Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books

A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/README.txt A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch2_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch3_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch4_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch5_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch6_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch7_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch8_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/ch9_1.ipynb A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/screenshots/ch2_1.png A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/screenshots/ch7_1.png A A_Course_In_Mechanical_Measurements_And_Instrumentation_by_A._K._Sawhney_And_P._Sawhney/screenshots/kVSv5.png A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER2_1.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER4_2.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER5_2.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER6_2.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/CHAPTER7_2.ipynb A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/README.txt A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/screenshots/CHAP2.png A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/screenshots/CHAP4.png A A_First_Course_on_Electrical_Drives_by_S._K._Pillai/screenshots/CHAP5.png D A_First_course_in_Programming_with_C/Chapter14.ipynb M A_First_course_in_Programming_with_C_by_T_Jeyapoovan/Chapter14_2.ipynb A A_First_course_in_Programming_with_C_by_T_Jeyapoovan/README.txt A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1.2.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1.3.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1.7.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1_2.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1_3.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT1_7.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.10.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.11.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.13.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.14.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.15.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.16.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.17.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.18.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.2.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.3.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.4.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.5.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.6.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.7.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.8.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2.9.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2_10.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2_11.ipynb A A_Textbook_on_Power_System_Engineering_by_A_Chakrabarti,_M_L_Soni,_P_V_Gupta,_U_S_Bhatnagar/CHAPT2_13.ipynb A 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Internal_Combustion_Engines_by_H._B._Keswani/screenshots/ch9.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter10_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter10_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter10_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter10_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter11_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter11_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter11_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter11_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter12_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter12_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter12_3.ipynb A 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Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter3_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter3_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter3_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter3_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter4_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter4_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter4_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter4_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter5_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter5_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter5_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter5_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter6_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter6_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter6_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter6_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter7_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter7_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter7_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter7_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter8_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter8_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter8_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter8_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter9_1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter9_2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter9_3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/Chapter9_4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/README.txt A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter10_1.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter10_2.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter10_3.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter10_4.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter3_1.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter3_2.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter3_3.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter3_4.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter4_1.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter4_2.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter4_3.png A Introduction_To_Fluid_Mechanics_by_R._W._Fox_And_A._T._McDonald/screenshots/chapter4_4.png A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter1.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter2(PartB).ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter2.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter3(partB).ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter3.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter4(PartB).ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter4.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter5.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter6.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/Chapter7.ipynb A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/screenshots/chapter1.png A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/screenshots/chapter2.png A Introduction_To_Mechanical_Engineering_by_S._Chandra_And_O._Singh/screenshots/chapter3.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/AppendixB.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/AppendixB_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter10.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter10_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter10_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter1_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter1_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter2_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter2_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter3.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter3_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter3_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter5.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter5_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter5_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter6.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter6_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter6_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter8.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter8_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter8_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter9.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter9_1.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/chapter9_2.ipynb A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_VLdc_VLrms.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_VLdc_VLrms_1.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_VLdc_VLrms_2.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_variation_of_RF_FF.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_variation_of_RF_FF_1.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch6_variation_of_RF_FF_2.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch_3_variation_avg_rms_load_V.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch_3_variation_avg_rms_load_V_1.png A Introduction_to_Electric_Drives_by_J._S._Katre/screenshots/ch_3_variation_avg_rms_load_V_2.png A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/Chapter9.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter1.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter2.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter3.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter4.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter6.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter7.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter8.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/chapter_5.ipynb A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex1.2.png A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex3.13.png A Introductory_Methods_Of_Numerical_Analysis__by_S._S._Sastry/screenshots/ex6.7.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/README.txt A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter01_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter02_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter03_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter04_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter05_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter06_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter07_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter08_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter09_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter10_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_1.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/chapter11_2.ipynb A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_14_1.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/5_15_1.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_1.png A Linear_Integrated_Circuits_by_J._B._Gupta/screenshots/per_error_2.png A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER10.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER13.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER14.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER15.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER16.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER18.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER19.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER2.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER21.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER23.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER24_.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER26.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER30.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER31.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER33.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER36.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/CHAPTER9.ipynb A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP10.png A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP16.png A Manufacturing_Engineering_&_Technology_by__S._Kalpakjian_and_S._R._Schmid/screenshots/CHAP19.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch2.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch2_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch3.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch3_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch4.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch4_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch5.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch5_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch6.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch6_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch7.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/ch7_1.ipynb A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/FricCoeff.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/FricCoeff_1.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/fillingtime.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/fillingtime_1.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/millPOwer.png A Manufacturing_Science_by_A._Ghosh_And_A._K._Mallik/screenshots/millPOwer_1.png A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter10.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter11.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter12.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter13.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter14.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter15.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter16.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter17.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter2.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter3.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter4.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter5.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter6.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter7.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter8.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/Chapter9.ipynb A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/screenshots/Chapter10.png A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/screenshots/Chapter11.png A Materials_Science_and_Engineering_-_A_First_Course_by_V._Raghavan/screenshots/Chapter12.png A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter10_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter12_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter1_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter2_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter3_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter4_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter5_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter6_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter7_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter8_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/Chapter9_1.ipynb A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/README.txt A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/screenshots/11.png A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/screenshots/22.png A Materials_Science_by_Dr._M._Arumugam/screenshots/33.png A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_2_Generalized_Configurations_and_Functional_Descriptions_of_Measuring_Instruments.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_3_Generalized_Performance_Characteristics_of_Instruments.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_4_Relative_Velocity_Translational_and_Rotational.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_5_Force_Torque_and_Shaft_power_Measurement.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_6_Pressure_and_Sound_Measurement.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_7_Flow_Measurement.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/Chapter_8_Temperature_and_Heat-Flux_Measurement.ipynb A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/screenshots/cha3.png A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/screenshots/cha4.png A Measurement_Systems_by_E._O._Doebelin_And_D._N._Manik/screenshots/cha5.png A Mechanical_Metallurgy_by_George_E._Dieter/README.txt A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/AppendixA.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/AppendixA_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/AppendixA_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/AppendixA_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_10.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_11.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_12.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_13.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_14.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_4.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_5.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_6.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_7.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_8.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter01_9.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter02.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter02_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter02_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter02_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter03.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter03_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter03_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter03_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter04.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter04_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter04_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter04_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter05.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter05_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter05_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter05_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter06.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter06_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter06_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter06_3.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter07.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter07_1.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter07_2.ipynb A Mechanics_of_Materials_by_Pytel_and_Kiusalaas/Chapter07_3.ipynb A 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Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/chapter03.ipynb A Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/chapter04.ipynb A Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/screenshots/ResolShaftSpeed3.png A Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/screenshots/TorqLossEff1.png A Special_Electrical_Machines_by_S.P._Burman/screenshots/Torq_Speed1.png A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter01.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter02.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter03.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter04.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter05.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter06.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter07.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter08.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter09.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter10.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter11.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter12.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter13.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter14.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter15.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter16.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/Chapter17.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/README.txt A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_10_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_10_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_11_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_11_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_12_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_12_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_13_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_13_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_14_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_14_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_15_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_15_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_16_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_16_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_17_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_17_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_1_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_1_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_2_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_2_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_3_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_3_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_4_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_4_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_5_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_5_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_6_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_6_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_7_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_7_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_8_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_8_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_9_som.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/chapter_9_som_1.ipynb A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/B.M.D_1.JPG A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/B.M.D_2.JPG A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/BMD2.png A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/S.F.D_1.jpg A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/S.F.D_1_1.jpg A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/S.F.D_2.jpg A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/S.F.D_4.jpg A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/SFD.png A Strength_Of_Materials_by_B_K_Sarkar/screenshots/SFD3.png M The_C_Book/Chapter2.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/README.txt R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch10.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch10.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch10_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch2.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch2.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch2_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch3.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch3.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch3_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch4.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch4.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch4_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch5.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch5.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch5_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch6.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch6.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch6_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch7.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch7.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch7_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch8.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch8.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch8_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch9.ipynb -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch9.ipynb A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/ch9_1.ipynb R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same3_7.png -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same3_7.png A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same3_7_1.png R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same7.png -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same7.png A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/same7_1.png R _Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/shearAndBendingMoment7.png -> Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/shearAndBendingMoment7.png A Vector_Mechanics_for_Engineers:_Stastics_And_Dynamics_by_F._P._Beer,_E._R._Johnston,_D._F._Mazurek,_P._J._Cornwell_And_E._R._Eisenberg/screenshots/shearAndBendingMoment7_1.png A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/README.txt A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch10_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch11_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch12_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch13_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch14_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch17_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch19_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch21_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch2_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch3_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch4_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch5_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch6_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch8_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/ch9_1.ipynb A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/screenshots/EbbyNo_1.png A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/screenshots/comparision_of_models_1.png A Wireless_Communications_and_Networking_by_V._Garg/screenshots/multiplexing_1.png A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/README.txt A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch10_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch11_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch12_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch1_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch2_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch3_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch4_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch5_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch6_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch7_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch8_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/ch9_1.ipynb A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/energy_stored3_1.png A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/magnetic_flux12_1.png A _Electric_Machinery_And_Transformers_by_B._S._Guru_And_H._R._Hiziroglu/screenshots/pitch_factor7_1.png A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_10_Solid_Solutions_and_Phase_Equilibrium_2.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_10_Solid_Solutions_and_Phase_Equilibrium_3.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_11_Dispertion_Strengthening_and_Eutectic_Phase_Diagrams_2.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_11_Dispertion_Strengthening_and_Eutectic_Phase_Diagrams_3.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_12_Dispersion_Strengthening__by_Phase_Transmission_and_Heat_Treatment_2.ipynb A _Essentials_of_Materials_Science_and_Engineering_by__D._R._Askeland_and_P._P._Phule/Chapter_12_Dispersion_Strengthening__by_Phase_Transmission_and_Heat_Treatment_3.ipynb A 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author: FOSSEE SysAds 2015-12-08 15:04:13 +0600
committer: FOSSEE SysAds 2015-12-08 15:04:13 +0600
commit: 534e42c1dee8fefa92f28d4496f273f8c6e4bd94 (patch)
tree: 2896915c480bcca6cfbe6432f3fa84e2166f589b /Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari
parent: 3ed3fb328a5f4530eec6591d0ca6fe99c69b1013 (diff)
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diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter02.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter02.ipynb
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+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 02 : Magnetic Circuits and Induction"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "from pylab import *\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "U_r=6000\n",
+      "l_g=0.0006\n",
+      "l_c=.40\n",
+      "A_c=.04*.04\n",
+      "B_c=1.2\n",
+      "N=600\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculataions\n",
+      "i=(1/(U_o*N))*(((B_c*l_c)/U_r)+(B_c*l_g))\n",
+      "phi=B_c*A_c\n",
+      "lmda=N*phi\n",
+      "A_g=(.04+l_g)**2\n",
+      "B_g=phi/A_g\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"Neglecting fringing,current(A)=%.2f ohm\" %i)\n",
+      "print(\"Flux(Wb)=%.4f \" %phi)\n",
+      "print(\"Flux linkages(Wb-turns)=%.2f \" %lmda)\n",
+      "print(\"Fringing taken into account,current(A)=%.2f \" %B_g)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Neglecting fringing,current(A)=1.06 ohm\n",
+        "Flux(Wb)=0.0019 \n",
+        "Flux linkages(Wb-turns)=1.15 \n",
+        "Fringing taken into account,current(A)=1.16 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#Calculation of current reqd to produce flux in the given magnetic circuit.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "U_r=4000\n",
+      "N=600\n",
+      "l_c=.30\n",
+      "l_g=0\n",
+      "dia=.02\n",
+      "phi=.5*10**-3        #flux\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "A=(math.pi/4)*dia**2\n",
+      "i=0;\n",
+      "R=((l_c/U_r)+l_g)/(U_o*A)\n",
+      "i=(phi*R)/N\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"no air gap current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "#l_g=0.001\n",
+      "R=((l_c/U_r)+l_g)/(U_o*A)\n",
+      "i=(phi*R)/N\n",
+      "print(\"no air gap current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_g=phi/A\n",
+      "print(\"B(T) =%.4f \" %B_g)\n",
+      "H_g=B_g/U_o\n",
+      "\n",
+      "AT_g=H_g*0.001\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"AT_g =%.4f \" %AT_g)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "H_c=3000\n",
+      "AT_c=H_c*0.30\n",
+      "print(\"AT_c =%.4f \" %AT_c)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "i=(AT_g+AT_c)/N\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"from magnetisation data, current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "no air gap current(A) =0.1583 \n",
+        "no air gap current(A) =0.1583 \n",
+        "B(T) =1.5915 \n",
+        "AT_g =1266.5148 \n",
+        "AT_c =900.0000 \n",
+        "from magnetisation data, current(A) =3.6109 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#Determination of mmf of the exciting coil\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "A1=.0001\n",
+      "A2=.0002\n",
+      "l1=.025*10**-2\n",
+      "l2=.02*10**-2\n",
+      "phi=.75*10**-3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def reluctance(l,U_r,A):\n",
+      "\tRe=l/(U_o*U_r*A)\n",
+      "\treturn Re\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def mmf(R1,R2,R3):\n",
+      "\tNi=phi*(R3+((R1*R2)/(R1+R2)))\n",
+      "\treturn Ni\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_g1=reluctance(l1,1,A1)\n",
+      "R_g2=reluctance(l2,1,A1)\n",
+      "R_g3=reluctance(l2,1,A2)\n",
+      "print(\"when U_r=1,mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %mmf(R_g1,R_g2,R_g3))\n",
+      "L1=l1*2*10**3\n",
+      "L2=l2*10**3\n",
+      "R_c1=reluctance(L1,5000,A1)\n",
+      "R_c2=reluctance(L1,5000,A1)\n",
+      "R_c3=reluctance(L2,5000,A2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"when U_r=5000,mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %mmf(R_c1+R_g1,R_c2+R_g2,R_c3+R_g3))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "when U_r=1,mmf(AT) =1259.9766 \n",
+        "when U_r=5000,mmf(AT) =1680.3089 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variablesimport math\n",
+      "# Exciting current calculation needed to setup reqd flux\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "A1=800*10**-6\n",
+      "A2=600*10**-6\n",
+      "l1=1*10**-3            #air gap length\n",
+      "l2=160*10**-3          #length of central limb\n",
+      "l3=400*10**-3          #length of side limb\n",
+      "phi=.8*10**-3\n",
+      "N=500\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def fd(A):\n",
+      "\tB=phi/A\n",
+      "\treturn B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def mmf(l,B):\n",
+      "\tF=l/B\n",
+      "\treturn F\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#air gap\n",
+      "B_g=fd(A1)\n",
+      "F_g=mmf(l1,B_g)/U_o\n",
+      "print(\"F_g(AT) =%.4f \" %F_g)\n",
+      "#central limb\n",
+      "B_c=B_g\n",
+      "F_c=mmf(l2,B_c)/10**-3\n",
+      "print(\"F_c(AT)=%.4f \" %F_c)\n",
+      "#outer limb                flux is divided into half\n",
+      "B_o=fd(A2)/2\n",
+      "F_o=mmf(l3,B_o)/(4*10**-3)\n",
+      "print(\"F_o(AT)=%.4f \" %F_o)\n",
+      "i=(F_g+F_c+F_o)/N            #    total mmf/no of turns\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"exciting current(A)=%.4f \" %i)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "F_g(AT) =795.7747 \n",
+        "F_c(AT)=160.0000 \n",
+        "F_o(AT)=150.0000 \n",
+        "exciting current(A)=2.2115 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# determination of excitation coil mmf\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "A1=25*10**-4 \n",
+      "A2=12.5*10**-4 \n",
+      "A3=25*10**-4 \n",
+      "l1=.5             #length of side limb(ab+cd)\n",
+      "l2=.2           #length of central limb(ad)\n",
+      "l3=.5             #length of side limb(dea)\n",
+      "l4=.25*10**-3           #length of air gap\n",
+      "phi=.75*10**-3 \n",
+      "N=500 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def fd(A):\n",
+      "\tB=phi/A\n",
+      "\treturn B\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def flux(B,l):\n",
+      "\tF=B*l/(U_o)\n",
+      "\treturn F\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def fl(H,l):\n",
+      "\tf=H*l\n",
+      "\treturn f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_abcd=fd(A1) \n",
+      "F_bc=flux(B_abcd,l4) \n",
+      "print(\"B_abcd(T) =%.4f \" %B_abcd)\n",
+      "H_ab=200                         #for cast iron for B=0.3\n",
+      "F_abcd=fl(H_ab,l1) \n",
+      "F_ad=F_abcd+F_bc \n",
+      "H_ad=F_ad/l2 \n",
+      "print(\"H_ad(AT/m) =%.4f \" %H_ad)\n",
+      "B_ad=1.04                        #for cast iron for H=800\n",
+      "phi_ad=B_ad*A2 \n",
+      "phi_dea=phi+phi_ad \n",
+      "B_dea=phi_dea/A3 \n",
+      "H_dea=500                         #for cast iron for B=.82\n",
+      "F_dea=H_dea*l3 \n",
+      "F=F_dea+F_ad \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"reqd mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %F)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "B_abcd(T) =0.3000 \n",
+        "H_ad(AT/m) =798.4155 \n",
+        "reqd mmf(AT) =409.6831 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#determination of self and mutual inductance b/w 2 coils\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "U_r=1600 \n",
+      "A1=4*10**-4 \n",
+      "A2=4*10**-4 \n",
+      "A0=2*10**-4 \n",
+      "N1=500 \n",
+      "N2=1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "l1=.01*((6+0.5+1)*2+(4+2)) \n",
+      "l2=.01*((3+0.5+1)*2+(4+2)) \n",
+      "l0=.01*(4+2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def reluc(l,A):\n",
+      "\tR=l/(U_o*U_r*A)\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "R1=reluc(l1,A1) \n",
+      "R2=reluc(l2,A2) \n",
+      "R0=reluc(l0,A0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def re(r0,r1,r2):\n",
+      "\tre=r0+((r1*r2)/(r1+r2)) \n",
+      "\treturn re\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('coil 1 excited with 1A') \n",
+      "R_1=re(R1,R0,R2) \n",
+      "phi1=N1/R_1 \n",
+      "phi2=phi1*R0/(R0+R2) \n",
+      "L11=N1*phi1 \n",
+      "print(\"self inductance(H) =%.4f \" %L11)\n",
+      "M21=N2*phi2 \n",
+      "print(\"mutual inductance(H) =%.4f \" %M21)\n",
+      "print('coil 2 excited with 1A') \n",
+      "R_2=re(R2,R0,R1) \n",
+      "phi2=N2/R_2 \n",
+      "L22=N2*phi2 \n",
+      "print(\"self inductance(H) =%.4f \" %L22)\n",
+      "M12=M21 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"mutual inductance(H) =%.4f \" %M12)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "coil 1 excited with 1A\n",
+        "self inductance(H) =0.7267 \n",
+        "mutual inductance(H) =0.6460 \n",
+        "coil 2 excited with 1A\n",
+        "self inductance(H) =3.5529 \n",
+        "mutual inductance(H) =0.6460 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#determination of R_c,R_g,L,W_f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "U_r=6000 \n",
+      "l_g=0.0006 \n",
+      "l_c=.40 \n",
+      "A_c=.04*.04 \n",
+      "B_c=1.2 \n",
+      "N=600 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def current(B_g):\n",
+      "\ti=(1/(U_o*N))*(((B_c*l_c)/U_r)+(B_g*l_g))\n",
+      "\treturn i\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"neglecting fringing,current(A)= %.4f \" %current(B_c))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "phi=B_c*A_c \n",
+      "print(\"flux(Wb)=%.4f \" %phi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def flux_linkage(phi):\n",
+      "\tlmda=N*phi\n",
+      "\treturn lmda\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"flux linkages(Wb-turns)= %.4f \" %flux_linkage(phi))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def reluc(l,U,A):\n",
+      "\tR=l/(U_o*U*A)\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "R_c=reluc(l_c,U_r,A_c) \n",
+      "print(\"R_c=%.4f \" %R_c)\n",
+      "R_g=reluc(l_g,1,A_c) \n",
+      "print(\"R_g=%.4f \" %R_g)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "L=N**2/(R_c+R_g) \n",
+      "print(\"coil inductance(H)=%.4f \" %L)\n",
+      "W_f=(N*phi)**2/(2*L) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"energy stored in the magnetic field(J)=%.4f \" %W_f)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "neglecting fringing,current(A)= 1.0610 \n",
+        "flux(Wb)=0.0019 \n",
+        "flux linkages(Wb-turns)= 1.1520 \n",
+        "R_c=33157.2798 \n",
+        "R_g=298415.5183 \n",
+        "coil inductance(H)=1.0857 \n",
+        "energy stored in the magnetic field(J)=0.6112 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter02_1.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter02_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..41de38cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter02_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 02 : Magnetic Circuits and Induction"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "U_r=6000\n",
+      "l_g=0.0006\n",
+      "l_c=.40\n",
+      "A_c=.04*.04\n",
+      "B_c=1.2\n",
+      "N=600\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculataions\n",
+      "i=(1/(U_o*N))*(((B_c*l_c)/U_r)+(B_c*l_g))\n",
+      "phi=B_c*A_c\n",
+      "lmda=N*phi\n",
+      "A_g=(.04+l_g)**2\n",
+      "B_g=phi/A_g\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"Neglecting fringing,current(A)=%.2f ohm\" %i)\n",
+      "print(\"Flux(Wb)=%.4f \" %phi)\n",
+      "print(\"Flux linkages(Wb-turns)=%.2f \" %lmda)\n",
+      "print(\"Fringing taken into account,current(A)=%.2f \" %B_g)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Neglecting fringing,current(A)=1.06 ohm\n",
+        "Flux(Wb)=0.0019 \n",
+        "Flux linkages(Wb-turns)=1.15 \n",
+        "Fringing taken into account,current(A)=1.16 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#Calculation of current reqd to produce flux in the given magnetic circuit.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "U_r=4000\n",
+      "N=600\n",
+      "l_c=.30\n",
+      "l_g=0\n",
+      "dia=.02\n",
+      "phi=.5*10**-3        #flux\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "A=(math.pi/4)*dia**2\n",
+      "i=0;\n",
+      "R=((l_c/U_r)+l_g)/(U_o*A)\n",
+      "i=(phi*R)/N\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"no air gap current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "#l_g=0.001\n",
+      "R=((l_c/U_r)+l_g)/(U_o*A)\n",
+      "i=(phi*R)/N\n",
+      "print(\"no air gap current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_g=phi/A\n",
+      "print(\"B(T) =%.4f \" %B_g)\n",
+      "H_g=B_g/U_o\n",
+      "\n",
+      "AT_g=H_g*0.001\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"AT_g =%.4f \" %AT_g)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "H_c=3000\n",
+      "AT_c=H_c*0.30\n",
+      "print(\"AT_c =%.4f \" %AT_c)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "i=(AT_g+AT_c)/N\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"from magnetisation data, current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "no air gap current(A) =0.1583 \n",
+        "no air gap current(A) =0.1583 \n",
+        "B(T) =1.5915 \n",
+        "AT_g =1266.5148 \n",
+        "AT_c =900.0000 \n",
+        "from magnetisation data, current(A) =3.6109 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#Determination of mmf of the exciting coil\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "A1=.0001\n",
+      "A2=.0002\n",
+      "l1=.025*10**-2\n",
+      "l2=.02*10**-2\n",
+      "phi=.75*10**-3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def reluctance(l,U_r,A):\n",
+      "\tRe=l/(U_o*U_r*A)\n",
+      "\treturn Re\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def mmf(R1,R2,R3):\n",
+      "\tNi=phi*(R3+((R1*R2)/(R1+R2)))\n",
+      "\treturn Ni\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_g1=reluctance(l1,1,A1)\n",
+      "R_g2=reluctance(l2,1,A1)\n",
+      "R_g3=reluctance(l2,1,A2)\n",
+      "print(\"when U_r=1,mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %mmf(R_g1,R_g2,R_g3))\n",
+      "L1=l1*2*10**3\n",
+      "L2=l2*10**3\n",
+      "R_c1=reluctance(L1,5000,A1)\n",
+      "R_c2=reluctance(L1,5000,A1)\n",
+      "R_c3=reluctance(L2,5000,A2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"when U_r=5000,mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %mmf(R_c1+R_g1,R_c2+R_g2,R_c3+R_g3))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "when U_r=1,mmf(AT) =1259.9766 \n",
+        "when U_r=5000,mmf(AT) =1680.3089 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variablesimport math\n",
+      "# Exciting current calculation needed to setup reqd flux\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "A1=800*10**-6\n",
+      "A2=600*10**-6\n",
+      "l1=1*10**-3            #air gap length\n",
+      "l2=160*10**-3          #length of central limb\n",
+      "l3=400*10**-3          #length of side limb\n",
+      "phi=.8*10**-3\n",
+      "N=500\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def fd(A):\n",
+      "\tB=phi/A\n",
+      "\treturn B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def mmf(l,B):\n",
+      "\tF=l/B\n",
+      "\treturn F\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#air gap\n",
+      "B_g=fd(A1)\n",
+      "F_g=mmf(l1,B_g)/U_o\n",
+      "print(\"F_g(AT) =%.4f \" %F_g)\n",
+      "#central limb\n",
+      "B_c=B_g\n",
+      "F_c=mmf(l2,B_c)/10**-3\n",
+      "print(\"F_c(AT)=%.4f \" %F_c)\n",
+      "#outer limb                flux is divided into half\n",
+      "B_o=fd(A2)/2\n",
+      "F_o=mmf(l3,B_o)/(4*10**-3)\n",
+      "print(\"F_o(AT)=%.4f \" %F_o)\n",
+      "i=(F_g+F_c+F_o)/N            #    total mmf/no of turns\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"exciting current(A)=%.4f \" %i)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "F_g(AT) =795.7747 \n",
+        "F_c(AT)=160.0000 \n",
+        "F_o(AT)=150.0000 \n",
+        "exciting current(A)=2.2115 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# determination of excitation coil mmf\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "A1=25*10**-4 \n",
+      "A2=12.5*10**-4 \n",
+      "A3=25*10**-4 \n",
+      "l1=.5             #length of side limb(ab+cd)\n",
+      "l2=.2           #length of central limb(ad)\n",
+      "l3=.5             #length of side limb(dea)\n",
+      "l4=.25*10**-3           #length of air gap\n",
+      "phi=.75*10**-3 \n",
+      "N=500 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def fd(A):\n",
+      "\tB=phi/A\n",
+      "\treturn B\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def flux(B,l):\n",
+      "\tF=B*l/(U_o)\n",
+      "\treturn F\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def fl(H,l):\n",
+      "\tf=H*l\n",
+      "\treturn f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_abcd=fd(A1) \n",
+      "F_bc=flux(B_abcd,l4) \n",
+      "print(\"B_abcd(T) =%.4f \" %B_abcd)\n",
+      "H_ab=200                         #for cast iron for B=0.3\n",
+      "F_abcd=fl(H_ab,l1) \n",
+      "F_ad=F_abcd+F_bc \n",
+      "H_ad=F_ad/l2 \n",
+      "print(\"H_ad(AT/m) =%.4f \" %H_ad)\n",
+      "B_ad=1.04                        #for cast iron for H=800\n",
+      "phi_ad=B_ad*A2 \n",
+      "phi_dea=phi+phi_ad \n",
+      "B_dea=phi_dea/A3 \n",
+      "H_dea=500                         #for cast iron for B=.82\n",
+      "F_dea=H_dea*l3 \n",
+      "F=F_dea+F_ad \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"reqd mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %F)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "B_abcd(T) =0.3000 \n",
+        "H_ad(AT/m) =798.4155 \n",
+        "reqd mmf(AT) =409.6831 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#determination of self and mutual inductance b/w 2 coils\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "U_r=1600 \n",
+      "A1=4*10**-4 \n",
+      "A2=4*10**-4 \n",
+      "A0=2*10**-4 \n",
+      "N1=500 \n",
+      "N2=1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "l1=.01*((6+0.5+1)*2+(4+2)) \n",
+      "l2=.01*((3+0.5+1)*2+(4+2)) \n",
+      "l0=.01*(4+2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def reluc(l,A):\n",
+      "\tR=l/(U_o*U_r*A)\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "R1=reluc(l1,A1) \n",
+      "R2=reluc(l2,A2) \n",
+      "R0=reluc(l0,A0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def re(r0,r1,r2):\n",
+      "\tre=r0+((r1*r2)/(r1+r2)) \n",
+      "\treturn re\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('coil 1 excited with 1A') \n",
+      "R_1=re(R1,R0,R2) \n",
+      "phi1=N1/R_1 \n",
+      "phi2=phi1*R0/(R0+R2) \n",
+      "L11=N1*phi1 \n",
+      "print(\"self inductance(H) =%.4f \" %L11)\n",
+      "M21=N2*phi2 \n",
+      "print(\"mutual inductance(H) =%.4f \" %M21)\n",
+      "print('coil 2 excited with 1A') \n",
+      "R_2=re(R2,R0,R1) \n",
+      "phi2=N2/R_2 \n",
+      "L22=N2*phi2 \n",
+      "print(\"self inductance(H) =%.4f \" %L22)\n",
+      "M12=M21 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"mutual inductance(H) =%.4f \" %M12)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "coil 1 excited with 1A\n",
+        "self inductance(H) =0.7267 \n",
+        "mutual inductance(H) =0.6460 \n",
+        "coil 2 excited with 1A\n",
+        "self inductance(H) =3.5529 \n",
+        "mutual inductance(H) =0.6460 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#determination of R_c,R_g,L,W_f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "U_r=6000 \n",
+      "l_g=0.0006 \n",
+      "l_c=.40 \n",
+      "A_c=.04*.04 \n",
+      "B_c=1.2 \n",
+      "N=600 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def current(B_g):\n",
+      "\ti=(1/(U_o*N))*(((B_c*l_c)/U_r)+(B_g*l_g))\n",
+      "\treturn i\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"neglecting fringing,current(A)= %.4f \" %current(B_c))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "phi=B_c*A_c \n",
+      "print(\"flux(Wb)=%.4f \" %phi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def flux_linkage(phi):\n",
+      "\tlmda=N*phi\n",
+      "\treturn lmda\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"flux linkages(Wb-turns)= %.4f \" %flux_linkage(phi))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def reluc(l,U,A):\n",
+      "\tR=l/(U_o*U*A)\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "R_c=reluc(l_c,U_r,A_c) \n",
+      "print(\"R_c=%.4f \" %R_c)\n",
+      "R_g=reluc(l_g,1,A_c) \n",
+      "print(\"R_g=%.4f \" %R_g)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "L=N**2/(R_c+R_g) \n",
+      "print(\"coil inductance(H)=%.4f \" %L)\n",
+      "W_f=(N*phi)**2/(2*L) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"energy stored in the magnetic field(J)=%.4f \" %W_f)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "neglecting fringing,current(A)= 1.0610 \n",
+        "flux(Wb)=0.0019 \n",
+        "flux linkages(Wb-turns)= 1.1520 \n",
+        "R_c=33157.2798 \n",
+        "R_g=298415.5183 \n",
+        "coil inductance(H)=1.0857 \n",
+        "energy stored in the magnetic field(J)=0.6112 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter02_2.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter02_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..41de38cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter02_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 02 : Magnetic Circuits and Induction"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "U_r=6000\n",
+      "l_g=0.0006\n",
+      "l_c=.40\n",
+      "A_c=.04*.04\n",
+      "B_c=1.2\n",
+      "N=600\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculataions\n",
+      "i=(1/(U_o*N))*(((B_c*l_c)/U_r)+(B_c*l_g))\n",
+      "phi=B_c*A_c\n",
+      "lmda=N*phi\n",
+      "A_g=(.04+l_g)**2\n",
+      "B_g=phi/A_g\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"Neglecting fringing,current(A)=%.2f ohm\" %i)\n",
+      "print(\"Flux(Wb)=%.4f \" %phi)\n",
+      "print(\"Flux linkages(Wb-turns)=%.2f \" %lmda)\n",
+      "print(\"Fringing taken into account,current(A)=%.2f \" %B_g)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Neglecting fringing,current(A)=1.06 ohm\n",
+        "Flux(Wb)=0.0019 \n",
+        "Flux linkages(Wb-turns)=1.15 \n",
+        "Fringing taken into account,current(A)=1.16 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#Calculation of current reqd to produce flux in the given magnetic circuit.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "U_r=4000\n",
+      "N=600\n",
+      "l_c=.30\n",
+      "l_g=0\n",
+      "dia=.02\n",
+      "phi=.5*10**-3        #flux\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "A=(math.pi/4)*dia**2\n",
+      "i=0;\n",
+      "R=((l_c/U_r)+l_g)/(U_o*A)\n",
+      "i=(phi*R)/N\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"no air gap current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "#l_g=0.001\n",
+      "R=((l_c/U_r)+l_g)/(U_o*A)\n",
+      "i=(phi*R)/N\n",
+      "print(\"no air gap current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_g=phi/A\n",
+      "print(\"B(T) =%.4f \" %B_g)\n",
+      "H_g=B_g/U_o\n",
+      "\n",
+      "AT_g=H_g*0.001\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"AT_g =%.4f \" %AT_g)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "H_c=3000\n",
+      "AT_c=H_c*0.30\n",
+      "print(\"AT_c =%.4f \" %AT_c)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "i=(AT_g+AT_c)/N\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"from magnetisation data, current(A) =%.4f \" %i)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "no air gap current(A) =0.1583 \n",
+        "no air gap current(A) =0.1583 \n",
+        "B(T) =1.5915 \n",
+        "AT_g =1266.5148 \n",
+        "AT_c =900.0000 \n",
+        "from magnetisation data, current(A) =3.6109 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#Determination of mmf of the exciting coil\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "A1=.0001\n",
+      "A2=.0002\n",
+      "l1=.025*10**-2\n",
+      "l2=.02*10**-2\n",
+      "phi=.75*10**-3\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def reluctance(l,U_r,A):\n",
+      "\tRe=l/(U_o*U_r*A)\n",
+      "\treturn Re\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def mmf(R1,R2,R3):\n",
+      "\tNi=phi*(R3+((R1*R2)/(R1+R2)))\n",
+      "\treturn Ni\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_g1=reluctance(l1,1,A1)\n",
+      "R_g2=reluctance(l2,1,A1)\n",
+      "R_g3=reluctance(l2,1,A2)\n",
+      "print(\"when U_r=1,mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %mmf(R_g1,R_g2,R_g3))\n",
+      "L1=l1*2*10**3\n",
+      "L2=l2*10**3\n",
+      "R_c1=reluctance(L1,5000,A1)\n",
+      "R_c2=reluctance(L1,5000,A1)\n",
+      "R_c3=reluctance(L2,5000,A2)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"when U_r=5000,mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %mmf(R_c1+R_g1,R_c2+R_g2,R_c3+R_g3))\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "when U_r=1,mmf(AT) =1259.9766 \n",
+        "when U_r=5000,mmf(AT) =1680.3089 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variablesimport math\n",
+      "# Exciting current calculation needed to setup reqd flux\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7\n",
+      "A1=800*10**-6\n",
+      "A2=600*10**-6\n",
+      "l1=1*10**-3            #air gap length\n",
+      "l2=160*10**-3          #length of central limb\n",
+      "l3=400*10**-3          #length of side limb\n",
+      "phi=.8*10**-3\n",
+      "N=500\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def fd(A):\n",
+      "\tB=phi/A\n",
+      "\treturn B\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def mmf(l,B):\n",
+      "\tF=l/B\n",
+      "\treturn F\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#air gap\n",
+      "B_g=fd(A1)\n",
+      "F_g=mmf(l1,B_g)/U_o\n",
+      "print(\"F_g(AT) =%.4f \" %F_g)\n",
+      "#central limb\n",
+      "B_c=B_g\n",
+      "F_c=mmf(l2,B_c)/10**-3\n",
+      "print(\"F_c(AT)=%.4f \" %F_c)\n",
+      "#outer limb                flux is divided into half\n",
+      "B_o=fd(A2)/2\n",
+      "F_o=mmf(l3,B_o)/(4*10**-3)\n",
+      "print(\"F_o(AT)=%.4f \" %F_o)\n",
+      "i=(F_g+F_c+F_o)/N            #    total mmf/no of turns\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"exciting current(A)=%.4f \" %i)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "F_g(AT) =795.7747 \n",
+        "F_c(AT)=160.0000 \n",
+        "F_o(AT)=150.0000 \n",
+        "exciting current(A)=2.2115 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# determination of excitation coil mmf\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "A1=25*10**-4 \n",
+      "A2=12.5*10**-4 \n",
+      "A3=25*10**-4 \n",
+      "l1=.5             #length of side limb(ab+cd)\n",
+      "l2=.2           #length of central limb(ad)\n",
+      "l3=.5             #length of side limb(dea)\n",
+      "l4=.25*10**-3           #length of air gap\n",
+      "phi=.75*10**-3 \n",
+      "N=500 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def fd(A):\n",
+      "\tB=phi/A\n",
+      "\treturn B\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def flux(B,l):\n",
+      "\tF=B*l/(U_o)\n",
+      "\treturn F\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def fl(H,l):\n",
+      "\tf=H*l\n",
+      "\treturn f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_abcd=fd(A1) \n",
+      "F_bc=flux(B_abcd,l4) \n",
+      "print(\"B_abcd(T) =%.4f \" %B_abcd)\n",
+      "H_ab=200                         #for cast iron for B=0.3\n",
+      "F_abcd=fl(H_ab,l1) \n",
+      "F_ad=F_abcd+F_bc \n",
+      "H_ad=F_ad/l2 \n",
+      "print(\"H_ad(AT/m) =%.4f \" %H_ad)\n",
+      "B_ad=1.04                        #for cast iron for H=800\n",
+      "phi_ad=B_ad*A2 \n",
+      "phi_dea=phi+phi_ad \n",
+      "B_dea=phi_dea/A3 \n",
+      "H_dea=500                         #for cast iron for B=.82\n",
+      "F_dea=H_dea*l3 \n",
+      "F=F_dea+F_ad \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"reqd mmf(AT) =%.4f \" %F)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "B_abcd(T) =0.3000 \n",
+        "H_ad(AT/m) =798.4155 \n",
+        "reqd mmf(AT) =409.6831 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.7, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#determination of self and mutual inductance b/w 2 coils\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "U_r=1600 \n",
+      "A1=4*10**-4 \n",
+      "A2=4*10**-4 \n",
+      "A0=2*10**-4 \n",
+      "N1=500 \n",
+      "N2=1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "l1=.01*((6+0.5+1)*2+(4+2)) \n",
+      "l2=.01*((3+0.5+1)*2+(4+2)) \n",
+      "l0=.01*(4+2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def reluc(l,A):\n",
+      "\tR=l/(U_o*U_r*A)\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "R1=reluc(l1,A1) \n",
+      "R2=reluc(l2,A2) \n",
+      "R0=reluc(l0,A0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def re(r0,r1,r2):\n",
+      "\tre=r0+((r1*r2)/(r1+r2)) \n",
+      "\treturn re\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('coil 1 excited with 1A') \n",
+      "R_1=re(R1,R0,R2) \n",
+      "phi1=N1/R_1 \n",
+      "phi2=phi1*R0/(R0+R2) \n",
+      "L11=N1*phi1 \n",
+      "print(\"self inductance(H) =%.4f \" %L11)\n",
+      "M21=N2*phi2 \n",
+      "print(\"mutual inductance(H) =%.4f \" %M21)\n",
+      "print('coil 2 excited with 1A') \n",
+      "R_2=re(R2,R0,R1) \n",
+      "phi2=N2/R_2 \n",
+      "L22=N2*phi2 \n",
+      "print(\"self inductance(H) =%.4f \" %L22)\n",
+      "M12=M21 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"mutual inductance(H) =%.4f \" %M12)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "coil 1 excited with 1A\n",
+        "self inductance(H) =0.7267 \n",
+        "mutual inductance(H) =0.6460 \n",
+        "coil 2 excited with 1A\n",
+        "self inductance(H) =3.5529 \n",
+        "mutual inductance(H) =0.6460 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 2.8 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#determination of R_c,R_g,L,W_f\n",
+      "\n",
+      "U_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "U_r=6000 \n",
+      "l_g=0.0006 \n",
+      "l_c=.40 \n",
+      "A_c=.04*.04 \n",
+      "B_c=1.2 \n",
+      "N=600 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def current(B_g):\n",
+      "\ti=(1/(U_o*N))*(((B_c*l_c)/U_r)+(B_g*l_g))\n",
+      "\treturn i\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"neglecting fringing,current(A)= %.4f \" %current(B_c))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "phi=B_c*A_c \n",
+      "print(\"flux(Wb)=%.4f \" %phi)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def flux_linkage(phi):\n",
+      "\tlmda=N*phi\n",
+      "\treturn lmda\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(\"flux linkages(Wb-turns)= %.4f \" %flux_linkage(phi))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def reluc(l,U,A):\n",
+      "\tR=l/(U_o*U*A)\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "R_c=reluc(l_c,U_r,A_c) \n",
+      "print(\"R_c=%.4f \" %R_c)\n",
+      "R_g=reluc(l_g,1,A_c) \n",
+      "print(\"R_g=%.4f \" %R_g)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "L=N**2/(R_c+R_g) \n",
+      "print(\"coil inductance(H)=%.4f \" %L)\n",
+      "W_f=(N*phi)**2/(2*L) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"energy stored in the magnetic field(J)=%.4f \" %W_f)\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "neglecting fringing,current(A)= 1.0610 \n",
+        "flux(Wb)=0.0019 \n",
+        "flux linkages(Wb-turns)= 1.1520 \n",
+        "R_c=33157.2798 \n",
+        "R_g=298415.5183 \n",
+        "coil inductance(H)=1.0857 \n",
+        "energy stored in the magnetic field(J)=0.6112 \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..bbb91627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1885 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 03 : Transformers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine no load power factor,core loss current and magnetising current\n",
+      "#  and no load ckt parameters of transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pi=50.0\n",
+      "V1=230.0\n",
+      "Io=2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "pf=Pi/(V1*Io)\n",
+      "print(\"No load power factor %.2f v \" %pf)\n",
+      "Im=Io*math.sin(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))))\n",
+      "print(\"Magnetising current(A) %.2f v \" %Im)\n",
+      "Ii=Io*pf\n",
+      "print(\"core loss current(A) %.2f v \" %Ii)\n",
+      "Gi=Pi/V1**2\n",
+      "print(\"Gi(mho) %.2f v \" %Gi)\n",
+      "Bm=Im/V1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"Bm(mho) %.2f v \" %Bm)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "No load power factor 0.00 v \n",
+        "Magnetising current(A) 2.00 v \n",
+        "core loss current(A) 0.00 v \n",
+        "Gi(mho) 0.00 v \n",
+        "Bm(mho) 0.01 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# To calculate no load current and its pf and no load power drawn from mains\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E=200 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "N1=150         # no of turns\n",
+      "b1=.1 \n",
+      "b2=.05 \n",
+      "phi_max=E/(4.44*f*N1) \n",
+      "print(\"flux(Wb)%.2f v \" %phi_max)\n",
+      "B_max=phi_max/(b1*b2) \n",
+      "print(\"B_max(T) = %.2f v \" %B_max)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "H_max=250         #According to B_max, H_max is 250AT/m\n",
+      "l_c=.2*(3.0+3.5)     #length of core\n",
+      "AT_max=H_max*l_c \n",
+      "print(\"AT_max = %.2f v \" %AT_max)\n",
+      "T_max=N1 \n",
+      "I_mmax=AT_max/T_max \n",
+      "I_mrms=I_mmax/2**.5 \n",
+      "print(\"I_mrms(A) = %.2f v \" %I_mrms)\n",
+      "v=2*(20*10*5)+2*(45*10*5) \n",
+      "d=.0079             #density of core material\n",
+      "w=v*d \n",
+      "cl=3                 #core loss/kg\n",
+      "closs=w*cl \n",
+      "print(\"core loss(W) = %.2f v \" %closs)\n",
+      "I_i=closs/E \n",
+      "print(\"I_i(A) = %.2f v \" %I_i)\n",
+      "def rect2polar(x,y):\n",
+      "    r=math.sqrt(x**2+y**2)\n",
+      "    return r\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def rect2polar2(x,y):\n",
+      "    pff=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(y/x))))\n",
+      "    return pff\t\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_o=rect2polar(I_i,-I_mmax) \n",
+      "pf=rect2polar(I_i,-I_mmax) \n",
+      "print(\"no load current(A) = %.2f v \" %I_o)\n",
+      "print(\"no load power factor = %.2f v \" %pf)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "flux(Wb)0.01 v \n",
+        "B_max(T) = 1.20 v \n",
+        "AT_max = 325.00 v \n",
+        "I_mrms(A) = 1.53 v \n",
+        "core loss(W) = 154.05 v \n",
+        "I_i(A) = 0.77 v \n",
+        "no load current(A) = 2.30 v \n",
+        "no load power factor = 2.30 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# To calculate primary and scondary side impedences,current and their pf and real power\n",
+      "# and calculate terminal voltage\n",
+      "N_1=150.0 \n",
+      "N_2=75.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=N_1/N_2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_2=[5,30]                 #polar(magnitude,phase diff)\n",
+      "I_2=[0,0]\n",
+      "I_1=[0,0]\n",
+      "print(Z_2,'secondary impedence(ohm)') \n",
+      "Z_1=[a**2*Z_2[0],Z_2[1]] \n",
+      "print(Z_1,'primary impedence(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_1=[200,0]                 #polar(magnitde,phase diff)\n",
+      "V_2=[V_1[0]/a,V_1[1]] \n",
+      "print(V_2,'secondary terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_2[0]=V_2[0]/Z_2[0] \n",
+      "I_2[1]=V_2[1]-Z_2[1] \n",
+      "print(I_2,'I_2=') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_2[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf lagging=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_1[0]=I_2[0]/a \n",
+      "I_1[1]=I_2[1] \n",
+      "print(I_1,'I_1(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_1[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf lagging=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_2=V_2[0]*I_2[0]*math.cos(math.radians(I_2[1]))  \n",
+      "print(P_2,'secondary power output(W)=') \n",
+      "#P_1=primary power output\n",
+      "P_1=P_2                            #as the transormer is lossless\n",
+      "print(P_1,'primary power output(W)=') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([5, 30], 'secondary impedence(ohm)')\n",
+        "([20, 30], 'primary impedence(ohm)')\n",
+        "([100, 0], 'secondary terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "([20, -30], 'I_2=')\n",
+        "(0.8660254037844387, 'pf lagging=')\n",
+        "([10, -30], 'I_1(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8660254037844387, 'pf lagging=')\n",
+        "(1732.0508075688774, 'secondary power output(W)=')\n",
+        "(1732.0508075688774, 'primary power output(W)=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# To calculate primary current and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def polar2rect(r,theta):\n",
+      "\tx=r*math.cos(math.radians(theta))\n",
+      "\treturn x\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def polar2rect2(r,theta):\n",
+      "\ty=r*math.sin(math.radians(theta))\n",
+      "\treturn y\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def rect2polar(x,y):\n",
+      "\tr=math.sqrt(x**2+y**2) \n",
+      "\treturn r\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def rect2polar2(x,y):\n",
+      "\ttheta=math.degrees(math.atan(y/x))\n",
+      "\treturn theta\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_2=[10,-30] \n",
+      "I_2r=[0,0] \n",
+      "I_2r[0]=polar2rect(I_2[0],I_2[1]) \n",
+      "I_2r[1]=polar2rect2(I_2[0],I_2[1]) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_0=[1.62,-71.5] \n",
+      "I_0r=[0,0] \n",
+      "I_0r[0]=polar2rect(I_0[0],I_0[1]) \n",
+      "I_0r[1]=polar2rect2(I_0[0],I_0[1]) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_1r=I_0r+I_2r \n",
+      "I_1[0]=rect2polar(I_1r[0],I_1r[1]) \n",
+      "I_1[1]=rect2polar2(I_1r[0],I_1r[1]) \n",
+      "print(I_1[0],'primary current(A)=') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_1[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor=') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.62, 'primary current(A)=')\n",
+        "(0.3173046564050921, 'power factor=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.5, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Equivalent circuit referred to(i)HV side (ii)LV side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N_1=2000 \n",
+      "N_2=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=N_1/N_2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_2=p=complex(0.004,0.005)  #low voltage impedence\n",
+      "Z_2hv=a**2*Z_2 \n",
+      "print(Z_2hv,'Z_2 referred to hv side(ohm)')                         #when referred to hv side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Y_0=complex(0.002,-0.015)             #shunt branch admittance\n",
+      "Y_0hv=Y_0/a**2 \n",
+      "print(Y_0hv,'Y_0 referred to hv side(mho)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_1=complex(0.42,-0.52)                    #low voltage impedence\n",
+      "Z_1lv=Z_1/a**2 \n",
+      "print(Z_1lv,'Z_1 referred to lv side(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "((0.4+0.5j), 'Z_2 referred to hv side(ohm)')\n",
+        "((2e-05-0.00015j), 'Y_0 referred to hv side(mho)')\n",
+        "((0.0042-0.0052j), 'Z_1 referred to lv side(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# To find the voltage at the load end of the transformer when load is drawing transformer current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I=20/2                     #rated load current(hv side)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z1=[.25,1.4]                     #impedence of feeder    (REAL,IMAGINERY)\n",
+      "Z2=[.82,1.02]                    #impedence of transformer    (REAL,IMAGINERY)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=Z1+Z2 \n",
+      "print(Z,'Z(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "#from phasor diagram\n",
+      "   \n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R=Z[0]\n",
+      "X=Z[0]\n",
+      "AF=I*X*math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "FE=I*R*math.sin(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "AE=AF-FE \n",
+      "OA=2000 \n",
+      "OE=math.sqrt(OA**2-AE**2)                                                         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "BD=I*R*math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "DE=I*X*math.sin(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "BE=BD+DE \n",
+      "V1=OE    \n",
+      "print(V1,'V1(V)')  \n",
+      "V2=V1-BE     \n",
+      "print(V2,'V2(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "loadvol=V2/10                         #referred to LV side\n",
+      "print(loadvol,'load voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([0.25, 1.4, 0.82, 1.02], 'Z(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1999.999937499999, 'V1(V)')\n",
+        "(1996.499937499999, 'V2(V)')\n",
+        "(199.6499937499999, 'load voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.7, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Approx equivalent ckt referred to hv and lv sides resp,\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#open ckt test data with HV side open\n",
+      "ocv=200.0 \n",
+      "oci=4.0 \n",
+      "ocp=120.0 \n",
+      "#short ckt test data with LV side open\n",
+      "scv=60.0 \n",
+      "sci=10.0 \n",
+      "scp=300.0 \n",
+      "#OC test(LV side)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_o=oci/ocv     \n",
+      "print(\"Y_o %.4f v \" %Y_o)\n",
+      "G_i=ocp/ocv**2   \n",
+      "print(\"G_i %.4f v \" %G_i)\n",
+      "B_m=math.sqrt(Y_o**2-G_i**2) \n",
+      "print(\"B_m %.4f v \" %B_m)   \n",
+      "#SC test(HV side)\n",
+      "Z=scv/sci      \n",
+      "print(\"Z(ohm) %.4f v \" %Z) \n",
+      "R=scp/sci**2   \n",
+      "print(\"R(ohm) %.4f v \" %R)   \n",
+      "X=math.sqrt(Z**2-R**2) \n",
+      "print(\"X(ohm) %.4f v \" %X)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N_H=2000 \n",
+      "N_L=200 \n",
+      "a=N_H/N_L                             #transformation ratio\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Equivalent ckt referred to HV side\n",
+      "G_iHV=G_i/a**2        \n",
+      "print(\"G_i(HV)mho %.4f v \" %G_iHV) \n",
+      "B_mHV=B_m/a**2    \n",
+      "print(\"B_m(HV)mho %.4f v \" %B_mHV) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Equivalent ckt referred to LV side\n",
+      "RLV=R/a**2       \n",
+      "print(\"R(LV)ohm %.4f v \" %RLV) \n",
+      "XLV=X/a**2         \n",
+      "print(\"X(LV)ohm %.4f v \" %XLV) "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y_o 0.0200 v \n",
+        "G_i 0.0030 v \n",
+        "B_m 0.0198 v \n",
+        "Z(ohm) 6.0000 v \n",
+        "R(ohm) 3.0000 v \n",
+        "X(ohm) 5.1962 v \n",
+        "G_i(HV)mho 0.0000 v \n",
+        "B_m(HV)mho 0.0002 v \n",
+        "R(LV)ohm 0.0300 v \n",
+        "X(LV)ohm 0.0520 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.8 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# to calculate (a)open ckt current,power and pf when LV excited at rated voltage\n",
+      "# (b) voltage at which HV side is excited, ip power and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=150000                                     #rating(VA)\n",
+      "V1=2400.0 \n",
+      "V2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=V1/V2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_1=.2 \n",
+      "X_1=.45 \n",
+      "R_i=10000 \n",
+      "R_2=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "X_2=4.5*10**-3 \n",
+      "X_m=1600 \n",
+      "#Referring the shunt parameters to LV side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R_iLV=R_i/a**2 \n",
+      "X_mLV=X_m/a**2 \n",
+      "I_oLV=[V2/100.0,V2/16.0] \n",
+      "I_o=math.sqrt(I_oLV[0]**2+I_oLV[1]**2)     \n",
+      "print(I_o,'I_o(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(I_oLV[1]/I_oLV[0]))))\n",
+      "print(\"pf = %.2f v \" %pf) \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(15.190786681406594, 'I_o(A)')\n",
+        "pf = 0.16 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.10 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#To find exciting current and expess impedence in pu in both HV and LV sides\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_BHV=2000.0 \n",
+      "I_BHV=10.0 \n",
+      "Z_BHV=V_BHV/I_BHV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_BLV=200.0 \n",
+      "I_BLV=100.0 \n",
+      "Z_BLV=V_BLV/I_BLV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_o=3.0 \n",
+      "a=V_BHV/V_BLV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_oLV=I_o/100     \n",
+      "print(I_oLV,'I_o(LV)pu=') \n",
+      "I_oHV=I_o/(a*10)     \n",
+      "print(I_oHV,'I_o(HV)pu=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=complex(8.2,10.2) \n",
+      "ZHV=Z/Z_BHV     \n",
+      "print(ZHV,'Z(HV)pu=') \n",
+      "z=Z/a**2     \n",
+      "ZLV=z/Z_BLV     \n",
+      "print(ZLV,'Z(LV)pu=') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.03, 'I_o(LV)pu=')\n",
+        "(0.03, 'I_o(HV)pu=')\n",
+        "((0.040999999999999995+0.051j), 'Z(HV)pu=')\n",
+        "((0.040999999999999995+0.051j), 'Z(LV)pu=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.11 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_2=200 \n",
+      "I_2=100 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "P_o=V_2*I_2*pf             #power output\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_i=120.0 \n",
+      "P_c=300.0 \n",
+      "k=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "P_L=P_i+k**2*P_c             #total losses\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1-(P_L/(P_o+P_L))        \n",
+      "print(\"n percent = %.2f v \" %(n*100))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "K=math.sqrt(P_i/P_c)             #max efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n_max=1-(2*P_i/(P_o*K+2*P_i))         #pf=.8\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"n_max percent = %.2f v \" %(n_max*100))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n percent = 97.44 v \n",
+        "n_max percent = 97.68 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.13, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# Comparing all-day efficiencies for diff given load cycles\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=15.0              # kva rating\n",
+      "n_max=.98 \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "P_o=20.0 \n",
+      "P_i=r*(1-n_max)/2  \n",
+      "k=r*pf/P_o \n",
+      "P_c=P_i/(k**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def power(P_o,h):\n",
+      "    k=P_o/20\n",
+      "    P_c=P_i*P_o/r\n",
+      "    W_o=P_o*h\n",
+      "    W_in=(P_o+P_i+(k**2)*P_c)*h\n",
+      "    return W_o,W_in\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(a)full load of 20kva 12hrs/day and no load rest of the day\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=[20,12] \n",
+      "W_oa=[0,0]\n",
+      "W_ina=[0,0]\n",
+      "[W_oa[0],W_ina[0]]=power(a[0],a[1]) \n",
+      "aa=[0,12] \n",
+      "[W_oa[1],W_ina[1]]=power(aa[0],aa[1]) \n",
+      "print(W_oa,'W_o(kWh) for a') \n",
+      "print(W_ina,'W_in(kWh) for a') \n",
+      "n_ada=sum(W_oa)/sum(W_ina)     \n",
+      "print(n_ada*100,'n_allday(a) in %age') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(b)full load of 20kva 4hrs/day and .4 of full load rest of the day\n",
+      "b=[20,4] \n",
+      "W_ob=[0,0]\n",
+      "W_inb=[0,0]\n",
+      "[W_ob[0],W_inb[0]]=power(b[0],b[1]) \n",
+      "bb=[8,20] \n",
+      "[W_ob[1],W_inb[1]]=power(bb[0],bb[1]) \n",
+      "print(W_ob,'W_o(kWh) for b') \n",
+      "print(W_inb,'W_in(kWh) for b') \n",
+      "n_adb=sum(W_ob)/sum(W_inb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_adb*100,'n_allday(b) in %age')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([240, 0], 'W_o(kWh) for a')\n",
+        "([244.2, 1.8000000000000016], 'W_in(kWh) for a')\n",
+        "(97.5609756097561, 'n_allday(a) in %age')\n",
+        "([80, 160], 'W_o(kWh) for b')\n",
+        "([81.39999999999999, 163.0], 'W_in(kWh) for b')\n",
+        "(98.19967266775778, 'n_allday(b) in %age')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.14, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# To calculate volatage regulation, volatage at load terminals and operating efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=20*1000 \n",
+      "V1=200 \n",
+      "V2=2000 \n",
+      "I1=S/V1 \n",
+      "I2=S/V2 \n",
+      "Rh=3 \n",
+      "Xh=5.2 \n",
+      "pf=0.8             \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vha=V2+I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi)))         #lagging\n",
+      "Vrega=(Vha-V2)*100/V2      \n",
+      "print(Vrega,'vol-reg lagging(%)') \n",
+      "Vhb=V2+I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))-Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi)))         #leading\n",
+      "Vregb=(Vhb-V2)*100/V2      \n",
+      "print(Vregb,'vol-reg leading(%)') \n",
+      "V11=V2-I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "v1=V11/I2         \n",
+      "print(v1,'V_L(V)') \n",
+      "ploss=120+10*10*3 \n",
+      "pop=v1*I1*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "eff=(1-(ploss/(ploss+pop)))*100.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff,'eff(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2.759999999999991, 'vol-reg lagging(%)')\n",
+        "(-0.36000000000000226, 'vol-reg leading(%)')\n",
+        "(194.48, 'V_L(V)')\n",
+        "(97.37145145947028, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine voltage regulation and efficiency\n",
+      "r=150*1000.0                     #rating in va\n",
+      "v1=2400.0 \n",
+      "v2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=v2/v1 \n",
+      "R_hv=.2+.002/a**2 \n",
+      "X_hv=.45+.0045/a**2 \n",
+      "I_2fl=r/v2 \n",
+      "pf=0.8        #lagging\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "I_2=I_2fl*a \n",
+      "vd=I_2*(R_hv*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+X_hv*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "V2=v1 \n",
+      "vr=(vd/V2)*100         \n",
+      "print(vr,'vol reg(%)') \n",
+      "V1=v1+vd \n",
+      "P_out=r*pf \n",
+      "P_c=(I_2**2)*R_hv         #copper loss\n",
+      "P_i=(V1**2)/10000 \n",
+      "P_L=P_c+P_i \n",
+      "n=P_out/(P_out+P_L)         \n",
+      "print(n*100,'eff(%)') \n",
+      "I_o=[0,0]\n",
+      "I2=[0,0]\n",
+      "I_o[0]=V1/(10*1000) \n",
+      "I_o[1]=-V1/(1.6*1000)        #inductive effect\n",
+      "I2[0]=I_2*(math.cos(math.radians(phi)))     \n",
+      "I2[1]=I_2*(-math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "I_1=I_o+I2      \n",
+      "b=math.sqrt(I_1[0]**2+I_1[1]**2) \n",
+      "print(b,'I_1(A)') \n",
+      "pff=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(I_1[1]/I_1[0]))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pff,'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2.239583333333333, 'vol reg(%)')\n",
+        "(98.22813719947018, 'eff(%)')\n",
+        "(1.5530997008125598, 'I_1(A)')\n",
+        "(0.15799050110667276, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.16, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate voltage ratings,kva ratings and efficieny of autotransformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "AB=200.0\n",
+      "BC=2000.0\n",
+      "V_1=BC         \n",
+      "print(V_1,'V_1(V)') \n",
+      "V_2=AB+BC      \n",
+      "print(V_2,'V_2(V)') \n",
+      "r=20000             #rating of transformer\n",
+      "I_2=r/AB \n",
+      "I_1=I_2+10 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "rr=V_2*I_2/1000         #kva rating of autotransformer\n",
+      "print(rr,'kva rating') \n",
+      "ri=V_1*(I_1-I_2)/1000     #kva inductive\n",
+      "rc=rr-ri \n",
+      "print(ri,'kva transferred inductively') \n",
+      "print(rc,'kva transferred conductively') \n",
+      "W_c=120             #core loss\n",
+      "W_cu=300             #cu loss\n",
+      "W_t=W_c+W_cu         #total loss\n",
+      "pf=0.8 \n",
+      "W=V_2*I_2*pf         #full load output\n",
+      "n=1-(W_t/W) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n*100,'eff(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2000.0, 'V_1(V)')\n",
+        "(2200.0, 'V_2(V)')\n",
+        "(220.0, 'kva rating')\n",
+        "(20.0, 'kva transferred inductively')\n",
+        "(200.0, 'kva transferred conductively')\n",
+        "(99.76136363636363, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.17, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine the rating and full load efficiency of autotransformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#when used as transformer\n",
+      "v1=240.0\n",
+      "v2=120.0\n",
+      "r=12000.0\n",
+      "I1=r/v1 \n",
+      "I2=r/v2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#when connected as autotransformer\n",
+      "V1=240.0\n",
+      "V2=v1+v2 \n",
+      "rr=I2*V2             \n",
+      "print(rr,'rating of autotransformer(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "P_o=r*pf             #output power\n",
+      "n=.962            #efficiency at upf\n",
+      "P_L=P_o*(1-n)/n \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pff=.85            #if pf=.85\n",
+      "Po=rr*pff \n",
+      "nn=1/(1+P_L/Po)         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn*100,'efficiency(%) at .85 pf is') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(36000.0, 'rating of autotransformer(va)')\n",
+        "(98.4745694673036, 'efficiency(%) at .85 pf is')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.18, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate sec. line voltage, line current and output va\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)Y/D conn') \n",
+      "V_LY=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_LY/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "a=12 \n",
+      "V_PD=V_PY/a \n",
+      "V_LD=V_PD     \n",
+      "print(V_LD,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_PY=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_PY*a \n",
+      "I_LD=I_PD*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_LD,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LD*I_LD     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('(b)D/Y conn') \n",
+      "I_LD=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_LD/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_LY=I_PD*a         \n",
+      "print(I_LY,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "V_PD=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_PD/a \n",
+      "V_LY=V_PY*math.sqrt(3.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V_LY,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LY*I_LY     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Y/D conn\n",
+        "(317.5426480542942, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(207.84609690826525, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n",
+        "(b)D/Y conn\n",
+        "(69.2820323027551, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(952.6279441628825, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.19, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# To compute all the currents and voltages in all windings of Y/D transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=complex(500,100)         #load is 500MW and 100MVar\n",
+      "s=abs(S) \n",
+      "r=s/3         #MVA rating of each single ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=22         #D side\n",
+      "V2=345         #Y side\n",
+      "a=V2/(math.sqrt(3)*V1)         #voltage rating of each single phase\n",
+      "print('Y side') \n",
+      "V_A=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "V_B=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-120)),math.sin(math.radians(-120)))\n",
+      "V_C=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-240)),math.sin(math.radians(-240)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V_AB=V_A-V_B     \n",
+      "print(V_AB,'V_AB(V)') \n",
+      "V_BC=V_B-V_C     \n",
+      "print(V_BC,'V_BC(V)') \n",
+      "V_CA=V_C-V_A     \n",
