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| author | Trupti Kini | 2016-09-08 23:30:23 +0600 |
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| committer | Trupti Kini | 2016-09-08 23:30:23 +0600 |
| commit | cd810407802a7f89116285be29c37f8e4c477111 (patch) | |
| tree | fb007f4a988144317108cc9107dec67aa2ab7176 /Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta | |
| parent | b65760c382e922833225d6783d66baf401474df5 (diff) | |
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Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch1.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch2.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch3.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch4.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch5.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch6.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch7.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch8.ipynb
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/6.1.png
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/6.png
A Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/7.png
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter1.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter2.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter3.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter4.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter5.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter6.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter7.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter8.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/Chapter9.ipynb
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/README.txt
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/screenshots/1.png
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/screenshots/2.png
A OpAmps_And_Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_Gayakwad/screenshots/8.png
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter10_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter11_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter12_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter13_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter14_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter15_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter16_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter17_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter18_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter19_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter1_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter20_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter21_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter22_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter23_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter24_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter25_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter26_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter2_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter6_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter7_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter8_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/chapter9_6.ipynb
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/screenshots/chapter10_ac_load_line_5.png
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/screenshots/chapter18_clipping_ckt_output_6.png
A Principles_of_Electronics_____by_V.K._Mehta_and_Rohit_Mehta/screenshots/chapter8_dc_load_line_6.png
Diffstat (limited to 'Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta')
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch1.ipynb | 369 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch2.ipynb | 1510 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch3.ipynb | 332 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch4.ipynb | 1059 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch5.ipynb | 168 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch6.ipynb | 757 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch7.ipynb | 468 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch8.ipynb | 226 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt | 10 | ||||
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diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch1.ipynb b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1956140e --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,369 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 1:Semiconductor Marerials and Crystal Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 1.1 Page No.23" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Miller indices of the given plane are 3.0 2.0 3.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 1.1\n", + "#Find the miller indices for a plane.\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "#Length of intercept\n", + "l1=2.0\n", + "l2=3.0\n", + "l3=2.0\n", + "\n", + "#Calcuation\n", + "#reciprocal of intercept\n", + "r1=1/l1\n", + "r2=1/l2\n", + "r3=1/l3\n", + "m1=6*r1\n", + "m2=6*r2\n", + "m3=6*r3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Miller indices of the given plane are\",m1,m2,m3\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 1.2 Page No.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Miller indices of the given plane are 2.0 1.0 0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 1.2\n", + "#Find the miller indices for a plane.\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "#Length of intercept\n", + "l1=1.0\n", + "l2=2.0\n", + "l3=0\n", + "\n", + "#Calcuation\n", + "#reciprocal of intercept\n", + "r1=1/l1\n", + "r2=1/l2\n", + "r3=0\n", + "m1=2*r1\n", + "m2=2*r2\n", + "m3=2*r3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Miller indices of the given plane are\",m1,m2,m3\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 1.3 Page No.24" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Lattice constant is 3.22 A\n", + "radius of simple lattice is 1.61 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 1.3\n", + "#Obtain lattice constant and radius of the atom.\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "V=3*(10**22) #kg/m**3, density of SCC lattice\n", + "p=(1/3.0)*10**-22\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=1 #no. of lattice point \n", + "a=(n*p)**(1/3.0) #lattice constant\n", + "r=(a*10**8/2)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Lattice constant is\",round(a*10**8,2),\"A\"\n", + "print\"radius of simple lattice is\",round(r,2),\"A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 1.4 Page no.25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Density of crystal is 8928.8 Kg/m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exampe 1.4\n", + "#Determine the density of crystal\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "r=1.278 #in Angstrum\n", + "AtomicWeight=63.5 #constant\n", + "AvogadroNo=6.023*10**23 #constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#For FCC structure a=4*r/math.sqrt(2)\n", + "a=4*r*10**-10/math.sqrt(2) #in meter\n", + "V=a**3 #in meter**3\n", + "#mass of one atom = m\n", + "m=AtomicWeight/AvogadroNo #in gm\n", + "m=m/1000 #in Kg\n", + "n=4 # no. of atoms per unit cell for FCC structure\n", + "rho=m*n/V #in Kg/m**3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Density of crystal is\",round(rho,2),\"Kg/m**3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 1.5 Page no.26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Density of silicon crystal is 1249.0 Kg/m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 1.5\n", + "#What is Density of silicon crystal .\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "n=4 # no. of atoms per unit cell of silicon\n", + "AtomicWeight=28 #constant\n", + "AvogadroNo=6.021*10**23 #constant\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "m=AtomicWeight/AvogadroNo #in gm\n", + "m=m/1000 #in Kg\n", + "a=5.3 #lattice constant in Angstrum\n", + "a=a*10**-10 #in meter\n", + "V=a**3 #in meter**3\n", + "rho=m*n/V #in Kg/m**3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Density of silicon crystal is\",round(rho,0),\"Kg/m**3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 1.6 Page no.26" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Surface density in FCC on (111)Plane is %.e 1.02382271468e+13 atoms/mm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 1.5\n", + "#What is Surface density in FCC .\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "a=4.75 #lattice constant in Angstrum\n", + "a=a*10**-10 #in meter\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "dp=2.31/a**2 #in atom/m**2\n", + "dp=dp/10**6 #in atom/mm**2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Surface density in FCC on (111)Plane is %.e\",dp,\"atoms/mm**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 1.7 Page no. 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 28, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Interpolar distance in Angstrum 2.01 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 1.7\n", + "#find the Interpolar distance\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "l=1.539 #in Angstrum\n", + "theta=22.5 #in degree\n", + "n=1 #order unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "d=n*l/(2*math.sin(theta*math.pi/180)) #in Angstrum\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Interpolar distance in Angstrum \",round(d,2),\"A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 1.8 Page no. 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "wavelength of X-rays in Angstrum 0.584 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 1.8\n", + "#Find the wavelength of X-rays \n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "theta=16.8/2.0 #in degree\n", + "n=2.0 #order unitless\n", + "d=0.4 #in nm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "l=(2*d*10**-9*sin(theta*math.pi/180.0))/n #in Angstrum\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"wavelength of X-rays in Angstrum \",round(l*10**10,3),\"A\"\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch2.ipynb b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..74bcb44f --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1510 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter2 : Energy Bands and Charge Carriers in semiconductor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.1 Page No.58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Probability when the energy of the state is above 0.1 eV 0.02\n", + "Probability when the energy of the state is below 0.1 eV 0.98\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.1\n", + "#Find probability of an electronic state\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "dE1=0.1 #eV\n", + "dE2=-0.1 #eV\n", + "k=8.61*10**-5 #Boltzman constant\n", + "T=300 #K\n", + "\n", + "#Calcualtion\n", + "import math\n", + "FE1=1/(1+math.exp(dE1/(k*T)))\n", + "FE2=1/(1+math.exp(dE2/(k*T)))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Probability when the energy of the state is above 0.1 eV\",round(FE1,2)\n", + "print\"Probability when the energy of the state is below 0.1 eV\",round(FE2,2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.2 Page No. 58" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The Temprature is 758.3 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Calculate the temprature at which there is 1 percent probability\n", + "#that a state of 0.30 eV below the fermi energy level will not contain electrons.