere\n",
+      "print \"Maximum permissible leakage current through the hold capacitor = %0.3f mA\" %(I*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Maximum permissible leakage current through the hold capacitor = 2.636 mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 48
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6159910d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-9 : The 555 IC Timer"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.1 - Page No 295"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R_A= 2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_B= 100 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_B=R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "T_High= 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C # in seconds\n",
+      "T_Low= 0.693*R_B*C # in seconds\n",
+      "T=T_High+T_Low # in seconds\n",
+      "f=1/T # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of oscillations = %0.1f Hz\" %f\n",
+      "DutyCycle= T_High/T*100 # in percent\n",
+      "print \"Duty cycle = %0.1f %%\" %DutyCycle "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of oscillations = 714.4 Hz\n",
+        "Duty cycle = 50.5 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.2 - Page No 295\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "C1=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R_A=4.7 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_B=1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_B=R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "T_on= 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C # in seconds\n",
+      "T_on=T_on*10**3 # in ms\n",
+      "print \"Positive pulse width = %0.2f mili seconds\" %T_on\n",
+      "T_off= 0.693*R_B*C # in seconds\n",
+      "T_off=T_off*10**3 # in ms\n",
+      "print \"Negative pulse width = %0.3f mili seconds\" %T_off\n",
+      "f=1.4/((R_A+2*R_B)*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Free running Frequency = %0.f Hz\" %f\n",
+      "DutyCycle= (R_A+R_B)/(R_A+2*R_B)*100# in percent\n",
+      "print \"Duty cycle = %0.f %%\" %DutyCycle"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Positive pulse width = 3.95 mili seconds\n",
+        "Negative pulse width = 0.693 mili seconds\n",
+        "Free running Frequency = 209 Hz\n",
+        "Duty cycle = 85 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.3 - Page No 296\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "f=1 # in kHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "# R_A= R_B\n",
+      "# T_on = T_off = T/2\n",
+      "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n",
+      "R_A= 1.44/(2*f*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_B= R_A \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The value of required resistors =\",int(round(R_A)),\"k ohm (68 ohm standart value)\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of required resistors = 72 k ohm (68 ohm standart value)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.4 - Page No 296\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=700 # in Hz\n",
+      "# R_A= R_B\n",
+      "# T_on = T_off = T/2\n",
+      "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F  (assumed value)\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R_A= 1.44/(2*f*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_A=int(round(R_A) )\n",
+      "R_B= R_A \n",
+      "print \"The value of required resistors   =\",(R_A),\"k ohm (100 ohm standart value)\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of required resistors   = 103 k ohm (100 ohm standart value)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.5 - Page No 296\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=800 # in Hz\n",
+      "D=60 # in percent\n",
+      "# Formula D= (R_A+R_B)/(R_A+2*R_B)*100 = 60\n",
+      "# R_A + R_B = 0.6*R_A + 1.2*R_B\n",
+      "# R_B= 2*R_A\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F  (assumed value)\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n",
+      "R_A= 1.44/(5*C*f) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_B=2*R_A # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of C   = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"The value of R_A = %0.f kohm\" %R_A\n",
+      "print \"The value of R_B = %0.f kohm\" %R_B\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of C   = 0.01 micro F\n",
+        "The value of R_A = 36 kohm\n",
+        "The value of R_B = 72 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.6 - Page No 297\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=.05 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R= 12 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_CC= 5 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V_D1= V_BE # in volt\n",
+      "I_C= (V_CC-V_BE)/R # in A\n",
+      "f_o= (3*I_C)/(V_CC*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "f_o=f_o*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of free running ramp generator circuit = %0.1f kHz\" %f_o"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of free running ramp generator circuit = 4.3 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.7 - Page No 300\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R_A= 20 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "PulseWidth= 1.1*R_A*C # in seconds\n",
+      "print \"The output pulse width = %0.1f mili seconds\" %(PulseWidth*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output pulse width = 2.2 mili seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.9 - Page No 300\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=.02 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "f=2 # frequency of the outpur trigger in kHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "T=1/f # in seconds\n",
+      "# In a divide-by-5 circuit , n=5, so the pulse width, t_p= [0.2 + (n-1)]*T = [0.2 + (5-1)]*T = 4.2*T\n",
+      "t_p=4.2*T # in soconds\n",
+      "# Formula t_p = 1.1*R_A*C\n",
