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+{

+ "metadata": {

+  "name": "chapter8.ipynb"

+ },

+ "nbformat": 3,

+ "nbformat_minor": 0,

+ "worksheets": [

+  {

+   "cells": [

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 1,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Chapter 8: Simple Lifting Machines"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 8.8-1,Page No:179"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "import math\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Initilization of variables\n",

+      "\n",

+      "VR=6 # Velocity ratio\n",

+      "P=20 #N # Effort\n",

+      "W=100 #N # Load lifted\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Calculations\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#(a)\n",

+      "\n",

+      "P_actual=P #N\n",

+      "W_actual=W #N\n",

+      "MA=W/P # where, MA= Mechanical advantage\n",

+      "E=(0.833)*100 #% # Where MA/VR=0.833 and E= efficiency\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#(b)\n",

+      "# Now ideal effort required is,\n",

+      "P_ideal=W*VR**-1 #N\n",

+      "# Effort loss in friction is, (Le)\n",

+      "Le=P_actual-P_ideal #N # Effort loss in friction\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#(c)\n",

+      "# Ideal load lifted is,(W_ideal)\n",

+      "W_ideal=P*VR #N \n",

+      "# Frictional load/resistance,\n",

+      "F=W_ideal-W_actual # N\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Results\n",

+      "\n",

+      "print\"(a) The efficiency of the machine is \",round(E,3),\"percent\"\n",

+      "print\"(b) The effort loss in friction of the machine is \",round(Le,2),\"N\"\n",

+      "print\"(c) The Frictional load of the machine is \",round(F),\"N\"\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "(a) The efficiency of the machine is  83.3 percent\n",

+        "(b) The effort loss in friction of the machine is  3.33 N\n",

+        "(c) The Frictional load of the machine is  20.0 N\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 5

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 8.8-2, Page No:180"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "import math\n",

+      "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",

+      "%matplotlib inline\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Initilization of variables\n",

+      "V_r=20 # Velocity ratio\n",

+      "# Values from the table # Variables have been assumed\n",

+      "# Values of W in N\n",

+      "W=[30 ,40 ,50 ,60 ,70 ,80 ,90 ,100]\n",

+      "# P in N\n",

+      "P=[7 ,8.5 ,10 ,11.5 ,13.5 ,14.5 ,16 ,17.5]\n",

+      "M_A=[W[0]*P[0]**-1 ,W[1]*P[1]**-1 ,W[2]*P[2]**-1 ,W[3]*P[3]**-1 ,W[4]*P[4]**-1 ,W[5]*P[5]**-1 ,W[6]*P[6]**-1 ,W[7]*P[7]**-1]\n",

+      "# Efficiency (n)\n",

+      "n=[(V_r**-1)*M_A[0] ,(V_r**-1)*M_A[1] ,(V_r**-1)*M_A[2] ,(V_r**-1)*M_A[3], (V_r**-1)*M_A[4] ,(V_r**-1)*M_A[5] ,(V_r**-1)*M_A[6] ,(V_r**-1)*M_A[7]]*100 # %\n",

+      "# Calculations\n",

+      "# Part (a)- Realtionship between W & P\n",

+      "# Here part a cannot be solved as it has variables which cannot be defined in Scilab. Ref.textbook for the solution\n",

+      "# Part (b)- Graph between W & efficiency n(eta)\n",

+      "x=[0 ,W[0] ,W[1] ,W[2] ,W[3] ,W[4] ,W[5] ,W[6] ,W[7]] # values for W # N\n",

+      "y=[0 ,n[0] ,n[1] ,n[2] ,n[3] ,n[4] ,n[5] ,n[6] ,n[7]] # values for efficiency n (eta) # %\n",

+      "d=transpose(x)\n",

+      "plt.plot(d,y)\n",

+      "plt.show()\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Results\n",

+      "\n",

+      "print\"The graph is the solution\"\n",

+      "# The value of m is found by drawing straight line on the graph and by taking its slope. Ref textbook for the solution\n",

+      "# The curve of the graph may differ from textbook because of the graphical calculation.\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "metadata": {},

