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| author | Thomas Stephen Lee | 2015-08-28 16:53:23 +0530 |
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| committer | Thomas Stephen Lee | 2015-08-28 16:53:23 +0530 |
| commit | 4a1f703f1c1808d390ebf80e80659fe161f69fab (patch) | |
| tree | 31b43ae8895599f2d13cf19395d84164463615d9 /ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_(1).ipynb | |
| parent | 9d260e6fae7328d816a514130b691fbd0e9ef81d (diff) | |
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diff --git a/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_(1).ipynb b/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_(1).ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9f8fe79f --- /dev/null +++ b/ELECTRICAL_ENGINEERING_MATERIALS_by_R.K.Shukla/Chapter7_(1).ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,619 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 7:Junction Rectifier,Transistors and Devices"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.2,Page No:7.7"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Increase in temperature necessary to increase Is by a factor by 150 is 72.29 °C\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "#given Is2/Is1 =150\n",
+ "#Is2/Is1 =2**(T2-T1)/10\n",
+ "#dT=10ln(I)/ln(2)\n",
+ "I = 150;\n",
+ " \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "dT = 10*math.log(I)/float(math.log(2)); #increase in temperature in °C\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print'Increase in temperature necessary to increase Is by a factor by 150 is %3.2f '%dT,'°C';\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.3,Page No:7.7"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Current flowing through germanium diode = 25.0067 uA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "Io = 0.25*10**-6; # large reverse biased current in A\n",
+ "V = 0.12; # applied voltage in V\n",
+ "Vt = 0.026; # Volt-equivalent of temperature in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "I = Io*(math.exp(V/float(Vt))-1); #current in A \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "print'Current flowing through germanium diode = %g '%(I*10**6),'uA';"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.4,Page No:7.12"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Diffusion co-efficients of electrons = 4.92e-03 m**2/s\n",
+ "Diffusion co-efficients of holes = 6.99e-04 m**2/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "k = 1.38*10**-23; # boltzmann constant (m**2)*(kg)*(s**-2)*(K**-1)\n",
+ "e = 1.6*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n",
+ "ue = 0.19 # mobility of electron in m**2.V**-1.s**-1\n",
+ "uh = 0.027; # mobilty of holes in m**2.V**-1.s**-1\n",
+ "T = 300; # temperature in K\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Dn = ((k*T)/float(e))*ue; # diffusion constant of electrons in cm**2/s\n",
+ "Dh = (k*T/float(e))*uh; # diffusion constant of holes in cm**2/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print'Diffusion co-efficients of electrons = %3.2e'%Dn,'m**2/s';\n",
+ "print'Diffusion co-efficients of holes = %3.2e '%Dh,'m**2/s';\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.6,Page No:7.13"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "resistance = 10 ohm\n",
+ "Vreb = 1.0e+07 ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "I1 = 20; #current in mA\n",
+ "V1 = 0.8; #voltage in volts\n",
+ "V2 = 0.7; #voltage in volts\n",
+ "I2 = 10; # current in mA\n",
+ "v3 = -10; #voltage in volts\n",
+ "I3 = -1*10**-6; # current in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "R = (V1 - V2)/(I1 - I2); #resistance in ohm\n",
+ "Vreb = v3/I3; #velocity in volts\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print'resistance = %d'%(R*10**3),'ohm';\n",
+ "print'Vreb = %3.1e'%Vreb,'ohm';\n",
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.7,Page No:7.13"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Diffusion constant of electrons = 94.3 cm**2/s\n",
+ "Diffusion constant of electrons = 44.4 cm**2/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "T = 300; # temp in kelvin\n",
+ "k = 1.38*10**-23; # Boltzmann constant (m**2)*(kg)*(s**-2)*(K**-1)\n",
+ "e = 1.602*10**-19; # charge of electron in coulombs\n",
+ "ue = 3650; # mobility of electrons \n",
+ "uh = 1720; # mobility of holes\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "De = (ue*k*T)/float(e); # diffusion constant of electrons in cm**2/s\n",
+ "Dh = (uh*k*T)/float(e); # diffusion constant of holes in cm**2/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "print'Diffusion constant of electrons = %3.1f'%De,'cm**2/s';\n",
+ "print'Diffusion constant of electrons = %3.1f'%Dh,'cm**2/s';\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.8,Page No:7.23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 6,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Pinch-off voltage = 3.92e-02 V\n",
+ " Note:calculation mistake in text book ,e value is taken as 14.16*10**-12 instead of 141.6*10**-12\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "p = 2; # resistivity in ohm-m\n",
+ "er = 16; #relative dielectrivity of Ge cm**2/s\n",
+ "up = 1800; # mobility of holes in cm**2/s\n",
+ "e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #permitivity in (m**-3)*(kg**-1)*(s**4)*(A**2)\n",
+ "a = 2*10**-4; #channel height in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "qNa = 1/float(up*p);\n",
+ "e = e0*er; #permitivity in F/cm\n",
+ "Vp = (qNa*(a**2))/float(2*e); # pinch-off voltage in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print'Pinch-off voltage = %3.2e'%Vp,'V';\n",
+ "print' Note:calculation mistake in text book ,e value is taken as 14.16*10**-12 instead of 141.6*10**-12';\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.9,Page No:7.23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "pinch off velocity =9.2 V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "a = 3.5*10**-6; #channel width in m\n",