\n", + "import math\n", + "#Exa 2.2\n", + "Ef=6.25 #EV fermi energy level\n", + "dE=-0.30 #eV\n", + "k=8.61*10**-5 #Boltzman constant\n", + "fE=0.99\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#From the probability formula fE=1/(1+math.exp(dE/(k*T)))\n", + "T=(dE)/(k*math.log(1/fE-1))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"The Temprature is\",round(T,1),\"K\" " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.3 Page No. 64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "the fraction of total no. of electron is 8.85e-07\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.3\n", + "#Determine the fraction of total no. of electron\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "Eg=0.72 #eV\n", + "Ef=0.5*Eg\n", + "dE=Eg-Ef #eV\n", + "k=8.61*10**-5 #Boltzman constant\n", + "T=300 #K\n", + "\n", + "#Calcualtion\n", + "import math\n", + "N=1/(1+math.exp(dE/(k*T)))\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"the fraction of total no. of electron is \",round(N,9)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.4 Page No. 64" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The wavwlength is 1.416 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.4\n", + "#Calculate the wave length\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given\n", + "E=300*1.602*10**-19 #eV Energy\n", + "m=9.108*10**-31 #kg, mass of electron\n", + "h=6.626*10**-34 #Planck constant\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "v=math.sqrt(2*E/m)\n", + "lam=h*v/E\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The wavwlength is\",round(lam*10**10,3),\"A\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.5 Page No. 70" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 25, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Ratio of electron to hole concentration : 1e+12\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 2.5\n", + "#Find the ratio of electron to hole concentration ratio\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "ni=1.4*10**18\t\t\t#in atoms/m**3\n", + "Nd=1.4*10**24\t\t\t#in atoms/m**3\n", + "n=Nd\t\t\t\t#in atoms/m**3\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "p=ni**2/n\t\t\t#in atoms/m**3\n", + "ratio=n/p\t\t\t#unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Ratio of electron to hole concentration : \",round(ratio,2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.7 Page no 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 35, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The magnitude of current is 0.24 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.7\n", + "#Calculate the magnitude of current\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "n=10**24 #Electron density\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #Electron charge\n", + "v=0.015 #m/s drift velocity\n", + "A=10**-4 #m**2 area\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "I=n*e*v/A\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The magnitude of current is\",round(I/10**8,2),\"A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.8 Page No. 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Relaxation time in sec : 4.004e-14 s\n", + "Resistivity of conductor in ohm-m : 1.531e-08 ohm m\n", + "velocity of electron with fermi energy is 1390707.0 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 2.8\n", + "#calculate (i) Relaxation time (ii)Resistivity of conductor (iii) velocity of electron \n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Ef=5.5\t\t\t#in eV\n", + "MUe=7.04*10**-3\t\t#in m**2/V-s\n", + "n=5.8*10**28\t\t#in m**-3\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t#constant\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\t\t#in Kg\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#part (i)\n", + "import math\n", + "tau=MUe*m/e\t\t#in sec\n", + "rho=1/(n*e*MUe)\t\t#in ohm-m\n", + "vF=math.sqrt(2*Ef*1.6*10**-19/m)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Relaxation time in sec : \",tau,\"s\"\n", + "print\"Resistivity of conductor in ohm-m : \",round(rho,11),\"ohm m\"\n", + "print\"velocity of electron with fermi energy is \",round(vF,0),\"m/s\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.9 Page No. 75" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 51, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "NO. of free electrons are 8.49e+28\n", + "mobility of electrons is 0.004 m**2/Vs\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.9\n", + "#Find (i)the valence electrons per unit volume (ii) mobility\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "rho=1.73*10**-8 #resistivity\n", + "Tav=2.42*10**-14 #Average Time\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t#constant\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\t\t#in Kg\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "n=m/(e**2*Tav*rho)\n", + "mu=(e*Tav)/m\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"NO. of free electrons are\",round(n,-26)\n", + "print\"mobility of electrons is\",round(mu,3),\"m**2/Vs\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.10 page No. 75" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 57, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Relaxation time in sec : 3.95e-14 s\n", + "velocity of electron with fermi energy is 0.7 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.10\n", + "#calculate Relaxation time and drift velocity\n", + "\n", + "Ef=100\t\t\t#in V/m Applied electric field\n", + "n=6*10**28\t\t#in m**-3\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t#constant electronic charge\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\t\t#in Kg mass of electron\n", + "rho=1.5*10**-8 #Density\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "tau=m/(n*e**2*rho)\t\t#in sec\n", + "vF=e*Ef*tau/m\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Relaxation time in sec : \",round(tau,16),\"s\"\n", + "print\"velocity of electron with fermi energy is \",round(vF,1),\"m/s\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.11 Page No.75" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 69, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Charge density is 1.133e+29 m**-3\n", + "current density is 1160000.0 A/m**2\n", + "curret flowing is 3.644 A\n", + "electron drift velocityis 6.4e-05 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exampl 2.11\n", + "#Determine charge density, current density ,Current flowing in the wire, Electron drift velocity\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "d=0.002 #m, diameter of pipe\n", + "s=5.8*10**7 #Conductivity S/m\n", + "mu=0.0032 #m**2/Vs, Electron mobility\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t#constant electronic charge\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\t\t#in Kg mass of electron\n", + "E=0.02 #V/m Electric field\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "#From eq 2.62\n", + "n=s/(e*mu)\n", + "J=s*E\n", + "I=J*(math.pi*d**2/4.0)\n", + "v=mu*E\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Charge density is\",round(n,-26),\"m**-3\"\n", + "print\"current density is\",round(J,6),\"A/m**2\"\n", + "print\"curret flowing is\",round(I,3),\"A\"\n", + "print\"electron drift velocityis\",round(v,6),\"m/s\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.12 page no 76" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 156, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The drift velocity is 20.0 m/s\n", + "Time taken by the electron is 5e-07 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#example 2.12\n", + "#calculate the drift velocity and time\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "rho=0.5 #ohm-m Resistivity\n", + "J=100 #A/m**2 Current density\n", + "mue=0.4 #m**2/Vs Electron mobility\n", + "d=10*10**-6 #m distance\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ve=mue*J*rho\n", + "t=d/Ve\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The drift velocity is \",Ve,\"m/s\"\n", + "print\"Time taken by the electron is\",round(t,8),\"s\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.13 Page No.76" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 76, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Concentration of electron is 4.45e+16 /cm**3\n", + "Concentration of holes is 14040000000.0 /cm**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.13\n", + "#Calculate drift velocity and time\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t#constant electronic charge\n", + "m=9.1*10**-31\t\t#in Kg mass of electron\n", + "rho=0.039 #ohm-cm resistivity\n", + "mu=3600 #cm**2/Vs Carrier mobility\n", + "ni=2.5*10**13\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation \n", + "Nd=(1/(rho*e*mu))\n", + "n=Nd\n", + "p=(ni**2/n)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Concentration of electron is\",round(n,-14),\"/cm**3\"\n", + "print\"Concentration of holes is\",round(p,0),\"/cm**3\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.14 page No 76" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Concentration of electrons is 4.41e+14 atoms/cm**3\n", + "Concentration of holes is 1.42e+12 atoms/cm**3\n", + "Conductivity of N-type germanium 26.8 /ohm-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.14\n", + "#Determine concentration of holes and electrons\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "rho=5.32 #kg/m**3, density\n", + "Aw=72.6 #kg/K kmol atomic weight\n", + "ni=2.5*10**13\n", + "di=10**8 #Donor impurity\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #Electronic charge\n", + "mue=0.38 #m**/Vs\n", + "muh=0.18 #m**/Vs\n", + "\n", + "#CAlculation\n", + "N=6.023*10**23*rho/Aw #No 0f germanium atoms per cm**3\n", + "Nd=N/di\n", + "n=Nd\n", + "p=(ni**2/n)\n", + "s=n*e*mue*10**4\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Concentration of electrons is\",round(n,-12),\"atoms/cm**3\"\n", + "print\"Concentration of holes is\",round(p,-10),\"atoms/cm**3\"\n", + "\n", + "if n > p:\n", + " \n", + " print\"Conductivity of N-type germanium\",round(s*100,1),\"/ohm-m\" \n", + "else:\n", + " print \"Calculate p-type germanium conductivity\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.15 Page no.79" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Density of electrons is 2.29e+19 /m**3\n", + "Drift velocity for electrons 3900.0 m/s\n", + "Drift velocity for holes 1900.0 m/s\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.15\n", + "#Calculate the density and drift velocity\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #Electronic charge\n", + "mue=0.39 #m**/Vs\n", + "muh=0.19 #m**/Vs\n", + "rhoi=0.47 #ohm-m, intrinsic resistivity\n", + "E=10**4 #Electric field\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "sigmai=1/rhoi\n", + "ni=sigmai/(e*(mue+muh))\n", + "Vn=mue*E\n", + "Vh=muh*E\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Density of electrons is\",round(ni,-17),\"/m**3\"\n", + "print\"Drift velocity for electrons\",round(Vn,0),\"m/s\"\n", + "print\"Drift velocity for holes\",round(Vh,0),\"m/s\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.16 page No.80" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Intrinsic conductivity of Ge is 0.0224 ohm-cm**-1\n", + "Conductivity of N type Ge semiconductor is 2.68 ohm-cm**-1\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.16\n", + "#Calculate conductivity\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "i=10**7 #IMpurity in Ge atom\n", + "ni=2.5*10**13 #/cm**3\n", + "N=4.4*10**22 #No. of atoms of Ge\n", + "mue=3800 #cm**2/Vs\n", + "muh=1800 #cm**2/Vs\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #Electronic charge\n", + "E=400 #Electric field\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "sigmai=ni*e*(mue+muh)\n", + "Nd=N/i\n", + "n=Nd\n", + "p=ni**2/(Nd)\n", + "sigman=e*Nd*mue\n", + "\n", + "print\"Intrinsic conductivity of Ge is \",sigmai,\"ohm-cm**-1\"\n", + "print\"Conductivity of N type Ge semiconductor is\",round(sigman,2),\"ohm-cm**-1\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.17 Page No. 80" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i)Electron drift velocity is 152.0 m/s\n", + " hole drift velocity is 72.0 m/s\n", + "(ii)Intrinsic Conductivity of Ge is 2.24 ohm-m**-1\n", + "(iii)The total current is 5.376 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.17\n", + "#(i)Electron drift velocity & hole drift velocity .