+       "output_type": "display_data",

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1AaCsrKzdxRMRUds5Df6goCDk5eUhLS0NDocDWVlZMJlMyM/PBwDk5ORgwoQJ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\n/EREGsPgJyLSGAY/EZHG/D+gQLmVwq5uYAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",

+       "text": [

+        "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x4fe1370>"

+       ]

+      },

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "The graph is the solution\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 1

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 8.8-3,Page No:184"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "import math\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Initialization of variables\n",

+      "\n",

+      "W_actual=1360 #N #Load lifted\n",

+      "P_actual=100 #N # Effort\n",

+      "n=4 # no of pulleys\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Calculations\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# for 1st system of pulleys having 4 movable pulleys, Velocity ratio is\n",

+      "VR=2**(n) # Velocity Ratio\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# If the machine were to be ideal(frictionless)\n",

+      "MA=VR # Here, M.A= mechanical advantage \n",

+      "\n",

+      "# For a load of 1360 N, ideal effort required is\n",

+      "P_ideal=W_actual/VR #N\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Effort loss in friction is,\n",

+      "P_friction=P_actual-P_ideal #N\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# For a effort of 100 N, ideal load lifted is,\n",

+      "W_ideal=VR*100 #N \n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Load lost in friction is,\n",

+      "W_friction=W_ideal-W_actual # N \n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Results\n",

+      "\n",

+      "print\"(a) The effort wasted in friction is \",round(P_friction,2),\"N\"\n",

+      "print\"(b) The load wasted in friction is \",round(W_friction,2),\"N\"\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "(a) The effort wasted in friction is  15.0 N\n",

+        "(b) The load wasted in friction is  240.0 N\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 2

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 8.8-4,Page No:185"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "import math\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Initilization of variables\n",

+      "\n",

+      "W=1000 #N # Load to be lifted\n",

+      "n=5 # no. of pulleys\n",

+      "E=75 #% # Efficiency\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Calculations\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Velocity Ratio is given as,\n",

+      "VR=n \n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Mechanical Advantage (MA) is,\n",

+      "MA=(E*0.01)*VR # from formulae, Efficiency=E=MA/VR\n",

+      "P=W/MA #N # Effort required\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Results\n",

+      "\n",

+      "print\"The effort required to lift the load of 1000 N is \",round(P,2),\"N\"\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "The effort required to lift the load of 1000 N is  266.67 N\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 4

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example 8.8-5,Page No:191 "

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "import math\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Initilization of variables\n",

+      "\n",

+      "W=2000 #N # Load to be raised\n",

+      "l=0.70 #m # length of the handle\n",

+      "d=0.05 #m # diameter of the screw\n",

+      "p=0.01 #m # pitch of the screw\n",

+      "mu=0.15 # coefficient of friction at the screw thread\n",

+      "pie=3.14 #constant\n",

+      "E=1 # efficiency\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Calculations\n",

+      "\n",

+      "phi=arctan(mu)*(180/pi) #degree\n",

+      "theta=arctan(p/(pie*d))*(180/pi) #degree # where theta is the Helix angle\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Force required at the circumference of the screw is,\n",

+      "P=W*tan(theta*(pi/180)+phi*(pi/180)) # N //\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Force required at the end of the handle is,\n",

+      "F=(P*(d*0.5))/l #N # as d/2=d*0.5\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Force required (Ideal case)\n",

+      "VR=2*pie*l/p\n",

+      "MA=E*VR # from formulae E=M.A/V,R\n",

+      "P_ideal=W/MA #N # From formulae, M.A=W/P\n",

+      "\n",

+      "# Results\n",

+      "\n",

+      "print\"The force required at the end of the handle is \",round(F,2),\"N\"\n",

+      "print\"The force required if the screw jack is considered to be an ideal machine is \",round(P_ideal,2),\"N\" \n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "The force required at the end of the handle is  15.41 N\n",

+        "The force required if the screw jack is considered to be an ideal machine is  4.55 N\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 10

+    }

+   ],

+   "metadata": {}

+  }

+ ]

+}
\ No newline at end of file