add/update books

1 files changed, 341 insertions, 298 deletions

diff --git a/Fundamental_of_Electronics_Devices/Ch3.ipynb b/Fundamental_of_Electronics_Devices/Ch3.ipynb
index d78715cf..19b5eab1 100755
--- a/Fundamental_of_Electronics_Devices/Ch3.ipynb
+++ b/Fundamental_of_Electronics_Devices/Ch3.ipynb
@@ -1,298 +1,341 @@
-{

- "metadata": {

-  "name": ""

- },

- "nbformat": 3,

- "nbformat_minor": 0,

- "worksheets": [

-  {

-   "cells": [

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 1,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Chapter3 : Excess Carriers in Semiconductor"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 3,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 3.2 Page No 111"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "\n",

-      "l=6000                 #in Angstrum\n",

-      "h=6.6*10**(-34)             #Planks constant\n",

-      "c=3*10**8                   #speed of light in m/s\n",

-      "e=1.602*10**(-19)            #Constant\n",

-      "\n",

-      "phi=c*h/(e*l*10**(-10))\n",

-      "\n",

-      "print\"Minimum required energy is\",round(phi,2),\"eV \"\n"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Minimum required energy is 2.06 eV \n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 3

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 3,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 3.3 Page No 112"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "\n",

-      "Emax=2.5                   #maximum energy of emitted electrons in eV \n",

-      "l=2537.0                #in Angstrum\n",

-      "\n",

-      "EeV=12400.0/l           #in eV\n",

-      "phi=EeV-Emax               #in eV\n",

-      "\n",

-      "print \"Work function of the cathode material is \",round(phi,2),\"eV\""

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Work function of the cathode material is  2.39 eV\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 6

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 3,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 3.4 Page No 115"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "\n",

-      "t=0.46*10**-4                 #in centi meters\n",

-      "hf1=2                          #in ev\n",

-      "hf2=1.43\n",

-      "Pin=10                        #in mW\n",

-      "alpha=50000                   # in per cm\n",

-      "e=1.6*10**-19                 #constant\n",

-      "Io=0.01                   #in mW\n",

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "\n",

-      "It=Io*math.exp(-alpha*t)           #in mW\n",

-      "Iabs=Io-It\n",

-      "f=(hf1-hf2)/hf1\n",

-      "E=f*Iabs\n",

-      "N=Iabs/(e*hf1)\n",

-      "\n",

-      "print\"(i)Thus power absorbed is \",round(Iabs,3),\"J/s\"\n",

-      "print\"(ii)Energy converted into heat is\",round(E,4),\"J/s\"\n",

-      "print\"(iii)Number of photons per second given off from recombination events \",round(N,-14)\n",

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "(i)Thus power absorbed is  0.009 J/s\n",

-        "(ii)Energy converted into heat is 0.0026 J/s\n",

-        "(iii)Number of photons per second given off from recombination events  2.81e+16\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 1

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 3,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 3.5 Page No 123"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "\n",

-      "L=100                     #in uM\n",

-      "A=10&-7                   #in cm**2\n",

-      "th=10**-6                 #in sec\n",

-      "V=12                      #in Volts\n",

-      "ue=0.13                   #in m**2/V-s\n",

-      "uh=0.05                   #in m**2/V-s\n",

-      "\n",

-      "E=V/(L*10**-6)            #in V/m\n",

-      "tn=(L*10**-6)/(ue*E)\n",

-      "Gain=(1+uh/ue)*(th/tn)\n",

-      "\n",

-      "print\"Electron transit time in sec is \",round(tn,10),\"s\"\n",

-      "print\"Photoconductor gain is \",Gain"

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Electron transit time in sec is  6.4e-09 s\n",

-        "Photoconductor gain is  216.0\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 29

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 3,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 3.6 Page No128"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "Io=0.15                    #in uA\n",

-      "V=0.12                     #in mVolt\n",

-      "Vt=26                      #in mVolt\n",

-      "\n",

-      "I=Io*10**-6*(math.exp(V/(Vt*10**-3))-1)          #in A\n",

-      "\n",

-      "print\"Current flowing through diode is \",round(I*10**6,2),\"micra A\""

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Current flowing through diode is  15.0 micra A\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 30

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 3,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 3.7 Page No 128"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "\n",

-      "import math\n",

-      "Io=2.5              #in uA\n",

-      "I=10                #in mA\n",

-      "Vt=26               #in mVolt\n",

-      "n=2                 #for silicon\n",

-      "\n",

-      "V=n*Vt*10**-3*math.log((I*10**-3)/(Io*10**-6))\n",

-      "\n",

-      "print \"Forward voltage  is \",round(V,2),\"V\""

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Forward voltage  is  0.43 V\n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 31

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "heading",

-     "level": 3,

-     "metadata": {},

-     "source": [

-      "Example 3.8 Page No 128"

-     ]

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [

-      "\n",

-      "ND=10**21                #in m**-3\n",

-      "NA=10**22                #in m**-3\n",

-      "De=3.4*10**-3            #in m**2-s**-1\n",

-      "Dh=1.2*10**-3            #in m**2-s**-1\n",

-      "Le=7.1*10**-4            #in meters\n",

-      "Lh=3.5*10**-4            #in meters\n",

-      "ni=1.6*10**16            #in m**-3\n",

-      "e=1.602*10**-19          #constant\n",

-      "\n",

-      "IoA=e*ni**2*(Dh/(Lh*ND)+De/(Le*NA))\n",

-      "\n",

-      "print\"Reverse saturation current density is \",round(IoA*10**6,2),\"uA \""

-     ],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": [

-      {

-       "output_type": "stream",

-       "stream": "stdout",

-       "text": [

-        "Reverse saturation current density is  0.16 uA \n"

