Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books

 A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch11_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch12_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch15_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch16_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch1_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch3_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch5_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch6_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch7_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch8_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/Ch9_1.ipynb
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/screenshots/ConGruenceEqn.png
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/screenshots/DivisionAlgo.png
A  Discrete_Mathematics_by_S._Lipschutz,_M._Lipson_And_V._H._Patil/screenshots/EuclideanAlgo.png
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch10_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch11_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch12_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch13_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch1_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch2_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch3_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch4_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch5_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch6_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch7_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch8_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/Ch9_1.ipynb
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/screenshots/opNip3_1.png
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/screenshots/opNipV3_1.png
A  Electronic_Devices_And_Circuits_by_B._Kumar_And_S._B._Jain/screenshots/transferChar3_1.png
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter10_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter11_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter12_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter13_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter14_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter1_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter2_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter3_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter4_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter5_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter6_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter8_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter9_1.ipynb
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/screenshots/1_1.png
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/screenshots/2_1.png
A  Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/screenshots/3_1.png
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter10_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter11_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter12_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter13_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter14_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter2_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter3_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter4_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter5_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter6_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter7_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter8_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/Chapter9_1.ipynb
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/screenshots/Ch13AngularDisplacement.png
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/screenshots/Ch13LateralDisplacement.png
A  Fiber_Optics_and_Optoelectronics_by_R._P._Khare/screenshots/Ch13LongitudinalDisplacement.png
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch10_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch11_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch12_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch1_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch2_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch3_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch4_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch5_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch6_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch7_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch8_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/Ch9_1.ipynb
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/screenshots/Ch9MolFracNMolVol_1.png
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/screenshots/Ch9_molarFracNMolVol_1.png
A  Introduction_To_Chemical_Engineering_Thermodynamics_by_G._Halder/screenshots/ch10_consistency_1.png
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_10_ACTIVE_MICROWAVE_CIRCUITS_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_12_INTRODUCTION_TO_MICROWAVE_SYSTEMS_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_1_ELECTROMAGNETIC_THEORY_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_2_TRANSMISSION_LINE_THEORY_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_3_TRANSMISSION_LINE_AND_WAVEGUIDES_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_4_MICROWAVE_NETWORK_ANALYSIS_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_5_IMPEDENCE_MATCHING_AND_TUNNING_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_6_MICROWAVE_RESONATORS_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_7_POWER_DIVIDERS_DIRECTIONAL_COUPLERS_AND_HYBRIDS_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_8_MICROWAVE_FILTERS_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/Chapter_9_THEORY_AND_DESIGN_OF_FERRIMAGNETIC_COMPONENTS_1.ipynb
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/screenshots/Screen_Shot_2016-04-19_at_1.59.04_pm.png
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/screenshots/Screen_Shot_2016-04-19_at_1.59.33_pm.png
A  Microwave_engineering__by_D.M.Pozar_/screenshots/Screen_Shot_2016-04-19_at_2.00.38_pm.png