+      "R_A= t_p/(1.1*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of R_A = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 100 kohm)\" %R_A"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R_A = 95.45 k ohm (Standard value 100 kohm)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6159910d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-9 : The 555 IC Timer"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.1 - Page No 295"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R_A= 2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_B= 100 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_B=R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "T_High= 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C # in seconds\n",
+      "T_Low= 0.693*R_B*C # in seconds\n",
+      "T=T_High+T_Low # in seconds\n",
+      "f=1/T # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of oscillations = %0.1f Hz\" %f\n",
+      "DutyCycle= T_High/T*100 # in percent\n",
+      "print \"Duty cycle = %0.1f %%\" %DutyCycle "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of oscillations = 714.4 Hz\n",
+        "Duty cycle = 50.5 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.2 - Page No 295\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "C1=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R_A=4.7 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_B=1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R_B=R_B*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "T_on= 0.693*(R_A+R_B)*C # in seconds\n",
+      "T_on=T_on*10**3 # in ms\n",
+      "print \"Positive pulse width = %0.2f mili seconds\" %T_on\n",
+      "T_off= 0.693*R_B*C # in seconds\n",
+      "T_off=T_off*10**3 # in ms\n",
+      "print \"Negative pulse width = %0.3f mili seconds\" %T_off\n",
+      "f=1.4/((R_A+2*R_B)*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Free running Frequency = %0.f Hz\" %f\n",
+      "DutyCycle= (R_A+R_B)/(R_A+2*R_B)*100# in percent\n",
+      "print \"Duty cycle = %0.f %%\" %DutyCycle"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Positive pulse width = 3.95 mili seconds\n",
+        "Negative pulse width = 0.693 mili seconds\n",
+        "Free running Frequency = 209 Hz\n",
+        "Duty cycle = 85 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.3 - Page No 296\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "f=1 # in kHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "# R_A= R_B\n",
+      "# T_on = T_off = T/2\n",
+      "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n",
+      "R_A= 1.44/(2*f*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_B= R_A \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print \"The value of required resistors =\",int(round(R_A)),\"k ohm (68 ohm standart value)\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of required resistors = 72 k ohm (68 ohm standart value)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.4 - Page No 296\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=700 # in Hz\n",
+      "# R_A= R_B\n",
+      "# T_on = T_off = T/2\n",
+      "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F  (assumed value)\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R_A= 1.44/(2*f*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R_A=int(round(R_A) )\n",
+      "R_B= R_A \n",
+      "print \"The value of required resistors   =\",(R_A),\"k ohm (100 ohm standart value)\" "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of required resistors   = 103 k ohm (100 ohm standart value)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.5 - Page No 296\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "f=800 # in Hz\n",
+      "D=60 # in percent\n",
+      "# Formula D= (R_A+R_B)/(R_A+2*R_B)*100 = 60\n",
+      "# R_A + R_B = 0.6*R_A + 1.2*R_B\n",
+      "# R_B= 2*R_A\n",
+      "C=0.01 # in micro F  (assumed value)\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "# Frequency is given by equation f= 1.44/((R_A+R_B)*C)\n",
+      "R_A= 1.44/(5*C*f) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_B=2*R_A # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of C   = %0.2f micro F\" %(C*10**6)\n",
+      "print \"The value of R_A = %0.f kohm\" %R_A\n",
+      "print \"The value of R_B = %0.f kohm\" %R_B\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of C   = 0.01 micro F\n",
+        "The value of R_A = 36 kohm\n",
+        "The value of R_B = 72 kohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.6 - Page No 297\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=.05 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R= 12 # in kohm\n",
+      "R=R*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_CC= 5 # in volt\n",
+      "V_BE= 0.7 # in volt\n",
+      "V_D1= V_BE # in volt\n",
+      "I_C= (V_CC-V_BE)/R # in A\n",
+      "f_o= (3*I_C)/(V_CC*C) # in Hz\n",
+      "f_o=f_o*10**-3 # in kHz\n",
+      "print \"Frequency of free running ramp generator circuit = %0.1f kHz\" %f_o"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Frequency of free running ramp generator circuit = 4.3 kHz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.7 - Page No 300\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=.1 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "R_A= 20 # in kohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "PulseWidth= 1.1*R_A*C # in seconds\n",
+      "print \"The output pulse width = %0.1f mili seconds\" %(PulseWidth*10**3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The output pulse width = 2.2 mili seconds\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 9.9 - Page No 300\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "C=.02 # in micro F\n",
+      "C=C*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "f=2 # frequency of the outpur trigger in kHz\n",
+      "f=f*10**3 # in Hz\n",
+      "T=1/f # in seconds\n",
+      "# In a divide-by-5 circuit , n=5, so the pulse width, t_p= [0.2 + (n-1)]*T = [0.2 + (5-1)]*T = 4.2*T\n",
+      "t_p=4.2*T # in soconds\n",
+      "# Formula t_p = 1.1*R_A*C\n",
+      "R_A= t_p/(1.1*C) # in ohm\n",
