Merge pull request #1 from debashisdeb/master

removing problem statements from all the chapters to avoid copyright violations

15 files changed, 49 insertions, 99 deletions

diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch10.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch10.ipynb
index 6cd12465..40d88cd4 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch10.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch10.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "ch10"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:89c91579d721ed0f833b399593203d4eb19421ab1695bc830f1be612e46bd826"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Estimate Interchange Coefficients in Bubbling Beds\n",
+      "\n",
       "from numpy import *\n",
       "%pylab inline\n",
       "#Variable declaration\n",
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@
        ]
       },
       {
+       "metadata": {},
        "output_type": "display_data",
        "png": 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dO2fNAg4cEE/b8IMfAL/+tXgiN4NB6rREZOu6XLMPDAzErl274OnpiYiICJw8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\nRU5ErkJggg==\n"
       },
@@ -165,9 +167,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Compare the Relative Importance of Kbc and Kce\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "D=0.69;         #Diffusion coefficient of gas in cm**2/s\n",
       "umf=1.0;        #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in cm/s\n",
       "ephsilonmf=0.5; #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n",
@@ -231,9 +231,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Compare Interchange Rates for Adsorbed and Nonadsorbed Gases\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "Kbe=[0.028,0.05];  #Reported range for gas interchange coefficient between bubble and emulsion\n",
       "uo=0.30;           #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n",
       "db=0.13;           #Equilibrium bubble size in m\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch11.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch11.ipynb
index b665def9..4c2d2fd3 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch11.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch11.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": ""
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:69d28aca1d8ec525f15842df275d6e6c6108139c968df651029692a500222ce7"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -48,9 +49,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Fitting Reported Mass Transfer Data with the Bubbling Bed Model\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "db=0.37;         #Equilibrium bubble size in cm\n",
       "dp=0.028;        #Particle size in cm\n",
       "rhos=1.06;       #Density of solids in g/cc\n",
@@ -202,9 +201,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Fitting Reported Heat Transfer Data with the Bubbling Bed Model\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "rhos=1.3;                #Density of solids in g/cc\n",
       "phis=0.806;              #Sphericity of solids\n",
       "gammab=0.001;            #Ratio of volume of dispersed solids to that of bubble phase\n",
@@ -293,7 +290,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Heating a Particle in a Fluidized Bed\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch12.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch12.ipynb
index d49e64ff..1fc80a09 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch12.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch12.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "ch12"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:3cabb972e9b40cc3c2621280c95233b4046eb8d671e52d74d499a7e149a3d9aa"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Fine Particle (Geldart A) Bubbling Bed Reactor\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
@@ -93,7 +94,6 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Commercial-Sized Phthalic Anhydride Reactor\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
@@ -181,7 +181,6 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Bubbling Bed Reactor for Intermediate Sized Reactor\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
@@ -260,7 +259,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Reaction in the Slow Bubble Regime\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
@@ -315,7 +314,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Conversion in the Freeboard of a Reactor\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch13.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch13.ipynb
index 06efb739..18536015 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch13.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch13.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "ch13"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a97460b196d7b42e945dcfefc11684cc1c39c5847f8b0bdc9e3f6cdcd94bfcc3"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#h on a Horizontal Tube Bank\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dp=57.0;         #Particle size in micrometer\n",
       "rhos=940.0;      #Density of solids in kg/m**3\n",
       "Cps=828.0;       #Specific heat capacity of the solid in J/kg K\n",
@@ -103,9 +102,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Effect of Gas Properties on h\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dp=80.;              #Particle size in micrometer\n",
       "rhos=2550.;          #Density of solids in kg/m**3\n",
       "Cps=756.;            #Specific heat capacity of the solid in J/kg K\n",
@@ -172,9 +169,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Effect of Particle Size on h\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "rhos=2700.;        #Density of solids in kg/m**3\n",
       "Cps=755.;          #Specific heat capacity of the solid in J/kg K\n",
       "ks=1.2;            #Thermal conductivity of solids in W/m k\n",
@@ -237,7 +232,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Freeboard Heat Exchange\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch14.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch14.ipynb
index 1367f2cc..c3aead0d 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch14.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch14.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": ""
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:a7839feeb371e4231dbf99a0d3738674ff633956f5fb373aea54d56b513c13f8"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -86,7 +87,6 @@
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
       "\n",
-      "#Flow with Elutriation and Change in Density of Solids\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
@@ -233,9 +233,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Single-Size Feed of Shrinking Particles\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dp=1;  #Particle size in mm\n",
       "Fo=10; #Feed rate in kg/min\n",
       "k=0.1; #Particle shrinkage rate in mm/min\n",
@@ -272,7 +270,6 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Wide Size Distribution of Shrinking Particle\n",