+ "N = 10**21; #number of electrons in electrons/m**3\n",
+ "q = 1.6*10**-19; #charge of electron in coulombs\n",
+ "er = 12; #dielectric constant F/m\n",
+ "e0 = 8.85*10**-12; #dielectric constant F/m\n",
+ " \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "e = (e0)*(er); #permitivityin F/m\n",
+ "Vp = (q*(a**2)*N)/float(2*e); #pinch off voltage in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result \n",
+ "print'pinch off velocity =%2.1f'%Vp,'V';"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.10,Page No:7.23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "transconductance =2.24 m*A/V\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "IDSS = 10; #current in mA\n",
+ "IDS =2.; # current in mA\n",
+ "Vp = -4.0; #pinch off voltage in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#formula\n",
+ "#IDS = IDSS*((1-(VGS/Vp))**2)\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "VGS = Vp*(1-(math.sqrt(IDS/float(IDSS))));\n",
+ "gm = ((-2*IDSS)/float(Vp))*(1-(VGS/float(Vp))); #transconductance in m*A/V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print'transconductance =%3.2f'%gm,'m*A/V';"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.11,Page No:7.24"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "current =1.60 mA\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VGS = -3; #pinch off voltage in V\n",
+ "IDSS =10*10**-3; # current in A\n",
+ "Vp = -5.0; #pinch off voltage in V\n",
+ " \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "IDS = IDSS*((1-(VGS/float(Vp)))**2); #current in mA\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print'current =%3.2f'%(IDS*10**3),'mA';"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.12,Page No:7.24"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 10,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "transconductance =2.05 m S\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "IDS = 2*10**-3; #current in mA\n",
+ "IDSS = 8*10**-3; # current in mA\n",
+ "Vp = -4.5; #pinch off voltage in V\n",
+ "VGS1 = -1.902; #pinch off voltage when IDS =3*10**-3 A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#formula\n",
+ "#IDS = IDSS*((1-(VGS/Vp))**2)\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "VGS = Vp*(1-(math.sqrt(IDS/float(IDSS))));\n",
+ "gm = ((-2*IDSS)/float(Vp))*(1-(VGS1/float(Vp))); #transconductance in m S\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print'transconductance =%3.2f'%(gm/10**-3),'m S';\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.13,Page No:7.25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 11,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "resistance =1.62e+10 ohms\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "VGS = 26; #gate source voltage in V\n",
+ "IG = 1.6*10**-9; #gate current in A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "R = VGS/float(IG); #gate to current resistance in ohms\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result \n",
+ "print'resistance =%3.2e'%R,'ohms';\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.14,Page No:7.25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 12,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "transconductance =2.20e-03 ohm\n",
+ "Note:wrong answer in textbook\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ID1 = 1; #current in A\n",
+ "ID2 = 2.1; # current in A\n",
+ "VGS1 = 3.0; #pinch off voltage in V\n",
+ "VGS2 = 3.5; #pinch off voltage in V\n",
+ " \n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "dID = ID2-ID1;\n",
+ "dVGS = VGS2-VGS1;\n",
+ "gm = (dID*10**-3)/float(dVGS); #transconductance in mho\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print'transconductance =%3.2e '%gm,'ohm';\n",
+ "print'Note:wrong answer in textbook';"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.15,Page No:7.25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 13,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "ac drain resistnce =30.00 k-ohms\n",
+ "transconductance =4000 u mhos\n",
+ "amplification factor=120.00\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "ID1 = 8; #drain current in mA\n",
+ "ID2 = 8.3; #drain current in mA\n",
+ "VDS1 = 5; #drainn source voltage in V\n",
+ "VDS2 = 14; #drain source voltage in V\n",
+ "ID3 = 7.1; #drain current when VDS constant VGS change\n",
+ "ID4 = 8.3; #drain current when VDS constant VGS change\n",
+ "VGS1 = 0.1; #drain source voltage in V\n",
+ "VGS2 = 0.4; #drain source voltage in V\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "dID1 = ID2-ID1;\n",
+ "dVDS = VDS2-VDS1;\n",
+ "rd = dVDS/float(dID1); #ac drain resistance\n",
+ "dID2 = ID4-ID3;\n",
+ "dVGS = VGS2-VGS1;\n",
+ "gm = dID2/float(dVGS); #transconductance mhos\n",
+ "u = rd*gm; #amplification factor\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print'ac drain resistnce =%3.2f'%rd,'k-ohms';\n",
+ "print'transconductance =%3.2d'%(gm/10**-3),'u mhos';\n",
+ "print'amplification factor=%3.2f'%u;\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.16,Page No:7.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 14,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "transconductance =3.03 mmhos\n",
+ "Note:transconductance value is wrongly printed in terms of umhos\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#variable declaration\n",
+ "u = 100; #amplification factor \n",
+ "rd = 33*10**3; #drain resistance in ohms\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#calculation\n",
+ "gm = u/float(rd); #transconductance in mhos\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#result\n",
+ "print'transconductance =%3.2f'%(gm*10**3),' mmhos';\n",
+ "print'Note:transconductance value is wrongly printed in terms of umhos';\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 2",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python2"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.6"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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