removing problem statements

1 files changed, 208 insertions, 24 deletions

diff --git a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter14_1.ipynb b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter14_1.ipynb
index eb6cc153..1191c56f 100644
--- a/Engineering_Physics/Chapter14_1.ipynb
+++ b/Engineering_Physics/Chapter14_1.ipynb
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
  "metadata": {
-  "name": "Chapter14"
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:03a15735237144f42a49956ccb15694e3ce619fee35260180caccfe8f848e036"
  },
  "nbformat": 3,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
@@ -11,25 +12,53 @@
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 1,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "14: Magnetic Properties of Materials"
+     "source": [
+      "14: Magnetic Properties of Materials"
+     ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example number 14.1, Page number 306"
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 14.1, Page number 306"
+     ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#To calculate the spontaneous magnetisation\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\nfrom __future__ import division\n\n#Variable declaration\nN = 6.02*10**23;      #Avogadro's number(per mole)\nA = 56;      #Atomic weight of the substance(g/mole)\nd = 7.9;     #Density of the substance(g/cm**3)\nm_B = 9.27*10**-24;     #Bohr's Magneton(J/T)\n\n#Calculation\nm = 2.2*m_B;       #Magnetic moment of substance(J/T)\nn = d*N/A ;      #Number of atoms per unit volume of the substance(per cm**3)\nn = n*10**6;     #Number of atoms per unit volume of the substance(per m**3)\nM = n*m;         #Spontaneous magnetisation of the substance(A/m)\nM = M/10**6;\nM = math.ceil(M*10**3)/10**3;     #rounding off the value of M to 3 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The spontaneous magnetisation of the substance is\",M,\"*10**6 A/m\"",
+     "input": [
+      " \n",
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "N = 6.02*10**23;      #Avogadro's number(per mole)\n",
+      "A = 56;      #Atomic weight of the substance(g/mole)\n",
+      "d = 7.9;     #Density of the substance(g/cm**3)\n",
+      "m_B = 9.27*10**-24;     #Bohr's Magneton(J/T)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "m = 2.2*m_B;       #Magnetic moment of substance(J/T)\n",
+      "n = d*N/A ;      #Number of atoms per unit volume of the substance(per cm**3)\n",
+      "n = n*10**6;     #Number of atoms per unit volume of the substance(per m**3)\n",
+      "M = n*m;         #Spontaneous magnetisation of the substance(A/m)\n",
+      "M = M/10**6;\n",
+      "M = math.ceil(M*10**3)/10**3;     #rounding off the value of M to 3 decimals\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The spontaneous magnetisation of the substance is\",M,\"*10**6 A/m\""
+     ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "The spontaneous magnetisation of the substance is 1.732 *10**6 A/m\n"
+       "text": [
+        "The spontaneous magnetisation of the substance is 1.732 *10**6 A/m\n"
+       ]
       }
      ],
      "prompt_number": 5
@@ -38,19 +67,39 @@
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example number 14.2, Page number 307"
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 14.2, Page number 307"
+     ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#To calculate the relative permeability\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\nfrom __future__ import division\n\n#Variable declaration\nH = 200;        #Field strength to which the ferromagnetic material is subjected(A/m)\nM = 3100;       #Magnetisation of the ferromagnetic material(A/m)\n\n#Calculation\nchi = M/H;      #Magnetic susceptibility\nmew_r = 1 + chi;    #Relative permeability of ferromagnetic material\n\n#Result\nprint \"The relative permeability of ferromagnetic material is\",mew_r",
+     "input": [
+      " \n",
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "H = 200;        #Field strength to which the ferromagnetic material is subjected(A/m)\n",
+      "M = 3100;       #Magnetisation of the ferromagnetic material(A/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "chi = M/H;      #Magnetic susceptibility\n",
+      "mew_r = 1 + chi;    #Relative permeability of ferromagnetic material\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The relative permeability of ferromagnetic material is\",mew_r"
+     ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "The relative permeability of ferromagnetic material is 16.5\n"
+       "text": [
+        "The relative permeability of ferromagnetic material is 16.5\n"
+       ]
       }
      ],
      "prompt_number": 6
@@ -59,19 +108,40 @@