-       ]

-      }

-     ],

-     "prompt_number": 33

-    },

-    {

-     "cell_type": "code",

-     "collapsed": false,

-     "input": [],

-     "language": "python",

-     "metadata": {},

-     "outputs": []

-    }

-   ],

-   "metadata": {}

-  }

- ]

-}
\ No newline at end of file
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Chapter3 : Excess Carriers in Semiconductor"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 3.2 Page No 111"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Minimum required energy is 2.06 eV \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Example 3.2\n",
+    "#What is Minimum required energy \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#given data\n",
+    "l=6000                 #in Angstrum\n",
+    "h=6.6*10**(-34)             #Planks constant\n",
+    "c=3*10**8                   #speed of light in m/s\n",
+    "e=1.602*10**(-19)            #Constant\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#calculation\n",
+    "phi=c*h/(e*l*10**(-10))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#result\n",
+    "print\"Minimum required energy is\",round(phi,2),\"eV \"\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 3.3 Page No 112"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Work function of the cathode material is  2.39 eV\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Exa 3.3\n",
+    "#calculate Work function of the cathode material\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#given data\n",
+    "Emax=2.5                   #maximum energy of emitted electrons in eV \n",
+    "l=2537.0                #in Angstrum\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "EeV=12400.0/l           #in eV\n",
+    "phi=EeV-Emax               #in eV\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#result\n",
+    "print \"Work function of the cathode material is \",round(phi,2),\"eV\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 3.4 Page No 115"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "(i)Thus power absorbed is  0.009 J/s\n",
+      "(ii)Energy converted into heat is 0.0026 J/s\n",
+      "(iii)Number of photons per second given off from recombination events  2.81e+16\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Example 3.4\n",
+    "#Find (i)The fraction of each photon energy unit which is converted into heat\",f\n",
+    "#(ii)Energy converted into heat in ,((2-1.43)/2)*0.009,\"J/s\"\n",
+    "#(iii)Number of photons per second given off from recombination events \",0.009/(e*2)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#given data\n",
+    "t=0.46*10**-4                 #in centi meters\n",
+    "hf1=2                          #in ev\n",
+    "hf2=1.43\n",
+    "Pin=10                        #in mW\n",
+    "alpha=50000                   # in per cm\n",
+    "e=1.6*10**-19                 #constant\n",
+    "Io=0.01                   #in mW\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "It=Io*math.exp(-alpha*t)           #in mW\n",
+    "Iabs=Io-It\n",
+    "f=(hf1-hf2)/hf1\n",
+    "E=f*Iabs\n",
+    "N=Iabs/(e*hf1)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#result\n",
+    "print\"(i)Thus power absorbed is \",round(Iabs,3),\"J/s\"\n",
+    "print\"(ii)Energy converted into heat is\",round(E,4),\"J/s\"\n",
+    "print\"(iii)Number of photons per second given off from recombination events \",round(N,-14)\n",
+    "#In book there is calculation mistake in Number of photons."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 3.5 Page No 123"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 29,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Electron transit time in sec is  6.4e-09 s\n",
+      "Photoconductor gain is  216.0\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Example 3.5\n",
+    "#What is Photoconductor gain \n",
+    "#Electron transit time.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#given data\n",
+    "L=100                     #in uM\n",
+    "A=10&-7                   #in cm**2\n",
+    "th=10**-6                 #in sec\n",
+    "V=12                      #in Volts\n",
+    "ue=0.13                   #in m**2/V-s\n",
+    "uh=0.05                   #in m**2/V-s\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "E=V/(L*10**-6)            #in V/m\n",
+    "tn=(L*10**-6)/(ue*E)\n",
+    "Gain=(1+uh/ue)*(th/tn)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#result\n",
+    "print\"Electron transit time in sec is \",round(tn,10),\"s\"\n",
+    "print\"Photoconductor gain is \",Gain"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 3.6 Page No128"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 30,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Current flowing through diode is  15.0 micra A\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Example3.6\n",
+    "#Calculate Current flowing through diode .\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#given datex\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "Io=0.15                    #in uA\n",
+    "V=0.12                     #in mVolt\n",
+    "Vt=26                      #in mVolt\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#calculation\n",
+    "I=Io*10**-6*(math.exp(V/(Vt*10**-3))-1)          #in A\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#result\n",
+    "print\"Current flowing through diode is \",round(I*10**6,2),\"micra A\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 3.7 Page No 128"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 31,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Forward voltage  is  0.43 V\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Exa 3.7\n",
+    "#Determine the Forward voltage \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#given data\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "Io=2.5              #in uA\n",
+    "I=10                #in mA\n",
+    "Vt=26               #in mVolt\n",
+    "n=2                 #for silicon\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "V=n*Vt*10**-3*math.log((I*10**-3)/(Io*10**-6))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"Forward voltage  is \",round(V,2),\"V\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Example 3.8 Page No 128"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 33,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Reverse saturation current density is  0.16 uA \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Example 3.8\n",
+    "#What is Reverse saturation current density \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#given data\n",
+    "ND=10**21                #in m**-3\n",
+    "NA=10**22                #in m**-3\n",
+    "De=3.4*10**-3            #in m**2-s**-1\n",
+    "Dh=1.2*10**-3            #in m**2-s**-1\n",
+    "Le=7.1*10**-4            #in meters\n",
+    "Lh=3.5*10**-4            #in meters\n",
+    "ni=1.6*10**16            #in m**-3\n",
+    "e=1.602*10**-19          #constant\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#calculation\n",
+    "IoA=e*ni**2*(Dh/(Lh*ND)+De/(Le*NA))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print\"Reverse saturation current density is \",round(IoA*10**6,2),\"uA \""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.3"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}