+      "print(V_CA,'V_CA(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "IA=S/(3*V_A)     \n",
+      "print(IA,'IA(A)') \n",
+      "IB=S/(3*V_B)     \n",
+      "print(IB,'IB(A)') \n",
+      "IC=S/(3*V_C)     \n",
+      "print(IC,'IC(A)') \n",
+      "print('D side') \n",
+      "V_ab=V_A/a     \n",
+      "print(V_ab,'V_ab(V)') \n",
+      "V_bc=V_B/a     \n",
+      "print(V_bc,'V_bc(V)') \n",
+      "V_ca=V_C/a     \n",
+      "print(V_ca,'V_ca(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_ab=a*IA \n",
+      "I_bc=a*IB \n",
+      "I_ca=a*IC \n",
+      "Ia=I_ab-I_bc     \n",
+      "print(Ia,'Ia(A)') \n",
+      "Ib=I_bc-I_ca     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ib,'Ib(A)') \n",
+      "Ic=I_ca-I_ab     \n",
+      "print(Ic,'Ic(A)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y side\n",
+        "((298.77876430563134+172.50000000000003j), 'V_AB(V)')\n",
+        "((1.2789769243681803e-13-345j), 'V_BC(V)')\n",
+        "((-298.77876430563146+172.49999999999997j), 'V_CA(V)')\n",
+        "((0.8367395205646748+0.16734790411293496j), 'IA(A)')\n",
+        "((-0.5632972965142212+0.6409637291029529j), 'IB(A)')\n",
+        "((-0.2734422240504539-0.8083116332158876j), 'IC(A)')\n",
+        "D side\n",
+        "((22.000000000000004+0j), 'V_ab(V)')\n",
+        "((-10.999999999999996-19.052558883257653j), 'V_bc(V)')\n",
+        "((-11.00000000000001+19.052558883257646j), 'V_ca(V)')\n",
+        "((12.675796066340055-4.288071240791203j), 'Ia(A)')\n",
+        "((-2.624319405407383+13.121597027036948j), 'Ib(A)')\n",
+        "((-10.051476660932671-8.833525786245746j), 'Ic(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.20, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the load voltage when it draws rated current from transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# here pu method is used\n",
+      "r=20         #kva rating of three 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "MVA_B=r*3/1000.0\n",
+      "v2=2*math.sqrt(3.0)         #in kv voltage base on hv side\n",
+      "v1=.2         #in kv voltage base on lv side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "z1=complex(.0004,.0015)         #feeder impedence\n",
+      "Z1=z1*MVA_B/v1**2         # lv line(pu)\n",
+      "z2=complex(.13,.95)         #load impedence\n",
+      "Z2=z2*MVA_B/v2**2         # hv line(pu)\n",
+      "z_T=complex(.82,1.02) \n",
+      "ZTY=z_T*MVA_B/v2**2         # star side(pu)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ztot=Z1+Z2+ZTY \n",
+      "V1=1         #sending end voltage [pu]\n",
+      "I1=1         #rated current(pu)\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "V2=V1-I1*((Ztot.real)*pf+(Ztot.imag)*.6)         #load voltage(pu)\n",
+      "V2v=V2*v1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V2v,'load voltage(kv)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.197692, 'load voltage(kv)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.21, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate fault currentin feeder lines,primary and secondary lines of receiving end transformers\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=60.0         #kva rating of 3-ph common base\n",
+      "s=200.0         #kva rating of 3ph transformer\n",
+      "#sending end\n",
+      "X_Tse=.06*r/s     #.06= reactance of transformer based on its own rating\n",
+      "#in 2 kv feeder\n",
+      "V_B=2000.0/math.sqrt(3)     #line to neutral\n",
+      "I_B=r*1000.0/(math.sqrt(3)*2000) \n",
+      "Z_B=V_B/I_B \n",
+      "X_feeder=0.7/Z_B         #feeder reactance=0.7\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#receiving end\n",
+      "X_Tre=0.0051 \n",
+      "X_tot=X_Tse+X_feeder+X_Tre \n",
+      "V_se=20/20 \n",
+      "I_fc=V_se/X_tot     #feeder current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_f=I_fc*I_B  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_f,'current in 2kv feeder(A)') \n",
+      "I_t1=I_f/math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_t1,'current in 2kv winding of transformer(A)') \n",
+      "I_t2=I_t1*10     \n",
+      "print(I_t2,'current in 200kv winding of transformer(A)') \n",
+      "I_l=I_t2*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_l,'current at load terminals(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(515.4913117764517, 'current in 2kv feeder(A)')\n",
+        "(297.6190476190477, 'current in 2kv winding of transformer(A)')\n",
+        "(2976.190476190477, 'current in 200kv winding of transformer(A)')\n",
+        "(5154.913117764517, 'current at load terminals(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.22, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# To calculate voltage and kva rating of 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_p=33.0     #primary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "V_s=11.0     #secondary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V_p1=V_p/math.sqrt(3)     #per ph primary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "V_p2=V_s/math.sqrt(3)     #per ph secondary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=6000.0     #kva rating 3-ph\n",
+      "s=r/3.0     #per phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('Y/Y conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p1,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_p2,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('Y/D conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p1,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_s,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('D/Y conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_p2,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('D/D conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_s,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y/Y conn\n",
+        "(19.05255888325765, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6.3508529610858835, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "Y/D conn\n",
+        "(19.05255888325765, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(11.0, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "D/Y conn\n",
+        "(33.0, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6.3508529610858835, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "D/D conn\n",
+        "(33.0, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(11.0, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.23, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate (a)reactance in ohms(b)line voltage,kva rating,series reactance for Y/Y   and Y/D conn\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xpu=0.12     # of 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def Xohm(kv,MVA):\n",
+      "\tX=(Xpu*kv**2)/MVA\n",
+      "\treturn X\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)') \n",
+      "MVAa=75*10**-3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6     \n",
+      "Vlv=.4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAa)      \n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAa)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)') \n",
+      "print('Y/Y') \n",
+      "MVAb=MVAa*3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(Vhv,'V_hv(kV)') \n",
+      "Vlv=.4*math.sqrt(3)      \n",
+      "print(Vlv,'V_lv(kV)') \n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('Y/D') \n",
+      "MVAb=MVAa*3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(Vhv,'V_hv(kV)') \n",
+      "Vlv=.4              \n",
+      "print(Vlv,'V_lv(kV)') \n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAb)     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.25600000000000006, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n",
+        "(b)\n",
+        "Y/Y\n",
+        "(11.431535329954588, 'V_hv(kV)')\n",
+        "(0.6928203230275509, 'V_lv(kV)')\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.256, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n",
+        "Y/D\n",
+        "(11.431535329954588, 'V_hv(kV)')\n",
+        "(0.4, 'V_lv(kV)')\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.08533333333333334, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.24, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find how 2 transformers connected in parallel share the load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z1=complex(.012,.06) \n",
+      "Z2=2*complex(.014,.045) \n",
+      "Z=Z1+Z2 \n",
+      "r=800         #kva rating\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "S_L=r*(complex(pf,-1*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf)))))) \n",
+      "S_1=S_L*Z2/Z \n",
+      "print(S_1,'load by first transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "S_2=S_L*Z1/Z \n",
+      "print(S_2,'load by second transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "S_2rated=300 \n",
+      "S_Lmax=S_2rated*abs(Z)/abs(Z1) \n",
+      "print(S_Lmax,'max load by both transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r1=600         #kva\n",
+      "V=440 \n",
+      "Z1actual=Z1*V/(r1*1000/V) \n",
+      "Z2actual=Z2*V/(r1*1000/V) \n",
+      "Zactual=Z1actual+Z2actual \n",
+      "Z_Lact=V**2/(S_L*1000) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=445 \n",
+      "I1=(V1*Z2actual-10*Z_Lact)/(Z1actual*Z2actual+Z_Lact*Zactual) \n",
+      "I2=(V1*-1*Z1actual-10*Z_Lact)/(Z1actual*Z2actual+Z_Lact*Zactual) \n",
+      "S1=V*I1/1000     \n",
+      "print(S1,'kVA of first transformer') \n",
+      "S2=V*I2/1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(S2,'kVA of second transformer') \n",
+      "Pout=abs(S1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((S1.imag)/(S1.real)))))+abs(S2)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((S2.imag)/(S2.real))))) \n",
+      "print(Pout,'total output power(kW)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "((372.3153526970954-404.18257261410787j), 'load by first transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "((267.6846473029046-235.81742738589213j), 'load by second transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "(761.1352856601269, 'max load by both transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "((328.8923360471516-318.290570499325j), 'kVA of first transformer')\n",
+        "((-271.1465723386868+316.1011277711098j), 'kVA of second transformer')\n",
+        "(600.0389083858385, 'total output power(kW)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.25, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find pu value of the equivalent ckt,steady state short ckt current and voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=5.0         #MVA rating\n",
+      "V_Bp=6.35     #for primary\n",
+      "I_Bp=r*1000/V_Bp \n",
+      "V_Bs=1.91     #for secondary\n",
+      "I_Bs=r*1000/V_Bs \n",
+      "#from resp tests\n",
+      "V1=.0787 \n",
+      "I1=.5 \n",
+      "V2=.1417 \n",
+      "I2=.5 \n",
+      "V3=.1212 \n",
+      "I3=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "X12=V1/I1 \n",
+      "X13=V2/I2 \n",
+      "X23=V3/I3 \n",
+      "X1=I1*(X12+X13-X23) \n",
+      "X2=I2*(X23+X12-X13) \n",
+      "X3=I3*(X13+X23-X12) \n",
+      "print(X1,'X1(pu)') \n",
+      "print(X2,'X2(pu)') \n",
+      "print(X3,'X3(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=1 \n",
+      "I_sc=V1/X13 \n",
+      "I_scp=I_sc*I_Bp     \n",
+      "print(I_scp,'sc current primary side(A)') \n",
+      "I_sct=I_sc*r*1000.0*1000/(400/math.sqrt(3.0))  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_sct,'sc current tertiary side(A)') \n",
+      "V_A=I_sc*X3 \n",
+      "V_Aact=V_A*1.91*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(V_Aact,'V_A(actual) line to line(kV)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.09919999999999998, 'X1(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.05820000000000003, 'X2(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.18420000000000003, 'X3(pu)')\n",
+        "(2778.410637978651, 'sc current primary side(A)')\n",
+        "(76396.03067964349, 'sc current tertiary side(A)')\n",
+        "(2.1502243444618827, 'V_A(actual) line to line(kV)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.26, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate line currents of 3 ph side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N1=6600.0 \n",
+      "N2=100.0 \n",
+      "a=N1/N2 \n",
+      "b=(math.sqrt(3)/2)*a \n",
+      "P=400.0     #kW\n",
+      "pfa=.707 \n",
+      "pfb=1 \n",
+      "V=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P*1000/(V*pfa) \n",
+      "Ib=P*2*1000/(V*pfb) \n",
+      "I_A=Ia/b \n",
+      "print(I_A,'I_A(A)') \n",
+      "I_BC=Ib/a \n",
+      "I_B=I_BC-49.5*complex(pfa,pfa) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(I_B),'I_B(A)') \n",
+      "I_C=I_BC+49.5*complex(pfa,-1*pfa) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_C),'I_C(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(98.98423028410711, 'I_A(A)')\n",
+        "(93.04777457436566, 'I_B(A)')\n",
+        "(160.08088066112694, 'I_C(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.27, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate magnitude and phase of secondary current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "X1=505.0     #uohm\n",
+      "X2=551.0     #uohm\n",
+      "R1=109.0     #uohm\n",
+      "R2=102.0     #uohm\n",
+      "Xm=256.0     #mohm\n",
+      "I1=250.0     #A\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I22=complex(0,Xm*1000)*I1/(complex(R1,X2+Xm*1000)) \n",
+      "N1=250.0\n",
+      "N2=5.0 \n",
+      "I2=I22*(N2/N1) \n",
+      "print(abs(I2),'current magnitude(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((I2.imag)/(I2.real))),'phase(degree)') \n",
+      "print('now Rb is introduced in series') \n",
+      "Rbb=200     #uohm\n",
+      "Rb=(N2/N1)**2*Rbb \n",
+      "I22=complex(0,Xm*1000)*I1/(complex((R1+Rb),X2+Xm*1000)) \n",
+      "I2=I22*(N2/N1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(I2),'current magnitude(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((I2.imag)/(I2.real))),'phase(degree)') \n",
+      "print('no chnage as Rb is negligible') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4.989260944110411, 'current magnitude(A)')\n",
+        "(0.02434307249297878, 'phase(degree)')\n",
+        "now Rb is introduced in series\n",
+        "(4.989260943449164, 'current magnitude(A)')\n",
+        "(0.024360938966050547, 'phase(degree)')\n",
+        "no chnage as Rb is negligible\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate sec voltage magnitude and ph\n",
+      " \n",
+      "a=6000.0/100     #turn ratio\n",
+      "R1=780.0 \n",
+      "R2=907.0 \n",
+      "X1=975.0 \n",
+      "X2=1075.0 \n",
+      "Xm=443.0*1000 \n",
+      "print('sec open') \n",
+      "#Zb=inf \n",
+      "V1=6500.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V22=complex(0,Xm)*V1/complex(R1,Xm) \n",
+      "V2=V22/a \n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when Zb=Rb') \n",
+      "Rb=1 \n",
+      "Rbb=Rb*a**2 \n",
+      "Zm=complex(0,Xm/1000)*Rbb/complex(0,Xm/1000)+Rbb \n",
+      "R=complex(R1/1000,X1/1000)+Zm \n",
+      "Vm=Zm*V1/R \n",
+      "V2=Vm/a \n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when Zb=jXb') \n",
+      "Rb=complex(0,1) \n",
+      "Rbb=Rb*a**2 \n",
+      "Zm=complex(0,Xm/1000)*Rbb/complex(0,Xm/1000)+Rbb \n",
+      "R=complex(R1/1000,X1/1000)+Zm \n",
+      "Vm=Zm*V1/R \n",
+      "V2=Vm/a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sec open\n",
+        "(108.33316540930123, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(0.10088185516424111, 'phase(deg)')\n",
+        "when Zb=Rb\n",
+        "(108.32159750052864, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(-0.007757962982324285, 'phase(deg)')\n",
+        "when Zb=jXb\n",
+        "(108.31866454530893, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(0.006206202333075708, 'phase(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate L1 and L2 and coupling cofficient\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=10.0 \n",
+      "V_p=200.0 \n",
+      "I_p=4.0 \n",
+      "Xm=V_p/I_p \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "L1=Xm/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L1,'L1(H)') \n",
+      "V_s=1950.0 \n",
+      "w_max=V_s/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "M=w_max/(math.sqrt(2)*I_p) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "v_s=2000 \n",
+      "i_s=.41 \n",
+      "w_max=math.sqrt(2)*i_s*M \n",
+      "E1=math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f*w_max \n",
+      "L2=v_s/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f*math.sqrt(2)*i_s) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(L2,'L2(H)') \n",
+      "k=M/(math.sqrt(L1)*math.sqrt(L2)) \n",
+      "print(k,'coupling coeff') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.15915494309189535, 'L1(H)')\n",
+        "(15.527311521160522, 'L2(H)')\n",
+        "(0.9871122656516838, 'coupling coeff')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.30, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate leakage inductance, magnetisisng inductance,mutual inductance and self-inductance\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V1=2400.0\n",
+      "V2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=V1/V2 \n",
+      "R1=.2 \n",
+      "X1=.45 \n",
+      "Rl=10000.0 \n",
+      "R2=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "X2=4.5*10**-3 \n",
+      "Xm=1600.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "l1=X1/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(l1,'leakage inductance ie l1(H)') \n",
+      "l2=X2/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(l2,'l2(H)') \n",
+      "Lm1=Xm/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(Lm1,'magnetising inductance(H)') \n",
+      "L1=Lm1+l1 \n",
+      "print(L1,'self-inductance ie L1(H)') \n",
+      "M=Lm1/a \n",
+      "L2=l2+M/a \n",
+      "print(L2,'L2(H)') \n",
+      "k=M/math.sqrt(L1*L2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(k,'coupling factor') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.001432394487827058, 'leakage inductance ie l1(H)')\n",
+        "(1.4323944878270581e-05, 'l2(H)')\n",
+        "(5.092958178940651, 'magnetising inductance(H)')\n",
+        "(5.094390573428478, 'self-inductance ie L1(H)')\n",
+        "(0.050943905734284776, 'L2(H)')\n",
+        "(0.9997188290793214, 'coupling factor')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.31, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate %voltage reg and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=500000.0 \n",
+      "V1=2200.0 \n",
+      "V2=1100.0 \n",
+      "V0=110.0 \n",
+      "I0=10.0 \n",
+      "P0=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y0=I0/V0 \n",
+      "Gi=P0/(V0**2) \n",
+      "Bm=math.sqrt(Y0**2-Gi**2) \n",
+      "Vsc=90 \n",
+      "Isc=20.5 \n",
+      "Psc=808 \n",
+      "Z=Vsc/Isc \n",
+      "R=Psc/Isc**2 \n",
+      "X=math.sqrt(Z**2-R**2) \n",
+      "TR=V1/V2 \n",
+      "Gi_HV=Gi/TR**2 \n",
+      "Bm_HV=Bm/TR**2 \n",
+      "R_LV=R/TR**2 \n",
+      "X_LV=X/TR**2 \n",
+      "I2=P/V2 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Th=math.acos(pf) \n",
+      "dV=I2*(R_LV*math.cos(Th)+X_LV*math.sin(Th)) \n",
+      "VR=(dV/V2)*100     \n",
+      "print(VR,'voltage regulation(%)') \n",
+      "Pi=P0 \n",
+      "Pc=Psc \n",
+      "n=P*100/(P+Pi+Pc) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'eff(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(40.35372116523329, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(99.75898229876618, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03_1.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4ebdb951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1892 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 03 : Transformers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine no load power factor,core loss current and magnetising current\n",
+      "#  and no load ckt parameters of transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pi=50.0\n",
+      "V1=230.0\n",
+      "Io=2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "pf=Pi/(V1*Io)\n",
+      "print(\"No load power factor %.2f v \" %pf)\n",
+      "Im=Io*math.sin(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))))\n",
+      "print(\"Magnetising current(A) %.2f v \" %Im)\n",
+      "Ii=Io*pf\n",
+      "print(\"core loss current(A) %.2f v \" %Ii)\n",
+      "Gi=Pi/V1**2\n",
+      "print(\"Gi(mho) %.2f v \" %Gi)\n",
+      "Bm=Im/V1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"Bm(mho) %.2f v \" %Bm)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "No load power factor 0.00 v \n",
+        "Magnetising current(A) 2.00 v \n",
+        "core loss current(A) 0.00 v \n",
+        "Gi(mho) 0.00 v \n",
+        "Bm(mho) 0.01 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate no load current and its pf and no load power drawn from mains\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E=200 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "N1=150         # no of turns\n",
+      "b1=.1 \n",
+      "b2=.05 \n",
+      "phi_max=E/(4.44*f*N1) \n",
+      "print(\"flux(Wb)%.2f v \" %phi_max)\n",
+      "B_max=phi_max/(b1*b2) \n",
+      "print(\"B_max(T) = %.2f v \" %B_max)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "H_max=250         #According to B_max, H_max is 250AT/m\n",
+      "l_c=.2*(3.0+3.5)     #length of core\n",
+      "AT_max=H_max*l_c \n",
+      "print(\"AT_max = %.2f v \" %AT_max)\n",
+      "T_max=N1 \n",
+      "I_mmax=AT_max/T_max \n",
+      "I_mrms=I_mmax/2**.5 \n",
+      "print(\"I_mrms(A) = %.2f v \" %I_mrms)\n",
+      "v=2*(20*10*5)+2*(45*10*5) \n",
+      "d=.0079             #density of core material\n",
+      "w=v*d \n",
+      "cl=3                 #core loss/kg\n",
+      "closs=w*cl \n",
+      "print(\"core loss(W) = %.2f v \" %closs)\n",
+      "I_i=closs/E \n",
+      "print(\"I_i(A) = %.2f v \" %I_i)\n",
+      "def rect2polar(x,y):\n",
+      "    r=math.sqrt(x**2+y**2)\n",
+      "    return r\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def rect2polar2(x,y):\n",
+      "    pff=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(y/x))))\n",
+      "    return pff\t\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_o=rect2polar(I_i,-I_mmax) \n",
+      "pf=rect2polar(I_i,-I_mmax) \n",
+      "print(\"no load current(A) = %.2f v \" %I_o)\n",
+      "print(\"no load power factor = %.2f v \" %pf)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "flux(Wb)0.01 v \n",
+        "B_max(T) = 1.20 v \n",
+        "AT_max = 325.00 v \n",
+        "I_mrms(A) = 1.53 v \n",
+        "core loss(W) = 154.05 v \n",
+        "I_i(A) = 0.77 v \n",
+        "no load current(A) = 2.30 v \n",
+        "no load power factor = 2.30 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate primary and scondary side impedences,current and their pf and real power\n",
+      "# and calculate terminal voltage\n",
+      "N_1=150.0 \n",
+      "N_2=75.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=N_1/N_2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_2=[5,30]                 #polar(magnitude,phase diff)\n",
+      "I_2=[0,0]\n",
+      "I_1=[0,0]\n",
+      "print(Z_2,'secondary impedence(ohm)') \n",
+      "Z_1=[a**2*Z_2[0],Z_2[1]] \n",
+      "print(Z_1,'primary impedence(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_1=[200,0]                 #polar(magnitde,phase diff)\n",
+      "V_2=[V_1[0]/a,V_1[1]] \n",
+      "print(V_2,'secondary terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_2[0]=V_2[0]/Z_2[0] \n",
+      "I_2[1]=V_2[1]-Z_2[1] \n",
+      "print(I_2,'I_2=') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_2[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf lagging=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_1[0]=I_2[0]/a \n",
+      "I_1[1]=I_2[1] \n",
+      "print(I_1,'I_1(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_1[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf lagging=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_2=V_2[0]*I_2[0]*math.cos(math.radians(I_2[1]))  \n",
+      "print(P_2,'secondary power output(W)=') \n",
+      "#P_1=primary power output\n",
+      "P_1=P_2                            #as the transormer is lossless\n",
+      "print(P_1,'primary power output(W)=') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([5, 30], 'secondary impedence(ohm)')\n",
+        "([20, 30], 'primary impedence(ohm)')\n",
+        "([100, 0], 'secondary terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "([20, -30], 'I_2=')\n",
+        "(0.8660254037844387, 'pf lagging=')\n",
+        "([10, -30], 'I_1(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8660254037844387, 'pf lagging=')\n",
+        "(1732.0508075688774, 'secondary power output(W)=')\n",
+        "(1732.0508075688774, 'primary power output(W)=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# To calculate primary current and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def polar2rect(r,theta):\n",
+      "\tx=r*math.cos(math.radians(theta))\n",
+      "\treturn x\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def polar2rect2(r,theta):\n",
+      "\ty=r*math.sin(math.radians(theta))\n",
+      "\treturn y\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def rect2polar(x,y):\n",
+      "\tr=math.sqrt(x**2+y**2) \n",
+      "\treturn r\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def rect2polar2(x,y):\n",
+      "\ttheta=math.degrees(math.atan(y/x))\n",
+      "\treturn theta\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_2=[10,-30] \n",
+      "I_2r=[0,0] \n",
+      "I_2r[0]=polar2rect(I_2[0],I_2[1]) \n",
+      "I_2r[1]=polar2rect2(I_2[0],I_2[1]) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_0=[1.62,-71.5] \n",
+      "I_0r=[0,0] \n",
+      "I_0r[0]=polar2rect(I_0[0],I_0[1]) \n",
+      "I_0r[1]=polar2rect2(I_0[0],I_0[1]) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_1r=I_0r+I_2r \n",
+      "I_1[0]=rect2polar(I_1r[0],I_1r[1]) \n",
+      "I_1[1]=rect2polar2(I_1r[0],I_1r[1]) \n",
+      "print(I_1[0],'primary current(A)=') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_1[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor=') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.62, 'primary current(A)=')\n",
+        "(0.3173046564050921, 'power factor=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.5, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Equivalent circuit referred to(i)HV side (ii)LV side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N_1=2000 \n",
+      "N_2=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=N_1/N_2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_2=p=complex(0.004,0.005)  #low voltage impedence\n",
+      "Z_2hv=a**2*Z_2 \n",
+      "print(Z_2hv,'Z_2 referred to hv side(ohm)')                         #when referred to hv side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Y_0=complex(0.002,-0.015)             #shunt branch admittance\n",
+      "Y_0hv=Y_0/a**2 \n",
+      "print(Y_0hv,'Y_0 referred to hv side(mho)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_1=complex(0.42,-0.52)                    #low voltage impedence\n",
+      "Z_1lv=Z_1/a**2 \n",
+      "print(Z_1lv,'Z_1 referred to lv side(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "((0.4+0.5j), 'Z_2 referred to hv side(ohm)')\n",
+        "((2e-05-0.00015j), 'Y_0 referred to hv side(mho)')\n",
+        "((0.0042-0.0052j), 'Z_1 referred to lv side(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# To find the voltage at the load end of the transformer when load is drawing transformer current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I=20/2                     #rated load current(hv side)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z1=[.25,1.4]                     #impedence of feeder    (REAL,IMAGINERY)\n",
+      "Z2=[.82,1.02]                    #impedence of transformer    (REAL,IMAGINERY)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=Z1+Z2 \n",
+      "print(Z,'Z(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "#from phasor diagram\n",
+      "   \n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R=Z[0]\n",
+      "X=Z[0]\n",
+      "AF=I*X*math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "FE=I*R*math.sin(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "AE=AF-FE \n",
+      "OA=2000 \n",
+      "OE=math.sqrt(OA**2-AE**2)                                                         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "BD=I*R*math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "DE=I*X*math.sin(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "BE=BD+DE \n",
+      "V1=OE    \n",
+      "print(V1,'V1(V)')  \n",
+      "V2=V1-BE     \n",
+      "print(V2,'V2(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "loadvol=V2/10                         #referred to LV side\n",
+      "print(loadvol,'load voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([0.25, 1.4, 0.82, 1.02], 'Z(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1999.999937499999, 'V1(V)')\n",
+        "(1996.499937499999, 'V2(V)')\n",
+        "(199.6499937499999, 'load voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.7, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# Approx equivalent ckt referred to hv and lv sides resp,\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#open ckt test data with HV side open\n",
+      "ocv=200.0 \n",
+      "oci=4.0 \n",
+      "ocp=120.0 \n",
+      "#short ckt test data with LV side open\n",
+      "scv=60.0 \n",
+      "sci=10.0 \n",
+      "scp=300.0 \n",
+      "#OC test(LV side)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_o=oci/ocv     \n",
+      "print(\"Y_o %.4f v \" %Y_o)\n",
+      "G_i=ocp/ocv**2   \n",
+      "print(\"G_i %.4f v \" %G_i)\n",
+      "B_m=math.sqrt(Y_o**2-G_i**2) \n",
+      "print(\"B_m %.4f v \" %B_m)   \n",
+      "#SC test(HV side)\n",
+      "Z=scv/sci      \n",
+      "print(\"Z(ohm) %.4f v \" %Z) \n",
+      "R=scp/sci**2   \n",
+      "print(\"R(ohm) %.4f v \" %R)   \n",
+      "X=math.sqrt(Z**2-R**2) \n",
+      "print(\"X(ohm) %.4f v \" %X)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N_H=2000 \n",
+      "N_L=200 \n",
+      "a=N_H/N_L                             #transformation ratio\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Equivalent ckt referred to HV side\n",
+      "G_iHV=G_i/a**2        \n",
+      "print(\"G_i(HV)mho %.4f v \" %G_iHV) \n",
+      "B_mHV=B_m/a**2    \n",
+      "print(\"B_m(HV)mho %.4f v \" %B_mHV) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Equivalent ckt referred to LV side\n",
+      "RLV=R/a**2       \n",
+      "print(\"R(LV)ohm %.4f v \" %RLV) \n",
+      "XLV=X/a**2         \n",
+      "print(\"X(LV)ohm %.4f v \" %XLV) "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y_o 0.0200 v \n",
+        "G_i 0.0030 v \n",
+        "B_m 0.0198 v \n",
+        "Z(ohm) 6.0000 v \n",
+        "R(ohm) 3.0000 v \n",
+        "X(ohm) 5.1962 v \n",
+        "G_i(HV)mho 0.0000 v \n",
+        "B_m(HV)mho 0.0002 v \n",
+        "R(LV)ohm 0.0300 v \n",
+        "X(LV)ohm 0.0520 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.8 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate (a)open ckt current,power and pf when LV excited at rated voltage\n",
+      "# (b) voltage at which HV side is excited, ip power and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=150000                                     #rating(VA)\n",
+      "V1=2400.0 \n",
+      "V2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=V1/V2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_1=.2 \n",
+      "X_1=.45 \n",
+      "R_i=10000 \n",
+      "R_2=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "X_2=4.5*10**-3 \n",
+      "X_m=1600 \n",
+      "#Referring the shunt parameters to LV side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R_iLV=R_i/a**2 \n",
+      "X_mLV=X_m/a**2 \n",
+      "I_oLV=[V2/100.0,V2/16.0] \n",
+      "I_o=math.sqrt(I_oLV[0]**2+I_oLV[1]**2)     \n",
+      "print(I_o,'I_o(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(I_oLV[1]/I_oLV[0]))))\n",
+      "print(\"pf = %.2f v \" %pf) \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(15.190786681406594, 'I_o(A)')\n",
+        "pf = 0.16 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.10 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#To find exciting current and expess impedence in pu in both HV and LV sides\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_BHV=2000.0 \n",
+      "I_BHV=10.0 \n",
+      "Z_BHV=V_BHV/I_BHV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_BLV=200.0 \n",
+      "I_BLV=100.0 \n",
+      "Z_BLV=V_BLV/I_BLV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_o=3.0 \n",
+      "a=V_BHV/V_BLV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_oLV=I_o/100     \n",
+      "print(I_oLV,'I_o(LV)pu=') \n",
+      "I_oHV=I_o/(a*10)     \n",
+      "print(I_oHV,'I_o(HV)pu=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=complex(8.2,10.2) \n",
+      "ZHV=Z/Z_BHV     \n",
+      "print(ZHV,'Z(HV)pu=') \n",
+      "z=Z/a**2     \n",
+      "ZLV=z/Z_BLV     \n",
+      "print(ZLV,'Z(LV)pu=') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.03, 'I_o(LV)pu=')\n",
+        "(0.03, 'I_o(HV)pu=')\n",
+        "((0.040999999999999995+0.051j), 'Z(HV)pu=')\n",
+        "((0.040999999999999995+0.051j), 'Z(LV)pu=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.11 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_2=200 \n",
+      "I_2=100 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "P_o=V_2*I_2*pf             #power output\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_i=120.0 \n",
+      "P_c=300.0 \n",
+      "k=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "P_L=P_i+k**2*P_c             #total losses\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1-(P_L/(P_o+P_L))        \n",
+      "print(\"n percent = %.2f v \" %(n*100))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "K=math.sqrt(P_i/P_c)             #max efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n_max=1-(2*P_i/(P_o*K+2*P_i))         #pf=.8\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"n_max percent = %.2f v \" %(n_max*100))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n percent = 97.44 v \n",
+        "n_max percent = 97.68 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.13, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# Comparing all-day efficiencies for diff given load cycles\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=15.0              # kva rating\n",
+      "n_max=.98 \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "P_o=20.0 \n",
+      "P_i=r*(1-n_max)/2  \n",
+      "k=r*pf/P_o \n",
+      "P_c=P_i/(k**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def power(P_o,h):\n",
+      "    k=P_o/20\n",
+      "    P_c=P_i*P_o/r\n",
+      "    W_o=P_o*h\n",
+      "    W_in=(P_o+P_i+(k**2)*P_c)*h\n",
+      "    return W_o,W_in\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(a)full load of 20kva 12hrs/day and no load rest of the day\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=[20,12] \n",
+      "W_oa=[0,0]\n",
+      "W_ina=[0,0]\n",
+      "[W_oa[0],W_ina[0]]=power(a[0],a[1]) \n",
+      "aa=[0,12] \n",
+      "[W_oa[1],W_ina[1]]=power(aa[0],aa[1]) \n",
+      "print(W_oa,'W_o(kWh) for a') \n",
+      "print(W_ina,'W_in(kWh) for a') \n",
+      "n_ada=sum(W_oa)/sum(W_ina)     \n",
+      "print(n_ada*100,'n_allday(a) in %age') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(b)full load of 20kva 4hrs/day and .4 of full load rest of the day\n",
+      "b=[20,4] \n",
+      "W_ob=[0,0]\n",
+      "W_inb=[0,0]\n",
+      "[W_ob[0],W_inb[0]]=power(b[0],b[1]) \n",
+      "bb=[8,20] \n",
+      "[W_ob[1],W_inb[1]]=power(bb[0],bb[1]) \n",
+      "print(W_ob,'W_o(kWh) for b') \n",
+      "print(W_inb,'W_in(kWh) for b') \n",
+      "n_adb=sum(W_ob)/sum(W_inb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_adb*100,'n_allday(b) in %age')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([240, 0], 'W_o(kWh) for a')\n",
+        "([244.2, 1.8000000000000016], 'W_in(kWh) for a')\n",
+        "(97.5609756097561, 'n_allday(a) in %age')\n",
+        "([80, 160], 'W_o(kWh) for b')\n",
+        "([81.39999999999999, 163.0], 'W_in(kWh) for b')\n",
+        "(98.19967266775778, 'n_allday(b) in %age')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.14, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# To calculate volatage regulation, volatage at load terminals and operating efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=20*1000 \n",
+      "V1=200 \n",
+      "V2=2000 \n",
+      "I1=S/V1 \n",
+      "I2=S/V2 \n",
+      "Rh=3 \n",
+      "Xh=5.2 \n",
+      "pf=0.8             \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vha=V2+I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi)))         #lagging\n",
+      "Vrega=(Vha-V2)*100/V2      \n",
+      "print(Vrega,'vol-reg lagging(%)') \n",
+      "Vhb=V2+I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))-Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi)))         #leading\n",
+      "Vregb=(Vhb-V2)*100/V2      \n",
+      "print(Vregb,'vol-reg leading(%)') \n",
+      "V11=V2-I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "v1=V11/I2         \n",
+      "print(v1,'V_L(V)') \n",
+      "ploss=120+10*10*3 \n",
+      "pop=v1*I1*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "eff=(1-(ploss/(ploss+pop)))*100.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff,'eff(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2.759999999999991, 'vol-reg lagging(%)')\n",
+        "(-0.36000000000000226, 'vol-reg leading(%)')\n",
+        "(194.48, 'V_L(V)')\n",
+        "(97.37145145947028, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine voltage regulation and efficiency\n",
+      "r=150*1000.0                     #rating in va\n",
+      "v1=2400.0 \n",
+      "v2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=v2/v1 \n",
+      "R_hv=.2+.002/a**2 \n",
+      "X_hv=.45+.0045/a**2 \n",
+      "I_2fl=r/v2 \n",
+      "pf=0.8        #lagging\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "I_2=I_2fl*a \n",
+      "vd=I_2*(R_hv*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+X_hv*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "V2=v1 \n",
+      "vr=(vd/V2)*100         \n",
+      "print(vr,'vol reg(%)') \n",
+      "V1=v1+vd \n",
+      "P_out=r*pf \n",
+      "P_c=(I_2**2)*R_hv         #copper loss\n",
+      "P_i=(V1**2)/10000 \n",
+      "P_L=P_c+P_i \n",
+      "n=P_out/(P_out+P_L)         \n",
+      "print(n*100,'eff(%)') \n",
+      "I_o=[0,0]\n",
+      "I2=[0,0]\n",
+      "I_o[0]=V1/(10*1000) \n",
+      "I_o[1]=-V1/(1.6*1000)        #inductive effect\n",
+      "I2[0]=I_2*(math.cos(math.radians(phi)))     \n",
+      "I2[1]=I_2*(-math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "I_1=I_o+I2      \n",
+      "b=math.sqrt(I_1[0]**2+I_1[1]**2) \n",
+      "print(b,'I_1(A)') \n",
+      "pff=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(I_1[1]/I_1[0]))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pff,'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2.239583333333333, 'vol reg(%)')\n",
+        "(98.22813719947018, 'eff(%)')\n",
+        "(1.5530997008125598, 'I_1(A)')\n",
+        "(0.15799050110667276, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.16, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate voltage ratings,kva ratings and efficieny of autotransformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "AB=200.0\n",
+      "BC=2000.0\n",
+      "V_1=BC         \n",
+      "print(V_1,'V_1(V)') \n",
+      "V_2=AB+BC      \n",
+      "print(V_2,'V_2(V)') \n",
+      "r=20000             #rating of transformer\n",
+      "I_2=r/AB \n",
+      "I_1=I_2+10 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "rr=V_2*I_2/1000         #kva rating of autotransformer\n",
+      "print(rr,'kva rating') \n",
+      "ri=V_1*(I_1-I_2)/1000     #kva inductive\n",
+      "rc=rr-ri \n",
+      "print(ri,'kva transferred inductively') \n",
+      "print(rc,'kva transferred conductively') \n",
+      "W_c=120             #core loss\n",
+      "W_cu=300             #cu loss\n",
+      "W_t=W_c+W_cu         #total loss\n",
+      "pf=0.8 \n",
+      "W=V_2*I_2*pf         #full load output\n",
+      "n=1-(W_t/W) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n*100,'eff(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2000.0, 'V_1(V)')\n",
+        "(2200.0, 'V_2(V)')\n",
+        "(220.0, 'kva rating')\n",
+        "(20.0, 'kva transferred inductively')\n",
+        "(200.0, 'kva transferred conductively')\n",
+        "(99.76136363636363, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.17, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine the rating and full load efficiency of autotransformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#when used as transformer\n",
+      "v1=240.0\n",
+      "v2=120.0\n",
+      "r=12000.0\n",
+      "I1=r/v1 \n",
+      "I2=r/v2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#when connected as autotransformer\n",
+      "V1=240.0\n",
+      "V2=v1+v2 \n",
+      "rr=I2*V2             \n",
+      "print(rr,'rating of autotransformer(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "P_o=r*pf             #output power\n",
+      "n=.962            #efficiency at upf\n",
+      "P_L=P_o*(1-n)/n \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pff=.85            #if pf=.85\n",
+      "Po=rr*pff \n",
+      "nn=1/(1+P_L/Po)         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn*100,'efficiency(%) at .85 pf is') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(36000.0, 'rating of autotransformer(va)')\n",
+        "(98.4745694673036, 'efficiency(%) at .85 pf is')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.18, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate sec. line voltage, line current and output va\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)Y/D conn') \n",
+      "V_LY=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_LY/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "a=12 \n",
+      "V_PD=V_PY/a \n",
+      "V_LD=V_PD     \n",
+      "print(V_LD,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_PY=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_PY*a \n",
+      "I_LD=I_PD*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_LD,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LD*I_LD     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('(b)D/Y conn') \n",
+      "I_LD=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_LD/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_LY=I_PD*a         \n",
+      "print(I_LY,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "V_PD=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_PD/a \n",
+      "V_LY=V_PY*math.sqrt(3.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V_LY,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LY*I_LY     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Y/D conn\n",
+        "(317.5426480542942, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(207.84609690826525, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n",
+        "(b)D/Y conn\n",
+        "(69.2820323027551, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(952.6279441628825, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.19, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# To compute all the currents and voltages in all windings of Y/D transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=complex(500,100)         #load is 500MW and 100MVar\n",
+      "s=abs(S) \n",
+      "r=s/3         #MVA rating of each single ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=22         #D side\n",
+      "V2=345         #Y side\n",
+      "a=V2/(math.sqrt(3)*V1)         #voltage rating of each single phase\n",
+      "print('Y side') \n",
+      "V_A=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "V_B=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-120)),math.sin(math.radians(-120)))\n",
+      "V_C=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-240)),math.sin(math.radians(-240)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V_AB=V_A-V_B     \n",
+      "print(V_AB,'V_AB(V)') \n",
+      "V_BC=V_B-V_C     \n",
+      "print(V_BC,'V_BC(V)') \n",
+      "V_CA=V_C-V_A     \n",
+      "print(V_CA,'V_CA(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "IA=S/(3*V_A)     \n",
+      "print(IA,'IA(A)') \n",
+      "IB=S/(3*V_B)     \n",
+      "print(IB,'IB(A)') \n",
+      "IC=S/(3*V_C)     \n",
+      "print(IC,'IC(A)') \n",
+      "print('D side') \n",
+      "V_ab=V_A/a     \n",
+      "print(V_ab,'V_ab(V)') \n",
+      "V_bc=V_B/a     \n",
+      "print(V_bc,'V_bc(V)') \n",
+      "V_ca=V_C/a     \n",
+      "print(V_ca,'V_ca(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_ab=a*IA \n",
+      "I_bc=a*IB \n",
+      "I_ca=a*IC \n",
+      "Ia=I_ab-I_bc     \n",
+      "print(Ia,'Ia(A)') \n",
+      "Ib=I_bc-I_ca     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ib,'Ib(A)') \n",
+      "Ic=I_ca-I_ab     \n",
+      "print(Ic,'Ic(A)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y side\n",
+        "((298.77876430563134+172.50000000000003j), 'V_AB(V)')\n",
+        "((1.2789769243681803e-13-345j), 'V_BC(V)')\n",
+        "((-298.77876430563146+172.49999999999997j), 'V_CA(V)')\n",
+        "((0.8367395205646748+0.16734790411293496j), 'IA(A)')\n",
+        "((-0.5632972965142212+0.6409637291029529j), 'IB(A)')\n",
+        "((-0.2734422240504539-0.8083116332158876j), 'IC(A)')\n",
+        "D side\n",
+        "((22.000000000000004+0j), 'V_ab(V)')\n",
+        "((-10.999999999999996-19.052558883257653j), 'V_bc(V)')\n",
+        "((-11.00000000000001+19.052558883257646j), 'V_ca(V)')\n",
+        "((12.675796066340055-4.288071240791203j), 'Ia(A)')\n",
+        "((-2.624319405407383+13.121597027036948j), 'Ib(A)')\n",
+        "((-10.051476660932671-8.833525786245746j), 'Ic(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.20, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the load voltage when it draws rated current from transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# here pu method is used\n",
+      "r=20         #kva rating of three 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "MVA_B=r*3/1000.0\n",
+      "v2=2*math.sqrt(3.0)         #in kv voltage base on hv side\n",
+      "v1=.2         #in kv voltage base on lv side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "z1=complex(.0004,.0015)         #feeder impedence\n",
+      "Z1=z1*MVA_B/v1**2         # lv line(pu)\n",
+      "z2=complex(.13,.95)         #load impedence\n",
+      "Z2=z2*MVA_B/v2**2         # hv line(pu)\n",
+      "z_T=complex(.82,1.02) \n",
+      "ZTY=z_T*MVA_B/v2**2         # star side(pu)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ztot=Z1+Z2+ZTY \n",
+      "V1=1         #sending end voltage [pu]\n",
+      "I1=1         #rated current(pu)\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "V2=V1-I1*((Ztot.real)*pf+(Ztot.imag)*.6)         #load voltage(pu)\n",
+      "V2v=V2*v1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V2v,'load voltage(kv)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.197692, 'load voltage(kv)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.21, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate fault currentin feeder lines,primary and secondary lines of receiving end transformers\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=60.0         #kva rating of 3-ph common base\n",
+      "s=200.0         #kva rating of 3ph transformer\n",
+      "#sending end\n",
+      "X_Tse=.06*r/s     #.06= reactance of transformer based on its own rating\n",
+      "#in 2 kv feeder\n",
+      "V_B=2000.0/math.sqrt(3)     #line to neutral\n",
+      "I_B=r*1000.0/(math.sqrt(3)*2000) \n",
+      "Z_B=V_B/I_B \n",
+      "X_feeder=0.7/Z_B         #feeder reactance=0.7\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#receiving end\n",
+      "X_Tre=0.0051 \n",
+      "X_tot=X_Tse+X_feeder+X_Tre \n",
+      "V_se=20/20 \n",
+      "I_fc=V_se/X_tot     #feeder current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_f=I_fc*I_B  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_f,'current in 2kv feeder(A)') \n",
+      "I_t1=I_f/math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_t1,'current in 2kv winding of transformer(A)') \n",
+      "I_t2=I_t1*10     \n",
+      "print(I_t2,'current in 200kv winding of transformer(A)') \n",
+      "I_l=I_t2*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_l,'current at load terminals(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(515.4913117764517, 'current in 2kv feeder(A)')\n",
+        "(297.6190476190477, 'current in 2kv winding of transformer(A)')\n",
+        "(2976.190476190477, 'current in 200kv winding of transformer(A)')\n",
+        "(5154.913117764517, 'current at load terminals(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.22, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# To calculate voltage and kva rating of 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_p=33.0     #primary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "V_s=11.0     #secondary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V_p1=V_p/math.sqrt(3)     #per ph primary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "V_p2=V_s/math.sqrt(3)     #per ph secondary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=6000.0     #kva rating 3-ph\n",
+      "s=r/3.0     #per phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('Y/Y conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p1,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_p2,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('Y/D conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p1,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_s,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('D/Y conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_p2,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('D/D conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_s,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y/Y conn\n",
+        "(19.05255888325765, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6.3508529610858835, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "Y/D conn\n",
+        "(19.05255888325765, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(11.0, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "D/Y conn\n",
+        "(33.0, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6.3508529610858835, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "D/D conn\n",
+        "(33.0, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(11.0, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.23, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate (a)reactance in ohms(b)line voltage,kva rating,series reactance for Y/Y   and Y/D conn\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xpu=0.12     # of 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def Xohm(kv,MVA):\n",
+      "\tX=(Xpu*kv**2)/MVA\n",
+      "\treturn X\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)') \n",
+      "MVAa=75*10**-3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6     \n",
+      "Vlv=.4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAa)      \n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAa)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)') \n",
+      "print('Y/Y') \n",
+      "MVAb=MVAa*3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(Vhv,'V_hv(kV)') \n",
+      "Vlv=.4*math.sqrt(3)      \n",
+      "print(Vlv,'V_lv(kV)') \n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('Y/D') \n",
+      "MVAb=MVAa*3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(Vhv,'V_hv(kV)') \n",
+      "Vlv=.4              \n",
+      "print(Vlv,'V_lv(kV)') \n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAb)     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.25600000000000006, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n",
+        "(b)\n",
+        "Y/Y\n",
+        "(11.431535329954588, 'V_hv(kV)')\n",
+        "(0.6928203230275509, 'V_lv(kV)')\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.256, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n",
+        "Y/D\n",
+        "(11.431535329954588, 'V_hv(kV)')\n",
+        "(0.4, 'V_lv(kV)')\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.08533333333333334, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.24, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find how 2 transformers connected in parallel share the load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z1=complex(.012,.06) \n",
+      "Z2=2*complex(.014,.045) \n",
+      "Z=Z1+Z2 \n",
+      "r=800         #kva rating\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "S_L=r*(complex(pf,-1*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf)))))) \n",
+      "S_1=S_L*Z2/Z \n",
+      "print(S_1,'load by first transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "S_2=S_L*Z1/Z \n",
+      "print(S_2,'load by second transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "S_2rated=300 \n",
+      "S_Lmax=S_2rated*abs(Z)/abs(Z1) \n",
+      "print(S_Lmax,'max load by both transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r1=600         #kva\n",
+      "V=440 \n",
+      "Z1actual=Z1*V/(r1*1000/V) \n",
+      "Z2actual=Z2*V/(r1*1000/V) \n",
+      "Zactual=Z1actual+Z2actual \n",
+      "Z_Lact=V**2/(S_L*1000) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=445 \n",
+      "I1=(V1*Z2actual-10*Z_Lact)/(Z1actual*Z2actual+Z_Lact*Zactual) \n",
+      "I2=(V1*-1*Z1actual-10*Z_Lact)/(Z1actual*Z2actual+Z_Lact*Zactual) \n",
+      "S1=V*I1/1000     \n",
+      "print(S1,'kVA of first transformer') \n",
+      "S2=V*I2/1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(S2,'kVA of second transformer') \n",
+      "Pout=abs(S1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((S1.imag)/(S1.real)))))+abs(S2)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((S2.imag)/(S2.real))))) \n",
+      "print(Pout,'total output power(kW)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "((372.3153526970954-404.18257261410787j), 'load by first transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "((267.6846473029046-235.81742738589213j), 'load by second transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "(761.1352856601269, 'max load by both transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "((328.8923360471516-318.290570499325j), 'kVA of first transformer')\n",
+        "((-271.1465723386868+316.1011277711098j), 'kVA of second transformer')\n",
+        "(600.0389083858385, 'total output power(kW)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.25, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find pu value of the equivalent ckt,steady state short ckt current and voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=5.0         #MVA rating\n",
+      "V_Bp=6.35     #for primary\n",
+      "I_Bp=r*1000/V_Bp \n",
+      "V_Bs=1.91     #for secondary\n",
+      "I_Bs=r*1000/V_Bs \n",
+      "#from resp tests\n",
+      "V1=.0787 \n",
+      "I1=.5 \n",
+      "V2=.1417 \n",
+      "I2=.5 \n",
+      "V3=.1212 \n",
+      "I3=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "X12=V1/I1 \n",
+      "X13=V2/I2 \n",
+      "X23=V3/I3 \n",
+      "X1=I1*(X12+X13-X23) \n",
+      "X2=I2*(X23+X12-X13) \n",
+      "X3=I3*(X13+X23-X12) \n",
+      "print(X1,'X1(pu)') \n",
+      "print(X2,'X2(pu)') \n",
+      "print(X3,'X3(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=1 \n",
+      "I_sc=V1/X13 \n",
+      "I_scp=I_sc*I_Bp     \n",
+      "print(I_scp,'sc current primary side(A)') \n",
+      "I_sct=I_sc*r*1000.0*1000/(400/math.sqrt(3.0))  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_sct,'sc current tertiary side(A)') \n",
+      "V_A=I_sc*X3 \n",
+      "V_Aact=V_A*1.91*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(V_Aact,'V_A(actual) line to line(kV)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.09919999999999998, 'X1(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.05820000000000003, 'X2(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.18420000000000003, 'X3(pu)')\n",
+        "(2778.410637978651, 'sc current primary side(A)')\n",
+        "(76396.03067964349, 'sc current tertiary side(A)')\n",
+        "(2.1502243444618827, 'V_A(actual) line to line(kV)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.26, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate line currents of 3 ph side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N1=6600.0 \n",
+      "N2=100.0 \n",
+      "a=N1/N2 \n",
+      "b=(math.sqrt(3)/2)*a \n",
+      "P=400.0     #kW\n",
+      "pfa=.707 \n",
+      "pfb=1 \n",
+      "V=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P*1000/(V*pfa) \n",
+      "Ib=P*2*1000/(V*pfb) \n",
+      "I_A=Ia/b \n",
+      "print(I_A,'I_A(A)') \n",
+      "I_BC=Ib/a \n",
+      "I_B=I_BC-49.5*complex(pfa,pfa) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(I_B),'I_B(A)') \n",
+      "I_C=I_BC+49.5*complex(pfa,-1*pfa) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_C),'I_C(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(98.98423028410711, 'I_A(A)')\n",
+        "(93.04777457436566, 'I_B(A)')\n",
+        "(160.08088066112694, 'I_C(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.27, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate magnitude and phase of secondary current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "X1=505.0     #uohm\n",
+      "X2=551.0     #uohm\n",
+      "R1=109.0     #uohm\n",
+      "R2=102.0     #uohm\n",
+      "Xm=256.0     #mohm\n",
+      "I1=250.0     #A\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I22=complex(0,Xm*1000)*I1/(complex(R1,X2+Xm*1000)) \n",
+      "N1=250.0\n",
+      "N2=5.0 \n",
+      "I2=I22*(N2/N1) \n",
+      "print(abs(I2),'current magnitude(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((I2.imag)/(I2.real))),'phase(degree)') \n",
+      "print('now Rb is introduced in series') \n",
+      "Rbb=200     #uohm\n",
+      "Rb=(N2/N1)**2*Rbb \n",
+      "I22=complex(0,Xm*1000)*I1/(complex((R1+Rb),X2+Xm*1000)) \n",
+      "I2=I22*(N2/N1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(I2),'current magnitude(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((I2.imag)/(I2.real))),'phase(degree)') \n",
+      "print('no chnage as Rb is negligible') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4.989260944110411, 'current magnitude(A)')\n",
+        "(0.02434307249297878, 'phase(degree)')\n",
+        "now Rb is introduced in series\n",
+        "(4.989260943449164, 'current magnitude(A)')\n",
+        "(0.024360938966050547, 'phase(degree)')\n",
+        "no chnage as Rb is negligible\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate sec voltage magnitude and ph\n",
+      " \n",
+      "a=6000.0/100     #turn ratio\n",
+      "R1=780.0 \n",
+      "R2=907.0 \n",
+      "X1=975.0 \n",
+      "X2=1075.0 \n",
+      "Xm=443.0*1000 \n",
+      "print('sec open') \n",
+      "#Zb=inf \n",
+      "V1=6500.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V22=complex(0,Xm)*V1/complex(R1,Xm) \n",
+      "V2=V22/a \n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when Zb=Rb') \n",
+      "Rb=1 \n",
+      "Rbb=Rb*a**2 \n",
+      "Zm=complex(0,Xm/1000)*Rbb/complex(0,Xm/1000)+Rbb \n",
+      "R=complex(R1/1000,X1/1000)+Zm \n",
+      "Vm=Zm*V1/R \n",
+      "V2=Vm/a \n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when Zb=jXb') \n",
+      "Rb=complex(0,1) \n",
+      "Rbb=Rb*a**2 \n",
+      "Zm=complex(0,Xm/1000)*Rbb/complex(0,Xm/1000)+Rbb \n",
+      "R=complex(R1/1000,X1/1000)+Zm \n",
+      "Vm=Zm*V1/R \n",
+      "V2=Vm/a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sec open\n",
+        "(108.33316540930123, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(0.10088185516424111, 'phase(deg)')\n",
+        "when Zb=Rb\n",
+        "(108.32159750052864, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(-0.007757962982324285, 'phase(deg)')\n",
+        "when Zb=jXb\n",
+        "(108.31866454530893, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(0.006206202333075708, 'phase(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate L1 and L2 and coupling cofficient\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=10.0 \n",
+      "V_p=200.0 \n",
+      "I_p=4.0 \n",
+      "Xm=V_p/I_p \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "L1=Xm/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L1,'L1(H)') \n",
+      "V_s=1950.0 \n",
+      "w_max=V_s/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "M=w_max/(math.sqrt(2)*I_p) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "v_s=2000 \n",
+      "i_s=.41 \n",
+      "w_max=math.sqrt(2)*i_s*M \n",
+      "E1=math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f*w_max \n",
+      "L2=v_s/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f*math.sqrt(2)*i_s) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(L2,'L2(H)') \n",
+      "k=M/(math.sqrt(L1)*math.sqrt(L2)) \n",
+      "print(k,'coupling coeff') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.15915494309189535, 'L1(H)')\n",
+        "(15.527311521160522, 'L2(H)')\n",
+        "(0.9871122656516838, 'coupling coeff')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.30, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate leakage inductance, magnetisisng inductance,mutual inductance and self-inductance\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V1=2400.0\n",
+      "V2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=V1/V2 \n",
+      "R1=.2 \n",
+      "X1=.45 \n",
+      "Rl=10000.0 \n",
+      "R2=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "X2=4.5*10**-3 \n",
+      "Xm=1600.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "l1=X1/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(l1,'leakage inductance ie l1(H)') \n",
+      "l2=X2/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(l2,'l2(H)') \n",
+      "Lm1=Xm/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(Lm1,'magnetising inductance(H)') \n",
+      "L1=Lm1+l1 \n",
+      "print(L1,'self-inductance ie L1(H)') \n",
+      "M=Lm1/a \n",
+      "L2=l2+M/a \n",
+      "print(L2,'L2(H)') \n",
+      "k=M/math.sqrt(L1*L2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(k,'coupling factor') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.001432394487827058, 'leakage inductance ie l1(H)')\n",
+        "(1.4323944878270581e-05, 'l2(H)')\n",
+        "(5.092958178940651, 'magnetising inductance(H)')\n",
+        "(5.094390573428478, 'self-inductance ie L1(H)')\n",
+        "(0.050943905734284776, 'L2(H)')\n",
+        "(0.9997188290793214, 'coupling factor')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.31, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate %voltage reg and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=500000.0 \n",
+      "V1=2200.0 \n",
+      "V2=1100.0 \n",
+      "V0=110.0 \n",
+      "I0=10.0 \n",
+      "P0=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y0=I0/V0 \n",
+      "Gi=P0/(V0**2) \n",
+      "Bm=math.sqrt(Y0**2-Gi**2) \n",
+      "Vsc=90 \n",
+      "Isc=20.5 \n",
+      "Psc=808 \n",
+      "Z=Vsc/Isc \n",
+      "R=Psc/Isc**2 \n",
+      "X=math.sqrt(Z**2-R**2) \n",
+      "TR=V1/V2 \n",
+      "Gi_HV=Gi/TR**2 \n",
+      "Bm_HV=Bm/TR**2 \n",
+      "R_LV=R/TR**2 \n",
+      "X_LV=X/TR**2 \n",
+      "I2=P/V2 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Th=math.acos(pf) \n",
+      "dV=I2*(R_LV*math.cos(Th)+X_LV*math.sin(Th)) \n",
+      "VR=(dV/V2)*100     \n",
+      "print(VR,'voltage regulation(%)') \n",
+      "Pi=P0 \n",
+      "Pc=Psc \n",
+      "n=P*100/(P+Pi+Pc) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'eff(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(40.35372116523329, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(99.75898229876618, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03_2.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4ebdb951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter03_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1892 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 03 : Transformers"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine no load power factor,core loss current and magnetising current\n",
+      "#  and no load ckt parameters of transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pi=50.0\n",
+      "V1=230.0\n",
+      "Io=2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "pf=Pi/(V1*Io)\n",
+      "print(\"No load power factor %.2f v \" %pf)\n",
+      "Im=Io*math.sin(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))))\n",
+      "print(\"Magnetising current(A) %.2f v \" %Im)\n",
+      "Ii=Io*pf\n",
+      "print(\"core loss current(A) %.2f v \" %Ii)\n",
+      "Gi=Pi/V1**2\n",
+      "print(\"Gi(mho) %.2f v \" %Gi)\n",
+      "Bm=Im/V1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"Bm(mho) %.2f v \" %Bm)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "No load power factor 0.00 v \n",
+        "Magnetising current(A) 2.00 v \n",
+        "core loss current(A) 0.00 v \n",
+        "Gi(mho) 0.00 v \n",
+        "Bm(mho) 0.01 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate no load current and its pf and no load power drawn from mains\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "E=200 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "N1=150         # no of turns\n",
+      "b1=.1 \n",
+      "b2=.05 \n",
+      "phi_max=E/(4.44*f*N1) \n",
+      "print(\"flux(Wb)%.2f v \" %phi_max)\n",
+      "B_max=phi_max/(b1*b2) \n",
+      "print(\"B_max(T) = %.2f v \" %B_max)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "H_max=250         #According to B_max, H_max is 250AT/m\n",
+      "l_c=.2*(3.0+3.5)     #length of core\n",
+      "AT_max=H_max*l_c \n",
+      "print(\"AT_max = %.2f v \" %AT_max)\n",
+      "T_max=N1 \n",
+      "I_mmax=AT_max/T_max \n",
+      "I_mrms=I_mmax/2**.5 \n",
+      "print(\"I_mrms(A) = %.2f v \" %I_mrms)\n",
+      "v=2*(20*10*5)+2*(45*10*5) \n",
+      "d=.0079             #density of core material\n",
+      "w=v*d \n",
+      "cl=3                 #core loss/kg\n",
+      "closs=w*cl \n",
+      "print(\"core loss(W) = %.2f v \" %closs)\n",
+      "I_i=closs/E \n",
+      "print(\"I_i(A) = %.2f v \" %I_i)\n",
+      "def rect2polar(x,y):\n",
+      "    r=math.sqrt(x**2+y**2)\n",
+      "    return r\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def rect2polar2(x,y):\n",
+      "    pff=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(y/x))))\n",
+      "    return pff\t\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_o=rect2polar(I_i,-I_mmax) \n",
+      "pf=rect2polar(I_i,-I_mmax) \n",
+      "print(\"no load current(A) = %.2f v \" %I_o)\n",
+      "print(\"no load power factor = %.2f v \" %pf)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "flux(Wb)0.01 v \n",
+        "B_max(T) = 1.20 v \n",
+        "AT_max = 325.00 v \n",
+        "I_mrms(A) = 1.53 v \n",
+        "core loss(W) = 154.05 v \n",
+        "I_i(A) = 0.77 v \n",
+        "no load current(A) = 2.30 v \n",
+        "no load power factor = 2.30 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate primary and scondary side impedences,current and their pf and real power\n",
+      "# and calculate terminal voltage\n",
+      "N_1=150.0 \n",
+      "N_2=75.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=N_1/N_2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_2=[5,30]                 #polar(magnitude,phase diff)\n",
+      "I_2=[0,0]\n",
+      "I_1=[0,0]\n",
+      "print(Z_2,'secondary impedence(ohm)') \n",
+      "Z_1=[a**2*Z_2[0],Z_2[1]] \n",
+      "print(Z_1,'primary impedence(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_1=[200,0]                 #polar(magnitde,phase diff)\n",
+      "V_2=[V_1[0]/a,V_1[1]] \n",
+      "print(V_2,'secondary terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_2[0]=V_2[0]/Z_2[0] \n",
+      "I_2[1]=V_2[1]-Z_2[1] \n",
+      "print(I_2,'I_2=') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_2[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf lagging=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_1[0]=I_2[0]/a \n",
+      "I_1[1]=I_2[1] \n",
+      "print(I_1,'I_1(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_1[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf lagging=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_2=V_2[0]*I_2[0]*math.cos(math.radians(I_2[1]))  \n",
+      "print(P_2,'secondary power output(W)=') \n",
+      "#P_1=primary power output\n",
+      "P_1=P_2                            #as the transormer is lossless\n",
+      "print(P_1,'primary power output(W)=') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([5, 30], 'secondary impedence(ohm)')\n",
+        "([20, 30], 'primary impedence(ohm)')\n",
+        "([100, 0], 'secondary terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "([20, -30], 'I_2=')\n",
+        "(0.8660254037844387, 'pf lagging=')\n",
+        "([10, -30], 'I_1(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8660254037844387, 'pf lagging=')\n",
+        "(1732.0508075688774, 'secondary power output(W)=')\n",
+        "(1732.0508075688774, 'primary power output(W)=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# To calculate primary current and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def polar2rect(r,theta):\n",
+      "\tx=r*math.cos(math.radians(theta))\n",
+      "\treturn x\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def polar2rect2(r,theta):\n",
+      "\ty=r*math.sin(math.radians(theta))\n",
+      "\treturn y\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "def rect2polar(x,y):\n",
+      "\tr=math.sqrt(x**2+y**2) \n",
+      "\treturn r\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def rect2polar2(x,y):\n",
+      "\ttheta=math.degrees(math.atan(y/x))\n",
+      "\treturn theta\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_2=[10,-30] \n",
+      "I_2r=[0,0] \n",
+      "I_2r[0]=polar2rect(I_2[0],I_2[1]) \n",
+      "I_2r[1]=polar2rect2(I_2[0],I_2[1]) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_0=[1.62,-71.5] \n",
+      "I_0r=[0,0] \n",
+      "I_0r[0]=polar2rect(I_0[0],I_0[1]) \n",
+      "I_0r[1]=polar2rect2(I_0[0],I_0[1]) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_1r=I_0r+I_2r \n",
+      "I_1[0]=rect2polar(I_1r[0],I_1r[1]) \n",
+      "I_1[1]=rect2polar2(I_1r[0],I_1r[1]) \n",
+      "print(I_1[0],'primary current(A)=') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(I_1[1]))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor=') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.62, 'primary current(A)=')\n",
+        "(0.3173046564050921, 'power factor=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.5, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# Equivalent circuit referred to(i)HV side (ii)LV side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N_1=2000 \n",
+      "N_2=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=N_1/N_2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_2=p=complex(0.004,0.005)  #low voltage impedence\n",
+      "Z_2hv=a**2*Z_2 \n",
+      "print(Z_2hv,'Z_2 referred to hv side(ohm)')                         #when referred to hv side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Y_0=complex(0.002,-0.015)             #shunt branch admittance\n",
+      "Y_0hv=Y_0/a**2 \n",
+      "print(Y_0hv,'Y_0 referred to hv side(mho)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_1=complex(0.42,-0.52)                    #low voltage impedence\n",
+      "Z_1lv=Z_1/a**2 \n",
+      "print(Z_1lv,'Z_1 referred to lv side(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "((0.4+0.5j), 'Z_2 referred to hv side(ohm)')\n",
+        "((2e-05-0.00015j), 'Y_0 referred to hv side(mho)')\n",
+        "((0.0042-0.0052j), 'Z_1 referred to lv side(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.6 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "# To find the voltage at the load end of the transformer when load is drawing transformer current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I=20/2                     #rated load current(hv side)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z1=[.25,1.4]                     #impedence of feeder    (REAL,IMAGINERY)\n",
+      "Z2=[.82,1.02]                    #impedence of transformer    (REAL,IMAGINERY)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=Z1+Z2 \n",
+      "print(Z,'Z(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "#from phasor diagram\n",
+      "   \n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R=Z[0]\n",
+      "X=Z[0]\n",
+      "AF=I*X*math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "FE=I*R*math.sin(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "AE=AF-FE \n",
+      "OA=2000 \n",
+      "OE=math.sqrt(OA**2-AE**2)                                                         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "BD=I*R*math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "DE=I*X*math.sin(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "BE=BD+DE \n",
+      "V1=OE    \n",
+      "print(V1,'V1(V)')  \n",
+      "V2=V1-BE     \n",
+      "print(V2,'V2(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "loadvol=V2/10                         #referred to LV side\n",
+      "print(loadvol,'load voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([0.25, 1.4, 0.82, 1.02], 'Z(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1999.999937499999, 'V1(V)')\n",
+        "(1996.499937499999, 'V2(V)')\n",
+        "(199.6499937499999, 'load voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.7, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# Approx equivalent ckt referred to hv and lv sides resp,\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#open ckt test data with HV side open\n",
+      "ocv=200.0 \n",
+      "oci=4.0 \n",
+      "ocp=120.0 \n",
+      "#short ckt test data with LV side open\n",
+      "scv=60.0 \n",
+      "sci=10.0 \n",
+      "scp=300.0 \n",
+      "#OC test(LV side)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_o=oci/ocv     \n",
+      "print(\"Y_o %.4f v \" %Y_o)\n",
+      "G_i=ocp/ocv**2   \n",
+      "print(\"G_i %.4f v \" %G_i)\n",
+      "B_m=math.sqrt(Y_o**2-G_i**2) \n",
+      "print(\"B_m %.4f v \" %B_m)   \n",
+      "#SC test(HV side)\n",
+      "Z=scv/sci      \n",
+      "print(\"Z(ohm) %.4f v \" %Z) \n",
+      "R=scp/sci**2   \n",
+      "print(\"R(ohm) %.4f v \" %R)   \n",
+      "X=math.sqrt(Z**2-R**2) \n",
+      "print(\"X(ohm) %.4f v \" %X)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N_H=2000 \n",
+      "N_L=200 \n",
+      "a=N_H/N_L                             #transformation ratio\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Equivalent ckt referred to HV side\n",
+      "G_iHV=G_i/a**2        \n",
+      "print(\"G_i(HV)mho %.4f v \" %G_iHV) \n",
+      "B_mHV=B_m/a**2    \n",
+      "print(\"B_m(HV)mho %.4f v \" %B_mHV) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Equivalent ckt referred to LV side\n",
+      "RLV=R/a**2       \n",
+      "print(\"R(LV)ohm %.4f v \" %RLV) \n",
+      "XLV=X/a**2         \n",
+      "print(\"X(LV)ohm %.4f v \" %XLV) "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y_o 0.0200 v \n",
+        "G_i 0.0030 v \n",
+        "B_m 0.0198 v \n",
+        "Z(ohm) 6.0000 v \n",
+        "R(ohm) 3.0000 v \n",
+        "X(ohm) 5.1962 v \n",
+        "G_i(HV)mho 0.0000 v \n",
+        "B_m(HV)mho 0.0002 v \n",
+        "R(LV)ohm 0.0300 v \n",
+        "X(LV)ohm 0.0520 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.8 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate (a)open ckt current,power and pf when LV excited at rated voltage\n",
+      "# (b) voltage at which HV side is excited, ip power and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=150000                                     #rating(VA)\n",
+      "V1=2400.0 \n",
+      "V2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=V1/V2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_1=.2 \n",
+      "X_1=.45 \n",
+      "R_i=10000 \n",
+      "R_2=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "X_2=4.5*10**-3 \n",
+      "X_m=1600 \n",
+      "#Referring the shunt parameters to LV side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R_iLV=R_i/a**2 \n",
+      "X_mLV=X_m/a**2 \n",
+      "I_oLV=[V2/100.0,V2/16.0] \n",
+      "I_o=math.sqrt(I_oLV[0]**2+I_oLV[1]**2)     \n",
+      "print(I_o,'I_o(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(I_oLV[1]/I_oLV[0]))))\n",
+      "print(\"pf = %.2f v \" %pf) \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(15.190786681406594, 'I_o(A)')\n",
+        "pf = 0.16 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.10 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#To find exciting current and expess impedence in pu in both HV and LV sides\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_BHV=2000.0 \n",
+      "I_BHV=10.0 \n",
+      "Z_BHV=V_BHV/I_BHV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_BLV=200.0 \n",
+      "I_BLV=100.0 \n",
+      "Z_BLV=V_BLV/I_BLV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_o=3.0 \n",
+      "a=V_BHV/V_BLV \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_oLV=I_o/100     \n",
+      "print(I_oLV,'I_o(LV)pu=') \n",
+      "I_oHV=I_o/(a*10)     \n",
+      "print(I_oHV,'I_o(HV)pu=') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=complex(8.2,10.2) \n",
+      "ZHV=Z/Z_BHV     \n",
+      "print(ZHV,'Z(HV)pu=') \n",
+      "z=Z/a**2     \n",
+      "ZLV=z/Z_BLV     \n",
+      "print(ZLV,'Z(LV)pu=') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.03, 'I_o(LV)pu=')\n",
+        "(0.03, 'I_o(HV)pu=')\n",
+        "((0.040999999999999995+0.051j), 'Z(HV)pu=')\n",
+        "((0.040999999999999995+0.051j), 'Z(LV)pu=')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.11 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_2=200 \n",
+      "I_2=100 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "P_o=V_2*I_2*pf             #power output\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_i=120.0 \n",
+      "P_c=300.0 \n",
+      "k=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "P_L=P_i+k**2*P_c             #total losses\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1-(P_L/(P_o+P_L))        \n",
+      "print(\"n percent = %.2f v \" %(n*100))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "K=math.sqrt(P_i/P_c)             #max efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n_max=1-(2*P_i/(P_o*K+2*P_i))         #pf=.8\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"n_max percent = %.2f v \" %(n_max*100))"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "n percent = 97.44 v \n",
+        "n_max percent = 97.68 v \n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.13, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# Comparing all-day efficiencies for diff given load cycles\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=15.0              # kva rating\n",
+      "n_max=.98 \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "P_o=20.0 \n",
+      "P_i=r*(1-n_max)/2  \n",
+      "k=r*pf/P_o \n",
+      "P_c=P_i/(k**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def power(P_o,h):\n",
+      "    k=P_o/20\n",
+      "    P_c=P_i*P_o/r\n",
+      "    W_o=P_o*h\n",
+      "    W_in=(P_o+P_i+(k**2)*P_c)*h\n",
+      "    return W_o,W_in\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(a)full load of 20kva 12hrs/day and no load rest of the day\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=[20,12] \n",
+      "W_oa=[0,0]\n",
+      "W_ina=[0,0]\n",
+      "[W_oa[0],W_ina[0]]=power(a[0],a[1]) \n",
+      "aa=[0,12] \n",
+      "[W_oa[1],W_ina[1]]=power(aa[0],aa[1]) \n",
+      "print(W_oa,'W_o(kWh) for a') \n",
+      "print(W_ina,'W_in(kWh) for a') \n",
+      "n_ada=sum(W_oa)/sum(W_ina)     \n",
+      "print(n_ada*100,'n_allday(a) in %age') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(b)full load of 20kva 4hrs/day and .4 of full load rest of the day\n",
+      "b=[20,4] \n",
+      "W_ob=[0,0]\n",
+      "W_inb=[0,0]\n",
+      "[W_ob[0],W_inb[0]]=power(b[0],b[1]) \n",
+      "bb=[8,20] \n",
+      "[W_ob[1],W_inb[1]]=power(bb[0],bb[1]) \n",
+      "print(W_ob,'W_o(kWh) for b') \n",
+      "print(W_inb,'W_in(kWh) for b') \n",
+      "n_adb=sum(W_ob)/sum(W_inb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_adb*100,'n_allday(b) in %age')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([240, 0], 'W_o(kWh) for a')\n",
+        "([244.2, 1.8000000000000016], 'W_in(kWh) for a')\n",
+        "(97.5609756097561, 'n_allday(a) in %age')\n",
+        "([80, 160], 'W_o(kWh) for b')\n",
+        "([81.39999999999999, 163.0], 'W_in(kWh) for b')\n",
+        "(98.19967266775778, 'n_allday(b) in %age')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.14, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# To calculate volatage regulation, volatage at load terminals and operating efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=20*1000 \n",
+      "V1=200 \n",
+      "V2=2000 \n",
+      "I1=S/V1 \n",
+      "I2=S/V2 \n",
+      "Rh=3 \n",
+      "Xh=5.2 \n",
+      "pf=0.8             \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vha=V2+I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi)))         #lagging\n",
+      "Vrega=(Vha-V2)*100/V2      \n",
+      "print(Vrega,'vol-reg lagging(%)') \n",
+      "Vhb=V2+I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))-Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi)))         #leading\n",
+      "Vregb=(Vhb-V2)*100/V2      \n",
+      "print(Vregb,'vol-reg leading(%)') \n",
+      "V11=V2-I2*(Rh*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+Xh*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "v1=V11/I2         \n",
+      "print(v1,'V_L(V)') \n",
+      "ploss=120+10*10*3 \n",
+      "pop=v1*I1*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "eff=(1-(ploss/(ploss+pop)))*100.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff,'eff(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2.759999999999991, 'vol-reg lagging(%)')\n",
+        "(-0.36000000000000226, 'vol-reg leading(%)')\n",
+        "(194.48, 'V_L(V)')\n",
+        "(97.37145145947028, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.15, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine voltage regulation and efficiency\n",
+      "r=150*1000.0                     #rating in va\n",
+      "v1=2400.0 \n",
+      "v2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=v2/v1 \n",
+      "R_hv=.2+.002/a**2 \n",
+      "X_hv=.45+.0045/a**2 \n",
+      "I_2fl=r/v2 \n",
+      "pf=0.8        #lagging\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "I_2=I_2fl*a \n",
+      "vd=I_2*(R_hv*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+X_hv*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "V2=v1 \n",
+      "vr=(vd/V2)*100         \n",
+      "print(vr,'vol reg(%)') \n",
+      "V1=v1+vd \n",
+      "P_out=r*pf \n",
+      "P_c=(I_2**2)*R_hv         #copper loss\n",
+      "P_i=(V1**2)/10000 \n",
+      "P_L=P_c+P_i \n",
+      "n=P_out/(P_out+P_L)         \n",
+      "print(n*100,'eff(%)') \n",
+      "I_o=[0,0]\n",
+      "I2=[0,0]\n",
+      "I_o[0]=V1/(10*1000) \n",
+      "I_o[1]=-V1/(1.6*1000)        #inductive effect\n",
+      "I2[0]=I_2*(math.cos(math.radians(phi)))     \n",
+      "I2[1]=I_2*(-math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "I_1=I_o+I2      \n",
+      "b=math.sqrt(I_1[0]**2+I_1[1]**2) \n",
+      "print(b,'I_1(A)') \n",
+      "pff=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(I_1[1]/I_1[0]))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pff,'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2.239583333333333, 'vol reg(%)')\n",
+        "(98.22813719947018, 'eff(%)')\n",
+        "(1.5530997008125598, 'I_1(A)')\n",
+        "(0.15799050110667276, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.16, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate voltage ratings,kva ratings and efficieny of autotransformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "AB=200.0\n",
+      "BC=2000.0\n",
+      "V_1=BC         \n",
+      "print(V_1,'V_1(V)') \n",
+      "V_2=AB+BC      \n",
+      "print(V_2,'V_2(V)') \n",
+      "r=20000             #rating of transformer\n",
+      "I_2=r/AB \n",
+      "I_1=I_2+10 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "rr=V_2*I_2/1000         #kva rating of autotransformer\n",
+      "print(rr,'kva rating') \n",
