Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books

 A  Basic_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_Rayner_Joel/README.txt
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter10.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter11.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter12.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter13.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter14.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter2.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter3.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter4.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter5.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter6.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter8.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter9.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/screenshots/1.png
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/screenshots/2.png
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/screenshots/3.png
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/Chapter2_1.ipynb
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/Chapter3_1.ipynb
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/Chapter4_1.ipynb
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/Chapter6_1.ipynb
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/Chapter7_1.ipynb
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/Chapter8_1.ipynb
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/Chapter9_1.ipynb
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/screenshots/chapter2_1.png
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/screenshots/chapter3_1.png
A  High_Voltage_Engineering_by_V_Kamaraju_,_M_S_Naidu/screenshots/chapter4_1.png
A  Introduction_to_Electrical_Engineering_by_Er._J.P._Navani_&_Er._Sonal_Sapra/README.txt

1 files changed, 721 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter13.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter13.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12870058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter13.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,721 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# 13: Fibre Optics"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.1, Page number 375"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.24413\n",
+      "maximum entrance angle is 14.13 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration    \n",
+    "n1=1.5;     #core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.48;    #cladding refractive index\n",
+    "n=1;\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);       #numerical aperture\n",
+    "i0=math.asin(NA/n);             #maximum entrance angle(radian)\n",
+    "i0=i0*180/math.pi;         #maximum entrance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,5)\n",
+    "print \"maximum entrance angle is\",round(i0,2),\"degrees\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.2, Page number 376"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "core refractive index is 1.6025\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 8.6 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration    \n",
+    "n0=1.33;     #water refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.59;    #cladding refractive index\n",
+    "NA=0.2;     #numerical aperture\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "n1=math.sqrt(NA**2+n2**2);      #core refractive index      \n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2)/n0;       #numerical aperture\n",
+    "i0=math.asin(NA);             #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "i0=i0*180/math.pi;         #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"core refractive index is\",round(n1,4)\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(i0,1),\"degrees\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.3, Page number 376"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.304\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 17.7 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration    \n",
+    "n1=1.36;     #core refractive index\n",
+    "delta=0.025;    #relative difference\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "NA=n1*math.sqrt(2*delta);       #numerical aperture\n",
+    "i0=math.asin(NA);             #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "i0=i0*180/math.pi;         #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,3)\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(i0,1),\"degrees\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.4, Page number 376"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.3873\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 22.79 degrees\n",
+      "critical angle is 75.16 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration    \n",
+    "n1=1.5;     #core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.45;     #cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "delta=(n1-n2)/n1;    #relative difference\n",
+    "NA=n1*math.sqrt(2*delta);       #numerical aperture\n",
+    "i0=math.asin(NA);             #acceptance angle(radian)\n",
+    "i0=i0*180/math.pi;            #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "theta_c=math.asin(n2/n1);     #critical angle(radian)\n",
+    "theta_c=theta_c*180/math.pi;            #critical angle(degrees)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,4)\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(i0,2),\"degrees\"\n",
+    "print \"critical angle is\",round(theta_c,2),\"degrees\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.5, Page number 377"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "core refractive index is 1.42\n",
+      "cladding refractive index is 1.407\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration    \n",
+    "NA=0.22;    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "delta=0.012;    #relative difference\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "N=1-delta;\n",
+    "n1=math.sqrt(NA**2/(1-N**2));      #core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=N*n1;     #cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"core refractive index is\",round(n1,2)\n",
+    "print \"cladding refractive index is\",round(n2,3)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.6, Page number 377"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "acceptance angle is 23.6 degrees\n",
+      "critical angle is 81.9 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration    \n",
+    "NA=0.40;    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "delta=1/100;    #relative difference\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "i0=math.asin(NA);      #acceptance angle(radians)\n",
+    "i0=i0*180/math.pi;     #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "N=1-delta;\n",
+    "thetac=math.asin(N);     #critical angle(radians)\n",
+    "thetac=thetac*180/math.pi;     #critical angle(degrees)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(i0,1),\"degrees\"\n",
+    "print \"critical angle is\",round(thetac,1),\"degrees\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.7, Page number 378"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "core refractive index is 1.5\n",
+      "cladding refractive index is 1.3\n",
+      "numerical aperture is 0.75\n",
+      "answer for numerical aperture varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration    \n",
+    "vf=3*10**8;      #velocity of light in free space(m/s)\n",
+    "vc=2*10**8;      #velocity of light in core(m/s)\n",