\n", + "#(ii)Intrinsic Conductivity of Ge,(iii)The total current .\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "V=10 #Volt\n", + "l=0.025 #m, length\n", + "w=0.004 #m width\n", + "t=0.0015 #m thickness\n", + "\n", + "ni=2.5*10**19 #/cm**3\n", + "mue=0.38 #m**2/Vs\n", + "muh=0.18 #m**2/Vs\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #Electronic charge\n", + "E=400 #Electric field\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "E=V/l\n", + "Ve=mue*E\n", + "Vh=muh*E\n", + "sigmai=ni*e*(mue+muh)\n", + "I=sigmai*E*w*t\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"(i)Electron drift velocity is \",Ve,\"m/s\"\n", + "print\" hole drift velocity is \",Vh,\"m/s\"\n", + "print\"(ii)Intrinsic Conductivity of Ge is\",sigmai,\"ohm-m**-1\"\n", + "print\"(iii)The total current is \",I*1000,\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.18 page no.80" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The ratio of electrons to holes drift velocity is 1.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.18\n", + "#What is ratio of electrons to holes\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "Ie=3/4.0 #Current due to electron\n", + "Ih=1-Ie #Current due to holes\n", + "Vh=1 #Hole velocity\n", + "Ve=3 #Electron velocity 3 times the hole velocity\n", + "\n", + "#ccalculation\n", + "R=(Ie*Vh/(Ih*Ve))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The ratio of electrons to holes drift velocity is \",R" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.19 Page No.81" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Diffusion constant of electron is 43.99 (in cm**2/s)\n", + "Diffusion constant of hole is 6.47 (in cm**2/s)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 2.19\n", + "#Find the diffusion coefficients of electrons and holes\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t\t#in coulamb\n", + "T=300\t\t\t\t#in Kelvin\n", + "MUh=0.025\t\t\t#in m**2/V-s\n", + "MUe=0.17\t\t\t#in m**2/V-s\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23\t\t\t#in J/K\n", + "De=MUe*k*T/e\t\t\t#in cm**2/s\n", + "Dh=MUh*k*T/e\t\t\t#in cm**2/s\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Diffusion constant of electron is \",round(De*10000,2),\"(in cm**2/s)\"\n", + "print\"Diffusion constant of hole is \",round(Dh*10000,2),\"(in cm**2/s)\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.20 Page no. 81 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The intrinsic carries concentration is 1.76e+16 /m**3\n", + "The conductivity of Si is 0.00054 S/m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.20\n", + "#Find intrinsic carries cncentration and conductivity\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given\n", + "N=3*10**25 #No of atoms\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\n", + "Eg=1.1*e #eV\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 #j/k boltzman's constant\n", + "T=300 #K\n", + "mue=0.14\n", + "muh=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "ni=N*math.exp(-Eg/(2*k*T))\n", + "sigma=ni*e*(mue+muh)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The intrinsic carries concentration is \",round(ni,-14),\"/m**3\"\n", + "print\"The conductivity of Si is \",round(sigma,5),\"S/m\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.21 Page No.84" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 44, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The effective density is 4.6e+25 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.21\n", + "#Find the effective density\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "a=1.5 #a=me/mo\n", + "T=300 #K\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#from eq. 2.29\n", + "Nc=4.82*10**21*(a)**(1.5)*T**(1.5)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The effective density is\",round(Nc,-23),\"/m**3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.22 page no. 84" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 55, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The intrinsic concentration of charge carrier is 2.27e+18 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.22\n", + "#Calculate the intrinsic concentration\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "a=0.07 #a=me/mo\n", + "b=0.4 #b=mh/mo\n", + "T=300 #K\n", + "Eg=0.7 #eV\n", + "k=8.62*10**-5 # Boltzman constant\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "#From eq 2.101\n", + "ni=math.sqrt(2.33*10**43*(a*b)**(1.5)*T**3*math.exp(-Eg/(k*T)))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The intrinsic concentration of charge carrier is\",round(ni,-16),\"/m**3\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.23 Page no. 85" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The absolute temprature is 0.14 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.23\n", + "#Find the value of absolute temprature\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "C=5*10**28 #atom/m**3, concentration of Si atoms\n", + "DL=2*10**8 #Doping level \n", + "m=1\n", + "me=m\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Nd=C/DL\n", + "nc=Nd\n", + "T=((nc/(4.82*10**21))*(m/me)**(1.5))**(2/3.0)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The absolute temprature is\",round(T,2),\"K\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.24 Page No. 85" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 110, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The effective density at temprature 300 K is 3.2e+20 /m**3\n", + "The effective density at temprature 400 K is 8.98e+21 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.24\n", + "#Determine the effective density\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "T1=300.0 #K temprature\n", + "T2=400.0\n", + "k=1.38*10**-23 #J/k\n", + "m=1.25*9.107*10**-31\n", + "h=6.625*10**-34\n", + "dE=0.3 #eV\n", + "k_=8.62*10**-5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "nc1=2*(2*math.pi*m*k*T1/(h**2))**(1.5)\n", + "n1=nc1*math.exp(-(0.3/(k_*T1)))\n", + "\n", + "nc2=2*(2*math.pi*m*k*T2/(h**2))**(1.5)\n", + "n2=nc2*math.exp(-(0.3/(k_*T2)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"The effective density at temprature 300 K is\",round(n1,-19),\"/m**3\"\n", + "print\"The effective density at temprature 400 K is\",round(n2,-19),\"/m**3\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.25 Page no.86" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The position of fermi level is -0.0079 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#example 2.25\n", + "#determine the position of intrinsic fermi level\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given\n", + "T=300.0\n", + "k=8.62*10**-5 #J/k\n", + "m=9.107*10**-31\n", + "me=0.6*m\n", + "mh=0.4*m\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "dE=-3*k*T*math.log((me/mh)**(1))/4.0 #dE=Ef-Emidgap\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The position of fermi level is\",round(dE,4),\"eV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.26 Page no 86" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 131, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The position of fermi level is 0.3912 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#example 2.26\n", + "#determine the position of intrinsic fermi level\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "T=300.0\n", + "Eg=0.72 #eV Energy gap\n", + "k=8.62*10**-5 #J/k\n", + "me=1\n", + "mh=5.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#from Ef=Ec-kTlog(nc/Nd)\n", + "import math\n", + "dE=(Eg/2.0)-3*k*T*math.log(me/mh)/4.0 #dE=Ef-Emidgap\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The position of fermi level is\",round(dE,4),\"eV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.27 Page no 87" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 134, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The position of fermi level is 0.28 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#example 2.27\n", + "#determine the position of intrinsic fermi level\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "T1=300.0\n", + "T2=350\n", + "Eg=0.24 #eV Energy gap\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#from Ef=Ev+kTlog(nc/Nd)\n", + "import math\n", + "dE=(T2/T1)*Eg\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The position of fermi level is\",round(dE,4),\"eV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.28 Page no.88" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 133, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The position of fermi level is 0.36 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.28\n", + "#determine the position of intrinsic fermi level\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "T1=300.0\n", + "T2=400\n", + "Eg=0.27 #eV Energy gap\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "dE=(T2/T1)*Eg\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The position of fermi level is\",round(dE,4),\"eV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.29 page no.88" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 137, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The position of fermi level is 0.258 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "##Example 2.29\n", + "#determine the position of intrinsic fermi level\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "dE1=0.3 #eV Energy gap\n", + "kT=0.026 #eV\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "x=math.exp(-dE1/kT) #x=Nd/nc\n", + "y=5 #y=Nd2/Nd1\n", + "dE2=-math.log(y)*kT+dE1\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The position of fermi level is\",round(dE2,3),\"eV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.30 Page no.89" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 143, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The position of fermi level is 0.36 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "##Example 2.30\n", + "#determine the position of intrinsic fermi level\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "dE1=0.39 #eV Energy gap\n", + "kT=0.026 #eV\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "x=math.exp(-dE1/kT) #x=NA1/nV\n", + "y=3 #y=NA2/NA1\n", + "dE2=((dE1/kT)-math.log(y))*kT\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The position of fermi level is\",round(dE2,2),\"eV\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.31 Page no.91" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The electron density is 6.25e+22 /m**3\n", + "The mobility is 1e-04 /m**3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#example 2.31\n", + "#Determine electron density and mobility\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "rho=1 #ohm-m Resistivity\n", + "Rh=100.0 #cm**3/coulomb\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "con=1/rho #Conductivity\n", + "R=1/Rh #Charge density\n", + "ED=R*10**6/e\n", + "mu=con/(R*10**6)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The electron density is\",ED,\"/m**3\"\n", + "print\"The mobility is %.e\"%mu,\"/m**3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.32 Page no. 92" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 146, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Hall Voltage is 22.8 micro V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 2.32\n", + "#Calculate Hall Voltage\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "w=0.1 #m width\n", + "t=0.01 #m thickness\n", + "F=0.6 #T, field\n", + "Rh=3.8*10**-4 #Hall Coefficient\n", + "I=10 #mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vh=(Rh*F*I/w)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Hall Voltage is\",Vh*1000,\"micro V\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.33 Page No. 92" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Magnitude of hall voltage is 76.0 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 2.33\n", + "#What is magnitude of Hall Voltage\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t\t#in coulamb\n", + "ND=10**17\t\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "Bz=0.1\t\t\t\t#in Wb/m**2\n", + "w=4\t\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "d=4\t\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "Ex=5\t\t\t\t#in V/cm\n", + "MUe=3800\t\t\t#in cm**2/V-s\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=MUe*Ex\t\t\t#in cm/s\n", + "v=v*10**-2\t\t\t#in m/s\n", + "VH=Bz*v*d\t\t\t#in mV\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Magnitude of hall voltage is\",VH,\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.34 Page No.92" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Magnitude of hall voltage is 3.0 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 2.34\n", + "#What is magnitude of hall voltage\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t\t#in coulamb\n", + "ND=10**21\t\t\t#in m**-3\n", + "Bz=0.2\t\t\t\t#in T\n", + "d=4\t\t\t\t#in mm\n", + "d=d*10**-3\t\t\t#in meter\n", + "J=600\t\t\t\t#in A/m**2\n", + "n=ND\t\t\t\t#in m**-3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#formula : VH*w/(B*I)=1/(n*e)\n", + "VH=Bz*J*d/(n*e)\t\t\t#in V\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Magnitude of hall voltage is \",VH*10**3,\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 2.35 Page No." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 169, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Hall angle is 1.0709 degree\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 2.35\n", + "#Calculate hall angle\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t\t#in coulamb\n", + "rho=0.00912\t\t\t#in ohm-m\n", + "B=0.48\t\t\t\t#in Wb/m**2\n", + "RH=3.55*10**-4\t\t\t#in m**3-coulamb**-1\n", + "SIGMA=1/rho\t\t\t#in (ohm=m)**-1\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "THETAh=math.atan(SIGMA*B*RH)\t#in Degree\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Hall angle is\",round(THETAh*180/3.14,4),\"degree\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch3.ipynb b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6c538996 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter3 : Excess Carriers in Semiconductor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 3.2 Page No 111" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Minimum required energy is 2.06 eV \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.2\n", + "#What is Minimum required energy \n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "l=6000 #in Angstrum\n", + "h=6.6*10**(-34) #Planks constant\n", + "c=3*10**8 #speed of light in m/s\n", + "e=1.602*10**(-19) #Constant\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phi=c*h/(e*l*10**(-10))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Minimum required energy is\",round(phi,2),\"eV \"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 3.3 Page No 112" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Work function of the cathode material is 2.39 eV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 3.3\n", + "#calculate Work function of the cathode material\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Emax=2.5 #maximum energy of emitted electrons in eV \n", + "l=2537.0 #in Angstrum\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "EeV=12400.0/l #in eV\n", + "phi=EeV-Emax #in eV\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Work function of the cathode material is \",round(phi,2),\"eV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 3.4 Page No 115" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i)Thus power absorbed is 0.009 J/s\n", + "(ii)Energy converted into heat is 0.0026 J/s\n", + "(iii)Number of photons per second given off from recombination events 2.81e+16\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.4\n", + "#Find (i)The fraction of each photon energy unit which is converted into heat\",f\n", + "#(ii)Energy converted into heat in ,((2-1.43)/2)*0.009,\"J/s\"\n", + "#(iii)Number of photons per second given off from recombination events \",0.009/(e*2)\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "t=0.46*10**-4 #in centi meters\n", + "hf1=2 #in ev\n", + "hf2=1.43\n", + "Pin=10 #in mW\n", + "alpha=50000 # in per cm\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #constant\n", + "Io=0.01 #in mW\n", + "\n", + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "It=Io*math.exp(-alpha*t) #in mW\n", + "Iabs=Io-It\n", + "f=(hf1-hf2)/hf1\n", + "E=f*Iabs\n", + "N=Iabs/(e*hf1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"(i)Thus power absorbed is \",round(Iabs,3),\"J/s\"\n", + "print\"(ii)Energy converted into heat is\",round(E,4),\"J/s\"\n", + "print\"(iii)Number of photons per second given off from recombination events \",round(N,-14)\n", + "#In book there is calculation mistake in Number of photons." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 3.5 Page No 123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 29, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Electron transit time in sec is 6.4e-09 s\n", + "Photoconductor gain is 216.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.5\n", + "#What is Photoconductor gain \n", + "#Electron transit time.\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "L=100 #in uM\n", + "A=10&-7 #in cm**2\n", + "th=10**-6 #in sec\n", + "V=12 #in Volts\n", + "ue=0.13 #in m**2/V-s\n", + "uh=0.05 #in m**2/V-s\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "E=V/(L*10**-6) #in V/m\n", + "tn=(L*10**-6)/(ue*E)\n", + "Gain=(1+uh/ue)*(th/tn)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Electron transit time in sec is \",round(tn,10),\"s\"\n", + "print\"Photoconductor gain is \",Gain" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 3.6 Page No128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 30, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current flowing through diode is 15.0 micra A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example3.6\n", + "#Calculate Current flowing through diode .\n", + "\n", + "#given datex\n", + "import math\n", + "Io=0.15 #in uA\n", + "V=0.12 #in mVolt\n", + "Vt=26 #in mVolt\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "I=Io*10**-6*(math.exp(V/(Vt*10**-3))-1) #in A\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Current flowing through diode is \",round(I*10**6,2),\"micra A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 3.7 Page No 128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 31, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Forward voltage is 0.43 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 3.7\n", + "#Determine the Forward voltage \n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "Io=2.5 #in uA\n", + "I=10 #in mA\n", + "Vt=26 #in mVolt\n", + "n=2 #for silicon\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "V=n*Vt*10**-3*math.log((I*10**-3)/(Io*10**-6))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Forward voltage is \",round(V,2),\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 3.8 Page No 128" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 33, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Reverse saturation current density is 0.16 uA \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 3.8\n", + "#What is Reverse saturation current density \n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "ND=10**21 #in m**-3\n", + "NA=10**22 #in m**-3\n", + "De=3.4*10**-3 #in m**2-s**-1\n", + "Dh=1.2*10**-3 #in m**2-s**-1\n", + "Le=7.1*10**-4 #in meters\n", + "Lh=3.5*10**-4 #in meters\n", + "ni=1.6*10**16 #in m**-3\n", + "e=1.602*10**-19 #constant\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "IoA=e*ni**2*(Dh/(Lh*ND)+De/(Le*NA))\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Reverse saturation current density is \",round(IoA*10**6,2),\"uA \"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch4.ipynb b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..07dd71a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1059 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 4: Junction Properties" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.1 page No. 146" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Majority carrier electron concentration is 5.97e+13 cm**-3\n", + "Minority carrier hole concentration is 9.7e+12 cm**-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.1\n", + "#find the Majority and Minority carrier hole concentration\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "T=300\t\t\t #in Kelvin\n", + "ND=5*10**13\t\t #in cm**-3\n", + "NA=0\t\t\t #in cm**-3\n", + "ni=2.4*10**13\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "no=ND/2.0+math.sqrt((ND/2.0)**2+ni**2)\t#in cm**-3\n", + "po=ni**2/no\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Majority carrier electron concentration is \",round(no,-11),\"cm**-3\"\n", + "print\"Minority carrier hole concentration is \",round(po,-11),\" cm**-3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.2 Page No.146" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Majority carrier electron concentration is 1e+16 cm**-3\n", + "Minority carrier hole concentration is 22500.0 cm**-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.2\n", + "#find the Majority and Minority carrier hole concentration\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "T=300\t\t\t#in Kelvin\n", + "ND=10**16\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "NA=0\t\t\t #in cm**-3\n", + "ni=1.5*10**10\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "no=ND/2.0+math.sqrt((ND/2.0)**2+ni**2)\t#in cm**-3\n", + "po=ni**2/no\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Majority carrier electron concentration is \",no,\"cm**-3\"\n", + "print\"Minority carrier hole concentration is \",round(po,0),\" cm**-3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.3 Page No. 147" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Majority carrier hole concentration is 7e+15 cm**-3\n", + "Minority carrier electron concentration is 36571.0 cm**-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.3\n", + "#find the Majority and Minority carrier hole concentration\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "T=300\t\t\t#in Kelvin\n", + "ND=3*10**15\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "NA=10**16\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "ni=1.6*10**10\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "po=(NA-ND)/2+math.sqrt(((NA-ND)/2.0)**2+ni**2.0)\t#in cm**-3\n", + "no=ni**2/po\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Majority carrier hole concentration is\",round(po,-8),\" cm**-3\"\n", + "print\"Minority carrier electron concentration is \",round(no,0),\" cm**-3\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.4 Page No. 147" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 45, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The maximum Temprature is 642.0 K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.4\n", + "#What is maximum Temprature\n", + "\n", + "#Given \n", + "import math\n", + "ND=3*10**15\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "Eg=1.12 #eV\n", + "k=8.62*10**-5 #eV/k\n", + "Nc=2.8*10**19\n", + "Nv=1.04*10**19\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "# from the equation po=(NA-ND)/2+math.sqrt(((NA-ND)/2.0)**2+ni**2.0)\t#in cm**-3\n", + "No=1.05*ND\n", + "ni=math.sqrt((No-ND/2.0)**2-0.25*ND**2)\n", + "#From ni**2=Nc*Nv*exp(-Eg/(k*t))\n", + "T=Eg/(-math.log(ni**2/(Nc*Nv))*k)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"The maximum Temprature is \",round(T,1),\"K\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.5 Page No. 151" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 47, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Built in potential barrier is 0.7532 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.5\n", + "#determine the built in potential\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "T=300\t\t#in Kelvin\n", + "ND=10**15\t#in cm**-3\n", + "NA=10**18\t#in cm**-3\n", + "ni=1.5*10**10\t#in cm**-3\n", + "VT=T/11600.0\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Vbi=VT*math.log(NA*ND/ni**2)\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Built in potential barrier is\",round(Vbi,4),\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.6 Page No.151" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Contact potential is 0.5745 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.6\n", + "#What is Contact Potential.