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example number 14.3, Page number 307"
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 14.3, Page number 307"
+     ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#To calculate the relative permeability\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\nfrom __future__ import division\n\n#Variable declaration\nH = 300;        #Field strength to which the ferromagnetic material is subjected(A/m)\nM = 4400;       #Magnetisation of the ferromagnetic material(A/m)\n\n#Calculation\nchi = M/H;      #Magnetic susceptibility\nmew_r = 1 + chi;    #Relative permeability of ferromagnetic material\nmew_r = math.ceil(mew_r*100)/100;     #rounding off the value of mew_r to 2 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The relative permeability of ferromagnetic material is\",mew_r\n",
+     "input": [
+      " \n",
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "H = 300;        #Field strength to which the ferromagnetic material is subjected(A/m)\n",
+      "M = 4400;       #Magnetisation of the ferromagnetic material(A/m)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "chi = M/H;      #Magnetic susceptibility\n",
+      "mew_r = 1 + chi;    #Relative permeability of ferromagnetic material\n",
+      "mew_r = math.ceil(mew_r*100)/100;     #rounding off the value of mew_r to 2 decimals\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The relative permeability of ferromagnetic material is\",mew_r\n"
+     ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "The relative permeability of ferromagnetic material is 15.67\n"
+       "text": [
+        "The relative permeability of ferromagnetic material is 15.67\n"
+       ]
       }
      ],
      "prompt_number": 7
@@ -80,19 +150,42 @@
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example number 14.4, Page number 307"
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 14.4, Page number 307"
+     ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#To calculate the magnetisation and flux density\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\n\n#Variable declaration\nmew_0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;       #Magnetic permeability of free space(Tm/A)\nH = 10000;         #Field strength to which the diamagnetic material is subjected(A/m)\nchi = -0.4*10**-5;       #Magnetic susceptibility\n\n#Calculation\nM = chi*H;        #Magnetisation of the diamagnetic material(A/m)\nB = mew_0*(H + M);      #Magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material(T)\nB = math.ceil(B*10**4)/10**4;     #rounding off the value of B to 4 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The magnetisation of diamagnetic material is\",M, \"A/m\"\nprint \"The magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material is\",B, \"T\"",
+     "input": [
+      " \n",
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mew_0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;       #Magnetic permeability of free space(Tm/A)\n",
+      "H = 10000;         #Field strength to which the diamagnetic material is subjected(A/m)\n",
+      "chi = -0.4*10**-5;       #Magnetic susceptibility\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "M = chi*H;        #Magnetisation of the diamagnetic material(A/m)\n",
+      "B = mew_0*(H + M);      #Magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material(T)\n",
+      "B = math.ceil(B*10**4)/10**4;     #rounding off the value of B to 4 decimals\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The magnetisation of diamagnetic material is\",M, \"A/m\"\n",
+      "print \"The magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material is\",B, \"T\""
+     ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "The magnetisation of diamagnetic material is -0.04 A/m\nThe magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material is 0.0126 T\n"
+       "text": [
+        "The magnetisation of diamagnetic material is -0.04 A/m\n",
+        "The magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material is 0.0126 T\n"
+       ]
       }
      ],
      "prompt_number": 8
@@ -101,19 +194,47 @@
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example number 14.5, Page number 307"
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 14.5, Page number 307"