       "\n",
       "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dpi=[1.05,0.95,0.85,0.75,0.65,0.55,0.45,0.35,0.25,0.15,0.05]; #Mean size in mm\n",
@@ -326,7 +323,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Elutriation and Attrition of Catalyst\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch15.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch15.ipynb
index 77a4d951..09c02451 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch15.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch15.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "ch15"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:b0605e72f5da8476b3859cf3dc90196dcbe80cabc58b8c8d37cf5b28482c7ee1"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Circulation Rate when Deactivation Controls\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
@@ -73,7 +74,6 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Circulation Rate when Heat Duty Controls\n",
       "\n",
       "#Variable declaration\n",
       "deltaHr1=1260.;                               #Enthalpy change during endothermic reaction in kJ/kg\n",
@@ -161,9 +161,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Aeration of Fine Particle Downcomer\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "Fs=100.;        #Solid flowrate in kg/s\n",
       "ephsilon1=0.55;\n",
       "ephsilon2=0.5;\n",
@@ -216,7 +214,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Circulation in Side-by-Side Beds\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch16.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch16.ipynb
index 1ad8955d..e835e890 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch16.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch16.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": ""
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:1a37ab741ccda7f67c7de1085d3807de9fa5a11a3111916ad9502a04f1c58721"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Single-Stage Limestone Calciner\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable Declaration\n",
       "T=1000.;       #Operating temperature of calciner in degree celcius\n",
       "deltaHr=1795.; #Heat of reaction in kJ/kg\n",
       "M1=0.1;        #Molecular weight of Calcium carbonate in kg/mol\n",
@@ -192,9 +191,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Multistage Adsorber\n",
       "\n",
-      "#INPUT\n",
       "T=20;         #Temeprature in degree C\n",
       "M=0.018;      #Molecular weight of water in kg/mol\n",
       "Q=10;         #Flow rate of dry air in m**3/s\n",
@@ -324,7 +321,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Solvent Recovery from Polymer Particles\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch17.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch17.ipynb
index a51249d4..77951e94 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch17.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch17.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "ch17"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:82e0373b19da96ab8fd50304caf9cd3e08cf8bad10412b0998bf9110f7a5ae63"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Reactor Development Program\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable Declaration\n",
       "dt=[0.081,0.205,3.6]; #Reactor diameter for the three reactors in m\n",
       "dte=[0.04,0.12,0.70]; #Equivalent diameters for the three reactors in m\n",
       "db=[0.05,0.057,0.07]; #Estimated bubble size in the three reactors in m\n",
@@ -201,9 +200,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Design of a Commercial Acrylonitrile Reactor\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable Declaration\n",
       "deltaHr=5.15E8; #Heat of reaction in J/k mol\n",
       "W=5E4;          #Weight of acrylonitirle produced per 334-day year in tonnes\n",
       "db=0.07;        #Estimated bubble size in m\n",
@@ -287,9 +284,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Reactor-Regenerator with Circulating Catalyst: Catalytic Cracking\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable Declaration\n",
       "db=0.08;       #Estimated bubble size in m\n",
       "dte=2;         #Equivalent diameter in m\n",
       "F1=55.6;       #Feed rate of oil in kg/s\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch18.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch18.ipynb
index 6826590f..281bc4a5 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch18.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch18.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": ""
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:3eba5bf9f8e98dcb46f4a3b03f9f7fa4b342f8fb2d0d8b697e9a50303c32aa8f"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Kinetics of Zinc Blende Roasting\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable Declaration\n",
       "xA=0.08;      #Fraction of oxygen in stream\n",
       "dp=[2,0.1];   #Particle diameter in mm\n",
       "rhos=4130;    #Density of catalyst in kg/m**3\n",
@@ -88,9 +87,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Kinetics of Carbon Burning\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable Declaration\n",
       "xA=0.08;   #Fraction of oxygen in stream\n",
       "dp=1;      #Particle diameter in mm\n",
       "rhos=2200; #Density of catalyst in kg/m**3\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch3.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch3.ipynb
index cd21b1dd..72abab33 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch3.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch3.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "ch3"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:c2d23a740208e3823c43d8afcfc0ef305894f28fcd5f9e9793f1f1c6fe8b25f1"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Size Measure of Nonuniform Solids\n",
       "\n",
-      "#INPUT\n",
       "weight = [0,60,150,270,330,360.0];        # Weight in grams for the oversized particles\n",
       "psize = [50,75,100,125,150,175];          #PSD in micrometers\n",
       "\n",
@@ -140,9 +139,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Estimation of terminal velocity of falling particles\n",
       "\n",
-      "#INPUT\n",
       "rhog=1.2e-3;    #Density of air in g/cc\n",
       "myu=1.8e-4      #Viscosity of air in g/cm s\n",
       "dpbar=0.016     #Mean diameter of solids in centimeter\n",
@@ -189,9 +186,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Prediction of flow regime\n",
       "\n",
-      "#INPUT\n",
       "rhos=1.5;                 #Density of Solid in g/cc\n",
       "uo1=40; uo2=80;           #Superficial gas velocity in cm/s\n",
       "dp1=0.006; dp2=0.045;     #Particle size in centimeter\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch4.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch4.ipynb
index 3ff36672..cbd2e1e4 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch4.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch4.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": ""