\n", + "import math\n", + "#given data\n", + "T=300\t\t #in Kelvin\n", + "ND=10**21\t #in m**-3\n", + "NA=10**21\t #in m**-3\n", + "ni=1.5*10**16 #in m**-3\n", + "VT=T/11600.0\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "Vo=VT*math.log(NA*ND/ni**2)\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Contact potential is\",round(Vo,4),\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.7 Page No. 154" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Space charge width is 0.95 micro meter\n", + "At metallurgical junction, i.e for x=0 the electric field is -13345.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.7\n", + "#Determine the space charge.\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "T=300\t\t\t#in Kelvin\n", + "ND=10**15\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "NA=10**16\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "ni=1.5*10**10\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "VT=T/11600.0\t\t#in Volts\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t #in Coulamb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "epsilon=11.7*8.854*10**-14\t #constant\n", + "Vbi=VT*math.log(NA*ND/ni**2)\t\t#in Volts\n", + "SCW=math.sqrt((2*epsilon*Vbi/e)*(NA+ND)/(NA*ND))#in cm\n", + "SCW=SCW*10**4 #in uMeter\n", + "xn=0.864\t\t#in uM\n", + "xp=0.086\t\t#in uM\n", + "Emax=-e*ND*xn/epsilon\t#in V/cm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Space charge width is\",round(SCW,2),\"micro meter\"\n", + "print\"At metallurgical junction, i.e for x=0 the electric field is \",round(Emax/10000,0),\"V\"#Note : Ans in the book is wrong" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.8 Page No.160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "New position of fermi level is 0.328 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.8\n", + "#Find the new position of fermi level\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "Ecf=0.3 #in Volts\n", + "T=27.0+273.0 #in Kelvin\n", + "delT=55 #in degree centigrade\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#formula : Ecf=Ec-Ef=K*T*math.log(nc/ND)\n", + "#let K*math.log(nc/ND)=y\n", + "#Ecf=Ec-Ef=T*y\n", + "y=Ecf/T #assumed\n", + "Tnew=273+55 #in Kelvin\n", + "EcfNEW=y*Tnew #in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"New position of fermi level is \",round(EcfNEW,4),\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.9 Page No. 161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Contact potential is 0.19 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.9\n", + "#Determine the Contact Potential\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "T=300\t\t\t#in Kelvin\n", + "ND=8*10**14\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "NA=8*10**14\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "ni=2*10**13\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "k=8.61*10**-5\t\t#in eV/K\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vo=k*T*math.log(NA*ND/ni**2)\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Contact potential is \",round(Vo,2),\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.10 page No.161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Hole concentration in cm**-3 : 1.3e+04 /cm**3\n", + "electron concentration in cm**-3 :5.3e+04 /cm**3\n", + "\n", + "NOTE:\n", + "Slight Variation in answer due to wrong value of ni in book as 1.6*10**16 instead of 1.63166259315e+16\n", + "\n", + "The given Si is of N-type\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.10\n", + "#(i)Find the hole and electron concentration \n", + "#Is this Silicon P or N type\n", + "from math import e\n", + "#given data\n", + "ND=2*10**16 #in cm**-3\n", + "NA=5*10**15 #in cm**-3\n", + "Ao=4.83*10**21 \t#constant\n", + "T=300.0\t\t\t #in Kelvin\n", + "EG=1.1\t \t \t #in eV\n", + "kT=0.026 \t\t#in eV\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "ni=Ao*T**(1.5)*math.exp(-EG/(2*kT))\t\t#in m**-3\n", + "p=(ni/10**6)**2/ND\t\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "n=((ni/10**6)**2)/NA\t\t\t#in cm**-3\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "\n", + "print\"Hole concentration in cm**-3 : %.1e\"%round(p,0),\"/cm**3\"\n", + "print\"electron concentration in cm**-3 :%.1e\"%round(n,0),\"/cm**3\"\n", + "print\"\\nNOTE:\\nSlight Variation in answer due to wrong value of ni in book as 1.6*10**16 instead of\",ni\n", + "if n < e:\n", + " \n", + " print\"\\n\\nthe given Si is of P-type\" \n", + "else:\n", + " print \"\\nThe given Si is of N-type\"\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.11 Page No. 168" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current flowing through the circuit is 43.0 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.11\n", + "#Determine current\n", + "\n", + "#In given circuit \n", + "V=5\t\t #in volts\n", + "Vo=0.7\t #in Volts\n", + "R=100\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "I=(V-Vo)/R\t#in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Current flowing through the circuit is\",round(I*1000,0),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.12 Page No. 168" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Voltagee VA is 13.6 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.12\n", + "#Find the Voltage VA\n", + "\n", + "#In given circuit \n", + "V=15\t\t\t #in volts\n", + "Vo=0.7\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "R=7\t \t \t#in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "I=(V-2*Vo)/R\n", + "I=(V-2*Vo)/R\t\t#in mAmpere\n", + "VA=I*R\t \t\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Voltagee VA is \",VA,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.13 Page No.169" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The Voltage VA is 14.7 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 4.13\n", + "#Determine the Voltage VA\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "V=15 #V, voltage\n", + "Vb=0.3 #V, Barrier Potential #When supply is switched on\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "VA=V-Vb\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The Voltage VA is \",VA,\"V\"\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.14 Page No.172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Temperature coefficient f zener diode is -0.053 percent\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.14\n", + "#find Temperature coefficient f zener diode\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Vz=5\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "to=25\t\t\t#in degree centigrade\n", + "t=100\t\t\t#in degree centigrade\n", + "Vdrop=4.8\t\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "delVz=Vdrop-Vz\t\t#in Volts\n", + "delt=t-to\t\t#in degree centigrade\n", + "TempCoeff=delVz*100/(Vz*delt)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Temperature coefficient f zener diode is \",round(TempCoeff,3),\"percent\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.15 Page No. 174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 47, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(a)Output voltage will be equal to Vout= 8.0 Volts\n", + "(b)Voltage across Rs is Rs= 4.0 V\n", + "(c)Current through zener diode is Iz= 0.0 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.15\n", + "#Find (a)output Voltage (b) Voltage across Rs (c) Current\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Vz=8.0\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "VS=12.0\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "RL=10.0\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "Rs=5.0\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#part (a)\n", + "Vout=Vz\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "\n", + "#part (b)\n", + "Vrs=VS-Vout\t\t#in volts\n", + "IL=Vout/RL \t\t#in mAmpere\n", + "Is=(VS-Vout)/Rs\t#in mAmpere\n", + "\n", + "#part c\n", + "Iz=Is-IL\t \t#in mAmpere\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"(a)Output voltage will be equal to Vout=\",Vout,\" Volts\"\n", + "print\"(b)Voltage across Rs is Rs=\",Vrs,\"V\"\n", + "print\"(c)Current through zener diode is Iz=\",round(Iz,1),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.16 Page No. 175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Maximum zener diode current is 9.0 mA\n", + "Minimum zener diode current is 1.0 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.16\n", + "#Find the min and max value of zener diode current\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Vz=50.\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "VSmax=120.0\t\t#in volts\n", + "VSmin=80.0\t\t#in volts\n", + "RL=10.0\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "Rs=5.0\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Vout=Vz\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "IL=Vout/RL\t\t#in mAmpere\n", + "\n", + "ISmax=(VSmax-Vout)/Rs\t#in mAmpere\n", + "Izmax=ISmax-IL\t\t#in mA\n", + "Ismin=(VSmin-Vout)/Rs#in mAmpere\n", + "Izmin=Ismin-IL#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Maximum zener diode current is \",Izmax,\"mA\"\n", + "print\"Minimum zener diode current is \",Izmin,\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.17 Page No. 175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 48, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "sereis Resistance is 192.3 ohm\n", + "The zener current will be minimum i.e. Izk = 6mA when load current is maximum i.e. ILmax = 20mA\n", + "when the load current will decrease and become 10 mA, the zener current will increase and become 6+10 i.e. 16 mA. \n", + "Thus the current through series resistance Rs will remain unchanged at 6+20 i.e. 26 mA. \n", + "Thus voltage drop in series resistance Rs will remain constant. Consequently, the output voltage will also remain constant. \n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.17\n", + "#Design a regulator\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Vz=15\t\t#in volts\n", + "Izk=6.0\t\t#in mA\n", + "Vout=15\t\t#in Volts\n", + "Vs=20\t\t#in Volts\n", + "ILmin=10.0\t#in mA\n", + "ILmax=20.0\t#in mA\n", + "RS=(Vs-Vz)*1000/(ILmax+Izk)\t#in ohm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"sereis Resistance is \",round(RS,1),\"ohm\"\n", + "print\"The zener current will be minimum i.e. Izk = 6mA when load current is maximum i.e. ILmax = 20mA\"\n", + "print\"when the load current will decrease and become 10 mA, the zener current will increase and become 6+10 i.e. 16 mA. \\nThus the current through series resistance Rs will remain unchanged at 6+20 i.e. 26 mA. \\nThus voltage drop in series resistance Rs will remain constant. Consequently, the output voltage will also remain constant. \"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.18 Page No. 175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 52, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "When zener open circuited Voltage across load is 8.73 V\n", + "Zener current is 0 mA\n", + "Power is 0.0 