+      "ri=V_1*(I_1-I_2)/1000     #kva inductive\n",
+      "rc=rr-ri \n",
+      "print(ri,'kva transferred inductively') \n",
+      "print(rc,'kva transferred conductively') \n",
+      "W_c=120             #core loss\n",
+      "W_cu=300             #cu loss\n",
+      "W_t=W_c+W_cu         #total loss\n",
+      "pf=0.8 \n",
+      "W=V_2*I_2*pf         #full load output\n",
+      "n=1-(W_t/W) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n*100,'eff(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2000.0, 'V_1(V)')\n",
+        "(2200.0, 'V_2(V)')\n",
+        "(220.0, 'kva rating')\n",
+        "(20.0, 'kva transferred inductively')\n",
+        "(200.0, 'kva transferred conductively')\n",
+        "(99.76136363636363, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.17, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine the rating and full load efficiency of autotransformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#when used as transformer\n",
+      "v1=240.0\n",
+      "v2=120.0\n",
+      "r=12000.0\n",
+      "I1=r/v1 \n",
+      "I2=r/v2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#when connected as autotransformer\n",
+      "V1=240.0\n",
+      "V2=v1+v2 \n",
+      "rr=I2*V2             \n",
+      "print(rr,'rating of autotransformer(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "P_o=r*pf             #output power\n",
+      "n=.962            #efficiency at upf\n",
+      "P_L=P_o*(1-n)/n \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pff=.85            #if pf=.85\n",
+      "Po=rr*pff \n",
+      "nn=1/(1+P_L/Po)         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn*100,'efficiency(%) at .85 pf is') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(36000.0, 'rating of autotransformer(va)')\n",
+        "(98.4745694673036, 'efficiency(%) at .85 pf is')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.18, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate sec. line voltage, line current and output va\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)Y/D conn') \n",
+      "V_LY=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_LY/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "a=12 \n",
+      "V_PD=V_PY/a \n",
+      "V_LD=V_PD     \n",
+      "print(V_LD,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_PY=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_PY*a \n",
+      "I_LD=I_PD*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_LD,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LD*I_LD     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('(b)D/Y conn') \n",
+      "I_LD=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_LD/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_LY=I_PD*a         \n",
+      "print(I_LY,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "V_PD=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_PD/a \n",
+      "V_LY=V_PY*math.sqrt(3.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V_LY,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LY*I_LY     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Y/D conn\n",
+        "(317.5426480542942, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(207.84609690826525, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n",
+        "(b)D/Y conn\n",
+        "(69.2820323027551, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(952.6279441628825, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.19, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# To compute all the currents and voltages in all windings of Y/D transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=complex(500,100)         #load is 500MW and 100MVar\n",
+      "s=abs(S) \n",
+      "r=s/3         #MVA rating of each single ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=22         #D side\n",
+      "V2=345         #Y side\n",
+      "a=V2/(math.sqrt(3)*V1)         #voltage rating of each single phase\n",
+      "print('Y side') \n",
+      "V_A=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "V_B=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-120)),math.sin(math.radians(-120)))\n",
+      "V_C=(V2/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-240)),math.sin(math.radians(-240)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V_AB=V_A-V_B     \n",
+      "print(V_AB,'V_AB(V)') \n",
+      "V_BC=V_B-V_C     \n",
+      "print(V_BC,'V_BC(V)') \n",
+      "V_CA=V_C-V_A     \n",
+      "print(V_CA,'V_CA(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "IA=S/(3*V_A)     \n",
+      "print(IA,'IA(A)') \n",
+      "IB=S/(3*V_B)     \n",
+      "print(IB,'IB(A)') \n",
+      "IC=S/(3*V_C)     \n",
+      "print(IC,'IC(A)') \n",
+      "print('D side') \n",
+      "V_ab=V_A/a     \n",
+      "print(V_ab,'V_ab(V)') \n",
+      "V_bc=V_B/a     \n",
+      "print(V_bc,'V_bc(V)') \n",
+      "V_ca=V_C/a     \n",
+      "print(V_ca,'V_ca(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_ab=a*IA \n",
+      "I_bc=a*IB \n",
+      "I_ca=a*IC \n",
+      "Ia=I_ab-I_bc     \n",
+      "print(Ia,'Ia(A)') \n",
+      "Ib=I_bc-I_ca     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ib,'Ib(A)') \n",
+      "Ic=I_ca-I_ab     \n",
+      "print(Ic,'Ic(A)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y side\n",
+        "((298.77876430563134+172.50000000000003j), 'V_AB(V)')\n",
+        "((1.2789769243681803e-13-345j), 'V_BC(V)')\n",
+        "((-298.77876430563146+172.49999999999997j), 'V_CA(V)')\n",
+        "((0.8367395205646748+0.16734790411293496j), 'IA(A)')\n",
+        "((-0.5632972965142212+0.6409637291029529j), 'IB(A)')\n",
+        "((-0.2734422240504539-0.8083116332158876j), 'IC(A)')\n",
+        "D side\n",
+        "((22.000000000000004+0j), 'V_ab(V)')\n",
+        "((-10.999999999999996-19.052558883257653j), 'V_bc(V)')\n",
+        "((-11.00000000000001+19.052558883257646j), 'V_ca(V)')\n",
+        "((12.675796066340055-4.288071240791203j), 'Ia(A)')\n",
+        "((-2.624319405407383+13.121597027036948j), 'Ib(A)')\n",
+        "((-10.051476660932671-8.833525786245746j), 'Ic(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.20, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the load voltage when it draws rated current from transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "# here pu method is used\n",
+      "r=20         #kva rating of three 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "MVA_B=r*3/1000.0\n",
+      "v2=2*math.sqrt(3.0)         #in kv voltage base on hv side\n",
+      "v1=.2         #in kv voltage base on lv side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "z1=complex(.0004,.0015)         #feeder impedence\n",
+      "Z1=z1*MVA_B/v1**2         # lv line(pu)\n",
+      "z2=complex(.13,.95)         #load impedence\n",
+      "Z2=z2*MVA_B/v2**2         # hv line(pu)\n",
+      "z_T=complex(.82,1.02) \n",
+      "ZTY=z_T*MVA_B/v2**2         # star side(pu)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ztot=Z1+Z2+ZTY \n",
+      "V1=1         #sending end voltage [pu]\n",
+      "I1=1         #rated current(pu)\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "V2=V1-I1*((Ztot.real)*pf+(Ztot.imag)*.6)         #load voltage(pu)\n",
+      "V2v=V2*v1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V2v,'load voltage(kv)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.197692, 'load voltage(kv)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.21, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate fault currentin feeder lines,primary and secondary lines of receiving end transformers\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=60.0         #kva rating of 3-ph common base\n",
+      "s=200.0         #kva rating of 3ph transformer\n",
+      "#sending end\n",
+      "X_Tse=.06*r/s     #.06= reactance of transformer based on its own rating\n",
+      "#in 2 kv feeder\n",
+      "V_B=2000.0/math.sqrt(3)     #line to neutral\n",
+      "I_B=r*1000.0/(math.sqrt(3)*2000) \n",
+      "Z_B=V_B/I_B \n",
+      "X_feeder=0.7/Z_B         #feeder reactance=0.7\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#receiving end\n",
+      "X_Tre=0.0051 \n",
+      "X_tot=X_Tse+X_feeder+X_Tre \n",
+      "V_se=20/20 \n",
+      "I_fc=V_se/X_tot     #feeder current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_f=I_fc*I_B  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_f,'current in 2kv feeder(A)') \n",
+      "I_t1=I_f/math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_t1,'current in 2kv winding of transformer(A)') \n",
+      "I_t2=I_t1*10     \n",
+      "print(I_t2,'current in 200kv winding of transformer(A)') \n",
+      "I_l=I_t2*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_l,'current at load terminals(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(515.4913117764517, 'current in 2kv feeder(A)')\n",
+        "(297.6190476190477, 'current in 2kv winding of transformer(A)')\n",
+        "(2976.190476190477, 'current in 200kv winding of transformer(A)')\n",
+        "(5154.913117764517, 'current at load terminals(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.22, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# To calculate voltage and kva rating of 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_p=33.0     #primary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "V_s=11.0     #secondary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V_p1=V_p/math.sqrt(3)     #per ph primary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "V_p2=V_s/math.sqrt(3)     #per ph secondary side voltage(V)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=6000.0     #kva rating 3-ph\n",
+      "s=r/3.0     #per phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('Y/Y conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p1,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_p2,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('Y/D conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p1,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_s,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('D/Y conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_p2,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('D/D conn') \n",
+      "print(V_p,'primary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(V_s,'secondary side ph voltage(V)') \n",
+      "print(s,'kva rating of transformer') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "Y/Y conn\n",
+        "(19.05255888325765, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6.3508529610858835, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "Y/D conn\n",
+        "(19.05255888325765, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(11.0, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "D/Y conn\n",
+        "(33.0, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6.3508529610858835, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n",
+        "D/D conn\n",
+        "(33.0, 'primary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(11.0, 'secondary side ph voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(2000.0, 'kva rating of transformer')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.23, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate (a)reactance in ohms(b)line voltage,kva rating,series reactance for Y/Y   and Y/D conn\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xpu=0.12     # of 1-ph transformer\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def Xohm(kv,MVA):\n",
+      "\tX=(Xpu*kv**2)/MVA\n",
+      "\treturn X\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)') \n",
+      "MVAa=75*10**-3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6     \n",
+      "Vlv=.4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAa)      \n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAa)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)') \n",
+      "print('Y/Y') \n",
+      "MVAb=MVAa*3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(Vhv,'V_hv(kV)') \n",
+      "Vlv=.4*math.sqrt(3)      \n",
+      "print(Vlv,'V_lv(kV)') \n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('Y/D') \n",
+      "MVAb=MVAa*3 \n",
+      "Vhv=6.6*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(Vhv,'V_hv(kV)') \n",
+      "Vlv=.4              \n",
+      "print(Vlv,'V_lv(kV)') \n",
+      "Xhv=Xohm(Vhv,MVAb)     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xhv,'X(ohm)of hv side') \n",
+      "Xlv=Xohm(Vlv,MVAb)      \n",
+      "print(Xlv,'X(ohm)of lv side') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.25600000000000006, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n",
+        "(b)\n",
+        "Y/Y\n",
+        "(11.431535329954588, 'V_hv(kV)')\n",
+        "(0.6928203230275509, 'V_lv(kV)')\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.256, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n",
+        "Y/D\n",
+        "(11.431535329954588, 'V_hv(kV)')\n",
+        "(0.4, 'V_lv(kV)')\n",
+        "(69.69599999999998, 'X(ohm)of hv side')\n",
+        "(0.08533333333333334, 'X(ohm)of lv side')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.24, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find how 2 transformers connected in parallel share the load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z1=complex(.012,.06) \n",
+      "Z2=2*complex(.014,.045) \n",
+      "Z=Z1+Z2 \n",
+      "r=800         #kva rating\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "S_L=r*(complex(pf,-1*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf)))))) \n",
+      "S_1=S_L*Z2/Z \n",
+      "print(S_1,'load by first transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "S_2=S_L*Z1/Z \n",
+      "print(S_2,'load by second transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "S_2rated=300 \n",
+      "S_Lmax=S_2rated*abs(Z)/abs(Z1) \n",
+      "print(S_Lmax,'max load by both transformer(kVA)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r1=600         #kva\n",
+      "V=440 \n",
+      "Z1actual=Z1*V/(r1*1000/V) \n",
+      "Z2actual=Z2*V/(r1*1000/V) \n",
+      "Zactual=Z1actual+Z2actual \n",
+      "Z_Lact=V**2/(S_L*1000) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=445 \n",
+      "I1=(V1*Z2actual-10*Z_Lact)/(Z1actual*Z2actual+Z_Lact*Zactual) \n",
+      "I2=(V1*-1*Z1actual-10*Z_Lact)/(Z1actual*Z2actual+Z_Lact*Zactual) \n",
+      "S1=V*I1/1000     \n",
+      "print(S1,'kVA of first transformer') \n",
+      "S2=V*I2/1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(S2,'kVA of second transformer') \n",
+      "Pout=abs(S1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((S1.imag)/(S1.real)))))+abs(S2)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((S2.imag)/(S2.real))))) \n",
+      "print(Pout,'total output power(kW)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "((372.3153526970954-404.18257261410787j), 'load by first transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "((267.6846473029046-235.81742738589213j), 'load by second transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "(761.1352856601269, 'max load by both transformer(kVA)')\n",
+        "((328.8923360471516-318.290570499325j), 'kVA of first transformer')\n",
+        "((-271.1465723386868+316.1011277711098j), 'kVA of second transformer')\n",
+        "(600.0389083858385, 'total output power(kW)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.25, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find pu value of the equivalent ckt,steady state short ckt current and voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=5.0         #MVA rating\n",
+      "V_Bp=6.35     #for primary\n",
+      "I_Bp=r*1000/V_Bp \n",
+      "V_Bs=1.91     #for secondary\n",
+      "I_Bs=r*1000/V_Bs \n",
+      "#from resp tests\n",
+      "V1=.0787 \n",
+      "I1=.5 \n",
+      "V2=.1417 \n",
+      "I2=.5 \n",
+      "V3=.1212 \n",
+      "I3=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "X12=V1/I1 \n",
+      "X13=V2/I2 \n",
+      "X23=V3/I3 \n",
+      "X1=I1*(X12+X13-X23) \n",
+      "X2=I2*(X23+X12-X13) \n",
+      "X3=I3*(X13+X23-X12) \n",
+      "print(X1,'X1(pu)') \n",
+      "print(X2,'X2(pu)') \n",
+      "print(X3,'X3(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V1=1 \n",
+      "I_sc=V1/X13 \n",
+      "I_scp=I_sc*I_Bp     \n",
+      "print(I_scp,'sc current primary side(A)') \n",
+      "I_sct=I_sc*r*1000.0*1000/(400/math.sqrt(3.0))  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_sct,'sc current tertiary side(A)') \n",
+      "V_A=I_sc*X3 \n",
+      "V_Aact=V_A*1.91*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(V_Aact,'V_A(actual) line to line(kV)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.09919999999999998, 'X1(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.05820000000000003, 'X2(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.18420000000000003, 'X3(pu)')\n",
+        "(2778.410637978651, 'sc current primary side(A)')\n",
+        "(76396.03067964349, 'sc current tertiary side(A)')\n",
+        "(2.1502243444618827, 'V_A(actual) line to line(kV)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.26, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate line currents of 3 ph side\n",
+      "\n",
+      "N1=6600.0 \n",
+      "N2=100.0 \n",
+      "a=N1/N2 \n",
+      "b=(math.sqrt(3)/2)*a \n",
+      "P=400.0     #kW\n",
+      "pfa=.707 \n",
+      "pfb=1 \n",
+      "V=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P*1000/(V*pfa) \n",
+      "Ib=P*2*1000/(V*pfb) \n",
+      "I_A=Ia/b \n",
+      "print(I_A,'I_A(A)') \n",
+      "I_BC=Ib/a \n",
+      "I_B=I_BC-49.5*complex(pfa,pfa) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(I_B),'I_B(A)') \n",
+      "I_C=I_BC+49.5*complex(pfa,-1*pfa) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_C),'I_C(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(98.98423028410711, 'I_A(A)')\n",
+        "(93.04777457436566, 'I_B(A)')\n",
+        "(160.08088066112694, 'I_C(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.27, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate magnitude and phase of secondary current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "X1=505.0     #uohm\n",
+      "X2=551.0     #uohm\n",
+      "R1=109.0     #uohm\n",
+      "R2=102.0     #uohm\n",
+      "Xm=256.0     #mohm\n",
+      "I1=250.0     #A\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I22=complex(0,Xm*1000)*I1/(complex(R1,X2+Xm*1000)) \n",
+      "N1=250.0\n",
+      "N2=5.0 \n",
+      "I2=I22*(N2/N1) \n",
+      "print(abs(I2),'current magnitude(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((I2.imag)/(I2.real))),'phase(degree)') \n",
+      "print('now Rb is introduced in series') \n",
+      "Rbb=200     #uohm\n",
+      "Rb=(N2/N1)**2*Rbb \n",
+      "I22=complex(0,Xm*1000)*I1/(complex((R1+Rb),X2+Xm*1000)) \n",
+      "I2=I22*(N2/N1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(I2),'current magnitude(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((I2.imag)/(I2.real))),'phase(degree)') \n",
+      "print('no chnage as Rb is negligible') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4.989260944110411, 'current magnitude(A)')\n",
+        "(0.02434307249297878, 'phase(degree)')\n",
+        "now Rb is introduced in series\n",
+        "(4.989260943449164, 'current magnitude(A)')\n",
+        "(0.024360938966050547, 'phase(degree)')\n",
+        "no chnage as Rb is negligible\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate sec voltage magnitude and ph\n",
+      " \n",
+      "a=6000.0/100     #turn ratio\n",
+      "R1=780.0 \n",
+      "R2=907.0 \n",
+      "X1=975.0 \n",
+      "X2=1075.0 \n",
+      "Xm=443.0*1000 \n",
+      "print('sec open') \n",
+      "#Zb=inf \n",
+      "V1=6500.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "V22=complex(0,Xm)*V1/complex(R1,Xm) \n",
+      "V2=V22/a \n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when Zb=Rb') \n",
+      "Rb=1 \n",
+      "Rbb=Rb*a**2 \n",
+      "Zm=complex(0,Xm/1000)*Rbb/complex(0,Xm/1000)+Rbb \n",
+      "R=complex(R1/1000,X1/1000)+Zm \n",
+      "Vm=Zm*V1/R \n",
+      "V2=Vm/a \n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when Zb=jXb') \n",
+      "Rb=complex(0,1) \n",
+      "Rbb=Rb*a**2 \n",
+      "Zm=complex(0,Xm/1000)*Rbb/complex(0,Xm/1000)+Rbb \n",
+      "R=complex(R1/1000,X1/1000)+Zm \n",
+      "Vm=Zm*V1/R \n",
+      "V2=Vm/a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V2),'voltage magnitude(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((V2.imag)/(V2.real))),'phase(deg)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "sec open\n",
+        "(108.33316540930123, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(0.10088185516424111, 'phase(deg)')\n",
+        "when Zb=Rb\n",
+        "(108.32159750052864, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(-0.007757962982324285, 'phase(deg)')\n",
+        "when Zb=jXb\n",
+        "(108.31866454530893, 'voltage magnitude(V)')\n",
+        "(0.006206202333075708, 'phase(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate L1 and L2 and coupling cofficient\n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=10.0 \n",
+      "V_p=200.0 \n",
+      "I_p=4.0 \n",
+      "Xm=V_p/I_p \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "L1=Xm/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L1,'L1(H)') \n",
+      "V_s=1950.0 \n",
+      "w_max=V_s/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "M=w_max/(math.sqrt(2)*I_p) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "v_s=2000 \n",
+      "i_s=.41 \n",
+      "w_max=math.sqrt(2)*i_s*M \n",
+      "E1=math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f*w_max \n",
+      "L2=v_s/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*f*math.sqrt(2)*i_s) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(L2,'L2(H)') \n",
+      "k=M/(math.sqrt(L1)*math.sqrt(L2)) \n",
+      "print(k,'coupling coeff') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.15915494309189535, 'L1(H)')\n",
+        "(15.527311521160522, 'L2(H)')\n",
+        "(0.9871122656516838, 'coupling coeff')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.30, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate leakage inductance, magnetisisng inductance,mutual inductance and self-inductance\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V1=2400.0\n",
+      "V2=240.0 \n",
+      "a=V1/V2 \n",
+      "R1=.2 \n",
+      "X1=.45 \n",
+      "Rl=10000.0 \n",
+      "R2=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "X2=4.5*10**-3 \n",
+      "Xm=1600.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "l1=X1/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(l1,'leakage inductance ie l1(H)') \n",
+      "l2=X2/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(l2,'l2(H)') \n",
+      "Lm1=Xm/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(Lm1,'magnetising inductance(H)') \n",
+      "L1=Lm1+l1 \n",
+      "print(L1,'self-inductance ie L1(H)') \n",
+      "M=Lm1/a \n",
+      "L2=l2+M/a \n",
+      "print(L2,'L2(H)') \n",
+      "k=M/math.sqrt(L1*L2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(k,'coupling factor') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.001432394487827058, 'leakage inductance ie l1(H)')\n",
+        "(1.4323944878270581e-05, 'l2(H)')\n",
+        "(5.092958178940651, 'magnetising inductance(H)')\n",
+        "(5.094390573428478, 'self-inductance ie L1(H)')\n",
+        "(0.050943905734284776, 'L2(H)')\n",
+        "(0.9997188290793214, 'coupling factor')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 3.31, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate %voltage reg and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=500000.0 \n",
+      "V1=2200.0 \n",
+      "V2=1100.0 \n",
+      "V0=110.0 \n",
+      "I0=10.0 \n",
+      "P0=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y0=I0/V0 \n",
+      "Gi=P0/(V0**2) \n",
+      "Bm=math.sqrt(Y0**2-Gi**2) \n",
+      "Vsc=90 \n",
+      "Isc=20.5 \n",
+      "Psc=808 \n",
+      "Z=Vsc/Isc \n",
+      "R=Psc/Isc**2 \n",
+      "X=math.sqrt(Z**2-R**2) \n",
+      "TR=V1/V2 \n",
+      "Gi_HV=Gi/TR**2 \n",
+      "Bm_HV=Bm/TR**2 \n",
+      "R_LV=R/TR**2 \n",
+      "X_LV=X/TR**2 \n",
+      "I2=P/V2 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Th=math.acos(pf) \n",
+      "dV=I2*(R_LV*math.cos(Th)+X_LV*math.sin(Th)) \n",
+      "VR=(dV/V2)*100     \n",
+      "print(VR,'voltage regulation(%)') \n",
+      "Pi=P0 \n",
+      "Pc=Psc \n",
+      "n=P*100/(P+Pi+Pc) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'eff(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(40.35372116523329, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(99.75898229876618, 'eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..3103dd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,890 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 05 : Basic concepts in rotating machines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate harmanic factor for stator\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=36.0     #no of slots\n",
+      "q=3.0      #no of phases\n",
+      "p=4.0      #no of poles\n",
+      "m=S/(q*p)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #gamma elec\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def bfctr(n):\n",
+      "    k=math.sin(math.radians(m*n*g/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(n*g/2))) \n",
+      "    return k\n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(1) \n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(fundamental)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(3.0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(third harmonic)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(5.0) \n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(fifth harmonic)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9597950805239389, 'K_b(fundamental)')\n",
+        "(0.6666666666666667, 'K_b(third harmonic)')\n",
+        "(0.21756788155537973, 'K_b(fifth harmonic)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the frequency and phase and line voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=375.0         #speed in rpm\n",
+      "p=16.0         #no of poles\n",
+      "f=n*p/120.0 \n",
+      "print(f,'freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "S=144.0         #no of slots\n",
+      "c=10.0         #no of conductors/slot\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "t=S*c/2         #no of turns\n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "N_ph=t/ph     #no of turns/ph\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #slots angle\n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "phi=0.04     #flux per pole\n",
+      "E_p=4.44*K_b*f*N_ph*phi \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_p,'phase voltage(V)') \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_p \n",
+      "print(E_l,'line voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(50.0, 'freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(2045.5152756126188, 'phase voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(3542.936385019311, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the phase and line voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50     #freq\n",
+      "n=600     #speed in rpm\n",
+      "p=120*f/n \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=4         #slots/pole/ph\n",
+      "S=p*ph*m     #slots\n",
+      "t=12         #turns per coil\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "N_ph=S*t/ph \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "cp=10         #coil pitch\n",
+      "pp=S/cp         #pole pitch\n",
+      "theta_sp=(pp-cp)*g     #short pitch angle\n",
+      "K_p=math.cos(math.radians(theta_sp/2))\n",
+      "phi=.035  \n",
+      "E_p=4.44*K_b*K_p*f*N_ph*phi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_p,'phase voltage(V)') \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_p \n",
+      "print(E_l,'line voltage(V)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3695.060690685099, 'phase voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6400.032853317139, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate flux/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=42 \n",
+      "p=2 \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #slots angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))   #breadth factor\n",
+      "cp=17 \n",
+      "pp=S/p \n",
+      "theta_sp=(pp-cp)*g     #short pitch angle\n",
+      "K_p=math.cos(math.radians(theta_sp/2)) \n",
+      "N_ph=S*2/(ph*p*2)         #2 parallel paths\n",
+      "E_p=2300/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "phi=E_p/(4.44*K_b*K_p*f*N_ph) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9245870891715325, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate  useful flux/pole and ares of pole shoe\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p=1500*1000.0     #power\n",
+      "v=600.0 \n",
+      "I_a=p/v \n",
+      "cu=25*1000     #copper losses\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R_a=cu/I_a**2 \n",
+      "E_a=v+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n=200 \n",
+      "Z=2500 \n",
+      "p=16 \n",
+      "A=16 \n",
+      "phi=E_a*60*A/(p*n*Z) \n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n",
+      "fd=0.85     #flux density\n",
+      "a=phi/fd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'area of pole shoe(m*m)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0732, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n",
+        "(0.08611764705882353, 'area of pole shoe(m*m)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.6, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate em power developed,mech power fed, torque provided by primemover\n",
+      "\n",
+      "phi=32*10**-3     #flux/pole\n",
+      "n=1600         #speed in rpm\n",
+      "Z=728         #no of conductors\n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "A=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_a=phi*n*Z*(p/A)/60 \n",
+      "I_a=100 \n",
+      "P_e=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P_e,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "P_m=P_e \n",
+      "print(P_m,'mechanical power(W) fed') \n",
+      "w_m=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T=P_m/w_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'primemover torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(62122.66666666667, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(62122.66666666667, 'mechanical power(W) fed')\n",
+        "(370.7673554268794, 'primemover torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.9 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine peak value of fundamental mmf\n",
+      " \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=300.0 \n",
+      "p=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "P=400*1000.0     #power\n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_L=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "I_P=I_L \n",
+      "I_m=math.sqrt(2)*I_P     #max value of phase current\n",
+      "S=180.0 \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))    #breadth factor\n",
+      "c=8         #conductors/1 coil side\n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "F_m=(4/math.pi)*K_b*(N_ph/p)*I_m \n",
+      "F_peak=(3.0/2)*F_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(F_peak,'peak mmf(AT/pole)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2177.0157210889715, 'peak mmf(AT/pole)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# (a)to calculate field current and flux/pole(b)to calculate open ckt ph and line voltages\n",
+      "# (c)to caculate field current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_peak=1.65 \n",
+      "g=.008 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "K_b=.957 \n",
+      "N_field=364.0/2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_f=B_peak*math.pi*g*P/((4*u_o)*(K_b*N_field)) \n",
+      "print(I_f,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "l=1.02     #rotor length\n",
+      "r=.41/2     #rotor radius\n",
+      "phi=(4/P)*B_peak*l*r \n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n",
+      "N_ph=3*11*P/2 \n",
+      "ga=60/3     #slot angle\n",
+      "m=3 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "E_ph=math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*K_b*f*N_ph*phi \n",
+      "print(E_ph,'E_ph(V)') \n",
+      "E_line=math.sqrt(3)*E_ph\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_line,'E_line(V)') \n",
+      "I_fnew=.75*I_f \n",
+      "print(I_fnew,'I_f(new)(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(189.46570670708599, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.34501499999999996, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n",
+        "(5058.442114926427, 'E_ph(V)')\n",
+        "(8761.478750198738, 'E_line(V)')\n",
+        "(142.0992800303145, 'I_f(new)(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.11 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find fundamental mmf wave,speed and its peak value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p=4.0\n",
+      "S=60.0 \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))      #breadth factor\n",
+      "I_L=48 \n",
+      "I_P=I_L/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_Pmax=I_P*math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "c=24         #conductors\n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "F_m=(4/math.pi)*K_b*(N_ph/p)*I_Pmax \n",
+      "print(F_m,'F_m(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "F_peak=(3/2)*F_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(F_peak,'F_peak(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "n=120*f/P \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2864.325776100667, 'F_m(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(2864.325776100667, 'F_peak(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(1500, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate resultant air gap flux/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "F1=400.0 \n",
+      "F2=850.0 \n",
+      "a=123.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Fr=math.sqrt(F1**2+F2**2+2*F1*F2*math.cos(math.radians(a))) \n",
+      "P=1.408*10**-4         #permeance/pole\n",
+      "phi_r=P*Fr \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(phi_r,'air gap flux/pole(Wb)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.10017539016595711, 'air gap flux/pole(Wb)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.13 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#To calculate resultant AT/pole and peak air gap flux density, rotor AT/pole, stator AT and its angle with the resultant AT, stator currrent\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ph=3.0 \n",
+      "S=36.0 \n",
+      "c=8.0*2 \n",
+      "p=4.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "ga=180.0*p/S \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))      #breadth factor\n",
+      "V_L=400 \n",
+      "V_ph=V_L/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "phi_r=V_ph/(4.44*K_b*f*N_ph) \n",
+      "print(phi_r,'phi_r(Wb/pole)') \n",
+      "D=.16 \n",
+      "l=0.12 \n",
+      "PA=math.pi*l*D/4         #pole area\n",
+      "B_rav=phi_r/PA \n",
+      "B_rpeak=(math.pi/2)*B_rav \n",
+      "g=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "F_r=g*B_rpeak/u_o \n",
+      "print(F_r,'F_r(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "T=60         #torque(Nm)\n",
+      "d=26 \n",
+      "F2=T/((math.pi/2)*(p/2)**2*phi_r*math.sin(math.radians(d))) \n",
+      "print(F2,'F2(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "F1=math.sqrt(F2**2+F_r**2-2*F2*F_r*math.sin(math.radians(d))) \n",
+      "print(F1,'F1(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.acos((F1**2+F_r**2-F2**2)/(2*F1*F_r)))\n",
+      "print(w,'angle(deg)') \n",
+      "K_w=K_b \n",
+      "I_a=F1/((3/2)*(4*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)*K_w*(N_ph/p))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_a,'I_a(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.01099635147629408, 'phi_r(Wb/pole)')\n",
+        "(1823.0455139875667, 'F_r(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(1980.9832697544216, 'F2(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(2020.2729202496512, 'F1(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(61.80134857667341, 'angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(47.44026875335716, 'I_a(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.14, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine in F2,peak rotor AT, max torque, ele i/p at max torque(motoring mode),open ckt voltage(generating mode)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('motoring mode') \n",
+      "K_w=.976 \n",
+      "N_pole=746 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "I_f=20 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F2=(4/math.pi)*K_w*(N_pole/p)*I_f \n",
+      "print(F2,'F2(AT)') \n",
+      "B_r=1.6 \n",
+      "D=.29 \n",
+      "l=.35 \n",
+      "T_max=(p/2)*(math.pi*D*l/2)*F2*B_r \n",
+      "print(T_max,'T_max') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "w_m=4*math.pi*f/p \n",
+      "P_in=T_max*w_m \n",
+      "print(P_in,'P_in(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('generating mode') \n",
+      "m=S/(3*p) \n",
+      "ga=180*p/S \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(30))/(3*math.sin(math.radians(15.0/2))) \n",
+      "K_w=K_b \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "phi_r=((2*D*l/p)*(u_o/g))*F2 \n",
+      "N_ph=20*p*4/2 \n",
+      "E_ph=4.44*K_b*f*N_ph*phi_r \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_ph \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_l,'E_l(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "motoring mode\n",
+        "(4622.77627986085, 'F2(AT)')\n",
+        "(2358.515712, 'T_max')\n",
+        "(370474.781709765, 'P_in(W)')\n",
+        "generating mode\n",
+        "(11579.863937164595, 'E_l(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.15, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find motor speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1500.0         #speed of sync generator\n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "f=n*p/120 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "p_im=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p_im \n",
+      "s=0.05         #slip\n",
+      "n_im=(1-s)*n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_im,'speed of induction motor(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(950.0, 'speed of induction motor(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.16, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find voltage available b/w slip rings and its freq\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)') \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "p=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p \n",
+      "n=-1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "f_s=f*s \n",
+      "print(f_s,'slip freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "v2=100 \n",
+      "V2=s*v2 \n",
+      "print(V2,'slip ring voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)') \n",
+      "n=1500 \n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "f_s=abs(f*s) \n",
+      "print(f_s,'slip freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "v2=100 \n",
+      "V2=s*v2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V2,'slip ring voltage(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)\n",
+        "(100.0, 'slip freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(200.0, 'slip ring voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(b)\n",
+        "(25.0, 'slip freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(-50.0, 'slip ring voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find no of poles, slip and freq of rotor currents at full load, motor speed at twice of full load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n_s=600.0\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "print(p,'no of poles') \n",
+      "n=576.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "print(s,'slip') \n",
+      "f2=s*f \n",
+      "n_r=s*n_s \n",
+      "print(n_r,'rotor speed wrt rotating field(rpm)') \n",
+      "ss=f2*s \n",
+      "n=(1-ss)*n_s \n",
+      "print(n,'motor speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "nn=528 \n",
+      "s_old=s \n",
+      "s_new=(n_s-nn)/n_s \n",
+      "fac=s_new/s_old \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(fac,'factor is') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(6.0, 'no of poles')\n",
+        "(0.04, 'slip')\n",
+        "(24.0, 'rotor speed wrt rotating field(rpm)')\n",
+        "(552.0, 'motor speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(3.0, 'factor is')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate amplitude of travelling wave mmf,peak value of air flux density, velocity of wave, current freq at some desired velocity\n",
+      " \n",
+      "K_w=.925 \n",
+      "N_ph=48 \n",
+      "I=750.0/math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "wndnglgth=2 \n",
+      "wavelgth=wndnglgth/0.5 \n",
+      "p=2*wavelgth \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F_peak=(3.0/2)*(4*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)*K_w*(N_ph/p)*I \n",
+      "print(F_peak,'F_peak(A/m)') \n",
+      "g=.01 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "B_peak=u_o*F_peak/g \n",
+      "print(B_peak,'B_peak(T)') \n",
+      "f=25 \n",
+      "B=.5 \n",
+      "v=f*B     \n",
+      "print(v,'velocity(m/s)') \n",
+      "vv=72*10**3/3600         #given velocity\n",
+      "f=vv/0.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(f,'freq(Hz)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(7949.789407440174, 'F_peak(A/m)')\n",
+        "(0.9990000000000002, 'B_peak(T)')\n",
+        "(12.5, 'velocity(m/s)')\n",
+        "(40.0, 'freq(Hz)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05_1.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..3103dd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,890 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 05 : Basic concepts in rotating machines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate harmanic factor for stator\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=36.0     #no of slots\n",
+      "q=3.0      #no of phases\n",
+      "p=4.0      #no of poles\n",
+      "m=S/(q*p)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #gamma elec\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def bfctr(n):\n",
+      "    k=math.sin(math.radians(m*n*g/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(n*g/2))) \n",
+      "    return k\n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(1) \n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(fundamental)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(3.0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(third harmonic)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(5.0) \n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(fifth harmonic)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9597950805239389, 'K_b(fundamental)')\n",
+        "(0.6666666666666667, 'K_b(third harmonic)')\n",
+        "(0.21756788155537973, 'K_b(fifth harmonic)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the frequency and phase and line voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=375.0         #speed in rpm\n",
+      "p=16.0         #no of poles\n",
+      "f=n*p/120.0 \n",
+      "print(f,'freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "S=144.0         #no of slots\n",
+      "c=10.0         #no of conductors/slot\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "t=S*c/2         #no of turns\n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "N_ph=t/ph     #no of turns/ph\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #slots angle\n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "phi=0.04     #flux per pole\n",
+      "E_p=4.44*K_b*f*N_ph*phi \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_p,'phase voltage(V)') \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_p \n",
+      "print(E_l,'line voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(50.0, 'freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(2045.5152756126188, 'phase voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(3542.936385019311, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the phase and line voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50     #freq\n",
+      "n=600     #speed in rpm\n",
+      "p=120*f/n \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=4         #slots/pole/ph\n",
+      "S=p*ph*m     #slots\n",
+      "t=12         #turns per coil\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "N_ph=S*t/ph \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "cp=10         #coil pitch\n",
+      "pp=S/cp         #pole pitch\n",
+      "theta_sp=(pp-cp)*g     #short pitch angle\n",
+      "K_p=math.cos(math.radians(theta_sp/2))\n",
+      "phi=.035  \n",
+      "E_p=4.44*K_b*K_p*f*N_ph*phi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_p,'phase voltage(V)') \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_p \n",
+      "print(E_l,'line voltage(V)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3695.060690685099, 'phase voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6400.032853317139, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate flux/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=42 \n",
+      "p=2 \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #slots angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))   #breadth factor\n",
+      "cp=17 \n",
+      "pp=S/p \n",
+      "theta_sp=(pp-cp)*g     #short pitch angle\n",
+      "K_p=math.cos(math.radians(theta_sp/2)) \n",
+      "N_ph=S*2/(ph*p*2)         #2 parallel paths\n",
+      "E_p=2300/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "phi=E_p/(4.44*K_b*K_p*f*N_ph) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9245870891715325, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate  useful flux/pole and ares of pole shoe\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p=1500*1000.0     #power\n",
+      "v=600.0 \n",
+      "I_a=p/v \n",
+      "cu=25*1000     #copper losses\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R_a=cu/I_a**2 \n",
+      "E_a=v+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n=200 \n",
+      "Z=2500 \n",
+      "p=16 \n",
+      "A=16 \n",
+      "phi=E_a*60*A/(p*n*Z) \n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n",
+      "fd=0.85     #flux density\n",
+      "a=phi/fd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'area of pole shoe(m*m)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0732, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n",
+        "(0.08611764705882353, 'area of pole shoe(m*m)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.6, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate em power developed,mech power fed, torque provided by primemover\n",
+      "\n",
+      "phi=32*10**-3     #flux/pole\n",
+      "n=1600         #speed in rpm\n",
+      "Z=728         #no of conductors\n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "A=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_a=phi*n*Z*(p/A)/60 \n",
+      "I_a=100 \n",
+      "P_e=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P_e,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "P_m=P_e \n",
+      "print(P_m,'mechanical power(W) fed') \n",
+      "w_m=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T=P_m/w_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'primemover torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(62122.66666666667, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(62122.66666666667, 'mechanical power(W) fed')\n",
+        "(370.7673554268794, 'primemover torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.9 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine peak value of fundamental mmf\n",
+      " \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=300.0 \n",
+      "p=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "P=400*1000.0     #power\n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_L=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "I_P=I_L \n",
+      "I_m=math.sqrt(2)*I_P     #max value of phase current\n",
+      "S=180.0 \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))    #breadth factor\n",
+      "c=8         #conductors/1 coil side\n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "F_m=(4/math.pi)*K_b*(N_ph/p)*I_m \n",
+      "F_peak=(3.0/2)*F_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(F_peak,'peak mmf(AT/pole)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2177.0157210889715, 'peak mmf(AT/pole)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# (a)to calculate field current and flux/pole(b)to calculate open ckt ph and line voltages\n",
+      "# (c)to caculate field current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_peak=1.65 \n",
+      "g=.008 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "K_b=.957 \n",
+      "N_field=364.0/2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_f=B_peak*math.pi*g*P/((4*u_o)*(K_b*N_field)) \n",
+      "print(I_f,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "l=1.02     #rotor length\n",
+      "r=.41/2     #rotor radius\n",
+      "phi=(4/P)*B_peak*l*r \n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n",
+      "N_ph=3*11*P/2 \n",
+      "ga=60/3     #slot angle\n",
+      "m=3 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "E_ph=math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*K_b*f*N_ph*phi \n",
+      "print(E_ph,'E_ph(V)') \n",
+      "E_line=math.sqrt(3)*E_ph\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_line,'E_line(V)') \n",
+      "I_fnew=.75*I_f \n",
+      "print(I_fnew,'I_f(new)(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(189.46570670708599, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.34501499999999996, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n",
+        "(5058.442114926427, 'E_ph(V)')\n",
+        "(8761.478750198738, 'E_line(V)')\n",
+        "(142.0992800303145, 'I_f(new)(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.11 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find fundamental mmf wave,speed and its peak value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p=4.0\n",
+      "S=60.0 \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))      #breadth factor\n",
+      "I_L=48 \n",
+      "I_P=I_L/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_Pmax=I_P*math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "c=24         #conductors\n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "F_m=(4/math.pi)*K_b*(N_ph/p)*I_Pmax \n",
+      "print(F_m,'F_m(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "F_peak=(3/2)*F_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(F_peak,'F_peak(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "n=120*f/P \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2864.325776100667, 'F_m(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(2864.325776100667, 'F_peak(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(1500, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate resultant air gap flux/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "F1=400.0 \n",
+      "F2=850.0 \n",
+      "a=123.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Fr=math.sqrt(F1**2+F2**2+2*F1*F2*math.cos(math.radians(a))) \n",
+      "P=1.408*10**-4         #permeance/pole\n",
+      "phi_r=P*Fr \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(phi_r,'air gap flux/pole(Wb)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.10017539016595711, 'air gap flux/pole(Wb)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.13 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#To calculate resultant AT/pole and peak air gap flux density, rotor AT/pole, stator AT and its angle with the resultant AT, stator currrent\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ph=3.0 \n",
+      "S=36.0 \n",
+      "c=8.0*2 \n",
+      "p=4.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "ga=180.0*p/S \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))      #breadth factor\n",
+      "V_L=400 \n",
+      "V_ph=V_L/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "phi_r=V_ph/(4.44*K_b*f*N_ph) \n",
+      "print(phi_r,'phi_r(Wb/pole)') \n",
+      "D=.16 \n",
+      "l=0.12 \n",
+      "PA=math.pi*l*D/4         #pole area\n",
+      "B_rav=phi_r/PA \n",
+      "B_rpeak=(math.pi/2)*B_rav \n",
+      "g=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "F_r=g*B_rpeak/u_o \n",
+      "print(F_r,'F_r(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "T=60         #torque(Nm)\n",
+      "d=26 \n",
+      "F2=T/((math.pi/2)*(p/2)**2*phi_r*math.sin(math.radians(d))) \n",
+      "print(F2,'F2(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "F1=math.sqrt(F2**2+F_r**2-2*F2*F_r*math.sin(math.radians(d))) \n",
+      "print(F1,'F1(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.acos((F1**2+F_r**2-F2**2)/(2*F1*F_r)))\n",
+      "print(w,'angle(deg)') \n",
+      "K_w=K_b \n",
+      "I_a=F1/((3/2)*(4*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)*K_w*(N_ph/p))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_a,'I_a(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.01099635147629408, 'phi_r(Wb/pole)')\n",
+        "(1823.0455139875667, 'F_r(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(1980.9832697544216, 'F2(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(2020.2729202496512, 'F1(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(61.80134857667341, 'angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(47.44026875335716, 'I_a(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.14, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine in F2,peak rotor AT, max torque, ele i/p at max torque(motoring mode),open ckt voltage(generating mode)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('motoring mode') \n",
+      "K_w=.976 \n",
+      "N_pole=746 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "I_f=20 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F2=(4/math.pi)*K_w*(N_pole/p)*I_f \n",
+      "print(F2,'F2(AT)') \n",
+      "B_r=1.6 \n",
+      "D=.29 \n",
+      "l=.35 \n",
+      "T_max=(p/2)*(math.pi*D*l/2)*F2*B_r \n",
+      "print(T_max,'T_max') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "w_m=4*math.pi*f/p \n",
+      "P_in=T_max*w_m \n",
+      "print(P_in,'P_in(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('generating mode') \n",
+      "m=S/(3*p) \n",
+      "ga=180*p/S \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(30))/(3*math.sin(math.radians(15.0/2))) \n",
+      "K_w=K_b \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "phi_r=((2*D*l/p)*(u_o/g))*F2 \n",
+      "N_ph=20*p*4/2 \n",
+      "E_ph=4.44*K_b*f*N_ph*phi_r \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_ph \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_l,'E_l(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "motoring mode\n",
+        "(4622.77627986085, 'F2(AT)')\n",
+        "(2358.515712, 'T_max')\n",
+        "(370474.781709765, 'P_in(W)')\n",
+        "generating mode\n",
+        "(11579.863937164595, 'E_l(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.15, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find motor speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1500.0         #speed of sync generator\n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "f=n*p/120 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "p_im=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p_im \n",
+      "s=0.05         #slip\n",
+      "n_im=(1-s)*n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_im,'speed of induction motor(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(950.0, 'speed of induction motor(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.16, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find voltage available b/w slip rings and its freq\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)') \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "p=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p \n",
+      "n=-1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "f_s=f*s \n",
+      "print(f_s,'slip freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "v2=100 \n",
+      "V2=s*v2 \n",
+      "print(V2,'slip ring voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)') \n",
+      "n=1500 \n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "f_s=abs(f*s) \n",
+      "print(f_s,'slip freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "v2=100 \n",
+      "V2=s*v2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V2,'slip ring voltage(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)\n",
+        "(100.0, 'slip freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(200.0, 'slip ring voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(b)\n",
+        "(25.0, 'slip freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(-50.0, 'slip ring voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find no of poles, slip and freq of rotor currents at full load, motor speed at twice of full load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n_s=600.0\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "print(p,'no of poles') \n",
+      "n=576.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "print(s,'slip') \n",
+      "f2=s*f \n",
+      "n_r=s*n_s \n",
+      "print(n_r,'rotor speed wrt rotating field(rpm)') \n",
+      "ss=f2*s \n",
+      "n=(1-ss)*n_s \n",
+      "print(n,'motor speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "nn=528 \n",
+      "s_old=s \n",
+      "s_new=(n_s-nn)/n_s \n",
+      "fac=s_new/s_old \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(fac,'factor is') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(6.0, 'no of poles')\n",
+        "(0.04, 'slip')\n",
+        "(24.0, 'rotor speed wrt rotating field(rpm)')\n",
+        "(552.0, 'motor speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(3.0, 'factor is')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate amplitude of travelling wave mmf,peak value of air flux density, velocity of wave, current freq at some desired velocity\n",
+      " \n",
+      "K_w=.925 \n",
+      "N_ph=48 \n",
+      "I=750.0/math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "wndnglgth=2 \n",
+      "wavelgth=wndnglgth/0.5 \n",
+      "p=2*wavelgth \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F_peak=(3.0/2)*(4*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)*K_w*(N_ph/p)*I \n",
+      "print(F_peak,'F_peak(A/m)') \n",
+      "g=.01 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "B_peak=u_o*F_peak/g \n",
+      "print(B_peak,'B_peak(T)') \n",
+      "f=25 \n",
+      "B=.5 \n",
+      "v=f*B     \n",
+      "print(v,'velocity(m/s)') \n",
+      "vv=72*10**3/3600         #given velocity\n",
+      "f=vv/0.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(f,'freq(Hz)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(7949.789407440174, 'F_peak(A/m)')\n",
+        "(0.9990000000000002, 'B_peak(T)')\n",
+        "(12.5, 'velocity(m/s)')\n",
+        "(40.0, 'freq(Hz)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05_2.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..3103dd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter05_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,890 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 05 : Basic concepts in rotating machines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate harmanic factor for stator\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=36.0     #no of slots\n",
+      "q=3.0      #no of phases\n",
+      "p=4.0      #no of poles\n",
+      "m=S/(q*p)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #gamma elec\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def bfctr(n):\n",
+      "    k=math.sin(math.radians(m*n*g/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(n*g/2))) \n",
+      "    return k\n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(1) \n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(fundamental)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(3.0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(third harmonic)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K_b=bfctr(5.0) \n",
+      "print(K_b,'K_b(fifth harmonic)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9597950805239389, 'K_b(fundamental)')\n",
+        "(0.6666666666666667, 'K_b(third harmonic)')\n",
+        "(0.21756788155537973, 'K_b(fifth harmonic)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the frequency and phase and line voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=375.0         #speed in rpm\n",
+      "p=16.0         #no of poles\n",
+      "f=n*p/120.0 \n",
+      "print(f,'freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "S=144.0         #no of slots\n",
+      "c=10.0         #no of conductors/slot\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "t=S*c/2         #no of turns\n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "N_ph=t/ph     #no of turns/ph\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #slots angle\n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "phi=0.04     #flux per pole\n",
+      "E_p=4.44*K_b*f*N_ph*phi \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_p,'phase voltage(V)') \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_p \n",
+      "print(E_l,'line voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(50.0, 'freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(2045.5152756126188, 'phase voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(3542.936385019311, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the phase and line voltages\n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50     #freq\n",
+      "n=600     #speed in rpm\n",
+      "p=120*f/n \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=4         #slots/pole/ph\n",
+      "S=p*ph*m     #slots\n",
+      "t=12         #turns per coil\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "N_ph=S*t/ph \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "cp=10         #coil pitch\n",
+      "pp=S/cp         #pole pitch\n",
+      "theta_sp=(pp-cp)*g     #short pitch angle\n",
+      "K_p=math.cos(math.radians(theta_sp/2))\n",
+      "phi=.035  \n",
+      "E_p=4.44*K_b*K_p*f*N_ph*phi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_p,'phase voltage(V)') \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_p \n",
+      "print(E_l,'line voltage(V)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3695.060690685099, 'phase voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(6400.032853317139, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate flux/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=42 \n",
+      "p=2 \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "g=180*p/S     #slots angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))   #breadth factor\n",
+      "cp=17 \n",
+      "pp=S/p \n",
+      "theta_sp=(pp-cp)*g     #short pitch angle\n",
+      "K_p=math.cos(math.radians(theta_sp/2)) \n",
+      "N_ph=S*2/(ph*p*2)         #2 parallel paths\n",
+      "E_p=2300/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "phi=E_p/(4.44*K_b*K_p*f*N_ph) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9245870891715325, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate  useful flux/pole and ares of pole shoe\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p=1500*1000.0     #power\n",
+      "v=600.0 \n",
+      "I_a=p/v \n",
+      "cu=25*1000     #copper losses\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "R_a=cu/I_a**2 \n",
+      "E_a=v+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n=200 \n",
+      "Z=2500 \n",
+      "p=16 \n",
+      "A=16 \n",
+      "phi=E_a*60*A/(p*n*Z) \n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n",
+      "fd=0.85     #flux density\n",
+      "a=phi/fd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'area of pole shoe(m*m)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0732, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n",
+        "(0.08611764705882353, 'area of pole shoe(m*m)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.6, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate em power developed,mech power fed, torque provided by primemover\n",
+      "\n",
+      "phi=32*10**-3     #flux/pole\n",
+      "n=1600         #speed in rpm\n",
+      "Z=728         #no of conductors\n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "A=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_a=phi*n*Z*(p/A)/60 \n",
+      "I_a=100 \n",
+      "P_e=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P_e,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "P_m=P_e \n",
+      "print(P_m,'mechanical power(W) fed') \n",
+      "w_m=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T=P_m/w_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'primemover torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(62122.66666666667, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(62122.66666666667, 'mechanical power(W) fed')\n",
+        "(370.7673554268794, 'primemover torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.9 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To determine peak value of fundamental mmf\n",
+      " \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=300.0 \n",
+      "p=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "P=400*1000.0     #power\n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_L=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "I_P=I_L \n",
+      "I_m=math.sqrt(2)*I_P     #max value of phase current\n",
+      "S=180.0 \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))    #breadth factor\n",
+      "c=8         #conductors/1 coil side\n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "F_m=(4/math.pi)*K_b*(N_ph/p)*I_m \n",
+      "F_peak=(3.0/2)*F_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(F_peak,'peak mmf(AT/pole)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2177.0157210889715, 'peak mmf(AT/pole)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.10, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# (a)to calculate field current and flux/pole(b)to calculate open ckt ph and line voltages\n",
+      "# (c)to caculate field current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "B_peak=1.65 \n",
+      "g=.008 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "K_b=.957 \n",
+      "N_field=364.0/2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_f=B_peak*math.pi*g*P/((4*u_o)*(K_b*N_field)) \n",
+      "print(I_f,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "l=1.02     #rotor length\n",
+      "r=.41/2     #rotor radius\n",
+      "phi=(4/P)*B_peak*l*r \n",
+      "print(phi,'flux/pole(Wb)') \n",
+      "N_ph=3*11*P/2 \n",
+      "ga=60/3     #slot angle\n",
+      "m=3 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))     #breadth factor\n",
+      "E_ph=math.sqrt(2)*math.pi*K_b*f*N_ph*phi \n",
+      "print(E_ph,'E_ph(V)') \n",
+      "E_line=math.sqrt(3)*E_ph\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_line,'E_line(V)') \n",
+      "I_fnew=.75*I_f \n",
+      "print(I_fnew,'I_f(new)(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(189.46570670708599, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.34501499999999996, 'flux/pole(Wb)')\n",
+        "(5058.442114926427, 'E_ph(V)')\n",
+        "(8761.478750198738, 'E_line(V)')\n",
+        "(142.0992800303145, 'I_f(new)(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.11 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find fundamental mmf wave,speed and its peak value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "p=4.0\n",
+      "S=60.0 \n",
+      "g=180*p/S \n",
+      "ph=3 \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))      #breadth factor\n",
+      "I_L=48 \n",
+      "I_P=I_L/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_Pmax=I_P*math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "c=24         #conductors\n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "F_m=(4/math.pi)*K_b*(N_ph/p)*I_Pmax \n",
+      "print(F_m,'F_m(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "F_peak=(3/2)*F_m \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(F_peak,'F_peak(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "n=120*f/P \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2864.325776100667, 'F_m(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(2864.325776100667, 'F_peak(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(1500, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate resultant air gap flux/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "F1=400.0 \n",
+      "F2=850.0 \n",
+      "a=123.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Fr=math.sqrt(F1**2+F2**2+2*F1*F2*math.cos(math.radians(a))) \n",
+      "P=1.408*10**-4         #permeance/pole\n",
+      "phi_r=P*Fr \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(phi_r,'air gap flux/pole(Wb)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.10017539016595711, 'air gap flux/pole(Wb)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.13 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#To calculate resultant AT/pole and peak air gap flux density, rotor AT/pole, stator AT and its angle with the resultant AT, stator currrent\n",
+      "\n",
+      "ph=3.0 \n",
+      "S=36.0 \n",
+      "c=8.0*2 \n",
+      "p=4.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "N_ph=S*c/(ph*2)       #turns/phase\n",
+      "ga=180.0*p/S \n",
+      "m=S/(p*ph)     #slots/pole/phase\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(m*g/2.0))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(g/2)))      #breadth factor\n",
+      "V_L=400 \n",
+      "V_ph=V_L/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "phi_r=V_ph/(4.44*K_b*f*N_ph) \n",
+      "print(phi_r,'phi_r(Wb/pole)') \n",
+      "D=.16 \n",
+      "l=0.12 \n",
+      "PA=math.pi*l*D/4         #pole area\n",
+      "B_rav=phi_r/PA \n",
+      "B_rpeak=(math.pi/2)*B_rav \n",
+      "g=2*10**-3 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "F_r=g*B_rpeak/u_o \n",
+      "print(F_r,'F_r(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "T=60         #torque(Nm)\n",
+      "d=26 \n",
+      "F2=T/((math.pi/2)*(p/2)**2*phi_r*math.sin(math.radians(d))) \n",
+      "print(F2,'F2(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "F1=math.sqrt(F2**2+F_r**2-2*F2*F_r*math.sin(math.radians(d))) \n",
+      "print(F1,'F1(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.acos((F1**2+F_r**2-F2**2)/(2*F1*F_r)))\n",
+      "print(w,'angle(deg)') \n",
+      "K_w=K_b \n",
+      "I_a=F1/((3/2)*(4*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)*K_w*(N_ph/p))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_a,'I_a(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.01099635147629408, 'phi_r(Wb/pole)')\n",
+        "(1823.0455139875667, 'F_r(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(1980.9832697544216, 'F2(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(2020.2729202496512, 'F1(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(61.80134857667341, 'angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(47.44026875335716, 'I_a(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.14, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine in F2,peak rotor AT, max torque, ele i/p at max torque(motoring mode),open ckt voltage(generating mode)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('motoring mode') \n",
+      "K_w=.976 \n",
+      "N_pole=746 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "I_f=20 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F2=(4/math.pi)*K_w*(N_pole/p)*I_f \n",
+      "print(F2,'F2(AT)') \n",
+      "B_r=1.6 \n",
+      "D=.29 \n",
+      "l=.35 \n",
+      "T_max=(p/2)*(math.pi*D*l/2)*F2*B_r \n",
+      "print(T_max,'T_max') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "w_m=4*math.pi*f/p \n",
+      "P_in=T_max*w_m \n",
+      "print(P_in,'P_in(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('generating mode') \n",
+      "m=S/(3*p) \n",
+      "ga=180*p/S \n",
+      "K_b=math.sin(math.radians(30))/(3*math.sin(math.radians(15.0/2))) \n",
+      "K_w=K_b \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "phi_r=((2*D*l/p)*(u_o/g))*F2 \n",
+      "N_ph=20*p*4/2 \n",
+      "E_ph=4.44*K_b*f*N_ph*phi_r \n",
+      "E_l=math.sqrt(3)*E_ph \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_l,'E_l(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "motoring mode\n",
+        "(4622.77627986085, 'F2(AT)')\n",
+        "(2358.515712, 'T_max')\n",
+        "(370474.781709765, 'P_in(W)')\n",
+        "generating mode\n",
+        "(11579.863937164595, 'E_l(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.15, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find motor speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1500.0         #speed of sync generator\n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "f=n*p/120 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "p_im=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p_im \n",
+      "s=0.05         #slip\n",
+      "n_im=(1-s)*n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_im,'speed of induction motor(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(950.0, 'speed of induction motor(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.16, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find voltage available b/w slip rings and its freq\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)') \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "p=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p \n",
+      "n=-1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "f_s=f*s \n",
+      "print(f_s,'slip freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "v2=100 \n",
+      "V2=s*v2 \n",
+      "print(V2,'slip ring voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)') \n",
+      "n=1500 \n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "f_s=abs(f*s) \n",
+      "print(f_s,'slip freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "v2=100 \n",
+      "V2=s*v2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V2,'slip ring voltage(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)\n",
+        "(100.0, 'slip freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(200.0, 'slip ring voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(b)\n",
+        "(25.0, 'slip freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(-50.0, 'slip ring voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find no of poles, slip and freq of rotor currents at full load, motor speed at twice of full load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n_s=600.0\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "print(p,'no of poles') \n",
+      "n=576.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "print(s,'slip') \n",
+      "f2=s*f \n",
+      "n_r=s*n_s \n",
+      "print(n_r,'rotor speed wrt rotating field(rpm)') \n",
+      "ss=f2*s \n",
+      "n=(1-ss)*n_s \n",
+      "print(n,'motor speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "nn=528 \n",
+      "s_old=s \n",
+      "s_new=(n_s-nn)/n_s \n",
+      "fac=s_new/s_old \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(fac,'factor is') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(6.0, 'no of poles')\n",
+        "(0.04, 'slip')\n",
+        "(24.0, 'rotor speed wrt rotating field(rpm)')\n",
+        "(552.0, 'motor speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(3.0, 'factor is')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 5.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate amplitude of travelling wave mmf,peak value of air flux density, velocity of wave, current freq at some desired velocity\n",
+      " \n",
+      "K_w=.925 \n",
+      "N_ph=48 \n",
+      "I=750.0/math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "wndnglgth=2 \n",
+      "wavelgth=wndnglgth/0.5 \n",
+      "p=2*wavelgth \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F_peak=(3.0/2)*(4*math.sqrt(2)/math.pi)*K_w*(N_ph/p)*I \n",
+      "print(F_peak,'F_peak(A/m)') \n",
+      "g=.01 \n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "B_peak=u_o*F_peak/g \n",
+      "print(B_peak,'B_peak(T)') \n",
+      "f=25 \n",
+      "B=.5 \n",
+      "v=f*B     \n",
+      "print(v,'velocity(m/s)') \n",
+      "vv=72*10**3/3600         #given velocity\n",
+      "f=vv/0.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(f,'freq(Hz)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(7949.789407440174, 'F_peak(A/m)')\n",
+        "(0.9990000000000002, 'B_peak(T)')\n",
+        "(12.5, 'velocity(m/s)')\n",
+        "(40.0, 'freq(Hz)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..92d03798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2529 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 07 : Armature Windings"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate no of parrallel path\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=12.0         #no of commutator segments\n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=S/P         #slots\n",
+      "Y_b=2*Y_cs+1 \n",
+      "y_f=Y_b-2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(y_f,'no of parralel path') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'no of parralel path')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find spacing b/w brushes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=22.0 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "U=6         #coil sides/slot\n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "y_f=Y_b-2 \n",
+      "n=(1.0/2)*U*S         #no of commutator segments\n",
+      "A=4         #no of brushes\n",
+      "sp=n/A \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(sp,'spacing b/w adjacent brushes') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(16.5, 'spacing b/w adjacent brushes')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate relevant pitches for wave windings\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=16 \n",
+      "P=6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "U=2 \n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "C=16 \n",
+      "y_c=U*(C-1)/P \n",
+      "y_f=2*y_c-Y_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(y_f,'no of pitches') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'no of pitches')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find distance b/w brushes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=28.0\n",
+      "P=4.0 \n",
+      "U=8.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "c=U*S/2 \n",
+      "y_c=2*(c-1)/P \n",
+      "Y_c=55.0 \n",
+      "C=(P/2)*Y_c+1 \n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "y_f=2*Y_c-Y_b \n",
+      "d=C/P\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(d,'dis b/w brushes') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(27.75, 'dis b/w brushes')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the torque and gross mech power developed \n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "D=.3 \n",
+      "l=.2 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "fd=.4         #flux density\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.pi*(D/p)*l*fd         #flux/pole\n",
+      "n=1500 \n",
+      "Z=400 \n",
+      "A=4 \n",
+      "E_a=phi*n*Z*(p/A)/60 \n",
+      "I_a=25 \n",
+      "mp=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(mp,'gross mech power developed(W)') \n",
+      "T=mp/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque developed(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4712.388980384691, 'gross mech power developed(W)')\n",
+        "(30.00000000000001, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.6, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate ratio of generator speed to motor speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=220.0 \n",
+      "P=4000.0 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "r_a=.4         #armature resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_ag=V+I_a*r_a \n",
+      "E_am=V-I_a*r_a \n",
+      "a=1.1         #phi_m/phi_g\n",
+      "n=(E_ag/E_am)*a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'n_g/n_m') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.1752136752136753, 'n_g/n_m')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.7 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate speed of motor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=230.0 \n",
+      "R_f=115.0         #field resistance\n",
+      "I_f=V/R_f \n",
+      "P_g=100000.0         #electric power (m/c running as generator)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_L=P_g/V \n",
+      "I_a=I_f+I_L \n",
+      "R_a=.08         #armature resitance\n",
+      "E_ag=V+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n_g=750         #speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_m=9000         #m/c running as motor\n",
+      "I_l=P_m/V \n",
+      "I_A=I_l-I_f \n",
+      "E_am=V-I_A*R_a \n",
+      "n_m=(E_am/E_ag)*n_g \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_m,'motor speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(642.6756902233134, 'motor speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.8, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate electomagnetic power and torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "E_a=250 \n",
+      "R_a=.05 \n",
+      "n=3000 \n",
+      "w_m=(n*2*math.pi)/60 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('when terminal voltage is 255V') \n",
+      "V_t=255 \n",
+      "I_a=(V_t-E_a)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P_in,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "T=P_in/w_m \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when terminal voltage is 248V') \n",
+      "V_t=248 \n",
+      "I_a=(E_a-V_t)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(P_in,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "T=P_in/w_m \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "when terminal voltage is 255V\n",
+        "(25000.0, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(79.57747154594767, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "when terminal voltage is 248V\n",
+        "(10000.0, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(31.830988618379067, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.9 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate electomagnetic power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n_f=3000.0         #field speed\n",
+      "n_a=2950.0         #armature speed\n",
+      "E=250.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_a=E*(n_a/n_f) \n",
+      "V_t=250 \n",
+      "R_a=0.05 \n",
+      "I_a=(V_t-E_a)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=V_t*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(P_in,'power(W)') \n",
+      "P=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P,'electromagnetic power(W)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(20833.333333333427, 'power(W)')\n",
+        "(20486.111111111204, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.10 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate cross and demagnetising turns/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=250000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0\n",
+      "I_a=P/V         #armature current\n",
+      "n=6         #no of parallel path\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_c=I_a/n     #conductor current\n",
+      "Z=720         #lap wound conductors\n",
+      "AT_a=(1/2)*Z*I_c/n \n",
+      "\n",
+      "B=2.5*n/2         #brush leadof 2.5 angular degrees(mech) from geo neutral\n",
+      "AT_c=AT_a*(1-(2*B)/180) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(AT_c,'cross magnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "AT_d=AT_a*((2*B)/180) \n",
+      "print(AT_d,'demagnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'cross magnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'demagnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.11 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate no of conductors on each pole piece\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=256 \n",
+      "A=6 \n",
