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+{

+ "metadata": {

+  "name": "",

+  "signature": "sha256:5a78eb3c7cc2f82cd21ccad707b4376bdb45f22452d4892c16308b1bdd58f45f"

+ },

+ "nbformat": 3,

+ "nbformat_minor": 0,

+ "worksheets": [

+  {

+   "cells": [

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 1,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "chapter08:Multistage Amplifiers"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E1 - Pg 276"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Express the gain in decibel\n",

+      "#given\n",

+      "#Powere gain of 1000\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "Pg1=1000.;\n",

+      "Pgd1=10.*math.log10(Pg1);\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"Power gain (in dB)=\",Pgd1,\"dB\\n\");\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Voltage gain of 1000\n",

+      "Vg1=1000.;\n",

+      "Vgd1=20.*math.log10(Vg1);\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"Voltage gain (in dB)=\",Vgd1,\"dB\\n\");\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Powere gain of 1/100\n",

+      "Pg2=1./100.;\n",

+      "Pgd2=10.*math.log10(Pg2);\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"Power gain (in dB)=\",Pgd2,\"dB\\n\");\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Voltage gain of 1/100\n",

+      "Vg2=1./100.;\n",

+      "Vgd2=20.*math.log10(Vg2);\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"Voltage gain (in dB)=\",Vgd2,\"dB\\n\");\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Power gain (in dB)= 30 dB\n",

+        "\n",

+        "Voltage gain (in dB)= 60 dB\n",

+        "\n",

+        "Power gain (in dB)= -20 dB\n",

+        "\n",

+        "Voltage gain (in dB)= -40 dB\n",

+        "\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 1

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E2 - Pg 276"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Determine power and voltage gain\n",

+      "#given\n",

+      "#For  Gain = 10 dB\n",

+      "G=10.;#dB\n",

+      "Pg1=10.**(G/10.);       #taking antilog\n",

+      "Vg1=10.**(G/20.);       #taking antilog\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"For Gain\",G,\"dB\\n\")\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"Power gain ratio =\",Pg1,\"\\n\");\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Voltage gain ratio =\",Vg1,\"\\n\");\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#For Gain 3 dB\n",

+      "G=3.;#dB\n",

+      "Pg2=10.**(G/10.);       #taking antilog\n",

+      "Vg2=10.**(G/20.);       #taking antilog\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"For Gain\",G,\"dB\\n\")\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"Power gain ratio =\",Pg2,\"\\n\");\n",

+      "print '%s %.3f %s' %(\"Voltage gain ratio =\",Vg2,\"\\n\");\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "For Gain 10 dB\n",

+        "\n",

+        "Power gain ratio = 10 \n",

+        "\n",

+        "Voltage gain ratio = 3.16 \n",

+        "\n",

+        "For Gain 3 dB\n",

+        "\n",

+        "Power gain ratio = 2.00 \n",

+        "\n",

+        "Voltage gain ratio = 1.413 \n",

+        "\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 2

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E3 - Pg 277"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Calculate the overall voltage gain\n",

+      "#given\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "A1=80.\n",

+      "A2=50.\n",

+      "A3=30.\n",

+      "Ad=20.*math.log10(A1)+20.*math.log10(A2)+20.*math.log10(A3);\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Alternatively\n",

+      "A=A1*A2*A3;\n",

+      "Ad=20.*math.log10(A);\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"The Voltage gain is =\",Ad,\"dB\");\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "The Voltage gain is = 101.58 dB\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 3

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E4 - Pg 283"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Calculate quiescent output voltage and small signal voltage gain\n",

+      "#given\n",

+      "#At input Voltage =3V\n",

+      "Vi1=3.##V      #input voltage\n",

+      "Vbe=0.7##V\n",

+      "B=250.#\n",

+      "Vcc=10.##V     #Supply\n",

+      "Re1=1.*10.**3.##ohm\n",

+      "Rc1=3.*10.**3.##ohm\n",

+      "Re2=2.*10.**3.##ohm\n",

+      "Rc2=4.*10.**3.##ohm\n",

+      "Vb1=Vi1#        #Voltage at the base of transistor T1\n",

+      "Ve1=Vb1-Vbe#      #Voltage at the emitter of transistor T1\n",

+      "Ie1=Ve1/Re1#\n",

+      "Ic1=Ie1#\n",

+      "Vc1=Vcc-Ic1*Rc1#\n",

+      "Vb2=Vc1#\n",

+      "Ve2=Vb2-Vbe#\n",

+      "Ie2=Ve2/Re2#\n",

+      "Ic2=Ie2#\n",

+      "Vo1=Vcc-Ic2*Rc2#\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"The quiescent output voltage(At input Voltage = 3V) is =\",Vo1,\"V\\n\")#\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#At input Voltage =3.2 V\n",

+      "Vi2=3.2##V      #input voltage\n",

+      "Vb1=Vi2#        #Voltage at the base of transistor T1\n",

+      "Ve1=Vb1-Vbe#      #Voltage at the emitter of transistor T1\n",

+      "Ie1=Ve1/Re1#\n",

+      "Ic1=Ie1#\n",

+      "Vc1=Vcc-Ic1*Rc1#\n",

+      "Vb2=Vc1#\n",

+      "Ve2=Vb2-Vbe#\n",

+      "Ie2=Ve2/Re2#\n",

+      "Ic2=Ie2#\n",

+      "Vo2=Vcc-Ic2*Rc2#\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"The quiescent output voltage (At input Voltage =3.2 V) is =\",Vo2,\"V\\n\")#\n",