watt\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.18\n", + "#Determine Vl,Iz,Pz\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Vs=16.0\t\t #in volts\n", + "RL=1.2\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "Rs=1.0\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#If zener open circuited\n", + "VL=Vs*RL/(Rs+RL)\t#in Volts\n", + "Iz=0\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "Pz=VL*Iz\t\t#in watts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"When zener open circuited Voltage across load is \",round(VL,2),\"V\"\n", + "print\"Zener current is \",Iz,\"mA\"\n", + "print\"Power is\",Pz,\"watt\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.19 Page No. 126" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 64, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Zener diode will not conduct and VL= 9.5 V\n", + "When RL=200 ohm\n", + "IL is 47.62 mA\n", + "IR is 47.62 mA\n", + "Iz in mA: 0.0 mA\n", + "Zener diode will not conduct and VL= 3.7 V\n", + "When RL=50 ohm\n", + "IL is 74.07 mA\n", + "IR is 74.07 mA\n", + "Iz in mA: 0 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.19\n", + "#determine VL,IL,IZ,IR\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Vin=20\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "Rs=220.0\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "Vz=10\t\t \t#in volts\n", + "RL2=50.0\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "RL1=200\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "# part (i) RL=50\t#in Kohm\n", + "VL1=Vin*RL1/(RL+Rs)\n", + "IR=Vin/(Rs+RL)\t#in mA\n", + "IL=IR\t\t \t#in mA\n", + "IZ=0\t\t\t #in mA\n", + "\n", + "if VL1< Vz:\n", + " \n", + " print\"Zener diode will not conduct and VL=\",round(VL1,1),\"V\" \n", + "else:\n", + " print \"Zener diode will conduct\"\n", + "\n", + " \n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"When RL=200 ohm\"\n", + "print\"IL is\",round(IL*1000,2),\"mA\"\n", + "print\"IR is\",round(IR*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n", + "print\"Iz in mA: \",round(IZ,0),\"mA\"\n", + "\n", + "# part (ii) RL=200#in Kohm\n", + "RL=200\t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "VL2=Vin*RL2/(RL2+Rs)\n", + "IR=Vin/(Rs+RL2)\t\t#in mA\n", + "IL=IR\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "IZ=0\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "if VL2< Vz:\n", + " \n", + " print\"Zener diode will not conduct and VL=\",round(VL2,1),\"V\" \n", + "else:\n", + " print \"Zener diode will conduct\"\n", + "\n", + "print\"When RL=50 ohm\"\n", + "print\"IL is\",round(IL*1000,2),\"mA\"\n", + "print\"IR is\",round(IR*10**3,2),\"mA\"\n", + "print\"Iz in mA: \",IZ,\"mA\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.20 Page No. 176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 67, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "zener diode is ON state\n", + "Hence the voltage dropp across the 5 Kohm resistor in Volts is 50 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.20\n", + "#Find the voltage drop across the resistance\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "RL=10.0\t\t\t #in Kohm\n", + "Rs=5.0 #in Kohm\n", + "Vin=100\t\t\t #in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "V=Vin*RL/(RL+Rs)\t#in Volt\n", + "VZ=50\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "VL=VZ\t\t\t#in volts\n", + "#Apply KVL\n", + "VR=100-50\t\t#in Volts\n", + "VR=50\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "if V< VZ:\n", + " \n", + " print\"Zener diode is OFF state\" \n", + "else:\n", + " print \"zener diode is ON state\"\n", + "\n", + "print\"Hence the voltage dropp across the 5 Kohm resistor in Volts is \",VR,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.21 Page No. 176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 72, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The resistance Ri is 25.0 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 4.21\n", + "#Find the input resistance\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "RL=120.0\t\t\t#in ohm, load resistance\n", + "Izmin=20\t\t#in mA min. diode current\n", + "Izmax=200\t\t#in mA max. diode current\n", + "VL=12\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "VDCmin=15\t\t#in Volts\n", + "VDCmax=19.5\t\t#in Volts\n", + "Vz=12\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "IL=VL/RL\t\t#in Ampere\n", + "IL=IL*1000\t\t#in mAmpere\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#For VDCmin = 15 volts\n", + "VSmin=VDCmin-Vz\t\t#in Volts\n", + "#For VDCmax = 19.5 volts\n", + "VSmax=VDCmax-Vz\t\t#in Volts\n", + "ISmin=Izmin+IL\t\t#in mA\n", + "Ri=VSmin/ISmin\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "Ri=Ri*10**3\t\t#in ohm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"The resistance Ri is \",Ri,\"ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 4.22 Page No. 177" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 71, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Range of RL in Kohm : From 250.0 ohm to 1.25 kohm\n", + "Range of IL in mA : From 8.0 mA to 40.0 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa4.22\n", + "#Determine the range of Rl and Il\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "VRL=10\t\t\t#in Volts Diode resistance\n", + "Vi=50\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "R=1.0\t\t\t#in Kohm Resistance\n", + "Vz=10\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "VL=Vz\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "Izm=32\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "IR=(Vi-VL)/R\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "Izmin=0\t\t\t #in mA\n", + "ILmax=IR-Izmin\t\t#in mA\n", + "RLmin=VL/ILmax\t\t#in Ohm\n", + "Izmax=32\t\t #in mA\n", + "ILmin=IR-Izmax\t\t#in mA\n", + "VL=Vz\t\t\t #in Volts\n", + "RLmax=VL/ILmin\t\t#in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Range of RL in Kohm : From \",RLmin*1000,\"ohm to \",RLmax,\"kohm\"\n", + "print\"Range of IL in mA : From \",ILmin,\"mA to \",ILmax,\"mA\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch5.ipynb b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch5.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3795cda6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 5: Junction Properties (Continued)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 5.1 Page No 191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "When no external voltage is applied, Junction width is 3.9e-07 m\n", + "When external voltage of -10 Volt is applied, Junction width is 1.5e-06 m\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 5.1\n", + "#Estimate the junction width in two cases.\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "import math\n", + "ND=10**17 #in atoms/cm**3\n", + "NA=0.5*10**16 #in atoms/cm**3\n", + "Vo=0.7 #in Volts\n", + "V=-10.0 #in Volts\n", + "ND=ND*10**6 #in atoms/m**3\n", + "NA=NA*10**6 #in atoms/m**3\n", + "epsilon=8.85*10**-11 #in F/m\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19 #coulamb\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#part (i)\n", + "#print \"When no external voltage is applied i.e. V=0\"\n", + "#print\"VB = 0.7 volts\"\n", + "VB=0.7 #in Volts\n", + "W1=math.sqrt(2*epsilon*VB*(1/NA+1/ND)/e) #in m\n", + "\n", + "#part (ii)\n", + "#print\"When external voltage of -10 volt is applied\"\n", + "#print\"VB = Vo-V volts\"\n", + "VB=Vo-V #in Volts\n", + "W2=math.sqrt(2*epsilon*VB*(1/NA+1/ND)/e) #in m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"When no external voltage is applied, Junction width is \",round(W1,8),\"m\"\n", + "print\"When external voltage of -10 Volt is applied, Junction width is \",round(W2,7),\"m\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 5.3 Page No 195" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Junction capacitance is 21.59 pF\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 5.3\n", + "#Determine the junction capacitance\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "CTzero=50 #in pF\n", + "VR=8 #in Volt\n", + "VK=0.7 #in Volt\n", + "n=1/3.0 #for Si\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "CT=CTzero/((1+VR/VK)**n) #in pF\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Junction capacitance is\",round(CT,2),\"pF\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 5.4 Page No.196" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The tuning range of circuit lies between 318.31 khz and 1007.0 Mhz\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 5.4\n", + "#Determine the tuning range of the circuit\n", + "import math\n", + "#Given\n", + "L=12.5*10**-3 #mH inductance\n", + "C1=4.0 #pF Capacitance\n", + "C2=40.0 #pF Capacitance\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Ctmin=(C1*C1)/(C1+C1) #Min value of total Capacitance\n", + "Ctmax=(C2*C2)/(C2+C2) #Max value of total Capacitance\n", + "Fmax=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*Ctmin*10**-12))\n", + "Fmin=1/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(L*Ctmax*10**-12))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"The tuning range of circuit lies between\",round(Fmin/1000,2),\"khz and\",round(Fmax/1000,0),\"Mhz\"\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch6.ipynb b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch6.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5a300573 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,757 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 6: Bipolar junction Transistors (BJTs)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.1 page No.215" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Emitter current is 0.05 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.1\n", + "#find the Base current\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "Ic=9.95\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "Ie=10 \t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "Ib=Ie-Ic\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Emitter current is \",Ib,\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.2 page No. 216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 13, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Emitter current is 1.0 mA\n", + "Current amplification factor is 0.98\n", + "Current gain factor is 49.