+      "P=6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "r=.71         #ratio of pole arc to pole pitch\n",
+      "N_cw=(Z/(2*A*P))*r    \n",
+      "N_cc=math.ceil(2*N_cw) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_cc,'compensating conductors/pole') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'compensating conductors/pole')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.12, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate no of turns reqd on each interpole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=25000 \n",
+      "V=440 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "Z=846 \n",
+      "A=2 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "B_i=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "l_gi=.003 \n",
+      "AT_i=((I_a*Z)/(2*A*P))+(B_i*l_gi)/u_o \n",
+      "N_i=math.ceil(AT_i/I_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_i,'no of turns') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(75.0, 'no of turns')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.16, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate terminal voltage and rated output current and calculate no of series turns/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=100000.0 \n",
+      "V=200.0 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V \n",
+      "I_f=5 \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "I_se=I_a \n",
+      "N_se=5 \n",
+      "N_f=1200\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_feq=I_f+(N_se/N_f)*I_se \n",
+      "n=1000 \n",
+      "E_a=225 \n",
+      "nn=950 \n",
+      "E_aa=E_a*(nn/n) \n",
+      "R_a=0.03 \n",
+      "R_se=0.004 \n",
+      "V_t=E_aa-I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "print(V_t,'terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "I_fd=0.001875*I_a \n",
+      "V_t=200 \n",
+      "E_a=V_t+I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "E_aa=E_a*(n/nn) \n",
+      "I_fnet=7.5 \n",
+      "N_f=1000 \n",
+      "N_se=math.ceil((I_fnet+I_fd-I_f)*(N_f/I_a)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_se,'no of series turns/pole') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-17.17, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(7.0, 'no of series turns/pole')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.22, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to compute terminal voltage at rated voltage current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_a=0.05 \n",
+      "R_se=.01 \n",
+      "N_f=1000 \n",
+      "N_se=3 \n",
+      "I_sf=5.6         #shunt field current\n",
+      "I_L=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_sf \n",
+      "N=N_f*I_sf+I_a*N_se         #excitation ampere turns\n",
+      "I_freq=N/N_f \n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_a=282 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "nn=1150 \n",
+      "Ea=E_a*(nn/n) \n",
+      "V_t=Ea-I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V_t,'terminal voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-12.336, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.24, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find generator output\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=20000.0 \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "R_a=.16 \n",
+      "vd=I_a*R_a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def output(E_a):\n",
+      "    V_t=E_a-vd \n",
+      "    P_o=I_a*V_t \n",
+      "    print(P_o,'generator output(W)') \n",
+      "    return P_o\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150.0\n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('at speed 1200rpm') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def ratio(E_a):\n",
+      "    Ea=.8*E_a\n",
+      "    return Ea\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(10976.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(19576.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(22776.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at speed 1200rpm\n",
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(8576.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(15456.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(18016.0, 'generator output(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.25, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find power to the load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_L=3 \n",
+      "R_a=.16 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def output(E_a):\n",
+      "    I_a=E_a/(R_a+R_L)  \n",
+      "    P_o=I_a**2*R_L \n",
+      "    print(P_o,'power fed to the load(W)') \n",
+      "    return P_o\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(6759.734016984458, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(19920.56060727447, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(26590.1648373658, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute the generator induced emf when fully loaded in long shunt compound and short shunt compound\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=75000.0 \n",
+      "V_t=250.0 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V_t \n",
+      "R_a=.04 \n",
+      "R_se=.004 \n",
+      "R_f=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('case of long shunt') \n",
+      "I_f=V_t/R_f \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "V_b=2 \n",
+      "E_aLS=V_t+I_a*(R_a+R_se)+V_b \n",
+      "print(E_aLS,'generator induced emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('case of short shunt') \n",
+      "V_b=V_t+I_L*R_se \n",
+      "I_f=V_b/R_f \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "E_aSS=V_t+(I_a*R_a)+2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_aSS,'generator induced emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=(E_aLS-E_aSS)*100/V_t \n",
+      "print(d,'percent diff') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "case of long shunt\n",
+        "(265.31, 'generator induced emf(V)')\n",
+        "case of short shunt\n",
+        "(264.10048, 'generator induced emf(V)')\n",
+        "(0.48380799999999907, 'percent diff')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find field current and field resistance at rated terminal voltage, em power and     torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_o=250         #no load voltage\n",
+      "I_f=1.5 \n",
+      "R_f=V_o/I_f     \n",
+      "print(R_f,'field resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "P=25000 \n",
+      "V_t=220 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V_t \n",
+      "I_a=I_L         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(I_a,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "R_a=.1 \n",
+      "E_a=V_t+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "I_f=1.1 \n",
+      "R_f=V_t/I_f         \n",
+      "print(R_f,'field resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "I_a=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "emp=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(emp,'em power(W)') \n",
+      "n=1600 \n",
+      "emt=emp/(n*2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "print(emt,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_fa=1.25         #actual I_f\n",
+      "I_c=I_fa-I_f \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_c,'I_f needed to counter effect armature current') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(166.66666666666666, 'field resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(113, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(199.99999999999997, 'field resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(25882.47, 'em power(W)')\n",
+        "(154.47461399728832, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.1499999999999999, 'I_f needed to counter effect armature current')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.32, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the reduction of flux/pole due to armature rxn\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "R_a=.7 \n",
+      "def arxn(I_a,n):\n",
+      "    phi=(V-I_a*R_a)/n \n",
+      "    return phi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phinl=arxn(1.6,1250) \n",
+      "print(phinl,'flux/pole no load') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "phil=arxn(40,1150) \n",
+      "print(phil,'flux/pole load') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=(phinl-phil)*100/phinl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(d,'reduction in phi due to armature rxn(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.199104, 'flux/pole no load')\n",
+        "(0.19304347826086957, 'flux/pole load')\n",
+        "(3.0438975305018667, 'reduction in phi due to armature rxn(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.33, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine internal em torque developed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "I_a=85.0\n",
+      "R_a=.18 \n",
+      "E_a=V-I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n=1100 \n",
+      "T=E_a*I_a/(n*2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "T_1=.8*T     \n",
+      "print(T_1,'new torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "#T=K_a'*K_f*I_f*I_a=K_a'*K_f*.8*I_f*I_a1    so\n",
+      "I_a1=I_a/.8 \n",
+      "E_a1=V-I_a1*R_a \n",
+      "#E_a=K_a'*K_f*I_f*n\n",
+      "#E_a1=K_a'*K_f*.8*I_f*n1    so\n",
+      "n1=(E_a1/E_a)*n/.8\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n1,'speed is(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(173.18517475700543, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(138.54813980560434, 'new torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1352.5910737111205, 'speed is(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.34, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed, calculate internal torque developed on load and no load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=220.0\n",
+      "R_f=110.0 \n",
+      "I_f=V/R_f \n",
+      "I_L=5 \n",
+      "I_a0=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "R_a=.25 \n",
+      "E_a0=V-I_a0*R_a \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "T_0=(E_a0*I_a0)/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T_0,'torque at no load(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_L=62 \n",
+      "I_a1=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "E_a1=V-I_a1*R_a \n",
+      "n1=(E_a1/E_a0)*n/.95     \n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T_1=(E_a1*I_a1)/(2*math.pi*n1/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_1-T_0,'torque at on load(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.234208190934708, 'torque at no load(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1181.0598331632962, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(94.21574743682471, 'torque at on load(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.36, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to sketch speed the speed-torque characteristicsof the series motor connectedto mains by calculating speed and torque values at diff values of armature current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ise=[75,100,200,300,400] \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "Ra=.08 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def Eaa(Ise):\n",
+      "\tEa=V-Ra*Ise\n",
+      "\treturn Ea\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def speed(Ea,Eav):\n",
+      "\tnn=n*Ea/Eav\n",
+      "\treturn nn\n",
+      "Eav=[121.5,155,250,283,292] \n",
+      "n=1200.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def torque(nn,Ea,Ise):\n",
+      "\tT=(60*Ea*Ise/(2*math.pi*nn)) \n",
+      "\treturn T\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "Ise=75 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=121.5 \n",
+      "nn1=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T1=torque(nn1,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=100 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=155 \n",
+      "nn2=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T2=torque(nn2,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=200 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=250 \n",
+      "nn3=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T3=torque(nn3,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=300 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=283 \n",
+      "nn4=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T4=torque(nn4,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=400 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=292 \n",
+      "nn5=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T5=torque(nn5,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "nn=[nn1,nn2,nn3,nn4,nn5] \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=[T1,T2,T3,T4,T5] \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([2409.8765432098767, 1873.5483870967741, 1123.2, 958.303886925795, 895.8904109589041], 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "([72.51497094624482, 123.34508089621889, 397.88735772973837, 675.6127334250957, 929.4648676566688], 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.37, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the power delivered to the fan,torque developed by the motor and calculate external resistance to be added to armature ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=220 \n",
+      "Ra=.6 \n",
+      "Rse=.4 \n",
+      "Ia=30 \n",
+      "Ea=V-(Ra+Rse)*Ia \n",
+      "P=Ea*Ia     \n",
+      "print(P,'Power(W)') \n",
+      "n=400 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T=P/w     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "nn=200 \n",
+      "T1=T*(nn/n)**2 \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*nn/n \n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*nn/60 \n",
+      "P1=T1*w1 \n",
+      "print(P1,'power developed when n=200 rpm((W))') \n",
+      "Ea1=P1/Iaa \n",
+      "Rext=(V-Ea1)/Iaa-(Ra+Rse) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5700.0, 'Power(W)')\n",
+        "(136.0774763435705, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'power developed when n=200 rpm((W))')\n",
+        "(13.666666666666666, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.38, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to determine the starting torque developed\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=180000.0 \n",
+      "V=600.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/V \n",
+      "Ra=.105 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=600.0 \n",
+      "nn=500.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Eaa=Ea*nn/n \n",
+      "Iaa=282     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "Iad=Ia-Iaa \n",
+      "Ias=500     #at start\n",
+      "k=Iad/Ia**2 \n",
+      "Iae=Ias-Iad*k \n",
+      "Eas=590     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "Ts=Eas*Ias/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ts,'T_start(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5634.084985453095, 'T_start(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.39, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed and mech power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "k=.2*10**-3 \n",
+      "Ia=250 \n",
+      "Iad=k*Ia**2 \n",
+      "Ianet=Ia-Iad \n",
+      "Ea=428     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "V=600 \n",
+      "Ra=.105\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Eaact=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=500 \n",
+      "nn=n*Eaact/Ea \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "Pmech=Eaact*Ia \n",
+      "print(Pmech,'mech power debeloped(W)') \n",
+      "T=Pmech/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(670.268691588785, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(143437.5, 'mech power debeloped(W)')\n",
+        "(2043.5494692999362, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.40, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the mmf per pole on no load and speed developed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "ATsefl=2400.0 \n",
+      "ATsenl=(3.0/25)*ATsefl \n",
+      "ATsh=ATsefl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "ATnet=ATsenl+ATsh \n",
+      "print(ATnet,'mmf/pole(AT)') \n",
+      "Ea=148     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "V=240 \n",
+      "vd=3 \n",
+      "Eanl=V-vd \n",
+      "n=850 \n",
+      "nnl=n*Eanl/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nnl,'speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2688.0, 'mmf/pole(AT)')\n",
+        "(1361, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.41, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate demagnetisising ampeare turns, em torque,starting torque and no of turns of the series field\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=10000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=240.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/Vt \n",
+      "If=.6 \n",
+      "Ra=.18 \n",
+      "Ri=0.025 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Ia*(Ra+Ri) \n",
+      "n=1218 \n",
+      "Eaa=Ea*Vt/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iff=.548     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "Ifd=If-Iff \n",
+      "N_s=2000     #shunt field turns\n",
+      "ATd=N_s*Ifd     \n",
+      "print(ATd,'demagnetising ampere turns') \n",
+      "T=Ea*Ia/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "Rf=320 \n",
+      "If=Vt/Rf \n",
+      "ATd=165     #given\n",
+      "Ifd=ATd/N_s \n",
+      "Ifnet=If-Ifd \n",
+      "n=1150     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "#Ea=Ka*phi*w     Ka*phi=k\n",
+      "k=Vt/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "Iastart=75 \n",
+      "Tstart=Iastart*k \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tstart,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "n_0=1250 \n",
+      "Ea=240 \n",
+      "If=.56     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "Rse=.04 \n",
+      "R=Rse+Ra+Ri \n",
+      "Eaa=Ea-Ia*R \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/Eaa \n",
+      "Ifnet=.684     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "Ifd=Ifnet-If \n",
+      "Nse=N_s*Ifd/Ia     \n",
+      "print(math.ceil(Nse),'no of turns of the series field') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(103.99999999999987, 'demagnetising ampere turns')\n",
+        "(75.61112042243762, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(149.467250903693, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(6.0, 'no of turns of the series field')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.43, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the no of starter sections reqd,and resistance of each section\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=55.0 \n",
+      "I2=35.0 \n",
+      "g=I1/I2 \n",
+      "V1=220.0 \n",
+      "R1=V1/I1 \n",
+      "Ra=.4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=math.log((R1/Ra)-g)+1 \n",
+      "print((n),'no of starter sections reqd') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def res(re):\n",
+      "\tR=(1.0/g)*re \n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_1=R1-res(R1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(R_1,'R1(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_2=res(R_1) \n",
+      "print(R_2,'R2(ohm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3.1316272948504063, 'no of starter sections reqd')\n",
+        "(1.4545454545454546, 'R1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.9256198347107438, 'R2(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.44, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the lower current limit, motor speed at each stud\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pop=25.0*1000 \n",
+      "Vt=230.0\n",
+      "Ra=.12 \n",
+      "rf=120.0 \n",
+      "Nfl=2000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iafl=Pop/Vt \n",
+      "Iamax=1.5*Iafl \n",
+      "k=5 \n",
+      "I1=Iamax \n",
+      "R1=Vt/I1 \n",
+      "r=(R1/Ra)**(1.0/(k-1)) \n",
+      "I2=I1/r \n",
+      "def res(re):\n",
+      "\tR=(1.0/r)*re\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "R_1=R1-res(R1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(R_1,'R1(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_2=res(R_1) \n",
+      "print(R_2,'R2(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_3=res(R_2) \n",
+      "print(R_3,'R3(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_4=res(R_3) \n",
+      "print(R_4,'R4(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iaf1=103.7 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Iaf1*Ra \n",
+      "Ka=Ea/Nfl \n",
+      "def speed(r):\n",
+      "    Ea=Vt-I2*r \n",
+      "    n=Ea/Ka\n",
+      "    return n\n",
+      "r1=R1 \n",
+      "n1=speed(r1) \n",
+      "print(n1,'n1(rpm)') \n",
+      "r2=r1-R_1 \n",
+      "n2=speed(r2) \n",
+      "print(n2,'n2(rpm)') \n",
+      "r3=r2-R_2 \n",
+      "n3=speed(r3) \n",
+      "print(n3,'n3(rpm)') \n",
+      "r4=r3-R_3 \n",
+      "n4=speed(r4) \n",
+      "print(n4,'n4(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.6488269413387042, 'R1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.3504032174680013, 'R2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.189237540843471, 'R3(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.10219896701649034, 'R4(ohm)')\n",
+        "(972.5036432479316, 'n1(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1497.7105726801958, 'n2(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1781.351997202184, 'n3(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1934.534396741029, 'n4(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.45, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the ratio of full load speed to no load speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Rf=200.0 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Inl=5.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_a0=Inl-If \n",
+      "vd=2     #voltage drop\n",
+      "Ra=.18 \n",
+      "E_a0=V-Ra*I_a0-vd \n",
+      "Ifl=68.3 \n",
+      "Iafl=Ifl-If \n",
+      "E_afl=V-Ra*Iafl-vd \n",
+      "e=.03     #armature rxn weakens the field by 3%\n",
+      "k=(E_afl/E_a0)*(1/(1-e)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(k,'n_fl/n_nl') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.0016463628395236, 'n_fl/n_nl')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.46, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate load torque, motor speed and line current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "Rf=41.67 \n",
+      "If1=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=126.0 \n",
+      "Ia1=Ia-If1 \n",
+      "Ra=.03 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ra*Ia1 \n",
+      "n1=1105     #rpm\n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Ka=Ea1/(If1*w1) \n",
+      "T=Ka*If1*Ia1 \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If2=5 \n",
+      "Ia2=Ia1*(If1/If2) \n",
+      "I_L2=Ia2+2 \n",
+      "print(I_L2,'motor current(A) initial') \n",
+      "Ea2=V-Ra*Ia2 \n",
+      "w2=Ea2/(Ka*If2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If1=6 \n",
+      "Voc1=267 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "k1=Voc1/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "If1=5 \n",
+      "Voc2=250 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "k2=Voc2/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "Ia2=Ia1*(k1/k2) \n",
+      "I_L2=Ia2+2 \n",
+      "print(I_L2,'motor current(A) final') \n",
+      "Ea2=V-Ra*Ia2 \n",
+      "w2=Ea2/k2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(w2,'motor speed(rad/s)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(255.52462829375477, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(145.98905682937735, 'motor current(A) initial')\n",
+        "(130.16051259899209, 'motor current(A) final')\n",
+        "(123.73109114425752, 'motor speed(rad/s)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.47, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature current,speed and value of external resistance in field ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0\n",
+      "Ia=5.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.6 \n",
+      "n=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "k=(V-Ia*Ra)/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "T=100.0 \n",
+      "Ia=T/k \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "w_m=(V-Ia*Ra)/k \n",
+      "n=(60*w_m)/(2*math.pi) \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Rf=150 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "kk=k/If \n",
+      "Iaa=44.8 \n",
+      "nn=1200 \n",
+      "Iff=(V-Iaa*Ra)/(kk*2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "Rftot=V/Iff \n",
+      "Rfext=Rftot-Rf \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rfext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(42.396661991765086, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(909.1579060928783, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(49.26496952312658, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.48, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed and torque of the motor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ra=0.035 \n",
+      "Rf=0.015 \n",
+      "V=220 \n",
+      "I=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Ra+Rf) \n",
+      "print('full field winding') \n",
+      "n=900 \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/V \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I/2)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "print('field winding reduced to half') \n",
+      "Rse=Rf/2 \n",
+      "Rtot=Rse+Ra \n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Rtot) \n",
+      "Iff=I/2 \n",
+      "V=150     #from magnetisation characteristic\n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/V \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('divertor across series field') \n",
+      "Ra=0.03 \n",
+      "Rse=.015 \n",
+      "Kd=1/((Rse/Ra)+1) \n",
+      "Ise=Kd*I \n",
+      "V1=192 \n",
+      "I1=150 \n",
+      "V2=150 \n",
+      "I2=100 \n",
+      "v=V2+((V1-V2)/(I1-I2))*(Ise-I2) \n",
+      "R=(2/3)*Rse \n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Ra+R) \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/v \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "full field winding\n",
+        "(859.0909090909091, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(233.42724986811317, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "field winding reduced to half\n",
+        "(1269.0, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(318.3098861837907, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "divertor across series field\n",
+        "(864.0, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(318.3098861837907, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.50, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed regulation, load speed and power regulation and compare power wasted in both cases\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=230.0 \n",
+      "Ra=2.0 \n",
+      "Ia=5.0 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=1250.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "k=Ea/w     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "Re=15 \n",
+      "Ia0=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia0*(Ra+Re) \n",
+      "w0=Ea/k \n",
+      "Ia=5 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*(Ra+Re) \n",
+      "w=Ea/k \n",
+      "wr=(w0-w)*100/w \n",
+      "print(wr,'(i)speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "R1=10 \n",
+      "R2=15 \n",
+      "B=R2/(R1+R2) \n",
+      "V_TH=V*B \n",
+      "R_TH=R1*B \n",
+      "Ea=V_TH-Ia0*(R_TH+Ra) \n",
+      "w0=Ea/k \n",
+      "Ia=5 \n",
+      "Ea=V_TH-Ia*(R_TH+Ra) \n",
+      "w=Ea/k  \n",
+      "wr=(w0-w)*100/w \n",
+      "print(wr,'(ii)speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=Ia**2*Re \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'power loss by rheostat control(W)') \n",
+      "Ra=2 \n",
+      "Ea=98 \n",
+      "Va=Ea+Ra*Ia \n",
+      "P2=Va**2/R2 \n",
+      "I2=Va/R2 \n",
+      "I1=I2+Ia \n",
+      "P1=I1**2*R1 \n",
+      "Pe=P1+P2 \n",
+      "print(Pe,'power loss by shunted armature control(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(46.896551724137936, '(i)speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(-80.0, '(ii)speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(375, 'power loss by rheostat control(W)')\n",
+        "(2217, 'power loss by shunted armature control(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.52, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine armature current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n1=1600.0 \n",
+      "Ia1=120.0 \n",
+      "n2=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia2=(n1*Ia1)/n2     #P=K*Ia*n\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ia2,'Ia(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(480.0, 'Ia(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.54, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to find speed and ratio of mech o/p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.25 \n",
+      "Ia1=25.0 \n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ra*Ia1 \n",
+      "n1=1200 \n",
+      "Rr=2.75 \n",
+      "Ia2=15 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea2=V-(Ra+Rr)*Ia2 \n",
+      "phi=.7     #phi=(phi(15)/phi(25))\n",
+      "n2=(Ea2/Ea1)*n1/phi \n",
+      "print(n2,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Po2=Ea2*I2 \n",
+      "Po1=Ea1*I1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Po2/Po1,'ratio of mech o/p') \n",
+      "Ia=120     #Ia is constant indep of speed\n",
+      "print(Ia,'Ia(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1545.578231292517, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(0.5259259259259259, 'ratio of mech o/p')\n",
+        "(120, 'Ia(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.55, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the armature voltage reqd\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=500.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.28 \n",
+      "Ia1=128.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia1*Ra \n",
+      "#(Vt2-.28*Ia2)-->n1/math.sqrt(2)    (i)\n",
+      "#Ea1-->n1    (ii)\n",
+      "Vt2=(Ea1/math.sqrt(2))+(Ia1*Ra) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Vt2,'armature voltage(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(364.05068355554783, 'armature voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.57, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate m/c eff as a generator and max eff when generating and motoring.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pop=10*1000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=250.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.8 \n",
+      "Rf=275.0 \n",
+      "Ia=3.91 \n",
+      "Psh=Vt**2/Rf \n",
+      "Prot=Vt*Ia-Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Pop/Vt \n",
+      "If=Vt/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I1+If \n",
+      "Ploss=Prot+Psh+Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Eff_gen=(1-Ploss/(Ploss+Pop))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_gen,'generator eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=I1-If \n",
+      "Ploss=Prot+Psh+Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Eff_motor=(1-Ploss/(Pop))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_motor,'motor eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt((Prot+Psh)/Ra) \n",
+      "Ploss_tot=2*(Prot+Psh) \n",
+      "print(Ploss_tot,'total loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Ia-If \n",
+      "Pout=Vt*I1 \n",
+      "Eff_gen_max=((1-Ploss_tot/(Ploss_tot+Pout)))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_gen_max,'max generator eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Ia+If \n",
+      "Pin=Vt*I1 \n",
+      "Eff_motor_max=((1-Ploss_tot/(Pin)))*100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Eff_motor_max,'max motor eff(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(965.2695199999999, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(79.799637649488, 'generator eff(%)')\n",
+        "(75.84978413884296, 'motor eff(%)')\n",
+        "(2385.0844945454546, 'total loss(W)')\n",
+        "(79.80476689843074, 'max generator eff(%)')\n",
+        "(75.85848385798421, 'max motor eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.59, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine rotational loss, no load armature current and speed and also find speed regulation and to calculate armature current for given em torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pout=60.0*1000 \n",
+      "eff=.85 \n",
+      "P_L=((1.0/eff)-1)*Pout \n",
+      "Pin=Pout+P_L \n",
+      "V=600.0\n",
+      "I_L=Pin/V \n",
+      "Rf=100 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I_L-If \n",
+      "Ra=.16 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=900 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Prot=P_L-Ia**2*Ra-V*If \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iao=Prot/V \n",
+      "print(Iao,'no load armature current(A)') \n",
+      "Eao=V \n",
+      "n0=n*Eao/Ea \n",
+      "print(n0,'no load speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "reg=(n0-n)*100.0/n \n",
+      "print(reg,'speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K=Ea/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #K=Ka*phi\n",
+      "T=600 \n",
+      "Ia=T/K \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ia,'reqd armature current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4993.824775086507, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(8.323041291810844, 'no load armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(927.617538640626, 'no load speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(3.0686154045139977, 'speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(97.13988149114788, 'reqd armature current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.60, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine load torque and motor eff,armature current for max motor eff and ots value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "Ia=35.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.5 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "Poutg=Ea*Ia \n",
+      "Prot=500 \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "n=1250 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T_L=Pout_net/w \n",
+      "print(T_L,'load torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Rf=250.0 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "I_L=If+Ia \n",
+      "Pin=I_L*V \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net*100/Pin \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pk=Prot+V*If \n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt(Pk/Ra) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "Tloss=2*Pk \n",
+      "I_L=If+Ia \n",
+      "Pin=I_L*V \n",
+      "eff_max=1-(Tloss/Pin) \n",
+      "print(eff_max*100,'max efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n1=n*Ea1/Ea \n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Poutg=Ea1*Ia \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "T_L=Pout_net/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_L,'load torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(58.34620213748883, 'load torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(84.86111111111111, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(38.72983346207417, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(84.89799861424649, 'max efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(1239.973565962166, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(64.94013105420487, 'load torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.61, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate rotational loss ,armature resistance,eff,line current and speed\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pshaft=20000.0 \n",
+      "eff=.89 \n",
+      "P_L=((1.0/eff)-1)*Pshaft \n",
+      "Pin=Pshaft+P_L \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "I_L=Pin/V \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "Rf=125 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I_L-If \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ploss=P_L/2 \n",
+      "Ra=Ploss/Ia**2 \n",
+      "print(Ra,'armature resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "Psh=V*If \n",
+      "Prot=Ploss-Psh \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "Ea=V-I_L*Ra \n",
+      "n=850 \n",
+      "Ia=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pc=Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "P_L=Pc+Ploss \n",
+      "Pin=V*I_L \n",
+      "eff=(1-P_L/Pin)*100 \n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n1=n*Ea1/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(89.88764044943821, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.16000997913103768, 'armature resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(735.955056179776, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(844.1627038605443, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.62, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate eff of motor and generator\n",
+      " \n",
+      "Iag=60.0 \n",
+      "Ia=15.0 \n",
+      "Iam=Iag+Ia \n",
+      "Vt=250.0 \n",
+      "Ram=.2 \n",
+      "Rag=.2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pstray=.5*(Vt*Ia-Iam**2*Ram-Iag**2*Rag) \n",
+      "Ifm=2 \n",
+      "Pinm=Vt*(Iam+Ifm) \n",
+      "P_Lm=(Pstray+Vt*Ifm)+Iam**2*Ram \n",
+      "eff_M=1-(P_Lm/Pinm) \n",
+      "print(eff_M*100,'efficiency of motor(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iag=60 \n",
+      "Ifg=2.5 \n",
+      "P_Lg=(Pstray+Vt*Ifg)+Iag**2*Rag \n",
+      "Poutg=Vt*Iag \n",
+      "eff_G=1-(P_Lg/(Poutg+P_Lg)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff_G*100,'efficiency of generator(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(86.6103896103896, 'efficiency of motor(%)')\n",
+        "(86.71773377655731, 'efficiency of generator(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.63, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculaate torque constt,value of rotational loss,stalled torque and stalled current of motor, armature current anad eff, motor o/p and eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=6.0\n",
+      "Iao=.0145 \n",
+      "n=12125 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "Ra=4.2 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Iao*Ra \n",
+      "Km=Ea/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Km,'torque constt') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Prot=Ea*Iao \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia_stall=Vt/Ra \n",
+      "print(Ia_stall,'stalled current(A)') \n",
+      "Tstall=Km*Ia_stall \n",
+      "print(Tstall,'stalled torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Poutg=1.6 \n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a)\n",
+      "    if x1>x2 :\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else :\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      " \n",
+      "#Ea*Ia=1.6 \n",
+      "#(Vt-Ra*Ia)*Ia=Poutg \n",
+      "Ia=quad(Ra,-Vt,Poutg) \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "wo=Ea/Km \n",
+      "Proto=Prot*(w/wo)**2 \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "Pi=Vt*Ia \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net/Pi \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "n1=10250 \n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Km=.004513 \n",
+      "Ea1=Km*w1 \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ea1)/Ra \n",
+      "Pout_gross=Ea1*Ia \n",
+      "Prot1=Prot*(n1/n) \n",
+      "Pout_net=Pout_gross-Prot1 \n",
+      "print(Pout_net,'o/p power(W)') \n",
+      "Pin=Vt*Ia \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net/Pin \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.004677462049569034, 'torque constt')\n",
+        "(0.08611695, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1.4285714285714286, 'stalled current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.006682088642241477, 'stalled torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(71.12044194138065, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(1.3331193196856814, 'o/p power(W)')\n",
+        "(80.73587687106667, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07_1.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..92d03798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2529 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 07 : Armature Windings"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate no of parrallel path\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=12.0         #no of commutator segments\n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=S/P         #slots\n",
+      "Y_b=2*Y_cs+1 \n",
+      "y_f=Y_b-2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(y_f,'no of parralel path') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'no of parralel path')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find spacing b/w brushes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=22.0 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "U=6         #coil sides/slot\n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "y_f=Y_b-2 \n",
+      "n=(1.0/2)*U*S         #no of commutator segments\n",
+      "A=4         #no of brushes\n",
+      "sp=n/A \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(sp,'spacing b/w adjacent brushes') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(16.5, 'spacing b/w adjacent brushes')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate relevant pitches for wave windings\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=16 \n",
+      "P=6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "U=2 \n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "C=16 \n",
+      "y_c=U*(C-1)/P \n",
+      "y_f=2*y_c-Y_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(y_f,'no of pitches') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'no of pitches')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find distance b/w brushes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=28.0\n",
+      "P=4.0 \n",
+      "U=8.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "c=U*S/2 \n",
+      "y_c=2*(c-1)/P \n",
+      "Y_c=55.0 \n",
+      "C=(P/2)*Y_c+1 \n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "y_f=2*Y_c-Y_b \n",
+      "d=C/P\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(d,'dis b/w brushes') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(27.75, 'dis b/w brushes')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the torque and gross mech power developed \n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "D=.3 \n",
+      "l=.2 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "fd=.4         #flux density\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.pi*(D/p)*l*fd         #flux/pole\n",
+      "n=1500 \n",
+      "Z=400 \n",
+      "A=4 \n",
+      "E_a=phi*n*Z*(p/A)/60 \n",
+      "I_a=25 \n",
+      "mp=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(mp,'gross mech power developed(W)') \n",
+      "T=mp/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque developed(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4712.388980384691, 'gross mech power developed(W)')\n",
+        "(30.00000000000001, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.6, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate ratio of generator speed to motor speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=220.0 \n",
+      "P=4000.0 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "r_a=.4         #armature resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_ag=V+I_a*r_a \n",
+      "E_am=V-I_a*r_a \n",
+      "a=1.1         #phi_m/phi_g\n",
+      "n=(E_ag/E_am)*a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'n_g/n_m') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.1752136752136753, 'n_g/n_m')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.7 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate speed of motor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=230.0 \n",
+      "R_f=115.0         #field resistance\n",
+      "I_f=V/R_f \n",
+      "P_g=100000.0         #electric power (m/c running as generator)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_L=P_g/V \n",
+      "I_a=I_f+I_L \n",
+      "R_a=.08         #armature resitance\n",
+      "E_ag=V+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n_g=750         #speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_m=9000         #m/c running as motor\n",
+      "I_l=P_m/V \n",
+      "I_A=I_l-I_f \n",
+      "E_am=V-I_A*R_a \n",
+      "n_m=(E_am/E_ag)*n_g \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_m,'motor speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(642.6756902233134, 'motor speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.8, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate electomagnetic power and torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "E_a=250 \n",
+      "R_a=.05 \n",
+      "n=3000 \n",
+      "w_m=(n*2*math.pi)/60 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('when terminal voltage is 255V') \n",
+      "V_t=255 \n",
+      "I_a=(V_t-E_a)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P_in,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "T=P_in/w_m \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when terminal voltage is 248V') \n",
+      "V_t=248 \n",
+      "I_a=(E_a-V_t)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(P_in,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "T=P_in/w_m \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "when terminal voltage is 255V\n",
+        "(25000.0, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(79.57747154594767, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "when terminal voltage is 248V\n",
+        "(10000.0, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(31.830988618379067, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.9 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate electomagnetic power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n_f=3000.0         #field speed\n",
+      "n_a=2950.0         #armature speed\n",
+      "E=250.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_a=E*(n_a/n_f) \n",
+      "V_t=250 \n",
+      "R_a=0.05 \n",
+      "I_a=(V_t-E_a)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=V_t*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(P_in,'power(W)') \n",
+      "P=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P,'electromagnetic power(W)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(20833.333333333427, 'power(W)')\n",
+        "(20486.111111111204, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.10 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate cross and demagnetising turns/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=250000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0\n",
+      "I_a=P/V         #armature current\n",
+      "n=6         #no of parallel path\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_c=I_a/n     #conductor current\n",
+      "Z=720         #lap wound conductors\n",
+      "AT_a=(1/2)*Z*I_c/n \n",
+      "\n",
+      "B=2.5*n/2         #brush leadof 2.5 angular degrees(mech) from geo neutral\n",
+      "AT_c=AT_a*(1-(2*B)/180) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(AT_c,'cross magnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "AT_d=AT_a*((2*B)/180) \n",
+      "print(AT_d,'demagnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'cross magnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'demagnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.11 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate no of conductors on each pole piece\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=256 \n",
+      "A=6 \n",
+      "P=6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "r=.71         #ratio of pole arc to pole pitch\n",
+      "N_cw=(Z/(2*A*P))*r    \n",
+      "N_cc=math.ceil(2*N_cw) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_cc,'compensating conductors/pole') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'compensating conductors/pole')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.12, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate no of turns reqd on each interpole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=25000 \n",
+      "V=440 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "Z=846 \n",
+      "A=2 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "B_i=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "l_gi=.003 \n",
+      "AT_i=((I_a*Z)/(2*A*P))+(B_i*l_gi)/u_o \n",
+      "N_i=math.ceil(AT_i/I_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_i,'no of turns') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(75.0, 'no of turns')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.16, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate terminal voltage and rated output current and calculate no of series turns/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=100000.0 \n",
+      "V=200.0 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V \n",
+      "I_f=5 \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "I_se=I_a \n",
+      "N_se=5 \n",
+      "N_f=1200\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_feq=I_f+(N_se/N_f)*I_se \n",
+      "n=1000 \n",
+      "E_a=225 \n",
+      "nn=950 \n",
+      "E_aa=E_a*(nn/n) \n",
+      "R_a=0.03 \n",
+      "R_se=0.004 \n",
+      "V_t=E_aa-I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "print(V_t,'terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "I_fd=0.001875*I_a \n",
+      "V_t=200 \n",
+      "E_a=V_t+I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "E_aa=E_a*(n/nn) \n",
+      "I_fnet=7.5 \n",
+      "N_f=1000 \n",
+      "N_se=math.ceil((I_fnet+I_fd-I_f)*(N_f/I_a)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_se,'no of series turns/pole') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-17.17, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(7.0, 'no of series turns/pole')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.22, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to compute terminal voltage at rated voltage current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_a=0.05 \n",
+      "R_se=.01 \n",
+      "N_f=1000 \n",
+      "N_se=3 \n",
+      "I_sf=5.6         #shunt field current\n",
+      "I_L=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_sf \n",
+      "N=N_f*I_sf+I_a*N_se         #excitation ampere turns\n",
+      "I_freq=N/N_f \n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_a=282 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "nn=1150 \n",
+      "Ea=E_a*(nn/n) \n",
+      "V_t=Ea-I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V_t,'terminal voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-12.336, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.24, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find generator output\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=20000.0 \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "R_a=.16 \n",
+      "vd=I_a*R_a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def output(E_a):\n",
+      "    V_t=E_a-vd \n",
+      "    P_o=I_a*V_t \n",
+      "    print(P_o,'generator output(W)') \n",
+      "    return P_o\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150.0\n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('at speed 1200rpm') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def ratio(E_a):\n",
+      "    Ea=.8*E_a\n",
+      "    return Ea\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(10976.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(19576.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(22776.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at speed 1200rpm\n",
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(8576.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(15456.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(18016.0, 'generator output(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.25, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find power to the load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_L=3 \n",
+      "R_a=.16 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def output(E_a):\n",
+      "    I_a=E_a/(R_a+R_L)  \n",
+      "    P_o=I_a**2*R_L \n",
+      "    print(P_o,'power fed to the load(W)') \n",
+      "    return P_o\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(6759.734016984458, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(19920.56060727447, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(26590.1648373658, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute the generator induced emf when fully loaded in long shunt compound and short shunt compound\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=75000.0 \n",
+      "V_t=250.0 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V_t \n",
+      "R_a=.04 \n",
+      "R_se=.004 \n",
+      "R_f=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('case of long shunt') \n",
+      "I_f=V_t/R_f \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "V_b=2 \n",
+      "E_aLS=V_t+I_a*(R_a+R_se)+V_b \n",
+      "print(E_aLS,'generator induced emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('case of short shunt') \n",
+      "V_b=V_t+I_L*R_se \n",
+      "I_f=V_b/R_f \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "E_aSS=V_t+(I_a*R_a)+2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_aSS,'generator induced emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=(E_aLS-E_aSS)*100/V_t \n",
+      "print(d,'percent diff') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "case of long shunt\n",
+        "(265.31, 'generator induced emf(V)')\n",
+        "case of short shunt\n",
+        "(264.10048, 'generator induced emf(V)')\n",
+        "(0.48380799999999907, 'percent diff')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find field current and field resistance at rated terminal voltage, em power and     torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_o=250         #no load voltage\n",
+      "I_f=1.5 \n",
+      "R_f=V_o/I_f     \n",
+      "print(R_f,'field resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "P=25000 \n",
+      "V_t=220 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V_t \n",
+      "I_a=I_L         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(I_a,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "R_a=.1 \n",
+      "E_a=V_t+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "I_f=1.1 \n",
+      "R_f=V_t/I_f         \n",
+      "print(R_f,'field resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "I_a=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "emp=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(emp,'em power(W)') \n",
+      "n=1600 \n",
+      "emt=emp/(n*2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "print(emt,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_fa=1.25         #actual I_f\n",
+      "I_c=I_fa-I_f \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_c,'I_f needed to counter effect armature current') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(166.66666666666666, 'field resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(113, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(199.99999999999997, 'field resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(25882.47, 'em power(W)')\n",
+        "(154.47461399728832, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.1499999999999999, 'I_f needed to counter effect armature current')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.32, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the reduction of flux/pole due to armature rxn\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "R_a=.7 \n",
+      "def arxn(I_a,n):\n",
+      "    phi=(V-I_a*R_a)/n \n",
+      "    return phi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phinl=arxn(1.6,1250) \n",
+      "print(phinl,'flux/pole no load') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "phil=arxn(40,1150) \n",
+      "print(phil,'flux/pole load') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=(phinl-phil)*100/phinl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(d,'reduction in phi due to armature rxn(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.199104, 'flux/pole no load')\n",
+        "(0.19304347826086957, 'flux/pole load')\n",
+        "(3.0438975305018667, 'reduction in phi due to armature rxn(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.33, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine internal em torque developed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "I_a=85.0\n",
+      "R_a=.18 \n",
+      "E_a=V-I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n=1100 \n",
+      "T=E_a*I_a/(n*2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "T_1=.8*T     \n",
+      "print(T_1,'new torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "#T=K_a'*K_f*I_f*I_a=K_a'*K_f*.8*I_f*I_a1    so\n",
+      "I_a1=I_a/.8 \n",
+      "E_a1=V-I_a1*R_a \n",
+      "#E_a=K_a'*K_f*I_f*n\n",
+      "#E_a1=K_a'*K_f*.8*I_f*n1    so\n",
+      "n1=(E_a1/E_a)*n/.8\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n1,'speed is(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(173.18517475700543, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(138.54813980560434, 'new torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1352.5910737111205, 'speed is(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.34, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed, calculate internal torque developed on load and no load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=220.0\n",
+      "R_f=110.0 \n",
+      "I_f=V/R_f \n",
+      "I_L=5 \n",
+      "I_a0=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "R_a=.25 \n",
+      "E_a0=V-I_a0*R_a \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "T_0=(E_a0*I_a0)/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T_0,'torque at no load(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_L=62 \n",
+      "I_a1=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "E_a1=V-I_a1*R_a \n",
+      "n1=(E_a1/E_a0)*n/.95     \n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T_1=(E_a1*I_a1)/(2*math.pi*n1/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_1-T_0,'torque at on load(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.234208190934708, 'torque at no load(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1181.0598331632962, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(94.21574743682471, 'torque at on load(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.36, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to sketch speed the speed-torque characteristicsof the series motor connectedto mains by calculating speed and torque values at diff values of armature current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ise=[75,100,200,300,400] \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "Ra=.08 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def Eaa(Ise):\n",
+      "\tEa=V-Ra*Ise\n",
+      "\treturn Ea\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def speed(Ea,Eav):\n",
+      "\tnn=n*Ea/Eav\n",
+      "\treturn nn\n",
+      "Eav=[121.5,155,250,283,292] \n",
+      "n=1200.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def torque(nn,Ea,Ise):\n",
+      "\tT=(60*Ea*Ise/(2*math.pi*nn)) \n",
+      "\treturn T\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "Ise=75 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=121.5 \n",
+      "nn1=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T1=torque(nn1,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=100 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=155 \n",
+      "nn2=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T2=torque(nn2,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=200 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=250 \n",
+      "nn3=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T3=torque(nn3,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=300 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=283 \n",
+      "nn4=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T4=torque(nn4,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=400 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=292 \n",
+      "nn5=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T5=torque(nn5,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "nn=[nn1,nn2,nn3,nn4,nn5] \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=[T1,T2,T3,T4,T5] \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([2409.8765432098767, 1873.5483870967741, 1123.2, 958.303886925795, 895.8904109589041], 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "([72.51497094624482, 123.34508089621889, 397.88735772973837, 675.6127334250957, 929.4648676566688], 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.37, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the power delivered to the fan,torque developed by the motor and calculate external resistance to be added to armature ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=220 \n",
+      "Ra=.6 \n",
+      "Rse=.4 \n",
+      "Ia=30 \n",
+      "Ea=V-(Ra+Rse)*Ia \n",
+      "P=Ea*Ia     \n",
+      "print(P,'Power(W)') \n",
+      "n=400 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T=P/w     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "nn=200 \n",
+      "T1=T*(nn/n)**2 \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*nn/n \n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*nn/60 \n",
+      "P1=T1*w1 \n",
+      "print(P1,'power developed when n=200 rpm((W))') \n",
+      "Ea1=P1/Iaa \n",
+      "Rext=(V-Ea1)/Iaa-(Ra+Rse) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5700.0, 'Power(W)')\n",
+        "(136.0774763435705, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'power developed when n=200 rpm((W))')\n",
+        "(13.666666666666666, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.38, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to determine the starting torque developed\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=180000.0 \n",
+      "V=600.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/V \n",
+      "Ra=.105 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=600.0 \n",
+      "nn=500.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Eaa=Ea*nn/n \n",
+      "Iaa=282     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "Iad=Ia-Iaa \n",
+      "Ias=500     #at start\n",
+      "k=Iad/Ia**2 \n",
+      "Iae=Ias-Iad*k \n",
+      "Eas=590     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "Ts=Eas*Ias/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ts,'T_start(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5634.084985453095, 'T_start(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.39, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed and mech power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "k=.2*10**-3 \n",
+      "Ia=250 \n",
+      "Iad=k*Ia**2 \n",
+      "Ianet=Ia-Iad \n",
+      "Ea=428     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "V=600 \n",
+      "Ra=.105\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Eaact=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=500 \n",
+      "nn=n*Eaact/Ea \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "Pmech=Eaact*Ia \n",
+      "print(Pmech,'mech power debeloped(W)') \n",
+      "T=Pmech/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(670.268691588785, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(143437.5, 'mech power debeloped(W)')\n",
+        "(2043.5494692999362, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.40, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the mmf per pole on no load and speed developed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "ATsefl=2400.0 \n",
+      "ATsenl=(3.0/25)*ATsefl \n",
+      "ATsh=ATsefl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "ATnet=ATsenl+ATsh \n",
+      "print(ATnet,'mmf/pole(AT)') \n",
+      "Ea=148     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "V=240 \n",
+      "vd=3 \n",
+      "Eanl=V-vd \n",
+      "n=850 \n",
+      "nnl=n*Eanl/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nnl,'speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2688.0, 'mmf/pole(AT)')\n",
+        "(1361, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.41, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate demagnetisising ampeare turns, em torque,starting torque and no of turns of the series field\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=10000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=240.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/Vt \n",
+      "If=.6 \n",
+      "Ra=.18 \n",
+      "Ri=0.025 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Ia*(Ra+Ri) \n",
+      "n=1218 \n",
+      "Eaa=Ea*Vt/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iff=.548     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "Ifd=If-Iff \n",
+      "N_s=2000     #shunt field turns\n",
+      "ATd=N_s*Ifd     \n",
+      "print(ATd,'demagnetising ampere turns') \n",
+      "T=Ea*Ia/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "Rf=320 \n",
+      "If=Vt/Rf \n",
+      "ATd=165     #given\n",
+      "Ifd=ATd/N_s \n",
+      "Ifnet=If-Ifd \n",
+      "n=1150     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "#Ea=Ka*phi*w     Ka*phi=k\n",
+      "k=Vt/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "Iastart=75 \n",
+      "Tstart=Iastart*k \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tstart,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "n_0=1250 \n",
+      "Ea=240 \n",
+      "If=.56     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "Rse=.04 \n",
+      "R=Rse+Ra+Ri \n",
+      "Eaa=Ea-Ia*R \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/Eaa \n",
+      "Ifnet=.684     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "Ifd=Ifnet-If \n",
+      "Nse=N_s*Ifd/Ia     \n",
+      "print(math.ceil(Nse),'no of turns of the series field') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(103.99999999999987, 'demagnetising ampere turns')\n",
+        "(75.61112042243762, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(149.467250903693, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(6.0, 'no of turns of the series field')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.43, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the no of starter sections reqd,and resistance of each section\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=55.0 \n",
+      "I2=35.0 \n",
+      "g=I1/I2 \n",
+      "V1=220.0 \n",
+      "R1=V1/I1 \n",
+      "Ra=.4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=math.log((R1/Ra)-g)+1 \n",
+      "print((n),'no of starter sections reqd') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def res(re):\n",
+      "\tR=(1.0/g)*re \n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_1=R1-res(R1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(R_1,'R1(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_2=res(R_1) \n",
+      "print(R_2,'R2(ohm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3.1316272948504063, 'no of starter sections reqd')\n",
+        "(1.4545454545454546, 'R1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.9256198347107438, 'R2(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.44, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the lower current limit, motor speed at each stud\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pop=25.0*1000 \n",
+      "Vt=230.0\n",
+      "Ra=.12 \n",
+      "rf=120.0 \n",
+      "Nfl=2000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iafl=Pop/Vt \n",
+      "Iamax=1.5*Iafl \n",
+      "k=5 \n",
+      "I1=Iamax \n",
+      "R1=Vt/I1 \n",
+      "r=(R1/Ra)**(1.0/(k-1)) \n",
+      "I2=I1/r \n",
+      "def res(re):\n",
+      "\tR=(1.0/r)*re\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "R_1=R1-res(R1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(R_1,'R1(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_2=res(R_1) \n",
+      "print(R_2,'R2(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_3=res(R_2) \n",
+      "print(R_3,'R3(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_4=res(R_3) \n",
+      "print(R_4,'R4(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iaf1=103.7 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Iaf1*Ra \n",
+      "Ka=Ea/Nfl \n",
+      "def speed(r):\n",
+      "    Ea=Vt-I2*r \n",
+      "    n=Ea/Ka\n",
+      "    return n\n",
+      "r1=R1 \n",
+      "n1=speed(r1) \n",
+      "print(n1,'n1(rpm)') \n",
+      "r2=r1-R_1 \n",
+      "n2=speed(r2) \n",
+      "print(n2,'n2(rpm)') \n",
+      "r3=r2-R_2 \n",
+      "n3=speed(r3) \n",
+      "print(n3,'n3(rpm)') \n",
+      "r4=r3-R_3 \n",
+      "n4=speed(r4) \n",
+      "print(n4,'n4(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.6488269413387042, 'R1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.3504032174680013, 'R2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.189237540843471, 'R3(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.10219896701649034, 'R4(ohm)')\n",
+        "(972.5036432479316, 'n1(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1497.7105726801958, 'n2(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1781.351997202184, 'n3(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1934.534396741029, 'n4(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.45, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the ratio of full load speed to no load speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Rf=200.0 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Inl=5.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_a0=Inl-If \n",
+      "vd=2     #voltage drop\n",
+      "Ra=.18 \n",
+      "E_a0=V-Ra*I_a0-vd \n",
+      "Ifl=68.3 \n",
+      "Iafl=Ifl-If \n",
+      "E_afl=V-Ra*Iafl-vd \n",
+      "e=.03     #armature rxn weakens the field by 3%\n",
+      "k=(E_afl/E_a0)*(1/(1-e)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(k,'n_fl/n_nl') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.0016463628395236, 'n_fl/n_nl')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.46, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate load torque, motor speed and line current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "Rf=41.67 \n",
+      "If1=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=126.0 \n",
+      "Ia1=Ia-If1 \n",
+      "Ra=.03 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ra*Ia1 \n",
+      "n1=1105     #rpm\n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Ka=Ea1/(If1*w1) \n",
+      "T=Ka*If1*Ia1 \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If2=5 \n",
+      "Ia2=Ia1*(If1/If2) \n",
+      "I_L2=Ia2+2 \n",
+      "print(I_L2,'motor current(A) initial') \n",
+      "Ea2=V-Ra*Ia2 \n",
+      "w2=Ea2/(Ka*If2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If1=6 \n",
+      "Voc1=267 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "k1=Voc1/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "If1=5 \n",
+      "Voc2=250 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "k2=Voc2/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "Ia2=Ia1*(k1/k2) \n",
+      "I_L2=Ia2+2 \n",
+      "print(I_L2,'motor current(A) final') \n",
+      "Ea2=V-Ra*Ia2 \n",
+      "w2=Ea2/k2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(w2,'motor speed(rad/s)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(255.52462829375477, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(145.98905682937735, 'motor current(A) initial')\n",
+        "(130.16051259899209, 'motor current(A) final')\n",
+        "(123.73109114425752, 'motor speed(rad/s)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.47, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature current,speed and value of external resistance in field ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0\n",
+      "Ia=5.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.6 \n",
+      "n=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "k=(V-Ia*Ra)/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "T=100.0 \n",
+      "Ia=T/k \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "w_m=(V-Ia*Ra)/k \n",
+      "n=(60*w_m)/(2*math.pi) \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Rf=150 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "kk=k/If \n",
+      "Iaa=44.8 \n",
+      "nn=1200 \n",
+      "Iff=(V-Iaa*Ra)/(kk*2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "Rftot=V/Iff \n",
+      "Rfext=Rftot-Rf \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rfext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(42.396661991765086, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(909.1579060928783, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(49.26496952312658, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.48, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed and torque of the motor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ra=0.035 \n",
+      "Rf=0.015 \n",
+      "V=220 \n",
+      "I=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Ra+Rf) \n",
+      "print('full field winding') \n",
+      "n=900 \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/V \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I/2)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "print('field winding reduced to half') \n",
+      "Rse=Rf/2 \n",
+      "Rtot=Rse+Ra \n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Rtot) \n",
+      "Iff=I/2 \n",
+      "V=150     #from magnetisation characteristic\n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/V \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('divertor across series field') \n",
+      "Ra=0.03 \n",
+      "Rse=.015 \n",
+      "Kd=1/((Rse/Ra)+1) \n",
+      "Ise=Kd*I \n",
+      "V1=192 \n",
+      "I1=150 \n",
+      "V2=150 \n",
+      "I2=100 \n",
+      "v=V2+((V1-V2)/(I1-I2))*(Ise-I2) \n",
+      "R=(2/3)*Rse \n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Ra+R) \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/v \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "full field winding\n",
+        "(859.0909090909091, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(233.42724986811317, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "field winding reduced to half\n",
+        "(1269.0, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(318.3098861837907, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "divertor across series field\n",
+        "(864.0, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(318.3098861837907, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.50, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed regulation, load speed and power regulation and compare power wasted in both cases\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=230.0 \n",
+      "Ra=2.0 \n",
+      "Ia=5.0 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=1250.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "k=Ea/w     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "Re=15 \n",
+      "Ia0=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia0*(Ra+Re) \n",
+      "w0=Ea/k \n",
+      "Ia=5 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*(Ra+Re) \n",
+      "w=Ea/k \n",
+      "wr=(w0-w)*100/w \n",
+      "print(wr,'(i)speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "R1=10 \n",
+      "R2=15 \n",
+      "B=R2/(R1+R2) \n",
+      "V_TH=V*B \n",
+      "R_TH=R1*B \n",
+      "Ea=V_TH-Ia0*(R_TH+Ra) \n",
+      "w0=Ea/k \n",
+      "Ia=5 \n",
+      "Ea=V_TH-Ia*(R_TH+Ra) \n",
+      "w=Ea/k  \n",
+      "wr=(w0-w)*100/w \n",
+      "print(wr,'(ii)speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=Ia**2*Re \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'power loss by rheostat control(W)') \n",
+      "Ra=2 \n",
+      "Ea=98 \n",
+      "Va=Ea+Ra*Ia \n",
+      "P2=Va**2/R2 \n",
+      "I2=Va/R2 \n",
+      "I1=I2+Ia \n",
+      "P1=I1**2*R1 \n",
+      "Pe=P1+P2 \n",
+      "print(Pe,'power loss by shunted armature control(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(46.896551724137936, '(i)speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(-80.0, '(ii)speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(375, 'power loss by rheostat control(W)')\n",
+        "(2217, 'power loss by shunted armature control(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.52, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine armature current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n1=1600.0 \n",
+      "Ia1=120.0 \n",
+      "n2=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia2=(n1*Ia1)/n2     #P=K*Ia*n\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ia2,'Ia(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(480.0, 'Ia(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.54, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to find speed and ratio of mech o/p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.25 \n",
+      "Ia1=25.0 \n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ra*Ia1 \n",
+      "n1=1200 \n",
+      "Rr=2.75 \n",
+      "Ia2=15 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea2=V-(Ra+Rr)*Ia2 \n",
+      "phi=.7     #phi=(phi(15)/phi(25))\n",
+      "n2=(Ea2/Ea1)*n1/phi \n",
+      "print(n2,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Po2=Ea2*I2 \n",
+      "Po1=Ea1*I1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Po2/Po1,'ratio of mech o/p') \n",
+      "Ia=120     #Ia is constant indep of speed\n",
+      "print(Ia,'Ia(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1545.578231292517, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(0.5259259259259259, 'ratio of mech o/p')\n",
+        "(120, 'Ia(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.55, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the armature voltage reqd\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=500.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.28 \n",
+      "Ia1=128.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia1*Ra \n",
+      "#(Vt2-.28*Ia2)-->n1/math.sqrt(2)    (i)\n",
+      "#Ea1-->n1    (ii)\n",
+      "Vt2=(Ea1/math.sqrt(2))+(Ia1*Ra) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Vt2,'armature voltage(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(364.05068355554783, 'armature voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.57, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate m/c eff as a generator and max eff when generating and motoring.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pop=10*1000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=250.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.8 \n",
+      "Rf=275.0 \n",
+      "Ia=3.91 \n",
+      "Psh=Vt**2/Rf \n",
+      "Prot=Vt*Ia-Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Pop/Vt \n",
+      "If=Vt/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I1+If \n",
+      "Ploss=Prot+Psh+Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Eff_gen=(1-Ploss/(Ploss+Pop))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_gen,'generator eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=I1-If \n",
+      "Ploss=Prot+Psh+Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Eff_motor=(1-Ploss/(Pop))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_motor,'motor eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt((Prot+Psh)/Ra) \n",
+      "Ploss_tot=2*(Prot+Psh) \n",
+      "print(Ploss_tot,'total loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Ia-If \n",
+      "Pout=Vt*I1 \n",
+      "Eff_gen_max=((1-Ploss_tot/(Ploss_tot+Pout)))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_gen_max,'max generator eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Ia+If \n",
+      "Pin=Vt*I1 \n",
+      "Eff_motor_max=((1-Ploss_tot/(Pin)))*100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Eff_motor_max,'max motor eff(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(965.2695199999999, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(79.799637649488, 'generator eff(%)')\n",
+        "(75.84978413884296, 'motor eff(%)')\n",
+        "(2385.0844945454546, 'total loss(W)')\n",
+        "(79.80476689843074, 'max generator eff(%)')\n",
+        "(75.85848385798421, 'max motor eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.59, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine rotational loss, no load armature current and speed and also find speed regulation and to calculate armature current for given em torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pout=60.0*1000 \n",
+      "eff=.85 \n",
+      "P_L=((1.0/eff)-1)*Pout \n",
+      "Pin=Pout+P_L \n",
+      "V=600.0\n",
+      "I_L=Pin/V \n",
+      "Rf=100 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I_L-If \n",
+      "Ra=.16 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=900 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Prot=P_L-Ia**2*Ra-V*If \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iao=Prot/V \n",
+      "print(Iao,'no load armature current(A)') \n",
+      "Eao=V \n",
+      "n0=n*Eao/Ea \n",
+      "print(n0,'no load speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "reg=(n0-n)*100.0/n \n",
+      "print(reg,'speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K=Ea/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #K=Ka*phi\n",
+      "T=600 \n",
+      "Ia=T/K \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ia,'reqd armature current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4993.824775086507, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(8.323041291810844, 'no load armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(927.617538640626, 'no load speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(3.0686154045139977, 'speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(97.13988149114788, 'reqd armature current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.60, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine load torque and motor eff,armature current for max motor eff and ots value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "Ia=35.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.5 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "Poutg=Ea*Ia \n",
+      "Prot=500 \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "n=1250 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T_L=Pout_net/w \n",
+      "print(T_L,'load torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Rf=250.0 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "I_L=If+Ia \n",
+      "Pin=I_L*V \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net*100/Pin \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pk=Prot+V*If \n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt(Pk/Ra) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "Tloss=2*Pk \n",
+      "I_L=If+Ia \n",
+      "Pin=I_L*V \n",
+      "eff_max=1-(Tloss/Pin) \n",
+      "print(eff_max*100,'max efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n1=n*Ea1/Ea \n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Poutg=Ea1*Ia \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "T_L=Pout_net/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_L,'load torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(58.34620213748883, 'load torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(84.86111111111111, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(38.72983346207417, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(84.89799861424649, 'max efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(1239.973565962166, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(64.94013105420487, 'load torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.61, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate rotational loss ,armature resistance,eff,line current and speed\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pshaft=20000.0 \n",
+      "eff=.89 \n",
+      "P_L=((1.0/eff)-1)*Pshaft \n",