+     ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#To calculate the magnetisation, relative permeability and flux density\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\nfrom __future__ import division\n\n#Variable declaration\nmew_0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;      #Magnetic permeability of free space(Tm/A)\nH = 1.2*10**5;      #Field strength to which the diamagnetic material is subjected(A/m)\nchi = -4.2*10**-6;      #Magnetic susceptibility\n\n#Calculation\nM = chi*H;      #Magnetisation of the diamagnetic material(A/m)\nB = mew_0*(H + M);     #Magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material(T)\nB = math.ceil(B*10**3)/10**3;     #rounding off the value of B to 3 decimals\nmew_r = M/H + 1;       #The relative permeability of diamagnetic material\nmew_r = math.ceil(mew_r*10**6)/10**6;     #rounding off the value of mew_r to 6 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The magnetisation of diamagnetic material is\",M, \"A/m\"\nprint \"The magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material is\",B, \"T\"\nprint \"The relative permeability of diamagnetic material is\",mew_r\n",
+     "input": [
+      " \n",
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mew_0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;      #Magnetic permeability of free space(Tm/A)\n",
+      "H = 1.2*10**5;      #Field strength to which the diamagnetic material is subjected(A/m)\n",
+      "chi = -4.2*10**-6;      #Magnetic susceptibility\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "M = chi*H;      #Magnetisation of the diamagnetic material(A/m)\n",
+      "B = mew_0*(H + M);     #Magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material(T)\n",
+      "B = math.ceil(B*10**3)/10**3;     #rounding off the value of B to 3 decimals\n",
+      "mew_r = M/H + 1;       #The relative permeability of diamagnetic material\n",
+      "mew_r = math.ceil(mew_r*10**6)/10**6;     #rounding off the value of mew_r to 6 decimals\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The magnetisation of diamagnetic material is\",M, \"A/m\"\n",
+      "print \"The magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material is\",B, \"T\"\n",
+      "print \"The relative permeability of diamagnetic material is\",mew_r\n"
+     ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "The magnetisation of diamagnetic material is -0.504 A/m\nThe magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material is 0.151 T\nThe relative permeability of diamagnetic material is 0.999996\n"
+       "text": [
+        "The magnetisation of diamagnetic material is -0.504 A/m\n",
+        "The magnetic flux density of diamagnetic material is 0.151 T\n",
+        "The relative permeability of diamagnetic material is 0.999996\n"
+       ]
       }
      ],
      "prompt_number": 10
@@ -122,19 +243,46 @@
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example number 14.6, Page number 308"
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 14.6, Page number 308"
+     ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#To calculate the mean radius of the atom\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\nfrom __future__ import division\n\n#Variable declaration\nchi = 5.6*10**-6;      #Magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic material\nm = 9.1*10**-31;      #Mass of an electron(kg)\nmew_0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;      #Magnetic permeability of free space(Tm/A)\nZ = 1;      #Atomic number\ne = 1.6*10**-19;     #Electronic charge(C)\na = 2.53;     #Lattice parameter of bcc structure(A)\n\n#Calculation\na = a*10**-10;    #Lattice parameter of bcc structure(m)\nN = 2/a**3;       #The number of electrons per unit volume(per metre cube)\nr = math.sqrt(chi*6*m/(mew_0*Z*e**2*N));    #Mean radius of body centered cubic structure(m)\nr = r*10**10;      #Mean radius of body centered cubic structure(A)\nr = math.ceil(r*100)/100;     #rounding off the value of r to 2 decimals\n\n#Result\nprint \"The mean radius of body centered cubic structure is\",r, \"A\"",
+     "input": [
+      " \n",
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "chi = 5.6*10**-6;      #Magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic material\n",
+      "m = 9.1*10**-31;      #Mass of an electron(kg)\n",
+      "mew_0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;      #Magnetic permeability of free space(Tm/A)\n",
+      "Z = 1;      #Atomic number\n",
+      "e = 1.6*10**-19;     #Electronic charge(C)\n",
+      "a = 2.53;     #Lattice parameter of bcc structure(A)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "a = a*10**-10;    #Lattice parameter of bcc structure(m)\n",
+      "N = 2/a**3;       #The number of electrons per unit volume(per metre cube)\n",
+      "r = math.sqrt(chi*6*m/(mew_0*Z*e**2*N));    #Mean radius of body centered cubic structure(m)\n",
+      "r = r*10**10;      #Mean radius of body centered cubic structure(A)\n",
+      "r = math.ceil(r*100)/100;     #rounding off the value of r to 2 decimals\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The mean radius of body centered cubic structure is\",r, \"A\""