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.2\n", + "#Find (i)Emitter current (ii)Current amplification factor (iii)Current gain factor \n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "IC=0.98\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "IB=20.0\t\t\t#in uA\n", + "IB=IB*10**-3\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "#part (i)\n", + "IE=IB+IC\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#part (ii)\n", + "alpha=IC/IE\t\t#unitless\n", + "#part (iii)\n", + "Beta=IC/IB\t\t#unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Emitter current is\",IE,\"mA\"\n", + "print\"Current amplification factor is \",alpha\n", + "print\"Current gain factor is \",Beta" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.3 page No.216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Emitter current is 2.7 mA\n", + "Collector current is 2.65 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.3\n", + "#Emitter current and Collector current\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "alfaDC=0.98\t\t\t#unitless\n", + "ICBO=4\t\t\t\t#in uA\n", + "ICBO=ICBO*10**-3\t\t#in mA\n", + "IB=50\t\t\t\t#in uA\n", + "IB=IB*10**-3\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#Formula : IC=alfaDC*(IB+IC)+ICBO\n", + "IC=alfaDC*IB/(1-alfaDC)+ICBO/(1-alfaDC)\t#in mA\n", + "IE=IC+IB\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Emitter current is \",IE,\"mA\"\n", + "print\"Collector current is \",IC,\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.4 page No. 216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Collector current in mA : 1.09 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.4\n", + "#Find the collector current\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "IB=10\t\t\t#in uA\n", + "IB=IB*10**-3\t\t#in mA\n", + "Beta=99\t\t\t#Unitless\n", + "ICO=1\t\t\t#in uA\n", + "ICO=ICO*10**-3\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#Formula : IC=alfa*(IB+IC)+ICO\n", + "IC=Beta*IB+(1+Beta)*ICO\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Collector current in mA : \",IC,\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.5 Page No.216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "(i) Current gain factor is 98.0\n", + " Current amplification factor is 0.99\n", + " Emitter Current is 5.05 mA\n", + "(ii)New level of Ib is 101.0 micro A\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.5\n", + "#Find (i) alpha , beta and Ie \n", + "#(ii)New level of Ib\n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "Ic=5*10**-3 #mA collector current\n", + "Ic_=10*10**-3 #mA collector current\n", + "Ib=50*10**-6 #mA, Base current\n", + "Icbo=1*10**-6 #micro A, Current to base open current\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "beta=(Ic-Icbo)/(Ib+Icbo)\n", + "alpha=(beta/(1+beta))\n", + "Ie=Ib+Ic\n", + "\n", + "Ib=(Ic_-(beta+1)*Icbo)/(beta)\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"(i) Current gain factor is\",round(beta,0)\n", + "print\" Current amplification factor is\",round(alpha,2)\n", + "print\" Emitter Current is\",Ie*1000,\"mA\"\n", + "print\"(ii)New level of Ib is\",round(Ib*10**6,0),\"micro A\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.6 page No. 222" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Dynamic input resistance is 40 mohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.6\n", + "#Find the dynamic input resistance\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "delVEB=200\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "delIE=5\t\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "rin=delVEB/delIE\t\t#in ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Dynamic input resistance is \",rin,\"mohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.7 page No. 222" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Current gain : 0.979\n", + "Base current is 0.03 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.7\n", + "#Determine Current gain and base current\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "ICBO=12.5 \t\t\t#in uA\n", + "ICBO=ICBO*10**-3 \t\t#in mA\n", + "IE=2 \t\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "IC=1.97 \t\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "alfa=(IC-ICBO)/IE \t\t#unitless\n", + "IB=IE-IC \t\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Current gain : \",round(alfa,3)\n", + "print\"Base current is \",IB,\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.8 page No. 222" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 37, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Base current ia 0.03 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.8\n", + "#given data\n", + "RL=4.0 \t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "VL=3.0\t\t\t#in volt\n", + "alfa=0.96 \t\t#unitless\n", + "IC=VL/RL \t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "IE=IC/alfa \t\t#in mA\n", + "IB=IE-IC \t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Base current ia\",round(IB,2),\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.9 page No.227" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 41, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Collector-emitter Voltage is 9.2 V\n", + "Base current in uA : 41.67 microA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.9\n", + "#Determine Collector emitter voltage and base current\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "VCC=10\t\t\t #in volt\n", + "RL=800\t\t\t #in ohm\n", + "VL=0.8\t\t\t #in volt\n", + "alfa=0.96\t\t #unitless\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#VR=IC*RL\n", + "VCE=VCC-VL \t\t#in Volt\n", + "IC=VL*1000/RL \t\t#in mA\n", + "Beta=alfa/(1-alfa) \t#unitless\n", + "IB=IC/Beta \t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Collector-emitter Voltage is \",VCE,\"V\"\n", + "print\"Base current in uA : \",round(IB*1000,2),\"microA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.10 page No. 227" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 45, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Collector current is 11.28 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.10\n", + "#Determine Collector Current\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "alfao=0.98 \t\t#unitless\n", + "ICO=10 \t\t\t#in uA\n", + "ICO=ICO*10**-3 \t\t#in mA\n", + "IB=0.22 \t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "IC=(alfao*IB+ICO)/(1-alfao) \t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Collector current is\",IC,\"mA\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.11 page No. 228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 47, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Dynamic input resistance is 250 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.11\n", + "#determine Dynamic input resistance \n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "delVEB=250 \t\t#in mVolts\n", + "delIE=1 \t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "rin=delVEB/delIE \t#in ohm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Dynamic input resistance is\",rin,\"ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.12 page No. 228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 49, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Dynamic output resistance is 6.25 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.12\n", + "#Determine Dynamic output resistance\n", + "\n", + "#given data\n", + "delVCE=10-5 \t\t#in Volts\n", + "delIC=5.8-5\t \t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "rin=delVCE/delIC \t#in Kohm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Dynamic output resistance is \",rin,\"kohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.13 page No.232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Operating point Q is ( 5.2 V, 0.6 mA)\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff0e0cf5890>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.13\n", + "#Determine operating point\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "#given data\n", + "VCC=10 \t\t\t#in volt\n", + "RC=8 \t\t\t#in Kohm\n", + "Beta=40 \t\t#unitless\n", + "IB=15 \t\t\t#in uA\n", + "IB=IB*10**-3 \t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "# For VCE = 0 Volts\n", + "IC=VCC/RC \t\t#in mA\n", + "#For IC=0 VCE=VCC=10V :\n", + "IC=Beta*IB \t\t#in mA\n", + "VCE=VCC-IC*RC \t\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Operating point Q is (\",VCE,\"V,\",IC,\"mA)\"\n", + "\n", + "#Plot\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "fig = plt.figure()\n", + "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n", + "\n", + "Vce=[0,10]\n", + "Ic=[1.25,0]\n", + "plt.xlabel('Vce,V')\n", + "plt.ylabel('Ic,mA')\n", + "ax.plot([5.2], [0.6], 'o')\n", + "ax.annotate('(5.2V,0.6 mA)', xy=(5.4,0.7))\n", + "\n", + "a=plt.plot(Vce,Ic)\n", + "plt.show(a)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.14 page No. 232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 65, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Operating point at load resistance 5 kohm is ( 6.0 V, 1.2 mA)\n", + "Operating point at load resistance 7.5 kohm is ( 3.0 V, 1.2 mA)\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.14\n", + "#How will the Q point change when load resistance will be change\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "Vcc=12 \t\t#in Volt collector supply voltage\n", + "Ic=1.2 #A, collector current\n", + "Rl=5 #kohm load resistance\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rl #Collector emitter voltage\n", + "Rl1=7.5\n", + "Vce1=Vcc-Ic*Rl1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Operating point at load resistance 5 kohm is (\",Vce,\"V,\",Ic,\"mA)\"\n", + "print\"Operating point at load resistance 7.5 kohm is (\",Vce1,\"V,\",Ic,\"mA)\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.15 Page No.233" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Collector to emitter voltage is (Vce) 20 V\n", + "Collector current at saturation point is (Ic) 6.0 mA\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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+ "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7ff0b88bb790>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Example 6.15\n", + "#Given\n", + "Vcc=20 # V, collector voltage\n", + "Rc=3.3*10**3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#Appling kirchoff's Voltage Law\n", + "Ic=0 #for cut off point\n", + "Vce=Vcc\n", + "Ic=Vcc/Rc\n", + "print \"Collector to emitter voltage is (Vce)\",Vce,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Collector current at saturation point is (Ic)\",round(Ic*1000,0),\"mA\"\n", + "\n", + "#Plot\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "fig = plt.figure()\n", + "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n", + "\n", + "Vce=[0,20]\n", + "Ic=[6,0]\n", + "plt.xlabel(\"Vce (V)\") \n", + "plt.ylabel(\"Ic (mA)\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,25))\n", + "plt.ylim((0,8))\n", + "ax.plot([0], [6], 'o')\n", + "ax.annotate('(0,6mA)', xy=(0,6))\n", + "\n", + "ax.plot([20], [0], 'o')\n", + "ax.annotate('(20V,0)', xy=(20,0))\n", + "a=plt.plot(Vce,Ic)\n", + "plt.show(a)\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 6.16 page No. 233" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "collector voltage is -4.5 V\n", + "Base voltage is -8.3 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 6.16\n", + "#find collector voltage and base voltage\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "Beta=45 \t\t\t#Unitless\n", + "VBE=0.7 \t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "VCC=0 \t\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "RB=10**5 \t\t\t#in ohm\n", + "RC=1.2*10**3 \t\t\t#in ohm\n", + "VEE=-9 \t\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#Applying Kirchoffs Voltage Law in input loop we have\n", + "#IB*RB+VBE+VEE=0\n", + "IB=-(VBE+VEE)/RB \t\t#in mA\n", + "IC=Beta*IB \t\t\t#in mA\n", + "VC=VCC-IC*RC \t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "VB=VBE+VEE \t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"collector voltage is \",round(VC,1),\"V\"\n", + "print\"Base voltage is \",VB,\"V\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch7.ipynb b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch7.