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:66650a76faf5eec3efd8e3c62ecb57addf32e1a6b2cb5d90995ca785777b9427"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "Design of a Perforated Plate Distributor\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dt=4;               #Vessel diameter in m\n",
@@ -137,9 +138,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Design of a Tuyere Distributor\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "lor=0.1;      #Minimum allowable tuyere spacing in m\n",
       "uorm=30;      #Maximum allowable jet velocity from the tuyere in m/s\n",
       "uo=0.4;       #Superficial velocity of gas in m/s\n",
@@ -218,9 +217,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Power Requirement for a Fluidized Coal Combustor(FBC)\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "deltapd=[3,10]    #Distributor pressure drop in kPa\n",
       "deltapd2=10.0;    #Distributor pressure drop in kPa\n",
       "po=101.0;         #Entering air pressure in kPa\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch5.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch5.ipynb
index 4fb61904..791c6af2 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch5.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch5.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "ch5"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:502044f71f0f4f73ada9ff3f4a68fa509018810bcbdaf16eaa17d381758e9755"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Charactersitics of a Single Bubble\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dt=60.0;        #ID of tube in cm \n",
       "dp=300;         #Size of particles of bed in micrometers\n",
       "umf=3;          #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in cm/s\n",
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Initial Bubble Size at a Distributor\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch6.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch6.ipynb
index 39b1fc56..9c4f2311 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch6.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch6.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": ""
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:432c74872bfc5b3cdf6cd2ab6c97c0ab1581b40f382e3a1bf8502ef1c3f981bb"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Bubble Size and Rise Velocity in Geldart A Beds\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "z=0.5;     #Height of bed in m\n",
       "dt=0.5;    #ID of tube in m\n",
       "rhos=1.6;  #Density of catalyst in g/cm**3\n",
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Bubble Size and Rise Velocity in Geldart B Beds\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
@@ -214,9 +213,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Scale-down of a Commercial Chlorinator\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dpbar=53.;      #Average particle size in micrometer\n",
       "s=[1,2];        #Size of Bermuda rock in cm \n",
       "rhosbar=3200.;  #Average solid density of the coke-zircon mixture in kg/m**3\n",
@@ -272,7 +269,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Reactor Scale-up for Geldart A Catalyst\n",
+      "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
       "#Variable declaration\n",
@@ -442,9 +439,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Reactor Scale-up for Geldart B Catalyst\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dtb=20;          #ID of bench-scale reactor\n",
       "dtp=1;           #ID of pilot reactor\n",
       "dpbar=200;       #Average particle size in micrometer\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch7.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch7.ipynb
index d666d2ab..aafc2f66 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch7.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch7.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": ""
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:8eb00dc3983a05f0d88bd9a81e8b022860563cdbf1df8dacf4157210feb1c3ce"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,8 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Entrainment from Fine Particle Beds with High Freeboard\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "\n",
       "rhog=5.51;  #Density of gas in kg/m**3\n",
       "rhos=1200;  #Density of solid in kg/m**3\n",
       "dpbar=130;  #Average size of particles in micrometer\n",
@@ -72,9 +72,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Entrainment from Large Particle Beds with High Freeboard\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "x=0.2;          #Fraction of fines in the bed\n",
       "Gsstar=4.033320 #Rate of entrainment in kg/m**2s(from Exa.1)\n",
       "\n",
@@ -110,9 +108,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Entrainment from Beds with a Wide Size Distribution of Solids\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "rhog=5.51;                    #Density of gas in kg/m**3\n",
       "rhos=1200;                    #Density of solid in kg/m**3\n",
       "uo=0.61;                      #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n",
@@ -176,9 +172,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#k* from Steady State Experiments\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "dp=[40,60,80,100,120]; #Diameter of particle in micrometer\n",
       "uo=0.381;              #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n",
       "\n",
@@ -242,7 +236,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Comparing Predictions for k*\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
@@ -349,7 +343,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Entrainment from a Short Vessel Ht<TDH\n",
+      "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",
       "#Variable declaration\n",
diff --git a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch9.ipynb b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch9.ipynb
index f17e97e9..5087d780 100644
--- a/Fluidization_Engineering/ch9.ipynb
+++ b/Fluidization_Engineering/ch9.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "ch9"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:52ff353152f32e41c2e832a90f993fbd3f11b7f2a5fbb5e4f20eb7599a61f880"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Vertical Movement of Solids\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "umf=0.015;                 #Velocity at minimum fluidization condition in m/s\n",
       "ephsilonmf=0.5;            #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n",
       "uo=0.1;                    #Superficial gas velocity in m/s\n",
@@ -100,9 +99,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Horizontal Drift Of Solids\n",
       "\n",
-      "#Variable declaration\n",
       "Lmf=0.83;                          #Length of bed at minimum fluidization condition in m\n",
       "dp=450.0;                          #Average particle size in micrometer\n",
       "ephsilonmf=0.42;                   #Void fraction at minimum fluidization condition\n",
@@ -194,7 +191,7 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
      "input": [
-      "#Design of Baffle Plates\n",
+      "\n",
       "\n",
       "import math\n",
       "\n",