+      "R_A=R_A*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "print \"The value of R_A = %0.2f k ohm (Standard value 100 kohm)\" %R_A"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The value of R_A = 95.45 k ohm (Standard value 100 kohm)\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..0aaf0dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-10 : Phase-Locked Loops (PLL)"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 10.1 - Page No 310"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "from fractions import Fraction \n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_pos= 12 # in volt\n",
+      "V_Neg= -12 # in volt\n",
+      "V=V_pos-V_Neg \n",
+      "R1=15 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C1=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "C2=10 # in micro F\n",
+      "C2=C2*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "# (i)\n",
+      "f_out= 1.2/(4*R1*C1) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Free running frequency = %0.f kHz\" %(f_out*10**-3)\n",
+      "# (ii)\n",
+      "f_L= (8*f_out)/V # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Lock range = \u00b1\" ,Fraction(f_L*10**-3).limit_denominator(100),\"kHz\"\n",
+      "f_C= sqrt(f_L/(2*pi*3.6*10**3*C2)) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Capture range =\u00b1 %0.2f Hz\" %f_C"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Free running frequency = 2 kHz\n",
+        "Lock range = \u00b1 2/3 kHz\n",
+        "Capture range =\u00b1 54.29 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..0aaf0dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter-10 : Phase-Locked Loops (PLL)"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 10.1 - Page No 310"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "from numpy import pi\n",
+      "from fractions import Fraction \n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "V_pos= 12 # in volt\n",
+      "V_Neg= -12 # in volt\n",
+      "V=V_pos-V_Neg \n",
+      "R1=15 # in k ohm\n",
+      "R1=R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "C1=0.01 # in micro F\n",
+      "C1=C1*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "C2=10 # in micro F\n",
+      "C2=C2*10**-6 # in  F\n",
+      "# (i)\n",
+      "f_out= 1.2/(4*R1*C1) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Free running frequency = %0.f kHz\" %(f_out*10**-3)\n",
+      "# (ii)\n",
+      "f_L= (8*f_out)/V # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Lock range = \u00b1\" ,Fraction(f_L*10**-3).limit_denominator(100),\"kHz\"\n",
+      "f_C= sqrt(f_L/(2*pi*3.6*10**3*C2)) # in Hz\n",
+      "print \"Capture range =\u00b1 %0.2f Hz\" %f_C"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Free running frequency = 2 kHz\n",
+        "Lock range = \u00b1 2/3 kHz\n",
+        "Capture range =\u00b1 54.29 Hz\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_1.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..9008b311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter- 11 : Voltage Regulators"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.1 - Page No 337\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "I_dc=300 # in mA\n",
+      "C=200 # in micro F\n",
+      "V_max= 24 # in volt\n",
+      "V_r_rms= 2.4*I_dc/C # in volt\n",
+      "V_r_peak= sqrt(3)*V_r_rms # in volt\n",
+      "V_dc= V_max-V_r_peak # in volt\n",
+      "V_in_low= V_max-V_r_peak # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Minimum input voltage = %0.2f volt\" %V_in_low"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum input voltage = 17.76 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.2 - Page No 337\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "I_L= 0.5 # in amp\n",
+      "R_L=25 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_R=12 # in volt (since using 7812 voltage regulator)\n",
+      "V_L= I_L*R_L \n",
+      "R=V_R/I_L # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance required = %0.f ohm\" %R\n",
+      "V_out= V_R+V_L # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_out\n",
+      "V_in= V_out+2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Input voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_in"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance required = 24 ohm\n",
+        "Output voltage = 24.5 volt\n",
+        "Input voltage = 26.5 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.3 - Page No 337\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 240 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 1.2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_out= 1.25*(1+R2/R1) # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Regulated output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Regulated output voltage = 7.5 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.4 - Page No 337\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 40 # in ohm\n",
+      "I_Q= 10 # in mA\n",
+      "I_Q=I_Q*10**-3 # in amp\n",
+      "V_REF= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "# When R2 is set at minimum i.e.\n",
+      "R2= 0 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_out= (1+R2/R1)*V_REF + I_Q*R2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Minimum output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out\n",
+      "# When R2 is set at maximum i.e.\n",
+      "R2= 200 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_out= (1+R2/R1)*V_REF + I_Q*R2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Minimum output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum output voltage = 15 volt\n",
+        "Minimum output voltage = 92 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.5 - Page No 350\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 2.5 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1= R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2= R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_REF= 1.25 # in volt\n",
+      "I= V_REF/R2 # in amp\n",
+      "# This current also flows through R1. So the output voltage\n",
+      "V_out= I*(R1+R2) # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %V_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 4.375 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.6 - Page No 350\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1= R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2= R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_REF= 1.25 # in volt\n",