+      "Pin=Pshaft+P_L \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "I_L=Pin/V \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "Rf=125 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I_L-If \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ploss=P_L/2 \n",
+      "Ra=Ploss/Ia**2 \n",
+      "print(Ra,'armature resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "Psh=V*If \n",
+      "Prot=Ploss-Psh \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "Ea=V-I_L*Ra \n",
+      "n=850 \n",
+      "Ia=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pc=Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "P_L=Pc+Ploss \n",
+      "Pin=V*I_L \n",
+      "eff=(1-P_L/Pin)*100 \n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n1=n*Ea1/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(89.88764044943821, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.16000997913103768, 'armature resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(735.955056179776, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(844.1627038605443, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.62, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate eff of motor and generator\n",
+      " \n",
+      "Iag=60.0 \n",
+      "Ia=15.0 \n",
+      "Iam=Iag+Ia \n",
+      "Vt=250.0 \n",
+      "Ram=.2 \n",
+      "Rag=.2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pstray=.5*(Vt*Ia-Iam**2*Ram-Iag**2*Rag) \n",
+      "Ifm=2 \n",
+      "Pinm=Vt*(Iam+Ifm) \n",
+      "P_Lm=(Pstray+Vt*Ifm)+Iam**2*Ram \n",
+      "eff_M=1-(P_Lm/Pinm) \n",
+      "print(eff_M*100,'efficiency of motor(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iag=60 \n",
+      "Ifg=2.5 \n",
+      "P_Lg=(Pstray+Vt*Ifg)+Iag**2*Rag \n",
+      "Poutg=Vt*Iag \n",
+      "eff_G=1-(P_Lg/(Poutg+P_Lg)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff_G*100,'efficiency of generator(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(86.6103896103896, 'efficiency of motor(%)')\n",
+        "(86.71773377655731, 'efficiency of generator(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.63, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculaate torque constt,value of rotational loss,stalled torque and stalled current of motor, armature current anad eff, motor o/p and eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=6.0\n",
+      "Iao=.0145 \n",
+      "n=12125 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "Ra=4.2 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Iao*Ra \n",
+      "Km=Ea/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Km,'torque constt') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Prot=Ea*Iao \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia_stall=Vt/Ra \n",
+      "print(Ia_stall,'stalled current(A)') \n",
+      "Tstall=Km*Ia_stall \n",
+      "print(Tstall,'stalled torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Poutg=1.6 \n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a)\n",
+      "    if x1>x2 :\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else :\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      " \n",
+      "#Ea*Ia=1.6 \n",
+      "#(Vt-Ra*Ia)*Ia=Poutg \n",
+      "Ia=quad(Ra,-Vt,Poutg) \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "wo=Ea/Km \n",
+      "Proto=Prot*(w/wo)**2 \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "Pi=Vt*Ia \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net/Pi \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "n1=10250 \n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Km=.004513 \n",
+      "Ea1=Km*w1 \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ea1)/Ra \n",
+      "Pout_gross=Ea1*Ia \n",
+      "Prot1=Prot*(n1/n) \n",
+      "Pout_net=Pout_gross-Prot1 \n",
+      "print(Pout_net,'o/p power(W)') \n",
+      "Pin=Vt*Ia \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net/Pin \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.004677462049569034, 'torque constt')\n",
+        "(0.08611695, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1.4285714285714286, 'stalled current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.006682088642241477, 'stalled torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(71.12044194138065, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(1.3331193196856814, 'o/p power(W)')\n",
+        "(80.73587687106667, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07_2.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..92d03798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter07_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2529 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 07 : Armature Windings"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate no of parrallel path\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=12.0         #no of commutator segments\n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=S/P         #slots\n",
+      "Y_b=2*Y_cs+1 \n",
+      "y_f=Y_b-2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(y_f,'no of parralel path') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'no of parralel path')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find spacing b/w brushes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=22.0 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "U=6         #coil sides/slot\n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "y_f=Y_b-2 \n",
+      "n=(1.0/2)*U*S         #no of commutator segments\n",
+      "A=4         #no of brushes\n",
+      "sp=n/A \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(sp,'spacing b/w adjacent brushes') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(16.5, 'spacing b/w adjacent brushes')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate relevant pitches for wave windings\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=16 \n",
+      "P=6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "U=2 \n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "C=16 \n",
+      "y_c=U*(C-1)/P \n",
+      "y_f=2*y_c-Y_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(y_f,'no of pitches') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'no of pitches')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find distance b/w brushes\n",
+      "\n",
+      "S=28.0\n",
+      "P=4.0 \n",
+      "U=8.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "c=U*S/2 \n",
+      "y_c=2*(c-1)/P \n",
+      "Y_c=55.0 \n",
+      "C=(P/2)*Y_c+1 \n",
+      "Y_cs=math.floor(S/P) \n",
+      "Y_b=Y_cs*U+1 \n",
+      "y_f=2*Y_c-Y_b \n",
+      "d=C/P\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(d,'dis b/w brushes') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(27.75, 'dis b/w brushes')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.5, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find the torque and gross mech power developed \n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "D=.3 \n",
+      "l=.2 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "fd=.4         #flux density\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.pi*(D/p)*l*fd         #flux/pole\n",
+      "n=1500 \n",
+      "Z=400 \n",
+      "A=4 \n",
+      "E_a=phi*n*Z*(p/A)/60 \n",
+      "I_a=25 \n",
+      "mp=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(mp,'gross mech power developed(W)') \n",
+      "T=mp/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque developed(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4712.388980384691, 'gross mech power developed(W)')\n",
+        "(30.00000000000001, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.6, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate ratio of generator speed to motor speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=220.0 \n",
+      "P=4000.0 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "r_a=.4         #armature resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_ag=V+I_a*r_a \n",
+      "E_am=V-I_a*r_a \n",
+      "a=1.1         #phi_m/phi_g\n",
+      "n=(E_ag/E_am)*a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'n_g/n_m') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.1752136752136753, 'n_g/n_m')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.7 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate speed of motor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=230.0 \n",
+      "R_f=115.0         #field resistance\n",
+      "I_f=V/R_f \n",
+      "P_g=100000.0         #electric power (m/c running as generator)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_L=P_g/V \n",
+      "I_a=I_f+I_L \n",
+      "R_a=.08         #armature resitance\n",
+      "E_ag=V+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n_g=750         #speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_m=9000         #m/c running as motor\n",
+      "I_l=P_m/V \n",
+      "I_A=I_l-I_f \n",
+      "E_am=V-I_A*R_a \n",
+      "n_m=(E_am/E_ag)*n_g \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n_m,'motor speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(642.6756902233134, 'motor speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.8, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate electomagnetic power and torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "E_a=250 \n",
+      "R_a=.05 \n",
+      "n=3000 \n",
+      "w_m=(n*2*math.pi)/60 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('when terminal voltage is 255V') \n",
+      "V_t=255 \n",
+      "I_a=(V_t-E_a)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P_in,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "T=P_in/w_m \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('when terminal voltage is 248V') \n",
+      "V_t=248 \n",
+      "I_a=(E_a-V_t)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(P_in,'electromagnetic power(W)') \n",
+      "T=P_in/w_m \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "when terminal voltage is 255V\n",
+        "(25000.0, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(79.57747154594767, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "when terminal voltage is 248V\n",
+        "(10000.0, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n",
+        "(31.830988618379067, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.9 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate electomagnetic power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n_f=3000.0         #field speed\n",
+      "n_a=2950.0         #armature speed\n",
+      "E=250.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "E_a=E*(n_a/n_f) \n",
+      "V_t=250 \n",
+      "R_a=0.05 \n",
+      "I_a=(V_t-E_a)/R_a \n",
+      "P_in=V_t*I_a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(P_in,'power(W)') \n",
+      "P=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(P,'electromagnetic power(W)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(20833.333333333427, 'power(W)')\n",
+        "(20486.111111111204, 'electromagnetic power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.10 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate cross and demagnetising turns/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=250000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0\n",
+      "I_a=P/V         #armature current\n",
+      "n=6         #no of parallel path\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_c=I_a/n     #conductor current\n",
+      "Z=720         #lap wound conductors\n",
+      "AT_a=(1/2)*Z*I_c/n \n",
+      "\n",
+      "B=2.5*n/2         #brush leadof 2.5 angular degrees(mech) from geo neutral\n",
+      "AT_c=AT_a*(1-(2*B)/180) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(AT_c,'cross magnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)') \n",
+      "AT_d=AT_a*((2*B)/180) \n",
+      "print(AT_d,'demagnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'cross magnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'demagnetising ampere turns(AT/pole)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.11 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate no of conductors on each pole piece\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z=256 \n",
+      "A=6 \n",
+      "P=6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "r=.71         #ratio of pole arc to pole pitch\n",
+      "N_cw=(Z/(2*A*P))*r    \n",
+      "N_cc=math.ceil(2*N_cw) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_cc,'compensating conductors/pole') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.0, 'compensating conductors/pole')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.12, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate no of turns reqd on each interpole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=25000 \n",
+      "V=440 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "Z=846 \n",
+      "A=2 \n",
+      "P=4 \n",
+      "B_i=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "u_o=4*math.pi*10**-7 \n",
+      "l_gi=.003 \n",
+      "AT_i=((I_a*Z)/(2*A*P))+(B_i*l_gi)/u_o \n",
+      "N_i=math.ceil(AT_i/I_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_i,'no of turns') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(75.0, 'no of turns')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.16, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate terminal voltage and rated output current and calculate no of series turns/pole\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=100000.0 \n",
+      "V=200.0 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V \n",
+      "I_f=5 \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "I_se=I_a \n",
+      "N_se=5 \n",
+      "N_f=1200\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_feq=I_f+(N_se/N_f)*I_se \n",
+      "n=1000 \n",
+      "E_a=225 \n",
+      "nn=950 \n",
+      "E_aa=E_a*(nn/n) \n",
+      "R_a=0.03 \n",
+      "R_se=0.004 \n",
+      "V_t=E_aa-I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "print(V_t,'terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "I_fd=0.001875*I_a \n",
+      "V_t=200 \n",
+      "E_a=V_t+I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "E_aa=E_a*(n/nn) \n",
+      "I_fnet=7.5 \n",
+      "N_f=1000 \n",
+      "N_se=math.ceil((I_fnet+I_fd-I_f)*(N_f/I_a)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(N_se,'no of series turns/pole') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-17.17, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(7.0, 'no of series turns/pole')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.22, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to compute terminal voltage at rated voltage current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_a=0.05 \n",
+      "R_se=.01 \n",
+      "N_f=1000 \n",
+      "N_se=3 \n",
+      "I_sf=5.6         #shunt field current\n",
+      "I_L=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_sf \n",
+      "N=N_f*I_sf+I_a*N_se         #excitation ampere turns\n",
+      "I_freq=N/N_f \n",
+      "\n",
+      "E_a=282 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "nn=1150 \n",
+      "Ea=E_a*(nn/n) \n",
+      "V_t=Ea-I_a*(R_a+R_se) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(V_t,'terminal voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-12.336, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.24, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find generator output\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=20000.0 \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "I_a=P/V \n",
+      "R_a=.16 \n",
+      "vd=I_a*R_a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def output(E_a):\n",
+      "    V_t=E_a-vd \n",
+      "    P_o=I_a*V_t \n",
+      "    print(P_o,'generator output(W)') \n",
+      "    return P_o\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150.0\n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('at speed 1200rpm') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def ratio(E_a):\n",
+      "    Ea=.8*E_a\n",
+      "    return Ea\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "Ea=ratio(E_a) \n",
+      "P_o=output(Ea) "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(10976.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(19576.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(22776.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at speed 1200rpm\n",
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(8576.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(15456.0, 'generator output(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(18016.0, 'generator output(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.25, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find power to the load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_L=3 \n",
+      "R_a=.16 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def output(E_a):\n",
+      "    I_a=E_a/(R_a+R_L)  \n",
+      "    P_o=I_a**2*R_L \n",
+      "    print(P_o,'power fed to the load(W)') \n",
+      "    return P_o\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('at I_f=1A') \n",
+      "E_a=150 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "print('at I_f=2A') \n",
+      "E_a=257.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print('at I_f=2.5A') \n",
+      "E_a=297.5 \n",
+      "P_o=output(E_a) \n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "at I_f=1A\n",
+        "(6759.734016984458, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2A\n",
+        "(19920.56060727447, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n",
+        "at I_f=2.5A\n",
+        "(26590.1648373658, 'power fed to the load(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 16
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute the generator induced emf when fully loaded in long shunt compound and short shunt compound\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=75000.0 \n",
+      "V_t=250.0 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V_t \n",
+      "R_a=.04 \n",
+      "R_se=.004 \n",
+      "R_f=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print('case of long shunt') \n",
+      "I_f=V_t/R_f \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "V_b=2 \n",
+      "E_aLS=V_t+I_a*(R_a+R_se)+V_b \n",
+      "print(E_aLS,'generator induced emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('case of short shunt') \n",
+      "V_b=V_t+I_L*R_se \n",
+      "I_f=V_b/R_f \n",
+      "I_a=I_L+I_f \n",
+      "E_aSS=V_t+(I_a*R_a)+2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(E_aSS,'generator induced emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=(E_aLS-E_aSS)*100/V_t \n",
+      "print(d,'percent diff') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "case of long shunt\n",
+        "(265.31, 'generator induced emf(V)')\n",
+        "case of short shunt\n",
+        "(264.10048, 'generator induced emf(V)')\n",
+        "(0.48380799999999907, 'percent diff')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to find field current and field resistance at rated terminal voltage, em power and     torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_o=250         #no load voltage\n",
+      "I_f=1.5 \n",
+      "R_f=V_o/I_f     \n",
+      "print(R_f,'field resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "P=25000 \n",
+      "V_t=220 \n",
+      "I_L=P/V_t \n",
+      "I_a=I_L         \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(I_a,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "R_a=.1 \n",
+      "E_a=V_t+I_a*R_a \n",
+      "I_f=1.1 \n",
+      "R_f=V_t/I_f         \n",
+      "print(R_f,'field resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "I_a=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "emp=E_a*I_a \n",
+      "print(emp,'em power(W)') \n",
+      "n=1600 \n",
+      "emt=emp/(n*2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "print(emt,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_fa=1.25         #actual I_f\n",
+      "I_c=I_fa-I_f \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_c,'I_f needed to counter effect armature current') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(166.66666666666666, 'field resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(113, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(199.99999999999997, 'field resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(25882.47, 'em power(W)')\n",
+        "(154.47461399728832, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.1499999999999999, 'I_f needed to counter effect armature current')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.32, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the reduction of flux/pole due to armature rxn\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "R_a=.7 \n",
+      "def arxn(I_a,n):\n",
+      "    phi=(V-I_a*R_a)/n \n",
+      "    return phi\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phinl=arxn(1.6,1250) \n",
+      "print(phinl,'flux/pole no load') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "phil=arxn(40,1150) \n",
+      "print(phil,'flux/pole load') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=(phinl-phil)*100/phinl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(d,'reduction in phi due to armature rxn(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.199104, 'flux/pole no load')\n",
+        "(0.19304347826086957, 'flux/pole load')\n",
+        "(3.0438975305018667, 'reduction in phi due to armature rxn(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.33, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine internal em torque developed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "I_a=85.0\n",
+      "R_a=.18 \n",
+      "E_a=V-I_a*R_a \n",
+      "n=1100 \n",
+      "T=E_a*I_a/(n*2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "T_1=.8*T     \n",
+      "print(T_1,'new torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "#T=K_a'*K_f*I_f*I_a=K_a'*K_f*.8*I_f*I_a1    so\n",
+      "I_a1=I_a/.8 \n",
+      "E_a1=V-I_a1*R_a \n",
+      "#E_a=K_a'*K_f*I_f*n\n",
+      "#E_a1=K_a'*K_f*.8*I_f*n1    so\n",
+      "n1=(E_a1/E_a)*n/.8\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n1,'speed is(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(173.18517475700543, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(138.54813980560434, 'new torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1352.5910737111205, 'speed is(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.34, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed, calculate internal torque developed on load and no load\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V=220.0\n",
+      "R_f=110.0 \n",
+      "I_f=V/R_f \n",
+      "I_L=5 \n",
+      "I_a0=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "R_a=.25 \n",
+      "E_a0=V-I_a0*R_a \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "T_0=(E_a0*I_a0)/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T_0,'torque at no load(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I_L=62 \n",
+      "I_a1=I_L-I_f \n",
+      "E_a1=V-I_a1*R_a \n",
+      "n1=(E_a1/E_a0)*n/.95     \n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T_1=(E_a1*I_a1)/(2*math.pi*n1/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_1-T_0,'torque at on load(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.234208190934708, 'torque at no load(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1181.0598331632962, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(94.21574743682471, 'torque at on load(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.36, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to sketch speed the speed-torque characteristicsof the series motor connectedto mains by calculating speed and torque values at diff values of armature current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ise=[75,100,200,300,400] \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "Ra=.08 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def Eaa(Ise):\n",
+      "\tEa=V-Ra*Ise\n",
+      "\treturn Ea\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def speed(Ea,Eav):\n",
+      "\tnn=n*Ea/Eav\n",
+      "\treturn nn\n",
+      "Eav=[121.5,155,250,283,292] \n",
+      "n=1200.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def torque(nn,Ea,Ise):\n",
+      "\tT=(60*Ea*Ise/(2*math.pi*nn)) \n",
+      "\treturn T\n",
+      "\t\n",
+      "Ise=75 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=121.5 \n",
+      "nn1=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T1=torque(nn1,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=100 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=155 \n",
+      "nn2=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T2=torque(nn2,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=200 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=250 \n",
+      "nn3=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T3=torque(nn3,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=300 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=283 \n",
+      "nn4=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T4=torque(nn4,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ise=400 \n",
+      "Ea=Eaa(Ise) \n",
+      "Eav=292 \n",
+      "nn5=speed(Ea,Eav) \n",
+      "T5=torque(nn5,Ea,Ise) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "nn=[nn1,nn2,nn3,nn4,nn5] \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=[T1,T2,T3,T4,T5] \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "([2409.8765432098767, 1873.5483870967741, 1123.2, 958.303886925795, 895.8904109589041], 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "([72.51497094624482, 123.34508089621889, 397.88735772973837, 675.6127334250957, 929.4648676566688], 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.37, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the power delivered to the fan,torque developed by the motor and calculate external resistance to be added to armature ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=220 \n",
+      "Ra=.6 \n",
+      "Rse=.4 \n",
+      "Ia=30 \n",
+      "Ea=V-(Ra+Rse)*Ia \n",
+      "P=Ea*Ia     \n",
+      "print(P,'Power(W)') \n",
+      "n=400 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T=P/w     \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "nn=200 \n",
+      "T1=T*(nn/n)**2 \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*nn/n \n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*nn/60 \n",
+      "P1=T1*w1 \n",
+      "print(P1,'power developed when n=200 rpm((W))') \n",
+      "Ea1=P1/Iaa \n",
+      "Rext=(V-Ea1)/Iaa-(Ra+Rse) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5700.0, 'Power(W)')\n",
+        "(136.0774763435705, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'power developed when n=200 rpm((W))')\n",
+        "(13.666666666666666, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.38, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to determine the starting torque developed\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=180000.0 \n",
+      "V=600.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/V \n",
+      "Ra=.105 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=600.0 \n",
+      "nn=500.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Eaa=Ea*nn/n \n",
+      "Iaa=282     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "Iad=Ia-Iaa \n",
+      "Ias=500     #at start\n",
+      "k=Iad/Ia**2 \n",
+      "Iae=Ias-Iad*k \n",
+      "Eas=590     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "Ts=Eas*Ias/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ts,'T_start(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5634.084985453095, 'T_start(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.39, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed and mech power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "k=.2*10**-3 \n",
+      "Ia=250 \n",
+      "Iad=k*Ia**2 \n",
+      "Ianet=Ia-Iad \n",
+      "Ea=428     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "V=600 \n",
+      "Ra=.105\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Eaact=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=500 \n",
+      "nn=n*Eaact/Ea \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "Pmech=Eaact*Ia \n",
+      "print(Pmech,'mech power debeloped(W)') \n",
+      "T=Pmech/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(670.268691588785, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(143437.5, 'mech power debeloped(W)')\n",
+        "(2043.5494692999362, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.40, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the mmf per pole on no load and speed developed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "ATsefl=2400.0 \n",
+      "ATsenl=(3.0/25)*ATsefl \n",
+      "ATsh=ATsefl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "ATnet=ATsenl+ATsh \n",
+      "print(ATnet,'mmf/pole(AT)') \n",
+      "Ea=148     #from magnetising curve\n",
+      "V=240 \n",
+      "vd=3 \n",
+      "Eanl=V-vd \n",
+      "n=850 \n",
+      "nnl=n*Eanl/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nnl,'speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2688.0, 'mmf/pole(AT)')\n",
+        "(1361, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.41, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate demagnetisising ampeare turns, em torque,starting torque and no of turns of the series field\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P=10000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=240.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/Vt \n",
+      "If=.6 \n",
+      "Ra=.18 \n",
+      "Ri=0.025 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Ia*(Ra+Ri) \n",
+      "n=1218 \n",
+      "Eaa=Ea*Vt/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iff=.548     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "Ifd=If-Iff \n",
+      "N_s=2000     #shunt field turns\n",
+      "ATd=N_s*Ifd     \n",
+      "print(ATd,'demagnetising ampere turns') \n",
+      "T=Ea*Ia/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "Rf=320 \n",
+      "If=Vt/Rf \n",
+      "ATd=165     #given\n",
+      "Ifd=ATd/N_s \n",
+      "Ifnet=If-Ifd \n",
+      "n=1150     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "#Ea=Ka*phi*w     Ka*phi=k\n",
+      "k=Vt/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "Iastart=75 \n",
+      "Tstart=Iastart*k \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tstart,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "n_0=1250 \n",
+      "Ea=240 \n",
+      "If=.56     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "Rse=.04 \n",
+      "R=Rse+Ra+Ri \n",
+      "Eaa=Ea-Ia*R \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/Eaa \n",
+      "Ifnet=.684     #from n-If characteristics\n",
+      "Ifd=Ifnet-If \n",
+      "Nse=N_s*Ifd/Ia     \n",
+      "print(math.ceil(Nse),'no of turns of the series field') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(103.99999999999987, 'demagnetising ampere turns')\n",
+        "(75.61112042243762, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(149.467250903693, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(6.0, 'no of turns of the series field')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.43, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the no of starter sections reqd,and resistance of each section\n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=55.0 \n",
+      "I2=35.0 \n",
+      "g=I1/I2 \n",
+      "V1=220.0 \n",
+      "R1=V1/I1 \n",
+      "Ra=.4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=math.log((R1/Ra)-g)+1 \n",
+      "print((n),'no of starter sections reqd') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def res(re):\n",
+      "\tR=(1.0/g)*re \n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "\n",
+      "R_1=R1-res(R1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(R_1,'R1(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_2=res(R_1) \n",
+      "print(R_2,'R2(ohm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3.1316272948504063, 'no of starter sections reqd')\n",
+        "(1.4545454545454546, 'R1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.9256198347107438, 'R2(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.44, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the lower current limit, motor speed at each stud\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pop=25.0*1000 \n",
+      "Vt=230.0\n",
+      "Ra=.12 \n",
+      "rf=120.0 \n",
+      "Nfl=2000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iafl=Pop/Vt \n",
+      "Iamax=1.5*Iafl \n",
+      "k=5 \n",
+      "I1=Iamax \n",
+      "R1=Vt/I1 \n",
+      "r=(R1/Ra)**(1.0/(k-1)) \n",
+      "I2=I1/r \n",
+      "def res(re):\n",
+      "\tR=(1.0/r)*re\n",
+      "\treturn R\n",
+      "R_1=R1-res(R1)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(R_1,'R1(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_2=res(R_1) \n",
+      "print(R_2,'R2(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_3=res(R_2) \n",
+      "print(R_3,'R3(ohm)') \n",
+      "R_4=res(R_3) \n",
+      "print(R_4,'R4(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iaf1=103.7 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Iaf1*Ra \n",
+      "Ka=Ea/Nfl \n",
+      "def speed(r):\n",
+      "    Ea=Vt-I2*r \n",
+      "    n=Ea/Ka\n",
+      "    return n\n",
+      "r1=R1 \n",
+      "n1=speed(r1) \n",
+      "print(n1,'n1(rpm)') \n",
+      "r2=r1-R_1 \n",
+      "n2=speed(r2) \n",
+      "print(n2,'n2(rpm)') \n",
+      "r3=r2-R_2 \n",
+      "n3=speed(r3) \n",
+      "print(n3,'n3(rpm)') \n",
+      "r4=r3-R_3 \n",
+      "n4=speed(r4) \n",
+      "print(n4,'n4(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.6488269413387042, 'R1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.3504032174680013, 'R2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.189237540843471, 'R3(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.10219896701649034, 'R4(ohm)')\n",
+        "(972.5036432479316, 'n1(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1497.7105726801958, 'n2(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1781.351997202184, 'n3(rpm)')\n",
+        "(1934.534396741029, 'n4(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.45, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the ratio of full load speed to no load speed\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Rf=200.0 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Inl=5.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_a0=Inl-If \n",
+      "vd=2     #voltage drop\n",
+      "Ra=.18 \n",
+      "E_a0=V-Ra*I_a0-vd \n",
+      "Ifl=68.3 \n",
+      "Iafl=Ifl-If \n",
+      "E_afl=V-Ra*Iafl-vd \n",
+      "e=.03     #armature rxn weakens the field by 3%\n",
+      "k=(E_afl/E_a0)*(1/(1-e)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(k,'n_fl/n_nl') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.0016463628395236, 'n_fl/n_nl')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.46, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate load torque, motor speed and line current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "Rf=41.67 \n",
+      "If1=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=126.0 \n",
+      "Ia1=Ia-If1 \n",
+      "Ra=.03 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ra*Ia1 \n",
+      "n1=1105     #rpm\n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Ka=Ea1/(If1*w1) \n",
+      "T=Ka*If1*Ia1 \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If2=5 \n",
+      "Ia2=Ia1*(If1/If2) \n",
+      "I_L2=Ia2+2 \n",
+      "print(I_L2,'motor current(A) initial') \n",
+      "Ea2=V-Ra*Ia2 \n",
+      "w2=Ea2/(Ka*If2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If1=6 \n",
+      "Voc1=267 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "k1=Voc1/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "If1=5 \n",
+      "Voc2=250 \n",
+      "n=1200 \n",
+      "k2=Voc2/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "Ia2=Ia1*(k1/k2) \n",
+      "I_L2=Ia2+2 \n",
+      "print(I_L2,'motor current(A) final') \n",
+      "Ea2=V-Ra*Ia2 \n",
+      "w2=Ea2/k2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(w2,'motor speed(rad/s)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(255.52462829375477, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(145.98905682937735, 'motor current(A) initial')\n",
+        "(130.16051259899209, 'motor current(A) final')\n",
+        "(123.73109114425752, 'motor speed(rad/s)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.47, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature current,speed and value of external resistance in field ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0\n",
+      "Ia=5.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.6 \n",
+      "n=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "k=(V-Ia*Ra)/(2*math.pi*n/60) \n",
+      "T=100.0 \n",
+      "Ia=T/k \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "w_m=(V-Ia*Ra)/k \n",
+      "n=(60*w_m)/(2*math.pi) \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Rf=150 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "kk=k/If \n",
+      "Iaa=44.8 \n",
+      "nn=1200 \n",
+      "Iff=(V-Iaa*Ra)/(kk*2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "Rftot=V/Iff \n",
+      "Rfext=Rftot-Rf \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rfext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(42.396661991765086, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(909.1579060928783, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(49.26496952312658, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.48, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed and torque of the motor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ra=0.035 \n",
+      "Rf=0.015 \n",
+      "V=220 \n",
+      "I=200 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Ra+Rf) \n",
+      "print('full field winding') \n",
+      "n=900 \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/V \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I/2)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "print('field winding reduced to half') \n",
+      "Rse=Rf/2 \n",
+      "Rtot=Rse+Ra \n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Rtot) \n",
+      "Iff=I/2 \n",
+      "V=150     #from magnetisation characteristic\n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/V \n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('divertor across series field') \n",
+      "Ra=0.03 \n",
+      "Rse=.015 \n",
+      "Kd=1/((Rse/Ra)+1) \n",
+      "Ise=Kd*I \n",
+      "V1=192 \n",
+      "I1=150 \n",
+      "V2=150 \n",
+      "I2=100 \n",
+      "v=V2+((V1-V2)/(I1-I2))*(Ise-I2) \n",
+      "R=(2/3)*Rse \n",
+      "Ea=V-I*(Ra+R) \n",
+      "nn=n*Ea/v \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(nn,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "T=(Ea*I)/(2*math.pi*nn/60) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "full field winding\n",
+        "(859.0909090909091, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(233.42724986811317, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "field winding reduced to half\n",
+        "(1269.0, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(318.3098861837907, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "divertor across series field\n",
+        "(864.0, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(318.3098861837907, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.50, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine speed regulation, load speed and power regulation and compare power wasted in both cases\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=230.0 \n",
+      "Ra=2.0 \n",
+      "Ia=5.0 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=1250.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "k=Ea/w     #k=Ka*phi\n",
+      "Re=15 \n",
+      "Ia0=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia0*(Ra+Re) \n",
+      "w0=Ea/k \n",
+      "Ia=5 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*(Ra+Re) \n",
+      "w=Ea/k \n",
+      "wr=(w0-w)*100/w \n",
+      "print(wr,'(i)speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "R1=10 \n",
+      "R2=15 \n",
+      "B=R2/(R1+R2) \n",
+      "V_TH=V*B \n",
+      "R_TH=R1*B \n",
+      "Ea=V_TH-Ia0*(R_TH+Ra) \n",
+      "w0=Ea/k \n",
+      "Ia=5 \n",
+      "Ea=V_TH-Ia*(R_TH+Ra) \n",
+      "w=Ea/k  \n",
+      "wr=(w0-w)*100/w \n",
+      "print(wr,'(ii)speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=Ia**2*Re \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'power loss by rheostat control(W)') \n",
+      "Ra=2 \n",
+      "Ea=98 \n",
+      "Va=Ea+Ra*Ia \n",
+      "P2=Va**2/R2 \n",
+      "I2=Va/R2 \n",
+      "I1=I2+Ia \n",
+      "P1=I1**2*R1 \n",
+      "Pe=P1+P2 \n",
+      "print(Pe,'power loss by shunted armature control(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(46.896551724137936, '(i)speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(-80.0, '(ii)speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(375, 'power loss by rheostat control(W)')\n",
+        "(2217, 'power loss by shunted armature control(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 34
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.52, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine armature current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n1=1600.0 \n",
+      "Ia1=120.0 \n",
+      "n2=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia2=(n1*Ia1)/n2     #P=K*Ia*n\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ia2,'Ia(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(480.0, 'Ia(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 35
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.54, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to find speed and ratio of mech o/p\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.25 \n",
+      "Ia1=25.0 \n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ra*Ia1 \n",
+      "n1=1200 \n",
+      "Rr=2.75 \n",
+      "Ia2=15 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea2=V-(Ra+Rr)*Ia2 \n",
+      "phi=.7     #phi=(phi(15)/phi(25))\n",
+      "n2=(Ea2/Ea1)*n1/phi \n",
+      "print(n2,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Po2=Ea2*I2 \n",
+      "Po1=Ea1*I1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Po2/Po1,'ratio of mech o/p') \n",
+      "Ia=120     #Ia is constant indep of speed\n",
+      "print(Ia,'Ia(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1545.578231292517, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(0.5259259259259259, 'ratio of mech o/p')\n",
+        "(120, 'Ia(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 36
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.55, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the armature voltage reqd\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=500.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.28 \n",
+      "Ia1=128.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia1*Ra \n",
+      "#(Vt2-.28*Ia2)-->n1/math.sqrt(2)    (i)\n",
+      "#Ea1-->n1    (ii)\n",
+      "Vt2=(Ea1/math.sqrt(2))+(Ia1*Ra) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Vt2,'armature voltage(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(364.05068355554783, 'armature voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 37
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.57, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate m/c eff as a generator and max eff when generating and motoring.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pop=10*1000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=250.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.8 \n",
+      "Rf=275.0 \n",
+      "Ia=3.91 \n",
+      "Psh=Vt**2/Rf \n",
+      "Prot=Vt*Ia-Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Pop/Vt \n",
+      "If=Vt/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I1+If \n",
+      "Ploss=Prot+Psh+Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Eff_gen=(1-Ploss/(Ploss+Pop))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_gen,'generator eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=I1-If \n",
+      "Ploss=Prot+Psh+Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Eff_motor=(1-Ploss/(Pop))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_motor,'motor eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt((Prot+Psh)/Ra) \n",
+      "Ploss_tot=2*(Prot+Psh) \n",
+      "print(Ploss_tot,'total loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Ia-If \n",
+      "Pout=Vt*I1 \n",
+      "Eff_gen_max=((1-Ploss_tot/(Ploss_tot+Pout)))*100 \n",
+      "print(Eff_gen_max,'max generator eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I1=Ia+If \n",
+      "Pin=Vt*I1 \n",
+      "Eff_motor_max=((1-Ploss_tot/(Pin)))*100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Eff_motor_max,'max motor eff(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(965.2695199999999, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(79.799637649488, 'generator eff(%)')\n",
+        "(75.84978413884296, 'motor eff(%)')\n",
+        "(2385.0844945454546, 'total loss(W)')\n",
+        "(79.80476689843074, 'max generator eff(%)')\n",
+        "(75.85848385798421, 'max motor eff(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 38
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.59, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine rotational loss, no load armature current and speed and also find speed regulation and to calculate armature current for given em torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pout=60.0*1000 \n",
+      "eff=.85 \n",
+      "P_L=((1.0/eff)-1)*Pout \n",
+      "Pin=Pout+P_L \n",
+      "V=600.0\n",
+      "I_L=Pin/V \n",
+      "Rf=100 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I_L-If \n",
+      "Ra=.16 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n=900 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Prot=P_L-Ia**2*Ra-V*If \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iao=Prot/V \n",
+      "print(Iao,'no load armature current(A)') \n",
+      "Eao=V \n",
+      "n0=n*Eao/Ea \n",
+      "print(n0,'no load speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "reg=(n0-n)*100.0/n \n",
+      "print(reg,'speed regulation(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "K=Ea/(2*math.pi*n/60)     #K=Ka*phi\n",
+      "T=600 \n",
+      "Ia=T/K \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ia,'reqd armature current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4993.824775086507, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(8.323041291810844, 'no load armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(927.617538640626, 'no load speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(3.0686154045139977, 'speed regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(97.13988149114788, 'reqd armature current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 39
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.60, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine load torque and motor eff,armature current for max motor eff and ots value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=250.0 \n",
+      "Ia=35.0 \n",
+      "Ra=.5 \n",
+      "Ea=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "Poutg=Ea*Ia \n",
+      "Prot=500 \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "n=1250 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "T_L=Pout_net/w \n",
+      "print(T_L,'load torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Rf=250.0 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "I_L=If+Ia \n",
+      "Pin=I_L*V \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net*100/Pin \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pk=Prot+V*If \n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt(Pk/Ra) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "Tloss=2*Pk \n",
+      "I_L=If+Ia \n",
+      "Pin=I_L*V \n",
+      "eff_max=1-(Tloss/Pin) \n",
+      "print(eff_max*100,'max efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n1=n*Ea1/Ea \n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Poutg=Ea1*Ia \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "T_L=Pout_net/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_L,'load torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(58.34620213748883, 'load torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(84.86111111111111, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(38.72983346207417, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(84.89799861424649, 'max efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(1239.973565962166, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(64.94013105420487, 'load torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 40
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.61, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate rotational loss ,armature resistance,eff,line current and speed\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Pshaft=20000.0 \n",
+      "eff=.89 \n",
+      "P_L=((1.0/eff)-1)*Pshaft \n",
+      "Pin=Pshaft+P_L \n",
+      "V=250 \n",
+      "I_L=Pin/V \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "Rf=125 \n",
+      "If=V/Rf \n",
+      "Ia=I_L-If \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ploss=P_L/2 \n",
+      "Ra=Ploss/Ia**2 \n",
+      "print(Ra,'armature resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "Psh=V*If \n",
+      "Prot=Ploss-Psh \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "Ea=V-I_L*Ra \n",
+      "n=850 \n",
+      "Ia=100 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pc=Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "P_L=Pc+Ploss \n",
+      "Pin=V*I_L \n",
+      "eff=(1-P_L/Pin)*100 \n",
+      "Ea1=V-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "n1=n*Ea1/Ea \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n1,'speed(rpm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(89.88764044943821, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.16000997913103768, 'armature resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(735.955056179776, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(844.1627038605443, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 41
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.62, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate eff of motor and generator\n",
+      " \n",
+      "Iag=60.0 \n",
+      "Ia=15.0 \n",
+      "Iam=Iag+Ia \n",
+      "Vt=250.0 \n",
+      "Ram=.2 \n",
+      "Rag=.2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pstray=.5*(Vt*Ia-Iam**2*Ram-Iag**2*Rag) \n",
+      "Ifm=2 \n",
+      "Pinm=Vt*(Iam+Ifm) \n",
+      "P_Lm=(Pstray+Vt*Ifm)+Iam**2*Ram \n",
+      "eff_M=1-(P_Lm/Pinm) \n",
+      "print(eff_M*100,'efficiency of motor(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iag=60 \n",
+      "Ifg=2.5 \n",
+      "P_Lg=(Pstray+Vt*Ifg)+Iag**2*Rag \n",
+      "Poutg=Vt*Iag \n",
+      "eff_G=1-(P_Lg/(Poutg+P_Lg)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff_G*100,'efficiency of generator(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(86.6103896103896, 'efficiency of motor(%)')\n",
+        "(86.71773377655731, 'efficiency of generator(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 42
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 7.63, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculaate torque constt,value of rotational loss,stalled torque and stalled current of motor, armature current anad eff, motor o/p and eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=6.0\n",
+      "Iao=.0145 \n",
+      "n=12125 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "Ra=4.2 \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Iao*Ra \n",
+      "Km=Ea/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Km,'torque constt') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Prot=Ea*Iao \n",
+      "print(Prot,'rotational loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia_stall=Vt/Ra \n",
+      "print(Ia_stall,'stalled current(A)') \n",
+      "Tstall=Km*Ia_stall \n",
+      "print(Tstall,'stalled torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Poutg=1.6 \n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a)\n",
+      "    if x1>x2 :\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else :\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      " \n",
+      "#Ea*Ia=1.6 \n",
+      "#(Vt-Ra*Ia)*Ia=Poutg \n",
+      "Ia=quad(Ra,-Vt,Poutg) \n",
+      "Ea=Vt-Ia*Ra \n",
+      "wo=Ea/Km \n",
+      "Proto=Prot*(w/wo)**2 \n",
+      "Pout_net=Poutg-Prot \n",
+      "Pi=Vt*Ia \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net/Pi \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "n1=10250 \n",
+      "w1=2*math.pi*n1/60 \n",
+      "Km=.004513 \n",
+      "Ea1=Km*w1 \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ea1)/Ra \n",
+      "Pout_gross=Ea1*Ia \n",
+      "Prot1=Prot*(n1/n) \n",
+      "Pout_net=Pout_gross-Prot1 \n",
+      "print(Pout_net,'o/p power(W)') \n",
+      "Pin=Vt*Ia \n",
+      "eff=Pout_net/Pin \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.004677462049569034, 'torque constt')\n",
+        "(0.08611695, 'rotational loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1.4285714285714286, 'stalled current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.006682088642241477, 'stalled torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(71.12044194138065, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(1.3331193196856814, 'o/p power(W)')\n",
+        "(80.73587687106667, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 43
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c3a9fc4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2586 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 08 : Synchronous Machines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine voltage regulation by mmf method\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "pf=0.85 \n",
+      "P=150*10**6 \n",
+      "V=13*1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iarated=P/(math.sqrt(3)*pf*V) \n",
+      "If=750 \n",
+      "Ifocc=810 \n",
+      "B=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ff=math.sqrt((Ifocc+If*math.sin(math.radians(B)))**2+(If*math.cos(math.radians(B)))**2) \n",
+      "Ef=16.3*1000 \n",
+      "vr=Ef/V-1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(vr*100,'voltage regulation(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(25.384615384615383, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the excitation emf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=3300.0 \n",
+      "Xs=18/3.0 \n",
+      "pf=.707 \n",
+      "P=800*1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*Vt*pf) \n",
+      "a=Ia*Xs/math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "b=Vt/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=math.sqrt((a+b)**2+a**2)*math.sqrt(3.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ef,'excitation emf(V)(line)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4972.3367904266, 'excitation emf(V)(line)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.7, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#to compute the max power and torque,terminal voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "P=1000*10**3 \n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(V*math.sqrt(3)*pf) \n",
+      "Xsm=3.24 \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Efm=Vt-j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "Efg=abs(Efm) \n",
+      "P_emax=3*Vt*Efg/Xsm \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power(W)') \n",
+      "p=24 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_sm=(120*f*2*math.pi)/(p*60) \n",
+      "Tmax=P_emax/w_sm \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xsg=4.55 \n",
+      "Efm=Vt-j*Ia*Xsg \n",
+      "Efmm=abs(Efm) \n",
+      "X=Xsm+Xsg \n",
+      "P_emax=3*Efg*Efmm/X \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power(W)') \n",
+      "Tmax=P_emax/w_sm \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=90 \n",
+      "Efm=Efg*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "Efg=Efmm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0)))\n",
+      "Ia=(Efg-Efm)/(j*X) \n",
+      "v=j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "Vt=Efm+j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Vt)*math.sqrt(3),'line voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2361111.1111111115, 'max power(W)')\n",
+        "(90187.80108540738, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(571722.5941289428, 'max power(W)')\n",
+        "(21838.194463906242, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(2153.0750379274127, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.8 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#max power supplied, power angle d, corresponding field current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "r=100*10**6.0     #va\n",
+      "V=11000.0 \n",
+      "P=100*10**6 \n",
+      "Ef=1     #pu\n",
+      "Vth=1     #pu\n",
+      "Xs=1.3     #pu\n",
+      "Xth=.24     #pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "P_emax=Ef*Vth/(Xs+Xth) \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power delivered(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "d=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*Xth/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "print(d,'power angle') \n",
+      "Vt=math.exp(j*d) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Vth)/(j*Xth) \n",
+      "Ef=Vth+j*(Xs+Xth)*Ia \n",
+      "Voc=11000 \n",
+      "If=256 \n",
+      "Ff=19150 \n",
+      "Iff=If*Ff/Voc\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Iff,'If(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.6493506493506493, 'max power delivered(pu)')\n",
+        "(13.88654036262899, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(445, 'If(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.9, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the generator current and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "X=.24 \n",
+      "r=400.0     #rating in MVA\n",
+      "rr=600.0     #rating in MVA\n",
+      "Pe=r/rr \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Vth=1 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*X/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "Ia=2*math.sin(math.radians(dl/2))/X \n",
+      "V=24000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "IaB=(rr/3.0)*10**6/(V/math.sqrt(3.0)) \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*IaB \n",
+      "print(Iaa,'generating current(A)') \n",
+      "phi=dl/2.0 \n",
+      "pf= math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=1 \n",
+      "dl1=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*X/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "Ia=2*math.sin(math.radians(dl1/2.0))/X \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*IaB \n",
+      "print(Iaa,'generating current(A)') \n",
+      "phi=dl1/2.0 \n",
+      "pf= math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor') \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*(complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))*X \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)*V \n",
+      "dl2=math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xth=.24 \n",
+      "Pe=abs(Ef)*Vth*math.sin(math.radians(dl1+dl2))/(X+Xth) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'Pe(pu)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(9653.646665937797, 'generating current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9967740502090344, 'power factor')\n",
+        "(14540.391150848647, 'generating current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9926663306370695, 'power factor')\n",
+        "(0.560889816748067, 'Pe(pu)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.10 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature resistance, sync reactance, full load stray load loss, Rac/Rdc,various categories of losses at full load,full load eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=60*10**3.0 \n",
+      "Psc=3950.0 \n",
+      "Isc=108.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Raeff=Psc/(3*Isc**2) \n",
+      "print(Raeff,'effective armature resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ifoc=2.85 \n",
+      "Ifsc=1.21 \n",
+      "I_SC=Isc*Ifoc/Ifsc \n",
+      "Zs=(V/math.sqrt(3))/I_SC \n",
+      "Xs=math.sqrt(Zs**2-Raeff**2) \n",
+      "print(Xs,'sync reactance(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "t1=25 \n",
+      "t2=75 \n",
+      "Rdc=0.075 \n",
+      "Radc=Rdc*((273+t2)/(273+t1)) \n",
+      "Iarated=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Pscc=Psc*(Iarated/Isc)**2 \n",
+      "P=3*Iarated**2*Radc \n",
+      "print(P,'armature loss(W)') \n",
+      "loss=Pscc-P \n",
+      "print(loss,'loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=Raeff/Radc \n",
+      "print(a,'Rac/Rdc') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pwf=900.0 \n",
+      "print(Pwf,'windage and friction loss(W)') \n",
+      "tloss=2440 \n",
+      "closs=tloss-Pwf \n",
+      "print(closs,'core loss(W)') \n",
+      "If=3.1 \n",
+      "Rf=110 \n",
+      "Pcu=If**2*Rf \n",
+      "print(Pcu,'field cu loss(W)') \n",
+      "print(loss,'stray load loss(W)') \n",
+      "b=loss+Pcu+closs+Pwf+P \n",
+      "print(b,'total loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=0.8 \n",
+      "op=r*pf \n",
+      "ip=op+b \n",
+      "eff=op/ip \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.11288294467306813, 'effective armature resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.9008089329407498, 'sync reactance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1687.5, 'armature loss(W)')\n",
+        "(852.3662551440325, 'loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1.5051059289742417, 'Rac/Rdc')\n",
+        "(900.0, 'windage and friction loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1540.0, 'core loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1057.1000000000001, 'field cu loss(W)')\n",
+        "(852.3662551440325, 'stray load loss(W)')\n",
+        "(6036.966255144032, 'total loss(W)')\n",
+        "(0.8882808071304457, 'efficiency')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.11, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate net power op,eff,line current and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Zs=(1.0/3)*(.3+j*6) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.atan(Zs.imag/Zs.real))\n",
+      "Vt=400.0/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=600.0/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "a=math.sqrt(Vt**2+Ef**2-2*Vt*Ef*math.cos(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Ia=a/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Ia,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "B=math.degrees(math.acos((Vt**2+a**2-Ef**2)/(2*Vt*a)))\n",
+      "phi=90-(90-math.degrees(math.atan(Zs.imag/Zs.real)))-B \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),'pf') \n",
+      "Pein=Vt*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "Ra=.1 \n",
+      "b=Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "loss=2400 \n",
+      "Pmout=Pein-loss/3.0-b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pmout,'net power op(W)') \n",
+      "eff=Pmout/Pein \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(54.98573992282153, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(-0.9999999999999998, 'pf')\n",
+        "(-13800.755857898721, 'net power op(W)')\n",
+        "(108.68095238095239, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Zs=.8+j*5 \n",
+      "Vt=3300.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Pein=800*10**3.0/3     #per ph\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Qe=-Pein*math.tan(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))))\n",
+      "#a=Ef*math.cos(math.radians(dl-a))\n",
+      "#b=Ef=math.cos(math.radians(dl-a))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=((abs(Zs)/Vt)*(Pein-Zs.real*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)) \n",
+      "b=((abs(Zs)/Vt)*(-Qe+(Zs.imag)*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=math.sqrt(a**2+b**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pein=(1200.0/3)*1000 \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.asin((abs(Zs)/(Vt*Ef))*(Pein-pf*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)))\n",
+      "Qe=(Zs.imag)*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2-Ef*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(a))/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(Qe/Pein))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') d"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8329179992811746, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.13 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to determine excitation emf, torque angle,stator current, pf, max power, kVAR delivered\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "P=10000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "X=16 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*X*Iaa \n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real))\n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pe=P*pf \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)*1.2 \n",
+      "dl=(Pe/3)*X/(Eff*Vt) \n",
+      "ta=math.degrees(math.asin(dl))\n",
+      "print(ta,'torque angle') \n",
+      "Ia=(Eff*complex(math.cos(math.radians(ta)),math.sin(math.radians(ta)))-Vt)/(j*X) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'stator current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=413 \n",
+      "Pemax=Ef*Vt/X \n",
+      "Ia=(Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))-Vt)/(j*X) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'stator current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Qe=((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))*Pe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Qe,'kVar delivered') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(438.17804600413285, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(-18.434948822922003, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(20.570777448577868, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(20.003478706674613, 'stator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8165675681224028, 'pf')\n",
+        "(29.57394950937959, 'stator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.48805644728523245, 'pf')\n",
+        "(-14306.739670518926, 'kVar delivered')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.14 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature current, pf ,power angle, power , shaft torques,kVar\n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "P=8000.0 \n",
+      "Prot=500.0 \n",
+      "Pmg=P+Prot \n",
+      "Pein=Pmg \n",
+      "Ef=750.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Vt=231 \n",
+      "Xs=16.0 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin(Xs*(Pein/3)/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Eff=Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl))) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Eff)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "T=Pein/w_s \n",
+      "print(T,'torque developed(Nm)') \n",
+      "T_s=P/w_s \n",
+      "print(T_s,'shaft torques(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=600/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "rr=3*Vt*Ia/1000 \n",
+      "print(rr,'kVar rating') \n",
+      "c=(abs(Ia)/Vt)/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(-c,'capicator rating(F)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=300/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "rr=3*Vt*Ia/1000 \n",
+      "print(-rr,'kVar rating') \n",
+      "L=(Vt/abs(rr))/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L,'inductor rating(H)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=j*2000/Vt \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xs \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(15.629324184839682, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.6197800073964136, 'pf')\n",
+        "(54.11268065124441, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n",
+        "(50.929581789406505, 'shaft torques(Nm)')\n",
+        "(-4.998702620565402, 'kVar rating')\n",
+        "(-9.939446800839497e-05, 'capicator rating(F)')\n",
+        "(-2.503242439717299, 'kVar rating')\n",
+        "(0.2937373645549075, 'inductor rating(H)')\n",
+        "(160.16596233973502, 'excitation(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.15, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find the excitation emf,mech power developed,pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "r=4*10.0**6 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "Xs=4.8 \n",
+      "#Vt**2+Ef**2-2*Vt*Efcosd(dl)=(Ia*Xs)**2\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Ef**2-7.16*Ef+11.69=0 \n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    return x1,x2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=[0,0]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=quad(1,-7.16,11.69) \n",
+      "dl=20.0\n",
+      "print(Ef[0],'excitation(kV)') \n",
+      "Pm=3*3.81*Ef[0]*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/Xs \n",
+      "print(Pm,'power developed(MW)') \n",
+      "pf1=Pm*10**6/(math.sqrt(3)*V*Ia) \n",
+      "print(pf1,'pf1') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(Ef[1],'excitation(kV)') \n",
+      "Pm=3*3.81*Ef[1]*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/Xs \n",
+      "print(Pm,'power developed(MW)') \n",
+      "pf2=Pm*10**6/(math.sqrt(3)*V*Ia) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf2,'pf2') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4.641319932913728, 'excitation(kV)')\n",
+        "(3.780055563783382, 'power developed(MW)')\n",
+        "(0.9450138909458456, 'pf1')\n",
+        "(2.518680067086272, 'excitation(kV)')\n",
+        "(2.0513023748834374, 'power developed(MW)')\n",
+        "(0.5128255937208593, 'pf2')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.16, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find power angle,field current\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "V=400 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "Ia=50.0 \n",
+      "Xs=1.3 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xs \n",
+      "print(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real)),'power angle') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pm=Vt*Ia*pf \n",
+      "pff=.8 \n",
+      "Ia=Pm/(Vt*pff) \n",
+      "ang=math.degrees(math.acos(pff))\n",
+      "Eff=math.sqrt((Vt*math.cos(math.radians(ang)))**2+(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(ang))+Ia*Xs)**2) \n",
+      "If=.9 \n",
+      "Iff=If*Eff/abs(Ef)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Iff,'field current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(1.7565442792743275, 'field current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.17, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate motor eff,excitation emf and power angle, max power op,corresponding net op\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Sop=40*1000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=600.0 \n",
+      "Ra=0.8 \n",
+      "Xs=8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pst=2000.0 \n",
+      "Pmnet=30*1000.0 \n",
+      "Pm_dev=Pst+Pmnet \n",
+      "Ia=Sop/(math.sqrt(3)*Vt) \n",
+      "Poh=3*Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Pin=Pm_dev+Poh \n",
+      "eff=(1-(Poh+Pst)/Pin)*100 \n",
+      "print(eff,'motor eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "cos_phi=Pin/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Vt*Ia) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(cos_phi))\n",
+      "Ia=Ia*(math.cos(math.radians(phi))+j*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Vt=Vt/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Za=Ra+Xs*j \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Ia*Za \n",
+      "Ef_line=Ef*math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "print(Ef_line,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "delta=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(delta,'power angle(deg)') \n",
+      "IaRa=abs(Ia)*Ra \n",
+      "IaXs=abs(Ia)*Xs \n",
+      "AD=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi))-IaRa\n",
+      "CD=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+abs(Ia)*Xs \n",
+      "Ef_mag=math.sqrt((abs(AD))**2+(abs(CD))**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pm_out_gross=-((abs(Ef_mag))**2*Ra/(abs(Za))**2)+(Vt*abs(Ef_mag)/abs(Za))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pm_out_gross,'max power op(W)') \n",
+      "power_angle=math.degrees(math.atan((Za.imag)/(Za.real))) \n",
+      "print(power_angle,'power angle(deg)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(84.375, 'motor eff(%)')\n",
+        "(-190.24688522544741, 'excitation emf(V)')"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "(-0.0, 'power angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(24191.612053989564, 'max power op(W)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'power angle(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find the change in the poweer angle \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=4000.0 \n",
+      "V=400 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ia=Pe/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Xs=25 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl)))*Xs \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((Pe/3)*Xs/(Vt*abs(Ef)))) \n",
+      "ang=dl+a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(ang,'change in power angle(deg)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.596898962201344, 'change in power angle(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find no of poles,MVA rating, prime mover rating and op torque\n",
+      " \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=100.0 \n",
+      "P=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "print(P,'no of poles') \n",
+      "r=110     #MVA rating\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "rr=r/pf \n",
+      "print(rr,'MVA rating') \n",
+      "eff=.971 \n",
+      "rt=r/eff \n",
+      "print(rt,'prime mover rating(MW)') \n",
+      "T_PM=rt*1000*60/(2*math.pi*n_s) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_PM,'op torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(60.0, 'no of poles')\n",
+        "(137.5, 'MVA rating')\n",
+        "(113.28527291452112, 'prime mover rating(MW)')\n",
+        "(10817.946698316264, 'op torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.20, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate sec. line voltage, line current and output va\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)Y/D conn') \n",
+      "V_LY=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_LY/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "a=12 \n",
+      "V_PD=V_PY/a \n",
+      "V_LD=V_PD     \n",
+      "print(V_LD,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_PY=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_PY*a \n",
+      "I_LD=I_PD*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_LD,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LD*I_LD     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)D/Y conn') \n",
+      "I_LD=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_LD/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_LY=I_PD*a         \n",
+      "print(I_LY,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "V_PD=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_PD/a \n",
+      "V_LY=V_PY*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(V_LY,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LY*I_LY    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Y/D conn\n",
+        "(317.5426480542942, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(207.84609690826525, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n",
+        "(b)D/Y conn\n",
+        "(69.2820323027551, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(952.6279441628825, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.21, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine armature current,pf,power angle,mech power developed and eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Vt=3300/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=4270/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Pein=750000.0/3 \n",
+      "Zs=.8+j*5.5 \n",
+      "a=90-math.degrees(math.atan((Zs.imag)/(Zs.real)))\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin(Pein-(Zs.real)*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)/((Vt*Ef/abs(Zs))))\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle(deg)') \n",
+      "b=Vt-Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl))) \n",
+      "Ia=b/Zs \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real)))\n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),'pf') \n",
+      "Ef=math.sqrt(3)*Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl))) \n",
+      "Pm=math.sqrt(3)*abs(Ef)*abs(Ia)*math.cos(math.radians(dl+phi))\n",
+      "print(Pm,'mech power developed(W)') \n",
+      "Pst=30000 \n",
+      "Pmnet=Pm-Pst \n",
+      "eff=Pmnet/(Pein*3)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "ename": "ValueError",
+       "evalue": "math domain error",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
+        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-6-af32ec64a4fb>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     10\u001b[0m \u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m.8\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0mj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m5.5\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     11\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m90\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0matan\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mimag\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 12\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0masin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mPein\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mVt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mVt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     13\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'power angle(deg)'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     14\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mVt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcomplex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mradians\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mradians\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: math domain error"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.22, Page No 223"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find armature current,power factor and power ip\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Vt=3300/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=4270/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Pein=600000/3 \n",
+      "Zs=.8+j*5.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=90-math.degrees(math.atan((Zs.imag)/(Zs.real)))\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((Pein+(Zs.real)*(Ef/abs(Zs))**2)/((Vt*Ef/abs(Zs))))-a )\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "b=Vt-Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl)))\n",
+      "Ia=b/Zs \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real)))\n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),'pf') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Peinn=math.sqrt(3.0)*3300*abs(Ia)*math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(Peinn,'power ip(W)') \n",
+      "loss=Peinn-Pein*3 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(loss,'ohmic loss(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "ename": "ValueError",
+       "evalue": "math domain error",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
+        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-7-f2810ca219fa>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     10\u001b[0m \u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m.8\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0mj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m5.5\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     11\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m90\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0matan\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mimag\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 12\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0masin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mPein\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mVt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     13\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'power angle'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     14\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mVt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcomplex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mradians\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mradians\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: math domain error"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.23, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate pu adjusted sync reactance, feild reactance, reactive power op, rotor power angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "r=10*10**6 \n",
+      "V_SC=13.8*10**3 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V_SC) \n",
+      "If=226.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iff=842.0 \n",
+      "I_SC=Ia*Iff/If \n",
+      "Xsadj=(V_SC/math.sqrt(3))/I_SC \n",
+      "\n",
+      "va_b=10*10**6 \n",
+      "v_b=13800 \n",
+      "Xspu=Xsadj*va_b/v_b**2 \n",
+      "print(Xspu,'Xs(pu)') \n",
+      "Ra=.75 \n",
+      "Zs=Ra+j*Xsadj \n",
+      "a=90-math.degrees(math.atan((Zs.imag)/(Zs.real))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Pe=8.75*10**6 \n",
+      "Qe=Pe*math.tan(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "Vt=V_SC/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Pe/3.0)/(Vt*pf) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+abs(Ia)*abs(Zs)*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90-a-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(90-a-phi))) \n",
+      "Ef=abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "If=Iff*Ef/V_SC \n",
+      "print(If,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "loss=3*abs(Ia)**2*Ra \n",
+      "Pmin=Pe+loss \n",
+      "print(Pmin,'reactive power op(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=842 \n",
+      "Voc=7968 \n",
+      "Pmin=Pmin/3 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((Pmin-(Zs.real)*(Voc/abs(Zs))**2)/((Voc**2/abs(Zs)))))+a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "Q=-(Voc/abs(Zs))**2*(Zs.imag)+Voc**2*math.cos(math.radians(dl+a))/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "print(Q,'reactive power op(VAR)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2684085510688836, 'Xs(pu)')\n",
+        "(1074.3932057155528, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(9122249.546858348, 'reactive power op(W)')\n",
+        "(44.00614893481687, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(-7524957.4047774, 'reactive power op(VAR)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.25, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the excitation emf,power angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=1.0\n",
+      "Ia=1.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Xq=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xq \n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=17.1 \n",
+      "w=phi+dl \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Xd=.8 \n",
+      "CD=Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)+CD \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real))),'power angle') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.7088007490635064, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(-16.313852426260553, 'power angle')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.26, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate excitation emf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "P=1500.0*1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Xq=2.88 \n",
