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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": "",
+  "signature": "sha256:fc56911ca78177974b04004faec461a6b97c01b43d461299fb0cf06eea3ba6da"
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter4 - Analog Electronic Volt-Ohm Milliammeters"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.2.1 - page : 4-4"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Peak amplitude\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "E_rms=230.0 #in V\n",
+      "Ep=2**(1.0/2)*E_rms \n",
+      "print \"Peak amplitude, Ep = \", round(Ep,2), \" V.\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Peak amplitude, Ep =  325.27  V.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.12.1 - page : 4-21"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "Rm=500.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "E_rms=50.0 # in V\n",
+      "E_dc=(2**(1.0/2)*E_rms)/(math.pi/2) \n",
+      "Im=1*10**-3 #in A\n",
+      "R=E_dc/Im \n",
+      "Rs=(R-Rm)*10**-3 \n",
+      "print \"The resistance, Rs = \", round(Rs,1), \" kohm.\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "The resistance, Rs =  44.5  kohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.14.1 - page : 4-25"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Percentage error\n",
+      "ff1=1.0 #form factor\n",
+      "r=1.11 #sine wave form factor\n",
+      "per=((r-ff1)/ff1)*100 #percentage error\n",
+      "print \"Percentage error is \", per, \" %\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Percentage error is  11.0  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.14.2 - page : 4-26"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#part (i)\n",
+      "# form factor\n",
+      "T1=3.0 #\n",
+      "T=range(0,4) \n",
+      "##Function for integration\n",
+      "def integrate(a,b,f):\n",
+      "    # def function before using this\n",
+      "    # eg. : f=lambda t:200**2*t**2\n",
+      "    #a=lower limit;b=upper limit;f is a function\n",
+      "    import numpy\n",
+      "    N=1000 # points for iteration\n",
+      "    t=numpy.linspace(a,b,N)\n",
+      "    ft=f(t)\n",
+      "    ans=numpy.sum(ft)*(b-a)/N\n",
+      "    return ans\n",
+      "# Calculating Vrms\n",
+      "a=T[0]\n",
+      "b=T[3]\n",
+      "f=lambda t:200**2*t**2\n",
+      "Vrms=(1/T1*integrate(a,b,f))**(1.0/2)  # V\n",
+      "# Calculating Vav\n",
+      "g=lambda t:200*t\n",
+      "Vav=1/T1*integrate(a,b,g)  # V\n",
+      "ff=Vrms/Vav # form factor\n",
+      "print \"Form factor is \", round(ff,4)\n",
+      "# part (ii)\n",
+      "ff1=1.11 #form factor of sine wave\n",
+      "per=((ff1/ff)-1)*100 #percentage errpr\n",
+      "print \"Percentage error in meter indication is\", round(per,3), \" %\"\n",
+      "# Answer is not accurate in the textbook."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Form factor is  1.155\n",
+        "Percentage error in meter indication is -3.895  %\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.1 - page : 4-43"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "V1=1.5 #in V\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in Ohm\n",
+      "Rd=15.0*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=75.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "I=(gm*V1*((Rd*rd)/(rd+Rd)))/((2*((Rd*rd)/(rd+Rd)))+Rm) # A\n",
+      "I*=10**3  #  mA\n",
+      "print \"Current, I = \", round(I,2), \" mA\""
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Current, I =  3.74  mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.2 - page : 4-44"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#Given data :\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "V1=[0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0] #in V\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in Ohm\n",
+      "Rd=15.0*10**3 #in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=75.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "Im=[]\n",
+      "for v1 in V1:\n",
+      "    Im.append(gm*(rd*Rd*v1/(rd+Rd))/(2.0*(rd*Rd/(rd+Rd))+Rm)*1000)  # mA\n",
+      "#Im*=1000  # mA\n",
+      "print \"Voltage    Current\"\n",
+      "i=0\n",
+      "for im in Im:\n",
+      "    print V1[i],\" V   \",round(Im[i],3),\" A\"\n",
+      "    i+=1"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Voltage    Current\n",
+        "0.2  V    0.499  A\n",
+        "0.4  V    0.997  A\n",
+        "0.6  V    1.496  A\n",
+        "0.8  V    1.995  A\n",
+        "1.0  V    2.493  A\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.3 - page : 4-44"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Design\n",
+      "v1=100.0 # in V\n",
+      "v2=30.0 #in V\n",
+      "v3=103.0 # in V\n",
+      "v4=1.0 #in V\n",
+      "x=9.0 #assume input resistance in Mohm\n",
+      "r4=(v4/v3)*x*10**3 #in kohm\n",
+      "r3=(((v4/v1)*x*10**6)-(r4*10**3))*10**-3 #in kohm\n",
+      "r2=(((v4/v2)*x*10**6)-((r4+r3)*10**3))*10**-3 # in kohm\n",
+      "r1=9*10**6-((r2+r3+r4)*10**3) # in ohm\n",
+      "r1*=10**-6  # Mohm\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R4  is \",round(r4,2),\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R3  is \",round(r3,2),\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R2  is \",r2,\" kohm.\"\n",
+      "print \"Resistance, R1  is \",r1,\" Mohm.\"\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance, R4  is  87.38  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R3  is  2.62  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R2  is  210.0  kohm.\n",
+        "Resistance, R1  is  8.7  Mohm.\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.4 - page : 4-51"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "rd=150.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=50.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=1000.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "gm=0.0052 #in mho\n",
+      "rd1=rd/((gm*rd)+1) \n",
+      "V0=gm*((rd1*Rs)/(rd1+Rs))\n",
+      "R0=(2*Rs*rd1)/(Rs+rd1)\n",
+      "I=V0/(R0+Rm) # A\n",
+      "I*=10**3  # mA\n",
+      "print \"Curent, I = \", round(I,3),\" mA\"\n",
+      "# Answer in the textbook is not accurate."
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Curent, I =  2.3  mA\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 4.19.5 - page : 4-52"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Resistance\n",
+      "#given data :\n",
+      "V1=1.0 #in V\n",
+      "I=1.5*10**-3 #in A\n",
+      "rd=200.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rm=50.0 # in ohm\n",
+      "Rs=600.0*10**3 # in ohm\n",
+      "gm=0.005 #in mho\n",
+      "rd1=rd/((gm*rd)+1) \n",
+      "V0=gm*((rd1*Rs)/(rd1+Rs))*V1\n",
+      "R0=(2*Rs*rd1)/(Rs+rd1)\n",
+      "R_cal=(V0/I)-Rm-R0 \n",
+      "print \"Resistance , R_cal = \",round(R_cal,2),\" ohm\" \n",
+      "# answer is wrong in book"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Resistance , R_cal =  216.31  ohm\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example q.3 - page : 4-73"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#Current and voltage\n",
+      "rm=10.0 #in ohm\n",
+      "im=5.0 # in mA\n",
+      "i=1.0 # in A\n",
+      "v=5.0 #in A\n",
+      "ish=i-(im*10**-3) # in A\n",
+      "m=i/(im*10**-3) # ratio\n",
+      "rsh=rm/(m-1) #in ohm\n",
+      "vo=v/i #in V\n",
+      "rsh1=vo/(im) #in kohm\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance is \",round(rsh,2),\" ohm to measure current upto 1 A\"\n",
+      "print \"Shunt resistance is \", rsh1,\" kohm to measure voltage upto 5 V\"\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Shunt resistance is  0.05  ohm to measure current upto 1 A\n",
+        "Shunt resistance is  1.0  kohm to measure voltage upto 5 V\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file