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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "Chapter_2"
+ }, 
+ "nbformat": 2, 
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h1>Chapter 2: Pressure<h1>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.1, Page Number: 116<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''Pressure conversion'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#(a)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "#1kg/cm^2=10000 mmWG", 
+      "x=10000.0*10.0            #equivalnt to 10kg/cm^2", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('(a)\\n 10kg/cm^2 = %.0f mmWG' %x)", 
+      "", 
+      "#(b)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "onemm_Hg=13.546                #pressure  of 1 mm Hg", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "y=10.0**5/onemm_Hg", 
+      "y=y/10.0**3", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n(b)\\n10kg/cm^2 = 10^5 mmWG = %.2f * 10^3 mmHg' %y)", 
+      "", 
+      "#(c)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "onebar=1.03                   # 1 Bar presssure in kg/cm^2", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "z=10.0/onebar", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n(c)\\n10kg/cm^2 = %.2f bars' %z)"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "(a)", 
+        " 10kg/cm^2 = 100000 mmWG", 
+        "", 
+        "(b)", 
+        "10kg/cm^2 = 10^5 mmWG = 7.38 * 10^3 mmHg", 
+        "", 
+        "(c)", 
+        "10kg/cm^2 = 9.71 bars"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.2, Page Number: 116<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''Gauge and absolute pressure'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#(a)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable Declaration", 
+      "gamm=1000.0               # density of water", 
+      "d=35.0                    # depth of water ", 
+      "dens_Hg=13.546            # density of Hg", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "press_in_kg_cm=gamm*d*10**-4", 
+      "press_in_mmHg=gamm*d/dens_Hg", 
+      "press_in_mmHg=press_in_mmHg/10**3", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('(a)\\nThe pressure at depth of %d meters in a water tank=%.1f kg/cm^2 = %.2f*10^3 mmHg'%(d, press_in_kg_cm, press_in_mmHg))", 
+      "", 
+      "#(b)", 
+      "", 
+      "#varible declaration", 
+      "press_atm=1.03            #atmospheric pressure", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "abspress=press_in_kg_cm+press_atm", 
+      "abspress_mmHg=press_in_mmHg*1000.0+760.0", 
+      "abspress_mmHg=abspress_mmHg/1000.0", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n(b)\\nAbsolute Pressure= %.2f kg/cm^2 Abs = %.2f*10^3 mmHg Abs'%(abspress, abspress_mmHg))"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "(a)", 
+        "The pressure at depth of 35 meters in a water tank=3.5 kg/cm^2 = 2.58*10^3 mmHg", 
+        "", 
+        "(b)", 
+        "Absolute Pressure= 4.53 kg/cm^2 Abs = 3.34*10^3 mmHg Abs"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.3, Page Number:116<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "''' Gauge and absolute pressure'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#varible declaration", 
+      "egp=260.0                  # equivalent gauge pressure", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "abspress=760.0-egp", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('Absolute Presssure = %d mmHg' %abspress)"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "Absolute Presssure = 500 mmHg"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.4,Page Number:117<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''pressure measurement using U tube manometer'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#(a)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "p_diff=500.0                #pressure difference in mmHg", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculations", 
+      "pdiff=p_diff*13.546/10000", 
+      "", 
+      "#Result", 
+      "print('(a)\\np1-p2 = %.3f kg/cm^2' %pdiff)", 
+      "", 
+      "", 
+      "#(b)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "p1=6770.0                  # Gauge pressure in mmWG", 
+      "p_atm=10300.0              # atmospheric pressure ", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "abs_p1=p1+p_atm", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n(b)If p2 is open to atmosphere:\\nAbsolute Pressure P1 = %d mmWG abs.' %abs_p1)", 
+      "", 
+      "#(c)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "P1=500.0                 #mmHg absolute pressure", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculations", 
+      "P1_gauge=P1-760.0", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n(c)If p2 is evacuated and sealed:\\np1= %d mmHg gauge Pressure' %P1_gauge)"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "(a)", 
+        "p1-p2 = 0.677 kg/cm^2", 
+        "", 
+        "(b)If p2 is open to atmosphere:", 
+        "Absolute Pressure P1 = 17070 mmWG abs.", 
+        "", 
+        "(c)If p2 is evacuated and sealed:", 
+        "p1= -260 mmHg gauge Pressure"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.5, Page Number: 117<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''Specific Gravity and weight density'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "spe_grav_water=1.0             # specific gravity of water", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "spe_grav_X=spe_grav_water*100.0/50.0", 
+      "wt_dens_water=1000.0", 
+      "wt_dens_X=wt_dens_water*2.0", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('Weight Density of X = %d kg/m^3' %wt_dens_X)"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "Weight Density of X = 2000 kg/m^3"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.6, Page Number: 117<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''water flow rate using mercury manometer'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "A=1.0/20.0                      # Area ratio", 
+      "p_diff=1500.0                   # pressure difference in mmWG", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('(a)\\nAs Delta_h=A2/A1*h << h and normally negligible for well type manometer')", 
+      "print('hence, p1-p2 = h = %d =111 mmHg' %p_diff)", 
+      "print('\\n(b)\\nh measured above the oriinal reference will be half of H, i.e. 111/2=55.5 mmHg')", 
+      "print('(Since area of both legs are same)')"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "(a)", 
+        "As Delta_h=A2/A1*h << h and normally negligible for well type manometer", 