+      "V_in=20 # in volt\n",
+      "V_out= V_REF*(R1+R2)/R2 # in volt\n",
+      "D=V_out/V_in*100 # in percent\n",
+      "print \"Duty cycle = %0.f %%\" %D"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Duty cycle = 25 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_2.ipynb b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..9008b311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter- 11 : Voltage Regulators"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.1 - Page No 337\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from math import sqrt\n",
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "I_dc=300 # in mA\n",
+      "C=200 # in micro F\n",
+      "V_max= 24 # in volt\n",
+      "V_r_rms= 2.4*I_dc/C # in volt\n",
+      "V_r_peak= sqrt(3)*V_r_rms # in volt\n",
+      "V_dc= V_max-V_r_peak # in volt\n",
+      "V_in_low= V_max-V_r_peak # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Minimum input voltage = %0.2f volt\" %V_in_low"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum input voltage = 17.76 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.2 - Page No 337\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "I_L= 0.5 # in amp\n",
+      "R_L=25 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_R=12 # in volt (since using 7812 voltage regulator)\n",
+      "V_L= I_L*R_L \n",
+      "R=V_R/I_L # in ohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance required = %0.f ohm\" %R\n",
+      "V_out= V_R+V_L # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_out\n",
+      "V_in= V_out+2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Input voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_in"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance required = 24 ohm\n",
+        "Output voltage = 24.5 volt\n",
+        "Input voltage = 26.5 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.3 - Page No 337\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 240 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 1.2 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2=R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_out= 1.25*(1+R2/R1) # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Regulated output voltage = %0.1f volt\" %V_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Regulated output voltage = 7.5 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.4 - Page No 337\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 40 # in ohm\n",
+      "I_Q= 10 # in mA\n",
+      "I_Q=I_Q*10**-3 # in amp\n",
+      "V_REF= 15 # in volt\n",
+      "# When R2 is set at minimum i.e.\n",
+      "R2= 0 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_out= (1+R2/R1)*V_REF + I_Q*R2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Minimum output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out\n",
+      "# When R2 is set at maximum i.e.\n",
+      "R2= 200 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_out= (1+R2/R1)*V_REF + I_Q*R2 # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Minimum output voltage = %0.f volt\" %V_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Minimum output voltage = 15 volt\n",
+        "Minimum output voltage = 92 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.5 - Page No 350\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 2.5 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1= R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2= R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_REF= 1.25 # in volt\n",
+      "I= V_REF/R2 # in amp\n",
+      "# This current also flows through R1. So the output voltage\n",
+      "V_out= I*(R1+R2) # in volt\n",
+      "print \"Output voltage = %0.3f volt\" %V_out"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Output voltage = 4.375 volt\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example : 11.6 - Page No 350\n",
+      "    "
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Given data\n",
+      "R1= 3 # in kohm\n",
+      "R1= R1*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "R2= 1 # in kohm\n",
+      "R2= R2*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "V_REF= 1.25 # in volt\n",
+      "V_in=20 # in volt\n",
+      "V_out= V_REF*(R1+R2)/R2 # in volt\n",
+      "D=V_out/V_in*100 # in percent\n",
+      "print \"Duty cycle = %0.f %%\" %D"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Duty cycle = 25 %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14.png b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6a409ab7
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+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14.png
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14_1.png b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14_1.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6a409ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14_1.png
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15.png b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..9213c938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15.png
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15_1.png b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15_1.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..9213c938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15_1.png
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_1.png b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_1.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..0967671c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_1.png
diff --git a/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_2.png b/Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_2.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..0967671c
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author	FOSSEE SysAds	2015-12-08 15:04:13 +0600
committer	FOSSEE SysAds	2015-12-08 15:04:13 +0600
commit	534e42c1dee8fefa92f28d4496f273f8c6e4bd94 (patch)
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parent	3ed3fb328a5f4530eec6591d0ca6fe99c69b1013 (diff)
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