+      "\n",

+      "#Small Signal input and output voltage\n",

+      "vi=Vi2-Vi1#\n",

+      "vo=Vo2-Vo1#\n",

+      "Av=vo/vi#\n",

+      "print '%s %.f' %(\"The small signal voltage gain is =\",Av)\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "The quiescent output voltage(At input Voltage = 3V) is = 5.2 V\n",

+        "\n",

+        "The quiescent output voltage (At input Voltage =3.2 V) is = 6.4 V\n",

+        "\n",

+        "The small signal voltage gain is = 6\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 4

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E5 - Pg 296"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Calculate the maximum voltage gain and bandwidth of multistage amplifier\n",

+      "#FUNCTIONS\n",

+      "#given\n",

+      "def  prll(r1,r2):\n",

+      "\tz=r1*r2/(r1+r2)#\n",

+      "\treturn z\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "rin=10.*10.**6.;#ohm #input resistance of JFET\n",

+      "Rd=10.*10.**3.;#ohm\n",

+      "Rs=500.;#ohm\n",

+      "Rg=470.*10.**3.;#ohm\n",

+      "Rl=470.*10.**3.;#ohm\n",

+      "Cc=0.01*10.**-6.;#Farad\n",

+      "Csh=100.*10.**-12.;#Farad\n",

+      "Cs=50.*10.**-6.;#Farad\n",

+      "rd=100.*10.**3.;#ohm\n",

+      "gm=2.*10.**-3.;#S\n",

+      "Rac2=prll(Rd,Rl);\n",

+      "Rac1=prll(Rd,Rg);\n",

+      "Req=prll(rd,prll(Rd,Rl));\n",

+      "Am=math.ceil(gm*Req);\n",

+      "Am2=Am*Am;       #Voltage gain of two stage amplifier\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"Voltage gain of two stage amplifier=\",Am2,\"\\n\");\n",

+      "R_=prll(rd,Rd)+prll(Rg,rin);\n",

+      "f1=1./(2.*math.pi*Cc*R_);      #lower cutoff frequency\n",

+      "f1_=f1/(math.sqrt(math.sqrt(2.)-1.));\n",

+      "f2=1./(2.*math.pi*Csh*Req);      #upper cutoff frequency\n",

+      "f2_=f2*(math.sqrt(math.sqrt(2.)-1.));\n",

+      "BW=f2_-f1_;\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"Bandwidth=\",BW/1000.,\"kHz\\n\");\n",

+      "#There is a slight error in f1 due to use of R'(here R_)=479 kohm and in f2 due to approaximation of Req there is a slight variation\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Voltage gain of two stage amplifier= 324 \n",

+        "\n",

+        "Bandwidth= 115 kHz\n",

+        "\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 5

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E6 - Pg 298"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Calculate the midband voltage gain and bandwidth of cascade amplifier\n",

+      "#given\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "Am=8.##midband voltage gain of individual MOSFET\n",

+      "BW=500.*10.**3.#Hz\n",

+      "f2=BW#\n",

+      "n=4.#\n",

+      "A2m=Am**n#\n",

+      "f2_=f2*(math.sqrt((2.**(1./n))-1.))#\n",

+      "print '%s %.f %s' %(\"Midband voltage gain =\",A2m,\"\\n\")#\n",

+      "print '%s %.1f %s' %(\"Overall Bandwidth =\",f2_/1000,\"kHz\")#\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Midband voltage gain = 4096 \n",

+        "\n",

+        "Overall Bandwidth = 217.5 kHz\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 6

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "heading",

+     "level": 2,

+     "metadata": {},

+     "source": [

+      "Example E7 - Pg 298"

+     ]

+    },

+    {

+     "cell_type": "code",

+     "collapsed": false,

+     "input": [

+      "#Calculate the input and output impedance and voltage gain\n",

+      "#FUNCTIONS\n",

+      "\n",

+      "def  prll(r1,r2):\n",

+      "\tz=r1*r2/(r1+r2)#\n",

+      "\treturn z\n",

+      "\n",

+      "import math\n",

+      "hie=1.1*10.**3.;#ohm=rin\n",

+      "hfe=120.;#=B\n",

+      "#the values of Rac2, Zi, Zo are as per diagram\n",

+      "Rac2=prll(3.3*10**3,2.2*10**3);\n",

+      "Rac1=prll(6.8*10**3,prll(56*10**3,prll(5.6*10**3,1.1*10**3)));\n",

+      "Zi=prll(5.6*10**3,prll(56*10**3,1.1*10**3));\n",

+      "Zo=prll(3.3*10**3,2.2*10**3);\n",

+      "print '%s %.3f %s %s %.2f %s' %(\"Input Resistance =\",Zi/1000,\"kohm\\n\",\"\\nOutput Resistance =\",Zo/1000,\"kohm\");\n",

+      "Am2=-hfe*Rac2/(hie);\n",

+      "Am1=-hfe*Rac1/(hie);\n",

+      "Am=Am1*Am2;\n",

+      "Am=20.*math.log10(Am);\n",

+      "print '%s %.2f %s' %(\"\\nThe Overall Voltage gain is\",Am,\"dB\");\n"

+     ],

+     "language": "python",

+     "metadata": {},

+     "outputs": [

+      {

+       "output_type": "stream",

+       "stream": "stdout",

+       "text": [

+        "Input Resistance = 0.905 kohm\n",

+        " \n",

+        "Output Resistance = 1.32 kohm\n",

+        "\n",

+        "The Overall Voltage gain is 81.97 dB\n"

+       ]

+      }

+     ],

+     "prompt_number": 7

+    }

+   ],

+   "metadata": {}

+  }

+ ]

+}
\ No newline at end of file