+      "Xd=4.01 \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*0-Ia*Xq)/Vt))\n",
+      "dl=phi-w \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Iq=Ia*math.cos(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))-Id*Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ef*math.sqrt(3.0),'excitation emf(line)(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3739.5700468573696, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.27, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate generator terminal voltage,excitation emf,power angle\n",
+      " \n",
+      "Xd=1.48 \n",
+      "Xq=1.24 \n",
+      "Xe=.1 \n",
+      "Xdt=Xd+Xe \n",
+      "Xqt=Xq+Xe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "MVA=1 \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "#(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))**2+(Vt*math.sin(math.radians(phi))+Ia*Xe)**2=Vb**2 \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Vt**2-.0870*Vt-.99=0 \n",
+      "def\tquad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if x1 < Vb :\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else :\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "\treturn x\n",
+      "Vt=quad(1,-.0870,-.99) \n",
+      "print(Vt,'terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "phi=20 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Ef=Vb+j*Iaa*Xqt \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef) \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "w=dl+phi \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=Ef+Id*(Xdt-Xqt) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.0394378745684894, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(-11.46760596259884, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(2.34011465088481, 'excitation emf(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find max pu power, pu armature current, pu reactive power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Xd=1.02 \n",
+      "Xq=.68 \n",
+      "Pmmax=Vt**2*(Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq) \n",
+      "print(Pmmax,'max pu power') \n",
+      "dl=.5*math.degrees(math.asin(Pmmax/(Vt**2*(Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Id=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xd \n",
+      "Iq=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xq \n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt(Id**2+Iq**2) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Qe=Id*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))+Iq*Vt*math.sin(math.radians(dl)) \n",
+      "print(Qe,'reactive power(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(Qe/Pmmax))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2450980392156862, 'max pu power')\n",
+        "(1.249759684704114, 'armature current(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.2254901960784315, 'reactive power(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.196116135138184, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate power angle,excitation emf,field current\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "MVA_b=300.0 \n",
+      "kV_b=22.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=250.0/MVA_b \n",
+      "pf=.85 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=Pe/(pf*Vt) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Xq=1.16 \n",
+      "Xd=1.93 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xq \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "w=phi+dl \n",
+      "Id=abs(Iaa)*math.sin(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=abs(Ef)+Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "print(Ef*kV_b,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=338.0 \n",
+      "If=If*Ef/1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(If,'field current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-16.941789546757967, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(49.48501576455793, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(760.2697876554809, 'field current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.30, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find max andmin pu field excitation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Xd=.71 \n",
+      "Xq=.58 \n",
+      "Xe=.08 \n",
+      "Xdt=Xd+Xe \n",
+      "Xqt=Xq+Xe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pe=0 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "phi=90 \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "Iq=0 \n",
+      "Id=Ia \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt+Id*Xdt \n",
+      "Ifmax=Ef \n",
+      "print(Ifmax,'max field excitation(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Id*Xdt \n",
+      "Ifmin=Ef \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ifmin,'min field excitation(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.79, 'max field excitation(A)')\n",
+        "(0.21000000000000008, 'min field excitation(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.31, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate synchronising power and torque coeff/deg mech shift\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=11000.0\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "P=6*10**6.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "ohm_b=Vt/Ia \n",
+      "Xs=.5 \n",
+      "Xss=Xs*ohm_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=8.0 \n",
+      "n_s=(120*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "Psyn=(math.pi/15)*(Ef*Vt/Xss)*math.cos(math.radians(dl))\n",
+      "print(Psyn,'synchronising power(W)') \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'torque coeff(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*Xss*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "Psyn=(math.pi/15)*(abs(Ef)*Vt/Xss)*math.cos(math.radians(dl)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Psyn,'synchronising power(W)') \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'torque coeff(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(837758.0409572781, 'synchronising power(W)')\n",
+        "(10666.666666666666, 'torque coeff(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1172861.257340189, 'synchronising power(W)')\n",
+        "(14933.333333333328, 'torque coeff(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.32, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to calculate syncronising power/elec deg,pu sync torque/mech deg\n",
+      " \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Xd=.8 \n",
+      "Xq=.5 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ia=1*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xq \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real))) \n",
+      "w=-dl+phi \n",
+      "Id=abs(Ia)*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Ef=Eff+Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Psyn=abs(Ef)*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xd+Vt**2*((Xd-Xq)/(Xd*Xq))*math.cos(math.radians(2*dl))\n",
+      "print(Psyn*(math.pi/180),'syncronising power(pu)/elec deg') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "P=12 \n",
+      "n_s=(120*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'pu sync torque/mech deg') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.02617993877991495, 'syncronising power(pu)/elec deg')\n",
+        "(0.028647889756541166, 'pu sync torque/mech deg')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.33, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to calculate sync current, power and torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "P=12000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xs=2.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),math.sin(math.radians(phi)))*Xs \n",
+      "tandl=4 \n",
+      "Es=2*abs(Ef)*math.cos(math.radians(tandl/2)) \n",
+      "Is=Es/Xs \n",
+      "print(Is,'sync current(A)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "Ps=3*Vt*Is*math.cos(dl+tandl/2)\n",
+      "print(Ps,'power(W)') \n",
+      "n_s=25*math.pi \n",
+      "T_s=Ps/n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(152.2500120412367, 'sync current(A)')\n",
+        "(3657.484067729796, 'power(W)')\n",
+        "(46.568533492723965, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.34, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate value of syncpower\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=6600.0\n",
+      "E=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=12.0 \n",
+      "dl=1.0*P/2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "r=20000.0*10**3 \n",
+      "I=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Xs=1.65 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Psy=dl*(math.pi/180.0)*E**2/Xs \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Psy,'sync power(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(921533.8450530063, 'sync power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.35, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine op current and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P1=400.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P2=400.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P3=300.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P4=800.0*10**3 \n",
+      "pf1=1 \n",
+      "pf2=.85 \n",
+      "pf3=.8 \n",
+      "pf4=.7 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi1=math.degrees(math.acos(pf1))\n",
+      "phi2=math.degrees(math.acos(pf2)) \n",
+      "phi3=math.degrees(math.acos(pf3)) \n",
+      "phi4=math.degrees(math.acos(pf4))\n",
+      "P=P1+P2+P3+P4 \n",
+      "Q1=P1*math.tan(math.radians(phi1))\n",
+      "Q2=P2*math.tan(math.radians(phi2)) \n",
+      "Q3=P3*math.tan(math.radians(phi3))\n",
+      "Q4=P4*math.tan(math.radians(phi4)) \n",
+      "Q=Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I=100 \n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "P_A=math.sqrt(3)*V*I*pf \n",
+      "P_B=P-P_A \n",
+      "Q_A=P_A*math.tan(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))) )\n",
+      "Q_B=Q-Q_A \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(Q_B/P_B))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "I_B=P_B/(math.sqrt(3.0)*pf*V) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_B,'op current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9077210377902825, 'pf')\n",
+        "(83.9540921749662, 'op current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.36, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the pf and current supplied by the m/c\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=50000.0\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Q=P*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "P1=P/2 \n",
+      "pf1=.9 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi1=math.degrees(math.acos(pf1))\n",
+      "Q1=P1*math.cos(math.radians(phi1)) \n",
+      "P2=P/2 \n",
+      "Q2=Q-Q1 \n",
+      "phi2=math.degrees(math.atan(Q2/P2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi2)) \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "V_L=400.0\n",
+      "I2=P2/(math.sqrt(3)*V_L*pf) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I2,'current supplied by m/c(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8192319205190405, 'pf')\n",
+        "(44.04661356638744, 'current supplied by m/c(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.37, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to find initial current,current at the end of 2 cycles and at the end of 10s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ef=1.0 \n",
+      "Xd2=.2 \n",
+      "I2=Ef/Xd2 \n",
+      "r=100*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_b=r/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "I2=I2*I_b \n",
+      "print(I2,'initial current(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xd1=.3 \n",
+      "I1=Ef/Xd1 \n",
+      "Xd=1 \n",
+      "I=Ef/Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "tau_dw=0.03 \n",
+      "tau_f=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def I_sc(t):\n",
+      "    a=(I2-I1)*math.exp(-t/tau_dw)+(I1-I)*math.exp(-t/tau_f)+1 \n",
+      "    return a\n",
+      "#2 cycles=0.04s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_sc(.2867)*I_b,'current at the end of 2 cycles(A)') \n",
+      "print(I_sc(10)*I_b,'current at the end of 10s(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(13121.597027036949, 'initial current(A)')\n",
+        "(9656.315026038814, 'current at the end of 2 cycles(A)')\n",
+        "(2624.5974078796426, 'current at the end of 10s(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.39, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate sync reactance,voltage regulation,torque angle, ele power developed, voltage and kva rating\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=1000.0*10**3 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "pf=.75 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=-math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=11400.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "#Ef*complex(cosd(dl),sind(dl))=Vt+j*Xs*Ia*complex(cosd(phi),sind(phi))\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#6.58*cosd(dl)=3.81+.058*Xs \n",
+      "#6.58*sind(dl)=.0656*Xs \n",
+      "#so after solving \n",
+      "#cosd(dl-phi)=.434 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(0.434))+phi \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xs=Ef*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/65.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xs,'sync reactance(ohm)') \n",
+      "vr=Ef*math.sqrt(3.0)/V-1 \n",
+      "print(vr,'voltage regulation(%)') \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "P=3*Ef*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(dl-phi)) \n",
+      "print(P,'ele power developed(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "volr=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(volr,'voltage rating(V)') \n",
+      "ir=Ia*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(ir,'current rating(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*volr*ir \n",
+      "print(r,'VA rating') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(38.99116776362744, 'sync reactance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.7272727272727273, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(22.86869850821798, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(749636.3636363635, 'ele power developed(W)')\n",
+        "(3810.5117766515305, 'voltage rating(V)')\n",
+        "(151.5151515151515, 'current rating(A)')\n",
+        "(999999.9999999999, 'VA rating')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.40, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine m/c and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "P=230.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000.0 \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xs=1.2 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Xs*Ia \n",
+      "#if Ef is inc by 30%\n",
+      "Ef=1.3*abs(Ef) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((P/3.0)*Xs/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(dl)),math.sin(math.radians(dl))))-Vt)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'m/c current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))))),'pf') \n",
+      "P=275*10**6 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((P/3.0)*Xs/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(dl)),math.sin(math.radians(dl))))-Vt)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'m/c current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))))),'pf') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(11819.373430797657, 'm/c current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8597700086643913, 'pf')\n",
+        "(12155.509739365927, 'm/c current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8046772266804496, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.41, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to calculate excitation emf,torque angle, eff, shaft op\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Va=.8 \n",
+      "Xa=5.5 \n",
+      "Xs=Va+j*Xa \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Ia=160.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "loss=30000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ef=V/math.sqrt(3.0)-Xs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi)))\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "P_mech=3*abs(Ef)*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(-phi-dl)) \n",
+      "op_sft=P_mech-loss \n",
+      "print(op_sft,'shaft op(W)') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*Ia*pf \n",
+      "eff=op_sft/Pip\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1254.2995269504831, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(28.82797497778111, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(217778.26111709396, 'shaft op(W)')\n",
+        "(29.76665191278476, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.42, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to caculate generator current,pf, real power,ecitation emf\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=500.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'generator current(A)') \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Zb=Vt/Ia \n",
+      "MVA_b=500.0\n",
+      "MW_b=500.0 \n",
+      "Xsg=1.57 \n",
+      "Xb=.4 \n",
+      "Xb=Xb/Zb \n",
+      "rr=250.0 \n",
+      "rr=rr/MVA_b \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Ia=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.asin(Xb*Ia/2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pe=rr*pf \n",
+      "print(Pe,'real power(pu)') \n",
+      "Eg=complex(Vt,Xsg*rr**complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))\n",
+      "Egg=abs(Eg)*V \n",
+      "print(Egg,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "rr=500.0 \n",
+      "rr=rr/MVA_b \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.asin(Xb*Ia/2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pe=rr*pf \n",
+      "print(Pe,'real power(pu)') \n",
+      "Eg=complex(Vt,Xsg*rr**complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))\n",
+      "Egg=abs(Eg)*V \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Egg,'excitation emf(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(13121.597027036949, 'generator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9946496442265089, 'pf')\n",
+        "(0.49732482211325446, 'real power(pu)')\n",
+        "(27016.768055398476, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(0.9784230470709913, 'pf')\n",
+        "(0.9784230470709913, 'real power(pu)')\n",
+        "(40951.33209066587, 'excitation emf(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.43, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to  ulate pf angle, torque angle,equivalent capicitor and inductor value\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "of1=250.0 \n",
+      "scr=0.52     #short ckt ratio\n",
+      "of2=of1/scr \n",
+      "r=25.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=13000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Isc=Ia*of1/of2 \n",
+      "Xs=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Isc) \n",
+      "Xb=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ia) \n",
+      "Xsadj=Xs/Xb \n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "If=200.0 \n",
+      "Ef=V*If/of1 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef/math.sqrt(3.0))/Xs \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "pf=90.0 \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf angle(deg)') \n",
+      "L=(V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ia))/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L,'inductor value(H)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=300.0 \n",
+      "Eff=V*If/of1 \n",
+      "Vt=Ef/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=(Eff/math.sqrt(3)-Vt)/Xs \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "pf=90.0 \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf angle(deg)') \n",
+      "c=1.0/((V/(Ia))*(2.0*math.pi*f)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'capacitor value(F)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(90.0, 'pf angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(0.2069014260194639, 'inductor value(H)')\n",
+        "(0, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(90.0, 'pf angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(5.654655337659404e-05, 'capacitor value(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.44, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to determine Xs(saturated),scr,Xs(unsat)and If,generator current\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "MVA_b=400.0 \n",
+      "kV_b=22.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ib=MVA_b/(math.sqrt(3.0)*kV_b) \n",
+      "ohm_b=kV_b/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ib) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=1120.0 \n",
+      "Voc=kV_b/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Isc=13.2 \n",
+      "Xssat=Voc/Isc \n",
+      "print(Xssat,'Xs(saturated)(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xss=Xssat/ohm_b \n",
+      "print(Xss,'Xs(saturated)(pu)') \n",
+      "scr=1/Xss \n",
+      "print(scr,'SCR') \n",
+      "Isc=Ib \n",
+      "Voc=24.4/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xsunsat=Voc/Isc \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xsunsat,'Xs(unsaturated)(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xsuns=Xsunsat/ohm_b \n",
+      "print(Xsuns,'Xs(unsaturated)(pu)') \n",
+      "Iff=If*scr \n",
+      "print(Iff,'generator current(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9622504486493764, 'Xs(saturated)(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.795248304668906, 'Xs(saturated)(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.257468886295005, 'SCR')\n",
+        "(1.342, 'Xs(unsaturated)(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1.109090909090909, 'Xs(unsaturated)(pu)')\n",
+        "(1408.3651526504057, 'generator current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.45, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find motor pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "P=800000.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Zs=2+20*j \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Zs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi))+math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Pip=1200*10**3.0 \n",
+      "theta=math.degrees(math.atan((Zs.imag)/(Zs.real)))\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(((Ef.real)**2*math.degrees(math.acos(theta))/abs(Zs)-P/3.0)/((Ef.real)*abs(Ef)/abs(Zs))))-theta \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef.real)-abs(Ef)*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl))))/Zs \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "ename": "ValueError",
+       "evalue": "math domain error",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
+        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-10-84d5f78c41ee>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     15\u001b[0m \u001b[0mPip\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1200\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m10\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3.0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     16\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtheta\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0matan\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mimag\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 17\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0macos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0macos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtheta\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mP\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3.0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtheta\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     18\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     19\u001b[0m \u001b[0mIa\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcomplex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mradians\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mradians\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: math domain error"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.46, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find exciting emf neglecting saliency and accounting saliency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Xd=.12/3 \n",
+      "Xq=.075/3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('neglecting saliency') \n",
+      "Xs=Xd \n",
+      "V=440.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=1000.0 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Xs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation emf(line)(V)') \n",
+      "print('accounting saliency') \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*math.sin(math.radians(phi))+Ia*Xq)/(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))))\n",
+      "dl=w-phi \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))+Ia*math.sin(math.radians(dl))*Xd\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation emf(line)(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "neglecting saliency\n",
+        "(497.16652214438125, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n",
+        "accounting saliency\n",
+        "(443.9254541572264, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.47, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate excitation emf,max load motor supplies, torque angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xd=23.2 \n",
+      "Xq=14.5 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "r=1500*1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V)\n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*math.sin(math.radians(-phi))+Ia*Xq)/(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))))\n",
+      "dl=-phi-w \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle') \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))-Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))*Xd \n",
+      "print(Ef,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=V**2*((Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'load supplied(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-29.696320419057813, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(3690.199749168095, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(563275.8620689656, 'load supplied(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.49, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find no load freq setting,sys freq,at no load freq of swing generator, system trip freq\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "loadtot=260.0\n",
+      "r=125.0 \n",
+      "pf=.84 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "genfl=r*pf \n",
+      "sld=75     #supply load\n",
+      "n=3     #no of generators\n",
+      "ls=loadtot-n*sld \n",
+      "m=-5/genfl \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "ff=f-m*sld \n",
+      "print(ff,'set freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "c=f-m*ls \n",
+      "print(c,'set freq(Hz) supplied from swing generator') \n",
+      "nld=sld+50/4 \n",
+      "c=ff+m*nld \n",
+      "print(c,'new system freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "rld=310-n*sld \n",
+      "c=f-m*rld \n",
+      "print(c,'set freq(Hz) of swing generator') \n",
+      "nld=310.0/n \n",
+      "c=ff+m*nld \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'system trip freq(Hz)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(53.57142857142857, 'set freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(51.666666666666664, 'set freq(Hz) supplied from swing generator')\n",
+        "(49.42857142857143, 'new system freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(54.04761904761905, 'set freq(Hz) of swing generator')\n",
+        "(48.65079365079365, 'system trip freq(Hz)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08_1.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..928eaeef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2474 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 08 : Synchronous Machines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine voltage regulation by mmf method\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "pf=0.85 \n",
+      "P=150*10**6 \n",
+      "V=13*1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iarated=P/(math.sqrt(3)*pf*V) \n",
+      "If=750 \n",
+      "Ifocc=810 \n",
+      "B=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ff=math.sqrt((Ifocc+If*math.sin(math.radians(B)))**2+(If*math.cos(math.radians(B)))**2) \n",
+      "Ef=16.3*1000 \n",
+      "vr=Ef/V-1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(vr*100,'voltage regulation(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(25.384615384615383, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the excitation emf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=3300.0 \n",
+      "Xs=18/3.0 \n",
+      "pf=.707 \n",
+      "P=800*1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*Vt*pf) \n",
+      "a=Ia*Xs/math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "b=Vt/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=math.sqrt((a+b)**2+a**2)*math.sqrt(3.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ef,'excitation emf(V)(line)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4972.3367904266, 'excitation emf(V)(line)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.7, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#to compute the max power and torque,terminal voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "P=1000*10**3 \n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(V*math.sqrt(3)*pf) \n",
+      "Xsm=3.24 \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Efm=Vt-j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "Efg=abs(Efm) \n",
+      "P_emax=3*Vt*Efg/Xsm \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power(W)') \n",
+      "p=24 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_sm=(120*f*2*math.pi)/(p*60) \n",
+      "Tmax=P_emax/w_sm \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xsg=4.55 \n",
+      "Efm=Vt-j*Ia*Xsg \n",
+      "Efmm=abs(Efm) \n",
+      "X=Xsm+Xsg \n",
+      "P_emax=3*Efg*Efmm/X \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power(W)') \n",
+      "Tmax=P_emax/w_sm \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=90 \n",
+      "Efm=Efg*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "Efg=Efmm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0)))\n",
+      "Ia=(Efg-Efm)/(j*X) \n",
+      "v=j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "Vt=Efm+j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Vt)*math.sqrt(3),'line voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2361111.1111111115, 'max power(W)')\n",
+        "(90187.80108540738, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(571722.5941289428, 'max power(W)')\n",
+        "(21838.194463906242, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(2153.0750379274127, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.8 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#max power supplied, power angle d, corresponding field current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "r=100*10**6.0     #va\n",
+      "V=11000.0 \n",
+      "P=100*10**6 \n",
+      "Ef=1     #pu\n",
+      "Vth=1     #pu\n",
+      "Xs=1.3     #pu\n",
+      "Xth=.24     #pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "P_emax=Ef*Vth/(Xs+Xth) \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power delivered(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "d=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*Xth/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "print(d,'power angle') \n",
+      "Vt=math.exp(j*d) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Vth)/(j*Xth) \n",
+      "Ef=Vth+j*(Xs+Xth)*Ia \n",
+      "Voc=11000 \n",
+      "If=256 \n",
+      "Ff=19150 \n",
+      "Iff=If*Ff/Voc\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Iff,'If(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.6493506493506493, 'max power delivered(pu)')\n",
+        "(13.88654036262899, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(445, 'If(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.9, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the generator current and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "X=.24 \n",
+      "r=400.0     #rating in MVA\n",
+      "rr=600.0     #rating in MVA\n",
+      "Pe=r/rr \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Vth=1 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*X/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "Ia=2*math.sin(math.radians(dl/2))/X \n",
+      "V=24000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "IaB=(rr/3.0)*10**6/(V/math.sqrt(3.0)) \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*IaB \n",
+      "print(Iaa,'generating current(A)') \n",
+      "phi=dl/2.0 \n",
+      "pf= math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=1 \n",
+      "dl1=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*X/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "Ia=2*math.sin(math.radians(dl1/2.0))/X \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*IaB \n",
+      "print(Iaa,'generating current(A)') \n",
+      "phi=dl1/2.0 \n",
+      "pf= math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor') \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*(complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))*X \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)*V \n",
+      "dl2=math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xth=.24 \n",
+      "Pe=abs(Ef)*Vth*math.sin(math.radians(dl1+dl2))/(X+Xth) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'Pe(pu)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(9653.646665937797, 'generating current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9967740502090344, 'power factor')\n",
+        "(14540.391150848647, 'generating current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9926663306370695, 'power factor')\n",
+        "(0.560889816748067, 'Pe(pu)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.10 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature resistance, sync reactance, full load stray load loss, Rac/Rdc,various categories of losses at full load,full load eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=60*10**3.0 \n",
+      "Psc=3950.0 \n",
+      "Isc=108.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Raeff=Psc/(3*Isc**2) \n",
+      "print(Raeff,'effective armature resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ifoc=2.85 \n",
+      "Ifsc=1.21 \n",
+      "I_SC=Isc*Ifoc/Ifsc \n",
+      "Zs=(V/math.sqrt(3))/I_SC \n",
+      "Xs=math.sqrt(Zs**2-Raeff**2) \n",
+      "print(Xs,'sync reactance(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "t1=25 \n",
+      "t2=75 \n",
+      "Rdc=0.075 \n",
+      "Radc=Rdc*((273+t2)/(273+t1)) \n",
+      "Iarated=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Pscc=Psc*(Iarated/Isc)**2 \n",
+      "P=3*Iarated**2*Radc \n",
+      "print(P,'armature loss(W)') \n",
+      "loss=Pscc-P \n",
+      "print(loss,'loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=Raeff/Radc \n",
+      "print(a,'Rac/Rdc') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pwf=900.0 \n",
+      "print(Pwf,'windage and friction loss(W)') \n",
+      "tloss=2440 \n",
+      "closs=tloss-Pwf \n",
+      "print(closs,'core loss(W)') \n",
+      "If=3.1 \n",
+      "Rf=110 \n",
+      "Pcu=If**2*Rf \n",
+      "print(Pcu,'field cu loss(W)') \n",
+      "print(loss,'stray load loss(W)') \n",
+      "b=loss+Pcu+closs+Pwf+P \n",
+      "print(b,'total loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=0.8 \n",
+      "op=r*pf \n",
+      "ip=op+b \n",
+      "eff=op/ip \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.11288294467306813, 'effective armature resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.9008089329407498, 'sync reactance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1687.5, 'armature loss(W)')\n",
+        "(852.3662551440325, 'loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1.5051059289742417, 'Rac/Rdc')\n",
+        "(900.0, 'windage and friction loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1540.0, 'core loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1057.1000000000001, 'field cu loss(W)')\n",
+        "(852.3662551440325, 'stray load loss(W)')\n",
+        "(6036.966255144032, 'total loss(W)')\n",
+        "(0.8882808071304457, 'efficiency')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.11, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate net power op,eff,line current and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Zs=(1.0/3)*(.3+j*6) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.atan(Zs.imag/Zs.real))\n",
+      "Vt=400.0/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=600.0/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "a=math.sqrt(Vt**2+Ef**2-2*Vt*Ef*math.cos(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Ia=a/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Ia,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "B=math.degrees(math.acos((Vt**2+a**2-Ef**2)/(2*Vt*a)))\n",
+      "phi=90-(90-math.degrees(math.atan(Zs.imag/Zs.real)))-B \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),'pf') \n",
+      "Pein=Vt*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "Ra=.1 \n",
+      "b=Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "loss=2400 \n",
+      "Pmout=Pein-loss/3.0-b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pmout,'net power op(W)') \n",
+      "eff=Pmout/Pein \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(54.98573992282153, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(-0.9999999999999998, 'pf')\n",
+        "(-13800.755857898721, 'net power op(W)')\n",
+        "(108.68095238095239, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Zs=.8+j*5 \n",
+      "Vt=3300.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Pein=800*10**3.0/3     #per ph\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Qe=-Pein*math.tan(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))))\n",
+      "#a=Ef*math.cos(math.radians(dl-a))\n",
+      "#b=Ef=math.cos(math.radians(dl-a))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=((abs(Zs)/Vt)*(Pein-Zs.real*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)) \n",
+      "b=((abs(Zs)/Vt)*(-Qe+(Zs.imag)*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=math.sqrt(a**2+b**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pein=(1200.0/3)*1000 \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.asin((abs(Zs)/(Vt*Ef))*(Pein-pf*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)))\n",
+      "Qe=(Zs.imag)*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2-Ef*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(a))/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(Qe/Pein))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') d"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8329179992811746, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.13 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to determine excitation emf, torque angle,stator current, pf, max power, kVAR delivered\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "P=10000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "X=16 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*X*Iaa \n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real))\n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pe=P*pf \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)*1.2 \n",
+      "dl=(Pe/3)*X/(Eff*Vt) \n",
+      "ta=math.degrees(math.asin(dl))\n",
+      "print(ta,'torque angle') \n",
+      "Ia=(Eff*complex(math.cos(math.radians(ta)),math.sin(math.radians(ta)))-Vt)/(j*X) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'stator current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=413 \n",
+      "Pemax=Ef*Vt/X \n",
+      "Ia=(Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))-Vt)/(j*X) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'stator current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Qe=((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))*Pe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Qe,'kVar delivered') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(438.17804600413285, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(-18.434948822922003, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(20.570777448577868, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(20.003478706674613, 'stator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8165675681224028, 'pf')\n",
+        "(29.57394950937959, 'stator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.48805644728523245, 'pf')\n",
+        "(-14306.739670518926, 'kVar delivered')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.14 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature current, pf ,power angle, power , shaft torques,kVar\n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "P=8000.0 \n",
+      "Prot=500.0 \n",
+      "Pmg=P+Prot \n",
+      "Pein=Pmg \n",
+      "Ef=750.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Vt=231 \n",
+      "Xs=16.0 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin(Xs*(Pein/3)/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Eff=Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl))) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Eff)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "T=Pein/w_s \n",
+      "print(T,'torque developed(Nm)') \n",
+      "T_s=P/w_s \n",
+      "print(T_s,'shaft torques(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=600/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "rr=3*Vt*Ia/1000 \n",
+      "print(rr,'kVar rating') \n",
+      "c=(abs(Ia)/Vt)/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(-c,'capicator rating(F)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=300/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "rr=3*Vt*Ia/1000 \n",
+      "print(-rr,'kVar rating') \n",
+      "L=(Vt/abs(rr))/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L,'inductor rating(H)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=j*2000/Vt \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xs \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(15.629324184839682, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.6197800073964136, 'pf')\n",
+        "(54.11268065124441, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n",
+        "(50.929581789406505, 'shaft torques(Nm)')\n",
+        "(-4.998702620565402, 'kVar rating')\n",
+        "(-9.939446800839497e-05, 'capicator rating(F)')\n",
+        "(-2.503242439717299, 'kVar rating')\n",
+        "(0.2937373645549075, 'inductor rating(H)')\n",
+        "(160.16596233973502, 'excitation(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.15, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find the excitation emf,mech power developed,pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "r=4*10.0**6 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "Xs=4.8 \n",
+      "#Vt**2+Ef**2-2*Vt*Efcosd(dl)=(Ia*Xs)**2\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Ef**2-7.16*Ef+11.69=0 \n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    return x1,x2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=[0,0]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=quad(1,-7.16,11.69) \n",
+      "dl=20.0\n",
+      "print(Ef[0],'excitation(kV)') \n",
+      "Pm=3*3.81*Ef[0]*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/Xs \n",
+      "print(Pm,'power developed(MW)') \n",
+      "pf1=Pm*10**6/(math.sqrt(3)*V*Ia) \n",
+      "print(pf1,'pf1') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(Ef[1],'excitation(kV)') \n",
+      "Pm=3*3.81*Ef[1]*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/Xs \n",
+      "print(Pm,'power developed(MW)') \n",
+      "pf2=Pm*10**6/(math.sqrt(3)*V*Ia) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf2,'pf2') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4.641319932913728, 'excitation(kV)')\n",
+        "(3.780055563783382, 'power developed(MW)')\n",
+        "(0.9450138909458456, 'pf1')\n",
+        "(2.518680067086272, 'excitation(kV)')\n",
+        "(2.0513023748834374, 'power developed(MW)')\n",
+        "(0.5128255937208593, 'pf2')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.16, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find power angle,field current\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "V=400 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "Ia=50.0 \n",
+      "Xs=1.3 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xs \n",
+      "print(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real)),'power angle') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pm=Vt*Ia*pf \n",
+      "pff=.8 \n",
+      "Ia=Pm/(Vt*pff) \n",
+      "ang=math.degrees(math.acos(pff))\n",
+      "Eff=math.sqrt((Vt*math.cos(math.radians(ang)))**2+(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(ang))+Ia*Xs)**2) \n",
+      "If=.9 \n",
+      "Iff=If*Eff/abs(Ef)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Iff,'field current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(1.7565442792743275, 'field current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.17, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate motor eff,excitation emf and power angle, max power op,corresponding net op\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Sop=40*1000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=600.0 \n",
+      "Ra=0.8 \n",
+      "Xs=8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pst=2000.0 \n",
+      "Pmnet=30*1000.0 \n",
+      "Pm_dev=Pst+Pmnet \n",
+      "Ia=Sop/(math.sqrt(3)*Vt) \n",
+      "Poh=3*Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Pin=Pm_dev+Poh \n",
+      "eff=(1-(Poh+Pst)/Pin)*100 \n",
+      "print(eff,'motor eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "cos_phi=Pin/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Vt*Ia) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(cos_phi))\n",
+      "Ia=Ia*(math.cos(math.radians(phi))+j*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Vt=Vt/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Za=Ra+Xs*j \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Ia*Za \n",
+      "Ef_line=Ef*math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "print(Ef_line,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "delta=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(delta,'power angle(deg)') \n",
+      "IaRa=abs(Ia)*Ra \n",
+      "IaXs=abs(Ia)*Xs \n",
+      "AD=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi))-IaRa\n",
+      "CD=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+abs(Ia)*Xs \n",
+      "Ef_mag=math.sqrt((abs(AD))**2+(abs(CD))**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pm_out_gross=-((abs(Ef_mag))**2*Ra/(abs(Za))**2)+(Vt*abs(Ef_mag)/abs(Za))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pm_out_gross,'max power op(W)') \n",
+      "power_angle=math.degrees(math.atan((Za.imag)/(Za.real))) \n",
+      "print(power_angle,'power angle(deg)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(84.375, 'motor eff(%)')\n",
+        "(-190.24688522544741, 'excitation emf(V)')"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "(-0.0, 'power angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(24191.612053989564, 'max power op(W)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'power angle(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find the change in the poweer angle \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=4000.0 \n",
+      "V=400 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ia=Pe/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Xs=25 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl)))*Xs \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((Pe/3)*Xs/(Vt*abs(Ef)))) \n",
+      "ang=dl+a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(ang,'change in power angle(deg)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.596898962201344, 'change in power angle(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find no of poles,MVA rating, prime mover rating and op torque\n",
+      " \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=100.0 \n",
+      "P=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "print(P,'no of poles') \n",
+      "r=110     #MVA rating\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "rr=r/pf \n",
+      "print(rr,'MVA rating') \n",
+      "eff=.971 \n",
+      "rt=r/eff \n",
+      "print(rt,'prime mover rating(MW)') \n",
+      "T_PM=rt*1000*60/(2*math.pi*n_s) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_PM,'op torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(60.0, 'no of poles')\n",
+        "(137.5, 'MVA rating')\n",
+        "(113.28527291452112, 'prime mover rating(MW)')\n",
+        "(10817.946698316264, 'op torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.20, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate sec. line voltage, line current and output va\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)Y/D conn') \n",
+      "V_LY=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_LY/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "a=12 \n",
+      "V_PD=V_PY/a \n",
+      "V_LD=V_PD     \n",
+      "print(V_LD,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_PY=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_PY*a \n",
+      "I_LD=I_PD*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_LD,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LD*I_LD     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)D/Y conn') \n",
+      "I_LD=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_LD/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_LY=I_PD*a         \n",
+      "print(I_LY,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "V_PD=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_PD/a \n",
+      "V_LY=V_PY*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(V_LY,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LY*I_LY    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Y/D conn\n",
+        "(317.5426480542942, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(207.84609690826525, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n",
+        "(b)D/Y conn\n",
+        "(69.2820323027551, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(952.6279441628825, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.23, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate pu adjusted sync reactance, feild reactance, reactive power op, rotor power angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "r=10*10**6 \n",
+      "V_SC=13.8*10**3 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V_SC) \n",
+      "If=226.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iff=842.0 \n",
+      "I_SC=Ia*Iff/If \n",
+      "Xsadj=(V_SC/math.sqrt(3))/I_SC \n",
+      "\n",
+      "va_b=10*10**6 \n",
+      "v_b=13800 \n",
+      "Xspu=Xsadj*va_b/v_b**2 \n",
+      "print(Xspu,'Xs(pu)') \n",
+      "Ra=.75 \n",
+      "Zs=Ra+j*Xsadj \n",
+      "a=90-math.degrees(math.atan((Zs.imag)/(Zs.real))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Pe=8.75*10**6 \n",
+      "Qe=Pe*math.tan(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "Vt=V_SC/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Pe/3.0)/(Vt*pf) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+abs(Ia)*abs(Zs)*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90-a-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(90-a-phi))) \n",
+      "Ef=abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "If=Iff*Ef/V_SC \n",
+      "print(If,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "loss=3*abs(Ia)**2*Ra \n",
+      "Pmin=Pe+loss \n",
+      "print(Pmin,'reactive power op(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=842 \n",
+      "Voc=7968 \n",
+      "Pmin=Pmin/3 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((Pmin-(Zs.real)*(Voc/abs(Zs))**2)/((Voc**2/abs(Zs)))))+a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "Q=-(Voc/abs(Zs))**2*(Zs.imag)+Voc**2*math.cos(math.radians(dl+a))/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "print(Q,'reactive power op(VAR)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2684085510688836, 'Xs(pu)')\n",
+        "(1074.3932057155528, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(9122249.546858348, 'reactive power op(W)')\n",
+        "(44.00614893481687, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(-7524957.4047774, 'reactive power op(VAR)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.25, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the excitation emf,power angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=1.0\n",
+      "Ia=1.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Xq=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xq \n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=17.1 \n",
+      "w=phi+dl \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Xd=.8 \n",
+      "CD=Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)+CD \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real))),'power angle') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.7088007490635064, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(-16.313852426260553, 'power angle')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.26, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate excitation emf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "P=1500.0*1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Xq=2.88 \n",
+      "Xd=4.01 \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*0-Ia*Xq)/Vt))\n",
+      "dl=phi-w \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Iq=Ia*math.cos(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))-Id*Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ef*math.sqrt(3.0),'excitation emf(line)(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3739.5700468573696, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.27, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate generator terminal voltage,excitation emf,power angle\n",
+      " \n",
+      "Xd=1.48 \n",
+      "Xq=1.24 \n",
+      "Xe=.1 \n",
+      "Xdt=Xd+Xe \n",
+      "Xqt=Xq+Xe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "MVA=1 \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "#(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))**2+(Vt*math.sin(math.radians(phi))+Ia*Xe)**2=Vb**2 \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Vt**2-.0870*Vt-.99=0 \n",
+      "def\tquad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if x1 < Vb :\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else :\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "\treturn x\n",
+      "Vt=quad(1,-.0870,-.99) \n",
+      "print(Vt,'terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "phi=20 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Ef=Vb+j*Iaa*Xqt \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef) \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "w=dl+phi \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=Ef+Id*(Xdt-Xqt) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.0394378745684894, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(-11.46760596259884, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(2.34011465088481, 'excitation emf(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find max pu power, pu armature current, pu reactive power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Xd=1.02 \n",
+      "Xq=.68 \n",
+      "Pmmax=Vt**2*(Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq) \n",
+      "print(Pmmax,'max pu power') \n",
+      "dl=.5*math.degrees(math.asin(Pmmax/(Vt**2*(Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Id=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xd \n",
+      "Iq=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xq \n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt(Id**2+Iq**2) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Qe=Id*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))+Iq*Vt*math.sin(math.radians(dl)) \n",
+      "print(Qe,'reactive power(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(Qe/Pmmax))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2450980392156862, 'max pu power')\n",
+        "(1.249759684704114, 'armature current(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.2254901960784315, 'reactive power(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.196116135138184, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate power angle,excitation emf,field current\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "MVA_b=300.0 \n",
+      "kV_b=22.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=250.0/MVA_b \n",
+      "pf=.85 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=Pe/(pf*Vt) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Xq=1.16 \n",
+      "Xd=1.93 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xq \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "w=phi+dl \n",
+      "Id=abs(Iaa)*math.sin(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=abs(Ef)+Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "print(Ef*kV_b,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=338.0 \n",
+      "If=If*Ef/1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(If,'field current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-16.941789546757967, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(49.48501576455793, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(760.2697876554809, 'field current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.30, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find max andmin pu field excitation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Xd=.71 \n",
+      "Xq=.58 \n",
+      "Xe=.08 \n",
+      "Xdt=Xd+Xe \n",
+      "Xqt=Xq+Xe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pe=0 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "phi=90 \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "Iq=0 \n",
+      "Id=Ia \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt+Id*Xdt \n",
+      "Ifmax=Ef \n",
+      "print(Ifmax,'max field excitation(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Id*Xdt \n",
+      "Ifmin=Ef \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ifmin,'min field excitation(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.79, 'max field excitation(A)')\n",
+        "(0.21000000000000008, 'min field excitation(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.31, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate synchronising power and torque coeff/deg mech shift\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=11000.0\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "P=6*10**6.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "ohm_b=Vt/Ia \n",
+      "Xs=.5 \n",
+      "Xss=Xs*ohm_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=8.0 \n",
+      "n_s=(120*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "Psyn=(math.pi/15)*(Ef*Vt/Xss)*math.cos(math.radians(dl))\n",
+      "print(Psyn,'synchronising power(W)') \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'torque coeff(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*Xss*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "Psyn=(math.pi/15)*(abs(Ef)*Vt/Xss)*math.cos(math.radians(dl)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Psyn,'synchronising power(W)') \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'torque coeff(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(837758.0409572781, 'synchronising power(W)')\n",
+        "(10666.666666666666, 'torque coeff(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1172861.257340189, 'synchronising power(W)')\n",
+        "(14933.333333333328, 'torque coeff(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.32, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to calculate syncronising power/elec deg,pu sync torque/mech deg\n",
+      " \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Xd=.8 \n",
+      "Xq=.5 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ia=1*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xq \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real))) \n",
+      "w=-dl+phi \n",
+      "Id=abs(Ia)*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Ef=Eff+Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Psyn=abs(Ef)*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xd+Vt**2*((Xd-Xq)/(Xd*Xq))*math.cos(math.radians(2*dl))\n",
+      "print(Psyn*(math.pi/180),'syncronising power(pu)/elec deg') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "P=12 \n",
+      "n_s=(120*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'pu sync torque/mech deg') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.02617993877991495, 'syncronising power(pu)/elec deg')\n",
+        "(0.028647889756541166, 'pu sync torque/mech deg')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.33, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to calculate sync current, power and torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "P=12000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xs=2.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),math.sin(math.radians(phi)))*Xs \n",
+      "tandl=4 \n",
+      "Es=2*abs(Ef)*math.cos(math.radians(tandl/2)) \n",
+      "Is=Es/Xs \n",
+      "print(Is,'sync current(A)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "Ps=3*Vt*Is*math.cos(dl+tandl/2)\n",
+      "print(Ps,'power(W)') \n",
+      "n_s=25*math.pi \n",
+      "T_s=Ps/n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(152.2500120412367, 'sync current(A)')\n",
+        "(3657.484067729796, 'power(W)')\n",
+        "(46.568533492723965, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.34, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate value of syncpower\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=6600.0\n",
+      "E=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=12.0 \n",
+      "dl=1.0*P/2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "r=20000.0*10**3 \n",
+      "I=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Xs=1.65 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Psy=dl*(math.pi/180.0)*E**2/Xs \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Psy,'sync power(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(921533.8450530063, 'sync power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.35, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine op current and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P1=400.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P2=400.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P3=300.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P4=800.0*10**3 \n",
+      "pf1=1 \n",
+      "pf2=.85 \n",
+      "pf3=.8 \n",
+      "pf4=.7 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi1=math.degrees(math.acos(pf1))\n",
+      "phi2=math.degrees(math.acos(pf2)) \n",
+      "phi3=math.degrees(math.acos(pf3)) \n",
+      "phi4=math.degrees(math.acos(pf4))\n",
+      "P=P1+P2+P3+P4 \n",
+      "Q1=P1*math.tan(math.radians(phi1))\n",
+      "Q2=P2*math.tan(math.radians(phi2)) \n",
+      "Q3=P3*math.tan(math.radians(phi3))\n",
+      "Q4=P4*math.tan(math.radians(phi4)) \n",
+      "Q=Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I=100 \n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "P_A=math.sqrt(3)*V*I*pf \n",
+      "P_B=P-P_A \n",
+      "Q_A=P_A*math.tan(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))) )\n",
+      "Q_B=Q-Q_A \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(Q_B/P_B))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "I_B=P_B/(math.sqrt(3.0)*pf*V) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_B,'op current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9077210377902825, 'pf')\n",
+        "(83.9540921749662, 'op current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.36, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the pf and current supplied by the m/c\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=50000.0\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Q=P*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "P1=P/2 \n",
+      "pf1=.9 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi1=math.degrees(math.acos(pf1))\n",
+      "Q1=P1*math.cos(math.radians(phi1)) \n",
+      "P2=P/2 \n",
+      "Q2=Q-Q1 \n",
+      "phi2=math.degrees(math.atan(Q2/P2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi2)) \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "V_L=400.0\n",
+      "I2=P2/(math.sqrt(3)*V_L*pf) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I2,'current supplied by m/c(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8192319205190405, 'pf')\n",
+        "(44.04661356638744, 'current supplied by m/c(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.37, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to find initial current,current at the end of 2 cycles and at the end of 10s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ef=1.0 \n",
+      "Xd2=.2 \n",
+      "I2=Ef/Xd2 \n",
+      "r=100*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_b=r/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "I2=I2*I_b \n",
+      "print(I2,'initial current(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xd1=.3 \n",
+      "I1=Ef/Xd1 \n",
+      "Xd=1 \n",
+      "I=Ef/Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "tau_dw=0.03 \n",
+      "tau_f=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def I_sc(t):\n",
+      "    a=(I2-I1)*math.exp(-t/tau_dw)+(I1-I)*math.exp(-t/tau_f)+1 \n",
+      "    return a\n",
+      "#2 cycles=0.04s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_sc(.2867)*I_b,'current at the end of 2 cycles(A)') \n",
+      "print(I_sc(10)*I_b,'current at the end of 10s(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(13121.597027036949, 'initial current(A)')\n",
+        "(9656.315026038814, 'current at the end of 2 cycles(A)')\n",
+        "(2624.5974078796426, 'current at the end of 10s(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.39, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate sync reactance,voltage regulation,torque angle, ele power developed, voltage and kva rating\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=1000.0*10**3 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "pf=.75 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=-math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=11400.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "#Ef*complex(cosd(dl),sind(dl))=Vt+j*Xs*Ia*complex(cosd(phi),sind(phi))\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#6.58*cosd(dl)=3.81+.058*Xs \n",
+      "#6.58*sind(dl)=.0656*Xs \n",
+      "#so after solving \n",
+      "#cosd(dl-phi)=.434 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(0.434))+phi \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xs=Ef*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/65.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xs,'sync reactance(ohm)') \n",
+      "vr=Ef*math.sqrt(3.0)/V-1 \n",
+      "print(vr,'voltage regulation(%)') \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "P=3*Ef*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(dl-phi)) \n",
+      "print(P,'ele power developed(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "volr=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(volr,'voltage rating(V)') \n",
+      "ir=Ia*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(ir,'current rating(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*volr*ir \n",
+      "print(r,'VA rating') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(38.99116776362744, 'sync reactance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.7272727272727273, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(22.86869850821798, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(749636.3636363635, 'ele power developed(W)')\n",
+        "(3810.5117766515305, 'voltage rating(V)')\n",
+        "(151.5151515151515, 'current rating(A)')\n",
+        "(999999.9999999999, 'VA rating')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.40, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine m/c and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "P=230.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000.0 \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xs=1.2 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Xs*Ia \n",
+      "#if Ef is inc by 30%\n",
+      "Ef=1.3*abs(Ef) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((P/3.0)*Xs/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(dl)),math.sin(math.radians(dl))))-Vt)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'m/c current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))))),'pf') \n",
+      "P=275*10**6 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((P/3.0)*Xs/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(dl)),math.sin(math.radians(dl))))-Vt)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'m/c current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))))),'pf') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(11819.373430797657, 'm/c current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8597700086643913, 'pf')\n",
+        "(12155.509739365927, 'm/c current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8046772266804496, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.41, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to calculate excitation emf,torque angle, eff, shaft op\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Va=.8 \n",
+      "Xa=5.5 \n",
+      "Xs=Va+j*Xa \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Ia=160.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "loss=30000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ef=V/math.sqrt(3.0)-Xs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi)))\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "P_mech=3*abs(Ef)*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(-phi-dl)) \n",
+      "op_sft=P_mech-loss \n",
+      "print(op_sft,'shaft op(W)') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*Ia*pf \n",
+      "eff=op_sft/Pip\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1254.2995269504831, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(28.82797497778111, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(217778.26111709396, 'shaft op(W)')\n",
+        "(29.76665191278476, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.42, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to caculate generator current,pf, real power,ecitation emf\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=500.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'generator current(A)') \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Zb=Vt/Ia \n",
+      "MVA_b=500.0\n",
+      "MW_b=500.0 \n",
+      "Xsg=1.57 \n",
+      "Xb=.4 \n",
+      "Xb=Xb/Zb \n",
+      "rr=250.0 \n",
+      "rr=rr/MVA_b \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Ia=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.asin(Xb*Ia/2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pe=rr*pf \n",
+      "print(Pe,'real power(pu)') \n",
+      "Eg=complex(Vt,Xsg*rr**complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))\n",
+      "Egg=abs(Eg)*V \n",
+      "print(Egg,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "rr=500.0 \n",
+      "rr=rr/MVA_b \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.asin(Xb*Ia/2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pe=rr*pf \n",
+      "print(Pe,'real power(pu)') \n",
+      "Eg=complex(Vt,Xsg*rr**complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))\n",
+      "Egg=abs(Eg)*V \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Egg,'excitation emf(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(13121.597027036949, 'generator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9946496442265089, 'pf')\n",
+        "(0.49732482211325446, 'real power(pu)')\n",
+        "(27016.768055398476, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(0.9784230470709913, 'pf')\n",
+        "(0.9784230470709913, 'real power(pu)')\n",
+        "(40951.33209066587, 'excitation emf(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.43, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to  ulate pf angle, torque angle,equivalent capicitor and inductor value\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "of1=250.0 \n",
+      "scr=0.52     #short ckt ratio\n",
+      "of2=of1/scr \n",
+      "r=25.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=13000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Isc=Ia*of1/of2 \n",
+      "Xs=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Isc) \n",
+      "Xb=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ia) \n",
+      "Xsadj=Xs/Xb \n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "If=200.0 \n",
+      "Ef=V*If/of1 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef/math.sqrt(3.0))/Xs \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "pf=90.0 \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf angle(deg)') \n",
+      "L=(V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ia))/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L,'inductor value(H)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=300.0 \n",
+      "Eff=V*If/of1 \n",
+      "Vt=Ef/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=(Eff/math.sqrt(3)-Vt)/Xs \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "pf=90.0 \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf angle(deg)') \n",
+      "c=1.0/((V/(Ia))*(2.0*math.pi*f)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'capacitor value(F)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(90.0, 'pf angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(0.2069014260194639, 'inductor value(H)')\n",
+        "(0, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(90.0, 'pf angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(5.654655337659404e-05, 'capacitor value(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.44, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to determine Xs(saturated),scr,Xs(unsat)and If,generator current\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "MVA_b=400.0 \n",
+      "kV_b=22.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ib=MVA_b/(math.sqrt(3.0)*kV_b) \n",
+      "ohm_b=kV_b/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ib) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=1120.0 \n",
+      "Voc=kV_b/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Isc=13.2 \n",
+      "Xssat=Voc/Isc \n",
+      "print(Xssat,'Xs(saturated)(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xss=Xssat/ohm_b \n",
+      "print(Xss,'Xs(saturated)(pu)') \n",
+      "scr=1/Xss \n",
+      "print(scr,'SCR') \n",
+      "Isc=Ib \n",
+      "Voc=24.4/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xsunsat=Voc/Isc \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xsunsat,'Xs(unsaturated)(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xsuns=Xsunsat/ohm_b \n",
+      "print(Xsuns,'Xs(unsaturated)(pu)') \n",
+      "Iff=If*scr \n",
+      "print(Iff,'generator current(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9622504486493764, 'Xs(saturated)(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.795248304668906, 'Xs(saturated)(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.257468886295005, 'SCR')\n",
+        "(1.342, 'Xs(unsaturated)(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1.109090909090909, 'Xs(unsaturated)(pu)')\n",
+        "(1408.3651526504057, 'generator current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.45, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find motor pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "P=800000.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Zs=2+20*j \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Zs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi))+math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Pip=1200*10**3.0 \n",
+      "theta=math.degrees(math.atan((Zs.imag)/(Zs.real)))\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(((Ef.real)**2*math.degrees(math.acos(theta))/abs(Zs)-P/3.0)/((Ef.real)*abs(Ef)/abs(Zs))))-theta \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef.real)-abs(Ef)*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl))))/Zs \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "ename": "ValueError",
+       "evalue": "math domain error",
+       "output_type": "pyerr",
+       "traceback": [
+        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
+        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-10-84d5f78c41ee>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     15\u001b[0m \u001b[0mPip\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1200\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m10\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3.0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     16\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtheta\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0matan\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mimag\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 17\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0macos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdegrees\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0macos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtheta\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mP\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m3.0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtheta\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     18\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     19\u001b[0m \u001b[0mIa\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreal\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mabs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mEf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcomplex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mradians\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mradians\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0mZs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+        "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: math domain error"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.46, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find exciting emf neglecting saliency and accounting saliency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Xd=.12/3 \n",
+      "Xq=.075/3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('neglecting saliency') \n",
+      "Xs=Xd \n",
+      "V=440.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=1000.0 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Xs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation emf(line)(V)') \n",
+      "print('accounting saliency') \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*math.sin(math.radians(phi))+Ia*Xq)/(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))))\n",
+      "dl=w-phi \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))+Ia*math.sin(math.radians(dl))*Xd\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation emf(line)(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "neglecting saliency\n",
+        "(497.16652214438125, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n",
+        "accounting saliency\n",
+        "(443.9254541572264, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.47, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate excitation emf,max load motor supplies, torque angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xd=23.2 \n",
+      "Xq=14.5 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "r=1500*1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V)\n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*math.sin(math.radians(-phi))+Ia*Xq)/(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))))\n",
+      "dl=-phi-w \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle') \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))-Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))*Xd \n",
+      "print(Ef,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=V**2*((Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'load supplied(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-29.696320419057813, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(3690.199749168095, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(563275.8620689656, 'load supplied(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.49, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find no load freq setting,sys freq,at no load freq of swing generator, system trip freq\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "loadtot=260.0\n",
+      "r=125.0 \n",
+      "pf=.84 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "genfl=r*pf \n",
+      "sld=75     #supply load\n",
+      "n=3     #no of generators\n",
+      "ls=loadtot-n*sld \n",
+      "m=-5/genfl \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "ff=f-m*sld \n",
+      "print(ff,'set freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "c=f-m*ls \n",
+      "print(c,'set freq(Hz) supplied from swing generator') \n",
+      "nld=sld+50/4 \n",
+      "c=ff+m*nld \n",
+      "print(c,'new system freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "rld=310-n*sld \n",
+      "c=f-m*rld \n",
+      "print(c,'set freq(Hz) of swing generator') \n",
+      "nld=310.0/n \n",
+      "c=ff+m*nld \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'system trip freq(Hz)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(53.57142857142857, 'set freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(51.666666666666664, 'set freq(Hz) supplied from swing generator')\n",
+        "(49.42857142857143, 'new system freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(54.04761904761905, 'set freq(Hz) of swing generator')\n",
+        "(48.65079365079365, 'system trip freq(Hz)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08_2.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..784d8680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter08_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,2471 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 08 : Synchronous Machines"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.2, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine voltage regulation by mmf method\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "pf=0.85 \n",
+      "P=150*10**6 \n",
+      "V=13*1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iarated=P/(math.sqrt(3)*pf*V) \n",
+      "If=750 \n",
+      "Ifocc=810 \n",
+      "B=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ff=math.sqrt((Ifocc+If*math.sin(math.radians(B)))**2+(If*math.cos(math.radians(B)))**2) \n",
+      "Ef=16.3*1000 \n",
+      "vr=Ef/V-1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(vr*100,'voltage regulation(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(25.384615384615383, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.6, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the excitation emf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=3300.0 \n",
+      "Xs=18/3.0 \n",
+      "pf=.707 \n",
+      "P=800*1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*Vt*pf) \n",
+      "a=Ia*Xs/math.sqrt(2) \n",
+      "b=Vt/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=math.sqrt((a+b)**2+a**2)*math.sqrt(3.0)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ef,'excitation emf(V)(line)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4972.3367904266, 'excitation emf(V)(line)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.7, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#to compute the max power and torque,terminal voltage\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "P=1000*10**3 \n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(V*math.sqrt(3)*pf) \n",
+      "Xsm=3.24 \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Efm=Vt-j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "Efg=abs(Efm) \n",