+     ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "The mean radius of body centered cubic structure is 0.88 A\n"
+       "text": [
+        "The mean radius of body centered cubic structure is 0.88 A\n"
+       ]
       }
      ],
      "prompt_number": 11
@@ -143,19 +291,55 @@
      "cell_type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "metadata": {},
-     "source": "Example number 14.7, Page number 308"
+     "source": [
+      "Example number 14.7, Page number 308"
+     ]
     },
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "#To calculate the magnetic susceptibility and magnetisation\n\n#importing modules\nimport math\nfrom __future__ import division\n\n#Variable declaration\nmew_0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;     #Magnetic permeability of free space(Tm/A)\nN_A = 6.02*10**26;       #Avogadro's number(per kmol)\nrho = 4370;       #Density of paramegnetic salt(kg/metre cube)\nM = 168.5;      #Molecular weight of paramagnetic salt(g/mol)\nT = 27;     #Temperature of paramagnetic salt(C)\nH = 2*10**5;     #Field strength to which the  paramagnetic salt is subjected(A/m)\nmew_B = 9.27*10**-24;      #Bohr's magneton(Am**2)\np = 2;          #Number of Bohr magnetons per molecule\nk = 1.38*10**-23;      #Boltzmann constant(J/K)\n\n#Calculation\nT = T+273;     #Temperature of paramagnetic salt(K)\nN = rho*N_A/M;       #Total density of atoms in the paramagnetic salt(per meter cube)\nchi_para = mew_0*N*p**2*mew_B**2/(3*k*T);      #Magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic salt\nchi_para = chi_para*10**4;\nchi_para = math.ceil(chi_para*10**2)/10**2;     #rounding off the value of chi_para to 2 decimals\nM = chi*H;       #Magnetisation of paramagnetic salt(A/m)\nM = math.ceil(M*10)/10;     #rounding off the value of M to 1 decimal\n\n#Result\nprint \"The magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic salt is\",chi_para,\"*10**-4\"\nprint \"The magnetisation of paramagnetic salt is\",M, \"A/m\"\n\n#answer for magnetisation is not given in the textbook",
+     "input": [
+      "\n",
+      "#importing modules\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "from __future__ import division\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Variable declaration\n",
+      "mew_0 = 4*math.pi*10**-7;     #Magnetic permeability of free space(Tm/A)\n",
+      "N_A = 6.02*10**26;       #Avogadro's number(per kmol)\n",
+      "rho = 4370;       #Density of paramegnetic salt(kg/metre cube)\n",
+      "M = 168.5;      #Molecular weight of paramagnetic salt(g/mol)\n",
+      "T = 27;     #Temperature of paramagnetic salt(C)\n",
+      "H = 2*10**5;     #Field strength to which the  paramagnetic salt is subjected(A/m)\n",
+      "mew_B = 9.27*10**-24;      #Bohr's magneton(Am**2)\n",
+      "p = 2;          #Number of Bohr magnetons per molecule\n",
+      "k = 1.38*10**-23;      #Boltzmann constant(J/K)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculation\n",
+      "T = T+273;     #Temperature of paramagnetic salt(K)\n",
+      "N = rho*N_A/M;       #Total density of atoms in the paramagnetic salt(per meter cube)\n",
+      "chi_para = mew_0*N*p**2*mew_B**2/(3*k*T);      #Magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic salt\n",
+      "chi_para = chi_para*10**4;\n",
+      "chi_para = math.ceil(chi_para*10**2)/10**2;     #rounding off the value of chi_para to 2 decimals\n",
+      "M = chi*H;       #Magnetisation of paramagnetic salt(A/m)\n",
+      "M = math.ceil(M*10)/10;     #rounding off the value of M to 1 decimal\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Result\n",
+      "print \"The magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic salt is\",chi_para,\"*10**-4\"\n",
+      "print \"The magnetisation of paramagnetic salt is\",M, \"A/m\"\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#answer for magnetisation is not given in the textbook"
+     ],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": [
       {
        "output_type": "stream",
        "stream": "stdout",
-       "text": "The magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic salt is 5.43 *10**-4\nThe magnetisation of paramagnetic salt is 1.2 A/m\n"
+       "text": [
+        "The magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic salt is 5.43 *10**-4\n",
+        "The magnetisation of paramagnetic salt is 1.2 A/m\n"
+       ]
       }
      ],
      "prompt_number": 14
@@ -163,7 +347,7 @@
     {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "collapsed": false,
-     "input": "",
+     "input": [],
      "language": "python",
      "metadata": {},
      "outputs": []