+        "hence, p1-p2 = h = 1500 =111 mmHg", 
+        "", 
+        "(b)", 
+        "h measured above the oriinal reference will be half of H, i.e. 111/2=55.5 mmHg", 
+        "(Since area of both legs are same)"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.7, Page Number: 119<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''readings and errors in Bourdon gauge reading'''", 
+      "", 
+      "print('1 kg/cm^2 = 10 mWG\\n')", 
+      "", 
+      "#(a)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "press=10+2              #pressure read by the gauge", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n(a)Bourdon Gauge is mounted 20 meters below water line:')", 
+      "print('\\nPressure read by the Gauge = %d kg/cm^2'%press)", 
+      "", 
+      "", 
+      "#(b)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "press2=10-3            #pressure read by the gauge", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n\\n(b)Bourdon Gauge is located 30 meters above the water line:')", 
+      "print('\\nPressure read by the Gauge = %d kg/cm^2'%press2)"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "1 kg/cm^2 = 10 mWG", 
+        "", 
+        "", 
+        "(a)Bourdon Gauge is mounted 20 meters below water line:", 
+        "", 
+        "Pressure read by the Gauge = 12 kg/cm^2", 
+        "", 
+        "", 
+        "(b)Bourdon Gauge is located 30 meters above the water line:", 
+        "", 
+        "Pressure read by the Gauge = 7 kg/cm^2"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.8, Page Number: 120<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''Specific Gravity and density of liquid'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#Variable declaration", 
+      "dens_water=1000.0                 # water Density", 
+      "h1=125.0                          # height1 mm", 
+      "h2=250.0                          # height2 mm", 
+      "d2=h1*dens_water/h2", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "", 
+      "#a", 
+      "print('(a)\\nDensity of Liquid = %d kg/m^3' %d2)", 
+      "print('\\nSpecific Density of the liquid = %.1f' %(h1/h2))", 
+      "", 
+      "#(b)", 
+      "print('\\n\\n(b)\\nIf Values of water and liquid interchanged:\\n')", 
+      "d3=h2*dens_water/h1", 
+      "print('\\nDensity of Liquid = %d kg/m^3' %d3)", 
+      "print('\\nSpecific Density of the liquid = %.1f' %(h2/h1))"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "(a)", 
+        "Density of Liquid = 500 kg/m^3", 
+        "", 
+        "Specific Density of the liquid = 0.5", 
+        "", 
+        "", 
+        "(b)", 
+        "If Values of water and liquid interchanged:", 
+        "", 
+        "", 
+        "Density of Liquid = 2000 kg/m^3", 
+        "", 
+        "Specific Density of the liquid = 2.0"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.9, Page Number: 120<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''strain gauge wire length and cross section area'''", 
+      "", 
+      "import math", 
+      "#variable Declaration", 
+      "R=120.0                        #resistance", 
+      "l=122.0                        #length", 
+      "a=0.1                          #area", 
+      "R1=140.0                       #resistance in ohm", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "rho=R*a/l", 
+      "l1=math.sqrt(R1*a*l/rho)", 
+      "l1=round(l1,0)", 
+      "", 
+      "#Result", 
+      "print('Length l1 = %d meters' %l1)", 
+      "A1=a*l/l1", 
+      "print('\\nArea A1 = %.4f mm^2' %A1)"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "Length l1 = 132 meters", 
+        "", 
+        "Area A1 = 0.0924 mm^2"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.10, Page Number: 121<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''Capacitance calculation for variable dielectric'''", 
+      "", 
+      "c=0.57                   #Constant", 
+      "", 
+      "#(a)", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable declaration", 
+      "d=0.1                    #distance between plates", 
+      "di1=100.0                #Dielectric constant", 
+      "di2=1000.0               #Dielectric constant", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "c1=c*di1*10.0/d", 
+      "c1=round(c1,0)", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('(a)\\nC1=%d pf' %c1)", 
+      "", 
+      "", 
+      "#(b)", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "c2=c*di2*10/d", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n(b)\\nC2=%d pf' %c2)", 
+      "", 
+      "", 
+      "#(c)", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "ds=0.09", 
+      "c11=c*di1*10/ds", 
+      "c12=c*di2*10/ds", 
+      "", 
+      "#result", 
+      "print('\\n(c)\\nC1 = %.1f pf\\nC2 = %d pf'%(c11,c12))"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "(a)", 
+        "C1=5700 pf", 
+        "", 
+        "(b)", 
+        "C2=57000 pf", 
+        "", 
+        "(c)", 
+        "C1 = 6333.3 pf", 
+        "C2 = 63333 pf"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.11, Page Number: 121<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''pressure gauge caliberation'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#variable Declaration", 
+      "A=1.0                       #area", 
+      "p1=10.0                     #pressure", 
+      "", 
+      "#calculation", 
+      "W1=A*p1", 
+      "", 
+      "#Result", 
+      "print('W1 = %d kg' %W1)", 
+      "print('\\nWith the 4 standard weights of 10kg, 20kg, 30kg and 40kg')"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "W1 = 10 kg", 
+        "", 
+        "With the 4 standard weights of 10kg, 20kg, 30kg and 40kg"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown", 
+     "source": [
+      "<h3>Example 2.12, Page Number: 122<h3>"
+     ]
+    }, 
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code", 
+     "collapsed": false, 
+     "input": [
+      "'''pressure calculation using McLeod gauge'''", 
+      "", 
+      "#varable declaration", 
+      "p1=10**-2                 #pressure in torr", 
+      "h1=20.0                   #height in mm", 
+      "", 
+      "#xalculation", 
+      "K=p1/h1**2", 
+      "p2=K*30**2", 
+      "p2=p2*100.0", 
+      "", 
+      "#Result", 
+      "print('The unknown pressure p2 = %.2f * 10^-2 torr' %p2)"
+     ], 
+     "language": "python", 
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream", 
+       "stream": "stdout", 
+       "text": [
+        "The unknown pressure p2 = 2.25 * 10^-2 torr"
+       ]
+      }
+     ], 
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    }
+   ]
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file