+      "P_emax=3*Vt*Efg/Xsm \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power(W)') \n",
+      "p=24 \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_sm=(120*f*2*math.pi)/(p*60) \n",
+      "Tmax=P_emax/w_sm \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xsg=4.55 \n",
+      "Efm=Vt-j*Ia*Xsg \n",
+      "Efmm=abs(Efm) \n",
+      "X=Xsm+Xsg \n",
+      "P_emax=3*Efg*Efmm/X \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power(W)') \n",
+      "Tmax=P_emax/w_sm \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "d=90 \n",
+      "Efm=Efg*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "Efg=Efmm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0)))\n",
+      "Ia=(Efg-Efm)/(j*X) \n",
+      "v=j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "Vt=Efm+j*Ia*Xsm \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Vt)*math.sqrt(3),'line voltage(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(2361111.1111111115, 'max power(W)')\n",
+        "(90187.80108540738, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(571722.5941289428, 'max power(W)')\n",
+        "(21838.194463906242, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(2153.0750379274127, 'line voltage(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.8 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#max power supplied, power angle d, corresponding field current\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "r=100*10**6.0     #va\n",
+      "V=11000.0 \n",
+      "P=100*10**6 \n",
+      "Ef=1     #pu\n",
+      "Vth=1     #pu\n",
+      "Xs=1.3     #pu\n",
+      "Xth=.24     #pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "P_emax=Ef*Vth/(Xs+Xth) \n",
+      "print(P_emax,'max power delivered(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "d=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*Xth/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "print(d,'power angle') \n",
+      "Vt=math.exp(j*d) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Vth)/(j*Xth) \n",
+      "Ef=Vth+j*(Xs+Xth)*Ia \n",
+      "Voc=11000 \n",
+      "If=256 \n",
+      "Ff=19150 \n",
+      "Iff=If*Ff/Voc\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Iff,'If(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.6493506493506493, 'max power delivered(pu)')\n",
+        "(13.88654036262899, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(445, 'If(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.9, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the generator current and its pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "X=.24 \n",
+      "r=400.0     #rating in MVA\n",
+      "rr=600.0     #rating in MVA\n",
+      "Pe=r/rr \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Vth=1 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*X/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "Ia=2*math.sin(math.radians(dl/2))/X \n",
+      "V=24000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "IaB=(rr/3.0)*10**6/(V/math.sqrt(3.0)) \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*IaB \n",
+      "print(Iaa,'generating current(A)') \n",
+      "phi=dl/2.0 \n",
+      "pf= math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=1 \n",
+      "dl1=math.degrees(math.asin(Pe*X/(Vt*Vth)))\n",
+      "Ia=2*math.sin(math.radians(dl1/2.0))/X \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*IaB \n",
+      "print(Iaa,'generating current(A)') \n",
+      "phi=dl1/2.0 \n",
+      "pf= math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'power factor') \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*(complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))*X \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)*V \n",
+      "dl2=math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xth=.24 \n",
+      "Pe=abs(Ef)*Vth*math.sin(math.radians(dl1+dl2))/(X+Xth) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'Pe(pu)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(9653.646665937797, 'generating current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9967740502090344, 'power factor')\n",
+        "(14540.391150848647, 'generating current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9926663306370695, 'power factor')\n",
+        "(0.560889816748067, 'Pe(pu)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.10 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature resistance, sync reactance, full load stray load loss, Rac/Rdc,various categories of losses at full load,full load eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=60*10**3.0 \n",
+      "Psc=3950.0 \n",
+      "Isc=108.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Raeff=Psc/(3*Isc**2) \n",
+      "print(Raeff,'effective armature resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ifoc=2.85 \n",
+      "Ifsc=1.21 \n",
+      "I_SC=Isc*Ifoc/Ifsc \n",
+      "Zs=(V/math.sqrt(3))/I_SC \n",
+      "Xs=math.sqrt(Zs**2-Raeff**2) \n",
+      "print(Xs,'sync reactance(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "t1=25 \n",
+      "t2=75 \n",
+      "Rdc=0.075 \n",
+      "Radc=Rdc*((273+t2)/(273+t1)) \n",
+      "Iarated=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Pscc=Psc*(Iarated/Isc)**2 \n",
+      "P=3*Iarated**2*Radc \n",
+      "print(P,'armature loss(W)') \n",
+      "loss=Pscc-P \n",
+      "print(loss,'loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=Raeff/Radc \n",
+      "print(a,'Rac/Rdc') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pwf=900.0 \n",
+      "print(Pwf,'windage and friction loss(W)') \n",
+      "tloss=2440 \n",
+      "closs=tloss-Pwf \n",
+      "print(closs,'core loss(W)') \n",
+      "If=3.1 \n",
+      "Rf=110 \n",
+      "Pcu=If**2*Rf \n",
+      "print(Pcu,'field cu loss(W)') \n",
+      "print(loss,'stray load loss(W)') \n",
+      "b=loss+Pcu+closs+Pwf+P \n",
+      "print(b,'total loss(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=0.8 \n",
+      "op=r*pf \n",
+      "ip=op+b \n",
+      "eff=op/ip \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.11288294467306813, 'effective armature resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.9008089329407498, 'sync reactance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1687.5, 'armature loss(W)')\n",
+        "(852.3662551440325, 'loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1.5051059289742417, 'Rac/Rdc')\n",
+        "(900.0, 'windage and friction loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1540.0, 'core loss(W)')\n",
+        "(1057.1000000000001, 'field cu loss(W)')\n",
+        "(852.3662551440325, 'stray load loss(W)')\n",
+        "(6036.966255144032, 'total loss(W)')\n",
+        "(0.8882808071304457, 'efficiency')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.11, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate net power op,eff,line current and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Zs=(1.0/3)*(.3+j*6) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.atan(Zs.imag/Zs.real))\n",
+      "Vt=400.0/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=600.0/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "a=math.sqrt(Vt**2+Ef**2-2*Vt*Ef*math.cos(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Ia=a/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Ia,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "B=math.degrees(math.acos((Vt**2+a**2-Ef**2)/(2*Vt*a)))\n",
+      "phi=90-(90-math.degrees(math.atan(Zs.imag/Zs.real)))-B \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),'pf') \n",
+      "Pein=Vt*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "Ra=.1 \n",
+      "b=Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "loss=2400 \n",
+      "Pmout=Pein-loss/3.0-b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pmout,'net power op(W)') \n",
+      "eff=Pmout/Pein \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(54.98573992282153, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(-0.9999999999999998, 'pf')\n",
+        "(-13800.755857898721, 'net power op(W)')\n",
+        "(108.68095238095239, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Zs=.8+j*5 \n",
+      "Vt=3300.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Pein=800*10**3.0/3     #per ph\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Qe=-Pein*math.tan(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))))\n",
+      "#a=Ef*math.cos(math.radians(dl-a))\n",
+      "#b=Ef=math.cos(math.radians(dl-a))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=((abs(Zs)/Vt)*(Pein-Zs.real*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)) \n",
+      "b=((abs(Zs)/Vt)*(-Qe+(Zs.imag)*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=math.sqrt(a**2+b**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pein=(1200.0/3)*1000 \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.asin((abs(Zs)/(Vt*Ef))*(Pein-pf*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2)))\n",
+      "Qe=(Zs.imag)*(Vt/abs(Zs))**2-Ef*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(a))/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(Qe/Pein))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') d"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8329179992811746, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.13 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to determine excitation emf, torque angle,stator current, pf, max power, kVAR delivered\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "P=10000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "X=16 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*X*Iaa \n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real))\n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pe=P*pf \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)*1.2 \n",
+      "dl=(Pe/3)*X/(Eff*Vt) \n",
+      "ta=math.degrees(math.asin(dl))\n",
+      "print(ta,'torque angle') \n",
+      "Ia=(Eff*complex(math.cos(math.radians(ta)),math.sin(math.radians(ta)))-Vt)/(j*X) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'stator current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=413 \n",
+      "Pemax=Ef*Vt/X \n",
+      "Ia=(Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))-Vt)/(j*X) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'stator current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Qe=((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))*Pe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Qe,'kVar delivered') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(438.17804600413285, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(-18.434948822922003, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(20.570777448577868, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(20.003478706674613, 'stator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8165675681224028, 'pf')\n",
+        "(29.57394950937959, 'stator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.48805644728523245, 'pf')\n",
+        "(-14306.739670518926, 'kVar delivered')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.14 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate armature current, pf ,power angle, power , shaft torques,kVar\n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "P=8000.0 \n",
+      "Prot=500.0 \n",
+      "Pmg=P+Prot \n",
+      "Pein=Pmg \n",
+      "Ef=750.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Vt=231 \n",
+      "Xs=16.0 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin(Xs*(Pein/3)/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Eff=Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl))) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Eff)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'armature current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ia.imag/Ia.real)))),'pf') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "p=4 \n",
+      "n_s=120*f/p \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "T=Pein/w_s \n",
+      "print(T,'torque developed(Nm)') \n",
+      "T_s=P/w_s \n",
+      "print(T_s,'shaft torques(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=600/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "rr=3*Vt*Ia/1000 \n",
+      "print(rr,'kVar rating') \n",
+      "c=(abs(Ia)/Vt)/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(-c,'capicator rating(F)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=300/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "rr=3*Vt*Ia/1000 \n",
+      "print(-rr,'kVar rating') \n",
+      "L=(Vt/abs(rr))/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L,'inductor rating(H)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=j*2000/Vt \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xs \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(15.629324184839682, 'armature current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.6197800073964136, 'pf')\n",
+        "(54.11268065124441, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n",
+        "(50.929581789406505, 'shaft torques(Nm)')\n",
+        "(-4.998702620565402, 'kVar rating')\n",
+        "(-9.939446800839497e-05, 'capicator rating(F)')\n",
+        "(-2.503242439717299, 'kVar rating')\n",
+        "(0.2937373645549075, 'inductor rating(H)')\n",
+        "(160.16596233973502, 'excitation(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.15, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find the excitation emf,mech power developed,pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "r=4*10.0**6 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "Xs=4.8 \n",
+      "#Vt**2+Ef**2-2*Vt*Efcosd(dl)=(Ia*Xs)**2\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Ef**2-7.16*Ef+11.69=0 \n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    return x1,x2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=[0,0]\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=quad(1,-7.16,11.69) \n",
+      "dl=20.0\n",
+      "print(Ef[0],'excitation(kV)') \n",
+      "Pm=3*3.81*Ef[0]*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/Xs \n",
+      "print(Pm,'power developed(MW)') \n",
+      "pf1=Pm*10**6/(math.sqrt(3)*V*Ia) \n",
+      "print(pf1,'pf1') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print(Ef[1],'excitation(kV)') \n",
+      "Pm=3*3.81*Ef[1]*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/Xs \n",
+      "print(Pm,'power developed(MW)') \n",
+      "pf2=Pm*10**6/(math.sqrt(3)*V*Ia) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf2,'pf2') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(4.641319932913728, 'excitation(kV)')\n",
+        "(3.780055563783382, 'power developed(MW)')\n",
+        "(0.9450138909458456, 'pf1')\n",
+        "(2.518680067086272, 'excitation(kV)')\n",
+        "(2.0513023748834374, 'power developed(MW)')\n",
+        "(0.5128255937208593, 'pf2')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.16, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find power angle,field current\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "V=400 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "Ia=50.0 \n",
+      "Xs=1.3 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xs \n",
+      "print(-math.degrees(math.atan(Ef.imag/Ef.real)),'power angle') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pm=Vt*Ia*pf \n",
+      "pff=.8 \n",
+      "Ia=Pm/(Vt*pff) \n",
+      "ang=math.degrees(math.acos(pff))\n",
+      "Eff=math.sqrt((Vt*math.cos(math.radians(ang)))**2+(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(ang))+Ia*Xs)**2) \n",
+      "If=.9 \n",
+      "Iff=If*Eff/abs(Ef)\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Iff,'field current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(1.7565442792743275, 'field current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.17, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate motor eff,excitation emf and power angle, max power op,corresponding net op\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Sop=40*1000.0 \n",
+      "Vt=600.0 \n",
+      "Ra=0.8 \n",
+      "Xs=8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pst=2000.0 \n",
+      "Pmnet=30*1000.0 \n",
+      "Pm_dev=Pst+Pmnet \n",
+      "Ia=Sop/(math.sqrt(3)*Vt) \n",
+      "Poh=3*Ia**2*Ra \n",
+      "Pin=Pm_dev+Poh \n",
+      "eff=(1-(Poh+Pst)/Pin)*100 \n",
+      "print(eff,'motor eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "cos_phi=Pin/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Vt*Ia) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(cos_phi))\n",
+      "Ia=Ia*(math.cos(math.radians(phi))+j*math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Vt=Vt/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Za=Ra+Xs*j \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Ia*Za \n",
+      "Ef_line=Ef*math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "print(Ef_line,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "delta=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(delta,'power angle(deg)') \n",
+      "IaRa=abs(Ia)*Ra \n",
+      "IaXs=abs(Ia)*Xs \n",
+      "AD=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi))-IaRa\n",
+      "CD=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi))+abs(Ia)*Xs \n",
+      "Ef_mag=math.sqrt((abs(AD))**2+(abs(CD))**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pm_out_gross=-((abs(Ef_mag))**2*Ra/(abs(Za))**2)+(Vt*abs(Ef_mag)/abs(Za))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pm_out_gross,'max power op(W)') \n",
+      "power_angle=math.degrees(math.atan((Za.imag)/(Za.real))) \n",
+      "print(power_angle,'power angle(deg)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(84.375, 'motor eff(%)')\n",
+        "(-190.24688522544741, 'excitation emf(V)')"
+       ]
+      },
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "\n",
+        "(-0.0, 'power angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(24191.612053989564, 'max power op(W)')\n",
+        "(0.0, 'power angle(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find the change in the poweer angle \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=4000.0 \n",
+      "V=400 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ia=Pe/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Xs=25 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl)))*Xs \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((Pe/3)*Xs/(Vt*abs(Ef)))) \n",
+      "ang=dl+a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(ang,'change in power angle(deg)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.596898962201344, 'change in power angle(deg)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find no of poles,MVA rating, prime mover rating and op torque\n",
+      " \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=100.0 \n",
+      "P=120*f/n_s \n",
+      "print(P,'no of poles') \n",
+      "r=110     #MVA rating\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "rr=r/pf \n",
+      "print(rr,'MVA rating') \n",
+      "eff=.971 \n",
+      "rt=r/eff \n",
+      "print(rt,'prime mover rating(MW)') \n",
+      "T_PM=rt*1000*60/(2*math.pi*n_s) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_PM,'op torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(60.0, 'no of poles')\n",
+        "(137.5, 'MVA rating')\n",
+        "(113.28527291452112, 'prime mover rating(MW)')\n",
+        "(10817.946698316264, 'op torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.20, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# To calculate sec. line voltage, line current and output va\n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(a)Y/D conn') \n",
+      "V_LY=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_LY/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "a=12 \n",
+      "V_PD=V_PY/a \n",
+      "V_LD=V_PD     \n",
+      "print(V_LD,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_PY=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_PY*a \n",
+      "I_LD=I_PD*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(I_LD,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LD*I_LD     \n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('(b)D/Y conn') \n",
+      "I_LD=10 \n",
+      "I_PD=I_LD/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "I_LY=I_PD*a         \n",
+      "print(I_LY,'sec. line current(A)') \n",
+      "V_PD=6600 \n",
+      "V_PY=V_PD/a \n",
+      "V_LY=V_PY*math.sqrt(3)     \n",
+      "print(V_LY,'sec line voltage(V)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*V_LY*I_LY    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(r,'output rating(va)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(a)Y/D conn\n",
+        "(317.5426480542942, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(207.84609690826525, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n",
+        "(b)D/Y conn\n",
+        "(69.2820323027551, 'sec. line current(A)')\n",
+        "(952.6279441628825, 'sec line voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(114315.3532995459, 'output rating(va)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.23, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate pu adjusted sync reactance, feild reactance, reactive power op, rotor power angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "r=10*10**6 \n",
+      "V_SC=13.8*10**3 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V_SC) \n",
+      "If=226.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Iff=842.0 \n",
+      "I_SC=Ia*Iff/If \n",
+      "Xsadj=(V_SC/math.sqrt(3))/I_SC \n",
+      "\n",
+      "va_b=10*10**6 \n",
+      "v_b=13800 \n",
+      "Xspu=Xsadj*va_b/v_b**2 \n",
+      "print(Xspu,'Xs(pu)') \n",
+      "Ra=.75 \n",
+      "Zs=Ra+j*Xsadj \n",
+      "a=90-math.degrees(math.atan((Zs.imag)/(Zs.real))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Pe=8.75*10**6 \n",
+      "Qe=Pe*math.tan(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "Vt=V_SC/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Ia=(Pe/3.0)/(Vt*pf) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+abs(Ia)*abs(Zs)*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90-a-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(90-a-phi))) \n",
+      "Ef=abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "If=Iff*Ef/V_SC \n",
+      "print(If,'field current(A)') \n",
+      "loss=3*abs(Ia)**2*Ra \n",
+      "Pmin=Pe+loss \n",
+      "print(Pmin,'reactive power op(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=842 \n",
+      "Voc=7968 \n",
+      "Pmin=Pmin/3 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((Pmin-(Zs.real)*(Voc/abs(Zs))**2)/((Voc**2/abs(Zs)))))+a \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "Q=-(Voc/abs(Zs))**2*(Zs.imag)+Voc**2*math.cos(math.radians(dl+a))/abs(Zs) \n",
+      "print(Q,'reactive power op(VAR)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2684085510688836, 'Xs(pu)')\n",
+        "(1074.3932057155528, 'field current(A)')\n",
+        "(9122249.546858348, 'reactive power op(W)')\n",
+        "(44.00614893481687, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(-7524957.4047774, 'reactive power op(VAR)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.25, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the excitation emf,power angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=1.0\n",
+      "Ia=1.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Xq=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xq \n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=17.1 \n",
+      "w=phi+dl \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Xd=.8 \n",
+      "CD=Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef)+CD \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "print(math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real))),'power angle') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.7088007490635064, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(-16.313852426260553, 'power angle')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.26, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate excitation emf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "pf=1 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "P=1500.0*1000 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Xq=2.88 \n",
+      "Xd=4.01 \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*0-Ia*Xq)/Vt))\n",
+      "dl=phi-w \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Iq=Ia*math.cos(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))-Id*Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ef*math.sqrt(3.0),'excitation emf(line)(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3739.5700468573696, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.27, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate generator terminal voltage,excitation emf,power angle\n",
+      " \n",
+      "Xd=1.48 \n",
+      "Xq=1.24 \n",
+      "Xe=.1 \n",
+      "Xdt=Xd+Xe \n",
+      "Xqt=Xq+Xe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "MVA=1 \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "#(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))**2+(Vt*math.sin(math.radians(phi))+Ia*Xe)**2=Vb**2 \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Vt**2-.0870*Vt-.99=0 \n",
+      "def\tquad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if x1 < Vb :\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else :\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "\treturn x\n",
+      "Vt=quad(1,-.0870,-.99) \n",
+      "print(Vt,'terminal voltage(V)') \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "phi=20 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1) \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Ef=Vb+j*Iaa*Xqt \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef) \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "w=dl+phi \n",
+      "Id=Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=Ef+Id*(Xdt-Xqt) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.0394378745684894, 'terminal voltage(V)')\n",
+        "(-11.46760596259884, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(2.34011465088481, 'excitation emf(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.28, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find max pu power, pu armature current, pu reactive power\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Xd=1.02 \n",
+      "Xq=.68 \n",
+      "Pmmax=Vt**2*(Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq) \n",
+      "print(Pmmax,'max pu power') \n",
+      "dl=.5*math.degrees(math.asin(Pmmax/(Vt**2*(Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Id=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xd \n",
+      "Iq=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xq \n",
+      "Ia=math.sqrt(Id**2+Iq**2) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'armature current(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Qe=Id*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))+Iq*Vt*math.sin(math.radians(dl)) \n",
+      "print(Qe,'reactive power(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan(Qe/Pmmax))))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2450980392156862, 'max pu power')\n",
+        "(1.249759684704114, 'armature current(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.2254901960784315, 'reactive power(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.196116135138184, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 11
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.29, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate power angle,excitation emf,field current\n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "MVA_b=300.0 \n",
+      "kV_b=22.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=250.0/MVA_b \n",
+      "pf=.85 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=Pe/(pf*Vt) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Iaa=Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "Xq=1.16 \n",
+      "Xd=1.93 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Iaa*Xq \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'power angle') \n",
+      "w=phi+dl \n",
+      "Id=abs(Iaa)*math.sin(math.radians(w)) \n",
+      "Ef=abs(Ef)+Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "print(Ef*kV_b,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=338.0 \n",
+      "If=If*Ef/1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(If,'field current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-16.941789546757967, 'power angle')\n",
+        "(49.48501576455793, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(760.2697876554809, 'field current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.30, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find max andmin pu field excitation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Xd=.71 \n",
+      "Xq=.58 \n",
+      "Xe=.08 \n",
+      "Xdt=Xd+Xe \n",
+      "Xqt=Xq+Xe \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Pe=0 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "phi=90 \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "Iq=0 \n",
+      "Id=Ia \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt+Id*Xdt \n",
+      "Ifmax=Ef \n",
+      "print(Ifmax,'max field excitation(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Id*Xdt \n",
+      "Ifmin=Ef \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ifmin,'min field excitation(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.79, 'max field excitation(A)')\n",
+        "(0.21000000000000008, 'min field excitation(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.31, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate synchronising power and torque coeff/deg mech shift\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=11000.0\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "P=6*10**6.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "ohm_b=Vt/Ia \n",
+      "Xs=.5 \n",
+      "Xss=Xs*ohm_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=8.0 \n",
+      "n_s=(120*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "Psyn=(math.pi/15)*(Ef*Vt/Xss)*math.cos(math.radians(dl))\n",
+      "print(Psyn,'synchronising power(W)') \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'torque coeff(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Ia*Xss*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "Psyn=(math.pi/15)*(abs(Ef)*Vt/Xss)*math.cos(math.radians(dl)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Psyn,'synchronising power(W)') \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'torque coeff(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(837758.0409572781, 'synchronising power(W)')\n",
+        "(10666.666666666666, 'torque coeff(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1172861.257340189, 'synchronising power(W)')\n",
+        "(14933.333333333328, 'torque coeff(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.32, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to calculate syncronising power/elec deg,pu sync torque/mech deg\n",
+      " \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Xd=.8 \n",
+      "Xq=.5 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ia=1*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*Xq \n",
+      "Eff=abs(Ef) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real))) \n",
+      "w=-dl+phi \n",
+      "Id=abs(Ia)*math.sin(math.radians(w))\n",
+      "Ef=Eff+Id*(Xd-Xq) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Psyn=abs(Ef)*Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))/Xd+Vt**2*((Xd-Xq)/(Xd*Xq))*math.cos(math.radians(2*dl))\n",
+      "print(Psyn*(math.pi/180),'syncronising power(pu)/elec deg') \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "P=12 \n",
+      "n_s=(120*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60) \n",
+      "Tsyn=Psyn/n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tsyn,'pu sync torque/mech deg') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.02617993877991495, 'syncronising power(pu)/elec deg')\n",
+        "(0.028647889756541166, 'pu sync torque/mech deg')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.33, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#to calculate sync current, power and torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "P=12000.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xs=2.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ef=Vt-j*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),math.sin(math.radians(phi)))*Xs \n",
+      "tandl=4 \n",
+      "Es=2*abs(Ef)*math.cos(math.radians(tandl/2)) \n",
+      "Is=Es/Xs \n",
+      "print(Is,'sync current(A)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "Ps=3*Vt*Is*math.cos(dl+tandl/2)\n",
+      "print(Ps,'power(W)') \n",
+      "n_s=25*math.pi \n",
+      "T_s=Ps/n_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(152.2500120412367, 'sync current(A)')\n",
+        "(3657.484067729796, 'power(W)')\n",
+        "(46.568533492723965, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 7
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.34, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate value of syncpower\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V=6600.0\n",
+      "E=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=12.0 \n",
+      "dl=1.0*P/2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "r=20000.0*10**3 \n",
+      "I=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Xs=1.65 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Psy=dl*(math.pi/180.0)*E**2/Xs \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Psy,'sync power(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(921533.8450530063, 'sync power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.35, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine op current and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "P1=400.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P2=400.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P3=300.0*10**3 \n",
+      "P4=800.0*10**3 \n",
+      "pf1=1 \n",
+      "pf2=.85 \n",
+      "pf3=.8 \n",
+      "pf4=.7 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi1=math.degrees(math.acos(pf1))\n",
+      "phi2=math.degrees(math.acos(pf2)) \n",
+      "phi3=math.degrees(math.acos(pf3)) \n",
+      "phi4=math.degrees(math.acos(pf4))\n",
+      "P=P1+P2+P3+P4 \n",
+      "Q1=P1*math.tan(math.radians(phi1))\n",
+      "Q2=P2*math.tan(math.radians(phi2)) \n",
+      "Q3=P3*math.tan(math.radians(phi3))\n",
+      "Q4=P4*math.tan(math.radians(phi4)) \n",
+      "Q=Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "I=100 \n",
+      "pf=.9 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "P_A=math.sqrt(3)*V*I*pf \n",
+      "P_B=P-P_A \n",
+      "Q_A=P_A*math.tan(math.radians(math.degrees(math.acos(pf))) )\n",
+      "Q_B=Q-Q_A \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(Q_B/P_B))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "I_B=P_B/(math.sqrt(3.0)*pf*V) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_B,'op current(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9077210377902825, 'pf')\n",
+        "(83.9540921749662, 'op current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.36, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the pf and current supplied by the m/c\n",
+      "\n",
+      "P=50000.0\n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Q=P*math.cos(math.radians(phi)) \n",
+      "P1=P/2 \n",
+      "pf1=.9 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi1=math.degrees(math.acos(pf1))\n",
+      "Q1=P1*math.cos(math.radians(phi1)) \n",
+      "P2=P/2 \n",
+      "Q2=Q-Q1 \n",
+      "phi2=math.degrees(math.atan(Q2/P2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi2)) \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "V_L=400.0\n",
+      "I2=P2/(math.sqrt(3)*V_L*pf) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I2,'current supplied by m/c(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8192319205190405, 'pf')\n",
+        "(44.04661356638744, 'current supplied by m/c(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.37, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to find initial current,current at the end of 2 cycles and at the end of 10s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Ef=1.0 \n",
+      "Xd2=.2 \n",
+      "I2=Ef/Xd2 \n",
+      "r=100*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_b=r/(math.sqrt(3)*V) \n",
+      "I2=I2*I_b \n",
+      "print(I2,'initial current(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xd1=.3 \n",
+      "I1=Ef/Xd1 \n",
+      "Xd=1 \n",
+      "I=Ef/Xd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "tau_dw=0.03 \n",
+      "tau_f=1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "def I_sc(t):\n",
+      "    a=(I2-I1)*math.exp(-t/tau_dw)+(I1-I)*math.exp(-t/tau_f)+1 \n",
+      "    return a\n",
+      "#2 cycles=0.04s\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_sc(.2867)*I_b,'current at the end of 2 cycles(A)') \n",
+      "print(I_sc(10)*I_b,'current at the end of 10s(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(13121.597027036949, 'initial current(A)')\n",
+        "(9656.315026038814, 'current at the end of 2 cycles(A)')\n",
+        "(2624.5974078796426, 'current at the end of 10s(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 12
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.39, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate sync reactance,voltage regulation,torque angle, ele power developed, voltage and kva rating\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=1000.0*10**3 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "pf=.75 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=-math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ef=11400.0/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "#Ef*complex(cosd(dl),sind(dl))=Vt+j*Xs*Ia*complex(cosd(phi),sind(phi))\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#6.58*cosd(dl)=3.81+.058*Xs \n",
+      "#6.58*sind(dl)=.0656*Xs \n",
+      "#so after solving \n",
+      "#cosd(dl-phi)=.434 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(0.434))+phi \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xs=Ef*math.sin(math.radians(dl))/65.6 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xs,'sync reactance(ohm)') \n",
+      "vr=Ef*math.sqrt(3.0)/V-1 \n",
+      "print(vr,'voltage regulation(%)') \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "P=3*Ef*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(dl-phi)) \n",
+      "print(P,'ele power developed(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "volr=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(volr,'voltage rating(V)') \n",
+      "ir=Ia*math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "print(ir,'current rating(A)') \n",
+      "r=math.sqrt(3)*volr*ir \n",
+      "print(r,'VA rating') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(38.99116776362744, 'sync reactance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.7272727272727273, 'voltage regulation(%)')\n",
+        "(22.86869850821798, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(749636.3636363635, 'ele power developed(W)')\n",
+        "(3810.5117766515305, 'voltage rating(V)')\n",
+        "(151.5151515151515, 'current rating(A)')\n",
+        "(999999.9999999999, 'VA rating')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.40, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine m/c and pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "P=230.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000.0 \n",
+      "pf=1.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xs=1.2 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Xs*Ia \n",
+      "#if Ef is inc by 30%\n",
+      "Ef=1.3*abs(Ef) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((P/3.0)*Xs/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(dl)),math.sin(math.radians(dl))))-Vt)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'m/c current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))))),'pf') \n",
+      "P=275*10**6 \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.asin((P/3.0)*Xs/(Ef*Vt)))\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef*complex(math.cos(math.radians(dl)),math.sin(math.radians(dl))))-Vt)/(j*Xs) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ia),'m/c current(A)') \n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real))))),'pf') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(11819.373430797657, 'm/c current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8597700086643913, 'pf')\n",
+        "(12155.509739365927, 'm/c current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8046772266804496, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.41, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to calculate excitation emf,torque angle, eff, shaft op\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Va=.8 \n",
+      "Xa=5.5 \n",
+      "Xs=Va+j*Xa \n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "Ia=160.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "loss=30000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Ef=V/math.sqrt(3.0)-Xs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi)))\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef),'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.atan((Ef.imag)/(Ef.real)))\n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "P_mech=3*abs(Ef)*Ia*math.cos(math.radians(-phi-dl)) \n",
+      "op_sft=P_mech-loss \n",
+      "print(op_sft,'shaft op(W)') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*Ia*pf \n",
+      "eff=op_sft/Pip\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1254.2995269504831, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(28.82797497778111, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(217778.26111709396, 'shaft op(W)')\n",
+        "(29.76665191278476, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.42, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to caculate generator current,pf, real power,ecitation emf\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "r=500.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=22000 \n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "print(Ia,'generator current(A)') \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Zb=Vt/Ia \n",
+      "MVA_b=500.0\n",
+      "MW_b=500.0 \n",
+      "Xsg=1.57 \n",
+      "Xb=.4 \n",
+      "Xb=Xb/Zb \n",
+      "rr=250.0 \n",
+      "rr=rr/MVA_b \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Ia=.5 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.asin(Xb*Ia/2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pe=rr*pf \n",
+      "print(Pe,'real power(pu)') \n",
+      "Eg=complex(Vt,Xsg*rr**complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))\n",
+      "Egg=abs(Eg)*V \n",
+      "print(Egg,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "rr=500.0 \n",
+      "rr=rr/MVA_b \n",
+      "Vb=1 \n",
+      "Vt=1 \n",
+      "Ia=1 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.asin(Xb*Ia/2))\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(phi))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pe=rr*pf \n",
+      "print(Pe,'real power(pu)') \n",
+      "Eg=complex(Vt,Xsg*rr**complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))))\n",
+      "Egg=abs(Eg)*V \n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Egg,'excitation emf(V)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(13121.597027036949, 'generator current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9946496442265089, 'pf')\n",
+        "(0.49732482211325446, 'real power(pu)')\n",
+        "(27016.768055398476, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(0.9784230470709913, 'pf')\n",
+        "(0.9784230470709913, 'real power(pu)')\n",
+        "(40951.33209066587, 'excitation emf(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.43, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to  ulate pf angle, torque angle,equivalent capicitor and inductor value\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "of1=250.0 \n",
+      "scr=0.52     #short ckt ratio\n",
+      "of2=of1/scr \n",
+      "r=25.0*10**6 \n",
+      "V=13000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V) \n",
+      "Isc=Ia*of1/of2 \n",
+      "Xs=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Isc) \n",
+      "Xb=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ia) \n",
+      "Xsadj=Xs/Xb \n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "If=200.0 \n",
+      "Ef=V*If/of1 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=(Vt-Ef/math.sqrt(3.0))/Xs \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "pf=90.0 \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf angle(deg)') \n",
+      "L=(V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ia))/(2*math.pi*f) \n",
+      "print(L,'inductor value(H)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=300.0 \n",
+      "Eff=V*If/of1 \n",
+      "Vt=Ef/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=(Eff/math.sqrt(3)-Vt)/Xs \n",
+      "dl=0 \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle(deg)') \n",
+      "pf=90.0 \n",
+      "print(pf,'pf angle(deg)') \n",
+      "c=1.0/((V/(Ia))*(2.0*math.pi*f)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'capacitor value(F)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(90.0, 'pf angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(0.2069014260194639, 'inductor value(H)')\n",
+        "(0, 'torque angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(90.0, 'pf angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(5.654655337659404e-05, 'capacitor value(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.44, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "#to determine Xs(saturated),scr,Xs(unsat)and If,generator current\n",
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "MVA_b=400.0 \n",
+      "kV_b=22.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ib=MVA_b/(math.sqrt(3.0)*kV_b) \n",
+      "ohm_b=kV_b/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Ib) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "If=1120.0 \n",
+      "Voc=kV_b/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Isc=13.2 \n",
+      "Xssat=Voc/Isc \n",
+      "print(Xssat,'Xs(saturated)(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xss=Xssat/ohm_b \n",
+      "print(Xss,'Xs(saturated)(pu)') \n",
+      "scr=1/Xss \n",
+      "print(scr,'SCR') \n",
+      "Isc=Ib \n",
+      "Voc=24.4/math.sqrt(3) \n",
+      "Xsunsat=Voc/Isc \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Xsunsat,'Xs(unsaturated)(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xsuns=Xsunsat/ohm_b \n",
+      "print(Xsuns,'Xs(unsaturated)(pu)') \n",
+      "Iff=If*scr \n",
+      "print(Iff,'generator current(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9622504486493764, 'Xs(saturated)(ohm)')\n",
+        "(0.795248304668906, 'Xs(saturated)(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.257468886295005, 'SCR')\n",
+        "(1.342, 'Xs(unsaturated)(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1.109090909090909, 'Xs(unsaturated)(pu)')\n",
+        "(1408.3651526504057, 'generator current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.45, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find motor pf\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf)) \n",
+      "P=800000.0 \n",
+      "Ia=P/(math.sqrt(3)*V*pf) \n",
+      "Zs=complex(2,20) \n",
+      "Ef=Vt-Zs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi))+math.sin(math.radians(phi))) \n",
+      "Pip=1200*10**3.0 \n",
+      "theta=math.degrees(math.atan((Zs.imag)/(Zs.real)))\n",
+      "dl=math.degrees(math.acos(((Ef.real)**2*math.cos(math.radians(theta))/abs(Zs)-P/3.0)/((Ef.real)*abs(Ef)/abs(Zs))))-theta \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Ia=((Ef.real)-abs(Ef)*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-dl)),math.sin(math.radians(-dl))))/Zs \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.atan((Ia.imag)/(Ia.real)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(math.cos(math.radians(phi)),'pf') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.9238712092836282, 'pf')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.46, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find exciting emf neglecting saliency and accounting saliency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "Xd=.12/3 \n",
+      "Xq=.075/3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('neglecting saliency') \n",
+      "Xs=Xd \n",
+      "V=440.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "Ia=1000.0 \n",
+      "Ef=Vt+j*Xs*Ia*complex(math.cos(math.radians(-phi)),math.sin(math.radians(-phi))) \n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation emf(line)(V)') \n",
+      "print('accounting saliency') \n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*math.sin(math.radians(phi))+Ia*Xq)/(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))))\n",
+      "dl=w-phi \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))+Ia*math.sin(math.radians(dl))*Xd\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(Ef)*math.sqrt(3),'excitation emf(line)(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "neglecting saliency\n",
+        "(497.16652214438125, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n",
+        "accounting saliency\n",
+        "(443.9254541572264, 'excitation emf(line)(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.47, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate excitation emf,max load motor supplies, torque angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Xd=23.2 \n",
+      "Xq=14.5 \n",
+      "V=6600.0 \n",
+      "pf=.8 \n",
+      "phi=math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n",
+      "Vt=V/math.sqrt(3.0) \n",
+      "r=1500*1000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ia=r/(math.sqrt(3.0)*V)\n",
+      "w=math.degrees(math.atan((Vt*math.sin(math.radians(-phi))+Ia*Xq)/(Vt*math.cos(math.radians(phi)))))\n",
+      "dl=-phi-w \n",
+      "print(dl,'torque angle') \n",
+      "Ef=Vt*math.cos(math.radians(dl))-Ia*math.sin(math.radians(w))*Xd \n",
+      "print(Ef,'excitation emf(V)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Pe=V**2*((Xd-Xq)/(2*Xd*Xq)) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pe,'load supplied(W)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-29.696320419057813, 'torque angle')\n",
+        "(3690.199749168095, 'excitation emf(V)')\n",
+        "(563275.8620689656, 'load supplied(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 8.49, Page No 231"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find no load freq setting,sys freq,at no load freq of swing generator, system trip freq\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "loadtot=260.0\n",
+      "r=125.0 \n",
+      "pf=.84 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "genfl=r*pf \n",
+      "sld=75     #supply load\n",
+      "n=3     #no of generators\n",
+      "ls=loadtot-n*sld \n",
+      "m=-5/genfl \n",
+      "f=50 \n",
+      "ff=f-m*sld \n",
+      "print(ff,'set freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "c=f-m*ls \n",
+      "print(c,'set freq(Hz) supplied from swing generator') \n",
+      "nld=sld+50/4 \n",
+      "c=ff+m*nld \n",
+      "print(c,'new system freq(Hz)') \n",
+      "rld=310-n*sld \n",
+      "c=f-m*rld \n",
+      "print(c,'set freq(Hz) of swing generator') \n",
+      "nld=310.0/n \n",
+      "c=ff+m*nld \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'system trip freq(Hz)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(53.57142857142857, 'set freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(51.666666666666664, 'set freq(Hz) supplied from swing generator')\n",
+        "(49.42857142857143, 'new system freq(Hz)')\n",
+        "(54.04761904761905, 'set freq(Hz) of swing generator')\n",
+        "(48.65079365079365, 'system trip freq(Hz)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c3b55239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1141 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 09 : Induction Machine"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to campute cu loss in rotoe windings, input to the motor, efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f_s=120.0/60         #cycles/min\n",
+      "f=50.0\n",
+      "s=f_s/f \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=(1-s)*n_s \n",
+      "w=n*2*math.pi/60.0 \n",
+      "T=160.0 \n",
+      "P=T*w \n",
+      "T_L=10 \n",
+      "P_m=(T+T_L)*w \n",
+      "cu=P_m*(s/(1.0-s))     \n",
+      "print(cu,'rotor cu loss(W)') \n",
+      "P_sl=800.0     #stator loss\n",
+      "P_in=P_m+cu+P_sl     \n",
+      "print(P_in,'power i/p to motor(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "eff=P/P_in \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100.0,'efficiency(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(712.0943348136864, 'rotor cu loss(W)')\n",
+        "(18602.358370342157, 'power i/p to motor(W)')\n",
+        "(86.46728584706803, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate torque,resitance to be added to rotor ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0\n",
+      "P=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120.0*f/P \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "n=875.0 \n",
+      "s_maxT=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "R_2=.25 \n",
+      "X_2=R_2/s_maxT \n",
+      "T_max=10.0 \n",
+      "#v=V/a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "v=math.sqrt((T_max*w_s*X_2)/(3*.5)) \n",
+      "T=((3.0)*v**2*(R_2/s))/(w_s*((R_2/s)**2+(X_2)**2)) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#from eqn(T_start/T_max)=(R2+Rext)*(X2/.5)/((R2+Rext)**2+X2**2)\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Rt**2-6.67*Rt+4=0\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c)\n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "Rt=quad(1,-6.67,4) \n",
+      "r2=.25 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rt-r2,'external resistance(ohm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.805515239477503, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.41625029274006264, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find slip at max torque,full load slip and rotor current at starting\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "#Tfl=(3/w_s)*(V**2*Rs/s_fl)/((R2/s_fl)**2+X2**2)     (i)\n",
+      "#Ts=(3/w_s)*(V**2*R2)/(R2**2+X2**2)     (ii)\n",
+      "#Tmax=(3/w_s)*(.5*V**2)/X2**2     (iii)\n",
+      "#Tmax/Ts=2     k=R2/X2     (iii)/(ii)and solving\n",
+      "#k**2-4*k+1=0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c)\n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "k=quad(1,-4,1) \n",
+      "print(k,'s_max_T') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(iii)/(i)and solving\n",
+      "#s_fl**2-1.072*s_fl+.072=0\n",
+      "s_fl=quad(1,-1.072,.072) \n",
+      "print(s_fl,'s_fl') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#a=I2_start/I2_fullload\n",
+      "a=math.sqrt((k/s_fl)**2+1)/(k**2+1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'I2_start/I2_fullload') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2679491924311228, 's_max_T')\n",
+        "(0.07200000000000001, 's_fl')\n",
+        "(3.59539147554005, 'I2_start/I2_fullload')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.5 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine ckt model parameters,parameters of thevenin equivalent, max torque and slip, stator current, pf and eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "#NL test\n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "Inl=5.0 \n",
+      "Po=2500.0 \n",
+      "Zo=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Inl) \n",
+      "Ro=Po/(3*Inl**2) \n",
+      "print(Ro,'Ro(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xo=math.sqrt(Zo**2-Ro**2) \n",
+      "print(Xo,'Xo(ohm)') \n",
+      "#BR test\n",
+      "V_BR=400.0 \n",
+      "I_BR=27.0 \n",
+      "ff=15.0 \n",
+      "P_BR=15000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_BR=V_BR/(math.sqrt(3.0)*I_BR) \n",
+      "R_BR=P_BR/(3*I_BR**2) \n",
+      "X_BR=math.sqrt(Z_BR**2-R_BR**2) \n",
+      "x1=X_BR/2     #at 15 Hz\n",
+      "X1=x1*f/ff     #at 50Hz\n",
+      "print(X1,'X1(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xm=Xo-X1 \n",
+      "print(Xm,'Xm(ohm)') \n",
+      "R1=3.75 \n",
+      "R2=(R_BR-R1)*((Xm+X1)/Xm)**2 \n",
+      "print(R2,'R2(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_TH=(V/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0)))*complex(0,Xm)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "print(V_TH,'V_TH(V)') \n",
+      "Z_TH=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R1,X1)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "print((Z_TH.real),'R_TH(ohm)') \n",
+      "print((Z_TH.imag),'X_TH(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=(math.sqrt((Z_TH.real)**2+(X1+(Z_TH.imag))**2)) \n",
+      "s_max_T=R2/a \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0\n",
+      "Z_tot=complex((Z_TH.real)+a,X1+(Z_TH.imag)) \n",
+      "I2=abs(V_TH)/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "T_max=3*(I2**2)*R2/(s_max_T*(2*math.pi*n_s/60)) \n",
+      "print(T_max,'T_max(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(81.25,X1)/complex(81.25,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/(math.sqrt(3)*abs(Z_in)) \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "s=.04 \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*3*I1**2*(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Prot=Po-Inl**2*R1 \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*I1*pf \n",
+      "Pop=Pmechg-Prot \n",
+      "eff=Pop/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "Tint=Pmechg/((1-s)*2*math.pi*n_s/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tint,'internal torque developed(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(33.333333333333336, 'Ro(ohm)')\n",
+        "(379.5904225463136, 'Xo(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.517574764607758, 'X1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(371.07284778170583, 'Xm(ohm)')\n",
+        "(3.2530626454410436, 'R2(ohm)')\n",
+        "((1862.3223709107285+18.39801131985398j), 'V_TH(V)')\n",
+        "(3.583247004147812, 'R_TH(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.36184927709782, 'X_TH(ohm)')\n",
+        "(2384.194780011334, 'T_max(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8935727897525297, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(1079.130406010449, 'internal torque developed(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and current,full load current,pf, torque , internal and overall eff,slip and max torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=.3 \n",
+      "R2=.25 \n",
+      "X1=.6 \n",
+      "X2=.6 \n",
+      "Xm=35 \n",
+      "Prot=1500.0 \n",
+      "V=231.0 \n",
+      "Z_TH=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R1,X1)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "V_TH=(V*complex(0,Xm))/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "n_s=1500.0 \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s=1 \n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R2,X2)/complex(R2,X2+Xm) \n",
+      "R_f=(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/abs(Z_in) \n",
+      "print(I1,'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "Tstart=3*I1**2*R_f/w_s \n",
+      "print(Tstart,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1450.0 \n",
+      "s=1-n/n_s \n",
+      "a=R2/s \n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(a,X2)/complex(a,X2+Xm) \n",
+      "R_f=(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/abs(Z_in) \n",
+      "print(I1,'full load current(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "P_G=3*I1**2*R_f \n",
+      "Popg=P_G*(1-s) \n",
+      "Pop=Popg-Prot \n",
+      "Tnet=Pop/((1.0-s)*w_s) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'net torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "Vt=400 \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3)*Vt*I1*pf \n",
+      "eff=Pop/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "int_eff=Popg/Pip \n",
+      "print(int_eff*100,'internal eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s_max_T=1/(math.sqrt((Z_TH.real)**2+((Z_TH.imag)+X1)**2)/R2) \n",
+      "print(s_max_T,'max slip') \n",
+      "Z_tot=Z_TH+complex(R2/s_max_T,X2) \n",
+      "I2=abs(V_TH)/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "T_max=3*I2**2*(R2/s_max_T)/w_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_max,'max torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(176.48305256673922, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(143.73484876981178, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(29.954582094223984, 'full load current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9389975693602858, 'pf')\n",
+        "(109.07162925039286, 'net torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(84.9884813377422, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(92.6858609868727, 'internal eff(%)')\n",
+        "(0.2037356745317859, 'max slip')\n",
+        "(324.6427710199817, 'max torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.9, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the line current,pf, power ip, shaft torque, mech op and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=1.4 \n",
+      "R2=.6 \n",
+      "X1=2 \n",
+      "X2=1 \n",
+      "Xm=50.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Prot=275.0 \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip=0.03') \n",
+      "s=0.03 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=Im+I2 \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*abs(I1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*R2/s \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "print(Pmechg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Popnet=Pmechg-Prot \n",
+      "Tnet=Popnet/(w_s*(1.0-s)) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "eff=Popnet/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip= -0.03') \n",
+      "s=-0.03 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=-(Im+I2) \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*abs(I1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*R2/s \n",
+      "Pmechop=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "Pmechipnet=-Pmechop \n",
+      "Pmechipg=Pmechipnet+Prot \n",
+      "print(Pmechipg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Tnet=Pmechipg/(w_s*(1-s)) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "eff=Pip/Pmechipg \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip= 1.2') \n",
+      "s=1.2 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=Im+I2 \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3)*V*abs(I1)*pf \n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*.5/s \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "print(Pmechg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Pmechabs=-Pmechg \n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-s) \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "Tnet=Pmechg/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tnet,'torque developed(Nm)') \n",
+      "P=Pmechabs+Pip \n",
+      "print(P,'power disipated(W)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "slip=0.03\n",
+        "(12.216911505440674, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9389975693602858, 'pf')\n",
+        "(7332.533835874596, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(6647.250299811549, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(62.732482505184755, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8690379672897196, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "slip= -0.03\n",
+        "(13.770083713222693, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8788126748308187, 'pf')\n",
+        "(8384.043272481405, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(9560.553301780481, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(88.63743592263522, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8769412195965717, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "slip= 1.2\n",
+        "(68.98053758242195, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.5044420753093245, 'pf')\n",
+        "(24107.85091197462, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(-1057.3618821041503, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(50.48531105214763, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n",
+        "(25165.21279407877, 'power disipated(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.10 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate max torque and slip, starting torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "k=5.0     #k=I_s/I_fl\n",
+      "s_fl=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s_max_T=math.sqrt((s_fl**2*(1-k**2))/((k*s_fl)**2-1)) \n",
+      "print(s_max_T,'slip') \n",
+      "T_max=.5*(s_max_T**2+s_fl**2)/(s_fl*s_max_T) \n",
+      "print(T_max,'max torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "T_s=k**2*s_fl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(pu)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2, 'slip')\n",
+        "(2.6, 'max torque(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.0, 'starting torque(pu)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.11, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find starting current and torque, necessary exteranl resistance and corresponding starting torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "R2=.1 \n",
+      "X2=2*math.pi*f*3.61*10**-3 \n",
+      "a=3.6 \n",
+      "R22=a**2*R2 \n",
+      "X22=a**2*X2 \n",
+      "V=3000.0 \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "I_s=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/math.sqrt(R22**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "print(I_s,'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "T_s=(3/w_s)*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2*R22/(R22**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iss=30 \n",
+      "Rext=math.sqrt(((V/math.sqrt(3.0)/Iss)**2-X22**2)-R22) \n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "T_s=(3/w_s)*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2*(R22+Rext)/((R22+Rext)**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(117.38613867026375, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(511.600867712354, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(55.821163691822676, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1411.238212203274, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find line current and starting torque with direct switching, stator resistance starting, autotransformer starting, star delta starting, autotransformer ratio give 1 pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "#I_s/I_fl=6 \n",
+      "s_fl=0.05 \n",
+      "print('by direct switching') \n",
+      "Is=6.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by stator resistance starting') \n",
+      "Is=2.0\n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)')         #given\n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by autotransformer starting') \n",
+      "x=2/6.0 \n",
+      "Is_motor=2 \n",
+      "Is=Is_motor*x \n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by star delta starting') \n",
+      "Is=(1/3.0)*6 \n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl*3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by autotransformer starting') \n",
+      "Ts=1.0 \n",
+      "x=math.sqrt(Ts/((6**2)*s_fl)) \n",
+      "print(x,'x') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "by direct switching\n",
+        "(6.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.8, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by stator resistance starting\n",
+        "(2.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.2, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by autotransformer starting\n",
+        "(0.6666666666666666, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.022222222222222223, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by star delta starting\n",
+        "(2.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.6000000000000001, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by autotransformer starting\n",
+        "(0.7453559924999299, 'x')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.13 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find resistance added to ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Rrot=.061 \n",
+      "R2=Rrot/2.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=12.0 \n",
+      "w_s=(120.0*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60.0) \n",
+      "s=0.045 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w=(1.0-s)*w_s \n",
+      "P=200.0*10.0**3 \n",
+      "T_fan=P/w \n",
+      "I2=math.sqrt(T_fan*w_s*s/(3.0*R2)) \n",
+      "E2=I2*R2/s \n",
+      "n=450.0 \n",
+      "ww=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "nn=500.0 \n",
+      "ss=(nn-n)/nn \n",
+      "Tnew=T_fan*(ww/w)**2 \n",
+      "Rt=(3.0/w_s)*(E2*ss)**2/(ss*Tnew) \n",
+      "Rext=Rt-R2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.04581484910836761, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find resistance added to ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n_s=1500.0\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "n=1250.0 \n",
+      "s=1-n/n_s \n",
+      "#Im=(1/3.0)*(0.3+.25/s+j*1.83)ohm/ph\n",
+      "T=150.0 \n",
+      "V=440.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#T=(3.0/w_s)*(V**2*(R_2t/s))/((.1+(R_2t/s))**2+(X1+X2)**2) \n",
+      "#after solving R_2t**2-1.34*R_2t+0.093=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x2 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.34,0.093) \n",
+      "Rext=x-0.083 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resitance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.1835735495309863, 'external resitance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.15, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the min resistance to be added and speed of the motor\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "a=2.5 \n",
+      "X2=.4 \n",
+      "R2=0.08 \n",
+      "n_s=750.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "T=250.0 \n",
+      "x=[];\n",
+      "#T=(3.0/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*R2t/(R2t**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#R2t**2-1.304*R2t+0.16=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x2 \n",
+      "    return x1,x2\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "if x[0]>x[1]:\n",
+      "    R2t=x[1] \n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    R2t=x[0]\n",
+      "Rext=R2t-R2 \n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#T=(3/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*(R2t/s)/((R2t/s)**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#(R2t/s)**2-1.304*(R2t/s)+0.16=0\n",
+      "x=[0,0]\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "s=x[1]/x[0] \n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-s) \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#T=(3/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*(R2/s)/((R2/s)**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#(R2/s)**2-1.304*(R2/s)+0.16=0\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "R2=0.08 \n",
+      "s1=R2/x[0]\n",
+      "s2=R2/x[1]\n",
+      "if s1>s2:\n",
+      "    ss=s2 \n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    ss=s1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-ss) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.057117489129801594, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(661.8693476940879, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(698.5809415763244, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.16, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "T_jm=125\n",
+      "th_jc=.15     #degC/W\n",
+      "th_cs=0.075     #degC/W\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dT=54     #dT=T_s-T_a\n",
+      "P_av=120\n",
+      "th_sa=dT/P_av\n",
+      "T_a=40     #ambient temp\n",
+      "P_av=(T_jm-T_a)/(th_sa+th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "if (P_av-120)<1 :\n",
+      "    print(\"selection of heat sink is satisfactory\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dT=58     #dT=T_s-T_a\n",
+      "P_av=120\n",
+      "th_sa=dT/P_av\n",
+      "T_a=40     #ambient temp\n",
+      "P_av=(T_jm-T_a)/(th_sa+th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "if (P_av-120)<1 :\n",
+      "    print(\"selection of heat sink is satisfactory\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_m=math.sqrt(2)*230\n",
+      "R=2\n",
+      "I_TAV=V_m/(R*math.pi)\n",
+      "P_av=90\n",
+      "th_sa=(T_jm-T_a)/P_av-(th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "dT=P_av*th_sa\n",
+      "print(\"for heat sink\")    \n",
+      "print(\"T_s-T_a=%.2f degC\" %dT)   \n",
+      "print(\"\\nP_av=%.0f W\" %P_av)\n",
+      "P=(V_m/2)**2/R\n",
+      "eff=P/(P+P_av)   \n",
+      "print(\"\\nckt efficiency=%.3f pu\" %eff)\n",
+      "a=60     #delay angle\n",
+      "I_TAV=(V_m/(2*math.pi*R))*(1+math.cos(math.radians(a)))\n",
+      "print(\"\\nI_TAV=%.2f A\" %I_TAV)\n",
+      "dT=46\n",
+      "T_s=dT+T_a\n",
+      "T_c=T_s+P_av*th_cs    \n",
+      "T_j=T_c+P_av*th_jc    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"\\ncase temp=%.2f degC\" %T_c)\n",
+      "print(\"\\njunction temp=%.2f degC\" %T_j)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "for heat sink\n",
+        "T_s-T_a=-20.25 degC\n",
+        "\n",
+        "P_av=90 W\n",
+        "\n",
+        "ckt efficiency=0.993 pu\n",
+        "\n",
+        "I_TAV=38.83 A\n",
+        "\n",
+        "case temp=92.75 degC\n",
+        "\n",
+        "junction temp=106.25 degC\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the ratio of currents and torques at the starting,V2/V1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f1=50.0 \n",
+      "f2=60.0 \n",
+      "f=f2/f1 \n",
+      "V=1     #V=V2/V1\n",
+      "s_max_T=0.2 \n",
+      "#Is=I_s2/I_s1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Is=V*math.sqrt((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)) \n",
+      "print(Is,'ratio of currents at starting') \n",
+      "#Ts=T_s2/T_s1\n",
+      "Ts=V**2*((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)) \n",
+      "print(Ts,'ratio of torques at starting') \n",
+      "#Tmax=Tmax2/Tmax1\n",
+      "Tmax=V**2/f**2 \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'ratio of max torques') \n",
+      "Vr=math.sqrt(1/math.sqrt((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Vr,'V2/V1') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8382736442849094, 'ratio of currents at starting')\n",
+        "(0.7027027027027027, 'ratio of torques at starting')\n",
+        "(0.6944444444444444, 'ratio of max torques')\n",
+        "(1.0922123778851107, 'V2/V1')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate ratio of torques at starting and at slip=0.05\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=0.01 \n",
+      "X1=.5 \n",
+      "R2=0.05 \n",
+      "X2=.1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ts=((R1**2+X1**2)/(R2**2+X2**2))*(R2/R1) \n",
+      "print(Ts,'Tso/Tsi') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s=0.05 \n",
+      "T=(((R1/s)**2+X1**2)/((R2/s)**2+X2**2))*(R2/R1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'To/Ti')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(100.03999999999998, 'Tso/Tsi')\n",
+        "(1.4356435643564356, 'To/Ti')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute acc time and value of rotor resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "s=1-.96     #load is brought to .96 of n_s\n",
+      "s_max_T=math.sqrt((1.0-s**2)/(2*math.log(1.0/s))) \n",
+      "R=1.5 \n",
+      "R2_opt=R*s_max_T \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(R2_opt,'rotor resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "n=1000 \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "V=415 \n",
+      "Tmax=(3.0/w_s)*(.5*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2)/R \n",
+      "J=11 \n",
+      "t_A=(J*w_s/(2*Tmax))*((1-s**2)/(2*s_max_T)+s_max_T*math.log(1.0/s))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(t_A,'acc time(min)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.5907128737793668, 'rotor resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(2.663571640987115, 'acc time(min)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09_1.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c3b55239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1141 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 09 : Induction Machine"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to campute cu loss in rotoe windings, input to the motor, efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f_s=120.0/60         #cycles/min\n",
+      "f=50.0\n",
+      "s=f_s/f \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=(1-s)*n_s \n",
+      "w=n*2*math.pi/60.0 \n",
+      "T=160.0 \n",
+      "P=T*w \n",
+      "T_L=10 \n",
+      "P_m=(T+T_L)*w \n",
+      "cu=P_m*(s/(1.0-s))     \n",
+      "print(cu,'rotor cu loss(W)') \n",
+      "P_sl=800.0     #stator loss\n",
+      "P_in=P_m+cu+P_sl     \n",
+      "print(P_in,'power i/p to motor(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "eff=P/P_in \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100.0,'efficiency(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(712.0943348136864, 'rotor cu loss(W)')\n",
+        "(18602.358370342157, 'power i/p to motor(W)')\n",
+        "(86.46728584706803, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate torque,resitance to be added to rotor ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0\n",
+      "P=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120.0*f/P \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "n=875.0 \n",
+      "s_maxT=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "R_2=.25 \n",
+      "X_2=R_2/s_maxT \n",
+      "T_max=10.0 \n",
+      "#v=V/a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "v=math.sqrt((T_max*w_s*X_2)/(3*.5)) \n",
+      "T=((3.0)*v**2*(R_2/s))/(w_s*((R_2/s)**2+(X_2)**2)) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#from eqn(T_start/T_max)=(R2+Rext)*(X2/.5)/((R2+Rext)**2+X2**2)\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Rt**2-6.67*Rt+4=0\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c)\n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "Rt=quad(1,-6.67,4) \n",
+      "r2=.25 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rt-r2,'external resistance(ohm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.805515239477503, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.41625029274006264, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find slip at max torque,full load slip and rotor current at starting\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "#Tfl=(3/w_s)*(V**2*Rs/s_fl)/((R2/s_fl)**2+X2**2)     (i)\n",
+      "#Ts=(3/w_s)*(V**2*R2)/(R2**2+X2**2)     (ii)\n",
+      "#Tmax=(3/w_s)*(.5*V**2)/X2**2     (iii)\n",
+      "#Tmax/Ts=2     k=R2/X2     (iii)/(ii)and solving\n",
+      "#k**2-4*k+1=0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c)\n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "k=quad(1,-4,1) \n",
+      "print(k,'s_max_T') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(iii)/(i)and solving\n",
+      "#s_fl**2-1.072*s_fl+.072=0\n",
+      "s_fl=quad(1,-1.072,.072) \n",
+      "print(s_fl,'s_fl') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#a=I2_start/I2_fullload\n",
+      "a=math.sqrt((k/s_fl)**2+1)/(k**2+1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'I2_start/I2_fullload') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2679491924311228, 's_max_T')\n",
+        "(0.07200000000000001, 's_fl')\n",
+        "(3.59539147554005, 'I2_start/I2_fullload')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.5 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine ckt model parameters,parameters of thevenin equivalent, max torque and slip, stator current, pf and eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "#NL test\n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "Inl=5.0 \n",
+      "Po=2500.0 \n",
+      "Zo=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Inl) \n",
+      "Ro=Po/(3*Inl**2) \n",
+      "print(Ro,'Ro(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xo=math.sqrt(Zo**2-Ro**2) \n",
+      "print(Xo,'Xo(ohm)') \n",
+      "#BR test\n",
+      "V_BR=400.0 \n",
+      "I_BR=27.0 \n",
+      "ff=15.0 \n",
+      "P_BR=15000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_BR=V_BR/(math.sqrt(3.0)*I_BR) \n",
+      "R_BR=P_BR/(3*I_BR**2) \n",
+      "X_BR=math.sqrt(Z_BR**2-R_BR**2) \n",
+      "x1=X_BR/2     #at 15 Hz\n",
+      "X1=x1*f/ff     #at 50Hz\n",
+      "print(X1,'X1(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xm=Xo-X1 \n",
+      "print(Xm,'Xm(ohm)') \n",
+      "R1=3.75 \n",
+      "R2=(R_BR-R1)*((Xm+X1)/Xm)**2 \n",
+      "print(R2,'R2(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_TH=(V/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0)))*complex(0,Xm)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "print(V_TH,'V_TH(V)') \n",
+      "Z_TH=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R1,X1)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "print((Z_TH.real),'R_TH(ohm)') \n",
+      "print((Z_TH.imag),'X_TH(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=(math.sqrt((Z_TH.real)**2+(X1+(Z_TH.imag))**2)) \n",
+      "s_max_T=R2/a \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0\n",
+      "Z_tot=complex((Z_TH.real)+a,X1+(Z_TH.imag)) \n",
+      "I2=abs(V_TH)/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "T_max=3*(I2**2)*R2/(s_max_T*(2*math.pi*n_s/60)) \n",
+      "print(T_max,'T_max(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(81.25,X1)/complex(81.25,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/(math.sqrt(3)*abs(Z_in)) \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "s=.04 \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*3*I1**2*(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Prot=Po-Inl**2*R1 \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*I1*pf \n",
+      "Pop=Pmechg-Prot \n",
+      "eff=Pop/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "Tint=Pmechg/((1-s)*2*math.pi*n_s/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tint,'internal torque developed(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(33.333333333333336, 'Ro(ohm)')\n",
+        "(379.5904225463136, 'Xo(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.517574764607758, 'X1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(371.07284778170583, 'Xm(ohm)')\n",
+        "(3.2530626454410436, 'R2(ohm)')\n",
+        "((1862.3223709107285+18.39801131985398j), 'V_TH(V)')\n",
+        "(3.583247004147812, 'R_TH(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.36184927709782, 'X_TH(ohm)')\n",
+        "(2384.194780011334, 'T_max(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8935727897525297, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(1079.130406010449, 'internal torque developed(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and current,full load current,pf, torque , internal and overall eff,slip and max torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=.3 \n",
+      "R2=.25 \n",
+      "X1=.6 \n",
+      "X2=.6 \n",
+      "Xm=35 \n",
+      "Prot=1500.0 \n",
+      "V=231.0 \n",
+      "Z_TH=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R1,X1)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "V_TH=(V*complex(0,Xm))/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "n_s=1500.0 \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s=1 \n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R2,X2)/complex(R2,X2+Xm) \n",
+      "R_f=(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/abs(Z_in) \n",
+      "print(I1,'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "Tstart=3*I1**2*R_f/w_s \n",
+      "print(Tstart,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1450.0 \n",
+      "s=1-n/n_s \n",
+      "a=R2/s \n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(a,X2)/complex(a,X2+Xm) \n",
+      "R_f=(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/abs(Z_in) \n",
+      "print(I1,'full load current(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "P_G=3*I1**2*R_f \n",