+    "thetac=60*math.pi/180;     #critical angle(radians)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "n1=vf/vc;       #core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=n1*math.sin(thetac);     #cladding refractive index\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"core refractive index is\",n1\n",
+    "print \"cladding refractive index is\",round(n2,1)\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",NA\n",
+    "print \"answer for numerical aperture varies due to rounding off errors\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.8, Page number 378"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.3905\n",
+      "acceptance angle is 23.0 degrees\n",
+      "critical angle is 75.4 degrees\n",
+      "number of reflections per metre is 5206\n",
+      "answer for number of reflections in the textbook is wrong\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "n1=1.55;       #core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.50;     #cladding refractive index\n",
+    "d=50*10**-6;     #core diameter(micro m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "NA=math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "i0=math.asin(NA);      #acceptance angle(radians)\n",
+    "i0=i0*180/math.pi;     #acceptance angle(degrees)\n",
+    "thetac=math.asin(n2/n1);     #critical angle(radians)\n",
+    "theta_c=thetac*180/math.pi;     #critical angle(degrees)\n",
+    "x=d*math.tan(thetac);\n",
+    "n=1/x;        #number of reflections per metre  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,4)\n",
+    "print \"acceptance angle is\",round(i0),\"degrees\"\n",
+    "print \"critical angle is\",round(theta_c,1),\"degrees\"\n",
+    "print \"number of reflections per metre is\",int(n)\n",
+    "print \"answer for number of reflections in the textbook is wrong\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.9, Page number 379"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "numerical aperture is 0.375\n",
+      "critical angle is 75.93 degrees\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "delta=0.03;    #relative difference\n",
+    "i0=22*math.pi/180;      #acceptance angle(radians)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "NA=math.sin(i0);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "N=1-delta;\n",
+    "thetac=math.asin(N);     #critical angle(radians)\n",
+    "theta_c=thetac*180/math.pi;     #critical angle(degrees)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"numerical aperture is\",round(NA,3)\n",
+    "print \"critical angle is\",round(theta_c,2),\"degrees\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.10, Page number 379"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 27,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "velocity of light in fibre core is 2.48 *10**8 m/s\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "delta=0.0045;    #relative difference\n",
+    "i0=0.115;      #acceptance angle(radians)\n",
+    "v=3*10**8;      #velocity of light(m/s)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "NA=math.sin(i0);    #numerical aperture\n",
+    "n1=NA/math.sqrt(2*delta);     #core refractive index\n",
+    "vcore=v/n1;      #velocity of light in fibre core(m/s)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"velocity of light in fibre core is\",round(vcore/10**8,3),\"*10**8 m/s\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.11, Page number 381"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 29,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "diameter of core is 3.79 *10**-6 m\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "V=2.405;     #V-number\n",
+    "lamda=8500*10**-10;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "n1=1.48;       #core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.47;     #cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "d=V*lamda/(math.pi*math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2));     #diameter of core(m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"diameter of core is\",round(d*10**6,2),\"*10**-6 m\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.12, Page number 381"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 32,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "maximum radius for fibre is 3.76 micro m\n",
+      "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "V=2.405;     #V-number\n",
+    "lamda=1300*10**-3;    #wavelength(micro m)\n",
+    "n1=1.466;       #core refractive index\n",
+    "n2=1.46;     #cladding refractive index\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "r=V*lamda/(2*math.pi*math.sqrt(n1**2-n2**2));     #maximum radius for fibre(micro m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"maximum radius for fibre is\",round(r,2),\"micro m\"\n",
+    "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.13, Page number 381"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 34,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "diameter of fibre core is 91.5 micro m\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "lamda=1.3;    #wavelength(micro m)\n",
+    "n1=1.5;       #core refractive index\n",
+    "Nm=1100;      #number of modes\n",
+    "delta=0.01;   #refractive index difference\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "d=lamda*math.sqrt(Nm/delta)/(math.pi*n1);     #diameter of fibre core(micro m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"diameter of fibre core is\",round(d,1),\"micro m\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.14, Page number 382"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 40,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "number of guided modes is 459.0\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "lamda=1.1*10**-6;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "r=60/2*10**-6;     #radius(m)\n",
+    "NA=0.25;         #numerical aperture\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "V=2*math.pi*r*NA/lamda;    \n",
+    "Nm=V**2/4;     #number of guided modes\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"number of guided modes is\",round(Nm)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.15, Page number 387"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 43,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "fibre loss is 12.0412 dB/km\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "L=500/1000;     #length(km)\n",
+    "P0byPi=25/100;     #optical power\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "dB=-10*math.log10(P0byPi)/L;     #fibre loss(dB/km)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"fibre loss is\",round(dB,4),\"dB/km\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Example number 13.16, Page number 387"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 59,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "output power is 2.005 micro W\n",
+      "answer given in the textbook is wrong\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration \n",
+    "L=10;     #length(km)\n",
+    "dB=2.3;   #fibre loss(dB/km)\n",
+    "Pi=400;    #input power(micro W)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculations\n",
+    "P0=10**(-dB*L/10)*Pi;         #output power(micro W)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"output power is\",round(P0,3),\"micro W\"\n",
+    "print \"answer given in the textbook is wrong\""
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 2",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python2"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 2
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+   "version": "2.7.11"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}