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..955aa6e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,468 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 7: Field effect Transistors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.1 page no. 262" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Resistance between gate and source is 10000.0 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.1\n", + "#What is Resistance between gate and source\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "VGS=10\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "IG=0.001\t\t#in uA\n", + "IG=IG*10**-6\t\t#in A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "RGS=VGS/IG\t\t#in ohm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Resistance between gate and source is \",RGS/10**6,\"ohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.2 page no.262" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "AC drain resistance of JFET in Kohm 12.5 kohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.2\n", + "#What is AC drain resistance of JFET\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "delVDS=1.5\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "delID=120\t\t\t#in uA\n", + "delID=120*10**-6\t\t#in A\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "rd=delVDS/delID\t\t\t#in Ohm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"AC drain resistance of JFET in Kohm \",rd*10**-3,\"kohm\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.3 page no. 262" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Transconductance is 2.22 mA/v\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.3\n", + "#Determine Transconductance\n", + "import math\n", + "#given data \n", + "VP=-4.5\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "IDSS=10.0\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "IDS=2.5\t\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "VGS=VP*(1-math.sqrt(IDS/IDSS))\t\t#in Volt\n", + "gm=(-2*IDSS/VP)*(1-VGS/VP)\t\t#in mA/Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Transconductance is\",round(gm,2),\"mA/v\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.4 page no. 262" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "VGS(OFF) is = -2.0 mV\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.4\n", + "#calculate Vgs off\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "gm=10\t\t\t#in mS\n", + "IDSS=10\t\t\t#in uA\n", + "IDSS=IDSS-10**-6\t#in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "VGS_OFF=-2*IDSS/gm\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"VGS(OFF) is =\",round(VGS_OFF),\"mV\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.5 page no. 262" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Drain current= 2.5 mA\n", + "VDS(min) is : -4.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.5\n", + "#Determine The minimum value of VDS for pinch-OFF region is equal to VP.\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "VP=-4.0\t\t\t #in Volt\n", + "IDSS=10.0\t\t\t #in mA\n", + "IDSS=IDSS*10**-3\t#in Ampere\n", + "VGS=-2.0 #in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "ID=IDSS*(1.0-VGS/VP)**2\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Drain current=\",ID*1000,\"mA\"\n", + "print\"VDS(min) is : \",VP,\"V\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.6 page no. 263" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "ID is 3.9 mA\n", + "gmo is 5.8 mS\n", + "gm is 3.9 mS\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.6\n", + "#Find the value of Id , gmo, gm\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "VP=-3.0\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "IDSS=8.7\t\t#in mA\n", + "IDSS=IDSS*10**-3\t#in mA\n", + "VGS=-1\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ID=IDSS*(1-VGS/VP)**2\t#in Ampere\n", + "gmo=-2*IDSS/VP\t\t#in mS\n", + "gm=gmo*(1-VGS/VP)\t#in mS\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"ID is \",round(ID*1000,1),\"mA\"\n", + "print\"gmo is\",round(gmo*1000,1),\"mS\"\n", + "print\"gm is \",round(gm*1000,1),\"mS\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.7 page no.263" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Drain current= 2.1 mA\n", + "Transconductance is 2.8 mS\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.7\n", + "#Find gm\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "VP=-3.0 \t\t#in Volt\n", + "IDSS=8.4 \t#in mA\n", + "VGS=-1.5 \t#in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ID=IDSS*(1-VGS/VP)**2 \t\t#in mA\n", + "gmo=-2*IDSS/VP \t\t\t#in mS\n", + "gm=gmo*(1-VGS/VP) \t\t#in mS\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"Drain current=\",ID,\"mA\"\n", + "print\"Transconductance is \",gm,\"mS\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.8 page no.263" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "IDS = 3 mA when gm is 2.31 mS\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.8\n", + "#What is gm \n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "VP=-4.5 \t\t #in Volt\n", + "IDSS=9 \t\t\t#in mA\n", + "IDSS=IDSS*10**-3 #in Ampere\n", + "IDS=3 \t\t\t #in mA\n", + "IDS=IDS*10**-3 \t\t#in Ampere\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "VGS=VP*(1-math.sqrt(IDS/IDSS)) \t#in Volt\n", + "gm=(-2*IDSS/VP)*(1-VGS/VP) \t\t#in mS\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"IDS = 3 mA when gm is \",round(gm*1000,2),\"mS\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.9 page no.271" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Transfer Characteristics are in mA 10.0 15.625 5.625 2.5 0.0\n", + "Transfer Characteristics for N channel MOSFET Type\n" + ] + }, + { + "data": { + "image/png": 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GAc9jdfOcBP4DPAZMLePniYS0sxfP0vs/vYmMiGR27GwqVVAJTMquuKTfDSvZ/xS4C0jz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\nRERERJzr/wFFhVeboXYOSQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n", + "text/plain": [ + "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7fb34db76e50>" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.9\n", + "#given data :\n", + "Vp=-4.0 \t\t\t #in Volt\n", + "IDSS=10.0 \t\t #in mA\n", + "#From eq 7.1\n", + "Vgs1=0\n", + "Id1=IDSS # mA, at Vgs=0\n", + "Vgs2=1\n", + "Id2=Id1*(1-Vgs2/Vp)**2 #mA, at Vgs=1\n", + "Vgs3=-1\n", + "Id3=Id1*(1-Vgs3/Vp)**2 #mA, at Vgs=1\n", + "Vgs4=-2\n", + "Id4=Id1*(1-Vgs4/Vp)**2 #mA, at Vgs=-2\n", + "Vgs5=-4\n", + "Id5=Id1*(1-Vgs5/Vp)**2 #mA, at Vgs=-4\n", + "\n", + "print \"Transfer Characteristics are in mA \",Id1,Id2,Id3,Id4,Id5\n", + "\n", + "#Plot\n", + "%matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "fig = plt.figure()\n", + "ax = fig.add_subplot(111)\n", + "\n", + "Vgs=[-4,-2,-1,0,1]\n", + "Id=[0,2.5,5.625,10,15.625]\n", + "plt.xlabel(\"Vgs (V)\") \n", + "plt.ylabel(\"Id (mA)\") \n", + "plt.xlim((-4,2))\n", + "plt.ylim((0,18))\n", + "ax.plot([0], [10], 'o')\n", + "ax.annotate('(Idss)', xy=(0,10))\n", + "\n", + "a=plt.plot(Vgs,Id)\n", + "\n", + "print \"Transfer Characteristics for N channel MOSFET Type\"\n", + "plt.show(a)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 7.10 page no.275" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "When VGS=6V the drain current is 1.25 mA\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 7.10\n", + "#Determine the drain current\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "ID_on=5 \t\t#in mA\n", + "VGS=6 \t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "VGS_on=8.0 \t\t#in Volt\n", + "VGST=4 \t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "K=ID_on/(VGS_on-VGST)**2 \t\t#in mA/V**2\n", + "ID=K*(VGS-VGST)**2 \t\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"When VGS=6V the drain current is \",ID,\"mA\"" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch8.ipynb b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..add2181f --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/Ch8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Chapter 8: Photonic Devices" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 8.1 Page no 293" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Steady state photocurrent density is 0.726 A/cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 8.1\n", + "#Find Steady state photocurrent density\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "NA=10**22 #in atoms/m**3\n", + "ND=10**22 #in atoms/m**3\n", + "De=25*10**-4 \t#in m**2/s\n", + "Dh=10**-3\t\t#in m**2/s\n", + "TAUeo=500\t\t#in ns\n", + "TAUho=100\t\t#in ns\n", + "ni=1.5*10**16\t\t#in atoms/m**3\n", + "VR=-10\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "epsilon=11.6*8.854*10**-12\t#in F/m\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t\t#in Coulamb\n", + "VT=26\t\t\t\t#in mV\n", + "GL=10**27\t\t\t#in m**-3 s**-1\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "Le=math.sqrt(De*TAUeo*10**-9)\t#in um\n", + "Le=Le*10**6\t\t\t#in um\n", + "Lh=math.sqrt(Dh*TAUho*10**-9)\t#in um\n", + "Lh=Lh*10**6\t\t\t#in um\n", + "Vbi=VT*10**-3*math.log(NA*ND/ni**2)\t#in Volt\n", + "Vo=Vbi\t\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "VB=Vo-VR\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "W=math.sqrt((2*epsilon*VB/e)*(1/NA+1/ND))\t#in um\n", + "W=W*10**6\t\t\t#in um\n", + "JL=e*(W+Le+Lh)*10**-6*GL\t#in A/cm**2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print \"Steady state photocurrent density is \",round(JL/10**4,3),\"A/cm**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 8.2 Page no 295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 5, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Steady state photocurrent density is 14.69 mA/cm**2\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 8.2\n", + "#Find Steady state photocurrent density\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "import math\n", + "W=25\t\t\t#in um\n", + "PhotonFlux=10**21\t#in m**2s**-1\n", + "alfa=10**5\t\t#in m**-1\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t#in Coulambs\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "GL1=alfa*PhotonFlux\t#in m**-3s**-1\n", + "GL2=alfa*PhotonFlux*math.exp(-alfa*W*10**-6)\t#in m**-3s**-1\n", + "JL=e*PhotonFlux*(1-math.exp(-alfa*W*10**-6))\t#in mA/cm**2\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Steady state photocurrent density is \",round(JL/10,2),\"mA/cm**2\"" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 8.3 Page no 304" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Open circuit voltage is 0.522 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 8.3\n", + "#DEtermine Open circuit voltage .\n", + "\n", + "#given data \n", + "NA=7.5*10**24\t\t#in atoms/m**3\n", + "ND=1.5*10**22\t\t#in atoms/m**3\n", + "De=25.0*10**-4\t\t#in m**2/s\n", + "Dh=10.0**-3\t\t#in m**2/s\n", + "TAUeo=500.0\t\t#in ns\n", + "TAUho=100.0\t\t#in ns\n", + "ni=1.5*10**16\t\t#in atoms/m**3\n", + "VR=-10.0\t\t\t#in Volt\n", + "epsilon=11.6*8.854*10**-12\t#in F/m\n", + "e=1.6*10**-19\t\t#in Coulamb\n", + "VT=26.0\t\t\t#in mV\n", + "GL=10.0**27\t\t#in m**-3 s**-1\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "import math\n", + "Le=math.sqrt(De*TAUeo*10**-9)\t#in m\n", + "Le=Le*10**6\t\t\t#in um\n", + "Lh=math.sqrt(Dh*TAUho*10**-9)\t#in m\n", + "Lh=Lh*10**6\t\t\t#in um\n", + "JS=e*(ni**2)*(De/(Le*10**-6*NA)+Dh/(Lh*10**-6*ND))\t#in A/cm**2\n", + "JL=12.5\t\t\t\t#in mA/cm**2\n", + "VOC=VT*math.log(1.0+((JL*10**-3)/(JS*10**-4)))\t\t#in Volt\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"Open circuit voltage is\",round(VOC/1000,3),\"V\"\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Example 8.4 Page no 304" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": { + "collapsed": false + }, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "The total no. of cells required : 1244.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "#Exa 8.4\n", + "#Find The total no. of cells required\n", + "#given data \n", + "Vout=28\t\t\t#in Volts\n", + "Vcell=0.45\t\t#in Volt\n", + "n=Vout/Vcell\t\t#Unitless\n", + "Iout=1\t\t\t#in A\n", + "Icell=50\t\t#in mA\n", + "\n", + "#Calculation\n", + "m=Iout/(Icell*10**-3)\t#unitless\n", + "\n", + "#Result\n", + "print\"The total no. of cells required : \",round(m*n)\n", + "#Note : Answer in the book is wrong." + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 2", + "language": "python", + "name": "python2" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 2 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", + "version": "2.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 0 +} diff --git a/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f612609a --- /dev/null +++ b/Fundamentals_Of_Electronic_Devices_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Contributed By: Rahul Garg +Course: btech +College/Institute/Organization: Gurgaon College of Engineering +Department/Designation: Electronics and Communication En +Book Title: Fundamentals Of Electronic Devices +Author: J. B. Gupta +Publisher: Katariya & Sons, New Delhi +Year of publication: 2009 +Isbn: 978-93-80027-74-6 +Edition: 1
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