+      "Popg=P_G*(1-s) \n",
+      "Pop=Popg-Prot \n",
+      "Tnet=Pop/((1.0-s)*w_s) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'net torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "Vt=400 \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3)*Vt*I1*pf \n",
+      "eff=Pop/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "int_eff=Popg/Pip \n",
+      "print(int_eff*100,'internal eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s_max_T=1/(math.sqrt((Z_TH.real)**2+((Z_TH.imag)+X1)**2)/R2) \n",
+      "print(s_max_T,'max slip') \n",
+      "Z_tot=Z_TH+complex(R2/s_max_T,X2) \n",
+      "I2=abs(V_TH)/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "T_max=3*I2**2*(R2/s_max_T)/w_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_max,'max torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(176.48305256673922, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(143.73484876981178, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(29.954582094223984, 'full load current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9389975693602858, 'pf')\n",
+        "(109.07162925039286, 'net torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(84.9884813377422, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(92.6858609868727, 'internal eff(%)')\n",
+        "(0.2037356745317859, 'max slip')\n",
+        "(324.6427710199817, 'max torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.9, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the line current,pf, power ip, shaft torque, mech op and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=1.4 \n",
+      "R2=.6 \n",
+      "X1=2 \n",
+      "X2=1 \n",
+      "Xm=50.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Prot=275.0 \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip=0.03') \n",
+      "s=0.03 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=Im+I2 \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*abs(I1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*R2/s \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "print(Pmechg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Popnet=Pmechg-Prot \n",
+      "Tnet=Popnet/(w_s*(1.0-s)) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "eff=Popnet/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip= -0.03') \n",
+      "s=-0.03 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=-(Im+I2) \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*abs(I1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*R2/s \n",
+      "Pmechop=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "Pmechipnet=-Pmechop \n",
+      "Pmechipg=Pmechipnet+Prot \n",
+      "print(Pmechipg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Tnet=Pmechipg/(w_s*(1-s)) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "eff=Pip/Pmechipg \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip= 1.2') \n",
+      "s=1.2 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=Im+I2 \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3)*V*abs(I1)*pf \n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*.5/s \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "print(Pmechg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Pmechabs=-Pmechg \n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-s) \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "Tnet=Pmechg/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tnet,'torque developed(Nm)') \n",
+      "P=Pmechabs+Pip \n",
+      "print(P,'power disipated(W)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "slip=0.03\n",
+        "(12.216911505440674, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9389975693602858, 'pf')\n",
+        "(7332.533835874596, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(6647.250299811549, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(62.732482505184755, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8690379672897196, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "slip= -0.03\n",
+        "(13.770083713222693, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8788126748308187, 'pf')\n",
+        "(8384.043272481405, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(9560.553301780481, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(88.63743592263522, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8769412195965717, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "slip= 1.2\n",
+        "(68.98053758242195, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.5044420753093245, 'pf')\n",
+        "(24107.85091197462, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(-1057.3618821041503, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(50.48531105214763, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n",
+        "(25165.21279407877, 'power disipated(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.10 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate max torque and slip, starting torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "k=5.0     #k=I_s/I_fl\n",
+      "s_fl=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s_max_T=math.sqrt((s_fl**2*(1-k**2))/((k*s_fl)**2-1)) \n",
+      "print(s_max_T,'slip') \n",
+      "T_max=.5*(s_max_T**2+s_fl**2)/(s_fl*s_max_T) \n",
+      "print(T_max,'max torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "T_s=k**2*s_fl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(pu)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2, 'slip')\n",
+        "(2.6, 'max torque(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.0, 'starting torque(pu)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.11, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find starting current and torque, necessary exteranl resistance and corresponding starting torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "R2=.1 \n",
+      "X2=2*math.pi*f*3.61*10**-3 \n",
+      "a=3.6 \n",
+      "R22=a**2*R2 \n",
+      "X22=a**2*X2 \n",
+      "V=3000.0 \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "I_s=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/math.sqrt(R22**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "print(I_s,'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "T_s=(3/w_s)*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2*R22/(R22**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iss=30 \n",
+      "Rext=math.sqrt(((V/math.sqrt(3.0)/Iss)**2-X22**2)-R22) \n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "T_s=(3/w_s)*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2*(R22+Rext)/((R22+Rext)**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(117.38613867026375, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(511.600867712354, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(55.821163691822676, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1411.238212203274, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find line current and starting torque with direct switching, stator resistance starting, autotransformer starting, star delta starting, autotransformer ratio give 1 pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "#I_s/I_fl=6 \n",
+      "s_fl=0.05 \n",
+      "print('by direct switching') \n",
+      "Is=6.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by stator resistance starting') \n",
+      "Is=2.0\n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)')         #given\n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by autotransformer starting') \n",
+      "x=2/6.0 \n",
+      "Is_motor=2 \n",
+      "Is=Is_motor*x \n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by star delta starting') \n",
+      "Is=(1/3.0)*6 \n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl*3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by autotransformer starting') \n",
+      "Ts=1.0 \n",
+      "x=math.sqrt(Ts/((6**2)*s_fl)) \n",
+      "print(x,'x') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "by direct switching\n",
+        "(6.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.8, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by stator resistance starting\n",
+        "(2.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.2, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by autotransformer starting\n",
+        "(0.6666666666666666, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.022222222222222223, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by star delta starting\n",
+        "(2.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.6000000000000001, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by autotransformer starting\n",
+        "(0.7453559924999299, 'x')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.13 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find resistance added to ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Rrot=.061 \n",
+      "R2=Rrot/2.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=12.0 \n",
+      "w_s=(120.0*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60.0) \n",
+      "s=0.045 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w=(1.0-s)*w_s \n",
+      "P=200.0*10.0**3 \n",
+      "T_fan=P/w \n",
+      "I2=math.sqrt(T_fan*w_s*s/(3.0*R2)) \n",
+      "E2=I2*R2/s \n",
+      "n=450.0 \n",
+      "ww=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "nn=500.0 \n",
+      "ss=(nn-n)/nn \n",
+      "Tnew=T_fan*(ww/w)**2 \n",
+      "Rt=(3.0/w_s)*(E2*ss)**2/(ss*Tnew) \n",
+      "Rext=Rt-R2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.04581484910836761, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find resistance added to ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n_s=1500.0\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "n=1250.0 \n",
+      "s=1-n/n_s \n",
+      "#Im=(1/3.0)*(0.3+.25/s+j*1.83)ohm/ph\n",
+      "T=150.0 \n",
+      "V=440.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#T=(3.0/w_s)*(V**2*(R_2t/s))/((.1+(R_2t/s))**2+(X1+X2)**2) \n",
+      "#after solving R_2t**2-1.34*R_2t+0.093=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x2 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.34,0.093) \n",
+      "Rext=x-0.083 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resitance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.1835735495309863, 'external resitance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.15, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the min resistance to be added and speed of the motor\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "a=2.5 \n",
+      "X2=.4 \n",
+      "R2=0.08 \n",
+      "n_s=750.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "T=250.0 \n",
+      "x=[];\n",
+      "#T=(3.0/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*R2t/(R2t**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#R2t**2-1.304*R2t+0.16=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x2 \n",
+      "    return x1,x2\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "if x[0]>x[1]:\n",
+      "    R2t=x[1] \n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    R2t=x[0]\n",
+      "Rext=R2t-R2 \n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#T=(3/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*(R2t/s)/((R2t/s)**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#(R2t/s)**2-1.304*(R2t/s)+0.16=0\n",
+      "x=[0,0]\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "s=x[1]/x[0] \n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-s) \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#T=(3/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*(R2/s)/((R2/s)**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#(R2/s)**2-1.304*(R2/s)+0.16=0\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "R2=0.08 \n",
+      "s1=R2/x[0]\n",
+      "s2=R2/x[1]\n",
+      "if s1>s2:\n",
+      "    ss=s2 \n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    ss=s1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-ss) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.057117489129801594, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(661.8693476940879, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(698.5809415763244, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.16, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "T_jm=125\n",
+      "th_jc=.15     #degC/W\n",
+      "th_cs=0.075     #degC/W\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dT=54     #dT=T_s-T_a\n",
+      "P_av=120\n",
+      "th_sa=dT/P_av\n",
+      "T_a=40     #ambient temp\n",
+      "P_av=(T_jm-T_a)/(th_sa+th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "if (P_av-120)<1 :\n",
+      "    print(\"selection of heat sink is satisfactory\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dT=58     #dT=T_s-T_a\n",
+      "P_av=120\n",
+      "th_sa=dT/P_av\n",
+      "T_a=40     #ambient temp\n",
+      "P_av=(T_jm-T_a)/(th_sa+th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "if (P_av-120)<1 :\n",
+      "    print(\"selection of heat sink is satisfactory\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_m=math.sqrt(2)*230\n",
+      "R=2\n",
+      "I_TAV=V_m/(R*math.pi)\n",
+      "P_av=90\n",
+      "th_sa=(T_jm-T_a)/P_av-(th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "dT=P_av*th_sa\n",
+      "print(\"for heat sink\")    \n",
+      "print(\"T_s-T_a=%.2f degC\" %dT)   \n",
+      "print(\"\\nP_av=%.0f W\" %P_av)\n",
+      "P=(V_m/2)**2/R\n",
+      "eff=P/(P+P_av)   \n",
+      "print(\"\\nckt efficiency=%.3f pu\" %eff)\n",
+      "a=60     #delay angle\n",
+      "I_TAV=(V_m/(2*math.pi*R))*(1+math.cos(math.radians(a)))\n",
+      "print(\"\\nI_TAV=%.2f A\" %I_TAV)\n",
+      "dT=46\n",
+      "T_s=dT+T_a\n",
+      "T_c=T_s+P_av*th_cs    \n",
+      "T_j=T_c+P_av*th_jc    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"\\ncase temp=%.2f degC\" %T_c)\n",
+      "print(\"\\njunction temp=%.2f degC\" %T_j)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "for heat sink\n",
+        "T_s-T_a=-20.25 degC\n",
+        "\n",
+        "P_av=90 W\n",
+        "\n",
+        "ckt efficiency=0.993 pu\n",
+        "\n",
+        "I_TAV=38.83 A\n",
+        "\n",
+        "case temp=92.75 degC\n",
+        "\n",
+        "junction temp=106.25 degC\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the ratio of currents and torques at the starting,V2/V1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f1=50.0 \n",
+      "f2=60.0 \n",
+      "f=f2/f1 \n",
+      "V=1     #V=V2/V1\n",
+      "s_max_T=0.2 \n",
+      "#Is=I_s2/I_s1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Is=V*math.sqrt((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)) \n",
+      "print(Is,'ratio of currents at starting') \n",
+      "#Ts=T_s2/T_s1\n",
+      "Ts=V**2*((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)) \n",
+      "print(Ts,'ratio of torques at starting') \n",
+      "#Tmax=Tmax2/Tmax1\n",
+      "Tmax=V**2/f**2 \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'ratio of max torques') \n",
+      "Vr=math.sqrt(1/math.sqrt((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Vr,'V2/V1') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8382736442849094, 'ratio of currents at starting')\n",
+        "(0.7027027027027027, 'ratio of torques at starting')\n",
+        "(0.6944444444444444, 'ratio of max torques')\n",
+        "(1.0922123778851107, 'V2/V1')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate ratio of torques at starting and at slip=0.05\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=0.01 \n",
+      "X1=.5 \n",
+      "R2=0.05 \n",
+      "X2=.1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ts=((R1**2+X1**2)/(R2**2+X2**2))*(R2/R1) \n",
+      "print(Ts,'Tso/Tsi') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s=0.05 \n",
+      "T=(((R1/s)**2+X1**2)/((R2/s)**2+X2**2))*(R2/R1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'To/Ti')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(100.03999999999998, 'Tso/Tsi')\n",
+        "(1.4356435643564356, 'To/Ti')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute acc time and value of rotor resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "s=1-.96     #load is brought to .96 of n_s\n",
+      "s_max_T=math.sqrt((1.0-s**2)/(2*math.log(1.0/s))) \n",
+      "R=1.5 \n",
+      "R2_opt=R*s_max_T \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(R2_opt,'rotor resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "n=1000 \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "V=415 \n",
+      "Tmax=(3.0/w_s)*(.5*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2)/R \n",
+      "J=11 \n",
+      "t_A=(J*w_s/(2*Tmax))*((1-s**2)/(2*s_max_T)+s_max_T*math.log(1.0/s))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(t_A,'acc time(min)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.5907128737793668, 'rotor resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(2.663571640987115, 'acc time(min)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09_2.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c3b55239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter09_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1141 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 09 : Induction Machine"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to campute cu loss in rotoe windings, input to the motor, efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f_s=120.0/60         #cycles/min\n",
+      "f=50.0\n",
+      "s=f_s/f \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=(1-s)*n_s \n",
+      "w=n*2*math.pi/60.0 \n",
+      "T=160.0 \n",
+      "P=T*w \n",
+      "T_L=10 \n",
+      "P_m=(T+T_L)*w \n",
+      "cu=P_m*(s/(1.0-s))     \n",
+      "print(cu,'rotor cu loss(W)') \n",
+      "P_sl=800.0     #stator loss\n",
+      "P_in=P_m+cu+P_sl     \n",
+      "print(P_in,'power i/p to motor(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "eff=P/P_in \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100.0,'efficiency(%)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(712.0943348136864, 'rotor cu loss(W)')\n",
+        "(18602.358370342157, 'power i/p to motor(W)')\n",
+        "(86.46728584706803, 'efficiency(%)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 18
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate torque,resitance to be added to rotor ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "f=50.0\n",
+      "P=6.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120.0*f/P \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "n=875.0 \n",
+      "s_maxT=(n_s-n)/n_s \n",
+      "R_2=.25 \n",
+      "X_2=R_2/s_maxT \n",
+      "T_max=10.0 \n",
+      "#v=V/a\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "v=math.sqrt((T_max*w_s*X_2)/(3*.5)) \n",
+      "T=((3.0)*v**2*(R_2/s))/(w_s*((R_2/s)**2+(X_2)**2)) \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#from eqn(T_start/T_max)=(R2+Rext)*(X2/.5)/((R2+Rext)**2+X2**2)\n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#Rt**2-6.67*Rt+4=0\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c)\n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "Rt=quad(1,-6.67,4) \n",
+      "r2=.25 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rt-r2,'external resistance(ohm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(5.805515239477503, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.41625029274006264, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 19
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find slip at max torque,full load slip and rotor current at starting\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "#Tfl=(3/w_s)*(V**2*Rs/s_fl)/((R2/s_fl)**2+X2**2)     (i)\n",
+      "#Ts=(3/w_s)*(V**2*R2)/(R2**2+X2**2)     (ii)\n",
+      "#Tmax=(3/w_s)*(.5*V**2)/X2**2     (iii)\n",
+      "#Tmax/Ts=2     k=R2/X2     (iii)/(ii)and solving\n",
+      "#k**2-4*k+1=0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c)\n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x2\n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "k=quad(1,-4,1) \n",
+      "print(k,'s_max_T') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#(iii)/(i)and solving\n",
+      "#s_fl**2-1.072*s_fl+.072=0\n",
+      "s_fl=quad(1,-1.072,.072) \n",
+      "print(s_fl,'s_fl') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#a=I2_start/I2_fullload\n",
+      "a=math.sqrt((k/s_fl)**2+1)/(k**2+1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'I2_start/I2_fullload') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2679491924311228, 's_max_T')\n",
+        "(0.07200000000000001, 's_fl')\n",
+        "(3.59539147554005, 'I2_start/I2_fullload')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 20
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.5 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine ckt model parameters,parameters of thevenin equivalent, max torque and slip, stator current, pf and eff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "j=math.sqrt(1.0) \n",
+      "#NL test\n",
+      "V=3300.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "Inl=5.0 \n",
+      "Po=2500.0 \n",
+      "Zo=V/(math.sqrt(3.0)*Inl) \n",
+      "Ro=Po/(3*Inl**2) \n",
+      "print(Ro,'Ro(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xo=math.sqrt(Zo**2-Ro**2) \n",
+      "print(Xo,'Xo(ohm)') \n",
+      "#BR test\n",
+      "V_BR=400.0 \n",
+      "I_BR=27.0 \n",
+      "ff=15.0 \n",
+      "P_BR=15000.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_BR=V_BR/(math.sqrt(3.0)*I_BR) \n",
+      "R_BR=P_BR/(3*I_BR**2) \n",
+      "X_BR=math.sqrt(Z_BR**2-R_BR**2) \n",
+      "x1=X_BR/2     #at 15 Hz\n",
+      "X1=x1*f/ff     #at 50Hz\n",
+      "print(X1,'X1(ohm)') \n",
+      "Xm=Xo-X1 \n",
+      "print(Xm,'Xm(ohm)') \n",
+      "R1=3.75 \n",
+      "R2=(R_BR-R1)*((Xm+X1)/Xm)**2 \n",
+      "print(R2,'R2(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_TH=(V/math.sqrt(3))*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0)))*complex(0,Xm)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "print(V_TH,'V_TH(V)') \n",
+      "Z_TH=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R1,X1)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "print((Z_TH.real),'R_TH(ohm)') \n",
+      "print((Z_TH.imag),'X_TH(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "a=(math.sqrt((Z_TH.real)**2+(X1+(Z_TH.imag))**2)) \n",
+      "s_max_T=R2/a \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0\n",
+      "Z_tot=complex((Z_TH.real)+a,X1+(Z_TH.imag)) \n",
+      "I2=abs(V_TH)/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "T_max=3*(I2**2)*R2/(s_max_T*(2*math.pi*n_s/60)) \n",
+      "print(T_max,'T_max(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(81.25,X1)/complex(81.25,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/(math.sqrt(3)*abs(Z_in)) \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "s=.04 \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*3*I1**2*(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Prot=Po-Inl**2*R1 \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*I1*pf \n",
+      "Pop=Pmechg-Prot \n",
+      "eff=Pop/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "Tint=Pmechg/((1-s)*2*math.pi*n_s/60) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tint,'internal torque developed(Nm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(33.333333333333336, 'Ro(ohm)')\n",
+        "(379.5904225463136, 'Xo(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.517574764607758, 'X1(ohm)')\n",
+        "(371.07284778170583, 'Xm(ohm)')\n",
+        "(3.2530626454410436, 'R2(ohm)')\n",
+        "((1862.3223709107285+18.39801131985398j), 'V_TH(V)')\n",
+        "(3.583247004147812, 'R_TH(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.36184927709782, 'X_TH(ohm)')\n",
+        "(2384.194780011334, 'T_max(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8935727897525297, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(1079.130406010449, 'internal torque developed(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 21
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and current,full load current,pf, torque , internal and overall eff,slip and max torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=.3 \n",
+      "R2=.25 \n",
+      "X1=.6 \n",
+      "X2=.6 \n",
+      "Xm=35 \n",
+      "Prot=1500.0 \n",
+      "V=231.0 \n",
+      "Z_TH=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R1,X1)/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "V_TH=(V*complex(0,Xm))/complex(R1,X1+Xm) \n",
+      "n_s=1500.0 \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s=1 \n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(R2,X2)/complex(R2,X2+Xm) \n",
+      "R_f=(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/abs(Z_in) \n",
+      "print(I1,'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "Tstart=3*I1**2*R_f/w_s \n",
+      "print(Tstart,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=1450.0 \n",
+      "s=1-n/n_s \n",
+      "a=R2/s \n",
+      "Z_f=complex(0,Xm)*complex(a,X2)/complex(a,X2+Xm) \n",
+      "R_f=(Z_f.real) \n",
+      "Z_in=Z_f+complex(R1,X1) \n",
+      "I1=V/abs(Z_in) \n",
+      "print(I1,'full load current(A)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "P_G=3*I1**2*R_f \n",
+      "Popg=P_G*(1-s) \n",
+      "Pop=Popg-Prot \n",
+      "Tnet=Pop/((1.0-s)*w_s) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'net torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "Vt=400 \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3)*Vt*I1*pf \n",
+      "eff=Pop/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "int_eff=Popg/Pip \n",
+      "print(int_eff*100,'internal eff(%)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s_max_T=1/(math.sqrt((Z_TH.real)**2+((Z_TH.imag)+X1)**2)/R2) \n",
+      "print(s_max_T,'max slip') \n",
+      "Z_tot=Z_TH+complex(R2/s_max_T,X2) \n",
+      "I2=abs(V_TH)/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "T_max=3*I2**2*(R2/s_max_T)/w_s \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_max,'max torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(176.48305256673922, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(143.73484876981178, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(29.954582094223984, 'full load current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9389975693602858, 'pf')\n",
+        "(109.07162925039286, 'net torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(84.9884813377422, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(92.6858609868727, 'internal eff(%)')\n",
+        "(0.2037356745317859, 'max slip')\n",
+        "(324.6427710199817, 'max torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 22
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.9, Page No 152"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine the line current,pf, power ip, shaft torque, mech op and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=1.4 \n",
+      "R2=.6 \n",
+      "X1=2 \n",
+      "X2=1 \n",
+      "Xm=50.0 \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "Prot=275.0 \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip=0.03') \n",
+      "s=0.03 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=Im+I2 \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((Z_in.imag)/(Z_in.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*abs(I1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*R2/s \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "print(Pmechg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Popnet=Pmechg-Prot \n",
+      "Tnet=Popnet/(w_s*(1.0-s)) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "eff=Popnet/Pip \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip= -0.03') \n",
+      "s=-0.03 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=-(Im+I2) \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3.0)*V*abs(I1)*math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*R2/s \n",
+      "Pmechop=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "Pmechipnet=-Pmechop \n",
+      "Pmechipg=Pmechipnet+Prot \n",
+      "print(Pmechipg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Tnet=Pmechipg/(w_s*(1-s)) \n",
+      "print(Tnet,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "eff=Pip/Pmechipg \n",
+      "print(eff,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('slip= 1.2') \n",
+      "s=1.2 \n",
+      "I2=(V/math.sqrt(3))/complex(R1+R2/s,X1+X2) \n",
+      "Im=(V/math.sqrt(3))/(Xm*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90)))) \n",
+      "I1=Im+I2 \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I1) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I1.imag)/(I1.real)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "Pip=math.sqrt(3)*V*abs(I1)*pf \n",
+      "print(Pip,'power i/p(W)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "P_G=3*abs(I2)**2*.5/s \n",
+      "Pmechg=(1-s)*P_G \n",
+      "print(Pmechg,'mech power op(W)') \n",
+      "Pmechabs=-Pmechg \n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-s) \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "Tnet=Pmechg/w \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Tnet,'torque developed(Nm)') \n",
+      "P=Pmechabs+Pip \n",
+      "print(P,'power disipated(W)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "slip=0.03\n",
+        "(12.216911505440674, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.9389975693602858, 'pf')\n",
+        "(7332.533835874596, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(6647.250299811549, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(62.732482505184755, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8690379672897196, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "slip= -0.03\n",
+        "(13.770083713222693, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.8788126748308187, 'pf')\n",
+        "(8384.043272481405, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(9560.553301780481, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(88.63743592263522, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.8769412195965717, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "slip= 1.2\n",
+        "(68.98053758242195, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.5044420753093245, 'pf')\n",
+        "(24107.85091197462, 'power i/p(W)')\n",
+        "(-1057.3618821041503, 'mech power op(W)')\n",
+        "(50.48531105214763, 'torque developed(Nm)')\n",
+        "(25165.21279407877, 'power disipated(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 23
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.10 Page No 163"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate max torque and slip, starting torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "k=5.0     #k=I_s/I_fl\n",
+      "s_fl=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "s_max_T=math.sqrt((s_fl**2*(1-k**2))/((k*s_fl)**2-1)) \n",
+      "print(s_max_T,'slip') \n",
+      "T_max=.5*(s_max_T**2+s_fl**2)/(s_fl*s_max_T) \n",
+      "print(T_max,'max torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "T_s=k**2*s_fl \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(pu)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.2, 'slip')\n",
+        "(2.6, 'max torque(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.0, 'starting torque(pu)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 24
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.11, Page No 164"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find starting current and torque, necessary exteranl resistance and corresponding starting torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "R2=.1 \n",
+      "X2=2*math.pi*f*3.61*10**-3 \n",
+      "a=3.6 \n",
+      "R22=a**2*R2 \n",
+      "X22=a**2*X2 \n",
+      "V=3000.0 \n",
+      "n_s=1000.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "I_s=(V/math.sqrt(3.0))/math.sqrt(R22**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "print(I_s,'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "T_s=(3/w_s)*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2*R22/(R22**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Iss=30 \n",
+      "Rext=math.sqrt(((V/math.sqrt(3.0)/Iss)**2-X22**2)-R22) \n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "T_s=(3/w_s)*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2*(R22+Rext)/((R22+Rext)**2+X22**2) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T_s,'torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(117.38613867026375, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(511.600867712354, 'torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(55.821163691822676, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(1411.238212203274, 'torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 25
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.12 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#find line current and starting torque with direct switching, stator resistance starting, autotransformer starting, star delta starting, autotransformer ratio give 1 pu\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "#I_s/I_fl=6 \n",
+      "s_fl=0.05 \n",
+      "print('by direct switching') \n",
+      "Is=6.0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by stator resistance starting') \n",
+      "Is=2.0\n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)')         #given\n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by autotransformer starting') \n",
+      "x=2/6.0 \n",
+      "Is_motor=2 \n",
+      "Is=Is_motor*x \n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl \n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by star delta starting') \n",
+      "Is=(1/3.0)*6 \n",
+      "print(Is,'line current(pu)') \n",
+      "T=Is**2*s_fl*3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'torque(pu)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "print('by autotransformer starting') \n",
+      "Ts=1.0 \n",
+      "x=math.sqrt(Ts/((6**2)*s_fl)) \n",
+      "print(x,'x') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "by direct switching\n",
+        "(6.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(1.8, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by stator resistance starting\n",
+        "(2.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.2, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by autotransformer starting\n",
+        "(0.6666666666666666, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.022222222222222223, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by star delta starting\n",
+        "(2.0, 'line current(pu)')\n",
+        "(0.6000000000000001, 'torque(pu)')\n",
+        "by autotransformer starting\n",
+        "(0.7453559924999299, 'x')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 26
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.13 Page No 165"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find resistance added to ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "Rrot=.061 \n",
+      "R2=Rrot/2.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "P=12.0 \n",
+      "w_s=(120.0*f/P)*(2*math.pi/60.0) \n",
+      "s=0.045 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w=(1.0-s)*w_s \n",
+      "P=200.0*10.0**3 \n",
+      "T_fan=P/w \n",
+      "I2=math.sqrt(T_fan*w_s*s/(3.0*R2)) \n",
+      "E2=I2*R2/s \n",
+      "n=450.0 \n",
+      "ww=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "nn=500.0 \n",
+      "ss=(nn-n)/nn \n",
+      "Tnew=T_fan*(ww/w)**2 \n",
+      "Rt=(3.0/w_s)*(E2*ss)**2/(ss*Tnew) \n",
+      "Rext=Rt-R2 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.04581484910836761, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 27
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.14 Page No 172"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find resistance added to ckt\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "n_s=1500.0\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "n=1250.0 \n",
+      "s=1-n/n_s \n",
+      "#Im=(1/3.0)*(0.3+.25/s+j*1.83)ohm/ph\n",
+      "T=150.0 \n",
+      "V=440.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "#T=(3.0/w_s)*(V**2*(R_2t/s))/((.1+(R_2t/s))**2+(X1+X2)**2) \n",
+      "#after solving R_2t**2-1.34*R_2t+0.093=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x2 \n",
+      "    return x\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.34,0.093) \n",
+      "Rext=x-0.083 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resitance(ohm)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(1.1835735495309863, 'external resitance(ohm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 28
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.15, Page No 176"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate the min resistance to be added and speed of the motor\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V=400.0 \n",
+      "a=2.5 \n",
+      "X2=.4 \n",
+      "R2=0.08 \n",
+      "n_s=750.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60.0 \n",
+      "T=250.0 \n",
+      "x=[];\n",
+      "#T=(3.0/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*R2t/(R2t**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#R2t**2-1.304*R2t+0.16=0\n",
+      "\n",
+      "def quad(a,b,c):\n",
+      "    d=math.sqrt(b**2-4*a*c) \n",
+      "    x1=(-b+d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    x2=(-b-d)/(2*a) \n",
+      "    if(x1>x2):\n",
+      "        x=x1 \n",
+      "    else:\n",
+      "        x=x2 \n",
+      "    return x1,x2\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "if x[0]>x[1]:\n",
+      "    R2t=x[1] \n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    R2t=x[0]\n",
+      "Rext=R2t-R2 \n",
+      "print(Rext,'external resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#T=(3/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*(R2t/s)/((R2t/s)**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#(R2t/s)**2-1.304*(R2t/s)+0.16=0\n",
+      "x=[0,0]\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "s=x[1]/x[0] \n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-s) \n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#T=(3/w_s)*((V/math.sqrt(3))/a)*(R2/s)/((R2/s)**2+X2**2) \n",
+      "#after solving\n",
+      "#(R2/s)**2-1.304*(R2/s)+0.16=0\n",
+      "x=quad(1,-1.304,0.16) \n",
+      "R2=0.08 \n",
+      "s1=R2/x[0]\n",
+      "s2=R2/x[1]\n",
+      "if s1>s2:\n",
+      "    ss=s2 \n",
+      "else:\n",
+      "    ss=s1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "n=n_s*(1-ss) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(n,'speed(rpm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.057117489129801594, 'external resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(661.8693476940879, 'speed(rpm)')\n",
+        "(698.5809415763244, 'speed(rpm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 29
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.16, Page No 186"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "\n",
+      "T_jm=125\n",
+      "th_jc=.15     #degC/W\n",
+      "th_cs=0.075     #degC/W\n",
+      "\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "dT=54     #dT=T_s-T_a\n",
+      "P_av=120\n",
+      "th_sa=dT/P_av\n",
+      "T_a=40     #ambient temp\n",
+      "P_av=(T_jm-T_a)/(th_sa+th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "if (P_av-120)<1 :\n",
+      "    print(\"selection of heat sink is satisfactory\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "dT=58     #dT=T_s-T_a\n",
+      "P_av=120\n",
+      "th_sa=dT/P_av\n",
+      "T_a=40     #ambient temp\n",
+      "P_av=(T_jm-T_a)/(th_sa+th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "if (P_av-120)<1 :\n",
+      "    print(\"selection of heat sink is satisfactory\")\n",
+      "\n",
+      "V_m=math.sqrt(2)*230\n",
+      "R=2\n",
+      "I_TAV=V_m/(R*math.pi)\n",
+      "P_av=90\n",
+      "th_sa=(T_jm-T_a)/P_av-(th_jc+th_cs)\n",
+      "dT=P_av*th_sa\n",
+      "print(\"for heat sink\")    \n",
+      "print(\"T_s-T_a=%.2f degC\" %dT)   \n",
+      "print(\"\\nP_av=%.0f W\" %P_av)\n",
+      "P=(V_m/2)**2/R\n",
+      "eff=P/(P+P_av)   \n",
+      "print(\"\\nckt efficiency=%.3f pu\" %eff)\n",
+      "a=60     #delay angle\n",
+      "I_TAV=(V_m/(2*math.pi*R))*(1+math.cos(math.radians(a)))\n",
+      "print(\"\\nI_TAV=%.2f A\" %I_TAV)\n",
+      "dT=46\n",
+      "T_s=dT+T_a\n",
+      "T_c=T_s+P_av*th_cs    \n",
+      "T_j=T_c+P_av*th_jc    \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(\"\\ncase temp=%.2f degC\" %T_c)\n",
+      "print(\"\\njunction temp=%.2f degC\" %T_j)\n",
+      "\n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "for heat sink\n",
+        "T_s-T_a=-20.25 degC\n",
+        "\n",
+        "P_av=90 W\n",
+        "\n",
+        "ckt efficiency=0.993 pu\n",
+        "\n",
+        "I_TAV=38.83 A\n",
+        "\n",
+        "case temp=92.75 degC\n",
+        "\n",
+        "junction temp=106.25 degC\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 30
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.17, Page No 187"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to find the ratio of currents and torques at the starting,V2/V1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f1=50.0 \n",
+      "f2=60.0 \n",
+      "f=f2/f1 \n",
+      "V=1     #V=V2/V1\n",
+      "s_max_T=0.2 \n",
+      "#Is=I_s2/I_s1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Is=V*math.sqrt((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)) \n",
+      "print(Is,'ratio of currents at starting') \n",
+      "#Ts=T_s2/T_s1\n",
+      "Ts=V**2*((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)) \n",
+      "print(Ts,'ratio of torques at starting') \n",
+      "#Tmax=Tmax2/Tmax1\n",
+      "Tmax=V**2/f**2 \n",
+      "print(Tmax,'ratio of max torques') \n",
+      "Vr=math.sqrt(1/math.sqrt((s_max_T**2+1)/(s_max_T**2+f**2)))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Vr,'V2/V1') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.8382736442849094, 'ratio of currents at starting')\n",
+        "(0.7027027027027027, 'ratio of torques at starting')\n",
+        "(0.6944444444444444, 'ratio of max torques')\n",
+        "(1.0922123778851107, 'V2/V1')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 31
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.18, Page No 197"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate ratio of torques at starting and at slip=0.05\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R1=0.01 \n",
+      "X1=.5 \n",
+      "R2=0.05 \n",
+      "X2=.1 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Ts=((R1**2+X1**2)/(R2**2+X2**2))*(R2/R1) \n",
+      "print(Ts,'Tso/Tsi') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "s=0.05 \n",
+      "T=(((R1/s)**2+X1**2)/((R2/s)**2+X2**2))*(R2/R1) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(T,'To/Ti')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(100.03999999999998, 'Tso/Tsi')\n",
+        "(1.4356435643564356, 'To/Ti')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 32
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 9.19, Page No 198"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute acc time and value of rotor resistance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "s=1-.96     #load is brought to .96 of n_s\n",
+      "s_max_T=math.sqrt((1.0-s**2)/(2*math.log(1.0/s))) \n",
+      "R=1.5 \n",
+      "R2_opt=R*s_max_T \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "print(R2_opt,'rotor resistance(ohm)') \n",
+      "n=1000 \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n/60 \n",
+      "V=415 \n",
+      "Tmax=(3.0/w_s)*(.5*(V/math.sqrt(3.0))**2)/R \n",
+      "J=11 \n",
+      "t_A=(J*w_s/(2*Tmax))*((1-s**2)/(2*s_max_T)+s_max_T*math.log(1.0/s))\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(t_A,'acc time(min)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.5907128737793668, 'rotor resistance(ohm)')\n",
+        "(2.663571640987115, 'acc time(min)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 33
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..5b64b11d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10 : Fractional Kilowatt Motors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to compute the ratio of E_mf/E_mb,V_f/V_b,T_f/T_b,gross total torque,T_f/total torque, T_b/total torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_lm=3.0 \n",
+      "X_lm=5.0 \n",
+      "R_2=1.5 \n",
+      "X_2=2.0 \n",
+      "s=1-.97         #slip\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=complex(R_2/s,X_2) \n",
+      "b=complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2) \n",
+      "c=abs(a)/abs(b) \n",
+      "print(c,'E_mf/E_mb') \n",
+      "a=(1.0/2)*complex((R_lm+R_2/s),(X_lm+X_2)) \n",
+      "b=(1.0/2)*complex((R_lm+R_2/(2-s)),(X_lm+X_2)) \n",
+      "c=abs(a)/abs(b) \n",
+      "print(c,'V_f/V_b') \n",
+      "d=(2.0-s)/s \n",
+      "print(d,'T_f/T_b') \n",
+      "Z_tot=a+b \n",
+      "V=220.0 \n",
+      "I_m=V/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "P=6.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120.0*f/P \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "T_f=(I_m**2*R_2/(2*w_s))*(1/s) \n",
+      "T_b=(I_m**2*R_2/(2*w_s))*(1/(2-s)) \n",
+      "T_tot=T_f-T_b \n",
+      "print(T_tot,'gross total torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "a=T_f/T_tot \n",
+      "b=T_b/T_tot \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'T_f/T_total') \n",
+      "print(b,'T_b/T_total') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(23.38275544101299, 'E_mf/E_mb')\n",
+        "(6.727447444111447, 'V_f/V_b')\n",
+        "(65.66666666666661, 'T_f/T_b')\n",
+        "(13.316745850891841, 'gross total torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1.0154639175257731, 'T_f/T_total')\n",
+        "(0.015463917525773207, 'T_b/T_total')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate parameters of the ckt model, line current, power factor, shaft torque and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_0=215.0 \n",
+      "I_0=3.9 \n",
+      "P_0=185.0 \n",
+      "R_1=1.6 \n",
+      "V_sc=85 \n",
+      "I_sc=9.8 \n",
+      "P_sc=390.0 \n",
+      "X=(V_0/I_0)*2.0         #magnetisation reactance\n",
+      "phi_sc=math.degrees(math.acos(P_sc/(V_sc*I_sc)))\n",
+      "I_e=V_sc/complex(0,X) \n",
+      "I_SC=I_sc*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi_sc*(-1))),math.sin(math.radians(phi_sc*(-1)))) \n",
+      "I_m=I_SC-I_e \n",
+      "Z=V_sc/I_m \n",
+      "R_2=(Z.real)-R_1     #real(Z)=R=R1+R2\n",
+      "print(R_2,'R_2(ohm)') \n",
+      "print((Z.imag),'X_1+X_2(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=1500.0     \n",
+      "nn=1440 \n",
+      "s=(n-nn)/n \n",
+      "a=1.55/s \n",
+      "b=1.55/(2-s) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=(complex(0,X/2))*(complex(a+.8,(Z.imag)/2))/((complex(0,X/2))+(complex(a+.8,(Z.imag)/2))) \n",
+      "Z_btot=(complex(0,X/2))*(complex(b+.8,(Z.imag)/2))/((complex(0,X/2))+(complex(b+.8,(Z.imag)/2))) \n",
+      "Z_tot=Z_ftot+Z_btot \n",
+      "I_m=V_0/Z_tot \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I_m) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.real)/(I_m.imag)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "P_in=V_0*I_L*pf \n",
+      "I_mf=I_m*complex(0,X/2)/complex(39.55,59.12) \n",
+      "I_mb=I_m*complex(0,X/2)/complex(1.59,59.12) \n",
+      "T=(1/157.1)*(abs(I_mf)**2*38.75-abs(I_mb)**2*.79) \n",
+      "P_m=157.1*(1-s)*T \n",
+      "P_L=185 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "eff=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "T_shaft=P_out/157.1     \n",
+      "print(T_shaft,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3.0828571185946845, 'R_2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.051321578491317, 'X_1+X_2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(6.261296470855541, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.6818110490832134, 'pf')\n",
+        "(72.4748020932455, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(4.234260916702234, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute ampitudes of forward and backward stator mmf waves,magnitude of auxillary currrent and its ph angle diff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "N_m=80.0\n",
+      "N_a=100.0 \n",
+      "I_m=15*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "I_aa=7.5*complex(math.cos(math.radians(45)),math.sin(math.radians(45)))  \n",
+      "I_a=7.5*complex(math.cos(math.radians(60)),math.sin(math.radians(60))) \n",
+      "F_m=N_m*I_m \n",
+      "F_a=N_a*I_a \n",
+      "F_aa=N_a*I_aa     #mmf at 45 angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F_f=(1.0/2)*(F_m+1j*F_aa) \n",
+      "a=abs(F_f) \n",
+      "print(a,'forward field(AT)') \n",
+      "F_b=(1.0/2)*(F_m-1j*(F_aa)) \n",
+      "b=abs(F_b) \n",
+      "print(b,'backward field(AT)') \n",
+      "#1200+100*I_a*complex(sind(a),cosd(a))=0\n",
+      "#equating real and imaginery parts\n",
+      "#100*I_a*cosd(a)=0 \n",
+      "a=90 \n",
+      "print(a,'phase angle diff') \n",
+      "I_a=-1200.0/(100*math.sin(math.radians(a))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_a,'auxillery current(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(427.1146783547173, 'forward field(AT)')\n",
+        "(904.8884193832665, 'backward field(AT)')\n",
+        "(90, 'phase angle diff')\n",
+        "(-12.0, 'auxillery current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine value of capacitor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*f \n",
+      "Z_lm=complex(3,2.7) \n",
+      "Z_la=complex(7,3) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_m=(-1)*math.degrees(math.atan((Z_lm.imag)/(Z_la.imag))) \n",
+      "a=90.0 \n",
+      "I_a=a+I_m \n",
+      "c=1/(w*((Z_lm.real)-(Z_la.real)*math.cos(math.radians((-1)*I_a)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0018916018169502632, 'value of capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and atarting current,motor performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_a=110*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90))) \n",
+      "V_m=220*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "R_1=3 \n",
+      "R_2=2.6 \n",
+      "X_1=2.7 \n",
+      "X_2=2.7 \n",
+      "X=110 \n",
+      "V_f=(1.0/2)*(V_m-1j*V_a)\n",
+      "V_b=(1.0/2)*(V_m+1j*V_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=Z_f \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157)*(Z_f.real)*(abs(I_f)**2-abs(I_b)**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_a),'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "s=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/s,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/s,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "w_s=157.1 \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157.1)*(abs(I_f)**2*(Z_f.real)-abs(I_b)**2*(Z_b.real)) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "m=math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.imag)/(I_m.real)))\n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((I_a.imag)/(I_a.real)))\n",
+      "P_m=w_s*(1.0-s)*T_s \n",
+      "P_L=200.0 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "P_min=V*abs(I_m)*math.cos(math.radians(m)) \n",
+      "P_ain=V*abs(I_a)*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n",
+      "P_in=P_min+P_ain \n",
+      "n=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "print(n,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=Z_ftot/Z_btot     #r=V_mf/V_bf\n",
+      "#V_mf+V_bf=220\n",
+      "V_mf=220/(1+r) \n",
+      "V_mb=220-V_mf \n",
+      "V_a=1j*(V_mf-V_mb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V_a),'V_a(V)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(14.313452498677325, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(3.5887587638431966, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.12798421082025385, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(176.4417668704772, 'V_a(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10_1.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..5b64b11d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10 : Fractional Kilowatt Motors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to compute the ratio of E_mf/E_mb,V_f/V_b,T_f/T_b,gross total torque,T_f/total torque, T_b/total torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_lm=3.0 \n",
+      "X_lm=5.0 \n",
+      "R_2=1.5 \n",
+      "X_2=2.0 \n",
+      "s=1-.97         #slip\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=complex(R_2/s,X_2) \n",
+      "b=complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2) \n",
+      "c=abs(a)/abs(b) \n",
+      "print(c,'E_mf/E_mb') \n",
+      "a=(1.0/2)*complex((R_lm+R_2/s),(X_lm+X_2)) \n",
+      "b=(1.0/2)*complex((R_lm+R_2/(2-s)),(X_lm+X_2)) \n",
+      "c=abs(a)/abs(b) \n",
+      "print(c,'V_f/V_b') \n",
+      "d=(2.0-s)/s \n",
+      "print(d,'T_f/T_b') \n",
+      "Z_tot=a+b \n",
+      "V=220.0 \n",
+      "I_m=V/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "P=6.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120.0*f/P \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "T_f=(I_m**2*R_2/(2*w_s))*(1/s) \n",
+      "T_b=(I_m**2*R_2/(2*w_s))*(1/(2-s)) \n",
+      "T_tot=T_f-T_b \n",
+      "print(T_tot,'gross total torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "a=T_f/T_tot \n",
+      "b=T_b/T_tot \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'T_f/T_total') \n",
+      "print(b,'T_b/T_total') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(23.38275544101299, 'E_mf/E_mb')\n",
+        "(6.727447444111447, 'V_f/V_b')\n",
+        "(65.66666666666661, 'T_f/T_b')\n",
+        "(13.316745850891841, 'gross total torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1.0154639175257731, 'T_f/T_total')\n",
+        "(0.015463917525773207, 'T_b/T_total')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate parameters of the ckt model, line current, power factor, shaft torque and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_0=215.0 \n",
+      "I_0=3.9 \n",
+      "P_0=185.0 \n",
+      "R_1=1.6 \n",
+      "V_sc=85 \n",
+      "I_sc=9.8 \n",
+      "P_sc=390.0 \n",
+      "X=(V_0/I_0)*2.0         #magnetisation reactance\n",
+      "phi_sc=math.degrees(math.acos(P_sc/(V_sc*I_sc)))\n",
+      "I_e=V_sc/complex(0,X) \n",
+      "I_SC=I_sc*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi_sc*(-1))),math.sin(math.radians(phi_sc*(-1)))) \n",
+      "I_m=I_SC-I_e \n",
+      "Z=V_sc/I_m \n",
+      "R_2=(Z.real)-R_1     #real(Z)=R=R1+R2\n",
+      "print(R_2,'R_2(ohm)') \n",
+      "print((Z.imag),'X_1+X_2(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=1500.0     \n",
+      "nn=1440 \n",
+      "s=(n-nn)/n \n",
+      "a=1.55/s \n",
+      "b=1.55/(2-s) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=(complex(0,X/2))*(complex(a+.8,(Z.imag)/2))/((complex(0,X/2))+(complex(a+.8,(Z.imag)/2))) \n",
+      "Z_btot=(complex(0,X/2))*(complex(b+.8,(Z.imag)/2))/((complex(0,X/2))+(complex(b+.8,(Z.imag)/2))) \n",
+      "Z_tot=Z_ftot+Z_btot \n",
+      "I_m=V_0/Z_tot \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I_m) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.real)/(I_m.imag)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "P_in=V_0*I_L*pf \n",
+      "I_mf=I_m*complex(0,X/2)/complex(39.55,59.12) \n",
+      "I_mb=I_m*complex(0,X/2)/complex(1.59,59.12) \n",
+      "T=(1/157.1)*(abs(I_mf)**2*38.75-abs(I_mb)**2*.79) \n",
+      "P_m=157.1*(1-s)*T \n",
+      "P_L=185 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "eff=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "T_shaft=P_out/157.1     \n",
+      "print(T_shaft,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3.0828571185946845, 'R_2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.051321578491317, 'X_1+X_2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(6.261296470855541, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.6818110490832134, 'pf')\n",
+        "(72.4748020932455, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(4.234260916702234, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute ampitudes of forward and backward stator mmf waves,magnitude of auxillary currrent and its ph angle diff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "N_m=80.0\n",
+      "N_a=100.0 \n",
+      "I_m=15*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "I_aa=7.5*complex(math.cos(math.radians(45)),math.sin(math.radians(45)))  \n",
+      "I_a=7.5*complex(math.cos(math.radians(60)),math.sin(math.radians(60))) \n",
+      "F_m=N_m*I_m \n",
+      "F_a=N_a*I_a \n",
+      "F_aa=N_a*I_aa     #mmf at 45 angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F_f=(1.0/2)*(F_m+1j*F_aa) \n",
+      "a=abs(F_f) \n",
+      "print(a,'forward field(AT)') \n",
+      "F_b=(1.0/2)*(F_m-1j*(F_aa)) \n",
+      "b=abs(F_b) \n",
+      "print(b,'backward field(AT)') \n",
+      "#1200+100*I_a*complex(sind(a),cosd(a))=0\n",
+      "#equating real and imaginery parts\n",
+      "#100*I_a*cosd(a)=0 \n",
+      "a=90 \n",
+      "print(a,'phase angle diff') \n",
+      "I_a=-1200.0/(100*math.sin(math.radians(a))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_a,'auxillery current(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(427.1146783547173, 'forward field(AT)')\n",
+        "(904.8884193832665, 'backward field(AT)')\n",
+        "(90, 'phase angle diff')\n",
+        "(-12.0, 'auxillery current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine value of capacitor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*f \n",
+      "Z_lm=complex(3,2.7) \n",
+      "Z_la=complex(7,3) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_m=(-1)*math.degrees(math.atan((Z_lm.imag)/(Z_la.imag))) \n",
+      "a=90.0 \n",
+      "I_a=a+I_m \n",
+      "c=1/(w*((Z_lm.real)-(Z_la.real)*math.cos(math.radians((-1)*I_a)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0018916018169502632, 'value of capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and atarting current,motor performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_a=110*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90))) \n",
+      "V_m=220*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "R_1=3 \n",
+      "R_2=2.6 \n",
+      "X_1=2.7 \n",
+      "X_2=2.7 \n",
+      "X=110 \n",
+      "V_f=(1.0/2)*(V_m-1j*V_a)\n",
+      "V_b=(1.0/2)*(V_m+1j*V_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=Z_f \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157)*(Z_f.real)*(abs(I_f)**2-abs(I_b)**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_a),'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "s=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/s,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/s,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "w_s=157.1 \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157.1)*(abs(I_f)**2*(Z_f.real)-abs(I_b)**2*(Z_b.real)) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "m=math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.imag)/(I_m.real)))\n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((I_a.imag)/(I_a.real)))\n",
+      "P_m=w_s*(1.0-s)*T_s \n",
+      "P_L=200.0 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "P_min=V*abs(I_m)*math.cos(math.radians(m)) \n",
+      "P_ain=V*abs(I_a)*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n",
+      "P_in=P_min+P_ain \n",
+      "n=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "print(n,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=Z_ftot/Z_btot     #r=V_mf/V_bf\n",
+      "#V_mf+V_bf=220\n",
+      "V_mf=220/(1+r) \n",
+      "V_mb=220-V_mf \n",
+      "V_a=1j*(V_mf-V_mb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V_a),'V_a(V)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(14.313452498677325, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(3.5887587638431966, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.12798421082025385, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(176.4417668704772, 'V_a(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10_2.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..5b64b11d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter10_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 10 : Fractional Kilowatt Motors"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to compute the ratio of E_mf/E_mb,V_f/V_b,T_f/T_b,gross total torque,T_f/total torque, T_b/total torque\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "R_lm=3.0 \n",
+      "X_lm=5.0 \n",
+      "R_2=1.5 \n",
+      "X_2=2.0 \n",
+      "s=1-.97         #slip\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=complex(R_2/s,X_2) \n",
+      "b=complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2) \n",
+      "c=abs(a)/abs(b) \n",
+      "print(c,'E_mf/E_mb') \n",
+      "a=(1.0/2)*complex((R_lm+R_2/s),(X_lm+X_2)) \n",
+      "b=(1.0/2)*complex((R_lm+R_2/(2-s)),(X_lm+X_2)) \n",
+      "c=abs(a)/abs(b) \n",
+      "print(c,'V_f/V_b') \n",
+      "d=(2.0-s)/s \n",
+      "print(d,'T_f/T_b') \n",
+      "Z_tot=a+b \n",
+      "V=220.0 \n",
+      "I_m=V/abs(Z_tot) \n",
+      "P=6.0 \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "n_s=120.0*f/P \n",
+      "w_s=2*math.pi*n_s/60 \n",
+      "T_f=(I_m**2*R_2/(2*w_s))*(1/s) \n",
+      "T_b=(I_m**2*R_2/(2*w_s))*(1/(2-s)) \n",
+      "T_tot=T_f-T_b \n",
+      "print(T_tot,'gross total torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "a=T_f/T_tot \n",
+      "b=T_b/T_tot \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(a,'T_f/T_total') \n",
+      "print(b,'T_b/T_total') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(23.38275544101299, 'E_mf/E_mb')\n",
+        "(6.727447444111447, 'V_f/V_b')\n",
+        "(65.66666666666661, 'T_f/T_b')\n",
+        "(13.316745850891841, 'gross total torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(1.0154639175257731, 'T_f/T_total')\n",
+        "(0.015463917525773207, 'T_b/T_total')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "# to calculate parameters of the ckt model, line current, power factor, shaft torque and efficiency\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_0=215.0 \n",
+      "I_0=3.9 \n",
+      "P_0=185.0 \n",
+      "R_1=1.6 \n",
+      "V_sc=85 \n",
+      "I_sc=9.8 \n",
+      "P_sc=390.0 \n",
+      "X=(V_0/I_0)*2.0         #magnetisation reactance\n",
+      "phi_sc=math.degrees(math.acos(P_sc/(V_sc*I_sc)))\n",
+      "I_e=V_sc/complex(0,X) \n",
+      "I_SC=I_sc*complex(math.cos(math.radians(phi_sc*(-1))),math.sin(math.radians(phi_sc*(-1)))) \n",
+      "I_m=I_SC-I_e \n",
+      "Z=V_sc/I_m \n",
+      "R_2=(Z.real)-R_1     #real(Z)=R=R1+R2\n",
+      "print(R_2,'R_2(ohm)') \n",
+      "print((Z.imag),'X_1+X_2(ohm)') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "n=1500.0     \n",
+      "nn=1440 \n",
+      "s=(n-nn)/n \n",
+      "a=1.55/s \n",
+      "b=1.55/(2-s) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=(complex(0,X/2))*(complex(a+.8,(Z.imag)/2))/((complex(0,X/2))+(complex(a+.8,(Z.imag)/2))) \n",
+      "Z_btot=(complex(0,X/2))*(complex(b+.8,(Z.imag)/2))/((complex(0,X/2))+(complex(b+.8,(Z.imag)/2))) \n",
+      "Z_tot=Z_ftot+Z_btot \n",
+      "I_m=V_0/Z_tot \n",
+      "I_L=abs(I_m) \n",
+      "print(I_L,'line current(A)') \n",
+      "pf=math.cos(math.radians(math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.real)/(I_m.imag)))))\n",
+      "print(pf,'pf') \n",
+      "P_in=V_0*I_L*pf \n",
+      "I_mf=I_m*complex(0,X/2)/complex(39.55,59.12) \n",
+      "I_mb=I_m*complex(0,X/2)/complex(1.59,59.12) \n",
+      "T=(1/157.1)*(abs(I_mf)**2*38.75-abs(I_mb)**2*.79) \n",
+      "P_m=157.1*(1-s)*T \n",
+      "P_L=185 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "eff=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(eff*100,'efficiency(%)') \n",
+      "T_shaft=P_out/157.1     \n",
+      "print(T_shaft,'shaft torque(Nm)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(3.0828571185946845, 'R_2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(8.051321578491317, 'X_1+X_2(ohm)')\n",
+        "(6.261296470855541, 'line current(A)')\n",
+        "(0.6818110490832134, 'pf')\n",
+        "(72.4748020932455, 'efficiency(%)')\n",
+        "(4.234260916702234, 'shaft torque(Nm)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to compute ampitudes of forward and backward stator mmf waves,magnitude of auxillary currrent and its ph angle diff\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "N_m=80.0\n",
+      "N_a=100.0 \n",
+      "I_m=15*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "I_aa=7.5*complex(math.cos(math.radians(45)),math.sin(math.radians(45)))  \n",
+      "I_a=7.5*complex(math.cos(math.radians(60)),math.sin(math.radians(60))) \n",
+      "F_m=N_m*I_m \n",
+      "F_a=N_a*I_a \n",
+      "F_aa=N_a*I_aa     #mmf at 45 angle\n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "F_f=(1.0/2)*(F_m+1j*F_aa) \n",
+      "a=abs(F_f) \n",
+      "print(a,'forward field(AT)') \n",
+      "F_b=(1.0/2)*(F_m-1j*(F_aa)) \n",
+      "b=abs(F_b) \n",
+      "print(b,'backward field(AT)') \n",
+      "#1200+100*I_a*complex(sind(a),cosd(a))=0\n",
+      "#equating real and imaginery parts\n",
+      "#100*I_a*cosd(a)=0 \n",
+      "a=90 \n",
+      "print(a,'phase angle diff') \n",
+      "I_a=-1200.0/(100*math.sin(math.radians(a))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(I_a,'auxillery current(A)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(427.1146783547173, 'forward field(AT)')\n",
+        "(904.8884193832665, 'backward field(AT)')\n",
+        "(90, 'phase angle diff')\n",
+        "(-12.0, 'auxillery current(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine value of capacitor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*f \n",
+      "Z_lm=complex(3,2.7) \n",
+      "Z_la=complex(7,3) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_m=(-1)*math.degrees(math.atan((Z_lm.imag)/(Z_la.imag))) \n",
+      "a=90.0 \n",
+      "I_a=a+I_m \n",
+      "c=1/(w*((Z_lm.real)-(Z_la.real)*math.cos(math.radians((-1)*I_a)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0018916018169502632, 'value of capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and atarting current,motor performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_a=110*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90))) \n",
+      "V_m=220*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "R_1=3 \n",
+      "R_2=2.6 \n",
+      "X_1=2.7 \n",
+      "X_2=2.7 \n",
+      "X=110 \n",
+      "V_f=(1.0/2)*(V_m-1j*V_a)\n",
+      "V_b=(1.0/2)*(V_m+1j*V_a) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=Z_f \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157)*(Z_f.real)*(abs(I_f)**2-abs(I_b)**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_a),'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "s=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/s,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/s,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "w_s=157.1 \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157.1)*(abs(I_f)**2*(Z_f.real)-abs(I_b)**2*(Z_b.real)) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "m=math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.imag)/(I_m.real)))\n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((I_a.imag)/(I_a.real)))\n",
+      "P_m=w_s*(1.0-s)*T_s \n",
+      "P_L=200.0 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "P_min=V*abs(I_m)*math.cos(math.radians(m)) \n",
+      "P_ain=V*abs(I_a)*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n",
+      "P_in=P_min+P_ain \n",
+      "n=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "print(n,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=Z_ftot/Z_btot     #r=V_mf/V_bf\n",
+      "#V_mf+V_bf=220\n",
+      "V_mf=220/(1+r) \n",
+      "V_mb=220-V_mf \n",
+      "V_a=1j*(V_mf-V_mb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V_a),'V_a(V)')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(14.313452498677325, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(3.5887587638431966, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.12798421082025385, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(176.4417668704772, 'V_a(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..14017fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12 : AC Steadystate Circuit Analysis"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate power fed to load\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V=100.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Va=(V/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi))*(2+1/math.sqrt(2)) \n",
+      "Rd=10.0 \n",
+      "Pa=Va**2/Rd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pa,'load power(W)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(371.26245525794906, 'load power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate firing angle value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Po=15000.0 \n",
+      "Ro=1.5 \n",
+      "Va=math.sqrt(Po*Ro) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.acos((Va*2*math.pi/(3*math.sqrt(6)*V))-1))\n",
+      "print(a,'firing angle(deg)') \n",
+      "Ia=Va/Ro \n",
+      "Ith=Ia/3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ith,'avg current through diodes(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(73.58755434217028, 'firing angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(33.333333333333336, 'avg current through diodes(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate value of commutating capacitor\n",
+      "Iamax=100.0 \n",
+      "V=100.0 \n",
+      "f_max=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "c=Iamax/(2*V*f_max) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of commutating capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.00125, 'value of commutating capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine value of capacitor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*f \n",
+      "Z_lm=complex(3,2.7) \n",
+      "Z_la=complex(7,3) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_m=(-1)*math.degrees(math.atan((Z_lm.imag)/(Z_la.imag))) \n",
+      "a=90.0 \n",
+      "I_a=a+I_m \n",
+      "c=1/(w*((Z_lm.real)-(Z_la.real)*math.cos(math.radians((-1)*I_a)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0018916018169502632, 'value of capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and atarting current,motor performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_a=110*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90))) \n",
+      "V_m=220*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "R_1=3 \n",
+      "R_2=2.6 \n",
+      "X_1=2.7 \n",
+      "X_2=2.7 \n",
+      "X=110 \n",
+      "V_f=(1.0/2)*(V_m-1j*V_a)\n",
+      "V_b=(1.0/2)*(V_m+1j*V_a) \n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=Z_f \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157)*(Z_f.real)*(abs(I_f)**2-abs(I_b)**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_a),'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "s=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/s,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/s,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "w_s=157.1 \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157.1)*(abs(I_f)**2*(Z_f.real)-abs(I_b)**2*(Z_b.real)) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "m=math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.imag)/(I_m.real)))\n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((I_a.imag)/(I_a.real)))\n",
+      "P_m=w_s*(1.0-s)*T_s \n",
+      "P_L=200.0 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "P_min=V*abs(I_m)*math.cos(math.radians(m)) \n",
+      "P_ain=V*abs(I_a)*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n",
+      "P_in=P_min+P_ain \n",
+      "n=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "print(n,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=Z_ftot/Z_btot     #r=V_mf/V_bf\n",
+      "#V_mf+V_bf=220\n",
+      "V_mf=220/(1+r) \n",
+      "V_mb=220-V_mf \n",
+      "V_a=1j*(V_mf-V_mb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V_a),'V_a(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(14.313452498677325, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(3.5887587638431966, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.2815652638045585, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(176.4417668704772, 'V_a(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12_1.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12_1.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..14017fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12_1.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12 : AC Steadystate Circuit Analysis"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate power fed to load\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V=100.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Va=(V/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi))*(2+1/math.sqrt(2)) \n",
+      "Rd=10.0 \n",
+      "Pa=Va**2/Rd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pa,'load power(W)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(371.26245525794906, 'load power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate firing angle value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Po=15000.0 \n",
+      "Ro=1.5 \n",
+      "Va=math.sqrt(Po*Ro) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.acos((Va*2*math.pi/(3*math.sqrt(6)*V))-1))\n",
+      "print(a,'firing angle(deg)') \n",
+      "Ia=Va/Ro \n",
+      "Ith=Ia/3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ith,'avg current through diodes(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(73.58755434217028, 'firing angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(33.333333333333336, 'avg current through diodes(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate value of commutating capacitor\n",
+      "Iamax=100.0 \n",
+      "V=100.0 \n",
+      "f_max=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "c=Iamax/(2*V*f_max) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of commutating capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.00125, 'value of commutating capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine value of capacitor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*f \n",
+      "Z_lm=complex(3,2.7) \n",
+      "Z_la=complex(7,3) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_m=(-1)*math.degrees(math.atan((Z_lm.imag)/(Z_la.imag))) \n",
+      "a=90.0 \n",
+      "I_a=a+I_m \n",
+      "c=1/(w*((Z_lm.real)-(Z_la.real)*math.cos(math.radians((-1)*I_a)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0018916018169502632, 'value of capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and atarting current,motor performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_a=110*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90))) \n",
+      "V_m=220*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "R_1=3 \n",
+      "R_2=2.6 \n",
+      "X_1=2.7 \n",
+      "X_2=2.7 \n",
+      "X=110 \n",
+      "V_f=(1.0/2)*(V_m-1j*V_a)\n",
+      "V_b=(1.0/2)*(V_m+1j*V_a) \n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=Z_f \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157)*(Z_f.real)*(abs(I_f)**2-abs(I_b)**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_a),'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "s=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/s,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/s,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "w_s=157.1 \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157.1)*(abs(I_f)**2*(Z_f.real)-abs(I_b)**2*(Z_b.real)) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "m=math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.imag)/(I_m.real)))\n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((I_a.imag)/(I_a.real)))\n",
+      "P_m=w_s*(1.0-s)*T_s \n",
+      "P_L=200.0 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "P_min=V*abs(I_m)*math.cos(math.radians(m)) \n",
+      "P_ain=V*abs(I_a)*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n",
+      "P_in=P_min+P_ain \n",
+      "n=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "print(n,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=Z_ftot/Z_btot     #r=V_mf/V_bf\n",
+      "#V_mf+V_bf=220\n",
+      "V_mf=220/(1+r) \n",
+      "V_mb=220-V_mf \n",
+      "V_a=1j*(V_mf-V_mb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V_a),'V_a(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(14.313452498677325, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(3.5887587638431966, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.2815652638045585, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(176.4417668704772, 'V_a(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12_2.ipynb b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12_2.ipynb
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..14017fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/Chapter12_2.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Chapter 12 : AC Steadystate Circuit Analysis"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.1, Page No 148"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate power fed to load\n",
+      " \n",
+      "V=100.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "Va=(V/(math.sqrt(2)*math.pi))*(2+1/math.sqrt(2)) \n",
+      "Rd=10.0 \n",
+      "Pa=Va**2/Rd \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Pa,'load power(W)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(371.26245525794906, 'load power(W)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.2, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate firing angle value\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Po=15000.0 \n",
+      "Ro=1.5 \n",
+      "Va=math.sqrt(Po*Ro) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.acos((Va*2*math.pi/(3*math.sqrt(6)*V))-1))\n",
+      "print(a,'firing angle(deg)') \n",
+      "Ia=Va/Ro \n",
+      "Ith=Ia/3.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(Ith,'avg current through diodes(A)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(73.58755434217028, 'firing angle(deg)')\n",
+        "(33.333333333333336, 'avg current through diodes(A)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 12.3, Page No 149"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#calculate value of commutating capacitor\n",
+      "Iamax=100.0 \n",
+      "V=100.0 \n",
+      "f_max=400.0 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "c=Iamax/(2*V*f_max) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of commutating capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.00125, 'value of commutating capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.4 Page No 150"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to determine value of capacitor\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "f=50.0 \n",
+      "w=2*math.pi*f \n",
+      "Z_lm=complex(3,2.7) \n",
+      "Z_la=complex(7,3) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "I_m=(-1)*math.degrees(math.atan((Z_lm.imag)/(Z_la.imag))) \n",
+      "a=90.0 \n",
+      "I_a=a+I_m \n",
+      "c=1/(w*((Z_lm.real)-(Z_la.real)*math.cos(math.radians((-1)*I_a)))) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(c,'value of capacitor(F)') "
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(-0.0018916018169502632, 'value of capacitor(F)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Example 10.6, Page No 151"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import math\n",
+      "#initialisation of variables\n",
+      "#to calculate starting torque and atarting current,motor performance\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \n",
+      "V_a=110*complex(math.cos(math.radians(90)),math.sin(math.radians(90))) \n",
+      "V_m=220*complex(math.cos(math.radians(0)),math.sin(math.radians(0))) \n",
+      "R_1=3 \n",
+      "R_2=2.6 \n",
+      "X_1=2.7 \n",
+      "X_2=2.7 \n",
+      "X=110 \n",
+      "V_f=(1.0/2)*(V_m-1j*V_a)\n",
+      "V_b=(1.0/2)*(V_m+1j*V_a) \n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=Z_f \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157)*(Z_f.real)*(abs(I_f)**2-abs(I_b)**2) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "print(abs(I_a),'starting current(A)') \n",
+      "s=0.04 \n",
+      "\n",
+      "Z_f=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/s,X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/s,X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_b=(complex(0,X)*complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2))/(complex(0,X)+complex(R_2/(2-s),X_2)) \n",
+      "Z_ftot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_f \n",
+      "Z_btot=complex(R_1,X_1)+Z_b \n",
+      "I_f=V_f/Z_ftot \n",
+      "I_b=V_b/Z_btot \n",
+      "w_s=157.1 \n",
+      "T_s=(2/157.1)*(abs(I_f)**2*(Z_f.real)-abs(I_b)**2*(Z_b.real)) \n",
+      "print(T_s,'starting torque(Nm)') \n",
+      "I_m=I_f+I_b \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Calculations\n",
+      "m=math.degrees(math.atan((I_m.imag)/(I_m.real)))\n",
+      "I_a=1j*(I_f-I_b) \n",
+      "a=math.degrees(math.atan((I_a.imag)/(I_a.real)))\n",
+      "P_m=w_s*(1.0-s)*T_s \n",
+      "P_L=200.0 \n",
+      "P_out=P_m-P_L \n",
+      "P_min=V*abs(I_m)*math.cos(math.radians(m)) \n",
+      "P_ain=V*abs(I_a)*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n",
+      "P_in=P_min+P_ain \n",
+      "n=P_out/P_in \n",
+      "print(n,'efficiency') \n",
+      "\n",
+      "r=Z_ftot/Z_btot     #r=V_mf/V_bf\n",
+      "#V_mf+V_bf=220\n",
+      "V_mf=220/(1+r) \n",
+      "V_mb=220-V_mf \n",
+      "V_a=1j*(V_mf-V_mb) \n",
+      "\n",
+      "#Results\n",
+      "print(abs(V_a),'V_a(V)') \n"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "output_type": "stream",
+       "stream": "stdout",
+       "text": [
+        "(0.0, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(14.313452498677325, 'starting current(A)')\n",
+        "(3.5887587638431966, 'starting torque(Nm)')\n",
+        "(0.2815652638045585, 'efficiency')\n",
+        "(176.4417668704772, 'V_a(V)')\n"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/README.txt b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/README.txt
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8de90964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/README.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributed By: Mayur Sabban
+Course: be
+College/Institute/Organization: Vishwakarma Institute of Technology Pune
+Department/Designation: Computer Engg
+Book Title: Electric Machines
+Author: Nagrath & Kothari
+Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill.
+Year of publication: 2010
+Isbn: 0070699674
+Edition: 4
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10.png
new file mode 100755
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10.png
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10_1.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10_1.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d2f31925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10_1.png
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10_2.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10_2.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d2f31925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter10_2.png
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..7827ed55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12.png
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12_1.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12_1.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..7827ed55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12_1.png
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12_2.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12_2.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..7827ed55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter12_2.png
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter9.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter9.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4873a6d0
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+++ b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter9.png
diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter9_1.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter9_1.png
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4873a6d0
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diff --git a/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter9_2.png b/Electric_Machines_by_Nagrath_&_Kothari/screenshots/Chapter9_2.png
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author	FOSSEE SysAds	2015-12-08 15:04:13 +0600
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