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter11_Control_of_DC_Motors_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter12_Controllers_and_Their_Optimisation_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter13_Choppers_and_Transportation_system_Application_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter15_The_AC_motor_control_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter16_Faults_and_Protection_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter3_Fabrication_and_Thermal_characteristics_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter4_Series_and_Parallel_Connection_of_Thyristors_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter5_Line_Commutated_converters_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter7_Inverter_Circuits_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter8_Harmonic_and_PowerFactor_with_the_converter_system_1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/Chapter_2_The_Device__1_1.ipynb
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/screenshots/11.PNG
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/screenshots/15.PNG
A  Thyristors_Theory_And_Applications_by_R._K._Sugandhi_And_K._K._Sugandhi/screenshots/8.PNG

1 files changed, 364 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter12_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics_by_S.L.Gupta,_Sanjeev_Gupta/Chapter12_1.ipynb
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# 12: Lasers"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12.1, Page number 360"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "energy of photon is 1.96 eV\n",
+      "momentum of photon is 1.05 *10**-27 kg m/s\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "e=1.6*10**-19;     #charge(coulomb)\n",
+    "c=3*10**8;   #velocity of matter wave(m/s)\n",
+    "h=6.62*10**-34;    #plank's constant(Js)\n",
+    "lamda=6328*10**-10;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "E=h*c/(lamda*e);    #energy of photon(eV)\n",
+    "p=h/lamda;      #momentum of photon(kg m/s)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"energy of photon is\",round(E,2),\"eV\"\n",
+    "print \"momentum of photon is\",round(p*10**27,2),\"*10**-27 kg m/s\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12.2, Page number 360"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "energy of laser pulse is 7.94 joule\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "c=3*10**8;   #velocity of matter wave(m/s)\n",
+    "h=6.62*10**-34;    #plank's constant(Js)\n",
+    "lamda=7000*10**-10;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "n=2.8*10**19;       #number of ions\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "E=n*h*c/lamda;    #energy of laser pulse(joule)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"energy of laser pulse is\",round(E,2),\"joule\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12.3, Page number 361"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "number of oscillations is 5 *10**4\n",
+      "coherence time is 9.82 *10**-11 s\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "c=3*10**8;   #velocity of matter wave(m/s)\n",
+    "l=2.945*10**-2;\n",
+    "lamda=5890*10**-10;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "n=l/lamda;       #number of oscillations\n",
+    "tow_c=l/c;       #coherence time(s)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"number of oscillations is\",int(n/10**4),\"*10**4\"\n",
+    "print \"coherence time is\",round(tow_c*10**11,2),\"*10**-11 s\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12.4, Page number 361"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "intensity of beam is 7.5 kW/m**2\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "P=10*10**-3;     #power(W)\n",
+    "d=1.3*10**-3;      #diameter(m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "I=4*P/(math.pi*d**2);      #intensity of beam(W/m**2)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"intensity of beam is\",round(I/10**3,1),\"kW/m**2\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12.5, Page number 361"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "number of ions is 3.49 *10**18\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "c=3*10**8;   #velocity of matter wave(m/s)\n",
+    "h=6.62*10**-34;    #plank's constant(Js)\n",
+    "lamda=6940*10**-10;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "P=1;     #power(J)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "n=P*lamda/(h*c);    #number of ions\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"number of ions is\",round(n/10**18,2),\"*10**18\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12.6, Page number 362"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "population ratio is e** -80\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "c=3*10**8;   #velocity of matter wave(m/s)\n",
+    "h=6.62*10**-34;    #plank's constant(Js)\n",
+    "lamda=6*10**-7;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "e=1.6*10**-19;     #charge(coulomb)\n",
+    "k=8.6*10**-5;\n",
+    "T=300;        #temperature(K)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "E=h*c/(lamda*e);    #energy(eV)\n",
+    "N=-E/(k*T);            #population ratio\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"population ratio is e**\",int(N)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12.7, Page number 362"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "coherence length is 11.36 km\n",
+      "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "lamda=10.66*10**-6;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "delta_lamda=10**-5*10**-9;      #line width(m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "cl=lamda**2/delta_lamda;      #coherence length(m)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"coherence length is\",round(cl/10**3,2),\"km\"\n",
+    "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Example number 12.8, Page number 362"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "areal speed is 0.117 *10**-8 m**2\n",
+      "intensity of image is 428.48 *10**5 watt/m**2\n",
+      "answer given in the book is wrong\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#importing modules\n",
+    "import math\n",
+    "from __future__ import division\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Variable declaration\n",
+    "lamda=7000*10**-10;    #wavelength(m)\n",
+    "d=5*10**-3;        #aperture(m)\n",
+    "f=0.2;       #focal length(m)\n",
+    "P=50*10**-3;      #power(W)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Calculation\n",
+    "d_theta=1.22*lamda/d;       #angular speed(radian)\n",
+    "A=(d_theta*f)**2;           #areal speed(m**2)\n",
+    "I=P/A;                #intensity of image(watt/m**2)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#Result\n",
+    "print \"areal speed is\",round(A*10**8,3),\"*10**-8 m**2\"\n",
+    "print \"intensity of image is\",round(I/10**5,2),\"*10**5 watt/m**2\"\n",
+    "print \"answer given in the book is wrong\""
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
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